{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3735", "width": "2328", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Washington, D. o.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "BAl\\nm", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "O\\nS-,\\n0)\\nc\\no\\nS\\no", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "FL O K I D A\\nTOURISTS, LNVALLDS, AID SETTLERS:\\nCONTAINING\\nPRACTICAL INFORMATION\\nKEGAEDEN G\\nCLDTATE, SOIL, AND PRODrCTIOXS CITIES, TOWNS, AND PEOPLE;\\nTHE CULTURE OF THE ORANGE AND OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS\\nFARMING AND GARDENING SCENERY AND RESORTS\\nSPORT; ROUTES OF TRAVEL, ETC., ETC.\\nGEORGE ]V\u00c2\u00bbBaSlBOUR.\\nI\\nWIT If 31 A F ^iV^5 Ij::T^USTJiATJONS.\\nD. APPLETOF miJ) COMPANY,\\n1, 3, and|5 BCHi) STEEET.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "i\\no\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6v^OPTKIGHT BY\\nD|APPEETON AND COMPANY,\\n1881.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe writer of the following pages first saw Florida\\nin the month of January, 1880, when he accompanied\\nGeneral Grant on his tonr through the State, as corre-\\nspondent of the Chicago Times. He had previ-\\nously either traveled or resided in nearly every other\\nportion of the country, East, West, and South but his\\nfirst impressions of the Land of Flowers were so\\nfavorable that, his special service as correspondent being\\nover, he returned thither with the idea of making for\\nhimself a permanent home which should put an end to\\nhis wanderings. Since then he has enjoyed an extended\\nexperience in the State, engaged in a vocation requir-\\ning visits to all the more prominent places, and traveled\\nover its immense territory under circumstances the most\\nfavorable for learning its real resources and observing\\nthe great variety of its productions.\\nAlmost from the beginning, the importance of writ-\\ning a book embodying the results of his observation\\nand experience was urged upon him by the friends", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "4 PREFACE.\\nwhom he made in the course of his travels and his pe-\\nrusal of the multifarious inquiries addressed to the State\\nBureau of Immigration, at Jacksonville, convinced him\\nthat there is a real demand for an adequate and trust-\\nworthy descriptive work on Florida. With the excep-\\ntion of a fpw brief pamphlets, written for the most\\n]3art in the interest of some land scheme or other spec-\\nulative enterprise, there appears to be really no publi-\\ncation (except the Bureau of Immigration pamphlet)\\nwhich answers practical questions in a practical man-\\nner; and even those books designed for transient vis-\\nitors have been rendered wofully inadequate and anti-\\nquated by the progress that has been achieved during\\nthe past few years.\\nThe present volume is the result of personal obser-\\nvation and study; and is written with a sincere desire\\nto do justice to all parts of the State, and to describe\\naccurately and with precision its real resources and ad-\\nvantages. It is written for Florida entire, and not in\\nthe interest of any corporation, speculative scheme, or\\nspecial locality. Having no land to sell, and no personal\\ninterest of any kind to further, the author has found\\nlittle difficulty in following Othello s injunction, naught\\nto extenuate, nor set down aught in malice.\\nWhere so many have aided him with information\\nand suggestions, the author feels that it is almost in-\\nvidious to name only a few yet he can not forbear thus\\nexplicitly acknowledging his obligations to the Hon.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE. 5\\nSetli Frencli, late Commissioner of the Bureau of Im-\\nmigration to Captain Samuel Fairbanks, Assistant Com-\\nmissioner; and to Mr. William Bloxliam, the present\\nGovernor of the State. Last, but not least, he would\\noffer his acknowledgments to Mr. C. H. Jones, of E^ew\\nYork City, who rendered him invaluable aid in the ar-\\nrangement and revision of his w^ork.\\nG. M. B.\\nSeptemter, 1881.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "TESTIMONIAL.\\nIt is Tcnown to the undersigned that the author, Mr.\\nGeorge M: Barhour, has traveled over almost the luhole\\nof Florida, under circumstances peculiarly advantageous\\nfor enaUing him to acquaint himself ivith the varied\\nresources of the State, and luith the attractions which it\\noffers to the three classes to whom his worh is addressed\\nTourists, Invalids, and Settlers. Our hnoiuledge of\\nhis ahilities as a ivriter on Florida subjects, and of the\\nopportu7iities he has enjoyed in prejparing his hooh, are\\nsuch that toe can commend it as at once trustworthy and\\ncomprehensive greatly superior in these respects to\\nanything hitherto published descriptive of the entire\\nState and its soil and productions.\\nW. D. BL0XHA3I,\\nGovernor of Florida.\\nGeorge F. Drew,\\nEx- Governor of Florida.\\nSeth French,\\nEx- Commissioner of Immigration.\\nSaiiuel Fairbanks,\\nAssistant Commissioner of Immi-\\ngration.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "COE TEIfTS.\\nCHAP. PAGE\\nI. Questions and Answers 11\\nII. Natural Divisions of Florida 17\\nHI. A Trip through the State with Commissioner\\nFrench .30\\nly. A Trip through North Florida with Captain\\nFairbanks 67\\nY. Jacksonville, Fernandina, and St. Augustine 92\\nYI.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The St. John s Eiver 107\\nYII. The Ocklawaha Eiver, Silver Springs, and Ocala 125\\nYIII. The Indian Eiver Eegion and the Inland Lakes 136\\nIX. The Gulf Coast and Key West 145\\nX. The Sanford Grant and Orange County 155\\nXr. Eandom Sketches.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 An Ocean Yoyage in Winter\\nthe Atlantic Coast of Florida the South-\\nwest Coast 173\\nXII. Climate and Health. Suggestions for Invalids 184\\nXIII. Eeteospective. An Historical Sketch 209\\nXI Y. Florida Folks and Families 225\\nXY. Orange-Culture 239\\nXVI. Other Tropical and Semi-tropical Fruits 252", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 CONTENTS.\\nCHAP. PAGE\\nXVII. Field and Faem Peoducts. Yegetable-Gaeden-\\niNG 264\\nXVIII.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Live-Stock .278\\nXIX.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FuE, Fin, and Feather 285\\nXX. Insects and Keptiles .290\\nXXI. Oppoetunities poe Laboe and Capital 294\\nXXII. A WoED OF Feiendly Advice to New-comees 298\\nXXIII. Kotites to and theough Floeida 303", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTEATIOlsrS.\\nPAGE\\nA Florida Orange-Grove Frontispiece.\\nLigMliouse on Florida Keys .18\\nHammocks .19\\nThe Banana .43\\nA Typical Country Hotel in Florida Ocklawaha House, Pendryville 46\\nA Pair of Crackers .55\\nView on the Escambia Kiver, near Pensacola TO\\nStreet-Scene in Pensacola .72\\nView of Bay from Shot Park, Navy- Yard ZS\\nSpecimens of Pensacola Fish 75\\nKuins of Fort McRae, with Fort Pickens in the Distance 76\\nFort Barrancas .77\\nStreet-Scene in Jacksonville 93\\nA Cluster of Palmettoes .97\\nStreet in St. Augustine .100\\nSt. Augustine Cathedral .102\\nThe Convent-Gate 103\\nEntrance to Fort Marion .105\\nMouth of the St. John s 109\\nMrs. Stowe s Residence .112\\nEntrance to Hart s Orange-Grove .114\\nForest on the Ocklawaha .126", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPAGE\\nA Kiver Post-Office .128\\nThe Lookout j29\\nSilver Spring .132\\nA Sudden Turn 133\\nLooking across Indian Eivcr 13Y\\nThe Cabbagc-Pahn .151\\nKey West 153\\nA Country Cart 2*^8\\nOut for a Drive 236\\nOrange-Trees 240\\nThe Fig 255\\nA Pineapple Plant .256\\nThe Date-Pahn 258\\nSugar-Mill ,266\\nA Cypress-Shingle Yard .273\\nFlorida Pine-Barrens 280\\nA Hunter s Camp 288", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "o i. j.:^Ldoy ine Diest and to the\\n^uuces nearly everything, with less expen-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "j^: .\u00e2\u0096\u00a0d./..^,,|.A-^,. i.-.jt", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "o^^ LIBBARY\\nFLORIDA\\nCHAPTER 1.\\nQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.\\nFlorida What kind of a place is it How does it\\nlook? What does it produce? What are the conditions\\nof success there? How do the people live? How do they\\nlike it These are a few of the multitude of questions\\nthat are eagerly showered upon a resident of this sunny,\\ngenial clime, when visiting the less favored regions of our\\ncountry.\\nThose who ask them commonly suppose that they can\\nbe answered as compendiously and precisely as the some-\\nwhat similar questions in a geographical text-book but,\\nunfortunately, this is not possible, and the numerous pages\\ncomprising the present volume are none too many to an-\\nswer them in full. In fact, it is for the sole purpose of\\nanswering these and similar inquiries that I have written\\nthe following book and I trust that, when he has finished\\nit, the reader will acquit me of having made any larger\\ndemands upon his attention than was necessary to the\\naccomplishment of this object. I might say, indeed, in\\nresponse to the first question, that it is a delightful place\\nto the second, that it looks like a region perpetually\\nbreathed upon by airs from Araby the blest and to the\\nother, that it produces nearly everything, with less expen-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3498", "width": "2321", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "12 FLORIDA.\\nditure of labor than is the case in any other portion of the\\nwide domain included within the United States. There\\nare few, however, who will be satisfied any longer with\\nsuch glittering generalities a surfeit of them having\\nalready been dealt out by previous writers on the subject\\nand my own aim has been to give as clearly and specifi-\\ncally as I can such information as may prove helpful to the\\nthree classes of readers to whom the book is addressed\\nthe tourist who comes for amusement, sight-seeing, or\\nsport the invalid who comes in search of that more ge-\\nnial climate which shall prolong his days in the land and,\\neven more especially, the settler whose aim is to make him-\\nself a home under pleasanter and more promising condi-\\ntions than those which he encounters on the stern soil or\\namid the harsh blasts of the northern sections of our coun-\\ntry.\\nFlorida has a history (as will be told in the chapter on\\nthat subject) that extends back to 1512, covering a period\\nof nearly four hundred years yet in spite of this, and in\\nspite, too, of its unequaled natural advantages, it has a\\nsmaller population, in proportion to its great size, than any\\nother State in the Union, except, jDerhaps, Nevada and\\nColorado. A constantly rising tide of immigration is now\\nflowing in, and there has been a surprising increase in the\\nnumber of inhabitants during the past ten years; but some\\nof the very choicest localities in the State are still in a\\nstate of nature, and there is room and verge enough for an\\nadditional million of busy and prosj^erous workers. For\\nFlorida is a very large State one of the largest in the\\nUnion with an area of nearly sixty thousand square miles;\\nand, in proportion to its size, it has as large an acreage of\\nproductive soil as any other, except the prairie States of\\nthe West. Many portions, no doubt, are ill adapted for\\nwhat are commonly regarded as the great staples of the\\ncountry but in the range and variety of its productions it", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "QUESTION S AND ANSWERS. IS\\nis hardly equaled, and is certainly not surpassed, by any\\nother section of equal area.\\nThis fact in regard to Florida is usually overlooked\\nby those who derive their ideas from the hasty conclusions\\nof transient winter visitors. Each so-called season wit-\\nnesses an influx of thousands of these visitors, in search of\\nhealth or on pleasure bent, usually wealthy, and equipped\\nwith more prejudices than their well-filled traveling-bags\\nwould contain. Their chief desire is to find an elegant\\nhotel, having all modern conveniences and, once estab-\\nlished there, to secure some cozy nook on a broad veran-\\nda, where they may watch the fruits and flowers growing\\nin the open air, breathe the soft, balmy air, and lazily en-\\njoy all the luxury and delights of June in January. For\\nrecreation, they ride to the nearest orange-groves, or in-\\ndulge in a moonlight sail, or, if a little more adventurous\\nand masculine, take a few quiet fishing-trips, or hunt\\nquail and duck. Once, at least, during their stay, they\\nmake the grand tour by the regulation route up the\\nSt. John s to Palatka, Enterprise, and Sanford, up the\\ndarkly-mysterious Ocklawaha (very few, on this excursion,\\neven leaving the boat), then down the river again and over\\nto St. Augustine, where the longest stay is apt to be made,\\nas its many points of interest and its animated social life\\nrender St. Augustine peculiarly attractive to the average\\npleasure-seeker. This, in the great majority of instances,\\nis the full extent of their study and observation of the char-\\nacteristics and resources of Florida and, such being the\\ncase, it can hardly be regarded as surprising that they should\\nrepresent it as a pleasant enough place of resort in Avinter\\nfor invalids, but a hot, unwholesome region in summer,\\npoor in soil, arid of aspect, the haunt of alligators, reptiles,\\nand insects, with nothing especially good in it but oranges.\\nIt need hardly be pointed out, however, that the true\\ncapabilities of a great State can not be dealt with ade-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "14: FLORIDA.\\nquately in this summary fashion and, as a matter of fact,\\nFlorida has a soil in which can be grown every variety of\\nfruit, flower, garden-vegetable, field-crop, or forest prod-\\nuct, that grows in any temperate or semi-tropical region\\nof the world. Every one has heard of its fabulous yield\\nof oranges, lemons, and the like and the stories told on\\nthis head are not always exaggerated. I have seen groves\\nof orange-trees which produced from two hundred to four\\nthousand dollars to the acre, and know of an acre of pine-\\napples that, within two years after, the trees were cleared\\nfrom its surface, yielded the owners (two bright young\\nIS ew York lads, by-the-way) eighteen hundred dollars.\\nBut these, and such as these, by no means exhaust the\\nlist of valuable products which Florida yields to the cul-\\ntivator. I have seen fields of wheat ripening in January\\nthat produced twenty-eight bushels to the acre corn that\\nproduced in the same month seventy bushels to the acre\\nsugar-cane that yielded one hundred and sixty dollars\\nnet profit to the acre common Irish potatoes producing\\ntwo hundred bushels to the acre fields of rice that paid\\na net profit of two hundred dollars an acre and cassava\\nthat netted a hundred and fifty dollars per acre. Water-\\nmelons and garden-vegetables grow rapidly, attain great\\nsize, are of excellent quality, and, where convenient to city\\nmarkets, or to lines of transportation, pay the producer\\nfrom one hundred to one thousand dollars per acre. Of\\ngarden-vegetables three and even four crops are some-\\ntimes taken from the same tract within twelve months\\nand of the entire list of strange or familiar farm and\\ngarden products, fruits, and flowers, you may, in a trip\\nthrough the State, find each and every one growing in\\nabundance. The largest peach-tree, undoubtedly, in Amer-\\nica, is near Orange City, in Yolusia County, with a spread\\nof branches over seventy feet in diameter\\nNor is this all. I have seen bean-vines in their third", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 15\\nyear bearing as vigorously as when first planted pears\\ngrowing on vines peas growing on trees and plants\\ngrowing on nothing at all the latter being the common\\nair-plants. Of live-stock, I have seen as large, fine, fat\\nswine, and as neat cattle and sheep, as in Vermont, New\\nYork, or Illinois and they can be raised and kept in\\ngood condition at so small a cost that comparison with\\nNorthern-raised stock is absurd.\\nThe climate of Florida in the winter months is simply\\ndelightful, and the summers are about as endurable as in\\nmost other portions of the United States. The summer\\nof 1880 was said by all to be the hottest for many years,\\nand the winter of 1880- 81 to be the coldest yet I can\\naffirm from the; sure basis of personal experience that they\\nwere both healthy and agreeable, even to a new-comer.\\nIt seems absolutely impossible that any human being, or\\nany living creature able to move about, should really suffer\\nfrom either cold or heat, or from hunger, in Florida. It\\nis asserted (and meets with no dispute) that no case of\\nstarvation, of freezing, of sunstroke, or of hydrophobia,\\nwas ever known in the State and local epidemics have\\nnever been heard of.\\nConsider the terribly cold weather of the long, dreary\\nwinter season throughout the North the suffering it\\ncauses the many deaths among the poor, perishing for\\nwant of a little friendly warmth. Consider also the cases\\nof sunstroke, the suffering and deaths caused directly or\\nindirectly by the heat, in those same regions during the\\nsummer and the still more sorrowful cases of actual star-\\nvation for lack of the plainest food in many of the large\\ncities. Then contemplate the advantages of this favored\\nclime, where food even such articles as are regarded as\\nluxuries in other localities may be had in abundance,\\nfor very little cost or labor, and where a genial tempera-\\nture prevails at all seasons", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "16 FLORIDA.\\nBut there is one thing to be remembered in connec-\\ntion with all this and it is forgotten oftener than would\\nbe supposed even Florida is not the garden of Eden, and\\na man can not live even here like the lilies of the field,\\nwhich toil not, neither do they si^in. Florida soil and\\nclimate can and will do a great deal but living without\\nlabor is not possible, and here as elsewhere the great law\\nprevails, that in the sweat of his brow shall man eat his\\nbread. The true advantage which Florida offers is, that\\nby little labor can much comfort be enjoyed, and the bet-\\nter directed the labor the greater the comfort. To those\\nwho have but little capital (or none), and who are anx-\\niously seeking for a home with all the comforts of life, I\\nbelieve that this State offers the best chances of any in\\nour country.\\nFinally, as a compendious answer to the many inqui-\\nries upon the subject that have come to my knowledge,\\nI would say that a settler in Florida whether he comes\\nas a capitalist, as a farmer, or as a laborer can live with\\nmore ease and personal comfort, can live more cheaply,\\ncan enjoy more genuine luxuries, can obtain a greater in-\\ncome from a. smaller investment and by less labor, and can\\nsooner secure a competency, than in any other accessible\\nportion of North America.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER 11.\\nNATURAL DIVISIONS OF FLORIDA.\\nAs I have already remarked, Florida is a very large\\nState, containing nearly sixty thousand square miles (59,-\\n268). From north to south it stretches 450 miles from a\\ntemperate to a tropical clime. Washed along its entire\\neastern border by the equable waters of the Gulf Stream,\\nwhich always pours its pure salt breezes over the peninsula,\\nand by the tropically warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico\\non much of its western boundary, it possesses a variety of\\nclimate, soil, and products, such as can be found nowhere\\nelse save in Italy, which enjoys a similarity of geographi-\\ncal conditions.\\nThough its extreme length from the Perdido River to\\nCape Sable is about 700 miles, its average breadth is less\\nthan 90 miles, and in shape it is a long and narrow penin-\\nsula, extending southward into the Atlantic and pointing\\ntoward Cuba, Havana being only 110 miles from Key\\nWest. On the southeast it is separated from the Bahamas\\nby the Straits of Florida. The peninsula proper termi-\\nnates on the south in Cape Sable but a remarkable chain\\nof rocky islets, known as the Florida Keys, begins at Cape\\nFlorida on the eastern shore, extends southwestward nearly\\n200 miles, and ends in the cluster of sand-heaped rocks\\ncalled the Tortugas, from the great number of turtles for-\\nmerly frequenting them. South of the bank on which the\\nKeys rise, and separated fi:om them by a navigable channel,\\nis the narrow and dangerous coral ridge known as the Flor-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "18 FLORIDA.\\nida Reef. The entire State is comprised between latitude\\n24\u00c2\u00b0 30 and 31\u00c2\u00b0 north, and longitude 80\u00c2\u00b0 and 87\u00c2\u00b0 45 west.\\nLiGiiiiioLSE ON Florida KE\\\\b.\\nIn the aggregate Florida possesses a coast-line of more\\nthan 1,150 miles, but on this long stretch of seaboard there\\nare only a few good harbors. The principal on the Atlan-\\ntic coast are St. Augustine, Fernandina, Port Orange, and\\nJacksonville (on the St. John s River) those on the Gulf\\ncoast are Pensacola, Appalachicola, St. Mark s, Cedar Keys,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "liATURAL DIVISIONS.\\n19\\nTampa, Charlotte Harbor, and Key West. The latter is\\none of the most important naval stations of the republic,\\nowing to its commanding situation at the entrance of the\\nmost frequented passage into the Gulf of Mexico. The\\nchief rivers are the St. John s, which furnishes nearly 1,000\\nmiles of water navigation the Indian River, a long, nar-\\nrow lagoon on the eastern coast the Ocklawaha, the Appa-\\nlachicola, the Ocklockonnee, the Perdido, the Suwanee,\\nand the St. Mary s. The Withlacoochee, which discharges", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20 FLORIDA.\\nits waters into tlie Gulf, is an important stream, as are also\\nPeace Creek, which falls into Charlotte Harbor, and the\\nCaloosahatchie, which empties into the Gulf still farther\\nsouth. Kissimraee River, connecting several of the smaller\\nlakes with Lake Okechobee, is also a navigable stream.\\nThe surface of the State is generally level, the greatest\\nelevation being but little more than 500 feet above the sea,\\nand this being attained in only a few places. The lands\\nare classified as high-hammock, low-hammock, savanna,\\nswamp, and pine. The hammocks vary from a few acres\\nto thousands of acres in extent, and are found in all parts\\nof the peninsula. They are usually covered with a dense\\ngrowth of red, live, and water oak, magnolia, gum, hick-\\nory, and dogwood and when cleared they afford a soil of\\nalmost inexhaustible fertility. The savannas are rich allu-\\nvial tracts on the margins of streams, or lying in detached\\nareas, yielding largely, but requiring ditching and diking\\nin ordinary seasons. Except in the hammocks, the soil is\\ngenerally sandy and apt to be poor. Numerous lakes dot\\nthe surface of the interior, the largest being Lake Oke-\\nchobee, which is said to cover an area of more than 650\\nsquare miles. Perhaps the most remarkable geographical\\nfeature of the State is the immense tract of marsh or lake\\nfilled with islands, in the southern part of the peninsula,\\ncalled the Everglades (by the Indians grass-water It\\nis about 60 miles long by 60 broad, covering most of the\\nterritory south of Lake Okechobee, and is impassable dur-\\ning the rainy reason, from July to October. The islands\\nwith which its surface is studded vary from one fourth\\nof an acre to hundreds of acres in extent, and are usually\\nentangled in dense thickets of shrubbery or vines. The\\nwater of the lake is from one to six feet deep, and the bot-\\ntom is covered with a growth of rank grass which, rising\\nabove the surface, gives it the deceptive appearance of a\\nboundless prairie. Another noteworthy feature of Florida", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "NATURAL DIVISIONS. 21\\nare the subterranean streams which undermine the rotten-\\nlimestone formation, creating numerous cavities in the\\nground that are locally known as sinks. These are in-\\nverted conical hollows, or tunnels, varying in extent from a\\nfew yards to several acres, at the bottom of which running\\nwater often appears.\\nThe foregoing is a rapid summary of the geographical\\nor cyclopedic descriptions that are usually given of Flor-\\nida, and it is as accurate, perhaps, as such sweeping gen-\\neralizations can be expected to be yet when taken too lit-\\nerally these descriptions are not only inadequate, but mis-\\nleading. For the truth is, that there are three kinds of\\nFlorida three Floridas, so to speak each distinct in soil,\\nclimate, and productions and it is because of this that the\\npeople of other sections, as they read about the State in\\nshort newspaper sketches, or in pamphlets published in the\\ninterests of some special locality, are apt to draw erroneous\\ninferences. For instance, the winter of 1880- 81 was ex-\\nceptionally severe everywhere, making itself felt even in\\nFlorida and the Northern and foreign reader, learning\\nthat fruits were destroyed, garden-crops hopelessly ruined,\\noranges frozen on the trees by thousands, in fact that cold\\nand frost played havoc in Florida as well as elsewhere,\\ndoubtless came to the conclusion that it was not much of a\\ntropical State after all. Well, these things happened, just\\nas reported. The frost came, and immense damage was\\ndone, and much loss inflicted. Yet the fact is that the sec-\\ntion thus visited included but a small portion of the State\\nonly the northern and a portion of middle Florida. A\\nlarge portion of the State was not and never is visited\\nby frosts that kill. So that, while the reports were true,\\nthey were not the whole truth, and there were many dis-\\ntricts to which they did not apply at all.\\nThe three natural divisions under which Florida must\\nbe described, if it is to be described accurately, may be", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22 FLORIDA.\\nclassified as the Northern or Temperate, the Semi-tropical,\\nand the Tropical.\\nNorthern Florida, especially the western section of it,\\nin soil, productions, and general appearance, closely resem-\\nbles regions much farther north. It is a land of live-stock,\\nof corn, wheat, cotton, cane, jute, rice, ramie, potatoes, ap-\\nples, grapes, peaches, figs, in fact all the products of fields,\\nforests, and gardens of a northern clime, with a few of the\\nhardier of southern products. The tropical banana, pine-\\napple, etc., do not grow there, nor the orange or lemon, as\\na crop for profit. Its soil is excellent its surface is rolling\\nand hilly, with grand forests, rocks, springs, and streams\\nand the roads are firm and good. It is not tropical, but is\\nvery picturesque and home-like, and, to the Northern visit-\\nor, is the most agreeable portion of the State. Better live-\\nstock, or crops, can not be produced in the world, in great-\\ner abundance, or with less expense and labor, than grow\\nhere but they are not tropical crops. Such is Northern\\nFlorida, where frosts and cold snaps are not only possi-\\nble, but frequently occur.\\nMiddle Florida is that j)ortion of the State lying be-\\ntween the twenty-eighth and thirtieth parallels, and may\\nbe termed Semi-tropical Florida. It is the region where\\nmany of the products of both the temperate and the tropi-\\ncal climes may be found growing side by side where the\\norange, lemon, fig, guava, citron, grape, and all garden-\\nvegetables, may be found growing, for profit, in the open\\nair, all the year round. It is where cotton, cane, rice, and\\nall field-crops pay best, and where wheat, corn, and live-\\nstock are noticeably less productive than a little farther\\nnorth. The soil here is mostly of a sandy character, and\\nbegins to have the characteristic appearance of a tropical\\nsoil while the surface is generally flat and uninteresting,\\nwith occasional slightly rolling tracts. There are but few\\nstreams or lakes, except in the central portion ^known to", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "STATURAL DIVISIONS. 23\\ntlie residents as tlie Orange Lake region where there are\\nseveral quite large-sized lakes, which are of very attractive\\nappearance.\\nLarge orange-groves are found growing in all parts of\\nthis region, and thousands of trees are being set out\\nyearly. Hundreds of the settlers there especially along\\nthe line of the Transit Railroad (that runs from Fernan-\\ndina to Cedar Keys) and its branches in the vicinity of\\nStarke, Waldo, Gainesville, and of Ocala and Leesburg,\\nare engaged in raising vegetables of all kinds for the\\nNorthern markets. Thousands of crates of green peas,\\ntomatoes, beans, cucumbers, onions, cabbages, cauliflower,\\nspinach, celery, lettuce, beets, etc., and car-loads of water-\\nmelons, are gathered and shipped to all points IsTorth in\\nJanuary, February, March, and April. It is an industry\\nthat has, in a few years, grown to great proportions, and,\\nwhen the season is at all favorable, repays those engaged\\nhandsomely. In many cases profits of several hundreds\\nof dollars (upward of a thousand dollars are known of in\\nseveral cases) have been made in a single season, from an\\nacre or but little more, of some special crop, that for-\\ntunately ripened and reached the market at the right\\nmoment. Strawberries here grow abundantly, and with\\nproper care and culture yield immense crops, repaying\\nwonderful profits. I know of several cases where the\\nclear profit, netted from about an acre, was almost fabu-\\nlous. This is rapidly becoming a leading crop or industry\\nof the State.\\nSemi-tropical Florida, while not very attractive in\\nscenery, probably produces the greatest variety of mar-\\nketable and profitable crops of any region in our country.\\nAlthough the hardier field-crops of the North, such as\\nwheat, corn, etc., and the more delicate fruit-products of\\nthe extreme South, like the banana, pineapple, etc., do not\\ngrow well in this region, yet the variety of the vegetable\\n2", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24 FLORIDA.\\nkingdom, including the hardiest of the Southern and the\\ntender est of the Northern crops, is so great that the land\\nwill always produce paying crops in one form or another.\\nAs transportation facilities increase, the opportunities and\\nadvantages will multiply for the crops of this region\\nare grown in that season, and are of that kind, that they\\nmust be at once placed in the hands of the consumer.\\nWithout entering into a lengthy description of its\\nclimate or physical features, I may say that it is a healthy\\nregion, and that game and fish are plentiful. There is but\\none unpleasant feature to mar its numerous advantages\\nit is liable to frosts. They may come any winter and\\nmay not in a dozen years but a visit, when it comes, is\\nvery apt to destroy your hopes of profit for that season.\\nOf oranges and such fruits, in this semi-tropical belt, the\\nfarther south the better every mile north is a step toward\\ngreater risk. You can not get too far south that is, if\\nyou find good soil but you can easily get too far north,\\neven for semi-tropical products.\\nSouth Florida comprises all that region of mainland\\nand innumerable keys or islands, great and small, lying\\nsouth of the twenty-eighth parallel, and is the really, truly\\ntropical Florida the Italy, the Spain, the Egypt, of the\\nUnited States. In this region frosts rarely come, and\\nevery fruit, flower, shrub, plant, or product, that grows in\\nany tropical region of the world grows, or can be grown,\\nhere. Either on its Atlantic, breezy, rocky coast its hot,\\n.torrid, south end shores, or its balmy Gulf coast, or within\\nits vast interior the famous Everglades region in all\\nthese prolific, tropical soils can something of profit be\\ngrown though, of course, the farther south the more\\nsurely can the really tropical products be counted upon.\\nIt is the region of the pineapple, banana, cocoanut, guava,\\nsugar-apple, bread-fruit, sugar-cane, almond, fig, olive, and\\nall the innumerable list of tropical fruits.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "NATURAL niVISIONS. 25\\nThe great Everglades region includes mucli of the\\nmainland of this part of the State. It is not a swampy\\nregion, but is a flat, prairie country very much like Illi-\\nnois, only this is covered with clear, pure water for thou-\\nsands of square miles, from three to thirty inches deep,\\nand studded with islands that have a dense growth of\\npalmetto, cypress, pine, bay, cedar, oak, hickory, gum,\\nmagnolia, and all such timbers. These island fastnesses,\\nby-the-way, are the homes of the remnant of the once\\npowerful Seminole Indians. A contract has recently been\\nmade, and ratified by the State, for the drainage of this\\nvast region, which, if successfully performed, will open up\\nfor settlement millions of acres of the richest and most\\nv^aluable sugar and cotton lands in the world.\\nThe regions along the coasts generally contain the best\\nsoil for the production of vegetables and fruits. It is\\nalso in these localities that the sand-fly, gnat, mosquito,\\nand such pestiferous insects are most abundant. But even\\nhere there are months when they are not troublesome it\\nis during the midsummer months when they are worst,\\nand it is the fact that right in those localities there are\\nplaces perfectly free from all the insects that infest other\\nplaces. The coasts, especially on the Atlantic, are very\\nrocky, and the scenery is in general exceedingly tropical\\nand interesting. The woods, fields, air, lakes, bays, and\\nrivers are filled with fur, fin, and feather, flesh and fowl,\\noysters, turtles, and fruits. The metropolis of all this\\nregion is Key West, itself on an island just off the south-\\nern extremity of the peninsula and other prominent\\nplaces are Indian River, Lake Worth, Key Biscayne Bay,\\nFlorida Bay, Cape Sable, Whitewater Bay, Oyster Bay,\\nCharlotte Harbor, and Tampa Bay.\\nThis is the region to go to for purely tropical products\\nand for the benefits of a summer climate in winter but\\nas a place for a continued residence the entire year, it will", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26 FLORIDA.\\nnot be desirable until many more settlers move in. It is\\ntoo lonely, and the means of transportation are too few\\nand irregular but all who live in those regions are quite\\nunanimous in asserting that the climate is pleasant all the\\nyear, and I have reason to believe life is just as pleasant\\nthere in all seasons as anywhere, except for the lack of\\nsociety and transportation above mentioned. If large set-\\ntlements, towns, and cities were founded there, and regular\\ncommunication opened, it would be one of the most de-\\nlightful regions of America, healthy and agreeable, while\\nthe products of its salt-water coast, fresh-water lakes and\\nrivers, fields, gardens, and groves would furnish to man-\\nkind, at all seasons, the best and most delicious of all\\nfoods that human nature craves.\\nLike all other tropical countries. Tropical Florida has\\nits wet and dry seasons.* The wet or rainy season is dur-\\ning midsummer, which has a tendency to cool the atmos-\\nphere, and render the summer months cooler than they are in\\nthe more northern portions of the State or in other portions\\nof the South. During the rainy season nearly the whole\\ncountry is flooded, the country being so flat and level that\\nthe water does not flow off readily. A great portion of the\\ncountry requires ditching and draining, and, when some\\nsystematic method shall be adopted to let off the surplus\\nwater during the rainy season, this portion of the State will\\nprove the most productive part of the South. It has but\\nfew swamps or marshes, unless you consider the Everglades\\na marsh. The Alpativkee Swamp, upon the head- waters of\\nthe St. Lucie River, is the only swamp of any magnitude in\\nTropical Florida, and this part of the State has less swamps\\nthan northern Wisconsin or Michigan. The country east\\nand south of the St. John s River has more swamps than any\\nother part of the State through which I have traveled.\\nThey are principally covered with cypress-timber, and, be-\\ning easy of access from the St. Johns and Indian Rivers,\\nare valuable. There are fine lands upon Halifax River and\\nThe following paragraphs are abridged from a report prepared by o,\\nresident at the request of the Commissioner of the Bureau of Immigration.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "NATURAL DIVISIONS. 27\\nMosquito Lagoon, which, at a former period, were under cul-\\ntivation, but were abandoned during the Indian war by their\\nowners. All that portion of the State which I have denom-\\ninated Tropical Florida is capable of producing oranges,\\nlemons, limes, arrow-root, cassava, indigo. Sisal-hemp, sugar-\\ncane, sea-island cotton, rice, figs, melons of all kinds, as well\\nas the vegetables grown in the more northern States. The\\ncountry around Charlotte Harbor and Biscayne Bay is sus-\\nceptible of producing cocoanuts, cacao, pineapples, gua-\\nvas, coffee, bananas, plantains, alligator pears, and all the\\nfruits and plants of the West Indies. The rich lands which\\nskirt the savannas upon the coast side are covered with\\nrotten limestone, and have mixed with the vegetable matter\\nto that extent that the soil will effervesce as soon as it comes\\nin contact with acids. These savannas are valuable for\\nsugar-plantations, as the sugar-cane requires a large per-\\ncentage of lime, and the climate is so mild that the cane\\nwill not require planting oftener than once in ten or twelve\\nyears. The Palma Christie or castor-bean, is here perennial,\\nand grows to be quite a tree. I saw a number as large\\nas peach-trees twenty feet high. Sea-island cotton seems\\nto be a perennial in this section of the State, and is of a fine\\nquality. Live-oak, yellow pine, cabbage-tree, and mangrove\\nare the most abundant forest-trees, though formerly a good\\ndeal of fustic, mahogany, lignum- vitae, and braziletto was to\\nbe met with but these valuable species of timber have\\nbeen so much in demand for ship-building and commerce\\nthat trees of any size are rare. The most formidable obsta-\\ncle the farmer meets in preparing ground for cultivation is\\nthe saw-palmetto {Chconmrops serrulata), with plated pal-\\nmate fronds and sharply sen-ate stipes. The roots cover\\nthe surface of the ground, and are removed by the slow\\nprocess of the grubbing-hoe. Several species of this genus\\nof palm afforded the Florida tribes food, wine, sugar, fruit,\\ncabbage, fans, darts, ropes, and cloth. Some have good\\nfruit, like plums others austere, like dates. They are now\\nchiefly used to make hats, fans, baskets, and mats, with the\\nleaves.\\nThe land bordering on the Caloosahatchie River and its\\ntributaries is accessible by vessels drawing not more than\\nsix feet, and contains enough live-oak to supply the navy\\nof the United States for a quarter of a century. Other val-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28 FLO BID A.\\nliable timber for sbip-building is found in the same locality.\\nSuch being the natural advantages which invite enterprise\\nto this quarter, there can be no doubt that, when its agri-\\ncultural resources are more generally understood, southern\\nFlorida will be covered with a dense population of thrifty\\nfarmers. Cuba, with almost a corresponding climate, has\\nseveral hundred plants which serve as a basis to her agri-\\nculture, such as grains, farinaceous roots, edible seeds, veg-\\netables, salads, sauces, and fruits the great staples of ex-\\nportation sugar, coffee, and tobacco plants for dyes,\\nyielding oil, suitable for cordage or cloth, yielding gums\\nand resins, good for tanning grasses and woods employed\\nin various uses, l^ow, it is well known that most of the\\nproductions of Cuba are growing in south Florida, and,\\nwith cultivation, might be made to rival those of that cele-\\nbrated island. Sea-island cotton of a fine quality has been\\nproduced in the very center of the peninsula. Florida sur-\\npasses Cuba in variety and delicacy of vegetable culture.\\nAt all seasons of the year beets, onions, egg-plants, carrots,\\nlettuce, celery, etc., are produced with the most indifferent\\nculture, while everything that grows upon vines is in abun-\\ndance and in great perfection. Cabbages and Irish pota-\\ntoes, if planted in October, produce well. The former have\\nbeen grown at Fort Myers, a single head weighing forty\\npounds. Cattle, hogs, and poultry increase astonishingly.\\nBesides the above, tobacco, pindars, cow-peas, and Irish\\npotatoes yield abundantly.\\nThe prairie lands are immense meadows, clothed with\\nluxuriant verdure, interspersed with clumps of oak-trees\\nand palmettoes of from five to ten acres each. These lands\\nare looked upon as inferior for agricultural purposes, and\\nare subject to periodical inundations during the summer\\nseason i. e., from the beginning of June to the 25th of\\nAugust. They are the favorite resort of vast herds of cat-\\ntle and game, which roam and graze upon the fragrant herb-\\nage. The estimate of the amount of cattle is from 150,-\\n000 to 200,000 head, thereby forming one of the principal\\nproducts of the country. Stock-cattle sell for five dollars\\nper head, and beef -cattle from nine to thirteen dollars per\\nhead. Hogs also do well, and, when strict attention is paid\\nto them, pay well. I have known and heard of several\\ninstances in which the common woods-hog, two and a half", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "NATURAL DIVISIONS. 29\\nyears old, weighed from 400 to 500 pounds gross. Sheep\\nand colts, with the natural advantages that this country-\\npossesses, could be made profitable. The forest abounds in\\ngame, such as bears, panthers, deer, cats, raccoons, squir-\\nrels, and turkeys, and the lakes and rivers afford innumer-\\nable multitudes of fish and waterfowl. There are also nu-\\nmerous small lakes of pure water, some of which are only\\na few rods in extent, while others are from two to ten miles\\nin length, filled with fish. These prairies are the paradise\\nof the herdsman and the hunter. The cattle require no\\nfeeding during the winter, and one can hardly travel over\\nthe prairies a whole day without seeing from fifty to one\\nhundred deer.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER III.\\nA TOUE OF THE STATE WITH THE COMMISSIONER OF IMMI-\\nGRATIOIsT.\\nIn the midwinter of 18T9- 80 the Hon. Setli French^\\nState Commissioner of Immigration, decided to make an\\nofficial tour tlirougli the southern and middle regions of\\nthe State, for the purpose of better informing himself as\\nto the general character of the people, the soil, the prod-\\nucts, and the facilities for transportation. He kindly in-\\nvited the writer to ciccompany him, and the invitation was\\ngladly accepted. It was a very extensive tour, and gave\\nus an unusually excellent opportunity to fully acquaint\\nourselves with a very large section of the State. Mr.\\nFrench known to all his friends as Dr. French is a na-\\ntive of New York, but v^as for many years a resident of\\nWisconsin. He is a man of wealth, liberal education, fine\\npresence and address, social disposition, thoroughly inter-\\nested in his duties, and an enthusiast about Florida in\\nall respects just the man for the peculiar and responsible\\nposition which he then held.\\nAt noon of one rainy day late in January, we took\\npassage at Jacksonville on the old, small, odd-looking but\\nexcellent steamer Volusia, commanded by young Captain\\nLund. It is an up-river steamer, an old-timer, built esj^e-\\ncially for navigating the narrow, crooked channel of the\\nfar-np St. John s. The steamer was crowded with passen-\\ngers, including an elderly lady and her husband, from\\nNew England a Massachusetts school-ma rm a lady with", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF TEE STATE. 31\\na daughter of about sixteen, from Ohio and a ladj resid-\\ning in Jacksonville, with three small children and a nurse.\\nThe latter was on an excursion-trip, up and return and\\nthose three children, that is to say, the two eldest boys,\\nkept the entire party in an uneasy fidget for fear that they\\nwould or wouldn t get drowned.\\nThe morning of the third day found us in Lake Jessup,\\nand from this point the trip was novel as well as interest-\\ning.* The St, John s above Lake Monroe (twelve miles\\nbelow Lake Jessup) is little more than a narrow and very\\ncrooked creek. Passing out of Lake Jessup, we at once\\nentered this narrow stream, and found ourselves in a re-\\ngion differing wholly from any other portion of the St.\\nJohn s country. It is a fiat, level region of savannas, much\\nresembling the vast prairies of Illinois. In all directions\\nthe eye ranges to the horizon, with nothing to break the\\nmonotony. But though monotonous, it is not uninterest-\\ning. These savannas, or j)rairies, are everywhere densely\\ncovered with luxuriant growths of marshy grasses and\\nmaiden-cane (the latter a tall, slender, waving growth of\\nthe sugar-cane species, in appearance closely resembling\\nfields of wheat, ten to fifteen feet high), with occasional\\nclumps of timber, consisting sometimes of but three or\\nfour trees, and sometimes being several acres in extent.\\nThe trees are nearly or quite all of palmetto, and lend a\\ndistinctively tropical apj)earance to the scenery. They\\nmuch resemble small islands dotted over the surface of a\\ngreat lake.\\nThroughout that entire region were to be seen hun-\\ndreds of cattle grazing on the rich vegetation, which is\\nsaid to be greatly liked by them, and very fattening. One\\nherd alone, owned by J. M. Lanier, numbers over twenty\\nthousand head, and there are several other herds fully\\nThe lower St. John s is fully described in another chapter.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "32 FLORIDA.\\nas large. The scene, too, was enlivened by hundreds of\\nstorks, cranes, curlews of all gay colors pelicans, herons,\\nflamingoes, and water-turkeys, nearly all varieties being\\nlarge, long-legged, long-necked, and long-billed, in gay-\\ncolored or snow-white plumage, all quite strange, and cu-\\nriously interesting to the Northern visitor. Everywhere\\nthey could be seen standing in motionless meditation or,\\nif the boat approached too close, they would rise in a sin-\\ngularly graceful manner, and wheel off into the distance.\\nThe water everywhere was alive with ducks of several\\nvarieties, and numbering millions, probably, while alliga-\\ntors were very plentiful. This, indeed, is the real home\\nof these great, hideous, but always interesting saurians\\nhere are the largest size, the monsters of the race often\\nof ten to fifteen feet in length. This portion of the river\\nis, in fact, but little traveled. Only five or six small\\nsteamers ply upon its waters, and it is seldom that more\\nthan two steamers pass a given point in one day so the\\nbeasts and reptiles that haunt it are but little disturbed,\\nand thrive unmolested by mankind.\\nThe stream is so narrow that the little steamer, only\\nabout twenty feet wide, often brushed the tall cane on\\nboth sides as it passed along. Now and then it seemed as\\nif the boat was traveling on land, as it came to some\\nsharp bends and pushed its way through the tall grasses\\nalmost overarching above. And the channel is so crooked\\nthat in many places the steamer would have to plow its\\nnose into the bank, let the stern swing around a little,\\nwhile a small boat, rowed by two stout deck-negroes, would\\ntow the head around the sharp bend. After hours of\\ntravel, we could look back, and within one or two miles\\ndistance see the outlines of the stream zigzagging across\\nto the right and left, like a great letter S. At one point\\nwe could see across five of these curves within a distance\\nof two miles. At intervals the stream widens into broad,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "TOUE OF THE STATE. 33\\nshallow lakes, full of fish and covered with ducks. These\\nlakes are the paradise of alligators, fish, birds, and cattle.\\nLate in the afternoon it was supper-time we arrived\\nat Salt Lake, the end of our journey by the boat, having\\ntraveled a distance of three hundred and eleven miles by\\nwater, or about one hundred and forty-five miles in a di-\\nrect line, from Jacksonville.\\nSalt Lake is a small lake, or series of connected ponds\\nprairie on all but the east side, which has a heavy growth\\nof timber, the commencement of a forest that covers the\\nintervening country to the Indian River. On the shore\\nwas a solitary cabin, the depot of the mule-power, wooden-\\nrailed road over to Titusville. We anchored some distance\\nfrom the shore, for the water was too shallow for the little\\nsteamer to go close in. At once several of the passengers\\ntook the small boat and went fishing, having a grand suc-\\ncess. In a half -hour, five men caught upward of forty-five\\nfine, large fish. Others continued shooting away at the ducks\\nall around us, killing great numbers, that were brought in\\nby the small boats. Many passengers had been shooting\\nat ducks (and alligators) all day most of the ducks were\\npicked up by a little Mexican, a member of the crew, who\\nfollowed along behind in the row-boat, for the steamer\\ngoes slowly there, and he took advantage of short cuts.\\nThe next morning w^as beautiful all were up early,\\nand soon the car was seen at the shore cabin. Then two\\nor three negro laborers poled a large lighter out to the\\nsteamer, and we were soon seated in the curious vehicle.\\nWe met here a party of several tourist-sportsmen return-\\ning from a fishing, turtling, hunting-trip on Indian River\\nalso on the lighter was a cargo of about eighty monster\\nsea-green turtles, their weight marked on their backs.\\nThese were on their way to the leading hotels of the\\nNorth. Turtle-soup to-day was their final epitaph.\\nThe journey on this primitive sort of railroad was", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "34 FLORIDA.\\nthrougli a flat or slightly rolling country, timbered with\\npine, palmetto, and oak, and it was enlivened by the car\\ngetting off the track two or three times, caused by the\\nbreaking of the old wooden rails. On such occasions the\\nmale passengers would cheerfully assist the very good-\\nnatured conductor to replace the car and hunt up and\\nlay a fresh rail. All were in good-humor, and seemed to\\nconsider it a part of the business of the trip a sort of\\nside-show entertainment, Titusville, eight miles from the\\nboat-landing on Salt Lake, was reached early in the fore-\\nnoon, and we were at last on the Indian River. The\\ntown, or settlement, is the county-seat of Brevard County,\\nand has about one hundred and fifty inhabitants. It con-\\ntains two very neat, well-kept hotels (the Lund House and\\nthe Titus House), two or three small stores or shops,\\na warehouse, and about fifty dwelling-houses. The land\\nthereabout is flat, and appears to be rather poor, although\\nwe saw excellent vegetables, and a great abundance of\\nflowers, growing in the gardens of its vicinity. Across\\nthe river it is really a sound, for it has no current, and\\nhas a slight tidal action about a mile wide here, is a strip\\nof land, and beyond this is the ocean. This strip of land\\nvaries from a half-mile to two miles in width, alternates\\nin poorest sand-tracts and richest hammocks, where the\\nmost prolific crops grow, and is alive with game. Here,\\nwithout much looking, may be found bears, deer, cougars,\\nwild-cats, panthers, and the wily lynx.\\nThe town with its surroundings is quite troj)ical in ap-\\npearance. The Titus Hotel in particular is built in what\\nmay be called the tropical style a large main building\\nwith two long wings, all one story high, forming three\\nsides of a square neatly laid out in a garden, and with\\nthe rooms opening oif of the wide verandas like a row of\\nhouses in a city block. The table at once convinces the\\nguest that he is in a tropical region, the meats being", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 35\\nprincipally oysters, clams, fish, sL ark-steaks, turtle-steaks,\\netc., with many strange and familiar fruits and vegeta-\\nbles, all tropical, and fresh in January. Colonel H. T.\\nTitus is a noted character, once of great notoriety all over\\nthe country, as the fiercest antagonist of old John Brown,\\nthe Harper s Ferry Brown. These two, with their follow-\\ners, had many desperate conflicts in the early days of\\nbleeding Kansas history. Colonel Titus is now old, a\\nhelpless invalid, and, curiously enough, is an uncompro-\\nmising partisan of the political party which he so des-\\nperately fought in its earlier history.*\\nEarly the next forenoon, Dr. French, Mr. Churchill,\\nand myself, embarked on the trim yacht Mist for a trip\\nto the sugar-plantation of Mr. Perry E. Wager, situated\\non a lagoon on Banana Creek, six miles southeast of Titus-\\nville. It was a delightful day, and the scenery was beau-\\ntiful, with clear waters and myriads of ducks and strange\\nbirds pelicans, storks, herons, etc.\\nAbout noon we arrived at the plantation, and as Mr.\\nWager and the Doctor were old friends, we were all soon\\ndiscussing an abundant dinner, after which we walked\\nover the sugar-cane patch of ten acres. It was located\\nin a clearing of gigantic oaks, magnolias, etc., interspersed\\nwith wild-orange trees laden with fruit, palmettoes, and\\nthe like, and covered with great vines a jungle-scene of\\nthe most tropical kind. The soil was jet-black, and evi-\\ndently of great fertility. Mr. Wager remarked that the\\nbears and deer gave him much trouble by getting into\\nhis cane, of which they are very fond. A walk through\\nthe cane was something like a scramble through an Illinois\\ncornfield, only worse, because the cane-stalks were fifteen\\nto twenty feet tall, large as your wrist, and often curled\\nand bent, making it like climbing through a snake\\nSince this was written Colonel Titus has died.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "36 FLORIDA.\\nfence to proceed. We cut three stalks of the cane, each\\ntwenty-one feet long, and they had fifty-two, fifty-four,\\nand fifty-five joints respectively. The reader must bear in\\nmind that each joint represents an increased value of the\\ncane for sugar, and that on the famous sugar-plantations\\nof Louisiana a stalk ten feet in height, or even eight, with\\nfifteen joints, is regarded as something to boast of.\\nHere the planter is not obliged, by fear of frost, to cut\\nall the crop at one date, thus requiring a large, hastily\\ncollected force and much expense but he can employ\\nthree or four hands, one at the mill, one at the sirup-\\nkettle, and two to cut and haul, and with this small force\\ncan make sugar all the year round. Nor does the cane\\nrequire annual planting or cultivation, hoeing, etc., but\\nthey cut the stalks close to the ground, strip off the leaves\\n(which are much like corn-blades), and thickly cover the\\nground with them, thus keeping down the weeds, and\\nsecuring, as they decay, a rich compost. The roots soon\\nrattoon, and no fresh planting is needed for ten or twen-\\nty years.\\nThe sirup of fresh cane is very sweet (to me it was\\nslightly sickish) and how the bears, hogs, and darkeys\\ndo love it It is very fattening, and a darkey on a sugar-\\nplantation is always noticeable for his fat, oily appearance.\\nMr. Wager grinds his cane in a mill of three iron rollers,\\nworked by a mule, and boils the extracted juice into sirup\\nin a large, shallow kettle, the same as is used in making\\nmaple-sugar. With the labor of three negroes, he is able\\nto net about sixteen hundred dollars from ten acres.\\nReturning to Titusville, we embarked next day on the\\nsame yacht for a journey down the Indian River. It\\nwas a hazy, soft, dreamy, delicious sort of day, and, as\\nthe boat bowled along with a pleasant breeze, we qui-\\netly and indolently enjoyed it. At noon we landed at the\\nhome of Captain W. H. Sharpe, a very agreeable gentle-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 37\\nman from Georgia, with a Yankee wife, who entertained\\nus hospitably, and showed us his thrifty young orange-\\ngrove and cane-field. After an excellent dinner, Captain\\nSharpe and Dr. Holmes, an Ohio gentleman, now residing\\nhere, joined our party and, a bushel of oranges being\\nput on board, we continued on our journey, reaching\\nRock Ledge late in the afternoon of a wonderfully in-\\nteresting day. Here we landed and accepted the warmly\\nproffered hospitalities of Mr. A. L. Hatch. He came here\\nseveral years ago from Mississippi, in search of health,\\nfound it, and in this charming spot is rapidly creating a\\nfine home. He is an enthusiast about Florida, and is a\\nzealous student of the culture of fruits and flowers. We\\nall took an extensive stroll over his lawns, gardens, and\\nfields, and it was like a visit to a botanical or horticult-\\nural museum, so great is the variety of plants growing\\nthere. An evening long to be remembered was enjoyed\\non his veranda, smoking, hearing of tropical Florida, and\\nwatching the full moon rising across the waters, that\\nglittered like silver, while the intervening lawn showed\\nstrangely with aloes (or century -plants), palmettoes, oaks\\nfestooned with gray mosses, and multitudinous fiowers.\\nRock Ledge is twenty miles south of Titusville, and\\ntwo and a half from Lake Winder, where the St. John s\\nRiver steamers are taken, and freight is shipped to Jack-\\nsonville, four hundred and twenty-three miles distant, or\\none hundred and sixty on an air-line. Of course the\\nsteamers are the diminutive kind, such as I have before\\ndescribed.\\nFrom Rock Ledge to Xew York is about seventy hours\\ntravel. The place derives its name from a formation of\\ncoquina-rock along the shore there, and is a very pleas-\\nant locality, with a good class of settlers, some forty in\\nall. But I think they have placed the price of their lands\\ntoo high. One hundred dollars per acre for a site on the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "38 FLORIDA.\\nriver is too high for the average immigrant, especially\\nwhere the land is uncleared and unimproved. It may be\\nworth it for the soil is undoubtedly rich to the wealthy,\\nbut it will bar out the industrious poor, and retard the\\ngrowth of the region.\\nIt was here I made my first attempt to eat a fresh-picked\\nguava. I failed miserably then, but have since learned to\\nlike the fruit, and think it excellent. As a friend once\\nexpressed it, It s like eating a strawberry inside of an\\norange, large as a pear, only the seeds are like small shot.\\nThe taste for this abundant fruit is like that for tobacco\\nit must be acquired but, as is seldom the case with to-\\nbacco, its acquisition is never regretted.\\nThe next morning Mrs. Hatch served us an excellent\\nbreakfast peculiar in this, that it consisted almost wholly\\nof various kinds of garden fruits and vegetables, cooked\\nin divers ways, to show what an Indian River table can\\nsupply. We visited several homes in the neighborhood,\\neverywhere meeting agreeable people, and were shown\\nwonderful gardens. All agreed that snakes and such\\nthings were rarely seen, and that flies, gnats, or mosqui-\\ntoes were not unusually troublesome in the summer.\\nPoultry, eggs, fish, oysters, turtles, and ducks are too\\nplentiful for special mention. Among other places, we\\nvisited the Spratt orange-grove, one of the finest in Flor-\\nida, with one thousand trees growing on ten acres. The\\nfounder, Mr. Spratt, came here about ten years ago, an\\nold man, and with but little means or money. He com-\\nmenced clearing the land all by himself, and now has\\na grove hard to surpass. The land is quite clean, level,\\nand rich the trees all very uniform in size and shape, and\\nthrifty, and laden with noticeably fine-looking and richly-\\nflavored fruit. That grove is sure to produce henceforth\\nan income of several thousand dollars annually and\\nit is an evidence of what one poor old man can do by", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "TOUE OF TEE STATE. 39\\nliving a camping -out sort of life for a few years. Near\\nhere also is a fine guava-preserving establishment, recently\\nbuilt by some Massachusetts parties.\\nAfter an extended tour of this region all much alike\\nin one respect, that it presented beautiful scenery and was\\ndeeply interesting one pleasant morning again found us\\nat the little landing on Salt Lake, and we were soon\\nlightered out to another of those curious little upper St.\\nJohn s River steamers. This was the We-ki-wa, a snug\\ncraft, but so very small and so odd every inch of space\\nbeing utilized by the bright, active boy, a lad of about\\nfifteen, who acted as steward, assistant engineer, pilot,\\ndish-washer, table-waiter, chambermaid, and general-utility\\nman. There were but five or six passengers, among them\\nan Ohio gentleman, who had with him a fine sporting rifle,\\nwhich he kindly invited the Doctor and myself to try.\\nThe Doctor led off with a splendid shot at a very large\\nalligator, pinning it permanently to the marshy bank\\nwhere it was sunning itself. Later in the day he killed\\nanother. I also had the satisfaction, such as it was, of\\nkilling two alligators, big ones. They were very abun-\\ndant all day often ten or more could be seen slowly\\ncrawling into the water, where they keep their heads up,\\nstaring at us, then, their curiosity satisfied, suddenly drop-\\nping from sight.\\nEarly the next morning we reached Enterprise, on Lake\\nMonroe, where we staid some time. Our party improved\\nthe time by going ashore and visiting a famous sulphur-\\nspring on the estate of Count Frederick de Bary, a wealthy\\nNew-Yorker. A fine residence, large orange-grove, pier,\\nand packing-house are here, the spacious grounds all hand-\\nsomely fenced and improved in neat style, with every-\\nthing elegant and complete. The spring is circular in\\nform, about fifty feet in diameter, and is located in a\\npretty nook. The water is green as the greenest paint.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "40 FLORIDA.\\nand forms quite a good-sized brook. It is slightly warm,\\ntastes strongly of sulphur, but is not unpleasant. Re-\\nsuming our journey, the boat was soon on her way down\\nthe river with our friend, the Ohio man, at the wheel,\\nwhich he managed with unexpected skill. Blue Spring\\nLanding was reached at noon, and here the Doctor and I\\nleft the boat. It was February 1st, and a very warm\\nday. The spring, from which the landing takes its name,\\ncovers about an acre, is of very pure, clear water, of a\\nslightly sulphurous flavor, and deep blue in color it is\\nthe fountain-head of quite a large stream that flows into\\nthe St. John s. The adjacent grounds are slightly rolling,\\nand the general appearance is picturesque, offering a flne\\nsite for a winter hotel. The water looked so cool, clear,\\nand tempting, that we couldn t resist, and, finding a re-\\ntired nook, we plunged in and enjoyed the agreeable\\nnovelty of an open-air bath in midwinter. Afterward\\na warm walk of about two miles brought us to Orange\\nCity, in Volusia County, and we were soon in the cozy,\\nhospitable home of the Doctor, his own Florida abiding-\\nplace.\\nOrange City was founded in 1876 by the Doctor and\\na number of congenial spirits, mostly from Wisconsin.\\nAlready a good deal of land has been cleared, roads and\\nstreets have been surveyed and opened in every direction,\\nand lots set off for business and residence purposes, a school,\\nchurches, and shops. Several stores and eighty or more\\nresidences have been erected, new fences and buildings are\\nconstantly being built, and the place is rapidly growing,\\nhaving a population now of about three hundred, which\\nis increasing every month. One hundred and seventy-five\\ngroves, on about one thousand acres of land, are in bloom,\\nand new groves and gardens are being started everywhere\\nin the vicinity. Here I met two young men, brothers,\\nfrom New York City, who came a short time ago for", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 41\\ntheir health, and now have one of the largest and finest\\npineapple-fields in the State. The newsy South Florida\\nTimes is published here. The two following days were\\nspent in short tramps and drives in the surrounding coun-\\ntry. The third day, the Doctor, with his son, myself, and\\nMr. Andrew Jackson, a jeweler from Eau Claire, Wis-\\nconsin, a wealthy, shrewd business-man, distributed our-\\nselves in a wagon, and started on a trip through the\\ncountry. The roads were in good condition, and we\\ntrotted along briskly, passing new homes everywhere, the\\npeople being all busily engaged in fencing, clearing, build-\\ning, or setting out trees. At noon we arrived at De\\nLand, another enterprising colony, mostly from western\\nNew York. The site was located in 1877 by Mr. H. A.\\nDe Land, the celebrated soda-manufacturer of Fairport,\\nNew York, and bears his name. The country here con-\\nsists of rolling, open pine-land, and is quite pretty and\\nhome-like in appearance. A fine church and a first-class\\nschoolhouse, one of the best in the State, several stores,\\nand dwellings, had then been erected and the buildings\\nwere all of noticeably substantial, comfortable construc-\\ntion, while the house-grounds were cleared up and set\\nout with flowers and shrubs. The Florida Agricultur-\\nist is published here. It has a large circulation, and is\\nconsidered standard authority on all subjects in its special\\nline.\\nFrom De Land we drove to Spring Garden, another\\nof the enterprising colonies of this favorite section. New\\nYork and Illinois are mostly represented here. In 1872\\nMajor George H. Norris, a native of western New York,\\nwell known in Chicago, came here and purchased an im-\\nmense Spanish grant, and, having perfected his title, laid\\nout this pretty hamlet. A large amount of land has been\\ncleared in the vicinity, and wide streets have been opened\\nfor miles, well fenced, and set out with orange-trees for", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "42 FLORIDA.\\nshade. The Spring Garden House, quite a cozy, home-\\nlike, well-built hotel, is kept by Mr. E. M. Turner, a wide-\\nawake Chicago hotel-man. It stands in a large orange-\\ngrove, surrounded by a number of pretty hotel-cottages\\nfor invalid guests. A landing -pier and packing house\\nhave been built at Spring Garden Lake, two miles distant,\\nwhere the St. John s River steamers land goods and passen-\\ngers. Quite a number of families have their homes here,\\nand form an unusually select and refined community, dis-\\ncrimination being exercised in the sale of lands. Their\\nhomes are noticeably well constructed, and have an air of\\nsettled improvement, surrounded by lawns, gardens, and\\ngroves, grape-arbors, fences, etc. In the evening quite a\\nparty of the residents met us at the hotel, and a very pleas-\\nant, entertaining time was enjoyed. Accompanying the\\nMajor to his hosj^itable residence near by, I had the pleas-\\nure of feasting on a heaping dish of freshly-picked straw-\\nberries, and partaking of gome excellent samples of orange-\\nwine.\\nThe next morning we drove to the immense orange-\\ngroves owned by Major Norris. He has 11,000 trees,\\nmostly on hammock-lands, which are nearly all bearing\\nin fact, he gathered, last winter upward of 460,000, filling\\n3,100 boxes In time that grove will produce millions,\\nyielding a princely revenue. The trees were nearly all\\nsour stumps budded with sweet fruit. The Major said,\\nIn a few years I will show the visitor here an avenue\\nfive miles long, lined with solid orange-groves all the way,\\nand I think it quite likely that such a spectacle may then\\nbe seen. At the house of Mr. B. F. Haynes we were feast-\\ned on delicious bananas and another resident whom we\\nmet was Pi-ofessor Isaac Stone, who was for years United\\nStates consul at Singapore. His wife, Mrs. Stone, is the\\nauthor of a standard work on India India and its\\nPrinces.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STA.TE.\\n43\\nOrange City, De Land, and Spring Garden, are three\\nplaces that impressed me as favorably as any I have seen\\nin Florida. There are other places that are more inter-\\nesting for historical reminiscences or scenery, or for some\\nparticular enterprise and others may, very likely, become\\nlarger and more active communities, like Sanford, Lees-\\nburg, and Charlotte Harbor but those three places first\\nnamed will, I think, always be pretty, home-like, pros-\\nperous villages, of slow, steady, healthy growth and solid\\nprosperity. The region has a mean elevation of about", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "44 FLORIDA.\\nseventy feet above tide-water, and is noted for its health-\\nfulness.\\nFrom Spring Garden we returned to Orange City, vis-\\niting Beresford, Volusia, and Starke s Landing, all on the\\nlake. They are merely little landing-places, with but three\\nor four families in the immediate neighborhood, but are\\nthe foci of quite a goodly number of families living back\\non the highlands. At Starke s Landing we visited the\\nfamous old grove of Captain Starke, and saw hundreds\\nof noble orange-trees twenty-five to thirty-five years old,\\nscattered about irregularly over a grand old lawn. Some\\nof them are fully thirty feet high, and bear crops of from\\ntwo to ten thousand oranges each. This was one of the\\ngrand old English estates of the last century, the property\\nof Lord Beresford. Remains of his extensive improve-\\nments are yet to be seen. Here we saw hogs feeding on\\noranges, and it certainly seemed a shame to see them eat-\\ning such rich fruit. Here also we saw an immense tree\\nthat had just been transplanted with its crop in full fruit,\\nand showed no signs of injury.\\nAll that region is of hilly pine-land, with open growth\\nof trees and excellent soil, the exceptions of bad soil being\\nvery few. And it undoubtedly is a very healthy section\\nand quite free from insects, being high, well drained, pine-\\ntimbered, and open to the pure sea-breeze all along its\\neastern coast. Ormond, Port Orange, Daytona, and Smyr-\\nna, are all thrifty, enterprising, growing little hamlets, lo-\\ncated in the rich hammock-belt of land on the adjacent\\nocean-coast, where they have the advantages of good soil\\nand both fresh and salt water but the insects in the sum-\\nmer months make a residence there unpleasant except in\\nsome specially favorable locations. Each has from ten\\nto fifty families of unusually agreeable, select people, the\\nnucleus of future pleasant communities. In fact, the peo-\\nple of nearly all the villages and settlements throughout", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF TEE STATE, 45\\nYolusia County are of exactly the right sort of IsTorthern\\nstock, and under their enterprising, law-abiding control,\\nthe region is sure to become one of the most prosperous in\\nFlorida.\\nThe next morning we bade farewell to the good peo-\\nple of Orange City, and again set out on our travels. At\\nBlue Spring Landing we took the steamer George M. Bird,\\nwhich in the course of the afternoon carried us to Sanford,\\nwhere we remained over the following day, a rainy Sun-\\nday. Sanford and the adjacent country I have considered\\nimportant enough to have a chapter to itself so, to avoid\\nrepetition, will say nothing about it here.\\nEarly on Monday morning vv^e resumed our journey in a\\nfine two-horse rig, accompanied by Mr. D. L. Way, editor\\nof the South Florida Journal, of Sanford. Our route\\nwas southwest from the St. John s, and for the first five\\nor six miles the ride was through a flat, uninteresting coun-\\ntry, which gradually rises and becomes fairly hilly. Alta-\\nmonte was reached about noon, and we were invited to the\\npleasant home of Mr. George E. Wilson, a young man who\\ncame here from Maine several years ago, and now has\\na comfortable house, a large orange-grove, and a grocery,\\na perfect sample of New England enterprise and thrift.\\nAfter an excellent dinner, we visited some fine gardens in\\nthe neighborhood, and saw ample evidence of good soil\\nand energetic people. It is noted as a pleasant neighbor-\\nhood, the residents being generally cultured people from\\nthe North, and the appearance of the country thereabout\\nis pleasing. It is quite likely that they will have railroad\\ncommunication with Sanford soon, which will undoubtedly\\nmake this a fine locality for either residence or occasional\\nresort.\\nLate in the afternoon we reached Apopka, v/here we re-\\nmained overnight. It is a small place, of about three hun-\\ndred inhabitants, mostly Southern natives, and the cluster", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "46\\nFLORIDA.\\nof cheaply constructed buildings, all of plainest design, un-\\npainted and weather-beaten, closely huddled together on\\nthe narrow, short streets,\\ngives it an appearance\\nmuch like the backwoods\\nhamlets of Alabama, Geor-\\ngia, and the States of that\\nbelt. The soil thereabout\\nis rolling pine and ham-\\nmock, and famous for its\\nfertility. We visited sev-\\neral gardens and groves,\\nand saw none better any-\\nwhere else in the State.\\nIt is an excellent region\\nfor oranges, sugar cane,\\nand vegetables, and is ex-\\nceptionally healthy. The\\ncountry is everything that\\ncould be desired, but there\\nis an evident lack of taste\\nand enterprise among the\\ninhabitants. It is the cen-\\nter of a good trade, being\\nthe most pretentious town\\nin that region, has a good\\naverage school, and will,\\nno doubt, soon have rail-\\nway connection with the\\nSt. John s at Sanford.\\nThree miles from the\\ntown is Lake Apopka, a\\nsuperb body of water an inland sea, about fifty miles in\\ncircumference, surrounded by a large tract of hammock,\\nwith a rolling black soil, densely covered with forests of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 47\\nhard- woods, etc. The richness of the soil in this hammock\\nis famous throughout the State. Hon. T. G. Speer, State\\nSenator, is engaged in cutting a series of short canals that\\nwill give water communication from Lakes Apopka, Dora,\\nEustis, and Griffin, into the Ocklawaha, and so to Jackson-\\nville. When this short canal (or a railroad outlet) shall\\nhave been secured, this lake will soon be surrounded by a\\nlarge population.\\nThe next mornino- we turned northward, and at noon\\nreached Zellwood, on little Lake Maggiore, where we ac-\\ncepted the cordial hospitalities of Colonel T. Elwood Zell,\\nwho owns a fine estate and a beautiful home here, and\\nfrom whom the locality derives its name. The country\\nfrom Apopka to this place, which we traversed, was all\\nhigh, rolling pine-land, with frequent lakes and hammocks,\\nevidently very good soil. The vicinity of Zellwood is very\\nattractive, with productive soil and agreeable scenery. The\\nColonel and his charming wife are Philadelphians, who\\nspend much of their time abroad, but make occasional win-\\nter visits to their dainty home on this pretty spot.\\nIt was quite dark w^hen we arrived at Pendryville, on\\nLake Eustis, where we found very comfortable accommo-\\ndations at Mr. A. S. Pendry s home the Ocklawaha Hotel.\\nMr. Pendry is from Rochester, N^ew York, and has select-\\ned a very attractive location for his home. He has cleared\\na large tract of land, built a good hotel, fenced his lots,\\nand made many improvements. It is generally a rolling\\npine-land thereabout, wdth small lakes, and large tracts\\nof hammock bordering on Lake Eustis. Undoubtedly a\\nhealthy region of pleasing scenery, it will very likely be-\\ncome in time quite a prosperous place.* Here Mr. Way\\nThis prediction has been verified much sooner than I could then have\\nsuspected. Visiting Pendryville in June, 1881, I was struck with astonish-\\nment at the progress that had been made in the brief space of a year and\\na half. The Pendry farm has been laid out in town-lots, v/hich are rapidly\\n3", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "48 FLORIDA.\\nleft US to return to his home in Sanford, greatly to our re-\\ngret, for he proved a most agreeable traveling companion.\\nHe has a line, thrifty-looking orange-grove, prettily located\\non two small lakes, visited by us shortly after leaving Zell-\\nwood.\\nWe remained all day at Pendryville, driving about,\\nviewing the prospects, and forming a very favorable opin-\\nion of the locality. The right class of immigrants are set-\\ntling there, and a railroad is certain to tap that region very\\nsoon. The St. ,John s and Lake Eustis Railroad is now\\nwithin two miles of the hotel. After dinner next day,\\nwe drove over to Fort Mason, on the opposite shore of\\nLake Eustis. On the route we stopped at the home of the\\nHon. J. M. Bryan, member of the Legislature, and he ac-\\ncom23anied us to the town, which consists of a hotel, tv/o\\nwell-stocked stores, and a cotton-press. The country and\\nsoil thereabout is rich, low hammock. Here we met Sena-\\nbeing bouglit and built upon, numerous orange-groves have been set out in\\nthe vicinity, population is pouring in with unprecedented rapidity, and the\\nbustle and stir of a prosperous growth are everywhere visible. Owing\\nlargely to the skillful and well-directed efiPorts of Mr. John A. ]\\\\Iacdonald,\\neditor of the Florida New-Yorker, attention has been attracted to the\\nadvantages of the locality and in no portion of the State have I observed\\nmore healthy and pleasing signs of progress such as neat and tasteful\\nfences, substantial houses, and lands thoroughly cleared and carefully culti-\\nvated. The young orange-groves, too, looked exceptionally well, and re-\\nmarkably early returns have been obtained in some cases that were called\\nto my attention. Moreover, as I saw more of the country, I was impressed\\nmuch more strikingly with its scenic attractiveness. Rolling hills and undu-\\nlating slopes are the characteristic features of the region, bold bluffs front\\nthe lakes on almost every side, and from certain points on the northern\\nshore of Lake Dora (about five miles from Pendryville) views are obtained\\nthat are unlike anything seen elsewhere in Florida. The lake itself nestles\\nat the foot of wooded bluffs over a hundred feet in height on the oppo-\\nsite shore still higher hills lift boldly from the water while farther away\\nstill, beyond Lake Harris, at the distance of twenty-eight miles, a misty\\nline of heights rises almost mountainously against the horizon.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 49\\ntor T. G. Speer, who was engaged in constructing his\\ndredging-machine, and he explained his intention of cut-\\nting a canal so as to connect the entire series of large\\nlakes in this famous lake-region. This improvement will\\nopen up a vast amount of rich soil to transportation con-\\nveniences.\\nThe country from this point to Leesburg is all a rolling\\npine-land, in some places quite hilly, and contains innu-\\nmerable small lakes and frequent tracts of rich hammocks,\\nin which we saw many wild groves of sour oranges grow-\\ning, all laden with their deceptive golden fruit. The Doc-\\ntor pronounced it an excellent region, of rich soil but\\nvery few houses or improvements were seen. At one\\nof the few houses encountered on the route (a handsome,\\nnew building, occupied by a family from Illinois), we\\nstopped and were shown a splendid large orange-grove,\\nyielding the owner an income of several thousand dol-\\nlars annually. He had come here very poor, had lived\\ncheaply and worked hard, and now is reaping his reward.\\nEarly in the afternoon we crossed the wild head-waters\\nof the Ocklawaha, on a ferry worked by hauling on a rope\\nstretched across on poles. The road on either side was,\\nfor a long distance, through a dense jungle, and we were\\nglad to get well through it and reach our destination,\\nLeesburg, the county-seat of Sumter County, the home\\nof about two hundred people, is a quiet, contented, easy-\\ngoing, rather old-fashioned sort of a place, all the business\\nhouses being low, plain, wooden buildings, mostly of one\\nstory, ranged along one wide, sandy street. A good win-\\nter hotel is badly needed, and would probably be a profit-\\nable investment. The town lies in the midst of a rather\\nflat pine and hammock country, the soil of which is nearly\\nall very rich. It has a good school and church, and an\\norderly society, which includes only one lawyer, who does\\nnot make a very large income, although they boast that", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "50 FLORIDA.\\nhe can earn double fees by arguing for both parties in the\\nsame case. The adjacent region is being rapidly taken up,\\nand already contains many settlers. This is the upper end\\nof navigation on the Ocklawaha River, which furnishes the\\nonly outlet of the region. Leesburg has, beyond doubt,\\na prosperous future before it within the year, probably,\\nthe Peninsular Railroad will reach there, and its central\\nposition insures it a large and increasing trade.\\nThe whole of the day following our arrival was spent\\nin looking about the town, gathering statistics of its\\ntrade, garden and field crops, shipping facilities, etc. The\\nnext morning we accepted an invitation to enjoy a sail\\non Lake Harris, and at an early hour were on board, a\\ntrim and rapid yacht. The party included Mr. William\\nFox, once of Chicago, now a prominent citizen of Lees-\\nburg Mr. George Pratt, owner and editor of the Lees-\\nburg Advance Mr. Jackson, owner of the yacht, re-\\ncently of Cincinnati, now residing on Lake Eustis, where\\nhe has purchased a fine property and ourselves.\\nIt was a beautiful day, with a pleasant breeze, and\\nwe bowled along over the clear waters of this lovely lake\\n(it is eight miles wide by ten miles long) in exhilarat-\\ning style. The shore everywhere has much natural beau-\\nty, being high, with a rich, dark soil, generally covered\\nwith a heavy growth of very large hard-wood trees,\\noaks, etc., evidently very fertile as well as very pictu-\\nresque. We passed several fine estates, their lands neatly\\ncleared and fenced, substantial, cozy-appearing houses,\\nsurrounded by pretty gardens, flowers, and young groves,\\npresenting perfect pictures as seen from our boat. Among\\nseveral places at which we stopped was that of Colonel\\nJ. W. Marshall, a hearty, genial, intelligent gentleman\\nof the old school, who came here from South Carolina\\nshortly after the war, which so sadly impoverished the\\nplanters of that State. Here he has established himself", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF TEE STATE. 51\\non a grand estate, containing several large orange-groves\\nof all varieties and ages, from the tender seedling grove\\nto the full bearing, and all remarkably thrifty and well\\nkept. The oldest grove, now in full bearing, yielding im-\\nmense crops, is one of the finest we saw in all the State,\\nwith the largest-sized trees and the heaviest crops.\\nThe old Colonel showed us all over his extensive estate;\\nit has a rich soil, carefully cleared, a rolling, hilly surface,\\nand produces a great variety of plants and fruits, including\\nteas, coffees, etc., fully demonstrating the fact that every-\\nthing in the way of fruits, flowers, garden and field prod-\\nucts, may be grown on the soil of this lake-region. Taking\\nus finally into his bearing grove and pausing at a large\\ntree, the low-hanging branches of which were laden with\\neasily plucked fruit, he gave us a complete course of in-\\nstruction in the fascinating, divinely refreshing art of or-\\nange-eating and how to do it. And his recipe, while it\\nmay not be of the highest degree of mincing daintiness\\nthe eating-soup-with-a-fork style is an exceedingly enjoy-\\nable, practical method of getting the juice, the whole juice,\\nand nothing but the juice, out of an orange. Said he\\nNow, gentlemen, roll up your sleeves, remove your cuffs,\\nhigh collars, etc., unbutton your vests and a few other\\nwaist-buttons take a sharp knife, pull a dark-shade, heavy\\norange, peel it to the quick all around, leave no bitter rind,\\nshut your eyes and suck don t bite just suck.\\nThe reader hardly needs to be assured that we obeyed\\nto the letter. I think we each averaged about fifteen or-\\nanges in rapid succession and in silence, sweet silence\\none steady draught of nectar pure and wholesome. Lack\\nof capacity alone compelled us, one by one, to regretfully\\ncease this luscious feast and repairing to the house, we\\nwere invited, after a short respite, to partake of a fine\\ndinner, well washed down with select brands from an evi-\\ndently well-stocked cellar. Soon after dinner we took our", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "52 FLORIDA.\\ndeparture from this hospitable home, the old Colonel de-\\nj)ositing a huge basketful of oranges in our boat as a\\nremembrancer. We bade him good-by with regret, all\\nhoj^ing that his considerable shadow may never be less.*\\nA long, circuitous sail was made around the lake that\\nwe might view its beautiful shores, and we reached the\\nhotel in the evening. Early next morning we resumed\\nour journey, and were soon well on our way to Sumterville,\\nwest of Leesburg. The route lay through a rather flat,\\nuninteresting belt that appeared generally wet, and, in\\ntracts, marshy, a good sugar-cane region. We crossed one\\nbroad body of water, which was much deeper than our\\ndriver had counted upon, and, in consequence, we barely\\nescaped the unpleasant incident of a ducking. In some\\nplaces the road passed through extensive hammocks, always\\nattractive. About five miles from Leesburg we reached\\nthe stony belt of Central Florida, the only locality in all\\nthe peninsula (except along the coasts and in some of the\\nnorthern counties) where we found stones. Here they\\nwere plentiful, scattered about in all shapes and sizes, and\\nit gave us considerable satisfaction to hear the wheels click\\nalong over them, with the music so familiar in more north-\\nern regions.\\nIt was noon (Sunday noon) when Sumterville was\\nreached, and our team turned back to its starting-point,\\nwhile we took quarters at the primitive hostelry that offers\\nscant accommodations to way-bound travelers. Sumter-\\nville is an old ante-hellmn settlement, with large tracts of\\ncleared land evidently a high level, as it is not wet\\nwith a dark soil, which is undoubtedly very rich and pro-\\nductive. The hamlet contains two or three very rude\\nbackwoods sort of stores, and about a dozen dwellings,\\nbut has great expectations, that are quite likely to be ful-\\nSince our visit, Colonel MarsLall has sold this grove for |28,000 cash.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF TEE STATE. 53\\nfilled, as it is on the present State stage-line and United\\nStates mail-i oute from Ocala to Tampa, and is on the di-\\nrect line from Leesburg to the latter place, such as a rail-\\nroad will desire to select. It is a good, healthy, fertile\\nregion, needing only settlers.\\nThe next day several of the residents called on ns,\\nand we spent the day, a warm one, in visiting a number\\nof gardens and fields and orange-groves in the vicinity.\\nEverywhere the vegetables, crops, and fruits looked finely,\\ngrowing in great abundance with little care. We also\\ndrove to Lake Panasofkee, six miles distant, a large lake\\nsurrounded with rich black hammock-land, the region\\nfor sugar-cane and all garden and field crops. Also in\\nthis neighborhood are numerous large sinks of the land,\\nso frequent in all parts of Middle Florida, usually circular\\nin form, the sides quite straight and smooth, varying from\\ntwenty-five to one hundred and more feet in depth, and\\nseldom containing any, or but little, water. This, indeed,\\nis the singular feature about them, for often they are close\\nto large lakes whose waters are fifty feet above the bot-\\ntom of the sink, yet none in the sink. It is as if some-\\nthing had given way in the bowels of the earth, and the\\nsoil had fallen in but they must all have subterranean\\noutlets, for in no other way can the absence of water\\nbe accounted for.\\nThe next morning we took the stage-coach, a little\\nrattle-trap sort of an affair, and were soon on our way\\nto Brooksville. It is a long ride through a decidedly\\nrolling country, mostly pine-land, with very little ham-\\nmock, and few lakes. The stone belt extends all through\\nthis region, ending along the Withlacoochee River. It\\nclosely resembles the piny-woods region in Michigan,\\nand the ride became very tedious and monotonous, ex-\\ncept that we saw any quantity of feathered and furred\\ngame, rabbits, squirrels, quail, etc., and occasionally wild", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "54: FLORIDA.\\nturkeys, large and shy. This is a range wliere deer and\\nbear also are plentiful.\\nThe entire trip that day was through an unsettled\\nregion, the only human beings living anywhere along\\nthe road being four or five families of Florida natives,\\nthe genuine, unadulterated cracker the clay-eating,\\ngaunt, pale, tallowy, leather-skinned sort stupid, stolid,\\nstaring eyes, dead and lusterless unkempt hair, generally\\ntow-colored and such a shiftless, slouching manner sim-\\nply white savages or living white mummies would, per-\\nhaps, better indicate their dead-alive looks and actions.\\nWho, or what, these crackers are, from whom descend-\\ned, of what nationality, or what becomes of them, is one\\namong the many unsolved mysteries in this State. Stupid\\nand shiftless, yet shy and vindictive, they are a block in\\nthe pathway of civilization, settlement, and enterprise\\nwherever they exist. Fortunately, however, they are very\\nfew and rapidly decreasing in numbers, for they can not\\nexist near civilized settlements. The four or five cabins\\nwe passed of these crackers were bare log structures,\\nwith low roofs, no doors or windows merely openings\\nor fireplaces no filling between the logs, and usually no\\nfloors no out-houses, wells, or fences and no gardens or\\nplants, except a sweet-potato patch. A near lake, or spring,\\nsupplies their water hogs, cattle, and game, their meat\\nand the tops of cabbage-palmettoes, sweet-potatoes, and\\nwild fruits, form almost their only diet while pellets of\\nclay eaten as a seasoning ingredient take the place of\\nneeded salt and pepper.\\nAs the stage was slowly climbing a rise in the road,\\nwe were surprised to see four women, seated on a fallen\\ntree close by the roadside all were of precisely the same\\nsize, with the same features, eyes, and hair, and a vacant,\\nstupid stare each wore a light-colored, faded calico dress,\\nof plainest, scantiest possible make, quite clean (a surpris-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "TOTIR OF THE STATE. 55\\ning fact), and large, plain, cotton sun-bonnets each wore a\\ncheap, bright-hued, cotton handkerchief around her neck\\nA Paik of Ceackees.\\nand they were all barefooted, carrying their low, thick-\\nsoled shoes in their hands. The dress and kerchief ap-\\npeared to be their only garments no underwear whatever.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "56 FLORIDA.\\nOur driver, a sociable sort of fellow from Ohio, stopped\\nand chatted with this strange feminine quartet, and we\\nlearned that they were a mother and three daughters,\\nwhich was the climax of surprise to us, for the four faces\\nall appeared of the same age. They were going to a\\ndance at a cracker s, some fifteen miles farther on, and\\nthey had already walked about five miles. Think of\\nwoman lovely, tender woman! walking barefoot twenty\\nmiles to dance all night in a close cracker cabin, with whis-\\nky-perfumed cracker males, to the scraping of a wheezy\\nviolin in the hands of an old darkey the scene lighted\\nwith pine-knots the feast of hog, hominy, beef, sweet-po-\\ntatoes, and likely a few villainous compounds of flour,\\ncheapest Ibrown sugar, or sirup, and called caJce or risin\\nbread. And, perhaps, that cracker ball will be kej^t up\\ntwo or three days and nights, until all the stock of eatables\\nand whisky is used up.\\nThe cracker, when resolved to give a dance, shoots\\nsome game and carves a hog, finds a market and sells his\\ngame for a little cash, lays in a stock of whisky, a little\\nflour, cheap sugar, sirup, tobacco, hominy, or grits, more\\nwhisky, coffee, or cheap tea, goes home, sets the wimmin-\\nfolks to baking, while he resolves himself into an invi-\\ntation committee, and sets out on his lean, lank, cracker\\npony, and invites all the crackers for miles around to cum\\nraound. And they come. A fight generally ends the\\ndance, and the best man wins the girl, for these dances are\\nusually prolific of jinin matches. It should be said,\\nhowever, ^er contra^ that there is very little sexual immo-\\nrality at these half -civilized gatherings, for the mothers\\nas in this case are also on hand, and keep a sharp eye on\\nproceedings while the men the fathers will shoot.\\nWe passed on, and at noon crossed the Withlacoochee\\nRiver, at Hays s Ferry, where there are two or three cabins.\\nThe river is here a wide, deep, dark-colored, swift-running", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 57\\nstream, A rope stretched from bank to bank was our\\nmeans of passage. Just across the river we found the\\ncabin of a cracker, and here we were to get dinner. After\\na long delay, we were called in and told to set by but,\\nalthough the table was heaped with food (alleged to be),\\nyet I couldn t eat of it sweet-potatoes in two styles\\nbaked and fried in slices but less than half cooked in either\\nshape bread, merely chunks of yellow, hot, steamy dough,\\nincased in burned crusts muddy coffee (plenty of grounds\\nfor being muddy, if the reader will excuse the pun) and\\nfat pork. There were eggs visible, however so, under\\npretense of not feeling loell, I induced the cook to soft-\\nboil a few, and, having managed to strain off some coffee\\nfrom its mud basis, worried through a luncheon\u00e2\u0080\u009e The\\nhousewife was of indolent, unhealthy, flabby appearance,\\nslattern and unwholesome. Said the driver, who knew\\nthem well, That hasband of yours, if he should ever\\ntrip up in a mud-puddle, would lie and die there, he is so\\nlazy, And that loving wife replied, with a shallow smile:\\nYas, I sj^ect that s so he are mos dreffle, or nary, lazy-\\nlike, sho enuff, jes no count. The listening husband\\ngrinned as if a compliment had been paid him.\\nSuch villainous, disgusting cooking as that found on\\nthe tables of the low whites of this region is surely un-\\nequaled. The ignorance among the women of this very\\nnecessary art is frightful. Living in a region where, al-\\nmost without solicitation, Nature provides all the daintiest\\nand best of fruits and garden-vegetables, yet their tables\\nseldom have any sauces or fruits of any kind, except occa-\\nsionally dried apple-sauce, bought at the store, or else some\\nwretchedly made guava- jelly. Vegetables are seldom seen\\non any tables, except those of the land-owner class, or of\\nNorthern settlers occupying homes in the neighborhood.\\nNo wonder the crackers look so unhealthy, or are so\\nstupid, or that the men take to whisky, and like to fight so", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "58 FLORIDA.\\nvindictively. Anything that involves a change must be\\nagreeable to people fed on such wretched diet. Steam-\\nengines are great civilizers of nations, but good cooking\\nbeats anything as a civilizer of individuals. I have seen\\nits beneficial effects among the very worst Indians of the\\nWest.\\nResuming our journey, the region passed over in the\\nafternoon differed somewhat from that of the forenoon,\\nbeing more hilly, and involving a constant going up and\\ndown of more or less steep inclines. We were now out\\nof the stony belt, and the hammocks were more frequent.\\nNo settlers were seen, and game was very abundant. Late\\nin the afternoon large tracts of cleared land began to be\\nseen, mostly neglected and at supper-time we reached\\nBrooksville. Standing on the broad, level top of a high\\nhill, in the midst of many hills the largest hills we saw\\nin any part of the State Brooksville is one of the most\\nprettily located towns or settlements we saw in Florida,\\nbeing equaled only by Tallahassee. It is, in fact, the\\nmost un-Florida-appearing place imaginable, with excel-\\nlent, rich, dark-brov/n soils, occasional stones and gravel,\\nfirst-class hard country roads in all directions forests\\nof oaks, maple, beech, hickory, and all such hard-AVOod\\ngrowths, rail-fences, and far-viewing hills. All was like\\nOhio, Wisconsin, New York the western part on the Erie\\nRailway in fact, anywhere in a hilly but not rocky re-\\ngion. Even the houses, the old and the few (very few)\\nnew oneSj somehow do not look Florida-like.\\nThis is one of the most desirable sections of the State.\\nAlthough not at all tropical in appearance, yet all the\\nproducts of the tropical as well as of the northern cli-\\nmates grow here. Cotton, cane, wheat, oats, bananas,\\noranges, peaches, corn, guavas, figs, all thrive as well as in\\nany of their special regions. Here also we found grass,\\na good sod, that seemed refreshing to walk on. Prior to", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "TOUE OF THE STATE. 59\\nthe war this was a region of large plantations and wealthy-\\nplanters. All seem to have left, as their slaves left, aban-\\ndoning everything. The houses decayed and were de-\\nmolished, fences were destroyed, broad fields have gone\\nto waste, and weeds, underbrush, and tangled vines have\\neverywhere taken the place of cultivated crops.\\nISText morning we found Mr. Frederick L. Robertson,\\neditor of the Brooksville Crescent, an old friend of the\\nDoctor s. Horses were procured, and we rode to the resi-\\nence of State Senator H. T. Lykes, on Spring Hill, six\\nmiles distant then across the country, ten miles, to the\\nlarge estate of Mr. William Hope, where we found all\\nvarieties of vegetables growing finely, and rode through\\na field of several hundred acres of oats, spreading out\\nover the hills and valleys Ohio, surely, except for the\\nseason (it was February) Good roads, numerous brooks,\\nhard-wood forests, broad fields (abandoned mostly), plenty\\nof game, was the result of our observations. The town\\nis the county-seat of Hernando County, and contains the\\ncourt-house a large, new, wooden building, a good struct-\\nure, but provokingly plain in design three groceries, two\\nor three saloons, and about thirty dwellings, nearly all\\nsmall cottages, generally surrounded by small gardens, and\\ngroves of orange and such trees. Everything looks old-\\nfashioned and of out-in-the-country style. Yet in lo-\\ncation and soil it is the gem of South Florida and, if\\na railroad should ever reach here which is very likely,\\nfor any road to Tampa will surely pass through Brooks-\\nville it will very probably become, in time, the center of\\na thickly settled, prosperous region.\\nLate in the afternoon we set out on our journey to\\nTampa, fifty miles distant. Fort Taylor was reached at\\ntwilight. This place, once the site of a military camp,\\nnow has but one house, surrounded by a fine grove of\\nold orange-trees. About midnight we reached the hum-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "60 FLORIDA.\\nble cabin of the stage-station, where we obtained lodg-\\nings which, though very rough, were acceptable after our\\nride of twenty-six miles. The route had been through a\\nslightly rolling pine-wood region, with a dark soil of\\naverage fertility, few lakes, no settlers, and very little\\nhammock.\\nEarly next morning we were out looking about the\\nranch, a plain little roughly constructed building, sur-\\nrounded by numerous out-houses, and a garden, where a\\nvariety of tropical plants were thriving. The keeper\\nwas a genuine curiosity, an old regular army veteran,\\na native of Maine, who came to this country as a pri-\\nvate of the Second Regiment U. S. Artillery to fight\\nthe Seminoles in 1835, and has remained here ever since.\\nAfter a breakfast, abundant but rudely pre^^ared, we\\nresumed our journey, passing through a region similar\\nin all respects to that traversed on the previous day, lone-\\nly and monotonous, rolling pine-land of average fertility,\\nno settlers, but abundance of game.\\nAt noon we reached the Hillsborough Hiver, a stream\\nabout fifty feet wide and eight or ten feet deep, and\\ncrossed it on a well-constructed toll-bridge. Beyond the\\nriver the appearance of the country changes very much,\\nbeing a high, rolling, open-hammock region, with fair\\nsoil and a heavy growth of native wire-grass. Clearings\\nand houses, gardens and groves, began to appear, and\\nwe were once more in a region of settlers. Late in the\\nafternoon we at last drove into Tarapa, very hot, much\\nfatigued, dusty, and hungry. The last few miles had\\nbeen over very sandy and parched roads, making hard\\npulling for the tired horses and we felt exceedingly\\nglad when we halted at last in front of a cool, quiet,\\ninviting-looking hotel, that much resembled a neat and\\ncomfortable village dwelling.\\nWe had completed a long journey seldom taken a", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF TEE STATE. 61\\nride across the heart of South Florida from the Atlantic\\nto the Gulf, a distance of about one hundred and forty\\nmiles in a direct line, but about two hundred and fifty\\nas traversed by us, with side-excursions to visit promi-\\nnent places.\\nTampa is an old town, the name being associated\\nwith the very earliest Spanish history of the State, and\\nis well known as a place in Florida by all school-\\nchildren throughout the country.\\nIt is quaint and old-fashioned in appearance, contains\\nabout fifteen hundred inhabitants, and is situated at the\\nupper end of Tampa Bay. It is laid out with consider-\\nable regularity into squares, with streets of usual width,\\nlevel and clean, but very sandy. Having been designed\\nfor a big place, the town is much scattered, the houses\\naverage few to the block, and, though the sidewalks are\\ngenerally good, there is much cutting across-lots in\\ngoing from one point to another. Few of the dwellings\\nare pretentious, but they have a comfortable, home-like\\nappearance, all standing in ample grounds, and nearly all\\nhaving abundance of tropical fruits, plants, flowers, shrubs\\nand vines, sea-shells, and the like, reminding the visitor\\nthat he is in a tropical clime.\\nThe public buildings court-house, schools, churches,\\nand halls are all well-built, fair-sized structures, quite\\ncreditable to the remote little community. There is no\\nlarge hotel of the customary hotel style, and such an es-\\ntablishment is greatly needed. The present accommoda-\\ntions for travelers are three small dwellings, neat, clean,\\nand well kept, but not roomy mere boarding-houses, in\\nfact. The business-houses are all plain, village-like, low-\\nroofed, wooden structures, scattered irregularly along the\\nstreet leading to the wharf. They generally carry good\\nstocks, and a large business is transacted here.\\nThe United States Government owns a larg^e tract of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "62 FLORIDA.\\nland, forming a peninsula which reaches out into the\\nharbor. It is a lovely spot of about seventy-five acres,\\nquite like a park, with rolling surface, covered with good\\nsod of native grasses, while clumps of low-growth bushes\\nand gigantic oaks and hard-wood trees are scattered about.\\nThe view, looking out over the harbor, is very beautiful.\\nThe barracks, officers quarters, cavalry-stables, hospital,\\nand other military buildings, are scattered about the\\nground, and are all old, and have a neglected, dilapi-\\ndated appearance. ISTo troops are permanently stationed\\nhere now but occasional detachments are sent here for\\na few months for sanitary benefit. A walk over these\\ngrounds is quite pleasant, and is one of the proper\\nthings for the visitor to do.\\nLarge tracts of land in the suburbs have been cleared\\nof their pine-woods, laid out into long, wide avenues,\\nand named after Northern States, the plots comprising\\nten or more acres each. Many of these lots have been\\nsold, and the purchasers have evidently spent much\\nmoney and time in improving them. The residences are\\nunusually well built, tastefully ornamented, and brightly\\npainted, while neat barns, out-houses, fences, sidewalks,\\nand the civilized improvements usual in l^orthern pro-\\ngressive communities, are everywhere seen the reason,\\nperhaps, being that the settlers are nearly all Northern\\npeople. In spite of all this labor, taste, and enterprise,\\nhowever, there is a very noticeable number of vacant\\nhouses, showing signs of abandonment.\\nThe appearance of the greater portion of the soil\\nin the vicinity of Tampa is sandy, with an unhealthy,\\nashy-gray color, that promises little for productiveness.\\nThere are occasional tracts of dark, rich soil, but these\\nare scarce, and very seldom for sale. There is good soil\\nin that region lying along the coast and on the islands,\\nbut in the immediate neighborhood of Tampa I think it", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "TOUE OF THE STATE. 63\\nis mostly poor, and nearly valueless for purposes of fruit\\nor vegetable culture.\\nThe harbor contains numerous islands and is quite\\npretty. It is alive with fish and ducks. We found the\\nHon. To K. Spencer, of the Sunland Tribune, and en-\\njoyed an agreeable visit with him, looking about the\\nplace. The Peninsular Railroad, now in process of con-\\nstruction through the central region of Florida, will\\ndoubtless soon place Tampa in direct connection with the\\ncommercial centers of the East and North. This will\\ngreatly benefit it, besides opening up to settlement a\\nlarge and at present nearly uninhabited region.\\nIt was a beautiful morning when we took our de-\\nparture from Tampa, going aboard the little steamer\\nthat carried ns down the harbor to the handsome ocean-\\nsteamer Lizzie HendersoD, one of the fine line of Gulf-\\nsteamers (the Henderson Line that ply between New\\nOrleans, Pensacola, St. Mark s, Cedar Keys, Key West,\\nand Havana. The boats of this line are large, roomy,\\nwell equipped, and well supplied. The freight and pas-\\nsengers were rapidly transferred from the roomy old\\nlighter to the steamer, and we were soon steaming down\\nthe broad bay to Manatee, thirty miles distant on Man-\\natee River, which flows into the extreme southern por-\\ntion of the bay. Immense flocks of ducks of several\\nkinds, innumerable porpoises, and countless fish leaping\\nout of the bright waters, v/ere constantly in sight. The\\nwatery pathway of certain shoals could be traced by the\\nsight of hundreds of fish of the six-pound size leaping\\nout of the water in a rapid, direct line.\\nLate in the afternoon we passed up the broad river\\nseveral miles to Manatee, where a short sto23 was made\\nto take on cargo. There was no opportunity to visit\\nthe settlement, or to examine the soil thereabout, but\\nthe dwellings located along the banks of the river were", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "64: FLORIDA.\\nmostly roomy and neat-looking houses, and several gar-\\ndeners were at the wharf with vegetables of large va-\\nriety and excellent quality.\\nThe sun was setting brilliantly as we passed out of\\nthe bay into the Gulf and the islands with their luxu-\\nriant vegetation, the solitary, tall, white lighthouse, and\\nthe tropical-appearing bar on which it stands, the por-\\npoises disporting in all directions, and the deep-blue wa-\\nters of the Gulf, all made a scene beautiful to behold and\\nlong to be remembered.\\nAt sunrise the next morning we were entering the\\nlovely harbor of Cedar Keys, passing near a number of\\npretty islands, among them Atsenna Otie Island, where\\nthere is a large saw-mill and machine-shop owned by\\nFaber Brothers, of New York, giving emploj^ment to a\\ncolony of thirty families, mostly Germans, engaged in\\ncutting and prej^aring the cedar-wood for the famous\\nFaber lead-pencils. At the wharves of the little seaport\\nand railroad terminus we found five large steamers and\\nnumerous sailing-vessels, giving it quite an appearance of\\ncommercial enterprise.\\nThe Doctor, Professor J. N^. Comstock (entomologist\\nof the Agricultural Bureau at Washington, whom we\\nhad met on the steamer), and I, enjoyed the day stroll-\\ning about the streets and limited suburbs, visiting the\\ncurious shell-mound quite a hill, composed of sea-shells\\nof all kinds, such as are found along that coast. It is\\nthe scientific suj)position that this strange mound was\\nerected by a race of prehistoric dwellers in this region,\\nwho resorted here to feast on oysters, clams, etc. It\\noffers a superb position on which to build a large winter\\nhotel, for the scene in all directions, as viewed from that\\nelevation, is beautiful, the whole harbor and the Gulf\\nbeing visible. We met my old friend Major Parsons\\nhere, and had a very agreeable visit and a tramp about the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "TOUR OF THE STATE. 65\\ntown with him. His reminiscences of Cedar Keys, extend-\\ning back over a period of forty years since he first came\\nhere from the North, a clerk in the Quartermaster s De-\\npartment of the United States Army, under old General\\nZ. Taylor, are very interesting. In the afternoon, while\\nthe Doctor dozed. Professor Comstock and I went down\\nto the beach, where the tide was out, and busied ourselves\\npulling out oysters from the great quantities that solidly\\nline all the shores of the bay, and feasting ourselves to\\nrepletion on that luscious bivalve.\\nCedar Keys is a port of entry, and has several large\\nmercantile establishments, all carrying extensive stocks,\\nand evidently prosperous. Their patronage is derived\\nfrom the settlers all along the coast and many goodly\\nrivers that empty into the Gulf there. There is very\\nlittle, if any, good land on the adjacent mainland. The\\ntrade is solely the result of its railroad and shipping ad-\\nvantages. The buildings are mostly constructed of the\\nsubstantial coquina -stone, and, with its main street (in\\nfact, there is only one street in the place) paved with\\nshells, all white mortary in appearance, it much resembles\\nan old Spanish seaport.\\nEarly on the morning after our arrival, we were again\\non our travels the final stage seated in one of the\\nhandsome coaches of the Atlantic, Gulf and West India\\nTransit Company Railroad, better known in its abbrevi-\\nated and more convenient form of the Transit, that\\ncrosses the State from Cedar Keys to Fernandina. Gaines-\\nville, Waldo, Santa Fe, Starke, and Lawtey, all thrifty,\\nbusy, growing, enterprising places, of which accounts are\\ngiven elsewhere, were passed. Waldo is an especially\\npretty place, and the inhabitants show much taste and\\ncare, of which they may well feel proud, and for which\\nthey deserve much credit. Near the depot is a neat lit-\\ntle park, fenced nicely the grounds all about the pretty", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "6Q FLORIDA.\\ntown are clean and grassy as a lawn also, near the de-\\npot is a band-stand of neat design, at the base of a ship-\\nshape, mast-rigged flag- staff, the gift of a jolly old sea-\\ncaptain resident. The dwellings, mostly of cottage style,\\nare neat, tasty, trim, and clean, of generally good design,\\nsurrounded by lawns of grasses and_ flowers, gardens of\\nfruits and vegetables, all showing careful labor and at-\\ntention. The soil thereabout is fertile, and the people\\nare energetic and industrious. Waldo is a pretty S230t, a\\ngood place for either health-seekers or wealth-seekers.\\nEarly in the afternoon we reached Jacksonville, and\\nthe Tour of Florida with Hon. Seth French, Commis-\\nsioner of Immigration, was ended.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER lY.\\nA TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA.\\nIt was the middle of March, when Captain Samuel\\nFairbanks, Assistant Commissioner of Immigration, set\\nout on an official pilgrimage through the northern sec-\\ntion of the State, in search of information for the use of\\nhis bureau. The Captain was peculiarly well adapted for\\nhis official position, and especially to investigate this por-\\ntion of the State, which had in all its parts become fa-\\nmiliar to him, through a residence of over forty years.\\nHe came originally from central New York, and there\\nare many other people here from that favorite section of\\nthe Empire State.\\nThe writer accepted a cordial invitation to join Cap-\\ntain Fairbanks on the proposed trip, and enjoyed a de-\\nlightful time, for the Captain was a pleasant, entertain-\\ning traveling companion, full of interesting information,\\nanecdotes, and reminiscences of the State and the people.\\nThe previously described journey in the other portions\\nof the State had given me a fine opportunity to see the\\nwilder and more remote regions, and the present trip\\ngave me an opportunity to learn of the older and more\\npopulous sections. Our route lay through the counties of\\nall the northern and western portions of the State, where,\\nin the piping times of peace, the ante-war days, the\\ntrue era of Southern prosperity, the planters of Florida\\nlived and flourished and waxed wealthy. In those days", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "68 FLORIDA.\\nCotton was King, and the broad rolling acres of tlie vast\\nplantations that covered the hills and beautiful valleys of\\nthe charming region were everywhere white with their\\ngreat crops of the snowy staple. Every acre meant an-\\nother bale, and every bale meant another nigger, was\\nthe current saying in regard to it. This was always, from\\nthe days of its transfer to American rule, a favorite re-\\ngion with the cotton-planters here were obtained the\\nlargest yields per acre, of the best quality (the famous\\nsea-island variety), and the earliest in market.\\nWe left Jacksonville late one afternoon, by the Flor-\\nida Central Railroad, changing at Live Oak (the county,\\nseat of Suwanee County) to the Jacksonville, Pensacola\\nand Mobile Railroad. The early morning hours found us\\nspeeding through Ohio, Wisconsin, or central New York\\ncertainly, it was not Florida in appearance hilly, with\\na rich, brown, clayey soil, solid roads, rocks, and fields of\\ngrass, just like the Northern States. Early in the fore-\\nnoon we arrived at Quincy, the county-seat of Gadsden\\nCounty, and took the stage from the depot to the town,\\none and a half mile distant by a road which winds prettily\\nover hills and through fine forests.\\nQuincy is a quaint, old-fashioned town. Southern in\\nappearance (not, however, of the dingy, miserable, crack-\\ner style), a representative type of once-flourishing in-\\ndustry. It has a large, park-like, well-fenced square, with\\nthe court-house standing in the center, one of the old\\nSouthern regulation kind of square four-roomed-on-two-\\nfloors buildings. Huge oaks and similar trees shade the\\npark, and around it or adjacent to it are the city build-\\nings, jail, etc., with plain and rather faded brick stores, the\\nusual number of oflices, pumps and water-trough, and the\\nuniversal Southern hitching-rail on high posts, with al-\\nways a number of saddle mules and horses attached. Over\\nall is an impalpable but unmistakable mantle of mildewy", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 69\\ndecay, of neglect rapidly verging on dilapidation. Such\\nis the general appearance of the business portion of\\nQuincy.\\nThe suburbs make an impression altogether more favor-\\nable. The residences here are mostly large, well-built\\nstructures, with handsome house-grounds, gardens, lawns,\\nout-houses, shade-trees, sidewalks, etc. in all respects, ex-\\ncept that of a few semi-tropical products, closely resem-\\nbling the usual thrifty appearance of a steady, old, agri-\\ncultural center in the North. The weather at the time of\\nour visit was lovely (it was March 10th) fruits, flowers,\\nand gardens of thrifty vegetables were everywhere visible\\nthe doors and windows stood wide open, verandas were\\noccupied, croquet-parties dotted the lawns and The\\nPirates of Penzance, and other latest music, was every-\\nwhere heard floating through the open windows, from the\\nkeys of skillfully played pianos. At the handsome resi-\\ndence of Postmaster Davidson, we were shown some of\\nthe finest specimens of the exquisitely beautiful, golden-\\nhued, feathery pampas-grass that I ever saw, and it grows\\nin many other gardens thereabout.\\nThe views across the country in all directions are fine,\\nranging over broad fields, hills, valleys, hard- wood forests,\\norchards, good fences, and roomy residences in all a\\nbeautiful region exhibiting unmistakable signs of agricult-\\niiral prosperity. Nowhere does live-stock grow better.\\nIn the near future, when the old (but worthy) class of\\nmen and women shall have passed away with their ante-\\nhelium ideas of business, crops, social ranks, educa-\\ntion, slave-labor, and their bitter memories of the war,\\nwith its defeated hopes and its lost cause when this\\nrace, with such memories in their hearts, shall be gone,\\nand the young generation of their offspring, filled, with\\nnew ideas, new aspirations, new hopes, shall be in full\\ncontrol, then, I believe, Quincy and all the other towns", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a070\\nFLORIDA,\\nof that fair, fertile region will be among the pleasantest\\ngarden-spots in all America. At present the goodly people\\nare brooding upon memories.\\nChattahoochee, the present terminus of the Jackson-\\nville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, is merely a little\\nhamlet on the Chattahoochee River, close to the Alabama\\nline, and has stage connection with Marianna, the county-\\nViEW ON THE Escambia Kiver, neak Pensacola.\\nseat of Jackson County, another of those old-style, quiet\\ninland towns, a description of one of which answers for\\nall. The State Insane Asylum is located at Chattahoo-\\nchee, a roomy old structure, clean, and having an air of\\ncomfort and adaptation to its purpose, and containing\\nabout thirty inmates. The river, in that region, is quite\\na large, respectable stream, the outlet of an extensive back", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "A TRIP TB ROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 71\\ncountry once the water-way of an immense traffic to\\nthe Gulf-port of Appalachicola. The scenery thereabout\\nis very fine, and the atmosphere noticeably soft and\\nclear. This is attributed to the fact that it is due north\\nof the Gulf, and is always tempered by the famous\\nGulf-breezes.\\nFrom Marianna, a long ride by stage-coach brought\\nus to Pensacola. The ride was tedious and fatiguing,\\nbut not really monotonous, for the scenery was very at-\\ntractive, except in occasional tracts. Yernon, Euchee\\nAnna, and Milton, passed en route, are all three county-\\nseats, and are small, drowsy-looking towns, old-fashioned,\\nand in all respects typical specimens of the better class\\nof representative Southern county-seats. A square, an\\nold-fashioned tavern, a court-house, and a few shops, may\\nbe said to compose each and all of them.\\nOn every side, in all that region, including Gadsden\\nand adjoining counties, were seen large old plantations,\\nand roomy, old. Southern-style planters residences, giving\\nevidence of a long-settled region, that had suddenly been\\narrested in its growth, and was in a state of suspended\\nanimation. Yet it is a good country, and has, in fact, a\\nsteady growth, though it is of a kind not strikingly per-\\nceptible, being in crops and j)i oducts, instead of houses,\\nfactories, and such town improvements, that arc more\\nlikely to catch the attention.\\nThe great, crying need of all that portion of the State\\nis a railroad, and the series of causes that have pre-\\nvented the completion of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and\\nMobile Railroad are disgraceful to all concerned. All\\nthe parties the moneyed cliques, railroad-wreckers, law-\\nyers, and agents that have for years defeated the con-\\nstruction of that road across this fine region to its natu-\\nral terminus at Pensacola, deserve the honest execrations\\nof all who reside there for they have greatly damaged\\n4", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "72\\nFLORIDA.\\nand retarded the growth and prosperity of what ought\\nto be one of the most flourishing sections of Florida.*\\nPensacola is a charming city, clean, nicely laid out.\\nStkeet-Scene in Pensacola,\\nwith great shade-trees, handsome homes, the houses gen-\\nerally of good architectural taste, with pretty lawns, ar-\\nbors, gardens, etc. The navy-yard and fortifications, with\\ntheir garrisons and official staffs of both branches of the\\nservice, give it an animated appearance and the officers\\nand their families contribute very much to the high repu-\\ntation for culture and refinement enjoyed by the society\\nthere. The city has a large commerce, and is one of the\\nmost important lumber-shipping ports in the United States.\\nIn respect to attractions for tourists and visitors, Pen-\\nsacola is one of the most important places in Florida and,\\nSince the above was written, the courts have, after many years of\\ntedious and costly litigation, awarded the railroad to its rightful owners,\\nthe Dutch company, who, it is understood, will at once complete the line\\nacross the State as originally contemplated.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA.\\nY3\\ninstead of attempting a detailed description of my own, I\\nwill quote the following passages from a well-written and\\ntastefully printed local hand-book\\nThe splendid Bay of Pensacola, unrivaled for its beau-\\nty, depth, and security, was discovered by Pamfilo de Nar-\\nvaez, in 1525. Various adventurers gave it different names,\\nas Fort de Ancluse and St. Mary s Bay, but that of Pensa-\\ncola, which prevailed, was the true name among the Ind-\\nViEW OF Bay fkom Shot Pauk, Navy-Yakd.\\nians, the natives of the country. The first settlement was\\nmade by the Spaniards, in 1686. The first Governor was\\nAndre Arivola, who constructed a small fort, called San\\nCarlos, and erected a church upon the present site of Fort\\nBarrancas. The French took Pensacola in 1719 the Span-\\niards retook it, and the French again took it in the same", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "7J: FLORIDA.\\nyear and kept it until 1722, when it was restored to Spain.\\nIn the mean time, Pensacola had been removed to the west\\nend of Santa Rosa Island, near the present site of Fort\\nPickens, where the Spaniards constructed a fort, which af-\\nterward was improved by the English General Haldemand.\\nThe settlement remained on the island until 1754, when, the\\ntown being partly inundated, the site was removed to the\\nmagnificent location which it now occuj^ies. Pensacola was\\nceded to the English in 1763, by whom it was laid oif in\\nregular form in 1765. The town surrendered to the Span-\\nish arms in 1781. On the 7th of ISTovember, 1814, General\\nAndrew Jackson, with the American army, entered the\\ntown, when the English fleet in the bay destroyed the forts,\\nSan Carlos (at Barrancas) and Santa Rosa.\\nBy consulting the map of Pensacola and its surround-\\nings, the reader will observe the network of water-courses,\\nbays, and bayous centering at that city. The water is clear,\\nbright, and beautiful. Surf -bathing upon Santa Rosa beach,\\nas enjoyable as language can express, the salt-water bathing\\nin the bath-houses of the bay, and bathing in fresh water\\nas clear as crystal, can all be had within a distance of seven\\nmiles. The Perdido Bay is one of the loveliest sheets of\\nwater in the State, rivaled by the Escambia Bay, with its\\nbluffs and ever-moving fleets. Any attempt to particular-\\nize becomes confusing, as tbe special beauties and attrac-\\ntions of the different bays and bayous are remembered.\\nEscambia River is the Ocklawaha of West Florida. The\\nstranger who wishes to enjoy a short trip will be pleased\\nas the steamer plows through the broad, placid waters of\\nEscambia Bay, and then delighted with the luxuriance of\\nthe tropical growth as the vessel winds its way up the nar-\\nrow and tortuous channel of Escambia River to Molino.\\nAt this point the excursionist can take the train and return\\nby rail to Pensacola.\\nThe fresh-water fishing is superb. The waters liter-\\nally swarm with all kinds of fish, notably trout, black bass,\\nand pike. All varieties of perch abound, including a spe-\\ncial kind, a very game fish, called bream. It is not unusual\\nfor a good angler to pull out fifty to sixty of -these fish in\\nan hour, weighing from a half to one pound. Both in salt\\nand fresh water, fishing is carried on with pleasure and\\nprofit the entire year. In the bay and bayous every descrip-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. Y5\\ntion of salt-water fish abounds, and, in the season, fifty cents\\nwill purchase half a dozen Spanish mackerel of the size for\\nwhich the epicure pays seventy -five cents for one half in the\\nSpecimens of Pensacola Fish\\nrestaurants of I^ew York City. These fish, and the salt-\\nwater trout, give special excitement to those who love a\\ncontest with a very game fish. No one can claim to have\\nseen what fishing is until he has visited the snapper banks\\noif Santa Rosa Island. There the famous red snapper can\\nbe caught, two at a time, weighing from five pounds to\\nsixty, as rapidly as the line is thrown in. The limit to the\\nquantity catchable is commensurate with the physical en-\\ndurance of the catcher.\\nThe pleasure of boating at Pensacola is not confined\\nto fishing or idly rolling on the mighty wave, or smoothly\\nplowing the j^lacid waters but added to these charms are\\nthe numerous places in the vicinity to go to. The stranger", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "76\\nFLORIDA.\\nwho may visit it will not wonder at finding first on this list\\nSanta Rosa Island. Upon its beach, mid-day, in its over-\\nflowing brilliancy, makes the beholder feel as if, according\\nto Milton, another morn had risen on mid-noon. The\\nsunset comes with a splendor and glory unknown to more\\nnorthern climes. Santa Rosa Island is a sand-key of\\nthe Gulf, forty miles long, and varying in breadth from a\\nlluiNS OF Fort McKae, with Foet Pickens in the Distance.\\nfifth of a mile to over a mile across it is the breakwater\\nof Pensacola Harbor, and receives the shock of the rolling\\nseas of the Gulf of Mexico, which often break against it in\\nfury, while the waters of the bay within are still as a mill-\\npond, and scarce a ripple washes the beach of the city front,\\nseven miles away, though the water at the city is as salt as\\nthat in the center of the Gulf. The sea-beach of the island\\nis a gently sloping expanse of white sand, back and forth", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA.\\n77\\non which the advancing and receding waves will glide for\\nhundreds of feet. You can stand where no water is one\\nmoment, and the next be struggling waist-deej) against a\\nsurging wave that is climbing up the strand. This beach\\nis the incubator of the great turtles of the Gulf. Its grad-\\nual incline, the easily excavated sand beyond, and the warm\\nsouthern exposure, adapt it to their approach, the making\\nof nests, and hatching of their eggs. So they resort to it\\nfor this purpose, and in due time the young turtles are\\nhatched, unless the eggs are captured by the various creat-\\nures, biped and quadruped, who seek them in the season.\\nFrom Pensacola over to the island is about seven miles,\\nand as the land-breeze of the night sets fair across the bay,\\nit is a pleasant trip of moonlight nights to run over on a\\nsail-boat, land on the bay-shore, walk across the island.\\nwhich is not a third of a mile\\nwide opposite the city, and\\nseek for turtle-crawls on the\\nGulf-beach, or bathe luxuri-\\nously in the surf. The crawl\\nshows on the sand where the under-shell has been dragged\\nalong, and, folio w^ing this up to a point above the wash of\\nthe highest waves, the nest is found, usually about two and\\na half feet below the surface. A single nest will contain", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "78 FLORIDA.\\nfrom one hundred to tliree hundred eggs. At Sabine Pass,\\non Santa Rosa Island, alligators are found by the ten thou-\\nsand, and are killed in large numbers by hunters who fre-\\nquent the place.\\nWhile on the island, very few visitors fail to find an\\ninterest in collecting shells and sea-beans. Then comes a\\nvisit to Fort Pickens. This grand and historic old edifice,\\nthough denuded .of a portion of the iron dogs of war that\\nused to bay, not deep-mouthed welcome home, but roars\\nof defiance, still possesses a multitude of pleasant and in-\\nteresting sights and objects that make a visit there both\\nprofitable and agreeable. Across the bay is the navy-yard,\\nand just west of the navy-yard is Fort Barrancas. Both\\nare beautiful, and will interest the most indifferent. Added\\nto the novelties to be seen is the delightful society enjoyed\\nby all who know the hospitable and intelligent officers of\\nboth the garrisons. Below Barrancas is the Pensacola\\nLighthouse.\\nAn interesting and agreeable route from Pensacola to\\nTallahassee is via one of the popular Henderson line of\\nsteamers to St. Mark s, and thence by the railroad. The\\npleasures of a Gulf trij) are detailed at length in another\\nchapter. St. Mark s is a very ancient port, one of the set-\\ntlements made by the original Spanish explorers of Flor-\\nida. Shortly after its settlement a large stone fort and\\npier were built but they were long ago permitted to de-\\ncay, and were finally destroyed by the settlers desiring the\\ncut rock for their own uses. It is now a deserted village,\\nonly two or three small and unpretentious buildings mark-\\ning this famous spot, romantic in historical events, beauti-\\nful in scenery, and once a busy mart, the second seaport\\nin all the United States to boast of a railroad terminus.\\nFrom here to Tallahassee, twenty-one miles distant, runs a\\nrailroad, built in 1835- 36. This was, in its early days, a\\nvery busy little road, the outlet of all the productive cot-\\nton region lying inland. At that time the planters lived in\\nprincely style, fairly rolling in wealth for those were the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 79\\nhalcyon days of the slave -owning cotton-planters, and this\\nwas their paradise. The road is now almost disused,\\ntrains only passing over it twice a week, on steamer-\\nday, connecting with the weekly Henderson steamers.\\nTallahassee, the capital of the State, the floral city of\\nthe flowery South, is one of the loveliest places in all\\nAmerica, It is built upon the broad, gently rolling sur-\\nface of a high hill, surrounded on all sides by other lovely\\nhills and deep valleys, for it is in a region of hills, valleys,\\nand lakes. It is laid out in squares, with Main Street\\nwhich is its principal business street lined mostly on one\\nside with j^lain, old-fashioned brick stores for a distance of\\nfour blocks. This street is fairly level and wide. All the\\nother streets are charmingly irregular and uneven in fact,\\nmany are quite declivitous and are lined with grand, old,\\nmammoth-sized magnolias, oaks, maples, elms, and other\\nmagnificent shade-trees. Broad, roomy, open squares are\\nfrequent, all shady, park-like, and inviting.\\nAt one end of the city stands the State-House, a large\\nand very plain brick structure, painted a light color, with a\\nfront and rear portico, having each six great two-story col-\\nuQins. It stands in a spacious square on the crest of the\\nhill, and can be seen from a long distance. The grounds\\nare laid out with winding paths and lawns, shaded by\\nmany grand old magnolias, oaks, and the like, and the air\\nis redolent with perfume from the many flowers always\\nblooming there.\\nIt is an unpretentious old city, with an air of village-\\nlike rustic simplicity no factories (except one cotton-\\nmill) all is quiet, country life. The residence avenues\\nare mostly lined with cozy little cottages, and comfortable,\\nroomy, substantial mansions^ of the good old-time style of\\narchitecture, and all are surrounded by neatly fenced lawns\\nand gardens, almost all having quite ample grounds, well\\nkept and flowers, flowers, flowers Everywhere in the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "80 FLORIDA.\\ngreatest abundance are flowers. A most creditable pride\\nin their lovely home-grounds is exhibited by the citizens,\\nwho seem to have a friendly rivalry in this beautiful orna-\\nment of nature, that is expressive of culture and a fine taste\\nfor the beautif 111. Tallahassee is truly a floral city.\\nThe suburbs are everywhere lovely, and the views\\nfrom the streets or house-tops especially the roof of the\\nState-House are exceedingly fine. The surrounding coun-\\ntry is a vast range of hills, valleys, brooks, lakes, park-\\nlike clusters of large trees, broad, well-cultivated fields,\\nlarge plantation dwellings and cotton-gins, and distant\\nforests in all, a remarkably beautiful natural panorama\\nof nature, such as is seen nowhere else m Florida.\\nHere we remained several delightful days at the quaint,\\nold, tavern-like City Hotel, enjoying numerous drives\\nabout the surrounding country. One beautiful day I rode\\nout to Goodwood, the grand old estate of Major Arvah\\nHopkins, several miles out of town. This residence was\\nwell worth visiting, because it affords a striking evi-\\ndence of how elegantly the old-time planters enjoyed\\nlife. Erected in 1844, it comprises numerous buildings\\nranged around a large square in the rear, used for laun-\\ndry, cook-house, milk-house, saddle and harness house,\\netc., etc. and the spacious surrounding grounds are\\nlaid out in park-like style, with paths, lawns, and innu-\\nmerable strange plants, ferns, and flowers. Another day\\na party of us went on a trip to Lake Jackson, a large\\nand long lake, six miles from the city. It closely re-\\nsembles Cayuga Lake in New York, surrounded by high\\nbluffs, all cleared, and everywhere the broad fields reach-\\ning down to the water s edge.\\nCaptain C. E. L)yke, our escort on this tri]^, and in\\nwhose company I enjoyed many other rides and trips,\\nbesides evenings at his elegant home, is one of the most\\nnotable residents of Florida. A native of New Hamp-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 81\\nsliire, where he long ago learned the j)rinter s trade, he\\ncame to this State in 1839, and at once found a job\\nin the office of The Floridian, established in 1828.\\nIn 1847 he had worked his way up from the case to the\\neditorial chair, and in that year assumed control of the\\npaper, which he has ever since so ably conducted, with-\\nout a single failure to go to press regularly each week\\nin all that long period of time. Besides being the Nes-\\ntor of Florida editors, he has for many years been State s\\nprinter and his office, close by the State-House, is a\\nfavorite consultation-room for all State officials, who, as\\na rale, have always placed implicit confidence in his\\nopinions and advice. He is undoubtedly the best in-\\nformed upon all matters, political and legal, pertaining\\nto Florida, as a Territory and as a State, of any one\\nliving. For upward of forty years he has been the in-\\ntimate friend, confidant, or adviser of nearly all public\\nofficials. Knowing all the secret and unwritten history\\nof the State, his stock of historical and personal remi-\\nniscences is very great, and, if written up, would make\\na volume at once interesting and instructive.\\nOne of the pleasantest resorts in the capital at the\\ntime of our visit was the official apartments of Governor\\nW. H. Bloxham, then Secretary of State. An unusually\\ngenial, oif-hand, sociable gentleman, utterly free from\\nostentation, he is the favorite of all the State officials,\\nand of a large circle of life-long, intimate friends. Gov-\\nernor Bloxham is a native of Florida, and is the first\\ngentleman elected to that position who has been able to\\nboast of such a distinction. He was born very nearly\\nwithin sight of the capital, wdiere he now sits as Gov-\\nernor and his comfortable old home near the city, stand-\\ning in the midst of an immense plantation of several hun-\\ndred carefully cleared and cultivated acres, is one of the\\ngenuine, old-style cotton-plantations of the most hospita-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "82 FLORIDA.\\nble sort. In the electoral campaign of 1880 he was chosen\\nGovernor, and it was unquestionably a good choice, for he\\nis heart and hand in favor of any and all proper efforts to\\naid the cause of education, of immigration, and develop-\\nment of the State by railroads and similar improvements.\\nHe is, in particular, a warm friend of the public-school sys-\\ntem, and greatly admires the Northern and Western States\\nfor their earnest efforts in this cause. He also believes in\\nextending liberal aid to immigration, hoping to see Flor-\\nida the home of at least one million people, and covered\\nwith a network of railroads and canals. A stanch Demo-\\ncrat, he is not a Bourbon, but is one who did not believe\\nin the initial secession movement, and is heartily satisfied\\nwith the result. So far as he can control or influence the\\npeculiarly retrogressive elements that as yet exert much\\ninfluence in the political councils of this State, all may\\nbe sure that the rights and interests of new-comers will\\nbe protected.\\nAn exceedingly pleasant circle of gentlemen to be met\\nin Tallahassee are Chief-Justice E. M. Randall and his\\nAssociate Justices, R. B. Van Yalkenburg and T. D.\\nWescott, of the Supreme Court also Mr. Charles H.\\nFoster, their Clerk. Judge Randall is from Milwaukee,\\nhas lived here many years, and has an elegant home in\\nJacksonville. Judge Van Valkenburg is from western\\nNew York, was a distinguished General in the Union\\narmy, and Minister to Japan. He is also a long-time\\nresident here, is warmly attached to the State, and owns\\na very fine estate on the St. John s River just opposite\\nJacksonville. Judge Wescott is a resident of Tallahassee,\\nwhere he dispenses an elegant hospitality. These gentle-\\nmen are profoundly respected by all, irrespective of polit-\\nical creeds, and are of great benefit to the State as an\\nencouragement to immigration. They are an unimpeach-\\nable guarantee that life and property are and shall be", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 83\\nsafe in this State, and that lawless desperadoisni of the\\nsemi-political character the Mississippi plan will not\\nbe permitted or tolerated. The fact that these Northern-\\nborn gentlemen are members of the Supreme Court of\\nthe State is a greater aid to the cause of immigration\\nthan may be supposed, even by the most observing and\\nbest-disposed native resident.\\nNear the city stands the famous Murat estate, once\\nthe property of Prince Achille Murat, brother-in-law of\\nthe first Napoleon, members of whose family are buried\\nin the beautiful city cemetery. The estate is finely lo-\\ncated, and the building-site is unsurpassed, but the house\\nnow standing upon it is quite plain and unpretentious.\\nAnother local lion is the noted Wakulla Spring, which\\nI reached by a pleasant drive of sixteen miles. The\\nspring lies in a rather flat, uninteresting, pine-wooded\\nregion, near several cultivated cotton-plantations. It is\\nnearly circular in shape, about four hundred feet in di-\\nameter, and the shores are densely wooded to the Avater s\\nedge. A rude landing has been constructed, and an old\\ndarkey is always present with his boat to row the visitor\\nabout the glassily smooth surface of the pond. The sides\\nare very nearly perpendicular, and are composed of smooth\\nand solid rock. Sixty-six feet below the surface of the\\nwater is the first or upper level, a broad, shelving surface\\nof clean rock and through this is a large, irregularly cir-\\ncular opening apparently about one hundred feet in diame-\\nter, through which can be seen the lower level or bottom\\nof this w^onderful spring, a total depth of one hundred\\nand nine feet. The rock that forms the upper level is\\nevidently not very thick, for in one place there is a per-\\nfectly round opening about three feet in diameter, through\\nwhich can be plainly seen the second bottom, fifty-five feet\\nfarther below. It is a great, thin fringe of rock, like a\\ncrust, with a vast opening a little to one side of its center.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "84 FLORIDA.\\nThe water is so marvelously blue that indigo would\\nlook pale in comj)arison with it, and so clear that small\\ngravel and bits of tin one inch square could all be seen\\nplainly on the bottom. Countless fish, some quite large\\nand some very small, could also be seen lazily floating\\nabout in the distant depths. While the water is blue, the\\nrocks are of the most intensely brilliant green, over which\\noccasional phosphorescent flashes of shimmering light play\\nfitfully, producing a weird and phantasmal eft ect. There\\nis neither a ripple nor a motion observable in the water,\\nyet here is a stream that comes pouring up from the bow-\\nels of the earth and forms a river (the Wakulla River)\\nsixty feet wide and four feet deep.\\nThis is the spring that Ponce de Leon, the Spanish\\nadventurer and discoverer, romantically supposed to be\\nthe long-sought Fountain of Youth. He and his super-\\nstitious soldiers seem to have completely misunderstood\\ntheir interpreters or the Indians, who probably meant to\\nconvey the information that it was a spring of clear,\\nhealthy water, that had a beneficial effect upon the bather\\ntherein. He and his followers, being where St. Mark s\\nnow stands, sought out the Wakulla River and followed\\nit up to this spring, into which they eagerly plunged.\\nIt need hardly be said that they came out cleaner, but no\\nyounger and the lives of many innocent savages were\\nat once sacrificed to appease their disappointed anger.\\nThey found, or could see on the distant bottom, the\\nskeletons of two gigantic mastodons, their flesh all gone,\\nbut their bare bones perfect and white, their great curl-\\ning tusks interlocked, evidently fallen in and drowned\\nwhile engaged in a terrific combat on the brink. There\\nthe bones lay until, in 1835, Professor King, of Phila-\\ndelphia, engaged several men, some of whom are now\\nliving in Tallahassee, to recover them. This was success-\\nfully accomplished, and they were shipped on board a", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 85\\nschooner, to be placed in the museum in Philadelphia\\nbut, unfortunately, the vessel was lost at sea, in a gale\\noff Cape Hatteras, and these interesting skeletons were\\nfinally lost for ever.\\nReturning home from our visit to this romantic spring,\\nour party visited another smaller but very interesting\\nspring, and also examined a number of the many mys-\\nterious sinks that are found in that Wakulla region.\\nThese sinks are mostly circular in form, about fifty feet\\nin diameter and fifty to one hundred and fifty feet deep,\\nwith smooth sides, like great wells, only they are dry,\\nor have but little water in their deep bottoms, while large\\nlakes or rivers may be but a few hundred feet distant,\\nwith their waters nearly level with the surface of the\\nground. The wonder is, how there can be such a dif-\\nference between the levels of the waters in the lake and\\nin the sink how the water of the lake fails to get into\\nthe sink, and where the waters of the sink come from\\nand go to. These sinks are found in all portions of Flor-\\nida, and are a remarkable and characteristic feature of the\\npeninsula.\\nIn Wakulla County is a vast jungle of trees, vines,\\nwater, and marsh, that has never yet been fully explored.\\nNeither the United States nor the State Government has\\never attempted to survey it (in fact, there has never been\\na geological survey of this State). Several adventurous\\ngentlemen in Tallahassee have, on various occasions, at-\\ntempted to penetrate its depths, but found it impossible\\nexcept at much expense. As far as they penetrated, they\\nfound a strange country of volcanic appearance. Every-\\nwhere were seen great masses of rocks, often an acre in\\nextent, all cracked and ragged as if upheaved from a\\ngreat depth. Traces of gold, lead, copper, silver, and iron\\nare said to haA^e been discovered and abundant traces\\nof petroleum are found there, and in numerous other lo-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "86 FLORIDA.\\ncalities in that region. It is in this impenetrable jungle\\nthat the famous Florida volcano is supposed to ex-\\nist, for a column of light, hazy smoke or vapor may be\\n(and has been for years) seen rising from some portion\\nof it, and provokes the conundrum, What is it\\nAmong other strange freaks of nature in that region\\nis Lost Creek, where a large stream suddenly ends, evi-\\ndently plunging downward into the earth, in an abyss\\nthat is bottomless. Also the Natural Bridge across St.\\nMark s River, about seventy feet in width and the same\\nin span, over which people pass. A volume could be\\nwritten about the natural curiosities of Florida that\\nwould be deeply interesting and of scientific value. A\\nthorough scientific survey of this State should be ordered\\nby the State authorities but, with the present class of\\nable tax-reducers, it is a futile hope to expect any such\\nmeasure to be authorized.\\nThe people of Tallahassee have a beautiful custom of\\nholding a fair, early each spring, that probably differs\\nfrom anything ii\\\\ the way of the fair exhibitions held\\nelsewhere in the South. It is a floral fair, held at their\\nspacious fair-grounds, open to all, but of course nearly\\nor quite all the exhibits are made by the Tallahasseeans.\\nThe exhibits are vegetables, fruits, and flowers, especially\\nflowers. As might be conjectured, the managers, exhibit-\\nors, and patrons generally, are the ladies, who take great\\ninterest and pride in this exhibition, so distinctively local,\\nso pleasant, and so indicative of refined taste and cult-\\nure. I attended the fair of 1880, held in March. Floral\\nHall was a beautiful sight, with a profuse display of\\nflowers, of all varieties, kinds, forms, colors, and perfumes,\\nall artistically arranged and exhibited to the best advan-\\ntage.\\nNowhere, it may be said in conclusion, is there a\\nmore refined and cultured society than in Tallahassee.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 87\\nAmong them ar\u00c2\u00a9 many descendants of the most promi-\\nnent and aristocratic old families of America, with names\\nthat recall old colonial, Revolutionary, and 1812 days in\\nthe battle-fields and in State councils and their large,\\nwell-attended schools, numerous, handsome churches, beau-\\ntiful homes and surroundings, all attest to the high stand-\\nard of the best society of Tallahassee.\\nFrom Tallahassee to Jacksonville the traveler passes\\nover the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile to Live\\nOak, and thence via the Savannah, Florida and West-\\nern Railroad. The other important towns in this section,\\nbesides those mentioned, may be briefly dealt with.\\nMonticello, in Jefferson County, thirty-three miles east\\nof Tallahassee, is the terminus of a branch railroad about\\nfive miles long, and is a flourishing town of some two\\nthousand inhabitants. It contains two hotels, good schools,\\na weekly newspaper, and churches of the several denomi-\\nnations, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Bap-\\ntist. The climate is almost identical with that of Talla-\\nhassee, and the adjacent country is very similar in appear-\\nance to that which surrounds the capital. ISTear Monticello\\nis the Lipona plantation, where Murat resided for some\\ntime while in Florida and in the vicinity is Lake Mic-\\ncosukee, whose banks figure in history as the camping-\\nground of De Soto, and as the scene of a bloody battle\\nbetween General Jackson and the Miccosukee Indians.\\nMadison is a pretty town of about eight hundred in-\\nhabitants, situated on the raihvay, fifty-five miles east of\\nTallahassee. It is the capital of Madison County, is built\\non a plain near a small lake, and contains Presbyterian,\\nBaptist, and Methodist churches. The Suwanee River is\\nnear by, and in the county are Lakes Rachel, Francis,\\nMary, and Cherry.\\nLive Oak, the county-seat of Suwanee County, is at\\nthe junction of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "88 FLORIDA.\\nand the Savannah, Florida and Western Railways, and is\\nthe half-way point between Tallahassee and Jacksonville.\\nThe surrounding country is pine-woods with sandy soil,\\nwhich looks poor, but which, with a little manure and\\ngood cultivation, produces excellent crops. There are a\\nnumber of market-gardens in the vicinity, and great quan-\\ntities of vegetables are shipped from this point to North-\\nern markets. The town spreads over a good deal of\\nground, and contains about eight hundred inhabitants.\\nA live weekly newspapei The Bulletin, is published\\nhere, the schools are good, and there are churches of\\nseveral denominations, with some respectable store-build-\\nings and a number of pleasant residences. Five miles\\nsouth of the town (connected with it by a tram-road,\\nor wooden railway) is Padlock, and four miles north is\\nthe little village of Rixford.\\nHouston lies six miles east of Live Oak, on the rail-\\nroad, and is surrounded by a good farming country. Near\\nthe town are some fine springs, and in the vicinity are sev-\\neral beautiful lakes containing an abundance of excellent\\nfish. Wellborn, twelve miles east of Live Oak, is a much\\nlarger place, and among its population are a number of\\nsettlers who have come thither from Indiana, Illinois, and\\nIowa. There are some fine hammock-lands near the town,\\nand in the neighborhood are Lake Wellborn and other\\nlakes teeming with fish. Only eight miles away are the\\nfamous Suwanee White Sulphur Springs, attractively situ-\\nated on the banks of the Suwanee River.\\nLake City, the most important place in this region,\\nis on the railroad about fifty miles west of Jacksonville.\\nIt is a prosperous and substantially built town of some\\ntwenty-five hundred inhabitants, with a number of brick\\nstores, well-kept hotels, seven or eight churches, good\\nschools, tasteful private residences, and a large trade in\\nvegetables and other products of the surrounding coun-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 89\\ntry, including lumber and turpentine. Its climate, being\\ndrier tban that of Jacksonville, is thought to be more fa-\\nvorable to those consumptives who are in advanced stages\\nof the disease, and the place is a favorite winter retreat\\nfor such invalids. Lakes almost surround the town, hence\\nits name. Three miles south is Alligator Lake, which has\\nno visible outlet. In the wet season it is three or four\\nmiles across, but in winter it retires into a deep sink-\\nhole, and the former bottom is transformed into a grassy\\nmeadow.\\nThe following description of Suwanee County is from\\na letter written by Mr. N. C. Rippey to the Tallahassee\\nFloridian. We quote it because it is applicable to\\nall this portion of the State, and contains information\\nof value to immigrants\\nThe county lies in a big bend of the Suwanee River,\\nor at least the river forms the boundary-line on three sides.\\nThere is a high ridge extending across the county east and\\nwest, or nearly so, near the center north and south, some\\nfour miles or so in width. It is covered with the finest\\ngrowth of pine-timber in the county. In it is an abundance\\nof stone, in ledges and in bowlders. It is of a gray color,\\nvery soft can be easily cut with a knife or saw, and, on\\nbeing exposed to the air for some time, it becomes as hard\\nand durable as granite, and makes a very fine material for\\nbuilding purposes.\\nThe country north of the ridge is pine-woods with sandy\\nsoil. Here and there are to be found tracts of hammock-\\nlands, varying in size from a few acres to several hundred.\\nThese lands contain a rich, loamy soil, and a great variety\\nof excellent hard wood timber, suitable for all kinds of\\nbuilding and manufacturing purposes. There are a number\\nof beautiful lakes scattered over the country, containing an\\nabundance of excellent fish. There are numerous springs,\\nsome of them white sulphur, famed for their medical vir-\\ntues. There are branches or creeks gushing out of the\\nearth, and after flowing a few miles entirely disappear.\\nThe country south of The Ridge is more rolling and fer-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "90 FLORIDA.\\ntile, and is underlaid witli limestone that frequently conies\\nwithin a few inches of the surface. There are no lakes or\\nstreams of running water. There are a great number of\\nnatural wells that appear as though they were cut by\\nthe hand of man through solid rock they are round, or\\nnearly so, varying in size from a few inches to forty feet\\nor more in diameter, and from a few feet to forty or\\nmore to the edge of the water fish are frequently found\\nin the largest the water is clear and cool. There are\\na number of caves of considerable size, but they have nev-\\ner been explored to see how far they extend under the\\nearth.\\nThe pine-lands produce about fifteen bushels of corn\\nper acre. A little manure and good cultivation will yield\\nmore than double that cotton, about a bale to two acres,\\nsometimes three upland rice, from forty to sixty bushels\\nper acre oats and rye are raised in considerable quantities,\\nbut I was unable to learn the yield per acre sugar-cane\\ndoes well, and is a very profitable crop a great variety of\\nfine vegetables are raised and shipped to Northern markets\\nthere are a number of small vineyards in the county, and\\nsome excellent wine is made from the grapes there are\\nquite a number of small orange-groves, and, strange to say,\\nthey are nearly all planted by the hands of women it is a\\nfine country for peaches and pears. The people are just\\nbeginning to find out what a great variety of fruits and\\nvegetables they can raise, and everybody seems determined\\nto have an orchard of all kinds of fruit. Turpentining\\nhas become quite an industry, and there are several large\\nturpentine farms in the county that are reported to be very\\nprofitable.\\nThe Suwanee River is navigable for small steamboats\\nto the crossing of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile\\nRailroad, and for large steamers to Rowland s Bluff, near\\nthe southeast corner of the county. The river frequently\\nhas rocky bluffs and bottoms, and many fine springs are to\\nbe seen along the banks, and some rich lands.\\nThe population of the county in 1880 was 7,379, of\\nwhich 4,166 were white and 3,213 were black. Judging\\nfrom the number of immigrants that have gone into the\\ncounty this past fall and winter, the white population must\\nnow be about five thousand.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "A TRIP THROUGH NORTH FLORIDA. 91\\nDr. D. G. Brinton says The climate of tbis part of\\nFlorida is dry and equable. Many invalids would find it\\na very pleasant and beneficial change from the seacoast or\\nthe river-side, and immigrants would do well to visit it.\\nGame and fish are abundant, and the sportsman need never\\nbe at a loss for occupation.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER Y.\\nJACKSONVILLE, FERNANDINA, AND ST. AUGUSTINE.\\nJacksonville, the commercial metropolis and social\\ncenter of the State, is likely to be the first point at which\\nthe visitor to Florida will make anything of a stay the\\nplace where he will get his first impressions of the Land\\nof Flowers. It is a handsome and prosperous-looking city,\\ncovering a good deal of ground, and, particularly during\\nthe winter season, when all the hotels are thrown open to\\nthe thronging guests, it presents an animated and pictu-\\nresque appearance that is quite exceptional at the South.\\nThe streets are remarkably wide, and are nearly all shaded\\nby long rows of mammoth live-oaks, forming arcades of\\nembowering green in winter as well as in summer. Good\\nsidewalks of brick or planks contribute greatly to the\\ncomfort of pedestrians, but the streets themselves are too\\nsandy for raj)id or pleasant driving, and are heavy for\\nall vehicles.\\nBay Street is the principal business thoroughfare, and\\nruns parallel to and one block distant from the river. For\\na distance of about a mile it- is lined on both sides with\\nstores, offices, and other mercantile buildings, including\\nseveral of the leading hotels. The Astor Building, at the\\ncorner of Bay and Hogan Streets, is the finest in the city,\\nand in it, besides several stores and a number of offices,\\nis the United States Signal-Service station. Horse-cars,\\nconnecting the railroad-depots, run along Bay Street, up", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "JACKSONVILLE.\\n93\\nCatherine to Duval Street to the St. James Hotel, down\\nHogan Street and back to the starting-point, making a\\nvery convenient circuit. On the river at the foot of Ocean\\nStreet-Scene in Jacksonville\\nStreet is a fine public market, and there is a smaller one up-\\ntown at the corner of Hogan and Church Streets. Many\\nof the shops make a specialty of Florida curiosities (the\\nmajority of them manufactured in New York), and con-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "94: FLORIDA.\\nnected with that of Damon Greenleaf, on Bay Street, is a\\nMuseumenagerie, which will prove interesting to vis-\\nitors, and the admission to which is free.\\nThere is in the city a quite remarkable number of hand-\\nsome residences, and with very few exceptions they are\\nsurrounded by ample grounds laid out in tasteful gardens\\nand lawns. Sometimes these gardens are perfect little\\nparks, and the fruits, flowers, and shrubs all indicate a\\nsemi-tropical region. The society of Jacksonville is uni-\\nversally admitted to be unusually select, cultured, and re-\\nfined and the reasons are not far to seek. Many of the\\nmost prominent citizens have been drawn thither from all\\nparts of the country on account of its climatic advantages,\\nand are in general the picked men of their several locali-\\nties. At any gathering of the best society there will be\\nfound gentlemen who have occupied high positions in all\\nportions of the United States, and in nearly all professions\\nand occuj^ations in the army, the navy, the judicial, the\\npolitical, literary, artistic, and commercial world. As ex-\\namples, I may mention that General Spinner, he of the\\nfamous greenback autograph, owns a beautiful home here,\\nwhither he has retired to enjoy the well-deserved comforts\\nof an honored old age and that Judge Thomas Settle, of\\nthe United States Circuit Court, the original of Judge\\nDenton in The Fool s Errand, has another fine residence.\\nDuring the winter season the great hotels (the St. James,\\nthe Windsor, the Carleton, the National, etc.) are thronged\\nwith wealthy tourists from all parts of the world, and the\\nplace has then all the gayety and animation of a leading\\nsummer resort at the North.\\nSituated on the left bank of the St. John s, at the point\\nwhere that noble river makes a sharp bend to the east, thej\\ncity presents a very attractive appearance from the water,\\nand from its higher points commands a pleasing outlook\\nupon the stream and its low-lying opposite shore. Its situ-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "FEENANDINA. 95\\nation is a very favorable one for commerce, and its trade\\nis very extensive, particularly in lumber, the preparation\\nof wbich gives employment to a number of. large saw-\\nmills. Nearly all the railroad and steamer lines of the\\nState center at Jacksonville, and immense quantities of\\nfruit and early vegetables, as well as of cotton and sugar,\\nare shipped thence to Northern and foreign ports.\\nWith what are known as the modern conveniences\\nthe city is well supplied. It is lighted with gas, has an\\nexcellent system of water-works drawing the water from\\nartesian wells, and has recently been provided with an\\neffective system of sewers. The public schools are well\\norganized and in successful operation there are a circu-\\nlating library and a free reading-room Episcopalian, Pres-\\nbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and Catholic churches banks,\\npublic halls, newspapers, and telegraphic connection with\\nall parts of the United States. According to the census\\nof 1880, the resident population was 14,500, and the rate\\nof growth has been and is very rapid. When Florida shall\\nhave achieved what now appears to be her manifest des-\\ntiny, Jacksonville will be one of the great commercial\\nand industrial centers of the country.\\nFernandina. This picturesque old city, one of the\\nmost interesting in Florida, lies on the Atlantic coast, about\\nfifty miles northeast of Jacksonville, close to the Georgia\\nline, being the northernmost point in the State. It is built\\non the west shore of Amelia Island, overlooking a broad\\nbay which affords the finest harbor on the coast south of\\nthe Chesapeake Bay, and which gives it important commer-\\ncial advantages. Vessels drawing twenty feet of water can\\ncross the bar at high tide, and the largest ships can un-\\nload at the wharves. The Mallory Line of Direct Florida\\nSteamers has its southern terminus at Fernandina, and the\\nsteamers of the Charleston and Savannah lines call here on\\n5", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "96 FLO BID A.\\ntheir way to and from Jacksonville. One of the most im-\\nportant railroads of Florida the Atlantic, Gulf and West\\nIndia Transit Railroad begins at Fernandina and runs\\nsouthwest across the State to Cedar Keys and the Fer-\\nnandina and Jacksonville Railroad, recently completed, af-\\nfords a short air-line route between these two cities. With\\nsuch advantages, it is not surprising that the commerce of\\nFernandina is large and increasing. Immense quantities\\nof fruits and vegetables are brought thither by the rail-\\nways for shipment north and there is an important export\\ntrade in lumber, cotton, and sugar.\\nFernandina was founded by the Spaniards in 1632, and\\nhas an interesting history, over which, however, I have not\\ntime to linger. It is now a busy and prosperous place of\\nabout two thousand inhabitants, whose numbers are largely\\naugmented by visitors during the winter season. It is built\\non a broad plain that rises gently from the shores of the\\nbay, showing to fine advantage from the harbor. The\\nstreets are laid out at right angles, are wide and generally\\nwell kept, and are everywhere densely shaded with great\\noaks, magnolias, and similar evergreen trees. The business\\nportion of the city contains some substantial structures\\nbut the largest and finest buildings are the hotels. The\\nEgmont Hotel is one of the finest in the South, and the\\nMansion and Riddell Houses are spacious and well kept, all\\nbeing crowded during the season. The suburbs are very\\nbeautiful, the houses being for the most part tastefully con-\\nstructed, and nearly always surrounded by ample grounds\\nlaid out in lawns and gardens, and covered with a tropical\\nluxuriance of flowers and shrubbery. Quite a number of\\norange-groves are found in the vicinity, and opposite the\\nEgmont House is an interesting grove of palmettoes.\\nCrossing the island in a direction due east from the\\ncity, an attractive drive two miles long leads to the famous\\nAmelia Island Beach, one of the finest in Americaj and af-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "FERNANDINA.\\n97\\no", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "98 FLORIDA.\\nfording an unsurpassed beach-drive of twenty miles. The\\nbeach is as smooth, as hard, and as level as a floor and\\nduring the season it presents an enlivening sight, with\\nits long lines of carriages and other equipages. Another\\ncharming ride may be enjoyed to Fort Clinch, a romantic\\nold fortification situated on the extreme northern point of\\nthe island.\\nBut of all the attractions of Fernandina and its vicin-\\nity the chiefest is Dungeness, once the home of Gen-\\neral Nathanael Greene, of Revolutionary fame, and now\\nthe property of General W. G. M. Davis. This noble\\nestate was granted to General Greene by the State of\\nGeorgia, in recognition of his splendid services to the\\nSouth, and is situated on Cumberland Island, about an\\nhour s sail from Fernandina in a small steamer. Cum-\\nberland Island lies along the coast of Georgia, close to\\nthe Florida line, and is some eighteen miles long by\\nabout a mile in average width. On one side lies the\\nbroad Atlantic, and on the other is the sound, across\\nwhich, at the distance of about a mile, is the mainland.\\nDungeness, so named by General Greene s wife, is situ^\\nated at the southern end of the island, and includes\\nabout one third of its total area. The magnificent man-\\nsion was burned in the early part of the civil war, but the\\nruins still stand firm as a rock, the massive old coquina-\\nstone walls having actually been hardened by the fire.\\nIn the quaint old burying-ground, some distance from the\\nhouse, lie a number of the relatives of General Greene and\\nhis wife and here is the tomb of Light-Horse Harry\\nLee, father of General Robert E. Lee.\\nOn a charming morning in January, 1880, I visited\\nDungeness, and spent a couple of hours in wandering\\nabout the beautiful grounds, with their curious old gar-\\ndens and fruit-groves. It was my second visit to the\\nplace, and I felt that I could exist there as a modern", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "ST. AUGUSTINE. 99\\nRobinson Crusoe, if need be, and never tire of its love-\\nliness. Such teeming gardens such brilliant flowers\\nsuch wide fields such noble groves of grand old live-\\noaks and magnolias such a tropical luxuriance of tan-\\ngled vines such broad, winding avenues, leading from\\nthe water to the house-park such delightfully perplex-\\ning walks such a glorious sea-beach, the twin of that\\non Amelia Island such oysters, lining the sound-shore\\nin millions such game and fish and such a clear, pure\\nair no, never could I tire of Dungeness dreamy, ro-\\nmantic, delicious, entrancing old Dungeness\\nSt. Augustine. The visitor to St. Augustine may en-\\njoy the consciousness that the spot on which he then stands\\nhas behind it a longer stretch of authentic history than any\\nother within the limits of the United States. It is, indeed,\\nthe oldest European settlement in our country, having been\\nfounded by the Spaniards under Menendez in 1565, forty-\\ntwo years prior to the settlement of Jamestown in Virginia,\\nand fifty-five years before the landing of the Pilgrims at\\nPlymouth Rock. Its history has been checkered and ro-\\nmantic in the highest degree it was from the very first a\\nplace of considerable note, and the theatre of interesting\\nevents and it still possesses a curious aspect and flavor of\\nantiquity. Coming to it from bustling, active, Northern-\\nlike Jacksonville or Fernandina, one is conscious of a com-\\nplete and sudden change of time and place as if the brief\\nride on steamer and railway had produced magic results,\\nand landed him in some quaint, old, dead-alive Spanish town\\nof the middle ages. The large influx of wealthy settlers\\nfrom the North has greatly altered the character of the\\nplace within the past few years but the smart modern vil-\\nlas still have the air of foreign intruders, and the quaint,\\nromantic old city retains at once its individuality and its\\nunlikeness to anything else in America.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "100\\nFLORIDA.\\nI,^aK\\ni^^^li.^K\\nStkeet in St, Augustine.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "ST. AUGUSTINE. 101\\nThe site of St. Augustine is a flat, sandy, narrow pen-\\ninsula, formed by tlie Matanzas River on the east and the\\nSt. Sebastian on the south and west. It is separated from\\nthe Atlantic Ocean by Anastasia Island, which lies directly\\nin front of the harbor, and for miles around it is encom-\\npassed by a tangled undergrowth of palmetto scrub and\\nother bushes. From Jacksonville it is about thirty miles\\ndistant in a southeasterly direction, and it is about forty\\nmiles south of the mouth of the St. John s River.\\nThe very streets of St. Augustine are romantic and\\ncharacteristic, being crooked and narrow seldom more\\nthan ten to twenty feet in width and all paved with\\nshells. The older houses are built mostly of coquina (or\\nshell-stone, quarried on Anastasia Island), and the prevail-\\ning style of architecture is very quaint and ancient, the\\nverandas frequently hanging out over the streets and al-\\nmost touching each other across the narrow way. The\\nprincipal streets running parallel to the river are Bay,\\nCharlotte, St. George s, Spanish, and Tolomato. Those\\nrunning at right angles (east and west) are Orange, Cuna,\\nIlypolita, Treasury, King, Bridge, and St. Francis. Bay\\nStreet is the main business street, and commands a fine\\nview of the harbor, Anastasia Island, and the ocean. St.\\nGeorge s is the Fifth Avenue of the place, and contains\\nsome of the finest buildings and residences. At the head\\nof this street stands the famous City Gate, once a part of\\nthe old Spanish wall that extended acrgss the peninsula\\nfrom shore to shore, and protected the city on the north.\\nThe last traces of the wall have long since vanished, but\\nthe City Gate is in a fair state of preservation, and, with\\nits lofty ornamented towers and sentry-boxes, it is a pictu-\\nresque and imposing structure.\\nNear the center of the city is the Plaza de la Constitu-\\ncion, comprising about an acre of ground inclosed with a\\nsubstantial fence. In the center of the Plaza stands a", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "102\\nFLORIDA.\\nmonument erected in 1812 to commemorate the adoption\\nof the Spanish Liberal Constitution and on the eastern\\nside is a Soldiers Monument erected in 1872 by the Ladies\\nMemorial Association in memory of our loved ones who\\nSt. Augustine Cathedral.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "ST. AUGUSTINE.\\n103\\nThe Convent-Gate.\\ngave their lives in defense of the Confederate States.\\nFronting on the Plaza are several noteworthy huildings,\\namong them the dilapidated old cathedral with its qnaint\\nMoorish belfry, forming one of the sights of St. Angus-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "104 FLORIDA.\\ntine. The cathedral was built in 1793, and one of the bells\\nbears the date of 1682. Also fronting on the Plaza is\\nthe Governor s Palace, formerly the residence of the Span-\\nish governors, but now used for the post-office and court-\\nrooms. Next to this building on the north is the old Con-\\nvent of St. Mary s, and the Convent of the Sisters of St.\\nJoseph is a tasteful coquina building on St. George s Street,\\nsouth of the Plaza.\\nPerhaps the most interesting features of old St. Augus-\\ntine are the Sea Wall and Fort Marion (formerly Fort San\\nMarco). The Sea Wall is built of coquina, with a granite\\ncoping four feet wide, and is nearly a mile in length, pro-\\ntecting the entire ocean-front of the city. It furnishes a\\ndelightful promenade, and is usually thronged on moon-\\nlight evenings. Kear its south end are the United States\\nBarracks, occupying a building v/hich was formerly a Fran-\\nciscan monastery. At its north end, commanding the sea-\\nfront, is old Fort Marion, probably the most picturesque\\nstructure in America. Like the Sea Wall and most of the\\nolder edifices in St. Augustine, it is built of the coquina\\nquarried on Anastasia Island, and the construction of it\\noccupied one hundred and sixty-four years, having been\\ncommenced in 1592 and completed in 1756. The labor of\\nbuilding it was performed almost entirely by negro slaves,\\nIndians, and prisoners of war and every stone of it was\\ncemented with the sweat of toiling sufferers. While in the\\npossession of the British, this was said to be the prettiest\\nfort in the king s dominions and with its esplanade, moats,\\nbarbicans, drawbridges, massive arched entrance, dark pas-\\nsages, vaulted casemates, ornate sentry-boxes, frowning\\nbastions, and mysterious dungeons in which v^ere found\\nin 1835 two skeletons in cages, victims probably of some\\ninquisitorial cruelty it is still a strangely attractive and\\ninteresting spot. For modern warfare, of course, it is quite\\nuseless, and not being kept up for military purposes, it is", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "ST. AUGUSTINE.\\n105\\nquietly crumbling into decay. At present it is simply a fa-\\nvorite place of resort for sight-seers and curiosity-hunters.\\nIt is especially popular with romantic, newly-married tour-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0,-,^7!*fesfi i \u00e2\u0080\u00a2*=4\\nn--^7v-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nists, and with marriageable maidens and their escorts and\\nit is reputed to have no rival in the number of lovers", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "106 FLORIDA.\\nvows and marriage promises that have been exchanged\\nwithin its recesses.\\nOf the modern buildings at St. Augustine, the largest\\nand finest are the hotels the St. Augustine, fronting on\\nthe Plaza and Charlotte Street, and the Magnolia, in St.\\nGeorge Street, near the Plaza, being the principal ones.\\nThere are also quite a number of fine modern villa resi-\\ndences erected by Northern settlers, and in the environs\\nare many beautiful orange-groves and gardens. The har-\\nbor affords unsurpassed opportunities for boating and fish-\\ning and pleasant excursions may be made to the light-\\nhouses and coquina-quarries on Anastasia Island, and to the\\nNorth and South Beaches. Salt-water bathing may be\\nenjoyed in suitable bath-houses, but sharks render open sea-\\nbathing dangerous. The officers of the garrison and a\\nnumber of wealthy gentlemen who visit St. Augustine reg-\\nularly each season, have built and maintain a cozy little\\nyacht club-house, which is one of the leading attractions\\nof the place. It is built out over the water of the harbor,\\njust opjDosite the St. Augustine Hotel, and its hall, richly\\nfurnished in the Eastlake style and decorated with pictures,\\nis equipped with leading papers and periodicals from all\\nparts of the world. To the army ofiicers, some dozen or\\nmore in number, is due much of the social animation of St.\\nAugustine.\\nIn the matter of healthfulness St. Augustine takes a\\nhigh place among Florida resorts. Malaria is almost un-\\nknown, and the constant sea-breezes moderate the cold of\\nwinter and mitigate the heat of summer. Frosts seldom\\noccur, and the mean winter temperature is 58*08\u00c2\u00b0. Never-\\ntheless, cold northeasters are liable to make themselves felt\\nin January and February, and this renders the place less\\ndesirable for consumptives than some of the inland resorts.\\nThe summer climate is delightful.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER VI.\\nTHE ST. JOHlSr s EIVER.\\nThis famous river, from its mouth to its head-waters in\\nthe far-off regions of Southern Florida, is purely tropical\\nits waters, shores, scenery, vegetation, all animate objects,\\nthe birds in the air and on the water, the fish and reptiles\\nwithin its depths, are mostly strange, attractive, and in-\\ntensely interesting, especially to the Northern traveler. It\\nis the only really tropical stream in the United States navi-\\ngable its entire length, and is different from all others in\\nthat it reverses the usual order of the water-courses of\\nAmerica and flows due north. A sluggish, slow current, its\\nentire length lies parallel with, and is only separated by a\\nnarrow belt of land from, the Atlantic Ocean, into which it\\nempties at a point eighteen miles east of Jacksonville, close\\nto the Georgia State line.\\nFrom its source to its mouth it embraces three varieties\\nof streams, each entirely distinct in form, width, depth,\\nscenery, shores, soils, and vegetation and these strange\\ntransformations not only add greatly to the interest of the\\nriver, but relieve it of the monotony characteristic of long\\nrivers. The first stretch of the river, from its mouth to a\\npoint shortly above Welaka, a total distance of ninety-seven\\nmiles, is a vast lagoon, averaging from one to six miles in\\nwidth, deep, with a slow current, the shores a series of bold\\nbluffs and declivities, everywhere covered with extensive\\nforests of great live-oaks, sweet-gums, cypresses, willows,\\nand occasional magnolias. These forests tower up grandly,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "108 FLORIDA.\\ntheir wide-spreading branches loaded with waving festoons\\nof soft gray Spanish moss and interlaced with gigantic\\nvines, while the soil beneath is mostly free of heavy under-\\nbrush, presenting a romantic, park-like appearance as viewed\\nfrom the deck of the passing steamer.\\nThe settlements are frequent, and are usually attractive-\\nappearing villages, with noticeably large, well-built, bright-\\nlooking homes, neat grounds and fences, cozy-looking little\\nstores, fine long piers everything wearing an air of long-\\nestablished prosperity. Large estates, having commodious\\nresidences, with wide, roomy verandas, standing in the midst\\nof neatly cleared house-grounds, and surrounded by broad\\nfields and thrifty, green-leaved orange-groves, the home\\npier projecting into the river (for every one residing on the\\nSt. John s River must have a pier and a fleet of boats to\\ncomplete his happiness), are everywhere in sight, lining the\\nshores on either hand and charming the traveler with their\\nmanifest evidences of comfort and content. This region is\\nregarded as healthy, and is not infested by insects to any\\nunusually annoying degree. No portion of the State is more\\ndesirable for the health-seeker, or for the traveler in search\\nof repose, desiring only a quiet, cozy retreat for a summer-\\nlike home in mid-winter months, where all the choicest vege-\\ntables, daintiest fruits, and most brilliant-hued flowers, ex-\\ncellent fishing, and the pleasures of small-game hunting, may\\nbe enjoyed all the year round. For the settler, too, its\\nonly drawback is the liability to frosts in occasional years,\\ndamaging to the prospects of fruit-culture on a large scale\\nfor positive revenue but this is not an altogether bad feat-\\nure, since it enhances the healthfulness of the region. No-\\nwhere do figs, grapes, strawberries, pears, peaches, and all\\nkinds of vegetables, grow to better advantage or produce\\nmore abundantly. Oranges also do well on the east side,\\nwhere ample water protection is secured but lemons,\\nlimes, pineapples, and bananas are uncertain, though they", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "THE ST, JOHN S EIVER.\\n109\\nare unusually excel-\\nlent and nutritious if\\nripened without in-\\njury by frost.\\nNearly all tour-\\nists in Florida do\\nthe St. John s up\\nto Sanford, but com-\\nparatively few take\\na trip on that por-\\ntion of the river be-\\nlow Jacksonville; yet\\nthose who do not,\\nmiss a view which\\nequals in picturesque\\nstrangeness any river\\nscenery in America.\\nHere the river is a\\nbroad estuary, with\\nno perceptible cur-\\nrent, stretching spa-\\nciously between low-\\nlying shores, which\\nclose it in on either\\nhand with serried\\nranks of evergreen\\nforest-trees. No town\\nor hamlet breaks in\\nupon the primitive\\nsimplicity and wild-\\nness of the scene,\\nand the few houses\\nthat are here and\\nthere seen appear to\\nbe lapped and in-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "110 FLORIDA.\\nwrapped in a soft, dreamy, delicious quiet. Yet there is\\nno sense of -loneliness. On the broad bosom of the stream\\nat all hours may be seen the beautiful, swan-like steamers\\nas they come and go to and from New York, Savannah,\\nCharleston, and other ports and the countless sailing-ves-\\nsels that go down to the sea lend a perpetual animation\\nand interest to the scene. A winter home here, with a well-\\nkept garden, fruit-grove, and flower-decked lawn, a horse,\\ndog, gun, fishing-rod, and yacht, is as near an approach to\\nthe original Eden as one can reasonably expect in this world.\\nAs is the case with nearly all the Southern rivers, the\\nmouth of the St. John s is obstructed by a sand-bar, which\\ninterferes seriously with navigation, and which is now being\\ndealt with on the Eads system of jetties. Near the en-\\ntrance is the famous Pelican Bank, the resort of myriads of\\nsea-fowl and a little north is Fort George Island, which is\\na favorite summer resort of inland Floridians, and which\\nhas an hotel, several handsome residences, an observatory,\\na lighthouse, a quaint old Pilot Town, and some fine shell-\\nroads.*\\nThe round trip up the St. John s River from Jackson-\\nville and return involves about eight hundred miles of travel,\\nand every mile is deeply interesting, with its rapidly shift-\\ning scenes of tropical vegetation and life. Always on the\\nsteamers will the passengers be seen clustered on the decks,\\nforward and aft, all intently observing the novel and ever-\\nchanging panorama, admiring the numerous strange birds,\\nof several varieties, as they gracefully wheel off in the dis-\\ntance, or curiously studying the hideous attractions of the\\nalligators that may be discovered basking in the sunshine\\nA good view of the lower St. John s is obtained from the steamers\\nwhich run from Charleston and Savannah to Jacksonville. A better plan,\\nhowever, affording an opportunity for a short visit to Fort George Island, is\\nto take the little steamer which runs down the river from Jacksonville\\nevery afternoon, returning next morning.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "TEE ST. JOSN S ,BIVER. HI\\nalong the banks. Alligators are quite wise in their gen-\\neration, know the universal propensity of mankind to kill\\nsomething, and are aware of their own very tempting quali-\\nties as a target when exposed to a boat-load of travelers, of\\nwhom the masculine members are nearly all armed with\\ndeadly weapons so they do not offer any very extended\\nopportunity to study their physiognomies, but always rush\\nfor deep water, the principal impression they convey being\\nthat of a scurrying, splashing monster with a great tail\\ncurled upward, plunging head foremost into the water.\\nAbove Lake Monroe, in the savanna region, alligators are\\nvery plentiful and not shy, but below Lake George they\\nare very rare, and none are seen from the steamers.\\nTen miles above Jacksonville, on the west shore, is Or-\\nange Park, a neat village of broad gardens, wide streets, a\\nhandsome winter hotel, numerous pretty cottages, a river-\\nroad lined with large oaks (in one of these is built a lattice\\nsummer-house reached by easy ascending stairs), a long pier,\\nand a stylish wharf -house. Five miles farther, on the east\\nshore, is Mandarin, a cozy and prosperous village of roomy,\\nairy, neat homes the orange-groves, gardens, lawns, roads,\\nfences, and pier all giving unmistakable evidences of com-\\nfort and good taste. Here, showing prominently from the\\nriver, is the home of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Six\\nmiles above, on the western shore, is Hibernia, a pretty\\nhamlet, much resembling Mandarin. Indeed, the same de-\\nscription answers for both, and also for Magnolia, six miles\\nfarther up, on the western shore, equally pretty and thrifty.\\nGreen Cove Springs is three miles above (thirty miles\\nfrom Jacksonville), on a broad, deep bay on the western\\nshore. This is a charming village of several stores, two\\nlarge, well-furnished and finely appointed winter hotels,\\nand numerous pretty homes. The streets are shady and\\nneat, making it an attractive resort. The springs, from\\nwhich the village takes its name, are the principal attrac-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "112\\nFLORIDA.\\ntion, located in the center of the place and arranged for\\ndrinkmg and bathhig. The water is slightly sulphurous and\\nremarkably clear, sparkling, and copious.\\nPicolata, a pretty locality on the eastern shore, nine miles\\nabove, is a small hamlet of four or five houses, with orange-\\nMrs. Stowe s Eesidence.\\np-roves and on the same shore, four miles above, is Tocoi\\n(forty-three miles from Jacksonville). Here the traveler\\ntakes the cars for St. Augustine, fourteen miles distant,\\nacross a monotonous, flat, pine timbered country. Tocoi is\\nentirely uninteresting, merely a railway-depot, with freight-\\nwarehouse, car-shed, water-tank, and two small dwellings.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "THE ST. JOHN S RIVER. 113\\nThere is a moss curing and packing house near by, where\\nthe Spanish moss is prepared for mattresses for Northern\\nmarkets. This will probably become an important business\\nin Florida in the future. Federal Point, six miles above, is\\na small hamlet on the eastern shore, w^ith three or four cot-\\ntages, a store, and numerous young orange-groves. It is\\nnoted for the great quantity of strawberries growm there,\\nupward of fifty thousand quarts having been shipped in the\\nwinter and spring of 1881. Here are two of the finest\\norange-groves in the State, curiously noticeable because,\\ncontrary to all theories, arguments, or practical trials at-\\ntempted elsewhere, they are located on low, flat, inferior-\\nlooking pine-land, the surface being very little above water.\\nOrange Mills, five miles above, on the eastern shore, is in all\\nrespects similar to Federal Point.\\nPalatka, the county-seat of Putnam County, is seven\\nmiles above (sixty-one miles from Jacksonville). This\\nbeautiful young city is located at the head of a large bay\\non the western shore of the river, on a high, broad plateau,\\naffording a grand view up and down the river. The soil\\nthereabout is rich, susceptible of easy cultivation, and\\nyields abundant crops. Hundreds of market-gardeners are\\nsettled in the surrounding country, and vast quantities of\\nall kinds of garden-vegetables and small fruits are annually\\nshipped ISTorth. In the vicinity are many old, productive,\\nand valuable orange-groves and on the opposite side of\\nthe river (reached by ferry) is the grove of Colonel Hart,\\none of the most famous in the State.\\nPalatka is the second city in size on the St. John s Riv-\\ner, and is rapidly growing. It contains numerous large,\\nwell-stocked stores, packing-houses, warehouses, hotels, sev-\\neral handsome churches, public schools, and public build-\\nings. The streets are wide, neatly kept, and are generally\\nshaded Avith large oaks and orange-trees, and lined with\\nmany tastefully coiistructcd residences, and neat cottages", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114 FLORIDA.\\nwith ample house-grounds. Thrift, prosperity, good taste,\\nand enterprise are everywhere manifest. The Florida\\nSouthern Railway Company (narrow-gauge line), one of the\\nmost extensive corporations in the State, has its headquar-\\nters here, the car-shops, storehouses, depots, wharf, and gen-\\neral offices being all established. Also the general offices\\nEntbance to Hakt b Oeange-Geove.\\nof the Ocklawaha River and the Crescent Lake lines of\\nsteamers are here, and the Charleston and Savannah lines\\nof ocean-steamers make this place their up-river terminus.\\nIt will be seen that its shipping and transportation facilities\\nare quite important. The population is about eight hun-\\ndred, mostly energetic, Northern-born people.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "THE ST. JOHN S RIVER. 115\\nSan Mateo, on the eastern shore, four miles above Palat-\\nka, is a very attractive place, situated on a high bluff, with\\nnumerous large and thrifty old orange-groves, and many\\nvegetable-gardens. It has a telegraph-office, express-office,\\nand one of the largest orange-packing houses in the State,\\na church, public hall, school, stores, etc. The society is ex-\\ncellent, the dwellings are neat and attractive, and no place\\nhas a better reputation for healthfulness.\\nA short distance above is Dunn s Creek, leading into the\\nfamous Crescent Lake, about two miles wide and six miles\\nlong, a beautiful sheet of water lying between St. John s\\nand Yolusia Counties. It is surrounded by a fine region,\\nwith pleasing scenery and excellent soil. Crescent City,\\nOwasco, and Oakwood, are pretty little hamlets on its\\nshores, the first-named being the largest and most flourish-\\ning, with churches, schools, stores, hotel, etc. There are\\nseveral other little settlements rapidly increasing on the\\nlake, which is said to be quite healthy and to have notice-\\nably few insects. A steamer connects this region with\\nPalatka.\\nReturning to the St. John s, and journeying up-stream,\\nnext comes Buffalo Bluff, on the east shore, six miles above\\nSan Mateo. This is a pretty little settlement, with numer-\\nous thrifty young orange-groves and gardens. Three miles\\nabove, on the east shore, is Nashua, very similar in appear-\\nance to Buffalo Bluff. Saratoga, a little community, where\\nthe steamers occasionally stop, lies between the last-men-\\ntioned places, on the same shore. It has good soil, and will\\nlikely become a thriving town in time.\\nThree miles more brings us to Welaka, one of the most\\ncharming localities on the St. John s River, and one of the\\nhealthiest and prettiest settlements in the State. The loca-\\ntion is on a high bluff, crested with an extensive grove of\\npeculiarly beautiful and majestic live-oaks, and the soil,\\ngenerally free from underbrush, looks clean and park-like.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "116 FLORIDA.\\nHere are a number of the Lest orange-groves in tlie State.\\nThe residents exhibit much good taste in the construction\\nof their homes, and their gardens, lawns, flowers, and fences\\nare noticeably neat. Nearly opposite Welaka is the mouth\\nof the famous Ocklawaha River.\\nNorwalk is three miles above, on the western shore, the\\nsettlement being located about a mile back from the river,\\nin a region of good soil and attractive surroundings. It\\nhas schools, churches, stores, etc., and is noted for the ex-\\ncellence of its society and the great amount of vegetables\\nand garden-fruits produced, annually shipping large quan-\\ntities. It contains many fine orange-groves.\\nJust below this landing the character of the St. John s\\nRiver changes. Here the lower St. John s practically ends,\\nand the middle St. John s begins the broad, clear-water,\\nbay-like form abruptly terminates, and the steamer passes\\ninto a narrow channel, fifty to three hundred feet in width,\\nand remarkably crooked. The water is darker, with a cof-\\nfee-colored appearance which is attributed to the rank veg-\\netation of the region. This is the tropical jungle region of\\nthe river, and continues, with occasional exceptions in the\\nshape of pine or high-soil clearings, on up to Lake Monroe,\\neighty miles above Korwalk. The shores are mostly flat,\\nvery little above the surface of the river, which frequently\\nspreads out over the low boundaries of the channel proper,\\nand forms vast, shallow lakelets, where game resorts in\\ngreat numbers. Everywhere the shores are covered with a\\ndense growth of oaks, cypress, sweet-gum, willow, and the\\nlike, all interlaced with gigantic vines in greatest abun-\\ndance great clusters of gray Spanish moss hang from the\\nbranches, and the ground is covered to the water s edge\\nwith an impenetrable jungle of tropical grasses, reeds,\\nbrambles, and bushes. Brilliant-hued flowers some varie-\\nties are very large are everywhere, in the water, on the\\nbushes, the vines, and the trees, and add a novel beauty to", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "THE ST. JOHN S lilVER. 117\\nthe scenery. Occasionally a glimpse may be had of that\\nmysterious and infrequent air-plant known as loornanh-\\nhair, a mossy growth very closely resembling the long,\\nsoft, golden-hued hair of a young woman, and the clusters\\nwhen seen have an appearance of being thrown carelessly\\ninto a tree or bush. Mistletoe-boughs, with their bright-\\nred berries, are also everywhere seen. Here is the haunt\\nof the alligator, where the traveler has a first sight of these\\nfamous saurians. They are not plentiful, and must be seen\\nquickly, if seen at all, for they are very shy and have a dis-\\ntrust of steamers. The managers of the steamer-lines have\\nrecently issued strict orders forbidding any shooting from\\ntheir steamers, a wise and timely regulation, for, by their\\ninsane shooting at everything, the tourists were driving all\\nbirds, alligators, and animals from this portion of the river.\\nThe scene is also enlivened by the bright plumage snowy\\nwhite or brilliant red predominating of the many birds\\nand water-fowls as they gracefully skim through the air,\\nespecially the large, long-legged, long-necked, long-billed\\nwhite herons, which are very plentiful, and present a fine\\nsight as they majestically wheel in slow curves through the\\nair. This dense jungle scenery frequently impresses the\\ntraveler with an idea that the adjacent country is uninhabit-\\nable, but such an impression is erroneous, for this is merely\\na valley region there is excellent country lying back at\\ndistances varying from a few hundred feet to two miles.\\nResuming the journey up the river, from Norwalk it is\\ntwo miles to Mount Royal, on the eastern shore, a pretty\\nsituation with several neat homes and thrifty orange-groves.\\nThen a half-mile farther is Fruitland, a little settlement fa-\\nmous for good soil and large production of vegetables. To\\nFort Gates, a small hamlet on the west shore, it is three\\nquarters of a mile. Three miles above, on the eastern shore,\\nis Georgetown, situated at the north end of Lake George.\\nThis is a small trading-place, but is one of the most attrac-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "118 FLORIDA.\\nlive localities on the river, owing to the excellent taste shown\\nby the people living near the landing. Their dwellings,\\nlawns, fences, and gardens are extremely neat as seen from\\nthe steamer. Several fine, large orange-groves are near by,\\nthat bear heavy crops.\\nThe steamer here enters Lake George, one of the largest\\nand most attractive of the inland lakes of Florida. It is six\\nmiles wide and thirteen and a half miles long, famous for\\nthe variety and excellence of its fish, and as being the re-\\nsort of myriads of wild ducks and all kinds of water-fowls.\\nMany parties of sportsmen annually visit the lake for the\\nshooting and fishing, and always are delighted with their\\nsuccess. Lake George Post-Office is the first landing on\\nthe lake, two miles above Georgetown, a trim little j)lace on\\ngood soil. One and a half mile farther is Drayton Island\\nLanding, the port of this famous island, remarkable for its\\nfertility, abundant crops, and health. Seville, on the east\\nshore of the lake, is five miles distant, an attractive place,\\nwith a number of fine orange-groves and six miles above\\nis Spring Grove, a small but flourishing settlement on the\\nw^estern shore. Four miles more and the steamer is at the\\nfamous Volusia Bar, that hides itself beneath the water at\\nthe upper end of the lake, causing endless delay and annoy-\\nance to the steamers of the river often so low for weeks,\\nfalling to three and a half feet, that none but the lightest-\\ndraught boats can cross. An appropriation has recently\\nbeen made by the national Government, and a force is at\\nwork removing the obstruction, on the Eads jetty system.\\nAgain entering the river, which is here much narrower\\nand shallower, five miles from the bar is Volusia, on the\\neastern shore, an unattractive landing, the port of a thrifty\\nback country. On the opposite shore, a quarter of a mile\\nabove, is Astor, merely a well-constructed, large warehouse\\nand wharf, the river terminus of the St. John s and Lake\\nEustis Railroad, a narrow-gauge road leading to Fort Mason", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "THE ST. JOHN S RIVER. 119\\n(twenty-six miles distant), wliere it opens up the famous\\nLake Eustis and Lake Dora region, the equal even the su-\\nperior\u00e2\u0080\u0094of any region in Florida for superb scenery, excel-\\nlent soil, rapid growth, and healthy enterprise.\\nFrom Astor it is three miles up to Bluffton, a common-\\nplace post-office landing and two miles above is the en-\\ntrance to Lake Dexter, on the east shore, a fine little lake\\ncontaining a number of pretty islands, and affording an out-\\nlet for Spring Garden and a good back country. From the\\nentrance it is twelve miles up to St. Francis, an unattractive\\nlanding on an elevated site, once the location of an old-time\\nSpanish settlement. Six miles above is Hawkinsville, on\\nthe west shore, a mail-landing with two or three houses on\\na level clearing of evidently fertile soil, judging from the\\nthrifty appearance of the oranges and bananas growing there.\\nIt is remarkable for an extensive quarry or bed of coquina,\\nor shell-rock, the only formation of the kind in this section\\nof the State or along the entire river.\\nDe Land Landing is one mile above, a solitary, neatly\\nconstructed storehouse on the east shore, the port of De\\nLand village, which lies four and a half miles in the interior.\\nIt is three miles more to Lake Beresford, a pretty sheet of\\nwater lying on and adjoining the river on the east side.\\nHere the steamer enters and crosses the small lake to Ros-\\nsiter s, and Alexander s, two landings near each other, small\\nsettlements of three or four cheap, rude little buildings,\\nthe ports of the Spring Garden and De Land villages and\\nan excellent adjacent region of fertile soil and numerous\\nsettlers.\\nAgain passing up the river, from the entrance of the\\nlake it is five miles to Blue Springs on the east shore, a\\nrather interesting landing-place, a wharf, roadway, one resi-\\ndence on a little hill surrounded by a number of exceedingly\\nlarge orange-trees that annually bear a thousand and more\\noranges each. The spring, that gives the name, is just\\n6", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "120 FLORIDA.\\nbelow a large pond of remarkably blue, sparkling water of\\nslightly sulphurous flavor, and full of large fish (here for\\ntheir health, probably It is the port for Orange City\\nvillage, on the high lands two miles in the interior.\\nEight miles above is We-ki-va, a mere solitary rude log\\nshanty on the east shore just opposite the mouth of the\\nWe-ki-va Creek, a dismal location. Here passengers and\\nfreights for Altamont and Apopka are transferred to the\\nlittle craft that ascends to those enterprising towns. Six\\nmiles above, passing through a broad, level, open prairie\\nbelt the first on the river the steamer enters Lake Mon-\\nroe at its western end (the lake lies east and west), and\\nin four miles more the steamer is at Sanford, a total dis-\\ntance of one hundred miles, by mail-line steamer route,\\nabove Palatka, and one hundred and sixty- one miles above\\nJacksonville.\\nLake Monroe is four and a half miles wide and ten miles\\nlong, and well stocked with excellent fish. It is practically\\nthe head of the middle St. John s River, and the lower ter-\\nminus of the upper St. John s and at Sanford, on the\\nsouth shore, freights and passengers for the interior of\\nOrange County (Maitland, Osceola, Interlaken, Orlando,\\nsome portions of Altamont and Apopka) are transferred\\nto the South Florida Railroad at its fine wharf. Also goods\\nand passengers for far-off tropical Lake Worth, Indian\\nRiver, and the cattle-prairies of the south, are transferred\\nto the curious little steamers specially constructed for the\\nshallow, crooked channel of the upper St. John s.\\nOne mile east of Sanford is Mellonville, merely a pier,\\nan old hotel, and a few dwellings. Everything here was\\nonce well constructed, and this was at one time the only\\nsettlement on the lake, and quite an important place. It\\nwas established in 1835 as a military post during the wars\\nwith the Seminole Indians, the landing for the town and\\ngarrison of Fort Reed, two miles in the interior, where is", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "THE ST. JOHN S RIVER. 121\\nnow quite an attractive little village and several of the old-\\nest, best, and most productive orange-groves in the State.\\nDirectly op]30site, on the north shore of the lake, is En-\\nterprise, the county-seat of Volusia County. It is located\\non a plateau that rises to a considerable height back some\\ndistance from the lake. The soil is excellent and very fer-\\ntile. The town contains a court-house and county build-\\nings, a spacious winter hotel, three or four stores, and a\\nlarge saw-mill. It is a neat, pleasant-appearing place and a\\nfamous resort for tourists in the winter season. In the\\nvicinity, or suburbs, are several fine residences, the winter\\nhomes of Northern families. Much taste is shown in these\\ndwellings, their lawns, gardens, and surroundings. Here is\\nthe famous estate of De Bary (the wine-importer of New\\nYork City), quite worth a visit to see the extensive groves,\\npacking-house, piers, and such improvements established.\\nA spring of sulphur-water gushes from the earth in the\\ncenter of a large field on the lake-shore on the De Bary\\nestate. The spring is about fifty feet in diameter, very\\ndeep, and the waters remarkably green and strongly im-\\npregnated with sulphur. A large hotel, to eclipse anything\\nof the kind in the South as a winter resort, is being con-\\nstructed there, for which the locality is peculiarly adapted.\\nIn this vicinity are a number of the largest and oldest\\nbearing orange-groves in the State.\\nThe question of distances on the St. John s River from Jacksonville\\nto Sanford is very puzzling to the tourist, and even to old residents, owing\\nto the differences in the tables of distances given in the innumerable little\\nadvertising hand-books, so-called guide-books, railway-charts, etc., varying\\nfrom one hundred and forty -four to two hundred and thirteen miles, in-\\ncluding many intermediate quantities. Some quote per United States\\nsurvey, which is erroneous, as there has been no United States survey, ex-\\ncept a mere visit known officially as a preliminary reconnaissance. The\\nfigures as given in this article were obtained from Captain- William Shaw,\\nan officer who has navigated the St. John s twelve years as captain of sev-\\neral steamers, and who at present commands the steamer Fred De Bary, the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "122 FLORIDA.\\nFrom Lake Monroe to the extreme southern head-waters\\nof the St. John s Biver, in Lake Washington, is a journey\\nof two hundred and fourteen miles, following the river-\\nchannel, which is remarkably crooked, narrow, and shallow.\\nThe region above Lake Monroe (the upper St. John s re-\\ngion), the third section of this strange stream, is a total\\nchange from the two lower sections already described. It\\nis a vast prairie region, with occasional clusters, or small\\ngroves, of palmetto, sometimes a solitary tree, or half a\\ndozen in a group. Here are seen great herds of cattle, for\\nit is an excellent grazing region, and here the lazy, hideous,\\nbut cowardly alligators are found in all their glory. Being\\nseldom disturbed by man, they thrive in all this region in\\ngreat numbers, attain their fullest size, and are not so\\ntimid can be approached nearer than in the northern sec-\\ntions of the State. The entire region is literally alive with\\ngame, the rivers and numerous lakes being full of fish of\\nmany varieties, the prairie-grasses and the groves filled\\nwith all kinds of small game, while bear and deer are abun-\\ndant, and in all directions may be seen ducks, geese, loons,\\ncoots, pelicans, storks, cranes, herons all kinds of birds and\\nfowls for food or plumage. It is a paradise for hunters and\\nanglers. The journey through this region is always deeply\\ninteresting to the traveler (if properly provided with sports-\\nmen s outfits, mosquito-nettings, etc.), who is usually im-\\npressed with a feeling of being far away, out of the coun-\\ntry, in a strange clime and land.\\nThe lower St. John s presents an attractive Southern\\nscene the middle St. John s presents a semi-tropical scene\\nof jungles and orange-groves but the upper St. John s is\\nthe truly tropical region, deeply impressive, more easily re-\\nfinest of the river-boats. The figures can be decreased somewhat by pass-\\ning over the route direct, without stops, or increased by making stops at\\nall private landings. The distances here given arc accurate, as made by\\nthe mail-boats.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "TEE ST. JOEN S RIVER. 123\\nmembered than described. (An extended description of a\\njourney in this region is given in the chapter on the French\\ntrip.)\\nThe St. John s Riyek Fleet. One of the most con-\\nclusive evidences of the rapid growth of Florida, especially\\nof South Florida, is the numerous and constantly increasing\\nfleet of steamers that traverse the waters of the St. John s\\nRiver. It is but three or four years since two or three old\\nand slow-going boats performed all the service upon this\\ngreat artery of commerce, where now upward of a dozen\\nswift and commodious steamers are barely adequate to the\\nrequirements of travel and traffic. Of the several steamer\\nlines now in operation, the De Bary Line is the most\\nimportant and popular. It carries the United States mails,\\nand runs daily to Sanford, stopping at all mail-stations.\\nAt the general office of the line in Jacksonville (on their\\nown wharf) will be found Captain William Watson, the\\nmanager, and Mr. C. B. Fenwick, the highly j)opular and\\ngenial general passenger agent. The steamers of the line\\nare the Fred De Bary (Captain Shaw), the largest and\\nmost elegant on the river, the George M. Bird (Captain\\nAmazeen), the Rosa (Captain Smith), the Florence (Caj)-\\ntain Brock), and the Sylvan Glen, a swift boat formerly\\nrunning on the IS ew York and Harlem line. The Pio-\\nneer Line, the oldest on the river, comprises four steam-\\ners, of which the Arrow (Captain Payne) runs twice weekly\\nbetween Jacksonville and Sanford, while the little craft\\nVolusia (Captain Lund) runs weekly to Salt Lake and\\nother points on the extreme upper St. John s. The other\\nsteamers of this line, the Fox and Daylight, ply between\\nSanford and all points above. The Independent Line\\nconsists at present of the City of Sanford (Captain Rhodes),\\nwhich runs twice weekly between Jacksonville and San-\\nford. A fine new boat is shortly to be added to its service.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "IM FLORIDA.\\nThe We-M-wa (Captain Jones) goes it alone/ plying\\nbetween Jacksonville and the remote uj^per regions of the\\nriver. It is a small and old-fashioned boat. A small\\nsteamer leaves Jacksonville every afternoon for Fort George\\nIsland, at the mouth of the St. John s, returning next morn-\\ning, and affording a delightful excursion. Several small\\nsteamers ply at frequent intervals between Jacksonville\\nand the various villages and private landings on the river\\nas far up as Palatka.*\\nDetails as to these various steamers (hours of departure, etc.) will be\\nfound in the chapter, Eoutcs to and through Florida.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER YIL\\nTHE OCKLAWAHA EIVEE, SILYEK SPEING5 AND OCALA.\\nThe head-waters of the Ocklawaha are formed by a\\nseries of springs rising to the surface in the central sections\\nof Orange and Sumter Counties, and by tributary streams\\nfrom the several large lakes of that region, including Lakes\\nEustis, Harris, Griffin, and Dora. Some of these springs\\nare remarkable for their size, purity, clearness, and mineral\\nqualities, particularly Clay Spring, near Apopka. The river\\nflows through portions of four counties, with a course al-\\nmost due north until it touches the northern boundary of\\nMarion County, when it turns due east, and empties into\\nthe St. John s at Welaka, twenty-five miles south of Pilat-\\nka. Its total length is about three hundred and forty miles,\\nand it is navigable throughout by the little steamers, which\\nalso traverse many of its tributaries to their fountain-heads,\\nthus penetrating to all portions of that rich interior region\\nlying in the center of the peninsula. The steamers of the\\nwell-known Hart Line are a species of craft peculiar to\\nthe Ocklawaha, and for many years they aiforded the only\\nmeans of access and transportation for all that vast region.\\nKailroads are now penetrating it, and in a few years the\\nwhistle of the locomotive will be heard in every hamlet.*\\nThe St. John s and Lake Eustis Raih^oad, running southwest from\\nAstor on the St. John s Hiver to Fort Mason on Lake Eustis, a distance of\\ntwenty-six miles, is now in successful operation. Preparations are making\\nto extend it to Pendryvillc on Lake Eustis (two miles) and to Leesburg on", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126\\nFLORIDA.\\nThe river, as it is termed, is quite an indefinite body of\\nwater. It is more properly a series of lagoons, overflowed\\nswamps, long narrow lakes, and great springs all connected\\nand interlinked the water-basin of the western portion of\\nForest on the Ocklawaha,\\nthe St. John s River Valley. It is an extensive region of\\ndense jungle, lying low and flat, undrainable, and impossi-\\nLake Griffin (twelve miles). It is also tbouglit that the branch of the Tran-\\nsit Railroad which now extends southward to Ocala will shortly be pro-\\nlonged to Leesburg and possibly to Lake Maitland.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "TEE OGKLAWARA RIVEE. 127\\nble to improve for human use and will always remain wild\\nand unmolested, a paradise for all the strange reptiles, in-\\nsects, birds, and fish that seek its innermost recesses. To\\nthe pleasure-seeking tourist and the sportsman it affords an\\ninexhaustible field of interest, but to the invalid, health-\\nseeker, or practical settler it offers no attractions. As the\\nsteamer follows the vaguely defined course of the channel,\\nthere are frequent landings, localities where points of the\\nmainland extend like a peninsula into this watery jungle,\\naffording access and outlets to the more profitable and\\nhealthy regions lying inland all along the route.\\nThe writer, as has already been explained, accompanied\\nthe Grant party on their tour through Florida in January,\\n1880. Returning from a visit to the upper St. John s, at\\nWelaka, we changed steamers, and were soon snugly quar-\\ntered on the strange little steamer Osceola, which started\\noff at once for a night-journey up the Ocklawaha.\\nThe steamers that thread the very narrow and wonder-\\nfully crooked waters of that stream are each an aquatic\\ncuriosity. Built especially for the route, they are alto-\\ngether unique there are none others anywhere like them.\\nThey are particularly curious in that they have an appear-\\nance of having been placed in service just before comple-\\ntion. Constructed with two decks quite low between a\\nsnug little square-shaped wheel-house high up forward, and\\na tiny little lobby deck aft, with the row of three or four\\nlittle state-rooms ranged between, they are unexcelled for\\nthe accommodations which they afford in the scanty space\\nat command and are a much more comfortable and ser-\\nviceable craft than their appearance would indicate.*\\nUpon the roof of the wheel-house of our special steamer\\nwas a large iron box where a bonfire of pitch-pine knots\\nlighted up the scenery by night. A huge stern-wheel fur-\\nFor specific information about steamers, hours of departure, fares, etc.,\\nsee chapter on. Routes to and through Florida.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128\\nFLORIDA.\\nnisbed the propelling power. The cabin was quite neat,\\nbut a perfect little dolPs house in size and furnishing. The\\nseclusion that a cabin grants was not included on this\\nA EivKE Post-Offjce.\\nboat, but it was big enough to a:fford accommodation for all,\\nthere being but four or five passengers other than our party.\\nIt was but a few moments after leaving the j)ier at We-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE OGKLAWAHA RIVER.\\n129\\nlaka that the valiant little steamer suddenly turned, plunged\\nboldly into a dense thicket, and we were in the very mouth\\nof the Ocklawaha. The first query on board was, How\\ndid the pilot find the entrance to the stream for it re-\\nsembled a little brook pouring out from a jungle of over-\\nhanging trees. Another problem was, as to how he man-\\naged to keep in the right channel on the route for it\\nThe Lookout.\\nwould be difficult to imagine anything short of a bow-knot\\nmore crooked, and there were many places where half a\\ndozen apparent streams would be found all converging upon\\none point, and all exactly alike. The wonderful ability of\\nthat pilot, his foresight, or eyesight, inspired us all with\\nprofound admiration, not to say awe.\\nThe steamer began its journey late in the afternoon,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "130 FLORIDA.\\nto give us a night view of the river, and we all spent the\\nevening, night, and morning on deck, deeply interested in\\nwatching the scenery, which begins its strangeness at the\\nvery outset, and is worth the seeing every rod of the route.\\nIt is grand, impressive, strange, tropical now gloomy and\\nawe-inspiring, now fairy-like and charming, and again weird\\nand wild. The great forest-trees of that region are all of\\nimmense size, oaks, gums, magnolias, cypress, etc., inter-\\nspersed with the more tropical palmetto and palm, all laden\\nand interlocked with a perfect network of immense vines,\\ntoo tangled for description, brilliant with vegetation\\nleaves of all colors, flowers of all shapes, sizes, and hues,\\nand loaded with great clusters of mosses. The most con-\\nspicuous and abundant of these mosses is the Spanish moss,\\nwith its delicate, silvery-gray shade but clusters of the\\npopular, pretty mistletoe, with its bright berries, are also\\nseen, and occasional masses of that handsomest of all mosses,\\nthe famous woman s-hair. This strange air-growth has a\\nrich, glistening, golden color, is long and fibrous in text-\\nure, wavy, and closely resembling a mass of blonde hair.\\nIt is a rare moss, and when seen hanging from some bough\\ngives one the impression that three or four bushels of gold-\\nen locks have been shorn from fair heads and hung thereon\\nfor adornment.\\nThe scene is enlivened with birds of many kinds, nearly\\nall strange to the Northern eye snowy- white storks, cranes,\\nherons, water-turkeys, hell-divers, curlews, etc. many hav-\\ning brilliant plumage. The waters teem with large turtles\\nand alligators, that quickly disappear as they catch a\\nglimpse of the puffing, chuffing little steamer as it comes\\naround a bend.\\nThe stream is generally very narrow in many places,\\noften for quite a long distance, the branches of the great\\ntrees interlock across the channel, forming vast arched\\navenues, paved with a floor of intensely black water, roofed", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "THE OCKLAWAHA RIVER. 131\\nwith dense, dark foliage decorated with great fringes of\\nmoss. These covered passages are solemn and impressive\\nat any time but in the night, when lighted up by the\\nblaze of the brilliant bonfire burning on the roof of the\\nwheel-house, then the scene is quite indescribable. The\\ninky water, the lights and shadows of the foliage, the dis-\\nturbed birds as they wheel gracefully out of sight, all leave\\nan impression never to be forgotten.\\nEarly the next morning, Silver Spring was reached, and\\nafter an excellent breakfast all went ashore. There is noth-\\ning especially interesting about the locality except the\\nspring. Boats were in readiness, and all enjoyed a row\\nover its translucent surface, and wondered at its marvelous\\nclearness so clear are the waters, that small pebbles lying\\non the bottom, sixty-five feet below, can easily be distin-\\nguished. We dropped in several small pieces of tin about\\nthe size of a silver dime, and could plainly see them at\\nthe bottom and a tenpenny nail, dropped in and closely\\nwatched as it descended, could be distinctly ti aced to its\\nresting-place far below.\\nThe spring has a surface area of about three acres, and\\nthe very commonplace, flat, circular shore is mostly covered\\nwith a growth of heavy pine and thickets of underbrush.\\nThe sides beneath the surface of the water are nearly ver-\\ntical in fact, the spring is very like a great punch-bowl\\nsunk in the earth. The water boils up from invisible sources\\nin the bottom, so evenly and quietly, that not a motion is\\nobservable on the surface, and so copiously that a deep and\\nnavigable river about one hundred feet wide is formed at\\nthe start, and in seven miles reaches a junction with the\\nOcklawaha.\\nAfter a thorough inspection of this wonder of nature,\\nwe rode over to Ocala, six miles distant, arriving there in\\nseason to enjoy a dinner at the comfortable, old-fashioned\\ntavern. The drive from the spring wa3 mostly through", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132\\nFLORIDA.\\na nearly level pine-wood country, not particularly interest-\\ning but in the immediate vicinity of the town the soil is\\ngenerally good, and under careful cultivation that is rapidly\\nimproving its value.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE OCKLAWAHA EIVER.\\n133", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "134 FLORIDA.\\nOcala numbers about one thousand inbabitants, is the\\ncounty-seat of Marion County, and was a flourishing place\\nin cmte-belluni days, the center of a large neighborhood of\\nwealthy planter society. A railroad has just been com-\\npleted there from Waldo, on the Transit Railroad, and\\nanother road, now building, will soon reach there, giving\\nOcala at last the much-needed quick steam communication\\nwith the commercial centers of the country. Its j^opula-\\ntion is enterprising and energetic, and Ocala is evidently\\ndestined to be an important railroad center in the near\\nfuture, for it is in the direct pathway of other railroads\\nnecessary to develop that portion of the State.\\nThe return voyage down the Ocklawaha was without\\nspecial incident, but repetition can not wither nor custom\\nstale the infinite variety and interest of that unique scenery.\\nEvery visitor to Florida should make the famous excursion\\nup the Ocklawaha, and no one who has once made it\\nwill be likely ever to forget a night-journey upon what\\nhas been well called The Mysterious River.\\nUntil recently Silver Spring was the end of the ordinary\\ntourist journey on the Ocklawaha, but the little steamers go\\nfar beyond that, threading the upper river, and making the\\ncircuit of Lakes Eustis, Harris, and Griffin. These three\\nlakes are among the largest in Florida, and the trip upon\\nthem enables the tourist to see some of the most striking\\nand picturesque scenery in the State. Just south of Lake\\nEustis, with which it is connected by a channel that has\\nnot yet been opened to navigation, lies Lake Dora, another\\nlarge lake, whose high and bluff-like shores remind one\\nrather of the lake region of western New York than of the\\nlow and sandy levels that usually characterize Florida.\\nFrom the summits of several of the headlands on its north-\\nern side may be obtained views far and near that will prove\\nmemorable in their loveliness that will haunt the mind\\nlong after the vision of them has vanished.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "TEE OGKLAWAHA RIVER.\\n135\\nThe following table will prove useful, as showing the\\nprincipal landings on the river and lakes, and the distances\\nfrom the mouth of the river, which is twenty-five miles\\nsouth of Pilatka, and nearly opposite Welaka\\nTABLE OF DISTANCES ON THE OGKLAWAHA.\\nDavenport 8\\nFort Brook 35\\nOrange Spring 37\\nlola 50\\nForty-foot Bluff 54\\nEureka 68\\nSunday Bluff 70\\nPalmetto 76\\nGore s, 82\\nDcurisosa 88\\nGraliamville 92\\nLimpkin Bluff 96\\nSilver Springs Run 101\\nSilver Spring 110\\nMILES.\\nLake Ware Landing. 125\\nMoss Bluff 128\\nStark 162\\nOrange Hope 164\\nSlighville 168\\nLeesburg 178\\nLake Griffin Post-Office 183\\nLovell s 195\\nFort Mason 205\\nPcndryville 208\\nEsperance 229\\nYalalia 234\\nHelena 247\\nOkahumkee 249\\nFair hotel accommodations can be obtained at Leesburg,\\nat Pendryville, and at Fort Mason but the latter is a most\\nunattractive place. What is greatly needed in the interest\\nof tourists is a cross-cut railroad from the Lake Eustis re-\\ngion to Sanf ord on the St. John s, aif ording the opportunity\\nfor a round trip up one river and down the other. When\\nthis is constructed, as it should be soon, commodious hotels\\nwill spring up in all this region.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER YIII.\\nTHE INDIAN RIVER REGION AND THE INLAND LAKES.\\nThe Indian River region is the most widely known of\\nany portion of all South Florida, but it is visited by very\\nfew tourists and travelers, owing mostly to its general in-\\naccessibility. The shortest distance from Jacksonville by\\nthe usual and at present only method of transportation\\n(the St. John s River route) is upward of two hundred\\nmiles, and this long journey ends at Titusville, located al-\\nmost on the head-waters of the famous river. A detailed\\ndescription of the journey from Jacksonville, also a descrip-\\ntion of the various places which I visited on the Indian\\nRiver, is given elsewhere, in the chapter containing an ac-\\ncount of the writer s tour of the State with Hon. Seth\\nFrench. The purpose of this chapter is to give a more\\ncomprehensive description of the resources and advantages\\nof the region regarded as a whole.\\nIndian River runs parallel with the Atlantic coast,\\nnorthwest and southeast, extending south of latitude 27\u00c2\u00b0,\\nand running north of 28^\u00c2\u00b0, measuring from one and a half\\nto seven miles in width, and from four to sixteen feet in\\ndepth of channel, though in many places one may wade\\nmore than half a mile from shore.\\nIt abounds in every variety of fish, but is distinguished\\nfor its superb mullet, the general weight of which is from\\ntwo to five pounds, but in many instances they weigh from\\nsix to nine pounds, measuring twenty or twenty-two inches\\nin length. The sheep s-head, sea-trout, cavalier, and bass are", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE INDIAN RIVER REGION.\\n137\\nLooking across Indian Eivek.\\nlarge and fine. There are very extensive beds of oysters in\\nthe southern portion of the river, of the largest siz3 and most", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "138 FLORIDA.\\nsuperior flavor and these are so accessible that the canning\\nof them would prove a profitable occupation. Turtling is\\ncarried on to some extent and proves quite lucrative. The\\nriver is separated from the Atlantic by a narrow strip of\\nland from one to three-fourths of a mile in width, the ma-\\njority of which is poor sand-scrub, though it contains bod-\\nies of very rich hammock. Approximating thus near the\\nAtlantic, it has the benefit of the sea-breeze in its pure\\nstate, and this, combined with the mild, genial climate of a\\nsouthern latitude, is what renders it so famous for health\\nsuch a thing as sickness being scarcely known upon the\\nriver.\\nThe pine-lands largely predominate, some of very fair\\nproductive quality, with beautiful sites immediately upon\\nthe river having an altitude of eight to sixteen feet above\\nthe water. There are also fine bodies of the most splendid\\nhammocks peculiarly adapted to the growth of tropical\\nfruits, the leading varieties of which are the orange, lemon,\\nlime, citron, banana, plantain, pineapple, guava, pomegran-\\nate, tamarind, sapodilla, avocado-pear, French lime, mama-\\napple, sugar-apple, mango, papaw, cacao, date, cocoanut,\\nEnglish walnut, pecan-nut, yam, ginger, cassava, etc. The\\norange is the leading crop. It requires three years from\\ntransplanting to commence bearing, then pays hundreds of\\ndollars per acre, and soon runs to thousands, there hav-\\ning been four to six thousand dollars per acre realized in\\none season. Bananas grow considerably north of this, and\\npay from twelve hundred to two thousand dollars per acre.\\nPineapples promise from eight to twelve hundred dollars\\nper acre. Sugar-cane grows astonishingly, attaining a\\nheight of twelve to sixteen feet, single stalks yielding more\\nthan a gallon of juice, which, being boiled down, makes over\\na quart of thick sirup, and produces five or six hundred gal-\\nlons of sirup per acre. Of peas and pumpkins two crops\\nfrom the same vine are raised in abundance, and potatoes", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "TEE INDIAN RIVER REGION 139\\nflourisli the year round. The natural growth of the ham-\\nmock is the sturdy live-oak, measuring from two to six feet\\nin diameter the stately hickory, two to three feet in diame-\\nter, and twenty to forty feet to the first limbs; the red elm,\\nmulberry, wahoo, cabbage-palmetto, with an undergrowth\\nof hack-bush, torch-wood, marl-bush and vines. There are\\nalso the iron-wood and crab-wood, approximating in weight\\nto the lignum-vitse, and susceptible of the finest polish.\\nThere are numerous springs of good water just under\\nthe bluff, and by sinking wells twelve to sixteen feet wa-\\nter is obtained almost anywhere. The water in the ham-\\nmocks is more or less impregnated with lime, there being a\\nstratum of coquina-rock underlying the surface, forming\\nan inexhaustible supply of the most valuable fertilizer. The\\nwoods abound in small game and in deer, bears, and an occa-\\nsional panther, with the most superior range for every kind\\nof stock. Four-year-old steers weigh from four to five\\nhundred pounds, two-year-old heifers from two hundred\\nand fifty to three hundred pounds, and they calve at that\\nage. Hogs are raised, with but little attention, to weigh one\\nhundred and fifty to two hundred pounds at two years old.\\nThe labor of one man, when once properly estab-\\nlished, may make his thousands. The great need is trans-\\nportation. By referring to the State map, it will be per-\\nceived that a canal eight miles in length will connect the\\nHalifax and Mantanzas Rivers then a little work upon the\\nHaulover, between Halifax and Indian Rivers, puts it in\\nconnection with St. Augustine. So that a line of light-\\ndraught steamers plying through these rivers, a distance\\nof over two hundred miles, connecting at St. Augustine\\nwith large-class steamers outside, and by railroad to Jackson-\\nville, giA^es a direct communication with the world. It will\\nalso attract the trade and develop an extensive section of\\ncountry, the Kissimmee, that is now lying almost in obscu-\\nrity. It needs an outlet or pass from opposite the mouth of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "14:0 FLORIDA.\\nthe St. Sebastian into the Atlantic (there being eight feet\\nof water in the river, and a steep shore on the Atlantic,\\nwhich will prevent its ever being filled with sand), admit-\\nting large-class steamers and increasing the turtle interest.\\nWith these connections, the Indian River will come\\ninto repute for vegetables. It can supply even New York\\nin the months of January, February, and March, with the\\nmost delicate varieties tomatoes, peas, beans, green corn,\\ncabbages, melons, etc. I have reason to believe that varie-\\nties of grapes can be grown here with success the Scup-\\npernong to perfection. The base of all Southern Florida is\\nlimestone this it is that prevents miasma, and it is this de-\\ncomposed limestone that makes the soils of that region so\\nfertile.\\nIn describing this Indian River region it is appropriate\\nto include the regions about Lake Worth and Key Biscayne\\nBay, both places being in fact a continuation of that special\\nclass of soil and products. It is hardly necessary to men-\\ntion that all this region, including the Indian River, is en-\\ntirely below the frost-line. The thermometer throughout\\nthe year shows a temperature of about 75\u00c2\u00b0, the extremes\\nbeing 49\u00c2\u00b0 and 92\u00c2\u00b0.\\nTHE INLAND LAKES.\\nAnother delightful variety of country found in Florida\\nis the central lake region. There are no mountains in the\\nState, and but few hills worthy of mention, and these few\\nare usually in more or less unfavorable localities but the\\nabsence of these pleasant topographical features is com-\\npensated by the great number of lakes, scattered thickly all\\nthrough the central regions away from the seacoasts and\\nlarge rivers. They are of all shapes and sizes, from ponds\\nof an acre area in extent to spacious lakes of thirty by fifty\\nmiles dimensions, with flat, pine-clad shores, or bold bluffs,\\nor rolling banks, or jungle-clad outlines, all pretty, and", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "THE INLAND LAKES. 141\\nfilled with remarkably pure, clear water whicli teems with\\nfish.\\nIn the northern counties are many of these lakes, mostly\\nof large size, wdth high, rolling shores, and in some respects\\nclosely resembling the famous lakes of central N^ew York\\nor Wisconsin. In the vicinity of Tallahassee are several,\\nall beautiful, particularly Lake Jackson, a large sheet of\\nwater that is deservedly one of the choice attractions shown\\nthe visitor. Lakes lamonia, Lafayette, Bradford, and Mic-\\ncosukie, also in the vicinity of Tallahassee, are all beautiful\\nand interesting.\\nFarther south, in Alachua and Putnam Counties, and\\nlying southeast of the Florida Transit Railroad, is anoth-\\ner particularly attractive cluster of lakes. These include\\nLakes George, Brooklyn, Waldo, Santa Fe, and Deep Lake,\\nall of considerable size, with from three hundred to ten\\nthousand acres area. Lake Santa Fe is the largest of this\\ncluster, and probably the prettiest. On a bold bluff of its\\nfertile shore the Santa Fe Hotel has recently been built, a\\nfine, roomy structure, in the midst of a large, park-like gar-\\nden, with a charming lawn sloping down to the water s\\nedge. It is only a short drive thither from Waldo Station,\\non the Transit Railroad. Recently a party of enterprising\\nlocal capitalists have excavated a series of short canals, thus\\nestablishing communication between all the lakes in this\\nchain, and now they have steam transportation from all\\npoints on the lakes to Waldo Station.\\nFarther south again is the famous Orange Lake region,\\nin Alachua and Marion Counties, lying a short distance\\nsouth of the Transit Railroad. Orange Lake is the prin-\\ncipal of these, and is quite a large sheet of wacer. The\\nfamous orange-groves owned by Dr. Bishop and Mr. Harris\\nare located on the shores of this lake, which is skirted by\\nthe branch of the Transit Railroad that runs south to\\nOcala,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "142 FLORIDA.\\nStill farther soutli is found the Lake Harris region, situ-\\nated in Sumter and Orange Counties, principally in Sumter.\\nThese lakes include Harris, Eustis, Griffin, and Dora, all\\nlarge lakes of four to ten miles in length and width. There\\nare numerous other smaller lakes in their vicinity, but these\\nnamed are the principal. These lakes, as explained in the\\npreceding chapter, form the head-waters of the Ocklawaha\\nRiver, and are surrounded by the richest lands of the most\\nfertile region of Florida. Their shores are everywhere re-\\nmarkably beautiful, and the land would be highly produc-\\ntive under cultivation. There are already many splendid\\norange-groves growing on their shores, and settlers are fast\\nflowing in.\\nLake Panasofkee, situated a considerable distance west\\nof the Harris cluster, in the same county, is a noticeably\\nlarge lake surrounded by rich hammock-lands. (This lake\\nis fully described in the chapter on the tour of the State\\nwith Mr. French.)\\nLake Apopka, just to the south of the Harris group,\\nis a lake region by itself, so to speak, for all that section\\nis known to the people of the State as the Lake Apopka\\nregion. It is a large lake, with a coast-line of fifty miles.\\nThe surrounding country is quite beautiful in scenery and\\nof rich soil. A number of the best orange-groves in the\\nState are in this region, entirely beyond danger of frosts.\\nAgain passing south and east, the famous inland lake\\nregion of Orange County is reached. It is in the vicinity\\nof Maitland, Osceola, Interlaken, and Orlando, that these\\nlakes are most numerous. Looking in any direction from\\nthose places, several of these pretty little lakelets can be\\nseen. From a certain standpoint in Maitland nine lakes are\\nin plain sight.\\nTheir sizes vary from ten acres to three thousand acres\\ntheir shores are, generally speaking, slightly rolling. The\\nland of that region is covered with a heavy growth of pine.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "THE INLAND LAKES. 143\\ninterspersed with occasional tracts of hammock, and the\\nsm f ace is mostly flat and not very attractive to the eye, nor\\nvery fertile in productive quality, except by fertilizing but\\nan offset to these objections lies in the fact that it is un-\\ndoubtedly the healthiest portion of Florida.\\nThis lake region is penetrated by the South Florida\\nRailroad, which extends from Sanford on Lake Monroe to\\nOrlando, the county-seat of Orange County, and passes the\\nalready-mentioned villages of Maitland, Osceola, and Inter-\\nlaken. In my tour of the State with Mr. French (Chapter\\nIII), I have already described it at considerable length, and\\nit is also described in the chapter on The Sanford Grant.\\nI may add that the soil directly around Orlando is probably\\nthe best in the region.\\nFarther south are numerous lakes, many of them quite\\nlarge, like Lakes Butler, Conway, Tohopekaliga, Cypress,\\nKissimmee, and Marianna, all situated in the center of the\\npeninsula, and surrounded by a rich hammock-soil. As yet\\nthere are scarcely any settlers in all that extensive region,\\nwhich is quite beyond the confines of civilization at this\\nwriting. The country is mostly of a prairie-like character,\\nresembling portions of Illinois, excepting that the vegeta-\\ntion is purely tropical, including many scattered groves of\\nstately palmettoes.\\nLake Okechobee, still farther south, is the largest in\\nthe State, covering an area of upward of six hundred\\nsquare miles, and extending fairly into the region of the\\nEverglades. The Everglades occupy nearly the whole\\nsouthern extremity of the peninsula, and are, as I have\\nelsewhere said, not so much a marsh as an extensive lake,\\nwhich is so shallow as to be overgrown with grasses and\\nother vegetation. In the rainy season, in particular, its\\nlake-like character is clearly apparent.\\nA company of Philadelphia capitalists are proposing to\\ndrain a large portion of this Everglade region, by cutting\\n7", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "144 FLORIDA.\\na Series of canals connecting it with both the Gulf and the\\nAtlantic. The enterprise is one of considerable magnitude,\\nand, if fully successful, will be of immense value to them-\\nselves, to the State, and indeed to the entire country, as it\\nwill open to profitable cultivation millions of acres of the\\nrichest soil in the world, especially and peculiarly adapted\\nto the production of sugar.\\nIn this cursory glance at the inland lakes which consti-\\ntute a characteristic feature of the Floridian Peninsula, I\\nhave not mentioned the innumerable smaller and detached\\nones that dot the surface nearly everywhere, nor have I at-\\ntempted even to name the countless springs found in\\nall portions of the State, and attaining in many cases to the\\ndimensions of lakes. A volume would be required in order\\nto do justice to them all and even then, probably, that\\nmore thorough exploration and survey of the State, that\\nis sure to come soon, would reveal the existence of many\\nmore.\\nThey are a great boon to the State, not only for their\\nbeauty and picturesque effect, but for the facilities they\\noffer to transportation, and the fertility they impart to the\\nsoil. Lands on their shores are everywhere eagerly sought\\nby the settler, it being the ambition of all to own a home\\nnestling on a lovely lawn bordering upon some pretty lake.\\nAnd surely nowhere can there be found more attractive\\nscenes of picturesque domesticity than is afforded by a\\nlake-side home in Florida.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER IX.\\nTHE GULF-COAST AND KEY WEST.\\nThe waters of the Gulf of Mexico wash the entire west\\nand south coast-line of Florida, a stretch of about seven\\nhundred miles.\\nCommencing about one hundred miles northeast along\\nthe Atlantic coast side, a series of islands forms a continuous\\nchain around the southern extremity of the State, and ex-\\ntends in a line bearing south of west from the mainland out\\ninto the Gulf.\\nThese islands are generally small, averaging about one\\nhundred acres, excepting Largo and Key West, which are\\nfrom one to two miles in width and seven to ten miles in\\nlength. All are quite rocky, but the sparse sandy soil is\\nvery fertile, and everywhere covered with an abundant vege-\\ntation. These islands are called keys, and the cluster at the\\nwestern extremity is the famous Dry Tortugas, where the\\nUnited States Government has extensive fortifications, store-\\nhouses, and military supplies.\\nSouth of this long chain of keys, and separated from\\nthem by a navigable channel, is the great Florida Reef, a\\nlong, narrow ledge of coral, of great danger to the naviga-\\ntion of these waters, being hidden beneath the surface of\\nthe ocean, and only exposed to view in severe gales.\\nAll this great line of mainland and island coast presents\\nbut few harbors, owing to the shallow soundings. Com-\\nmencing at the extreme western end of the coast, the har-\\nbors are Pensacola, Appalachicola, St. Marks, Cedar Keys,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "146 FLORIDA.\\nTamj^a Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and Key West. The three\\nports first named, together with Tampa Bay, have been de-\\nscribed in previous chapters.\\nCedar Keys is the Gulf terminus of the Florida Transit\\nRailway from Fernandina (one hundred and fifty-four miles),\\nand is also the port of the Henderson Gulf Line of steamers\\nand of the New Orleans, Havana and Gulf Line, both lines\\nhaving excellent steamers, well equipped and supplied, and\\nscheduled so as to connect daily at Cedar Keys with any\\nof the Gulf and West India ports. Cedar Keys is a dreamy,\\ncleanly kept, irregular little village of orderly and thrifty\\npeople. It is built on an island (as its name suggests), and\\nfaces to the northeast, quite confusing to the traveler, who\\nusually expects to look west for the Gulf waters. The rail-\\nroad enters the place across a long bridge that spans the\\nlagoon. The general appearance of the town is pleasing,\\nthe one business street being lined with substantial struct-\\nures, mostly built of coquina-stone, and in design and mate-\\nrial having a Spanish, tropical appearance quite in keeping\\nwith the surrounding scenery. The trade is mostly whole-\\nsale, and amounts annually to several hundred thousand\\ndollars, supplying the retail dealers of all the little ham-\\nlets along the coast and rivers of a large portion of that\\nregion. To the hunter, fisherman, or health-seeker, it offers\\nattractions equal to any portion of Florida.\\nUnder the guidance of Major Parsons, who has resided\\nhere forty-three years, the writer visited all the various points\\nof interest, and enjoyed a pleasant visit in this delightful\\nold place. Late one brilliant afternoon we were on board\\nthe splendid new steamship Admiral, that makes two trips\\nweekly between Cedar Keys, Key West, and Havana, and\\nsoon all were enjoying the soft, refreshing salt-water breeze\\nand viewing the beautiful scenery of the islands, with their\\nwealth of tropical vegetation, the large, comf ortable-aj)pear-\\ning dwellings standing in the midst of flower- laden gardens", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "TEE GULF- COAST AND KEY WEST. 147\\nand broad, bright green lawns. On we sped, passing the\\ngraceful lighthouse and picturesque home of the old light-\\nkeeper, out into the warm blue waters of the Gulf. It was\\na lovely, warm evening. After partaking of an excellent\\nsupper, all assembled on the after-deck in the deep enjoy-\\nment of cigars, listening to anecdotes, and inhaling the\\npure, balmy breeze, observing the clear sky, the brilliant\\nstars, and bright full moon that lighted the calm w^aters\\nlike a vast sheet of glittering silver. It was a charming\\nscene of great beauty, deeply enjoyed and long to be re-\\nmembered by all the participants, none retiring until a late\\nhour.\\nEarly the following morning all were on deck, sniffing\\nthe invigorating breeze and watching the many dolphins,\\nporpoises, and occasional sharks, as they plunged through\\nthe w^aters in every direction.\\nTo our left, quite plainly in sight, was the coast of Flor-\\nida, the islands of very tropical appearance forming exceed-\\ningly pretty pictures as the bright sun rose behind them.\\nThe coast is for the most part low and sandy, edged by\\nshoals and bars, and broken here and there by beautiful\\nbays and indentations. All the larger inlets are filled w^ith\\nislands, most of which are sandy and arid, though some are\\ncovered with a tropical luxuriance of vegetation.\\nAll along the coast at convenient points are little farm-\\ning or lumbering settlements the principal being Crystal\\nRiver, Hamosassa, Bayport, Anclote River, Clear- Water\\nHarbor, Law s Store, McMullen s Store, Philippi s Grove,\\nPoint Penales, Alafia, Terrasea Bay, Little Manatee, Mana-\\ntee, Sarasota, Charlotte Harbor, and Punta Rassa. Mana-\\ntee, which is something of a village, is not directly on the\\ncoast, but about eight miles up the Manatee River, in a\\npleasant situation, where game is abundant.\\nCharlotte Harbor, however, possesses greater natural ad-\\nvantages than any other on the Gulf coast, and has been", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "148 FLORIDA.\\npronounced by competent authority to be tbe best harbor\\nbetween Port Koyal and Pensacola. It is a grand sheet of\\nwater, about thirty miles in length by ten in width, easily\\naccessible from the Gulf, and studded with hundreds of\\nbeautiful troj)ical islands, of which the most important are\\nPine, Sanibal, Captira, Lacosta, and Gasparilla. The local-\\nity has of late begun to attract much attention, and nearly\\nall the projected railroads of the State have fixed upon\\nCharlotte Harbor as a southern terminus among them the\\nSouth Florida Railroad, which, as explained in another\\nchapter, has already set out on the route thither. Indeed,\\nthe geographical, commercial, and climatic advantages of\\nthe place are too apparent to escape notice, and I believe\\nthat some locality on that noble harbor is destined to be-\\ncome a great trade and shi^^ping center, and one of the\\nmost popular winter resorts in the State. All the lands in\\nthe vicinity are good and crops of everything that can be\\nproduced elsewhere in the semi-tropical portions of Florida\\nwill grow there and produce abundantly. The scenery is\\nbeautiful, the climate is wonderfully bland and equable,\\nand game and fish, oysters, turtles, and the like, are found\\nin inexhaustible quantities. The islands, great and small,\\nthat are so numerous on that beautiful coast, are wonder-\\nfully pretty, perfect gems of tropical scenery.\\nConsidering how numerous are the summer resorts, in-\\nland and seaside hotels all through the north and west,\\nand how few are the winter resorts the hotels specially\\nfor winter tourists numbering scarcely two dozen in all\\nand they not in the really tropical region of the State and\\nconsidering how limited is the tropical region how the\\nnumber of hotel residents, of tourists, wandering to all sec-\\ntions of the country, summer and winter, in search of health\\nand pleasure, is increasing to such a vast multitude each-\\nyear and that the hotels of Florida, even at highest\\nprices, are scarcely able to accommodate the visitors to the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "TEE GULF-COAST AND KEY WEST. M9\\nState it is apparent that the time is near at hand when a\\nvast winter Coney Island, with Newport and Long\\nBranch combined, must be established at some point in the\\nsouthern part of the peninsula, beyond any possible danger\\nof cold, frosts, or extreme changes where a sea-beach\\ndrive, islands for pleasure-yachts, a race-course, polo-ground,\\nbase-ball park, etc., etc., can be established, and where the\\nhealth-seeker, the hunter, and the fisher, as well as the lover\\nof strange scenes and excitement, may each find special at-\\ntractions. Charlotte Harbor, with a railroad, would present\\njust such a location and railroads must go there. Each\\nseason the army of tourists to Florida is increasing, and\\nthe farther south they can get the better they like it. And\\nthis spot offers attractions not possessed by any other in the\\nwhole country for such a resort. As I sat on an elevated\\nspot on the shore of that harbor, and looked over its broad,\\nbeautiful expanse, watching the sun sinking behind the\\nlovely islands, and saw many dolphins gamboling in the\\nbright waves, and thought of the myriads of fish and oys-\\nters so easy to be obtained, and the soil, so prolific of all\\ndainty fruits, I reflected that it only needed the genius of\\na Corbin, a Breslin, or a Lorillard, to wake up this dreamy,\\ndelicious locality, and make it a spot that would rival any\\npleasure resort in the world. With competing lines of rail-\\nroads and steamers, and consequent low fares, all the\\nUnited States would soon wish to enjoy the novelty of see-\\ning a horse-race, or a game of base-ball, or a yacht-race,\\nor to try a swim, pick a banana, or wear a white suit, in\\nJanuary.\\nOn Pease Creek, a tributary of Charlotte Harbor, a\\nlarge amount of elevated and rich lands is open to settle-\\nment. The mainland, between the head of Charlotte Har-\\nbor, Meyakka River, and Little Sarasota Bay, also offers a\\nfine field for settlement. Between the Haulover and the\\nhead of Little Sarasota Bay a high bluff extends along the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "150 FLORIDA.\\nGulf coast, and to those wlio wish to pitch their tents with-\\nin sight and sound of the waves this would prove a desir-\\nable S230t.\\nAt the southern extremity of Charlotte Harbor is situ-\\nated Punta Rassa. The improvements consist of the signal\\nand telegraph station a large wooden structure a large\\nstorehouse, a superior dock, and a fish-ranche. This is the\\ngreat point for the shipment of cattle to Key West and\\nCuba. The Caloosa entrance, leading from the Gulf to\\nthis point, is comparatively shallow, affording but nine feet\\nof water at low tide at the shallowest points. Leaving the\\ndock and proceeding in a northerly direction for three\\nmiles, the mouth of the Caloosahatchie River opens up.\\nUnfortunately for the navigation of this stream, there is\\nbut seven feet of water in the channel at the mouth, at low\\ntide. However, this depth would prove ample for river-\\nsteamers, and, if it should ever be required, a small expendi-\\nture would deepen the channel so as to allow of the passage\\nof any vessel that could enter the port. Soon after enter-\\ning the river it widens out and becomes a beautiful stream,\\nfrom one and a quarter to three miles in width, for a dis-\\ntance of thirty miles. The land gradually rises from the\\nriver for a mile, or a mile and a half, and I have been as-\\nsured that it is good, productive pine-land, in many places\\nmixed with shell and underlaid by clay or marl.\\nFort Myers, distant twenty-live miles from Punta\\nRassa, is an old military post, which was abandoned after\\nthe last Indian war. At present it contains a population of\\nabout two hundred persons, the majority of whom are en-\\ngaged in cattle-raising. Here I found several small orange-\\ngroves, and the trees appeared vigorous and healthy. Large\\npatches of bananas flourished with a luxuriance unknown in\\nthe more northern j^ortions of the State. But what grati-\\nfied me most was the existence of eleven cocoanut-trees,\\nseventeen years old, with their pendent fruit and luxuriant\\nleaves. The cocoanut is very susceptible to the influence\\nof frost, and the presence of these trees convinced me\\nthat the locality had not suffered from it for seventeen\\nyears. At this point the river is much narrower than lower\\ndown the stream, but measures one mile and eleven chains\\nfrom bank to bank.\\nBy the course of the river the Caloosahatchie telegraph", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE GULF-COAST AND KEY WEST.\\n151\\nstation and crossing is distant fifteen miles. From the fort\\nto within a short distance of the station the banks of the\\nriver are low, and in many places swampy. Near the sta-\\ntion the banks are high and the soil excellent. The opera-\\ntor pointed out a lemon-tree near the house, not five years\\nold, that had produced about one thousand lemons. A few\\nof them were hanging on the tree, and I found them thin-\\nskinned and very juicy. We are satisfied that the time is\\nnot far distant when the lemons of Southern Florida will\\ndrive the diminutive, and, to a certain extent, juiceless\\nlemons of the Mediterranean from the American markets.\\nFrom the tele-\\ngraph station to\\nFort Donand, dis-\\ntant twenty miles\\nin a direct line, but\\nmore than twice as\\nmany by the course\\nof the river, the\\nstream is narrow,\\nvarying from one\\nhundred and fifty\\nto four hundred\\nfeet in width, but\\nvery deep. Be-\\ntween these points\\nthe banks of the riv-\\ner are high, and, in\\nsome places, almost\\nperpendicular. In\\nmany of the reach-\\nes, to make a land-\\ning without a ladder would be a troublesome undertaking.\\nAlong the river rich hammocks exist, clothed with a growth\\nof small live-oaks and cabbage-palms back of this a belt\\nof pine-timber, and then the open prairie, covered with\\nluxuriant and nutritive grass. From our own observations,\\nand information obtained, the belt of timber on the line of\\nthe river is narrow in its whole course. The prairie on\\neach side of the stream is very extensive, and dotted with\\nwhat is known as islands patches of live-oak and palm,\\nand belts of pine of limited extent. These oases of foliage\\n:^y\\nThe Cabbage-Palm.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "152 FLORIDA.\\nfurnisli protection to cattle and herds. The grasses in this\\nsection are more tender and succulent than in the northern\\nand western portions of the State.\\nFor the production of sugar-cane this section possesses\\nan advantage over Mississippi and Louisiana, where cane\\nhas to be cut before it has attained its full saccharine de-\\nvelopment, in order to avoid the injurious influence of\\nfrosts. In Southern Florida the cane will tassel and perfect\\nitself.\\nKey West was reached about noon on the day after\\nleaving Cedar Keys, and we were soon enjoying the com-\\nforts of the Russell House, a large and well-kept hotel.\\nAfterward we rode about the city and island, visiting the\\nexte,nsive water-batteries, the park, and the lighthouse.\\nEverything in and about Key West is strange, foreign,\\nand interesting. The business houses and public buildings,\\nthe dwellings, the gardens, lawns, flowers, trees, soil, and\\nvegetation, the appearance of the people, their costumes,\\nand even their names, all are so un-American and sugges-\\ntive of a foreign clime, that it is difficult indeed to realize it\\nas one of the busy, enterprising cities of our United States.\\nISTevertheless, in this far-off, isolated community of Uncle\\nSam s family are found the same social sentiments and the\\nsame interests as among all American citizens.\\nKey West has a steady business of exchange and sup-\\nply for all the settlers and retail dealers of that section of\\nthe State. It is not of the intensely active, Chicago sort of\\nbusiness, but it is steady, easy-going, and quiet, as if it were\\nfully established and entirely safe and reliable and knew\\nit. Cigar-making is the principal industry, exceeding all\\nother interests, employing hundreds of people, mostly Cu-\\nbans, occupying numerous large establishments, and pay-\\ning to Uncle Sam an annual revenue of upward of three\\nhundred and twenty thousand dollars. A stroll about the\\nplace at once makes it apparent where the famous Key\\nWest cigars come from everywhere are tobacco-dealers", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE GULF-COAST AND KEY WEST.\\n153\\nand cigar-manufactories, and upward of thirty million ci-\\ngars were manufactured there in 1880.\\nThe United States has erected several large, substantial\\nstructures here, and the public buildings of the county and", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "154: FLORIDA.\\ncity, also the churches four the public schools, opera-\\nhouse, etc., are all creditable structures. The Government\\ndock, barracks, and forts are all large and costly, this being\\nregarded as one of the most important points in the defen-\\nsive system of the United States. An unpleasant feature\\nis the impossibility of obtaining cool well or spring water.\\nWells can not be sunk, and there are no springs, and the\\ninhabitants are obliged to depend on rain-water cisterns or\\ncondensed supply. Turtling, sponging, mullet-fishing, and\\nshell-hunting are important industries. A large number of\\nmen are engaged in wrecking on the reefs. The popula-\\ntion is about eight thousand five hundred.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER X.\\nTHE SANFOED GRANT AND OEANGE COUNTY.\\nThe Sanford grant is probably the most extensive land\\nenterprise in the State, and is very likely to become the\\ncenter of a most flom^ishing region, unlike anything else of\\nthe kind attempted in the United States for nowhere else\\nis there any tract of land with a situation so peculiarly\\nadvantageous for commercial enterprises, for settlement,\\nand for variety of products.\\nIn 1870 General Henry S. Sanford, of Connecticut,\\nmade an extensive tour through Florida, closely examining\\nher many resources and most advantageous localities, and\\nwas so impressed with the tract which now bears his name\\nthat he effected a purchase of it. It was one of the Span-\\nish grants, so frequent wherever Spanish authority existed,\\nand so famous for uncertain surveying and legal complica-\\ntions.\\nThe tract embraces twenty-two square miles, compris-\\ning about thirteen thousand acres, nearly all of good qual-\\nity and susceptible of profitable cultivation. It lies on the\\nsouth shore of Lake Monroe, a pretty little inland sea,\\nabout ten miles long by five miles wide, into which the\\nupper St. John s empties, and out of which the larger St.\\nJohn s flows. It is practically at the head of the river nav-\\nigation that is, for the larger and better class of steamers.\\nIt is one hundred and sixty-five miles from Jacksonville by\\nwater route, as shown by the United States Coast Survey,\\nor about one hundred and ten miles on an air-line. The", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "156 FLORIDA.\\nSt. John s River extends for many miles above, but is a\\nsmall, shallow stream, very narrow, and too crooked for\\ndescription a winding brook in a flat prairie-land, except\\nwhere it widens out into one of the many lakes of that\\nregion. None but little steamers of lightest draught at-\\ntempt its navigation, and even these can ascend but a short\\ndistance above Sanford.\\nHaving carefully considered, as I have said, the many\\nadvantages which he believed existed there, the General\\ncompleted its purchase, and at once commenced improve-\\nments on a grand scale, clearing off the dense growth of\\ntimber from a large acreage on the lake-front cutting out\\nand clearing up a number of broad avenues and opening\\nup the surrounding country. He also built a fine pier, six\\nhundred feet long, in the lake erected spacious store-\\nhouses, and an extensive saw-mill and machine-shop this\\nbeing one of the largest in the State surveyed and located\\nthe present city of Sanford, deservedly bearing his name\\nerected the elegant Sanford Hotel, standing in ample and\\nwell-kept and neatly fenced grounds, its clean, grassy sur-\\nface laid out with walks and ornamented with flowers and\\nshrubs and established a telegraphic line of communica-\\ntion with the outside world.\\nEverything, except the characteristically tropical fruits,\\nthrives exceedingly well here, especially oranges, lemons,\\ngrapes, and garden-vegetables also live-stock. The fa-\\nmous Speer grove of oranges is only one and a half mile\\nsouth of Sanford. It contains five hundred and fifty trees,\\nstanding on a little less than six acres of land. The trees\\nare about thirty-five years old, and yield annually from four\\nto five hundred thousand oranges. Upward of six hundred\\nthousand have been gathered in specially favorable seasons.\\nThe crop of the season of 1880- 81 was sold on the trees for\\nseventeen dollars per thousand, and netted the owner up-\\nward of six thousand eight hundred dollars. An object of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE 8ANF0RD GRANT. 15Y\\nspecial interest in this grove is a lemon-tree of great size\\nthat produces annually from twelve to twenty thousand\\nlemons of an excellent quality. Other noted groves of the\\nvicinity are those of Markham, Ginn, French, and others.\\nSanford is the northern terminus of the Florida Rail-\\nroad, now extending twenty-two miles to Orlando, the\\ncounty-seat, and its freight-houses, car-shops, and fine pier\\nare completed. The pier, built of palmetto and pitch pine,\\nis not excelled by any in the whole country. From one to\\nfour steamers several of which are elegant boats arrive\\nat the piers daily.\\nSeveral enterprises are now under consideration that Avill\\nadd greatly to the importance of the city. Among them\\nare a banking-house, a factory for curing Spanish moss for\\nupholstery purposes, and an establishment for canning, cur-\\ning, packing, and preserving the delicate fruits of this re-\\ngion. The bank is much needed, and the other schemes\\nare sure to be of great benefit, offering a near and trust-\\nworthy market for all fruit-crops.\\nThe city has good schools, two good halls, and about\\nthirty well-established commercial houses, and transacted a\\nbusiness of nearly eight hundred thousand dollars in 1880.\\nThe Episcopalians have a very attractive church-edifice,\\nbuilt through the efforts of Mrs. General Sanford.\\nThere is a demand for labor in Sanford, especially\\nskilled labor, such as that of carpenters in fact, one of the\\ndrawbacks has been scarcity of mechanics and I happen\\nto know of several parties who are now delayed in the\\nprosecution of their intended improvements by the lack of\\nlabor.\\nFrom the beginning of his enterprise, this has been a\\nserious trouble to the General in his improvements. At\\nfirst, he attempted to employ colored labor but in those\\ndays, about the years 1870- 74, the cracker natives that\\nlived scattered about this region were bitterly opposed to", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "158 FLORIDA.\\nthe niggers, and made it difficult to keep that class of\\nlabor for the crackers were vicious and ignorant, and\\nlaw was practically an unknown and repudiated quantity.\\nIn 1871 the General decided to try foreign labor on the\\ncolonization system, sent an agent to Upsala, in Sweden,\\nand at his sole expense brought over a colony of one hun-\\ndred of these people, for whom he erected cabins, giving to\\neach a homestead of five acres of good land. This answered\\nvery well for a time, but there were restless and turbulent\\nmembers in the party, and one day, incited by up-country\\npoliticians, some of them deserted and went to seek higher\\nwages at Jacksonville. By great efforts, the agent of the\\nGeneral succeeded in inducino; them to return to their homes\\nand vocations, and to-day, after seven years, they are\\namong the thriftiest, happiest, and most prosperous people\\nin all Florida. It is an incident worthy of mention, perhaps,\\nthat one of them a short time ago sold his little property for\\nfive thousand five hundred dollars, for the purpose of enter-\\ning another line of business. Yet he had less than nothing\\n(for he owed for his passage) when he arrived in Sanford\\nseven years since, and was one of the leading opponents of\\nthe General s scheme for their benefit. Recently the Gen-\\neral has brought over more Swedes, and also some Poles\\nand Italians. All are busily at work, and apparently con-\\ntented.\\nThe population of Sanford and the closely adjacent\\ncountry is now about one thousand, and the healthiness of\\nthe region is sufficiently demonstrated by the fact that the\\nnumber of deaths in 1880 wasj^ue, of which tioo were from\\naccidental causes.\\nHunting and fishing are excellent all through this region.\\nOne day in February of the present year, Mr. Knowlton, a\\nguest at the hotel, went out fishing on Lake Monroe, and in\\nthe afternoon caught one hundred and forty pounds of fine\\nblack bass, the most delicious of eating. It excited no par-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE 8ANF0ED GRANT. I59\\nticiilar comment, for others, so I Avas assured, have fre-\\nquently beaten that score.\\nThree miles from Sanford is Belair, the special grove of\\nthe General, a fine estate of one hundred and twenty-five\\nacres, all fenced and under the highest cultivation. Here\\nare thousands of orange, lemon, and lime trees, and pine-\\napple-plants, including nearly every known variety of these,\\nand hundreds of other foreign and native tropical plants,\\nfruits, and shrubs. A visit thither is very interesting, and\\na cordial welcome is extended to all.\\nIndian-corn, sugar-cane, cotton, tobacco, rice, strawber-\\nries, cabbages, tomatoes, watermelons, and all garden prod-\\nucts, yield immense crops in the soil around Sanford.\\nDuring last February an exceptionally cold month for the\\nseason I visited a number of gardens, where the vege-\\ntables were growing just as finely, as rapidly, as prolifically,\\nand with as little requirement of labor, as in any soil, any-\\nwhere, at any season. From one garden, comprising three\\nquarters of an acre, four crops had been taken, during the\\npreceding twelve months, by using a moderate amount of\\nfertilizer. Think of that -four crops in one year\\nThe South Florida Journal, a well-conducted sheet,\\nowned and edited by two live newspaper-men from Ohio,\\nis published weekly at Sanford. The climate is pleasant,\\nand enjoyable all the year there is no month that is spe-\\ncially uncomfortable by reason of cold or heat nor are\\nmosquitoes and gnats more aggravating than wherever\\nthey exist in other regions.\\nThe settlers on this grant are mostly recent arrivals, who\\ncome from all parts of the country. Besides the foreign\\ncolonies, there are colonies from New York, Ohio, and Wis-\\nconsin. The Hon. Thurlow Weed, General O. H. Babcock,\\nSenator H. B. Anthony, and several other prominently\\nknown gentlemen, own fine groves on the grant.\\nGeneral Sanford lives much abroad, and the management", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "160 FLORIDA.\\nof his vast estate, with its multiplied interests, devolves\\nupon the resident agent, Mr. J. E. Ingraham, a native of\\nMilwaukee, Wisconsin. It is not many years since Mr. In-\\ngraham came to Florida in what was supposed to be the\\nfinal stage of consumption yet no one, to see him now,\\nwould suppose that he had not always been in the enjoy-\\nment of vigorous health. He is also the President of the\\nSouth Florida Railroad.\\nAnother energetic and enterprising citizen of Sanford,\\nto whom the people of the city and of the grant in fact,\\nof all Orange County are much indebted, is Mr. George\\nH. Sawyer, of Massachusetts (a resident of Sanford since\\n1875), proprietor of the City Hotel and owner of one of\\nthe finest gardens in the State. This garden alone, demon-\\nstrating as it does the feasibility of a first-rate vegetable-\\ngarden in South Florida, entitles him to special mention.\\nDuring the entire winter his hotel tables are loaded with\\nthe best of squashes, cabbages, celery, ca^uliflower, peas,\\nstring-beans, tomatoes, potatoes, radishes, beets, etc., daily\\nculled from the garden. His efforts in displaying Orange\\nCounty resources at the recent State Fair in Jacksonville\\n(season of 1880- 81) had great effect in directing thither\\nthe tide of immigration that is now flowing in and he is\\na prominent mover in all local enterprises.\\nOn the 22d of February, 1881, a county fair was held at\\nSanford, which was peculiarly interesting as a dis]3lay of\\nwhat this portion of Florida can do in the way of midwin-\\nter products. Instead of describing it myself, I will quote\\nsome passages from a report prepared by Dr. J. L. Richard-\\nson, who spent the winter in Orange County, for the Mount\\nSterling (Kentucky) Democrat. He says\\nThis exhibition was projected as a county fair, to ex-\\nhibit to the country the actual products of Orange County,\\nin the midst of the severest and most protracted winter the\\nStates have ever experienced, and place upon record such", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE SANFORD GRANT. 161\\nfacts as demonstrate the possibilities of cheap, comfortable,\\nand profitable living.\\nOn entering the grounds, the first thing that attrjact-\\ned attention was the line of coops containing poultry in\\ntheir glossy and peculiar costumes. They were all unex-\\nceptionable specimens of their respective species, and their\\nhandsome and healthful appearance gives evidence of cli-\\nmatic adaptation. Considering the domestic convenience\\nand the aggregate value of this department, it deserves a\\nlarge share of the public attention. The geese were worthy\\nof notice for their size and fine development. Their feath-\\ners were evidently finer, although, perhaps, not affording so\\nlarge a yield as in a northern climate. The turkeys, being\\nin their native latitude, were enabled to entertain their ad-\\nmirers with unsurpassed domestic accomplishments, while\\nthe Muscovy ducks were equal to the best of their kind.\\nThe f antail pigeons were beautifully attractive, and showed\\nthat South Florida might become quite as noted and finan-\\ncially valuable in her dove-cotes as old Spain herself.\\nThe sugar-cane and its products, as exhibited by Mr. G.\\nW. Crawford, of his own growth and manufacture, were of a\\nsuperior quality, and develops a very interesting and impor-\\ntant department of industry. Mr. Crawford, who lives a few\\nmiles south of Orlando, is one of the most enterprising and\\nsuccessful farmers in Orange County, and besides the pre-\\nceding he exhibited green j)eas, turnips, tropical yams, sweet-\\npotatoes, corn, cabbages, etc., all of mammoth growth. This\\ntropical yam produces enormous tubers of a black color,\\nand equal to the Irish potato in every respect, but of finer\\nflavor. It grows rapidly from any small section of the root,\\nand continues to grow as long as it is in the ground.\\nThere were turnips measuring three feet in circumfer-\\nence cabbages weighing from twelve to fifteen pounds,\\nand radishes as much as nine pounds, solid and brittle. The\\nMean luxuriaas, or Te-o-sin-te grass of the gods exhibit-\\ned by Dr. Kenworthy, is eight or nine feet long, and re-\\nsembles corn-fodder, and is said to be very prolific, yield-\\ning from fifty to one hundred tons per acre. Heads of let-\\ntuce that would cover a dinner-plate looked fresh and crisp\\nwhile onions, leeks, kale, parsnips, etc., lay around in rich\\nprofusion. Potatoes planted on Christmas-day were of fine\\nsize for table use, and altogether it would be difiicult to im-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "162 FLORIDA.\\nagine a more splendid and attractive show of garden-vege-\\ntables, maturing in the open garden while all the other\\nStates lay congealed in the icy chains of winter. The cau-\\nliflowers raised near Sanford, for size and beauty, were ob-\\njects of surprise some of the bloom measured fifteen inches\\nin diameter, being compact and solid. The pineapples were\\nin every stage of development, while the matured ones\\nwere large and attractive. The cassava, with its products\\nof beautiful starch and nutritious tapioca manufactured in\\nthe- county, demand especial notice as articles of utility and\\nprofitable manufacture. The display of arrow-root from\\neighteen inches to two feet long was sufficient evidence that\\nthis part of Florida will produce it in as fine perfection as\\nBermuda. The root is tapering at each end beautifully\\nwhite, and jointed like a bamboo.\\nTomatoes hanging on vines recently dug up intruded\\ntheir plump and rosy cheeks upon your attention. There\\nwere also pepper-plants with mature fruit upon them grown\\nwithout protection, and the tender banana with its purple\\nand peculiar bloom. All the members of the citrus family\\nwere present, with their aprons full of the yellow and golden\\nfruits just gathered from the grove. The Japan plum and\\nfine varieties of strawberries were well represented. These\\nfacts are only stated in justice to show that the inclemency\\nof the 2^(^st winter fo7 it is i^cist here has not materially\\ninterrupted the delicate fruit and vegetable crop of Orange\\nCounty. Cotton and tobacco were also on exhibition, both\\nof which can be raised on some lands profitably.\\nThere was quite a varied and handsome display in the\\nfloral and botanical departments, embracing divers speci-\\nmens of the coleus, ferns, Brazilian plants, pampas-grass,\\njaunty jasmines, etc.\\nBeginning at Sanford, and bringing to it the products\\nof the best portion of Orange County, the South Florida\\nRailroad runs southwest twenty-two miles to Orlando, the\\ncounty-seat. The first spadeful of earth in the grading of\\nthe line was turned by General Grant, on the 10th of Janu-\\nary, 1880 and the road has the further distinction of being\\nthe only newspaper railroad in the world it was built\\nand is owned by the proprietors of the Boston Herald,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE 8ANF0BD GRANT. 163\\nwho conceived the plan and carried it out with journalistic\\npromptitude and vigor. It is a narrow-gauge road (three\\nfeet between the rails), is thoroughly w^ell constructed and\\nequipped, and is the pioneer in what is destined to be a\\ngreat railway system when present plans are perfected.\\nThe first station after leaving Sanford (three miles out)\\nis Belair, the site of General Sanford s famous grove, al-\\nready described. Two miles beyond is Bent s, a place where\\na number of young orange-groves are about to come into\\nbearing and two and a half miles beyond Bent s is Sol-\\ndier Creek. Longwood station is nine and a half miles\\nfrom Sanford Snow s is three miles farther and three\\nmiles farther still is Maitland, the most important point\\non this portion of the line. Maitland is a scattered lit-\\ntle hamlet, comprising four or five business houses, and\\nenjoys the distinction of possessing the finest public hall\\nin the State (Pack wood Hall). Here also is a large ho-\\ntel, which is open during the winter season. The adja-\\ncent region consists of what is called high pine-land, in-\\nterspersed with occasional tracts of rich hammock, and is\\ndotted with numerous small lakes, some of which are per-\\nfect gems of landscape beauty, while all abound in fish.\\nIn the neighborhood are many improved homes and large\\norange-groves. Among the latter is one owned by Bishop\\nH. B. Whipple, of the Diocese of Minnesota and a very\\nfine one, seen on the left from the cars, is the property of\\nMr. B. R. Swoope, superintendent and general manager of\\nthe railroad. One of the pleasantest places in the vicinity\\nis that of Mr. George H. Packwood, crowning a crest which\\nslopes up gently from the shore of the lovely Lake Sybelia.\\nHe has a large orange-grove and one of the most extensive\\ngrape-arbors in the State, together with pineapples and\\nother semi-tropical fruits.\\nThe next station south of Maitland (two miles distant)\\nis Osceola. This also is a pretty region of high pine-lnnds.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "16i FLORIDA.\\ncomprisiDg many fine orange-groves, and settled for the\\nmost part by Northern people. Up to this point the coun-\\ntry traversed is level or but slightly undulating, with far-\\nstretching pine-woods, and a light, sandy soil. Near Or-\\nlando the character of the country changes, the surface\\nbecomes more rolling and hilly, the soil is darker and richer,\\nthe lakes are surrounded by what in this section are called\\nbluif s, and the scenery is more picturesque and pleasing.\\nHere is the high table land of Central Florida, the natural\\nwater-shed for an examination of the map will show the\\nstreams flowing east, west, north, and south from this high\\nplateau.\\nTwo miles this side of Orlando (twenty miles from San-\\nford) is Interlaken, formerly Wilcox, a place which is\\ngrowing with great rapidity, and which seems destined to\\nbecome the home of an unusually estimable class of resi-\\ndents, many of them of the cultivated and thrifty New\\nEngland type. Among the settlers here are such men as\\nex-Governor Pilsbury, of Maine, and the Hon. John G.\\nSinclair, of New Hampshire, the latter of whom has thrown\\nhimself with ardor into the development of the place, and\\nnow has, besides a growing orange-grove, a cassava starch-\\nfactory, a saw-mill, and a cotton-gin. Here, also, is the\\nhome Waverley Hall of Major M. R. Marks, one of the\\nmost famous characters of this region, and in fact one of\\nthe best-known men in the entire State for every one who\\ndoes not know him personally knows some of the innumer-\\nable anecdotes about him. Originally from Georgia, he\\nhas lived in Florida for nearly twenty years, has contributed\\ngreatly to the development of Orange County, is considered\\nperfect authority on land-values, and is always loaded with\\na big bargain. Nearly all the real-estate transactions of\\nthe entire region are consummated through him, or through\\nMr. Sinclair, who also does an extensive business as a land-\\nagent. Some of the prettiest lakes in the State surround", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE 8ANF0RD GRANT. 165\\nInterlaken on nearly all sides, and there is one connected\\nchain upon which a boat-ride of at least twenty miles can\\nbe enjoyed. The scenery of these lakes is exquisite, and\\none is constantly tempted to exclaim, What a lovely place\\nthat is, on that knoll, for a home A good hotel here\\nwould be sure to attract many visitors, and there is a proba-\\nbility that such a one will be erected soon.\\nOrlando, the county-seat, is an old place, typical of the\\nSouth, a genuine native community of the kind that the\\ntraveler finds in all sections of the State, almost always\\nlocated in a beautiful, bountiful region, where ISTature has\\ndone everything to aid and please, and where man seems\\nindisposed to do anything. The boom that has enlivened\\nevery other spot in Orange County seems to have left Or-\\nlando comparatively untouched yet there is no other local-\\nity that oifers greater attractions, for the soil is exception-\\nally fertile and productive, plenty of timber is convenient,\\nand the surrounding country, studded with little lakes, is\\nremarkably pleasing. A court-house and a jail are among\\nthe most conspicuous features of the place, but neither these\\nnor the residences are kept in that trim and neat condition\\nthat in Florida, as elsewhere, marks the presence of the\\nNorthern settler. The hotel is charmingly located in the\\nmidst of an orange-grove and the entire region, on ac-\\ncount of its elevation, perhaps, enjoys a remarkable exemp-\\ntion from mosquitoes, sand-flies, and the other insect-pests.\\nThe Orange County Reporter is published here by an\\nenergetic Western man, and is one of the best local papers\\nin the State.\\nFor the present, the South Florida Railroad ends at Or-\\nlando, but this is only temporary, and preparations are be-\\ning made for its extension southwest. Its ultimate destina-\\ntion is Charlotte Harbor, on the Gulf -coast, of which a de-\\nscription is given in a previous chapter. Several branch\\nlines are also projected, and the one to Lake Tohopeka-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "166 FLORIDA.\\nliga will probably be completed by the time this book ap-\\npears, opening up a very ricb and attractive section.\\nOrange County, which comprises all the above-men-\\ntioned places, and which extends westward to the beautiful\\nLake Eustis region described in another chapter, is better\\nknown than any other portion of the interior of the State,\\nand has succeeded in securing a larger share of the immi-\\ngration that has lately set in from the North and West.\\nMore activity and public spirit are exhibited there than\\nelsewhere, and more pains are taken to collect and dissemi-\\nnate information as to its resources and advantages. Part-\\nly for these reasons, and partly because it is a typical coun-\\nty of the central portion of South Florida, I shall quote\\nsomewhat extensively from an article descriptive of its re-\\nsources and advantages, which appeared recently in the\\nOrange County Reporter, and which is understood to\\nhave been written jointly by Major Marks and the Hon.\\nJohn G. Sinclair\\nOrange County lies in the very heart of the Peninsula\\nof Florida, and on the highlands of the narrowest portion\\nof the peninsula. From this county flow streams to the\\nnorth, south, east, and west, showing at a glance that it is\\nthe highest region lying between the ocean and the Gulf.\\nIt is thus exposed to both east and west winds, which ef-\\nfectually drive away malaria. Except in the low and heav-\\nily timbered lands on lakes and rivers, fevers are almost\\nunknown. There are no prevailing diseases common to\\nthis portion of the State and, semi-tropical as it is, no case\\nof yellow fever or cholera has ever been known here. Even\\nthe vaunted health resorts of Colorado show a death-rate\\namong the resident population of double that of Orange\\nCounty while, of the invalid and tourist class, the death-\\nrate in that much-advertised region is fully ten times as\\ngreat as among the same class here. The late Government\\ncensus shows but thirty-one deaths in a population of 6,618\\nin Orange County for the year ending June 1, 1880. This\\nincludes all classes and all causes. This immunity from", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "ORANGE COUNTY. 167\\nsickness is due first to pure water, and secondly to tlie pre-\\nvailing winds which carry away all malarial poisons, and at\\nthe same time modify the temperature to so great an ex-\\ntent, during both summer and winter months. A record\\nkept by a careful observer, for the past year, shows that\\nthe highest point recorded by the mercury last summer was\\n97\u00c2\u00b0 the lowest the present winter 34\u00c2\u00b0 a less variation of\\ntemperature in a whole year than is frequently experienced\\nin higher latitudes in twenty-four hours. The residents of\\nOrange County are free from those sudden climatic changes\\nwhich are so severe a tax upon the vital energies of residents\\nof the Northern States. Colds are therefore rare and never\\nsevere, and catarrh among old residents is rarely found.\\nOrange County lies on the west side of the St. John s\\nRiver, that stream forming the eastern boundary of the coun-\\nty. It contains about sixty-one Congressional townships.\\nIts northern extremity touches Lake George its south-\\nern reaches and includes Lake Tahopekaliga. Lying upon\\nboth the eastern and western borders are chains of large\\nlakes the largest, Lake Apopka, upon the west, covering\\nan area of fifty-six square miles. The interior is thickly\\ndotted with lakes of smaller size, ranging from an acre to a\\nthousand acres in extent. The water in these lakes is pure\\nand soft. The bottoms and shores are sandy and hard. In\\nall of them fish abound, and the angler can find plenty of\\nsport. Upon the high pine-lands surrounding these little\\nlakes, beautiful building-sites can be found, where a home\\ncan be made and embellished with all the shrubs and flowers\\nthat can be grown in a semi-tropical region. It is here that\\nsemi-tropical fruits flourish and reach a degree of develop-\\nment not surpassed in any part of the world. Oranges,\\nlemons, limes, citrons, guavas, figs, bananas, and pineapples\\nreach perfection here, and their culture, for either profit or\\npersonal gratification, is attended with the most satisfactory\\nresults. Strawberries and grapes also do well. The\\nformer fruit begins ripening in January and continues until\\nMay. With the full development of the resources of the\\ncounty, the culture of this fruit will receive attention. It\\nripens at a season of the year when there is little danger of\\nloss in transportation, and when people in the larger cities\\nin the North would be willing to pay exorbitant prices for\\nthe fresh fruit.\\n8", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "168 FLORIDA.\\nNine tenths of the failures in orange-culture that have\\noccurred up to this date are due to indolence and misman-\\nagement. Intelligent industry has always been rewarded\\nwith success. The orange has natural enemies in the scale\\nand other insects, but good care will overcome all of these.\\nThe only enemy to the citrus family that can not be suc-\\ncessfully combated by man is the frost, and it is here that\\nOrange County has an advantage over any region lying to\\nthe north of us. Its elevated position and numei ous lakes\\nafford a protection from frosts that, in spite of all claims\\nto the contrary, is not possessed by any portion of the\\nState north of Lake George. The recent cold weather\\nthe coldest with one exception in forty-eight years, and in\\nsome localities the coldest since 1833 did not damage the\\ntrees or fruit in Orange County. This statement is made\\nin the teeth of all contrary assertions, and in proof of the\\nclaim we invite an inspection of the groves of Orange\\nCounty just at this time, before there has been time for\\ntrees to recover from the effects of the cold. We do not\\nclaim that we had no frost. It is not even pretended that\\nno injury was done in this county. Tender vegetables in\\nthe garden were killed or damaged, and those who were\\nengaged in vegetable gardening were subjected to loss.\\nBut neither trees nor fruit were injured, with the exception\\nof the guavas in a few exposed situations, as there is abun-\\ndant evidence here to show.\\nCotton, sugar, and rice can be successfully and profit-\\nably grown upon a large portion of the lands of Orange\\nCounty. Where an attempt has been made, upland rice\\nhas proved a successful crop on the high pine-lands. The\\ncotton-crop of the present year has in most cases proved a\\nprofitable one, and the sugar and sirup crop, just now\\nbeing marketed, has amply repaid all effort. The sugar-\\ncrop has received but little attention for years, owing to\\nthe difiiculties attending the marketing of the product, and\\nthe consequent low prices offered by local buyers. The\\npresent year shows a little improvement in prices, and\\nthere is reason to believe that coming years will give a\\nmarked improvement in this respect. IJpon the margins\\nof these beautiful lakes there are large areas of land adapt-\\ned, both by character and situation, to the production of\\nsugar. And it is a significant and suggestive fact that", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "OBANOE COUNTY. 169\\nwhile envious portions of the State and the South are\\nclaiming that old Orange County was as severely injured\\nby the late cold weather as any other region, our planters\\nare now, three weeks after the cold wave, engaged in\\ngrinding cane and making sugar, and the quality is not\\naffected.\\nWinter gardening will pay a larger per cent, on the\\ncapital and labor invested than the most successful agri-\\ncultural operations in the North. It is not claimed that a\\nlarger yield per acre can be secured in Florida than in the\\nfertile valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri. But a rea-\\nsonably good crop can be grown here at a season of the\\nyear when the farmers of the North are ice-bound and can\\nraise nothing. A bushel of tomatoes grown in the North\\nwill net the producer one dollar. The crop comes into\\nmarket just at a time when every farmer and gardener\\nhas produce to sell. The market is soon overdone, and the\\nprice gets so low that it will not pay for picking and mar-\\nketing. One dollar per bushel for the season would be a\\ngood average price. A bushel of tomatoes grown in Flor-\\nida and put into the New York market from December to\\nFebruary, will frequently net the grower ten dollars. Five\\ndollars could always be depended upon, and thus the Flor-\\nida truck-grower has an advantage over his Northern com-\\npetitor in being able to get his products into market at a\\nseason of the year when he can find a ready sale at fancy\\nprices, instead of seeing them go begging in an overstocked\\nmarket at a starvation price. The fruit-growing industry\\nwill always be the chief attraction of this region. But,\\nwhile the fruit-grower is waiting for his trees to come into\\nbearing, he must manage to live. To do this he can engage\\nin market-gardening, sugar-growing, or raising cassava for\\nthe starch-mills, and thus secure a fair income and a good\\nliving from the start. Any of these he can do without in\\nany way interfering with the culture of his grove and,\\nindeed, while the trees are small, vegetables can be grown\\namong them to advantage. The cost of living is light.\\nFuel costs nothing, and the family clothing will not exceed\\none half what is necessary in the North.\\nOrange County is to-day attracting more attention and\\nincreasing faster in population than any other county in the\\nState. Its rolling, high pine-lands, lying along the heights", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "170 FLORIDA.\\nwliicli divide the waters of the ocean and the Gulf, are un-\\ndoubtedly the best drained and as well adapted to the cult-\\nure of the orange and all semi-tropical fruits as any in the\\nState, and to these advantages in this respect may be added\\nabsolute exemption from damaging frost. Here, too, the\\nwater is as pure and as sweet as in New England, and there\\nis entire exemption from fever and ague and other mala-\\nrious diseases found in lower sections of the State. From\\nSeptember to April the climate is much like the finest\\nIndian-summer days of the North, while from April to\\nSeptember the mercury rarely registers more than 96\u00c2\u00b0.\\nSituated on the narrow part of the peninsula, alternate\\nbreezes from the Gulf and the ocean modify the heat and\\nrender the nights cool and comfortable and the universal\\nexpression of people settled here from the North and West\\nis, that while the heat is more uniform and longer contin-\\nued, it never reaches the extreme heat of the places from\\nwhich they came, and that their summers spent here have,\\non the whole, been quite as comfortable as those of their\\nformer homes. National official statistics show that the\\ndeath-rate of the State of Florida is two and three fourths\\nper cent., while that of New Hampshire is three per cent,,\\nand in other New England States and in the West the per-\\ncentage is still larger. In Orange County, in a population\\nof upward of seven thousand, the late census returns show\\nonly thirty-one deaths for the year ending June 1, 1880.\\nHow does the summer heat affect a Northern man is a\\nquestion frequently asked. The best reply is the fact that\\nsunstroke is unknown, and that with reasonable precautions\\nthere is no more inconvenience from heat here than in the\\nNorth. The writer came from the North last May, just at\\nthe unfavorable time of the year. For the first time in five\\nyears he was able to follow his business through the entire\\nsummer and was free from that general letting down of\\nthe nervous forces experienced for years while following\\nhis profession in Iowa.\\nThe highest point recorded by the mercury last summer\\nwas 97\u00c2\u00b0 the lowest reached the present winter and this\\nhas been the coldest since 1857, and with one exception\\nsince 1835 is 34\u00c2\u00b0, showing a total annual range of 63\u00c2\u00b0.\\nIn the boasted health-resorts of Colorado we have expe-\\nrienced a greater variation than this within twenty-four", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "ORANGE COUNTY. 171\\nhours. It is its equable temperature and absolute freedom\\nfrom sudden changes that make South Florida so desirable\\na region for people suffering with throat and lung affections\\nand catarrh. If the latter disease is curable, a residence\\nhere will effect a cure.\\nAn idea prevalent, particularly in the North, is that our\\nState swarms with reptile and insect life, while the fact is\\nthat in this locality at least we are as exempt from both as\\nany in the country. The writer of this article has yet to\\nsee his first rattlesnake or moccasin, though he has spent\\nmuch time in bunting and fishing, and* traversing the for-\\nests, for the last year.\\nWe have mosquitoes here, but neither so numerous nor\\ntroublesome as in the city of Boston. Sand-flies abound in\\nsome sections of the State, but not here. Our land is what\\nis called high pine, dotted with hundreds of clear-water\\nlakes, upon the shores of which are the finest orange and\\nfruit lands in the world not only the orange, but the lem-\\non, lime, banana, pineapple, grape, guava, citron, fig, straw-\\nberry, and all semi-tropical fruits can be produced in abun-\\ndance and with large profit. Turnips, squashes, beets, cu-\\ncumbers, cabbages, onions, and all vegetables are raised\\nquite as easily here as elsewhere, and find ready sale in\\nNorthern markets at remunerative prices. Cotton, sugar-\\ncane, tobacco, cassava, arrow-root, etc., can be profitably\\nraised. Transportation to and from the cities of New York\\nand Boston is cheaper from this point than from either of\\nthose cities to the interior of Maine, New Hampshire, or\\nVermont. For instance, the freight on oranges per box,\\nfrom Sanford to Boston, is sixty-five cents barrels of\\nstarch, eighty cents per barrel, and other merchandise pro-\\nportionately low. The St. John s River, navigable by large\\nsteamers with which we are connected by twenty miles of\\nrail, opens to us, by water communication and cheapest\\nrates of transportation, the best markets of the world.\\nMuch valuable land is now open to the actual settler,\\nand may be had by others from Government price, at points\\nremote from transportation, to five, ten, twenty, thirty, and\\nup to one hundred dollars or more per acre at points imme-\\ndiately on the railroads, or lakes connecting with the rail.\\nTen acres of land is amply suflicient for a grove of five\\nhundred trees. Here as elsewhere there is more danger of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "172 FLORIDA,\\ncultivating too much than too little land, and it is gener-\\nally better to buy five acres near transportation than fifty\\nacres more remote, for the purpose of fruit-growing, on\\naccount of the trouble, expense, and damage to fruit by\\nteaming.\\nWe are asked if capital can be profitably invested\\nhere. There are virgin forests of the finest pine, cedar,\\ncypress, and oak in the Union for sale at low prices. The\\nrapid disappearance of that class of timber in the IS orth\\nand West, and the immense local demand for building and\\nfencing for here we have no stone for fencing and the\\nmaterial for boxes for fruit and vegetables Avill give a sure\\nand more rapid advance to these timber-lands than has\\nbeen witnessed in any State in the Union. Here, too,\\nmoney can be loaned on security as safe as United States\\nbonds, at from ten to fifteen per cent, per annum. Here,\\ntoo, are gigantic unimproved water-powers, surrounded by\\nthe finest cotton-growing lands in the Union. We need\\ntanneries, boot and shoe and furniture manufactories, car-\\nriage-builders, etc.\\nThe State laws exempt to every head of a family a\\nhomestead of one hundred and sixty acres in the country,\\nor half an acre in town, together with one thousand dollars\\nworth of such personal property as the owner may select.\\nThe legal rate of interest is eight per cent., but contracts\\nmay be made for any rate. Taxes are rather high, the pres-\\nent rate of assessment in this county for all purposes being\\none dollar and fifty-five cents per hundred dollars. But\\nthis is on a valuation entirely too low. The State Treas-\\nury is solvent, paying cash on all warrants drawn against\\nit, and the bonded debts of the State are gradually being\\nreduced, and interest is paid thereon promptly.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XI.\\nEAiq^DOM SKETCHES.\\nAn Ocean Voyage in Winter.\\nOne of the pleasantest incidents of a visit to Florida, if\\nthe journey be made by water, as it should be, if possible,\\nis the sea-voyage thither. To the resident of ISTew York\\nand the Eastern section of the North the opportunity thus\\nto go to the tropics by sea is afforded weekly by the Mal-\\nlory Steamship Line (Pier 20, East River), the only ocean-\\nroute to Florida from the North which involves no change\\nor transfer. The steamships of this line that make the Flor-\\nida trip direct from New York to Jacksonville, stopping at\\nPort Royal and Fernandina, are the Western Texas, of\\ntwelve hundred and ten tons. Captain Hines, and the City\\nof San Antonio, fifteen hundred and forty-seven tons. Cap-\\ntain Risk and it is sufficient to say of them that they are\\nfirst-class sea-going passenger-steamers, built of iron on the\\nmost approved models, provided with all known appliances\\nfor safety and comfort, and fitted up with elegance and\\ntaste.\\nIn making the journey by this sea-route the contrast\\nbetween the two regions and climates is much more marked\\nand noticeable than in going by land. Leaving New York\\nin the midst of winter, the tourist sees pass by him in glis-\\ntening panorama the snow-clad hills and shores of Long\\nIsland and Staten Island, feels the chilling blasts, and gladly\\nseeks the warm and cozy cabin to escape the discomfort", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "174 FLOBIBA.\\nof the cold. Slippers and easy coats are donned, pipes and\\npapers are produced, cards and dominoes are called for\\nand soon, without formal introductions, the passengers are\\nrapidly becoming friends (and what friendships are so\\nwarm and unreserved as those formed on a sea-voyage\\nNext morning land is nowhere to be seen you are out\\non the vasty deep, and quite likely it is a surprise to you to\\nfind that it is so smooth and calm. Very many people on\\ntheir first sea-voyage allow their imaginations to be stimu-\\nlated and their apprehensions aroused by the accounts which\\nthey then recall of terrible storms and waves mountain-\\nhigh, of plunging and straining ships, of iron-bound and\\ndangerous coasts, and the like but while all these things\\nare possible, yet, like the possible frightful railway accident,\\nthey are seldom seen or experienced. In spite of the general\\nimpression to the contrary, the weather along the Atlantic\\ncoast of America is nearly always fair and agreeable. The\\nwriter has made several passages around the famous Cape\\nHatteras, and each time had the good fortune to find it\\nlike a journey on an inland lake. Each time the waters\\nwere mirror-like in their smoothness, and this experience,\\nby no means a rare one, has produced a skeptical feeling\\nin regard to that cape of so many disagreeable stories.\\nMoreover, even should rough weather be encountered,\\nthe worst to be feared is an acute attack of the mal-de-mer,\\nand a prolongation of the time consumed by the voyage.\\nOf downright danger there may be said to be none, such a\\nthing as a serious accident to one of these stanch coast-\\nwise steamers being among the rarest of occurrences.\\nThe second day, schools of porpoises begin to appear,\\nflying-fish and jelly-fish are often to be seen, occasional\\nglimpses of the coast to the west are obtained, and the\\npolite officers are kept busy pointing out and giving the\\nnames of the tall, warning lighthouses that are almost con-\\nstantly in sight. At Port Royal a short stay is made, the", "height": "3535", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "AN OCEAN VOYAGE IN WINTER. 175\\npassengers flock on shore, and here yoii first begin to realize\\nthat you have left the dreary regions of winter behind. As\\nhe nears the wharf, the tourist will begin to think that, in\\nthe number of smells at least, it resembles the city of Co-\\nlogne. This, however, is due to the vast quantity of fer-\\ntilizers which is constantly on storage near by.\\nNext day the fourth from New York Fernandina is\\nreached, a lovely island city of broad streets, and ample\\nflower-gardens surrounding handsome houses. Here we get\\nour first near view of the palmetto and the orange-tree, and\\nof that teeming luxuriance of vegetation which marks a\\nsemi-tropical clime. Again on board, and seven hours later\\nthe steamer is passing swiftly up the broad and beautiful\\nSt. John s River, affording on either hand a continuous\\npanorama of the most pleasing and novel scenery. Soon\\nthe mighty screw ceases to revolve, we round gracefully up\\nto the pier, good-bys are hastily exchanged, and the tourist\\nis in Jacksonville,* the social headquarters in winter, and\\nthe chief commercial center of the Land of Flowers. Here\\nat last he finds June in January and, as he discards his\\novercoat and takes his farewell glance at the steamer which\\nbrought him thither, he will be apt to recall Thomas Bu-\\nchanan Read s suggestive and graceful lines\\nYon deep bark goes\\nWhere traffic blows\\nFrom lands of sun to lands of snows\\nThis happier one\\nIts race is run\\nFrom lands of snow to lands of sun.\\nSince the foregoing was written, a change of plan has occurred, by\\nwhich the steamers of the Mallory Line stop at Fernandina, and passengers\\nare carried to Jaclcsonvillc in one and a half hour by the new short-cut\\nrailroad. It is understood that this arrangement is only temporary, and\\nthe steamers will, in the near future, resume their through trips direct lo\\nJacksonville.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "176 FLORIDA.\\nThe Atlantic Coast of Florida.\\nOn its Atlantic seaboard Florida presents some curious\\nphysical features. Along its entire extent there are no good\\nharbors, except at Fernandina and St. Augustine, and the\\nsoundings are shoal for some distance out yet just back of\\nthe coast-line, for a distance of over three hundred miles\\nsouth of the mouth of the St. John s River, there is a suc-\\ncession of streams and lakes and lagoons which afford almost\\nuninterrupted inland water communication along more than\\ntwo thirds of the total length of the peninsula. The most\\nimportant link in this chain of waters the Indian River\\nis fully described elsewhere. At the northern extremity of\\nIndian River a canal, two thousand feet long, known as the\\nHaulover, leads into the Mosquito Lagoon, which extends\\nnorthward about twelve miles to Oak Hill, and then, through\\nthe Devil s Elbow, connects with the Hillsboro River. The\\nlatter extends northward about fifteen miles, and then be-\\ncomes known as the Halifax River, which begins about\\ntwenty-four miles south of St. Augustine. All this portion\\nof the State is exceptionally attractive, with a fine climate,\\nexcellent sea-beaches, rich soil, and a varied capacity for\\nproduction. Its chief need at present is easy and certain\\nconnection with the natural markets for its ^^I oducts and\\nthis is likely to be afforded by a canal which the Lake\\nOkechobee Land Company propose to include in the great\\nsystem of public improvements which they have undertaken\\nto carry out.\\nTheir plan is to construct a continuous line of canal,\\nsuitable for commodious steamers of light draught, begin-\\nning at a point at or near the confluence of Pablo Creek\\nand the St. John s River, and extending thence in a south-\\nerly direction to and including Lake Worth, a total distance\\nof about three hundred and thirty miles. In this connection\\nthe following passages from a Report to the Company, by", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "THE ATLANTIC COAST OF FLORIDA. 177\\nthe civil engineer (Mr. James E. Kreamer), who examined\\nthe proposed route in the spring of 1881, will prove inter-\\nesting\\nIn constructing the Coast Canal from the St. John s\\nRiver south, advantage may be taken of the waters of\\nPablo Creek, North River, Mantanzas River, Mata Compra,\\nand Smith s or Haulover Creek, Halifax and Hillsboro Rivers,\\nMosquito Lagoon, Indian River, St. Lucie Sound, Jupiter\\nNarrows, Lake Worth Creek, and Lake Worth. All of the\\nabove-named waters are adjacent to, and generally parallel\\nwith, the east coast of Florida, being separated from the\\nocean by peninsulas and extended narrow islands, varying\\nin width from a few yards to several miles. These inland\\nwaters, affording an almost unbroken line of communica-\\ntion, may, at a reasonably moderate expenditure in system-\\natic construction presenting no embarrassing engineering\\nproblems, be developed into a great canal, possessing features\\npeculiarly its own. Merely where the artificial work of join-\\ning river to river is performed can it be regarded as a canal\\nproper, as from these points it develops into those majestic\\narms of the sea, from thirty to one hundred miles in length,\\nvarying from one to six miles in width, bordered on either\\nside by a country enjoying unbounded agricultural resources,\\na semi-tropical luxuriance in beauty of foliage, scenery of an\\nexceedingly varied and picturesque character, and blessed\\nwith a climate throughout the entire year the most equable\\nand salubrious enjoyed by any State in the Union.\\nFrom St. Augustine the Mantanzas River extends in a\\nsoutherly direction a distance of twenty-five miles, with an\\naverage width of one half mile. Its waters are salt and\\ntidal, and with the exception of isolated bars, and a ral)id\\nshoaling for a distance of three miles from the head of the\\nriver, there is a fair channel for light-draught boats. Anas-\\ntasia Island, which acts as a breakwater for the harbor of\\nSt. Augustine, forms the eastern shore-line for a distance of\\neighteen miles to Mantanzas Inlet. The natural surface is\\nnot so elevated as on the west shore, and is composed in\\npart of shell-land and black, loamy sand, capable of produc-\\ning profitable crops. On the mainland are beautiful groves\\nof pine, red cedar, and oak. Desirable cleared land is worth\\nfrom fifty to one hundred dollars per acre, depending on", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "178 FLORIDA,\\nlocation and richness of soil. South of Mantanzas Inlet the\\nriver rapidly contracts in width and depth to its junction\\nwith Pellicers Creek, at Avhich j^oint the work of construct-\\ning that portion of the canal connecting the Halifax River\\nproperly begins, consisting of a cut eighteen miles in length.\\nIn this operation advantage may be taken of the Mantan-\\nzas to its junction with the Mata Compra Creek, thence\\ngenerally following this stream to its head, from which, for\\na distance of six miles, the route crosses the country to the\\nsource of Smith s Creek, which will have to be deepened\\nand straightened to within four miles of the head of the\\nHalifax. The country to the west of this portion of the\\nline consists of flat woods, prairie, savannas, high and low\\nhammock of oak, palmetto, wild-orange, etc.; the surface\\nundulating, soil sandy, and, judging from the topography\\nand general indications, the opening of this section of the\\ncanal can be readily accomplished.\\nThat interesting arm of the sea, whose several divi-\\nsions are knov/n respectively as Halifax River, Hillsboro\\nRiver, and Mosquito Lagoon, forming a common channel,\\nwith an outwatering at Mosquito Inlet (latitude 29\u00c2\u00b0 north),\\ncontinues to the south and parallel with the ocean-beach a\\ndistance of fifty-five miles, and is separated from it by a\\nnarrow strip of land about three fourths of a mile in width.\\nThe hamlets and towns of Holly Hill, New Britain, Day-\\ntona, Halifax City, Port Orange, Blake Post-Ofiice, and\\nNew Smyrna, on the margin of the river, are desirably lo-\\ncated, principally on rich, high hammock-lands of palmetto,\\noak, and other forest-trees. The inhabitants are from all\\nsections of the Union, generally prosperous and anxiously\\nawaiting the opening of the canal, and the consequent im-\\npetus to the general industries of the country. Daytona is\\nthe most important town on the river, possesses a good\\nhotel, stores, etc. New Smyrna, in the year 1770, was the\\nseat of a large and profitable trade in indigo, immense crops\\nof which were cultivated by a colony of Minorcans, under\\nthe guidance of Andrew Turnbull the dense hammocks,\\nold canals, and turnpikes are silent monuments attesting to\\nthe vast extent of the plantations devoted to this enter-\\nprise. The river varies in width from one half to two and\\na half miles, possessing a fairly direct channel, intercepted\\nby sand and oyster bars, rendering portions of the route", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE ATLANTIC COAST OF FLORIDA. I79\\nvery tortuous beautiful islands dot its surface, and the\\nshore-lines are covered with verdure to the water s edge.\\nA low belt of sand about seven hundred yards in width,\\npierced by a narrow canal, known as the Haulover, sepa-\\nrates this system from Indian River, whose coralline bed\\nand generally well-defined shore-line extends a distance of\\none hundred and twenty miles to the south, a narrow fringe\\nof sand protecting it from the ocean, the only communica-\\ntion therewith being at Indian River Inlet, latitude 27\u00c2\u00b0 30\\nnorth. At the respective distances of ten, twenty-one, and\\nthirty-six miles from the Haulover, Titusville, Rock Ledge,\\nand Eau Gallic are located the first-named, the county-\\nseat of Brevard County, being the most prominent. It\\npossesses a good hotel, and is the general headquarters for\\nbusiness on the river. Rock Ledge is the center of a large\\nsection of country devoted to the cultivation of the orange.\\nOne thousand acres of land in this vicinity will, when set\\nin trees, give an output of over three hundred thousand\\nboxes per annum. Merritt s Island, extending from the\\nhead of the river to a point opposite Eau Gallic, is noted\\nfor its valuable lands, tropical fruits, and rich yield from\\nthe sugar-cane. The St. Sebastian River partially drains\\nthe northern portion of the Halpatiokee Flats, and is the\\nmost prominent of several streams joining the lagoon north\\nof Indian River IsTarrows, which are due to a number of isl-\\nands contracting the channel at this point. Fort Capron,\\nfifty-six miles south of Eau Gallic, and opposite Indian\\nRiver Inlet, is the site of a military post, established in\\n1849. Meteorological observations, extending over a series\\nof years, show an equable temperature, with comparative\\ndryness, mild and salubrious climate, and absolute immuni-\\nty from epidemic disease. An abundance of fruit, vegeta-\\nbles, game, fish, oysters, etc., would certainly commend this\\nas a site for a commodious hotel. Twenty-five miles south\\nthe St.^ucie River, which is the principal outlet for the\\ndrainage of a vast territory lying east of Lake Okechobee,\\nis confluent with the Indian River it has a wide and deep\\nchannel branching off into a north and south prong, and in\\nconstructing a drainage canal from Lake Okechobee to the\\nforks of the St. Lucie, opposite the mouth of the latter, it\\nwill be necessary to open an inlet connecting Indian River\\nwith the ocean. The inlet at Gilbert s Bar, just south, has", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "180 FLORIDA.\\nbeen opened on several occasions, and as often, due to its\\nnatural features, closed. On the east side of Indian River,\\njust north of the mouth of the St. Lucie, a large bay ex-\\ntends toward the ocean, and is separated therefrom by a\\nsandy ridge not over three hundred feet wide, with a possi-\\nble underlying stratum of coquina. The ocean-beach forms\\na slight cove at this point, beyond which is a reef exj^osed\\nat low tide and concave to the shore-line. These condi-\\ntions are very favorable to the maintenance of an inlet, the\\nopening of which I would recommend at this point and if\\nonce formed due to the action of tidal waters, its perma-\\nnence is assured. Indian River, for a distance of one hun-\\ndred and twenty miles, will average one and a half mile in\\nwidth, widening at points to five miles, with a generally\\ndirect channel, requiring dredging at intervals in order to\\nrender it safely navigable.\\nThe land bordering the river is generally high and low\\nhammock, interspersed with scrub palmetto, with some\\nmarsh adjacent the narrows. The soil is very productive,\\nsugar-cane and tropical fruits maturing to perfection.\\nThree miles south of the St. Lucie we enter Jupiter Nar-\\nrows, which are very tortuous, necessitating the labor of\\nstraightening and deepening at several points. They extend\\nsouth, measured by the channel, a distance of twenty miles\\nto Jupiter Inlet, intercepting Peck s Lake and Hope Sound\\na dense growth of mangrove covers the low borders and\\nfrom general observations afforded by the openings, I in-\\nferred the land for the entire distance to be of good quality,\\nand the same character as that farther north.\\nA continuation of Jupiter Inlet to the west for a dis-\\ntance of eight miles, forms the Loocahachee, a broad river,\\nfrom which are several branches, bordered by cypress, oak,\\netc., leading into the prairies and flats. From the inlet to\\nLake Worth, by the windings of Lake Worth Cj eek, the\\ndistance is about thirteen miles in a direct line, not over\\nseven. A single cut of one hundred yards in length will\\nmake a saving of one and a half mile in distance this\\nsame feature is noticeable in a marked degree at other\\npoints. There is a depth of five feet of water in the chan-\\nnel from its mouth to the rapids from this point to the\\ncanal and Haulover at Lake Worth the water is compara-\\ntively shallow, and at its head is about eight feet above the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE ATLANTIC COAST OF FLORIDA. 181\\nlevel of the surface of the lake. A direct cut from the\\nrapids to Little Lake Worth, which is immediately north of\\nLake Worth proper, would shorten the distance materially.\\nIt is not necessary to comment on the favorable character\\nof the land in the vicinity of Lake Worth, as, even with its\\npresent development, semi- weekly cargoes of vegetables\\nand tropical fruits in their respective seasons could be pro-\\nvided.\\nTHE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHWEST COASTS.\\nr\\nThe following passages are from an interesting article\\nwdiich ajDpeared in a recent number of the Semi-Tropical\\nMagazine, written by M. A. Williams, a civil engineer of\\nJacksonville\\nThe climate upon this coast is exceedingly pleasant and\\nhealthy, being fanned almost continually by the sea-breezes,\\nand the lands are adapted to general cultivation, but partic-\\nularly to semi-tropical fruits. The orange grows there to\\ngreat perfection. These inland w^aters are more properly\\nspeaking sounds rather than rivers, and upon their borders\\nthere are localities of great beauty. The waters abound in\\nthe finest variety of fish. Indeed, the fisheries at particular\\nplaces on these waters can not be excelled as to quantity,\\nquality, and variety of the fish, and the same can be said of\\nCharlotte Harbor, Sarasota, and other points upon the Gulf.\\nSo far a portion only of these fisheries have been used,\\nchiefly for the West India market, but, with population and\\nincreased facilities for shipment, they must become of great\\nvalue at no distant day.\\nThe coral formation of the peninsula crops out upon the\\nsurface in the neighborhood of Biscayne Bay, and, although\\nthe land is exceedingly rocky, yet it is productive and well\\nadapted to the cultivation of tropical fruits. LTpon the isl-\\nands lying off the southeast coast of Florida Elliot s, Key\\nLargo, and the islands farther south is where the pineap-\\nples for the United States are produced. There were more\\nthan one hundred thousand pineapples produced upon Key\\nLargo the present year. This fruit produced upon these\\nislands is said to be of better flavor and of superior quality\\nto that produced upon the Bahamas, and sells for a much bet-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "182 FLO BID A.\\nter price in the New York market. All other tropical fruits\\ngrow here to perfection. The surface of the lands is rocky\\nalmost beyond description. In surveying upon them, I had\\nfrequently to pile up rocks around my Jacob s staff to make\\nit stand upright. In fact, the entire cultivation is done with\\nthe hands and the use of a wooden stick a common hoe or\\nplow can not be used. The woods growing upon these\\nislands differ from those of any other portion of the State\\nthey are mostly exceedingly hard, heavy, and when dressed\\nvery beautiful.\\nThe Caloosahatchie and Pease Creek, upon the Gulf-\\ncoast, are large and beautiful rivers, and have upon their bor-\\nders a very large amount of excellent land and upon these\\nwaters the cocoanut, banana, pineapple, guava, and other ten-\\nder tropical fruits grow to perfection. It is also well adapt-\\ned to the culture of sugar-cane. The Caloosahatchie River,\\nfrom its entrance into Charlotte Harbor for forty miles up,\\nis more than a mile wide it then narrows into a deep chan-\\nnel with precipitous banks, and is from one hundred and\\nfifty to two hundred feet wide. It so continues to the\\nfalls at Fort Thompson. All the streams that flow from the\\nEverglades, both on the Atlantic and Gulf, have falls, thus\\nproving the practicability of draining this immense area of\\nsubmerged lands. In my judgment the Caloosahatchie is\\nthe best tropical region of this State indeed, it would\\nbe hard to excel it for beauty of location and adaptation of\\nsoil for tropical fruit-culture anywhere. Besides, it com-\\nmands a large area of country south of it, embracing the\\nbest cattle-range in the State. The propriety of connect-\\ning this Avith the Okechobee Lake and the Kissimmee\\nRiver by canal, thus giving an inland navigation for several\\nhundred miles in the center of the peninsula, is a matter\\nthat has been ably stated by other persons.\\nThe country around Forts Meade and Bartow, upon the\\nhead-waters of Pease Creek, is in many respects one of the\\nmost desirable portions of Florida. It is a region of clear,\\nopen-water lakes, with beautiful running streams of lim-\\npid water. The land is generally first-rate pine, with clay\\nsubsoil, and is very productive. This is an exceedingly\\nhealthy region, and is almost entirely free from mosquitoes.\\nThe lands on the head-waters of the Alafia are similar in all\\nrespects to those just mentioned.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE ATLANTIC COAST OF FLORIDA, 183\\nThere are good lands upon the Manatee River and\\nSarasota Bay, and in other portions of Manatee County,\\nwith locations of great beauty and value. Previous to the\\nwar the largest sugar-planting interest in Florida was upon\\nthe Manatee River.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XII.\\nCLIMATE AND HEALTH.\\nPeehaps I can not begin this chapter in a better way\\nthan by quoting the following passage from the official and\\ncarefully prej)ared pamphlet of the State Bureau of Immi-\\ngration\\nThe climate of Florida is not a hot climate in summer,\\nbut mild, and not subject to great changes of temperature.\\nThe winters are not cold ^^ndi freezing, but uniformly coo^and\\nhracing. Throughout the whole twelve months, the rainy,\\ncloudy, disagreeable days are the exception fair, bright,\\nsunny days the rule. The thermometer seldom goes below\\n30\u00c2\u00b0 in winter, and rarely above 90\u00c2\u00b0 in summer. The official\\nrecords show the average for summer, 78\u00c2\u00b0 for winter, 60\u00c2\u00b0.\\nThe daily constant ocean-breezes in summer modify the\\nheat (the Gulf-breeze, coming with the setting sun, cools\\nthe air at night) a warm or sultry night is almost unknown.\\nOfficial sanitary reports, both of scientific bodies and the\\narmy, show that Florida stands first in health, although in\\nthe reports are included the transient or recent population,\\nmany of whom take refuge here as invalids, some in the\\nlowest stages of disease. In the greater portion of the\\nState, frost is rarely known. The summer is longer, but the\\nheat less oppressive, than midsummer at the North this re-\\nsults from its peculiar peninsular shape and the ever-recur-\\nring breezes which pass over the State. For days together.\\nNew York, Boston, and Chicago show, in summer, tempera-\\nture as high as 100\u00c2\u00b0 it is very rare that it reaches that de-\\ngree in Florida for a single day, generally ranging below\\n90\u00c2\u00b0 not oppressive, modified by the ever-changing air", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 185\\nnot sultry, close, or humid mornings and evenings always\\ncool and*^ bracing. I^atives and old residents, if asked,\\nwould say tliey preferred the summer to the winter months\\nfor climate. This climate is peculiarly adapted for vegeta-\\ntion. There are years when in some localities there is a\\ndrought, and years when portions of the State have had\\nexcessive rains, but they do not extend far. In the early\\nspring, when most of the planting season occurs, there are\\nfrequent showers from the first to the middle of July, the\\nrainy season commences, continuing till the middle of Sep-\\ntember the rain falls almost every day, commencing in\\nthe early afternoon, lasting from a few minutes to a few\\nhours, rarely as long as the last period, often heavy with\\nthunder and sharp lightning, then ceasing, leaving the air\\ncool and sweet, the sky clear and bright the porous soil\\nquickly absorbs the water and leaves the footway dry.\\nThese rains fill up the low, flat lands and ponds, and are in-\\njurious to crops when planted on such lands, underlaid by\\nhard-pan. But on the high pine-lands and high hammocks\\nthe rains are of advantage, making crops grow rank and\\nheavy. The rainy season is not of regular annual oc-\\ncurrence.\\nWe take from Dr. A. S. Baldwin s tables, kept for\\nthe Smithsonian Institute, as follows\\nJacksonville, latitude 30\u00c2\u00b0 15 longitude 82\u00c2\u00b0 mean of\\nthree daily observations for twenty years, 1844- 6T. Ther-\\nmometer\\n-0\\nJanuary 55\\nFebruary 58^\\nMarch 64\u00c2\u00b0\\nApril 70\u00c2\u00b0\\n]\\\\Iay 76\u00c2\u00b0\\nJuly 82\\nAugust 82\u00c2\u00b0\\nSeptember .78\u00c2\u00b0\\nOctober 70\u00c2\u00b0\\nNovember 62\u00c2\u00b0\\nJune 80\u00c2\u00b0 j December 52\\nThe army records show for twenty years, variation at\\nSt. Augustine, Florida, 23\u00c2\u00b0.\\nRainfall at Jacksonville, average for ten ^^ears, 54*5\\ninches the largest quantity in August and September, and\\nthe least in November.\\nFrom my personal experience, I can indorse the above\\nopinions. The winter of 1879- 80, in all portions of Florida,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "186 FLORIDA.\\nwas about as delightful a season as can be imagined but,\\nas that winter was an exceptionally fine one, perhaps it\\nshould not be taken as a criterion. The summer of 1880\\nwas the hottest known in years, in this State. In a few\\nlocalities the thermometer attained 102\u00c2\u00b0 on several occa-\\nsions. Yet I spent the entire summer and autumn in South\\nFlorida, engaged in a vocation that required me to be out-\\nof-doors nearly all the time. I rode about on horseback\\nthrough the woods at all hours of the day, but on no occa-\\nsion did I really suffer from the heat or feel it in any way\\nunbearable. In fact, I thought it a pleasant, agreeable\\nsummer, and never enjoyed better health. I was frequently\\ncaught out in the sudden showers often regular drenches\\nin the rainy season, and was as wet as though I had been\\nunder a shower-bath but I always remained out and dried\\nby the wind or sun as the case might be. I saw on three oc-\\ncasions the thermometer register 102\u00c2\u00b0, but we were all pre-\\npared for warm weather, and did not find it so oppressive\\nas such a temperature would indicate. The winter of 1880\\n81 was considered the coldest and stormiest of many\\nyears, yet we probably enjoyed two thirds of the evenings,\\nsitting out on the verandas as in May weather. Three times\\nthe thermometer went below 40\u00c2\u00b0 once, December 30th,\\nit touched 32\u00c2\u00b0, damaging tomatoes and such garden-vege-\\ntables also bananas, guavas, and pineapples. On most of\\nthe evenings and early mornings in January we had fires\\nin our rooms, but it was not cold of the Torthern kind,\\nneither unhealthy nor disagreeable, simply chilly. We com-\\nplained loudly at 55\u00c2\u00b0 above zero.\\nThis was my experience of the weather in Orange Coun-\\nty, which is situated considerably north of the center of\\nthe State. In the counties farther north, up to the Georgia\\nline, it was several degrees colder but not freezing except\\nthe cold snaps in December and March nor bitter, only\\nmuch colder than is usual in Florida. It was in this sec-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 187\\ntion that the disastrous cold snaps occurred December\\n30th and March 29th, when the thermometer registered\\nabout 20\u00c2\u00b0 above zero for a few hours, and ice formed in\\nJacksonville and damaged fruits, flowers, and crops. It\\ncaused no personal suffering, and was damaging to fruits\\nand crops only of -the tenderest kind, because unexpected\\nlike any climatic calamity. Such severe cold weather is\\nnot usual in this State, and should not be regarded as an\\nevil liable to occur frequently. It was an exception. Its\\ndamage was less than from a drought, wet season, or locust-\\nplague, so frequently occurring in other States. The rainy,\\ncloudy days of December and January were so unexpected\\nand un-Florida-like, that all felt disgusted.\\nI must say, however, that we were somewhat reconciled\\nto our disasters and discomfort, as we read of the actual\\nand widespread suffering at the North and in the great\\nNorthwest. I recollect that in February we were reading\\nalmost daily in the newspapers of great storms of snow and\\nsleet, of delays and dangers on railways, of interruptions to\\ntelegraphic communication, of loss of life and property, of\\nterrible suffering from cold and hunger, of whole regions\\ndevastated by floods, and of the entire machinery of busi-\\nness and transportation brought to a standstill. At the\\nsame time, in many parts of the North, diphtheria, small-\\npox, and similar scourges, were causing the death of many\\nthousands, involving doctors bills (if no worse) for hun-\\ndreds of poor families whose resources were already strained\\nin procuring fuel and clothes for the necessary warmth.\\nNow, it is the plain unvarnished truth that that same month\\nof February, 1881, in every part of Florida, was as warm,\\nas sunny, as genial, and as healthy, as any May month ever\\nseen in the North. Fruits and flowers were growing every-\\nwhere, crops were being planted or gathered, straw-hats\\nand light clothes were common, and in the more southern\\nregions swimming and bathing in the ponds and in the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "188 FLORIDA.\\nsea were enjoyed. Oranges were being gathered in every\\nsection where the frost had not damaged them, and among\\nthe out-door attractions were fishing, hunting, riding, boat-\\ning, and yachting. Open doors and windows were the uni-\\nversal rule, the evenings were usually spent on the broad\\nverandas, and fresh garden-vegetables wxre on the tables.\\nBy reference to the files of the South Florida Journal,\\nI find that on the 22d of January Mr. George E. Sawyer,\\nof Sanford, started for the State Fair at Jacksonville, with\\nan exhibit of oranges, lemons, limes, guavas, bananas,\\nlemon and banana blooms, cabbages, cauliflowers, lettuce,\\nturnips, radishes, and carrots, all just plucked in the open\\nair.\\nIn the matter of healthfulness, too, the contrast was\\nequally great. Probably not two people in the thousand\\ndied during that February in all Florida certainly none\\ndied from the effects of cold, or from those frightful epi-\\ndemics that are the terror of the North. Pneumonia is un-\\nknown in Florida so are diphtheria and small-pox. Even\\nthe summers are remarkably healthy, except for the malari-\\nous fevers which are due to local conditions that are easily\\nrecognized and guarded against. There was never known\\na case of sunstroke or of hydrophobia in Florida. Yello\\\\\\\\^\\nfever has been known to occur in the State, and there are\\nfive localities that have acquired the bad reputation always\\ninflicted upon a place that has been visited by this terrible\\nepidemic but in each place, on each occasion, the disease\\nwas brought there by infected vessels in no case was it\\nof local or spontaneous origin.\\nThe question of climate and health, however, is pecul-\\niarly one in which the opinions of specialists are all-impor-\\ntant and, having now offered my own testimony in the\\nmatter, I propose to cite the confirmatory evidence of those\\nwho have given most attention to the matter, and whose\\nconclusions are most entitled to respect. Dr. .Joseph P.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND EEALTH. 189\\nLogan, one of the most distinguished physicians in Atlanta,\\nGeorgia, contributed a valuable article on Climate-Cure\\nto Gaillard s Medical Journal, for March, 1881, and from\\nit I make (by permission) the following extracts\\nWithout undertaking to cover the whole ground em-\\nbraced in the subject under consideration, or to engage\\nfor the ]3resent in the discussion of the speculative theo-\\nries now so rife in regard to the details of special influ-\\nences of climate upon disease, I propose as a rule, in\\ngeneral terms, that the best climate for the invalid suffer-\\ning from any disease is that which furnishes the largest\\nopportunity for interesting, comfortable, and healthful\\nout-door exercise, thoroitghly ventilated sleeping-rooms,\\nand in which there is the least necessity for burdensome\\nclothing,\\nWhile for many years the w^eight of evidence in favor\\nof the State of Florida, as furnishing these conditions to a\\nhigher degree than any other portion of the United States,\\nhas been very decided, yet, owing largely to a want of care-\\nful discrimination upon the part of medical advisers in send-\\ning persons in the fully developed or advanced stage of con-\\nsumption to that State, and the natural anxiety of even the\\nmost hopeless sufferers to exhaust every possible resource\\nin the effort to prolong life, doubts as to the real advantages\\nof that region have arisen, and repeated efforts have been\\nmade by enthusiastic members of the medical profession to\\nestablish a climatic sanitarium elsewhere. At various times\\nit was to be found among the snow and ice of Minnesota,\\nthe great elevations of Colorado, the plains of western\\nTexas, or the sand-hills and uplands of South and North\\nCarolina, or Georgia but the writer is strongly impressed\\nwith the conviction, after a number of years consideration\\nof this subject, and such opportunities of observation as in\\nhis judgment authorize him to put upon record the opinion,\\nthat all these attempts will in a large majority of cases of\\ntubercular disease, and more strikingly so with reference to\\nthe other diseases to which reference has been made, prove\\nillusive.\\nHis testimony is, that while from the causes mentioned,\\nand the want of judgment in various ways upon the part of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "190 FLORIDA,\\nsufferers from these diseases wlio have made the experi-\\nment, and we regret to say the want of moral courage (to\\nwhich the writer pleads personally guilty) in facing and\\npresenting the inevitable to our patients, resj)ectable pro-\\nfessional and popular doubts as to the efficiency of the cli-\\nmate of Florida as a remedy for consumption have arisen\\nyet the drift of the sentiment of both classes, within the\\nscope of his observation, is more marked at the present hour\\nin favor of the idea that nowhere else in this country is to\\nbe found the same reliable evidence as to the value of cli-\\nmate-cure in disease, and specially in consumption, as that\\nwhich has been accumulating for many years in regard to\\nthe State of Florida. That there is a decided exemption\\nfrom tubercular consumption, as originating in Georgia and\\nother Southern States in the same latitude, as compared with\\nthe northern sections of the United States, and that many\\npersons in the inci]3ient stage of the disease, or with a pro-\\nclivity in that direction, in the I*\u00c2\u00bbJ^orth, have been greatly\\nbenefited by a removal to the milder and more genial cli-\\nmate of almost every portion of the Southern States, and\\nespecially in Georgia and the Carolinas, is doubtless true\\nbut that this advantage has been mainly due in this region\\nto the greater opportunity for exercising in comfort and\\nsafety in the open air, and to the escape from the noxious\\ninfluences of a long winter residence in close and heated\\nrooms, rather than to any specific curative influence of the\\nclimate, there is no doubt.\\nThat thousands and tens of thousands of delicate people\\nwith an inherited or acquired proclivity to consumption, and\\nmany cases even of the actual incipient development of the\\ndisease in the more northern sections of the United States,\\nand to a more limited yet appreciable extent even in this\\nsection (where our winters are charactei ized by frequent\\nnortheastern storms of rain, alternating with sharp north-\\nwestern winds), may have their terms of life greatly pro-\\nlonged, and in a large proportion of cases escape a fatal\\nresult from the disease, by a permanent removal to, or a\\nresidence for the entire cold season in, the State of Florida,\\nupon the j)rinciple already alluded to, and to a much greater\\ndegree, and possibly to some extent to an additional cura-\\ntive influence in the climate, is established by many well-\\nauthenticated instances of such results, some of which the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 191\\nwriter may undertake to put upon record, at some future\\ntime, if they can be gathered up in proper professional\\nform.\\nAs to the result, however, of the plan adopted by\\nmost persons of spending a few weeks or months in Flori-\\nda, and especially of deferring their departure from in-\\nhospitable climates for a winter residence in this more\\ngenial region until they have been subjected to an at-\\ntack of cold or bronchitis, as the result of the inclem-\\nent weather of the early winter, and then returning\\nin the months of spring, when the climatic changes are\\ngreater and more trying than at any other period of\\nthe year, I have nothing favorable to say, and believe\\nthat the only fair test of the influences of the climate can\\nbe realized by spending the entire cold season, say from\\nthe first of November to the last of May, or by residing\\nthere the entire year in some readily-found locality free\\nfrom malaria.\\nAnd, now that the wonderful success of semi-tropical\\nfruit-culture is established beyond controversy, and a most\\npleasant, profitable, and suitable occupation is found, even\\nfor the invalid, who is not entirely disabled, and with the\\nadmirable attractions afforded by the abounding game for\\nhunting, and the charming small lakes teeming with fish for\\nboating and angling, and with the opportunity to almost\\nliterally live out-doors (the desideratum for the consump-\\ntive invalid), with something constantly to interest, and\\nwith no time hanging heavily upon the hands or for brood-\\ning over disabilities, it would seem that a very bonanza of\\nhealth, pleasure, and wealth, even for the invalids, has been\\nfound.\\nAfter visiting Florida a number of times, and regarding\\nthe whole State as more or less favorable in the climatic\\nadvantages offered, I would state that these are combined\\nto a greater degree than in any other accessible and im-\\nproved section, in that portion of the peninsula known as\\nSouth Florida, and especially in the county of Orange,\\nwith parallel and more southern counties to the region of\\nTampa upon the Gulf-coast, extending far into the interior,\\nembracing hill and dale and large bodies of rolling, majestic\\npine, oak, and magnolia forests, and many beautiful, spar-\\nkling lakes, which, in that region where evaporation from\\n9", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "192 FLORIDA.\\nand percolation through the soil is very extreme, furnish,\\nin connection with the soft and charming breezes from the\\nGulf or ocean, a desirable humidity in the long intervals\\nbetween the rains, characteristic of that section during a\\nlarge part of the year, and to such extent, specially in the\\nwinter, as to constitute it the dry season as compared to\\nthe wet season from July to September. Without,\\nthen, intending to ignore the advantages of the winter cli-\\nmate of the Southern States generally, and especially the\\npiny and sandy sections of Georgia, the Carolinas, and\\nNorthern and Middle Florida, and in some exceptional sea-\\nsons of the San Antonio regions of Texas, my advice to the\\ninvalid seeking a reliable and genial climate for the cold\\nseason is, to ship from Jacksonville (the point of steamboat\\ndeparture from the upper or lower St. John s River, as you\\nmay prefer to term it), two hundred miles by water, for\\nSanford, or Enterprise, on that magnificent expansion of the\\nSt. John s called Lake Monroe, at the head of large-steam-\\nboat navigation. And, as the invalid will not go where he\\ncan not find comfortable accommodations, it is well to state\\nthat here and in the adjacent sections of park-like, rolling\\npines in the counties of Orange and Volusia, good hotels\\nand boarding-houses have already sprung up where but a\\nfew years ago was a primeval forest.\\nBut, however necessary, attractive, and useful such\\npublic-houses are, it is not in luxurious and crowded hotels\\nthat the highest conditions for health anywhere, and espe-\\ncially for climate-cure, are found and, instead of loung-\\ning in the hotels of Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and many\\nother points of interest to the mere pleasure-seeker upon\\nthe St. John s or in this region, I would advise, as an im-\\nportant factor in a thorough test of this climate, at least in\\ndiseases of the lungs, that the invalid should be as much\\nsegregated as possible, and where practicable that he should\\nhave his own house, however simple and inexpensive it may\\nbe, and that it should be surrounded by groves, gardens,\\nand vineyards, as an interesting and valuable resource for\\nboth pleasure and profit to the health, even if there should\\nbe no occasion for it to the pocket.\\nFor more specific details and tabulated data, I am per-\\nmitted to draw largely upon an address on the Climatol-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 193\\nogy of Florida, which Dr. Charles J. Kenworthy, Presi-\\ndent of the Florida Medical Association, delivered at a re-\\ncent meeting of that Society. The address has since been\\npublished in pamphlet form, and should be read in its en-\\ntirety by those who would obtain precise and statistical\\ninformation as to the climate and hygienic conditions of\\nFlorida but the following somewhat copious extracts will\\nserve to indicate the general conclusions which Dr. Ken-\\nworthy has reached, and the evidence upon which those\\nconclusion^ are based. He says\\nDifference of opinion exists in the profession regard-\\ning the effects of climate in the treatment of pulmonary\\nand other diseases. Having been a member of the profes-\\nsion for over the third of a century, and having treated dis-\\nease in private practice, as well as in several hospitals in\\nthe United States and in other lands, I have reason to be-\\nlieve that I am justified in expressing mine. My reason for\\nsettling in this State was my wife s health. She was a suf-\\nferer from phthisis, aggravated by a Northern climate.\\nFrom my personal knowledge of the climatic advantages of\\nthis State, acquired by frequent visits, the first in 1844, Ire-\\nsolved upon settling in Jacksonville. As a result of change\\nof climate, combined with rational medication, my wife\\nwas restored to health. In 1849 I was connected with\\nBellevue and Blackwell s Island Hospitals, New York, and\\ncontracted typhoid fever and cholera, followed by ^^o^s?^-\\nmortem poisoning and im. paired health was the result.\\nTracing my family history, I found that my mother and\\nfourteen of her brothers and sisters had died of phthisis.\\nWith impaired health, a laryngeal affection, and an heredi-\\ntary predisposition to tuberculosis, I had anything but a\\nbright prospect before me. I looked to climate as my\\nsheet-anchor, and sailed for Australia, and a dry and warm\\nclimate improved my health and to-day, as you can all per-\\nceive, I am in the enjoyment of as good health as usually\\nfalls to the lot of men of my age. After a permanent resi-\\ndence in this State of nearly six years, I am convinced of\\nits healthfulness and the superiority of its climate, and deem\\nmyself warranted in expressing an opinion.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "194: FLORIDA.\\nIn this age of rapid, cheap, and comfortable traveling,\\nthe advantages to health of a change of climate should be\\nconsidered by every person suffering from pulmonary or\\nchronic disease, or broken health. It is a pleasant, and in\\nmany cases a valuable, remedy if judiciously advised. It\\nwould be difficult, says Sir James Clark, the standard au-\\nthority on climate, to point out the chronic complaint, or\\neven disordered state of health, which is not benefited by\\na timely and judicious change of climate. The diseases\\nmost likely to be benefited or cured by change of climate\\nare phthisis, laryngeal and bronchial affections, asthma, dis-\\norder of the digestive organs, chronic gout and rheumatism,\\naffections of the kidneys, and broken health. A change of\\nclimate is beneficial to strumous children, is invaluable dur-\\ning convalescence from acute and chronic disease, and more\\nespecially is it one of tho chief resources of restorative med-\\nicine.\\nA large majority of patients require a moderately\\nwarm, dry, and bracing atmosphere, and the few demand a\\nwarm, sedative climate, where the atmosphere is not alone\\nwarm, but humid and here steps in that knowledge that\\nshould be possessed by medical men who recommend cli-\\nmatic change as a remedial agent. A moderately warm,\\ndry, and bracing air, with but few sudden and great atmos-\\npheric changes, is especially adapted to tuberculous disease\\nin its early stages, catarrh, chronic bronchitis, chronic rheu-\\nmatism, debilitating mucous discharges, renal diseases, dys-\\npepsia, and some cases of asthma. A moist, warm, and sed-\\native climate is best adapted to many cases of advanced\\nphthisis, dry asthma, chronic bronchitis, accompanied with\\ngreat irritability of the pulmonary mucous membrane, and\\na hard, dry cough. The particular locality, or what climate\\nshall be chosen for a winter resort in any given case, is a\\nmatter of great importance, and should not be based on\\nthis or that letter or publication. Facts, figures, experience,\\nand favorable factors of climate should determine the ques-\\ntion. An error in this direction may be fatal, and, before a\\nphysician advises a patient to resort to any particular local-\\nity, he should carefully investigate each particular case,\\narrive at a correct diagnosis, and familiarize himself with\\nthe factors of each winter resort. Many an invalid who\\nwould be restored to comparative health, or at least survive", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 195\\nfor years, if he wintered in a temperate climate, is sent to\\na region where zero is frequently reached, where atmos-\\npheric changes are frequent and great, and where the pa-\\ntient is confined to heated rooms for days together, and\\ndebarred from taking exercise and enjoying the health-\\ngiving influence of sunlight and pure air. Others are\\nsent to a warm and relaxing climate, when they require\\na temperate, dry, and bracing one. Fashion and the\\ninfluence of some leading physician have much to do with\\nthis.\\nIn this active business country, we And many persons\\nwho have been overworked, and present a breach in the\\nchain of those vital processes whose continuity constitutes\\nhealth a condition popularly known as broken health.\\nIn Florida, the worn-out man of business, suffering\\nf rom^ broken health, will find the necessary relaxation from\\nbrain-fag, opportunities to take out-door exercise, |)lenty\\nof sunshine, pure and bracing air, and other necessary ad-\\njuncts to relieve a condition affecting the many. In this\\nconnection, I can not refrain from referring to what I con-\\nsider an important fact. From my observations in the\\nUnited States and in foreign lands, and in hospital as well\\nas private practice, I have been forced to notice the infre-\\nquency of chronic disease and broken health in Florida.\\nIn my visits to various portions of this State, I have met\\nwith many persons, old and young, who live from year to\\nyear on improper food, and who drink water from shallow\\nholes, near marshes, and yet, singular to say (although such\\npersons are somewhat ansemic), they do not present any\\nmanifest diseased condition. In cities, towns, villages, and\\nrural districts, where residents are supplied with proper\\nfood and drink pure water, a case of chronic disease or\\nbroken health is seldom met with. And if we have a cli-\\nniate in which these conditions rarely occur, are we not jus-\\ntified in concluding that it will exert a powerful influence\\nin restoring the invalid to health As most of you are\\naware, I have, at various times, visited many portions of\\nthe State, and have been surprised to meet so many persons\\nwho have settled in it as invalids and have been restored to\\nhealth or comparative comfort by the climate a large pro-\\nportion of them having been sufferers from pulmonary dis-\\neases. And what surprised me most was the fact that none", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "196 FLORIDA.\\nof their offspring manifested any constitutional predisposi-\\ntion to pulmonary disease. Independent of uterine diseases\\namong females, so common in every civilized country, and\\nconstitutional syphilis among colored people, I will ask you\\nif your experience will^ not bear out my statement, and if\\nyour practice among residents is not almost exclusively con-\\nfined to acute and not chronic disease and broken health\\nIf this is a fact, it would appear that the climate is pecul-\\niarly adapted to the cure of such conditions, and have we\\nnot a potent agent to use, and, if used aright, to benefit suf-\\nfering humanity\\nThe word climate, in its common signification, indi-\\ncates a region bounded by certain arbitrary lines, but in\\nmedicine it possesses a wider meaning. The effect of cli-\\nmate upon the human system is the sum of the influences\\nwhich are connected with many factors. The climate of\\nany locality, professionally speaking, depends upon its tem-\\nperature, atmospheric vicissitudes, prevailing winds, humid-\\nity, its elevation above the sea-level, its proximity to the\\nocean or oceanic currents, its contiguity to mountains,\\nlakes, rivers, arid areas, soil, drainage, vegetable produc-\\ntions, malaria, general sanitation, and other factors, which\\nwe shall briefly consider.\\nTemperature is an important factor in climate, and a\\nvery large proportion of the profession, who have made a\\nspecial study of pulmonary diseases, advocate a dry, sunny,\\nand temperate climate for their successful treatment. In\\nview of the great dissemination of phthisis throughout all\\nzones, and the marked percentage of mortality nearly\\ntwo sevenths of all deaths resulting from this disease it\\nis exceedingly important that correct opinions should pre-\\nvail with regard to its treatment. The importance of\\nlaboring to check this disease and limit its mortality is an\\nurgent necessity, more especially when there is a growing\\ndemand for more attention to the preserA^ation of health,\\nand when the conviction is gaining ground that this is an\\nimportant function of medical science.\\nThe modern professional view that a temperate^ ^yi\\nand sunny clime is best adapted to the treatment of a large\\nproportion of pulmonary diseases is one of the most valua-\\nble contributions that modern science has made in the treat-\\nment of such diseases. It may be stated, as a general rule.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH.\\n197\\nthat pulmonary diseases are more frequent in cold and\\nchangeable climates than in those that are moderately\\nwarm and dry. The climatological distribution of pulmo-\\nnary diseases in the United States is illustrated by the fol-\\nlowing table from Blodgett s Climatology\\nSTATES.\\nDeaths by\\nphthisis.\\nPer cent,\\nof entire\\nmortality.\\nDeaths by\\ndisease\\nof respiratory\\norgans.\\nPer cent,\\nof entire\\nmortality.\\nilaine\\n1,702\\n924\\n751\\n3,426\\n968\\n470\\n7,890^\\n915\\n3,520\\n118\\n1,101\\n1,616\\n562\\n269\\n279\\n43\\n22\\n21\\n24\\n17\\n16\\n20\\n17\\n14\\n12\\n9\\n11\\n8\\n5\\n3\\n2\\n4\\n4\\n84\\n09\\n65\\n75\\n92\\n04\\n15\\n33\\n76\\n44\\n48\\n83\\n34\\n80\\n61\\n2,074\\n1,092\\n884\\n4,418\\n1,280\\n572\\n10,846\\n1,176\\n4,821\\n185\\n1,679\\n3,540\\n1,688\\n1,343\\n1,334\\n108\\n27\\n25\\n28\\n22\\n22\\n25\\n23\\n18\\n16\\n15\\n17\\n18\\n16\\n16\\n13\\n11\\n35\\nNew Hampshire\\n82\\nVermont\\n24\\nMassachusetts\\n77\\nConnecticut\\nRhode Island\\n31\\n52\\nNew York\\n42\\nNew Jersey\\n19\\nPennsylvania\\n80\\nDelaware\\n30\\nMaryland\\n34\\nVirginia\\n56\\nNorth Carolina\\nSouth Carolina\\n60\\n69\\nGeorgia\\n44\\ni lorida\\n60\\nThe above figures do not properly represent the mortal-\\nity from phthisis originating in this State, for they do not\\nindicate the number of deaths occurring among invalids\\nwho came to the State in the last and incurable stages of\\nphthisis. From the United States census tables and\\nother statistics, the fact is developed that phthisis in the\\nUnited States progressively decreases from Maine to Flori-\\nda. Dr. Lawson, Surgeon -General United States Army,\\nsets down the mortality from tubercular consumption as\\nthree times greater in the l^orthern than in the Southern\\nStates.\\nTo illustrate one important factor of climate temper-\\nature I shall quote from the official records of the Signal\\nService of the United States Army for the months of No-\\nvember, December, January, February, and March, regard-\\ning the temperature of certain points recommended as\\nhealth resorts", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "198\\nFLORIDA.\\nLOCALITY.\\nCannes, Mediterranean\\nNice, Mediterranean\\nMentone, Mediterranean.\\nNervi, Mediterranean\\nNassau, New Providence\\nAtlantic City, New Jersey.\\nAugusta, northern Georpia\\nBreckenridge, Minnesota.\\nDuluth, Minnesota\\nSt. Paul, Minnesota.\\nKey West, Florida\\nPunta Rassa, Florida\\nJacksonville, Florida\\nAiken, South Carolina\\nLos Angeles, California\\ni\\nu\\no\\ns\\no\\n!2;\\ns\\nO\\n48-5\u00c2\u00b0\\ni\\n52-8\u00c2\u00b0\\ni g\\n3\\n54-6\\n48-8\u00c2\u00b0\\n49-4\u00c2\u00b0\\n50-8\\n3\\n53-8\\n48-5\\n47-0\\n48-4\\n51-8\\n49-9\\n3\\n55-2\\n50-5\\n48-8\\n50-4\\n53-4\\n51-6\\n3\\n55-2\\n47-8\\n46-2\\n47-8\\n49-0\\n49-2\\n1\\nro-1\\n72-3\\n72-2\\n71-9\\n74-4\\n73-3\\n4\\n45-3\\n35-3\\n32-2\\n33-2\\n37-1\\n36-6\\n4\\n54-9\\n47-6\\n48-1\\n49-6\\n57-0\\n51-4\\n5\\n17-3\\n13-4\\n6-8\\n13-1\\n18-9\\n13-9\\n4\\n28-S\\n21-6\\n12-4\\n19.2\\n25-7\\n21-5\\n5\\n28-3\\n20-0\\n13-0\\n19-4\\n27-6\\n21-7\\n5\\n74-5\\n70-5\\n70-5\\n71-7\\n73-8\\n72-2\\n5\\n69-7\\n64-8\\n65-5\\n65-9\\n69-8\\n67-1\\n4\\n62-1\\n55-8\\n56-2\\n56-9\\n62-7\\n58-7\\n5\\n54-7\\n46-7\\n46-4\\n47-5\\n56-4\\n50-3\\n1\\n62-1\\n55-3\\n54-1\\n\u00c2\u00a3i-6\\n55-8\\n56-3\\nAs thermo metric range is a matter of great import-\\nance in the causation and treatment of disease, more espe-\\ncially pulmonary affections, we will give the ranges for\\nthe cold months at a few points recommended as winter\\nresorts\\nLOCALITY.\\nAtlantic City, New Jersey.\\nAugusta, Georgia\\nMinnesota, three stations.\\nFlorida, three stations.\\nColoi^ado, two stations.\\nLos Angeles, California.\\no\\ni\\nx\\nt^\\nCO\\ng\\na\\na\\na\\no\\na\\ni\\n45\u00c2\u00b0\\n48\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00ba-S\\nP^\\n4\\n48\u00c2\u00b0\\n48\u00c2\u00b0\\n46\u00c2\u00b0\\n4\\n49\\n49\\n51\\n48\\n50\\n4\\n70\\n63\\n57\\n58\\n58\\n4\\n35\\n.37\\n35\\n33\\n35\\n4 2\\n68\\n70\\n72\\n58\\n66\\n1\\n41\\n44\\n35\\n30\\n35\\nQ\\nI-\\nc3 g\\n47^\\n49\\n61\\n35\\n67\\n37\\nTo illustrate thermal ranges for one year, we shall\\nquote from the work of Dr. Denison, and add ranges for\\nFlorida obtained from Signal Service Reports for corre-\\nsponding period", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH.\\n199\\nLOCALITY.\\nAtlantic City, New Jersey\\nNorfolk, Virginia\\nSt. Louis, Missouri\\nCheyenne, Wyoming\\nDenver, Colorado\\nColorado Springs\\nFJorida Peninsula\\nMean\\nmonthly\\nrange.\\nEange of\\nmonthly\\nmeans\\nAnnual\\nmeans.\\n41\\n0\u00c2\u00b0\\n44\\nr\\n49-7\u00c2\u00b0\\n44\\n40\\n7\\n57\\n3\\n53\\n57\\n4\\n54\\n2\\n61\\n5\\n48\\n9\\n43\\n6\\n60\\n5\\n53\\nY\\n49\\n2\\n63\\n5\\n4 7\\n7\\n46\\n8\\n29\\n1\\n19\\n2\\n73\\n4\\nAnnual\\nrange.\\n89-5^\\n89-5\\n117-0\\n136-0\\n131-0\\n123-0\\n50-0\\nIn forming an opinion regarding climates, many fac-\\ntors must be considered, and altitude is of less importance\\nthan temperature, prevailing winds, dry soil, and a low\\nmean relative humidity. With regard to the temperature\\nof the air, it is absolutely certain, says Professor Buhl, that\\nit is not the mean temperature of a place which regulates\\nthe frequency of catarrh or phthisis, but only the larger,\\nsudden, and oft-recurring vacillations of temperature, which\\nthe compensatory power of our body is unable to resist.\\nTherefore the temperature of the air and its rapid vacilla-\\ntions must be regarded as exciting causes of inflammatory\\nphthisis. Atmospheric changes in the North and West\\nare sudden and great but in Florida they are infrequent\\nand not extreme. At times, what are called cold snaps\\noccur, but their visits are infrequent, and they seldom last\\nover one, two, or three days and at any time the invalid\\ncan take exercise out-of-doors in the middle of the day.\\nOwing to the low level of the land, the absence of snow and\\nice, and the warmth of the soil for a long distance to the\\nnorth and west of this State, and the influence of the winds\\nfrom the Gulf, the northerly and westerly winds are modi-\\nfied and robbed of their harshness and refrigerating effects\\nbefore they reach Florida, and as a consequence they do not\\nexert the same injurious influence that they do at points\\nto the north and west of this State. In rej^ly to my circu-\\nlar letter, that accomplished observer and meteorologist.\\nDr. Baldwin, who has been in practice in this city for over\\nforty years, remarks Stormy weather here is compara-\\ntively rare, sustaining a proportion of about one storm here\\nto ten at the North and Northwest. The air here is re-\\nmarkable for its purity, and the temperature renders it pos-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "200 FLORIDA.\\nsible for tlie patients to take out-door exercise, so as to in-\\nspire the pure air,\\nThe subject of winds is a matter of importance in esti-\\nmating the adaptability of any climate as a health resort.\\nThe prevailing winds for the five cold months in Minnesota\\nare from the north, northwest, and west. A reference to\\nthe Signal Service Reports shows that four hundred and\\nfifty-three observations were taken during ISTovember, De-\\ncember, January, February, and March, at three stations\\nin Minnesota, and north, northwest, and west winds were\\nfound blowing from these points one hundred and ninety\\ntimes. During the same period, and as a result of a simi-\\nlar number of observations at three stations in East Florida,\\nthe wind was found blowing from the east, southeast, and\\nnortheast, two hundred and twenty-three times. All are\\naware of the refrigerating effects of northerly and westerly\\nwinds in the North and West, and that during their con-\\ntinuance a majority of invalids must of necessity be con-\\nfined to the house. The Appalachians interfere, to a great\\nextent, with the course of northerly and westerly winds,\\nand by the time they reach this f aA^ored land they are robbed\\nof their injurious influences. At times these winds affect\\nthe northern and western portions of the State, and several\\ntimes during the winter slight frosts may occur. During\\nsome winters the mercury does not reach 32\u00c2\u00b0 Fahr. as evi-\\ndence of this, I need but refer to the fact that the lowest\\ntemperature in this locality during the past winter was 34\u00c2\u00b0.\\nEasterly winds have a bad reputation, In one\\nsection of the world, at least, easterly winds are not objec-\\ntionable, and this is in Florida. On the peninsula, easterly\\nwinds are the prevailing ones in the cold months. During\\nNovember, December, January, February, and March, at\\nthree stations in East Florida, easterly winds, east, north-\\neast, and southeast, were found blowing at two hundred\\nand twenty-four observations. Owing to the proximity of\\nthe Gulf Stream, with its vast volume of heated water to\\nthe east of the coast, the easterly winds are robbed of the\\nharsh and searching properties which characterize them in\\nmost localities. As an evidence of the influence of the\\nGulf Stream, thousands of miles from Florida, even after\\nit has parted with much of its warmth, we need but refer\\nto its effects in modifying the climate of the south of Eng-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH.\\n201\\nland and France. However objectionable easterly winds\\nmay be in other sections, in this evergreen State they are\\nthe opposite.\\nPrecipitation of moisture, in the form of snow and\\nrain, is a subject worth consideration by the invalid. In\\nthe North and Northwest the presence of snow renders the\\ntaking of exercise a laborious and unpleasant occupation\\nand when it melts, and assumes the form of slash, walking\\nentails the risk of wet feet, colds, and inflammatory affec-\\ntions of the lungs. In Florida, the winter is the dry sea-\\nson, and rains are infrequent. Owing to the character of\\nthe soil in a majority of places, the rain is absorbed as\\nrapidly as it falls, and within a few minutes after a shower\\nan invalid can walk out without incurring the danger of\\nwetting the soles of his shoes.\\nOne of the most important factors of climate in the\\ntreatment of disease, and more especially affections of the\\nrespiratory organs, is a dry climate and, under the bare\\nsupposition that this or that is a dry climate, invalids are\\nfrequently consigned to an unsuitable locality. By some\\npeculiar process of reasoning, the masses have arrived at\\nthe conclusion that all cold or elevated localities possess\\ndry climates. But an unprejudiced examination of the sub-\\nject will soon dispel the illusion.\\nMEAJSr RELATIVE HUMIDITY.\\nLOCALITY.\\nMentone and Cannes\\nNassau, New Providence.\\nAtlantic City, New Jersey.\\nBreckcnridge, Minnesota.\\nDuluth, Minnesota\\nSt. Paul, Minnesota\\nPunta Eassa, Florida\\nKey West, Florida\\nJacksonville, Floinda\\nAugusta, Georgia\\nBismarck, Dakota\\nBoston, Massachusetts.\\nu\\nCD\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Si\\no\\ni\\na\\nEh\\n3\\nper ct.\\n71-8\\nper ct.\\n74-2\\nper ct.\\n72-0\\nper ct.\\n70-7\\n1\\n76-1\\n72-0\\n7 7-0\\n72-5\\n5\\n76-9\\n73-1\\n80-6\\n77-3\\n5\\n76-9\\n83-2\\n76 8\\n81 8\\n5\\n74-0\\n72-1\\n72-7\\n73-3\\n5\\n70-3\\n73-5\\n75-2\\n70-7\\n5\\n72-7\\n73-2\\n74-2\\n73-7\\n5\\nnn-\\\\\\nY8-7\\n78-9\\n77-2\\n5\\n71-9\\n69-3\\n70-2\\n68-5\\n5\\n71-8\\n72-6\\n73-0\\n64-7\\n1\\n76-6\\n76-4\\n77-4\\n81-6\\n1\\n68-0\\n61-8\\n66 6\\n68-2\\nper ct.\\n73-3\\n68-4\\n76-8\\n79-5\\n71-0\\n671\\n69-9\\n72-2\\n63-9\\n62-8\\n70-6\\n63-7\\nm\\nper ct.\\n7 2 -4\\n73-2\\n781\\n79-6\\n72-6\\n71-3\\n72-7\\n76-8\\n68-8\\n68-9\\n76-5\\n65-6\\n\u00c2\u00a7a\\nper ct.\\n72-7", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "202 FLORIDA.\\nTo place the subject of mean relative humidity in a\\nclear and unmistakable light, we shall freely use the mate-\\nrial furnished by the Signal Service Reports, and not use\\ndata of private individuals, which are not always reliable.\\nI will simply remark that, when the atmosphere is saturated\\nwith moisture, it is said to contain one hundred per cent.,\\nwhen one-half or one-quarter saturated, fifty or twenty-\\nfive per cent., and, when absolutely dry, 0.\\nAmong the factors on which the development\\nand progress of pulmonary diseases certainly depend,\\ndampness of soil is an important one, and merits the con-\\nsideration of physician and patient. Dry, sandy, or\\ngravelly soils, at a sufficient elevation to insure perfect\\ndrainage, will be, cceteris i^arihus^ more healthy than a\\ncold, clayey soil, or even a sandy soil, with water near the\\nsurface at a higher elevation. And, before a physician\\nadvises a patient to visit a given winter resort, he should\\nacquaint himself with the peculiarities of the locality as\\nregards soil and moisture for if a cold, moist soil is j^ro-\\nductive of disease, a locality where such soil exists can not\\nbe favorable for the invalid, and should be avoided. Dr.\\nJones, of St. Paul, Minnesota, says that those localities\\nonly should be recommended where the soil is sandy, or\\nhighly pervious to water, and where rainfall is rapidly ab-\\nsorbed. These conditions exist to a marked degree in a\\nlarge portion of this State hence its advantages as a cli-\\nmatic resort.\\nMalaria is a subject which enters into the discussion\\nof all southern climes, and we unhesitatingly assert that\\nFlorida has been misrepresented in this respect. It is the\\ncustom, remarks Dr. Lente (page 21), of many persons liv-\\ning at Florida resorts, off the St. John s River, to represent\\nfor obvious reasons that fever prevails there the year round,\\nand that it is dangerous to resort to it at any time. In this\\nmanner they have excited senseless alarm in the minds of\\nthose proposing to come to Florida, and have diverted them\\nto other Southern resorts, thus in the end injuring them-\\nselves as well as others. Unprincipled hotel-keepers and\\nrunners, and the agents of steamboat and railroad lines\\nleading to other localities, aid more or less in this fraudu-\\nlent attempt to gain patronage. The bugbear malaria is,\\nin my humble opinion, a prolific source of disease among", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 203\\nvisitors to Florida. By misrepresentations (to use a mild\\nterm) tourists and invalids have been led to believe that\\nthe entire water-supply is productive of disease, and as a\\nconsequence they refrain from drinking a sufficient quan-\\ntity of water, or dilute it with poor whisky or brandy, to\\ncounteract its bad effects. Interested parties have expa-\\ntiated so much with regard to the air being charged with\\nmalaria in winter, that invalids and patients become\\nalarmed, and as a sequence they daily swallow quinine, and\\nthereby produce nervous or functional derangements. They\\nkeep the pure air out of their rooms, breathe an air con-\\ntaminated with their own breaths and exhalations, and at\\nnight assemble in halls and parlors and inhale vitiated air\\npoisoned by their own breaths, and the elements resulting\\nfrom the combustion of coal-gas and kerosene. They in-\\nhale, for hours at a time, air charged with carbonic acid,\\nand shun the pure night air as they would the emanations\\nof the deadly upas-tree. Visitors act imprudently, and as\\na consequence suffer from nervous derangements, colds,\\nand diarrhoeas, which they attribute to malaria or the cli-\\nmate. The cause of slight indispositions affecting visitors,\\nis not malaria, but indulgence at table, change of drinking-\\nwater, eating excessive quantities of fruit, or the inhalation\\nof air poisoned by human breaths, or the resultants of the\\ncombustion of coal-gas and kerosene, and a deficiency of\\nthe pure air that a beneficent Creator has placed every-\\nwhere within their reach. If visitors would let quinine and\\narsenical pills alone, control their appetites, eat moderately,\\ninhale plenty of the salubrious air of the State, and not\\nswelter in heated halls, parlors, and unventilated bedrooms,\\nwe should hear less of the bugbear malaria. At various\\ntimes since 1844, I have navigated the larger streams of\\nthis State, visited the Everglades and Lake Okechobee, and\\nalmost every bay, inlet, and river, from Cape Sable to the\\nSuwanee River, and for over two months at a time slept in\\nan open boat, with nothing but a simple awning stretched\\nover the boat s boom, and in no instance did my compan-\\nions or self suffer from malaria or a chill. Before I became\\na resident of the State, my companions and self were unac-\\ncli mated, and in no instance were we so foolish as to swal-\\nlow quinine, arsenic, or alcoholic liquors as antidotes to ma-\\nlaria or chills. I speak from personal observation, experi-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "204 FLORIDA.\\nence, and extended inquiry in various portions of the State,\\nand I unhesitatingly assert that the opinion entertained\\nwith regard to the prevalence of malaria during the cold\\nmonths in Florida is unfounded.\\nFrom my observations from Canada to the Gulf of\\nMexico, I am convinced that febrile diseases assume a mild-\\ner form, and are more easily cured, in Florida than in States\\nto the north of it. I shall no doubt be met with the reply,\\nLook at the waxy complexions and gaunt forms of many\\nFloridians, met with at some of the landings and depots.\\nI admit the mild impeachment, and can attribute their ca-\\nchectic condition to bad water, insufficient clothing, unsuit-\\nable and uncomfortable habitations, and the improper food\\nthey eat from childhood to the grave. In any other State\\nbut Florida, they would be the victims of enlarged spleens,\\ncardiac dilatation, chronic gastritis, tuberculosis, dropsical\\neffusions, or albuminuria. But contrast the natives referred\\nto with those who have comfortable homes, sufficient cloth-\\ning, and who drink pure water and use good and nutritious\\nfood or with Northern and Western people who have been\\nin the State for years, and the latter will be found to be\\npictures of health. I admit that in Florida, as everywhere\\nelse, there are insalubrious localities, but they should be\\navoided by strangers. But, to avoid them, interested par-\\nties should not listen to the senseless twaddle of irrespon-\\nsible hotel-keepers, hotel, steamboat, and railroad runners,\\nor strangers suffering from a severe attack of aerophobia.\\nA majority of the cases of illness occurring among visitors\\nin this State, are referable to indulgence at table, drinking\\nimpure water, the inhalation of impure air, the American\\nweakness of rushing hither and thither, occupation of un-\\nventilated rooms, and a ridiculous system of senseless drug-\\nging indulged in by strangers, as a consequence of the ad-\\nvice given by physicians who are ignorant of the climate\\nand its diseases.\\nConsidering climatic factors, as a result of experience,\\nobservation, investigation, and study, we are convinced that\\nFlorida presents more attractions and advantages as a win-\\nter resort for invalids than any State in the Union. The\\ntemperature is favorable, the mean relative humidity is pe-\\nculiarly adapted to the treatment of all forms of pulmonary\\ndisease, the air is salubrious, and in a large portion of the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND HEALTH. 205\\nState dry and bracing atmospheric changes are infrequent,\\nand not so great as in other sections east of the Rocky\\nMountains. Rains are infrequent, and sunshine and fine\\nweather the rule. The State possesses insular, interior, dry,\\nand moist localities, semi-tropical and cooler sections and\\nif the nature of any given case should necessitate a change\\nof base, a suitable climate can be reached in a few hours\\nand at a trifling expense.\\nFor fear of being accused of painting Florida in too\\nbright colors, we shall use the language of others\\nDr. Charles A. Lee, the learned editor of Copeland s\\nMedical Dictionary, remarks Proceeding south from\\nCanada to Florida, the seasons become more uniform in\\nproportion as their annual temperature increases, and they\\nglide imperceptibly into each other, exhibiting no great\\nextremes. Com.pared with the other regions of the United\\nStates, the Peninsula of Florida has a climate wholly pecul-\\niar. The climate is so exceedingly mild and uniform, that\\nbesides the vegetable productions of the Northern States\\ngenerally, many of a tropical character are produced. We\\nhave already spoken of the mildness of the climate of this\\nregion it appears to possess an insular temperature not\\nless equable and salubrious in winter than that afforded by\\nthe south of Europe, and is, therefore, well adapted to\\nthose forms of pulmonary disease, as bronchitis and incipi-\\nent phthisis, as are benefited by a mild climate. Mildness\\nand iiniformity are the two distinguishing characteristics\\nof the Florida Peninsula. If we compare the climate of\\nEast Florida with the most favored situations on the Con-\\ntinent of Europe, and the islands held in the highest esti-\\nmation for mildness and equability of temperature, in re-\\ngard to the mean temperature of winter and summer, that\\nof the w^armest and coldest months, and that of successive\\nseasons, we shall find the results generally in favor of the\\nformer. After citing the mean difference of successive\\nmonths and annual range of a number of climatic resorts in\\ncomparison with stations in Florida, he remarks Thus it\\nis easily demonstrated that invalids requiring a mild winter\\nresidence have gone to foreign lands in search of what\\nmight be found at home an evergreen land, in which wild\\nflowers never cease to unfold their petals.\\nIn discussing the most suitable climates for invalids.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "206 FLORIDA.\\nDr. Wilson, late Medical Inspector of Camps and Hospitals,\\nUnited States Army, remarks Neither upon the south-\\nern coast of France, nor anywhere under the bright Italian\\nskies, can a winter climate be found so equable and so ge-\\nnial to the delicate nerves of most invalids as can be en-\\njoyed in our sanitary stations, in Florida.\\nDr. H. A. Johnson, of Chicago, states I had about\\nfifty patients last winter in Florida and Georgia, and they\\ncame back better. Even those in whose lungs cavities ex-\\nisted, were better than they would have been had they\\nstaid in Illinois. I will, therefore, advise patients in the\\nlatter stages of consumption to go to Florida.\\nTo this cumulation of evidence and facts it would seem\\nthat nothing more need be added but the following sug-\\ngestions, by Dr. D. H. Jacques, of Fernandina, are inserted\\nbecause of their great practical value to invalids, and to all\\nthose who visit Florida primarily from considerations of\\nhealth\\nThe error into which invalids generally fall lies in sup-\\nposing that the benefit to the health to be looked for in the\\nSouth, and especially in Florida, comes directly from the\\nwarmth. Now, while the warmth is, in itself, a great\\nbenefit to a large class of invalids, it is not necessary to\\ncome South for that alone, when it can be got at home by\\nartificial means. There are two things, however, which the\\ninvalid can not get at the North in winter at least not in\\ntheir fullness in connection with the artificial warmth sug-\\ngested, resA air and sunshine. These are the things to\\ncome South for, and coming for these there will be no dis-\\nappointment. The fresh air you will get every hour of the\\nday and night. You can not shut it out if you would. As\\nfor the sunshine, one bathes in it, breathes it, drinks it in at\\nevery pore, till it permeates the whole system and there\\nis no medicine like it. It is the invalid s own fault if he\\ndoes not get enough of it and to what end is the South\\nsunny if one will shut himself up in a darkened room?\\nAn open-air life is easy and pleasant here, the year round.\\nThe invalid should, according to his strength, take daily\\nexercise in the open air. Horseback-riding (and Southern", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "CLIMATE AND EEALTH. 207\\nsaddle-horses are excellent), walking, boating, hunting, and\\nfishing offer, in Florida particularly, diversified recreation,\\nand the evergreen forests of live-oak and magnolia, or of\\nthe majestic long-leaved pine, furnish attractive meandering\\nroads and bridle-paths. Our gardens, too, if properly kept,\\nare always attractive, and there is no day in the year in\\nwhich some flower may not be gathered. That must be a\\nlazy person indeed, who, having the strength to get out,\\nwill shut himself up in the house in such a charming cli-\\nmate and if one, by reason of weakness, can not take the\\nexercise recommended, let him at least bask in the glorious\\nlight of the Southern skies, which floods the broad veranda\\nof every Southern house and penetrates even the most\\nshaded garden- walk.\\nAnother mistake very generally made by invalids who\\nspend the winter in the South is in returning to the North\\ntoo early in the spring. When the weather begins to get\\npretty warm here, and they see the peas in bloom in the\\ngarden, and the Irish potatoes up and growing, they get\\nimpatient to be at home but at home the peas are still in\\nthe seed-box, and the potatoes are safe only in the cellar.\\nThe cold winds and rains, or the snow and sleet, of a I^orth-\\nern March are terribly trying to one who has spent the\\nwinter in a warm climate, and even April is often far too\\nchilly for the invalid s health and comfort.\\nWith those who are afflicted with diseases of the lungs\\nand bronchial tubes, or are strongly predisposed to consump-\\ntion, the best and only safe way is to come here to stay\\nand they must not wait too long before making up their\\nminds and putting their good resolutions into practice. De-\\nlays are generally dangerous. In all cases like these they\\nare fatal.\\nBut the summers are so hot, and malarial fevers so\\nprevalent and dangerous, the reader may say. The re-\\nmark suggests another point. Here are two more popular\\nerrors, and they are the complements of those noted in\\nanother part of this article. The winter climate is supposed\\nto be uniformly warm and delightful, and to possess some\\nmysterious, hidden healing virtue. Neither of these as-\\nsumptions is correct. There are always brief periods in\\nwinter, even in Florida, in which the weather is anything\\nbut lovely, and, as for the mysterious hygienic influences", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "208 FLORIDA.\\nprevailing here, they are, after all, merely pure air and\\nbright sunshine. The supposed extreme heat and unhealth-\\nfulness of the summer are equally imaginary. Our sum-\\nmers, particularly in Florida, are long and warm, but in-\\nstead of being less comfortable and pleasant than those of\\nthe North, they are more so, and in the main fully as de-\\nlightful as the winters. The thermometer often marks a\\nhigher temperature in New York or Boston than in Fernan-\\ndina or Jacksonville, and its variations are much greater there\\nthan here. Our nights, even in midsummer, are invariably\\ncool. We never swelter in our bedchambers, through the\\nlong dark hours, but sleep sweetly under our blankets, with\\nthe cool, fresh air circulating all around us.\\nWe have chills and fever during the summer and au-\\ntumn in many localities, on the borders of some of our\\nrivers, creeks, and swamps, and sometimes bilious remittent\\nfevers. They prevail in similar situations at the North and\\nWest, and are there of a severer type. We do not advise\\nthe invalid to make a permanent home in these malarious\\nlocalities and, with these exceptions, the South generally is\\nas salubrious in summer as in winter, and as much so, to say\\nthe least, as any Northern region. Florida affords localities\\nwithout number perfectly free from fevers and all other\\ndiseases of local origin. These are found on her numerous\\nsea-islands and along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, as well\\nas on the more elevated and naturally drained pine-lands of\\nthe interior.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIII.\\nRETEOSPECTIVE AN HISTORICAL SKETCH.\\nThe discovery of Florida carries us back almost to the\\nmiddle ages, and its first permanent settlement antedates\\nthat of Jamestown by forty-two years and that of Plym-\\nouth by fifty-five 5/ ears. No other portion of the North\\nAmerican Continent has had so long and so varied a his-\\ntory and for this reason it will be impossible for me to do\\nmore here than give a rapid outline or summary of the\\nprincipal events.*\\nAccording;: to some authorities, Sebastian Cabot visited\\nthe coast of Florida in 1497, only five years after the dis-\\ncovery of America by Columbus but this is very doubt-\\nful, and the received opinion among geographers is that\\nCape Hatteras was the southern limit of Cabot s voyage.\\nThe actual discovery of Florida is generally credited to\\nPonce de Leon, who, after subjugating the Island of Porto\\nRico, set out in search of a certain Fountain of Youth\\nwhich was at first said to be located on the Island of Bi-\\nmini, and then, not being found there, on another island\\nfarther away to the northwest. He left Porto Rico early\\nin 1512, and on the 27th of March reached the coast of\\nFlorida at a point a little north of the present site of St.\\nAugustine. It was Easter-Sunday (called Pascua Florida\\nin Spanish) when he made land, and partly on this account,\\nIt need hardly be said that the chief authority for this chapter is the\\nexcellent History of Florida by George E. Fairbanks, published by the\\nLippincotts, of Philadelphia.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "210 FLORIDA.\\npartly because of the green and flowery appearance of the\\ncountry, he gave it the name of Florida, and took posses-\\nsion of it in the name of their Catholic Majesties of Spain.\\nAbout two months were spent by Ponce de Leon in visit-\\ning different portions of the shores of what he supposed to\\nbe an island, and in exploration of the interior but he\\nfound neither the Fountain of Youth nor any indications\\nof the exj)ected riches and finally, discouraged by his ill\\nsuccess and by the fierce hostility of the natives, he aban-\\ndoned the quest and returned to Porto Rico, where, in\\norder to magnify his discovery, he made a flattering report\\nof its beauty and richness, and obtained the title and privi-\\nleges of Adelantado of Florida, on condition that he should\\nconquer and colonize the land.\\nFollowing in the track of Ponce de Leon, a pilot named\\nDiego Miruelo visited Florida in 1516, and, having obtained\\nsome pieces of gold from the natives, spread glowing ac-\\ncounts of the country among his comrades in Cuba. In\\n1517 Fernandez de Cordova landed upon the coast, but was\\nso vigorously attacked by a large body of natives that,\\nafter losing a number of his men, he returned to Cuba to\\ndie of his own wounds. Shortly afterward one Alaminos,\\nwho had accompanied the previous expedition, made a de-\\nscent with three ships, but was beaten off by the vigilant\\nnatives in two attempts to land. These disastrous experi-\\nences appear to have dampened for several years the ardor\\nof the Spanish adventurers, but in 1520 a rich oflicial named\\nDe Ayllon, wishing to capture slaves from among the Ind-\\nians, landed at a point now in South Carolina but then in-\\ncluded in the limits of Florida, and having inveigled a\\nhundred and thirty of the natives on board his ships, set\\nsail with them for Hispaniola, and thus won for the Span-\\niards the implacable hatred of all the Floridian tribes. In\\nthe following year (1521) Ponce de Leon, aroused by the\\nexploits of Cortes in Mexico, set out to conquer a new em-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "AJSr HISTORICAL SKETCH. 211\\npire in Florida but he greatly underestimated the power\\nof the natives, who killed large numbers of his followers,\\ndrove the rest to their ships, and gave Ponce de Leon him-\\nself a wound of which he died shortly afterward in Cuba.\\nThree years later (1524), De Ayllon made another slave-\\nhunting expedition to Chicora, but this time the natives\\nbeat him at his own game, and having lured his j)arty into\\nan ambuscade, massacred two hundred of them and com-\\npelled the rest to seek safety in flight.\\nFor several years after these untoward events the atten-\\ntion of Spanish adventurers was absorbed by the splendid\\nachievements of Cortes but in 1528 Pamfilo de Narvaez,\\ncommissioned to conquer and govern the country, set out\\nfrom Spain with a great expedition of nearly five hundred\\nmen-at-arms and landed a little north of Avhat is now known\\nas Tampa Bay. Aiming at once to explore the interior\\nand to find the stores of precious metals which he was con-\\nvinced existed somewhere, he left the ships and set out\\nwith three hundred men but the natives were relentlessly\\nhostile, the long-sought gold was never found, provisions\\nwere wholly unobtainable, and after weary wanderings and\\nunspeakable sufferings the expedition perished almost to a\\nman, Narvaez himself having been blown to sea during the\\nnight in a boat in which he was sleeping. The chief result\\nof this expedition was the narrative of Cabe9a da Vaca,\\nwho with three other survivors (all who escaped) became\\nfamous medicine-men among the Indians, and after\\nseven years made their way westward by land to their\\ncountrymen in Mexico. They were the first Europeans\\nwhose eyes ever beheld the Mississippi River, and Mr.\\nFairbanks points out that the credit of this great discovery\\nshould be given to Da Yaca rather than to De Soto.\\nAfter the ill-fated expedition of Narvaez, Florida en-\\njoyed eleven years of quiet, and then came that expedition\\nof Hernando de Soto which is one of the most famous in", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "212 FLORIDA.\\nthe early annals of America. Fresh from the laurels which\\nhe had acquired under Pizariio, and laden with his share of\\nthe plunder of the Incas, De Soto easily obtained a com-\\nmission to conquer and govern Florida, and with equal ease\\nsecured a numerous company to aid him in the enterprise.\\nOn the 25th of May, 1539, his fleet entered a bay which he\\nnamed Espiritu Santo (now Tampa Bay), and disembarked\\none thousand men-at-arms and three hundred and fifty\\nhorses. Fired by stories which the wily natives here told\\nhim of the rich cities and a great store of christal, gold,\\nand rubies, and diamonds that lay to the northward, De\\nSoto sent his vessels back, and started boldly forth with his\\nfollowers upon those painful wanderings which ended only\\nwhen half a continent had been traversed, and his worn-out\\nbody had been anchored to its final resting-place beneath\\nthe turbid waters of the Mississippi. The story of those\\nwanderings is one of the most romantic in history or fiction,\\nbut it has been so often told as to need no newer version,\\nand limitation of space would prevent anything like justice\\nbeing done to it here. Hither and thither through that\\nvast territory which borders the Gulf of Mexico, but always\\nbearing westward, the ever-dwindling array accompanied\\nits indomitable leader during three long and weary years,\\nand then, leaving him in his watery grave, the remainder\\ncoasted the Gulf in improvised boats, and finally reached\\nthe Spanish settlements in Mexico only three hundred\\nand eleven persons surviving of the thousand who four\\nyears before had landed at the harbor of Esj^iritu Santo.\\nReligious zeal originated the next attempts to effect a\\nlodgment in Florida. In 1549 four Franciscan friars landed\\nat Espiritu Santo Bay, and tried to penetrate the country\\nbut three of them were incontinently slain by the natives,\\nand the other one abandoned in discouragement the attempt\\nto Christianize unbelievers who backed up their heresy with\\nthe hatchet. Ten years later, in 1559, Don Tristan de", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "AN HIST OEI GAL SEE TOIL 213\\nLuna sailed from Yera Cruz with a great expedition com-\\nprising fifteen hundred soldiers, and a large number of\\nfriars burning with zeal for the conversion of the Indians,\\nand landed at the Bay of Pensacola (then called Santa\\nMaria Bay). Almost at the outset a great storm wrecked\\nthe entire fleet and destroyed a large part of the 23rovisions\\nbut De Luna sent back for more, marched into the interior,\\nencountered the usual opposition from the natives, lost hun-\\ndreds of his men by disease, hunger, and fatigue, quarreled\\nbitterly with his subordinate officers, returned discouraged\\nto the Bay of Santa Maria, and was finally ordered home\\nby the Viceroy of Mexico, under whose auspices the expe-\\ndition had been undertaken.\\nThis abortive enterprise of De Luna s is noteworthy as\\nthe last of the Spanish exploring expeditious that visited\\nFlorida. Tv/o years after its disastrous end a party of\\nFrench Huguenots under Jean Ribault came over, and after\\nmaking land near St. Augustine, coasted northward, en-\\ntered the St. John s River (which they named the May),\\nand established a short-lived colony at what is now Port\\nRoyal. In 1564 a larger party of Huguenots under Rene\\nde Laudouniere landed at the present site of St. Augustine,\\nhad a friendly interview with the Indians, and then pro-\\nceeded northward to the St. John s, where they built Fort\\nCaroline on what is now St. John s Bluff. As was usually\\nthe case with the French colonists in America, the Hugue-\\nnots succeeded in establishing amicable relations with the\\nIndians but Laudouniere s men were soldiers rather than\\nworkmen; they were not prudent in the management of\\ntheir supplies, and in 1565 they would have been compelled\\nto abandon their undertaking but for the timely arrival of\\nan English fleet under Sir John Hawkins, who not only\\ngenerously supplied their more pressing wants but sold them\\na small vessel, and a good store of powder and ball. Even\\nthis timely aid, however, did not dissuade the colonists", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "214 FLORIDA.\\nfrom their fixed determination to return to France but on\\nthe very day fixed for their departure (August 28, 1565) an\\nexpedition that had been sent out under Ribault for their\\nrelief arrived in the St. John s with five hundred men,\\nbesides some families of artisans.\\nIn the mean time, stirred to fresh endeavor by what\\nthey regarded as the intrusion of the French, the Spaniards\\nhad determined to make one more effort to secure the pos-\\nsessions that had already cost them so dear and a great\\nexpedition under the command of Menendez, a naval ofiicer\\nof considerable distinction, set sail from Cadiz on the 1st\\nof July, 1565. This expedition comprised in all about\\ntwenty-six hundred persons, and about two thirds of\\nthem reached the coast of Florida, a little south of St. Au-\\ngustine, on the 28th of August, the same day that Ribault s\\nfleet came to anchor off the mouth of the St. John s.\\nLearning from the Indians of the presence of the French,\\nMenendez coasted northward, and on the 4th of September\\ncame in sight of Ribault s vessels, which immediately put\\nto sea and escaj^ed their assailants. After a fruitless chase\\nof the flying enemy, Menendez returned to St. Augustine\\n(which he named in honor of the day of his arrival upon\\nthe coast), disembarked his forces, and commenced fortify-\\ning. These proceedings being reported to Ribault, the lat-\\nter gathered all his available force, including most of the\\ngarrison of Fort Caroline, and set sail on September 10th\\nwith the idea of attacking Menendez before he could com-\\nplete his defenses but a terrible tempest overtook him,\\ndrove his vessels far down the coast, and wrecked them\\nbetween Mantanzas and Mosquito Inlet.\\nSuspecting that the French fleet had put to sea, and\\nthat even if it had escaped shipwreck several days must\\nelapse before it could make harbor again, Menendez deter-\\nmined to attack Fort Caroline, and on September 17th set\\nout overland at the head of five hundred men. His success", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "AJSr HISTORICAL SKETCH. 215\\nwas only too complete. The French were taken by surprise,\\nand almost without resistance the Spaniards rushed into the\\nfort and began an indiscriminate massacre which, for a\\ntime, spared not even women and children. Only seventy\\npersons in all escaped, and some of the prisoners were hung\\nupon the neighboring trees with the cynical inscription\\nover them, ISTot as Frenchmen, but as Lutherans.\\nHaving repaired and strengthened the fort (which he\\nnamed San Mateo), and garrisoned it with three hundred\\nmen, Menendez returned in triumph to St. Augustine, and\\nthere learned of the unfortunate position of the shipwrecked\\nRibault. Proceeding to Mantanzas Inlet with a party of his\\nmen, he compelled the French to surrender, partly by prom-\\nises and partly by threats, and then when they were help-\\nlessly at his mercy had them cruelly massacred to a man,\\nnot even sparing the gallant Ribault. The atrocitjrof the\\ndeed, says Mr. Fairbanks, struck all Europe with horror,\\neven in that day and the shocking story has been perpet-\\nuated over three hundred years, giving the name of Me-\\nnendez a stain of infamy which time can not wipe out.\\nThus ended in one of the bloodiest tragedies of history\\nthe efforts of the French to establish a colony on the south-\\nern coast of America, and for many years the Spaniards\\nwere left in undisputed possession of their territory. Not\\nquite undisturbed, however, for they soon quarreled with\\nthe natives, and found the latter very different antagonists\\nfrom those more effeminate races whom their countrymen\\nhad encountered in Mexico and Peru. Even at this early\\ndate the Florida Indians exhibited the hardy and obstinate\\ncourage which distinguished them at a later period, and\\nthey kept the soldiers of Menendez everywhere close shut\\nup in their forts. Harassed by these troubles and by dis-\\naffection among his own men, Menendez exhibited an in-\\ndomitable perseverance, and, besides gradually enlarging\\nand strengthening St. Augustine, established other posts at\\n10", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "216 FLORIDA.\\nvarious points, sent out several exploring parties, and se-\\ncured a foothold in Florida which was never afterward lost.\\nFinally, in the spring of 1567, believing that the interests\\nof the settlements would be advanced by his going to Spain,\\nhe set sail in a small vessel of twenty tons burden which he\\nhad caused to be built.\\nDuring^ his absence occurred one of the most notable of\\nall known instances of that law of retributive justice which\\nis said to operate in human affairs. The leaders of the\\nFrench nation had exhibited a singular indifference to the\\nsad fate of Ribault and his comrades, and the event ap-\\npeared to have been forgotten if not forgiven but in the\\nbreast of an obscure captain named Dominic de Gourgues\\nan insatiable thirst for revenge was aroused, and he devoted\\nhimself to its gratification. Supplementing his own re-\\nsources by borrowing money from his friends, he procured\\nthree small vessels, enlisted one hundred and eighty-four\\nmen, and set sail on the 22d of August, 1567. Good for-\\ntune appeared to wait upon his enterprise in its every stage.\\nHe secured the hearty cooperation of the Indians, complete-\\nly surprised Fort San Mateo, and captured it with even\\ngreater ease than Menendez had captured its predecessor.\\nFort Caroline. Most of the garrison fell under the swords\\nof the Frenchmen or the clubs of the Indians and the\\nprisoners, being led to the spot where Menendez had caused\\nthe Huguenots to be hung in 1565, were suspended beneath\\nan inscri^otion which De Gourgues had caused to be burned\\nwith a red-hot iron upon a tablet of pine I do this, not\\nas unto Spaniards, nor as to outcasts, but as to traitors,\\nthieves, and murderers\\nFor a period of about a hundred years after this dra-\\nmatic achievement, the history of Florida offers scarcely a\\nsingle event over which the chronicler finds it worth while\\nto linger. Menendez returned to his colony in the spring\\nof 1568 and reestablished the confidence that had been im-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "AN HISTORICAL SKETCH. 217\\npaired by De Gourgues s inroad but he soon tired of his\\nprofitless position, and going again to Spain he was in 1574\\nappointed captain-general of the Spanish fieet. Little prog-\\nress was made in the settlement of the country, and the\\nimportance of Florida greatly diminished in the public esti-\\nmation. In 1586 Sir Francis Drake, returning from a free-\\nbooting expedition in the Spanish Main, captured and\\nburned St. Augustine but it was speedily reoccupied and\\nrebuilt, though its growth was so slow that as late as 1647\\nit only contained three hundred families. In 1665 a noted\\nbuccaneer captain named John Davis made a descent on\\nSt. Augustine with seven small vessels, and again pillaged\\nand burned the unfortunate town.\\nToward the end of the seventeenth century began those\\nhostile demonstrations between the Spanish colonists in\\nFlorida and the adjacent English colonists in South Caro-\\nlina and Georgia which furnish one of the most dismal\\nchapters in American history. According to the claim of\\nSpain, Florida embraced the entire territory as far north as\\nVirginia, and westward to the Mississippi. When, there-\\nfore, the English began to settle in the Carolinas the Span-\\niards looked upon it as an unwarrantable intrusion, and,\\nmoreover, believed that these settlers aided and abetted the\\npirates who preyed upon Spanish commerce in all these\\nseas. The ill feeling gradually deepened until, in the year\\n1676, the Spaniards sent an expedition to attack the settle-\\nments on the Ashley River, which, however, returned with-\\nout having accomplished anything. Two years later anoth-\\ner expedition was sent which inflicted great damage upon\\nthe infant settlements and perpetrated atrocities that aroused\\nthe bitterest indignation. For a time, however, the Caro-\\nlinians were too feeble to retaliate, and the Spaniards took\\nadvantage of the lull to begin colonizing the western coast\\nof Florida. In 1696 a fort was built and a settlement estab-\\nlished at Pensacola, and a little later St. Mark s was founded.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "218 FLORIDA.\\nBut by tHs time the Englisli colonists had become con-\\nscious of increased strength, and the ambitious Moore hav-\\ning succeeded the cautious Archdale in the government of\\nCarolina, advantage was taken of a rupture between Eng-\\nland and Spain, and in 1702 a sea and land expedition was\\norganized whose object was nothing less than the complete\\nconquest of Florida. After capturing and burning St. Au-\\ngustine, Governor Moore failed to capture the fort, and\\nwas compelled to retreat without achieving any of the ob-\\njects with which he had set out. His abortive expedition\\ncost the colony of Carolina six thousand pounds, and led to\\nthe issue of the first paper money ever circulated in Amer-\\nica. The Indians were now introduced into the conflict on\\nboth sides, the Florida tribes making an unsuccessful incur-\\nsion into Carolina in 1702, while in the following year, with\\nthe aid of the Creeks, Governor Moore attacked and almost\\ndestroyed the Indian towns under Spanish protection in\\nwhat is now known as Middle Florida.\\nFrom this time on a state of aifairs prevailed something\\nlike that which used to exist on the Scottish border forays\\nand counter-forays occurring at brief intervals, and the hos-\\ntilities on both sides being carried on with all the atrocities\\nof savage warfare. The year 1706 saw a joint French-\\nSpanish descent on Carolina which was thwarted by the\\nskill of the Governor of the latter province in 1708 the\\nCarolinians made a devastating raid through all Northern\\nFlorida in the year 1714 there was a general outbreak of\\nthe Indian tribes in Carolina, which was said to have been\\ninstigated by Spanish emissaries and when driven out of\\nCarolina several powerful tribes of these Indians took ref-\\nuge in Florida, whence they maintained a constant and har-\\nassing warfare upon the Carolina settlements.\\nIn the mean time hostilities had begun between the\\nSpanish colonists in West Florida and the French colo-\\nnists, in what was then called Louisiana. In 1718 the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "AN EISTORICAL SKETCH. 219\\nFrench capture the Spanish fort at Pensacola the Spaniards\\nstraightway retake it the French capture it again in the\\nfollowing year, and, thinking to put an end to the matter,\\ndestroy the fort and bum the town. Nothing daunted, the\\nSpaniards begin another settlement on Santa Rosa Island in\\n1722, and a few years later rebuild Pensacola.\\nAdded to the other sources of ill feeling between the\\nSpanish and English colonists, was the fact that the former\\nafforded a refuge and protection to the fugitive slaves of\\nthe latter. This had been a fruitful cause of complaint\\nfrom the beginning, and soon a further grievance was\\nfound in the fact that absconding debtors and other crimi-\\nnals found a convenient asylum in Florida. In 1725 an\\nunsuccessful attempt was made to settle these difficulties\\namicably and in 1727 Colonel Palmer, with a body of\\nthree hundred militia and some friendly Indians, carried\\nfire and sword over the entire province up to the very gates\\nof St. Augustine.\\nThe settlement of the new colony of Georgia by Gen-\\neral Oglethorpe in 1732 was resented by the Spaniards as\\na further encroachment upon their temtory, but, as it in-\\ncreased very materially the strength of the English colo-\\nnists, the latter were not likely to yield to remonstrances.\\nContinual bickerings ensued, negotiations between Eng-\\nland and Spain led to no result, and finally, in 1740, Ogle-\\nthorpe gathered a force of regulars and militia, marched to\\nSt. Augustine, and, after bombarding the fort uselessly, re-\\nturned to his own province. I^ow came the turn of the\\nSpanish Governor, Monteano so, gathering a force of\\nsome three thousand men and thirty-six vessels, he set out\\nfrom St. Augustine with the determination to strike a\\ndecisive blow at the new English colony. At first he was\\nsuccessful, but before he had done much damage he was\\nbaffled by a neat stratagem on the part of Oglethorpe, and\\nretreated in deep chagrin. The next year (1743) Ogle-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "220 FLORIDA.\\nthorpe again invaded Florida, and offered battle under the\\nvery walls of St. Augustine, but, having no ordnance, and\\nthe Spanish refusing to fight in the open, he was compelled\\nto retire without accomplishing anything. Fortunately, in\\n1748 a treaty of peace between England and Spain caused\\na suspension of these chronic hostilities between the rival\\ncolonies. Upon the renewal of the war in 1762, Havana\\nfell into the hands of the English and as Spain wanted\\nCuba and England wanted Florida, an exchange was ef-\\nfected by which on the 10th of February, 1763, the prov-\\ninces of East and West Florida passed into the possession\\nof the British crown.\\nUnder British rule Florida enjoyed a period of peace\\nand growth and prosperity such as it had never before\\nknown. At the time of the cession, the Spaniards had held\\nthe country for upward of two hundred and fifty years, yet\\nthe interior was still almost wholly unexplored, the settle-\\nments were little more than forts, and the entire population\\namounted to only six or seven thousand, of whom many\\nleft the country on the change of flags. The first English\\nGovernor (General James Grant) took immediate steps to\\npromote the settlement of the province and to develop its\\nresources, and his efforts were cordially seconded by the\\npublic-spirited gentlemen who had been induced to settle\\nthere. Roads were laid out, bounties were offered for\\nindigo and other productions, immigration was encouraged\\nin every possible way, and peace was made with the Ind-\\nians. Sir William Duncan and Dr. Turnbull brought out\\nfifteen hundred Greeks and Minorcans and settled them at\\nNew Smyrna and, though the enterprise ended disas-\\ntrously, it had a good effect in calling attention to the\\nindustrial opportunities afforded by the country.\\nIn the War of the Revolution Florida took no part, but\\nit afforded an asylum for many thousand loyalists from\\nCarolina and Georgia, and the British used it as the base", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "AR EI8T0EICAL SKETCH. 221\\nfor their operations against Savannah. Upon the breaking\\nout of hostilities between England and Spain in 1779, De\\nGalvez, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana, captured Baton\\nRouge, which was then within the limits of West Florida,\\nand in 1781 attacked and captured Pensacola. At the\\nconclusion of the general peace in 1783, England, feeling\\nthat Florida thus isolated was no longer worth retaining,\\nexchanged it for the Bahama Islands, and the Spanish flag\\nonce more floated over the peninsula.\\nWith the passage of the country under foreign domina-\\ntion most of the English settlers abandoned their homes\\nand went to the States and a truly Spanish lethargy\\nsettled down over the land, broken only by Indian wars,\\nand by the occasional attempts of filibusters to get pos-\\nsession of the country and erect a republic. In 1795\\nSpain ceded to France all that portion of Florida lying\\nwest of the Perdido River and when, in 1803, Louisiana\\nwas sold to the United States, all this valuable territory\\npassed into the possession of the latter power. In 1812\\nFernandina was captured by a band of patriots whose\\nactions are thought to have been connived at by the United\\nStates Government and in 1814, the British having sent\\na fleet to Pensacola and manned the forts. General Jackson\\nstormed the tow^n and destroyed the fortifications. Again,\\nin 1818, General Jackson invaded Florida in order to chas-\\ntise the troublesome Seminole Indians and finally, by a\\ntreaty concluded on the 22d of February, 1819, and rati-\\nfied on the 19th of February, 1821, the Floridas were ceded\\nto the United States.\\nUpon the change of flags the administration of affairs\\ndevolved for a time upon the military authorities but on\\nMarch 3, 1822, Congress passed an act establishing the Ter-\\nritory of Florida, and the machinery of free representative\\ngovernment was soon in regular working order. Several\\ncounties were organized, the capital was located at the for-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "222 FLORIDA.\\nmer Indian settlement of Tallahassee, and immigration be-\\ngan to move in.\\nThe settling of the country would have proceeded much\\nmore rapidly but for the difficulties presented by the Ind^\\nians, who were in possession of the best lands, and extremely\\njealous of their rights. It Avas the desire of the whites that\\nthe Indians should be removed, like the Creeks, to some\\nreservation west of the Mississippi, and negotiations to this\\nend were begun in 1828. Several of the chiefs, including\\nOsceola, were bitterly opposed to such a change but the\\nmajority were willing at least to consider it, and a delega-\\ntion was appointed to visit and report upon the proposed\\nreservation. Owing to procrastination and delays, this del-\\negation did not set out upon their journey until September,\\n1832, and upon their return in March, 1833, their report\\nwas favorable. But in the mean time the opposition among\\nthe Indians had become more violent, and many of them re-\\nfused to accept the recommendation of the delegated chiefs.\\nThe United States authorities, holding that the Indians were\\nbound under the terms of the treaty to accept this recom-\\nmendation, determined to force them to do so and there-\\nupon began the longest, bloodiest, and costliest war that was\\never waged between whites and Indians in America.\\nThis war known in history as the Seminole War was\\ntoo complex in its operations and too varied in its vicissi-\\ntudes to be dealt with in detail here. An admirably clear\\nand minute account of it will be found in the closing chap-\\nters of Fairbanks s History of Florida, and with less space\\nthan is there devoted to it justice can not be done to the\\nsubject. Beginning with the appalling massacre of Major\\nDade s command on the 28th of December, 1835, the war\\nraged unceasingly until August, 1842. The Indians fought\\nwith amazing pertinacity and courage, and the result of the\\ncampaigns of 1835 and 1836 was decidedly in their favor.\\nAfter that they gradually lost ground but not until General", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "AN HISTORICAL SKETCH. 223\\nWorth took command in 1841, and inaugurated the policy\\nof pushing the campaign in summer as well as winter, and\\nof tracking them to their swamp fastnesses, was their spirit\\nquenched or the vigor of their resistance broken. When\\nthe deadly conflict at length ended, most of the Indians\\nwho had escaped death had been transported beyond the\\nMississippi, and only an insignificant remnant of the once\\npowerful Seminole tribe was left in a reservation at the\\nsouthern end of the peninsula, where their descendants still\\nsupport themselves frugally by hunting, fishing, and the\\nraising of cattle.\\nBut, though triumphant in the end, the United States\\nhad paid dearly for the victory. Six or seven generals had\\nbeen employed with varying degrees of ill fortune, the lives\\nof fourteen hundred and sixty-six regular soldiers, of whom\\ntwo hundred and fifteen were officers, had been lost, and the\\nexpenditures had amounted to upward of nineteen million\\ndollars, a vastly larger sum then than now. And worse than\\nall, perhaps, the growth of Florida had been set back fully a\\ngeneration. Plantations that dated from the earliest settle-\\nment of the country had been broken up, agricultural occu-\\npations had been almost completely suspended, hundreds of\\nfamilies had been either butchered or driven off, and immi-\\ngrants were deterred from venturing where the conditions\\nof life were so precarious. Of the many cruel misfortunes\\nto which Florida has been subjected, the Seminole War was\\nprobably the most disastrous in its effects.\\nFor the later history of Florida that which has oc-\\ncurred within our own remembrance we must content our-\\nselves with a few dates which may be useful for reference,\\nand for which the last edition of Appletons Cyclopaedia\\nis our authority.\\nFlorida was admitted into the Union as a State on the\\n3d of March, 1845. An ordinance of secession from the\\nUnion was passed on the 10th of January, 1861, by a con-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "224: FLORIDA.\\nvention wliicli had assembled on the 3d. On the 7th Fort\\nMarion, the arsenal at St. Augustine, and the Chattahoochee\\narsenal were seized by order of the State authorities and\\non the 12th, the navy-yards and forts at Pensacola were\\ntaken. Early in the following year (1862) Fernandina,\\nJacksonville, St. Augustine, and other places on the east\\ncoast, were retaken by the national forces, and held to the\\nclose of the war. Restrictions on commercial intercourse\\nwith Florida were removed by a proclamation of President\\nJohnson dated April 29, 1865, and on July 13th William\\nMarvin was appointed provisional Governor. On October\\n10th was held an election of delegates to a State Conven-\\ntion, which assembled in Tallahassee on the 25th, and on\\nthe 28th repealed the ordinance of secession. Subsequently\\na Legislature and State officers were elected, to whom the\\ncivil authority was transferred in January, 1866. Under\\nthe reconstruction measures of Congress in 1867 Florida\\nwas made a part of the Third Military District, of which\\nMajor-General Pope was appointed commander. A conven-\\ntion to reorganize the State government was authorized by\\nvote of the people in November, 1867. It assembled at\\nTallahassee on the 20th of January, 1868, and subsequently\\nframed a new Constitution, which was ratified by the people\\nin May. At the same election State officers and a Legislat-\\nure were chosen. The Legislature convened on June 1st,\\nand adopted the fourteenth amendment to the Federal\\nConstitution, in consequence of which Florida was recog-\\nnized as a State by the General Government. On July 4th\\nof that year the government was transferred to the State\\nauthorities.\\nThe growth of the population of Florida has been as\\nfollows in 1830, 34,730 in 1840, 54,477 in 1850, 87,445\\nin 1860, 140,424 in 1870, 187,748 in 1880, 271,864.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIV.\\nFLOEIDA FOLKS AND FAMILIES.\\nFloeida is rapidly becoming a Northern colony. The\\ntide of immigration to this State is large and steadily in-\\ncreasing, and is beyond doubt soon to assume immense pro-\\nportions, and the immigrants as a class are unusually intel-\\nligent people. N^early all of native American birth, the\\nforeign-born element is of insignilicant dimensions at this\\ndate.\\nGenerally described, they are people who read and con-\\ntinue to read and are well posted on the resources and ad-\\nvantages of the various sections of the United States, and\\nknow exactly what they desire. They come here with a\\nfixed purpose, that only requires a short period of local\\nobservation and examination of the precise soil and climate\\nfor their proposed special enterprise. It is no mining ex-\\ncitement attraction here, with visions of gold to be picked\\nup in lumps, but a healthy feeling of hope of a genial cli-\\nmate, and a slow but steadily increasing wealth made\\nfrom the soil. There is a total absence of the wild, anx-\\nious, eager class of excited, young, single men arrayed in\\nflannel shirts, broad felt hats, top-boots, armed with knives\\nand immense navy revolvers, their brains filled with vision-\\nary ideas of suddenly acquired wealth, that are so plentiful\\nin Western countries and mining regions.\\nThe immigrants to this section are the extreme oppo-\\nsite they are, as a class, middle-aged men, mostly with\\nfamilies, evidently of good average education, well dressed.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "226 FLORIDA,\\nof quiet, deliberate demeanor and a fixed purpose just the\\nclass that establish the very best of peaceable, healthy,\\nsound, safe, and in every way desirable communities. Such\\npeople seldom emigrate, and always improve themselves\\nand their community wherever they reside.\\nAll States and sections are represented in this stream of\\nimmigrants. There are colonies from Wisconsin, Michigan,\\nwestern New York, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Indiana,\\nand Ohio. The latter State appears to have the largest\\nrepresentation here they are largest in numbers, and more\\nof them are to be found occupying positions of trust, influ-\\nence, and general confidence, than of any other State. New\\nEngland as a region is largely represented quite a New\\nEngland winter garden and it is mainly New England\\nenergy, brains, and solid capital that are now developing the\\nState. Nearly all the railroads, steamboats, mills, facto-\\nries, and the like, are directly or indirectly the product of\\nNew England or New York brain-work and capital.\\nOne very noticeable feature of the population here is\\nthe small number of foreign-born people, especially of the\\nIrish race. I have met but about a dozen of the latter in\\nall parts of the State, and but one of them was of the regu-\\nlation typical son of the sod, having the pure brogue.\\nAll whom I met were occupying good positions, and ap-\\npeared to be in prosperous circumstances far better than\\nthe average of Irish people in the North. Germans are\\nalso few in actual numbers, but there are more of them\\nthan of any other class of foreign birth, probably more\\nthan of all other foreign-born combined and, as is the\\nrule with that excellent, industrious, thrifty, frugal, peace-\\nable race, they are all doing well, and generally own good\\nhomes, shops, stores, saloons, or gardens. The Swedes, of\\nwhom there is a colony in XJpsala, near Sanford, are a very\\nprosperous, industrious, healthy, and enterprising class, and\\nmake excellent colonists.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA FOLKS AND FAMILIES. 227\\nThere are many natives of Old England residing in all\\nportions of the State. Hale, hearty, thrifty, and industri-\\nous, their families and homes are pleasing evidences of\\nprosperity and the sound judgment typical of the solid Eng-\\nlish land-owner the vrorld over.\\nOf Chinese there are very few, though there ought to\\nbe many of them in Florida. I believe in the heathen\\nChinee his neatness, thrift, and excellent unobtrusive-\\nness, always quiet and orderly, are in every way commend-\\nable and everywhere I found the people favoring Chinese\\nimmigration in fact, a general desire to replace the colored\\nlabor with Chinese labor. Colored labor for the house,\\nfield, grove, or garden, while easy to control, is very far\\nfrom satisfactory. It is always uncertain, indolent, and\\nnegligent, unless closely and incessantly watched. As a\\nclass, the colored servants are given to falsehood and petty\\ntheft, are liable to leave you without a word of warning\\njust when badly needed, and are wasteful of your stores\\nand provender. There are exceptions, but such are few,\\nand can not be relied on their only praiseworthy quality\\nis their easy good-nature. The silent, neat, careful, polite\\nChinese are far preferable.\\nThe least desirable of American immigrants are, as a\\nclass, from Alabawma. They are the real and ideal\\ncracker, mostly very poor, ignorant, shiftless, improvi-\\ndent, conceited, and lazy and they are about the only class\\nof immigrants to Florida that are useless. They are to this\\nState what the low class of Europeans are to the Northern\\nStates a damage and a hindrance. There are excellent\\npeople in Alabama, and some very worthy families come\\nhere from there, but the lower class of them as a rule are\\nnot very beneficial to any State. The best immigrants from\\nthe Southern States are from Georgia in fact, the average\\nGeorgian is a shrewd, thrifty, sober, industrious individual\\na regular Southern Yankee. They are good citizens if at", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "228\\nFLORIDA.\\nall educated, and are nearly always on tlie side of law, order,\\nand progress.\\nThe native Florida crackers are few in numbers, and\\nare rapidly becoming fewer. They have but little influence\\nin the affairs of the counties or in the several communities\\nbut, singularly enough, they have a preponderance in the\\nA CouNTEY Cart.\\nState Legislature, owing to the manner in which the repre-\\nsentatives are chosen, and their influence there is not very\\nbeneficial, to say the least. Time and immigration, how-\\never, will change all this condition of things. The best class\\nof these crackers are the cattle-herders, a tough, rough,\\nand dare-devil, good-natured crowd, to be sure, but active,\\nand more wide-awake than that class generally are, especial-\\nly those found near the settlements.\\nIn the northern counties dwell the old-time aristocracy\\nof the State, the class who were the intelligent, fashionable\\nsociety of the South. They are, however, few in numbers\\nat present, are exclusive and proud, and yet at heart are\\nvery worthy, kind-hearted, and truly good people. Their", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA FOLKS ARD FAMILIES. 229\\nonly fault is that they were born, reared, and trained under\\nabsolutely different social conditions from those which now\\nobtain, and they can not learn to fully accustom themselves\\nto their new life and surroundings. They mean well, and\\ndeserve respectful sympathy. They can not learn the Chi-\\ncago-New England spirit of progression, and it is useless to\\nexpect it of them that is, of that generation now passing\\nits latter day of prime. It is to be hoped that the gen-\\neration now growing into manhood may better understand,\\nand be more disposed to take, an active part in the mani-\\nfest destiny of the State. It must realize that in Florida,\\nas elsewhere, the old order of things passes away, giving\\nplace to the new.\\nIt is entirely useless notwithstanding all arguments to\\nthe contrary for the Northern immigrant to expect to be-\\ncome an intimately familiar guest and neighbor of the old\\nresidents and aristocrats of the South. They will tell you\\nthey welcome you, and if you are a gentlemanly, peaceable,\\nrespectable citizen, they do welcome you, after a fashion\\nbut it is the welcome extended to a polite stranger sincere\\nbut cool, honest but always formal. It is vastly different\\nfrom the state of society at the West, and for vastly dif-\\nferent reasons. In the West is found no former old-time\\nsociety the settlers there are themselves the original and\\nonly society and, as is always the case with sensible peo-\\nple when they meet in far-off places, they are sociable,\\nhearty, and cordial toward one another. There all are\\ndeemed respectable members of society until convicted of\\ncrime or misdeed. Here in the South, the older residents\\ndo not, and I believe can not, understand that sentiment of\\nsocial intercourse and bluff, hearty good-fellowship which\\nis felt among the peoples of the East, North, and West\\nand the new-comer might as well give up any hope or re-\\nsentment in the matter. It is caused by the laws of human\\nnature that make the Esquimau, the Chinese, the Russian,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "230 FLORIDA.\\nthe Turk, the Frencliman, the Englishman, the New-Eng-\\nlander, and the Southerner, each believe his country, people,\\nand customs to be the best. It can not be changed in one\\ngeneration. The immigrant from other regions must sim-\\nply wait patiently until there is a sufficient number of other\\nimmigrants settled near him to form a congenial circle of\\nintimates. In the mean time, one thing is sure in health\\nor sickness, in trouble or disaster, you will always receive\\nkindly attention, care, and assistance from these excellent\\npeople, if you at all deserve it.\\nThe rush of immigration is to the semi-tropical central\\nFlorida regions along the Transit Railroad, the St. John s\\nRiver, and the coasts these are the localities where the\\nnew settlers are pouring in, clearing lands, fencing, building\\nhomes, setting out groves, planting gardens, building rail-\\nroads, mills, factories, etc. Putnam, Sumter, Yolusia, Or-\\nange, Brevard, Marion, Alachua, Manatee, and all the coun-\\nties of that extensive section, are the chosen spots of the\\nnew-comers and that section will soon be the most popu-\\nlous and powerful portion of the State. In none of these\\ncounties will the new-comer find himself far away from\\ncongenial companionship and friendly associations.\\nChurches are being built in all the new towns and ham-\\nlets, and nowhere is religion more strictly observed than in\\nFlorida. In all the older towns and communities they have\\nas attractive and as well-attended churches as anywhere in\\nour country. Schools are scarce, but are increasing. The\\nState has a good school law, and the school system is\\ngradually developing into a strong and vigorous condition\\nbut it will take time, more settlers, and care to make it\\nanything like Indiana, Illinois, or such States of special\\neducational facilities. The State Legislature, too, must\\npass under the control of a class of law-makers who have\\nlived under and seen the effect of a liberal support of pub-\\nlic schools. Even if they were excellent legislators on gen-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA F0LE8 AND FAMILIES. 231\\neral questions and requirements, most of the present law-\\nmakers of both political parties know little or nothing of\\nthe perfect educational systems of the North and West.\\nIt is not at all a question of their political views, but a bare\\nfact that they do not know anything about it.\\nBut there are other drawbacks, for which the Legislat-\\nure or people can not be held to blame. In the first place,\\nthe number of children is so small, and the territory of the\\ndistricts necessarily so large, that the schools are lightly\\nattended. In the next place, the wages paid the teachers\\nare too low to make it an object for first-class instructors\\nto seek positions here, except an occasional person who has\\ncome here for health and light employment and even\\nthese soon find more lucrative occupations. In the older,\\nlarger cities, like Tallahassee, Tampa, Key West, Pensa-\\ncola, and all old-settled places, especially Jacksonville,\\nthere are very good schoolhouses, good teachers, and good\\nmethods but the terms should be made longer, and the\\npay to all teachers considerably increased.\\nThere is comparatively little crime in Florida prop-\\nerty and life are nowhere safer than here. This is very\\nnoticeable where the homes are few and far between, and\\nof such light construction that they might easily be entered\\nby the burglar or more desperate villain. Such scoundrels\\nare remarkably few. The laws are generally well enforced\\non all such evil-doers and where these fail or are too dila-\\ntory, a rough-and-ready popular justice is apt to perform\\ntheir work. The judges and justices as a class compare\\nfavorably with those of other States.\\nMuch has been said and written about crimes committed\\nin this State as the result of color and politics. It is\\nstoutly asserted by some that many lives have been lost\\nand much property destroyed from these causes and it is\\nas stoutly denied by others that such things have been\\ndone. I believe there have been such crimes committed,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "232 FLORIDA.\\nand that politics has been the cause of much trouble, loss of\\nlife, and damage to property but I have not included any\\nof these acts in my views about scarcity of crime, for I do\\nnot regard political outrages, however atrocious, as belong-\\ning to the common-law class of crimes, great or small.\\nThey are different, resulting from entirely different causes,\\nin which it is fair to suppose the followers of both political\\nbeliefs were in some degree in fault, and that the remedy\\nand total avoidance can only be brought about by intelli-\\ngent, friendly understanding of the rights of all. Time,\\neducation, and commercial prosperity only will prevent\\nthese political misunderstandings and crimes. And it must\\nbe remembered that it is but a few years since a great war,\\nwith its embittering, desolating effects, was raging, and\\nthat this region was a battle-ground, and the participants\\nin these disgraceful political quarrels were engaged on the\\ntwo sides of that great struggle. But happily such ani-\\nmosities, such disturbances, and such unhappy influences\\nare rapidly passing away, and everywhere the political is\\ngiving way to the enterprising commercial interest. The\\nelections of 1880 were undoubtedly as peaceably conducted\\nin Florida as in any other State of our Union. The mis-\\ndoings, if any, were such as time, better laws, and sound\\ncommon-sense will eradicate and effectually put an end to.\\nThe negroes, who form so prominent an element in the\\nother Southern States, are less numerous and less conspicu-\\nous in Florida than elsewhere though of course, as they\\nperform most of the manual labor and are almost the only\\nattainable domestic help, they are found everywhere in\\ngreater or smaller numbers. Here, as always, they are a\\npicturesque and amusing class, and one of the most interest-\\ning episodes of my life in Florida is connected with a pe-\\nriod of several months during which I was in continual and\\nclose contact with large numbers of them in the construc-\\ntion of the South Florida Railroad. Holding official re-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA FOLKS AND FAMILIES. 233\\nlations with this enterprise in several capacities, I was at one\\ntime commissaryj and this, of course, involved almost con-\\nstant relations with the laborers. These laborers, who were\\nall negroes, except the mechanics, numbered about six hun-\\ndred, and were mostly Georgians, who came in gangs espe-\\ncially for the railway service.\\nThey were a strange set of beings. The pleasure-seeker\\nwho visits a minstrel entertainment in the North may sup-\\npose he is seeing a comical creature of the imagination, but\\nit is not so in fact, the most grotesque acting or the most\\ndistorted lingual expressions that the nigger delineator\\never perpetrated on the stage is far from equaling the re-\\nality as seen and heard in a camp of negro laborers. Such\\nwonderful jokes, such crushing retorts, such verbal pyro-\\ntechnics, and such uproarious shouts of laughter, can never\\nbe heard elsewhere and the accompanying gestures and\\npantomime are often more original and characteristic than\\nthe language itself. The only drawback to the amusement\\nof listening at these gatherings is the shocking profanity\\nand disgustingly vile language in which the negroes indulge.\\nThe most simple remarks in their social conversation are\\ncommonly interlarded with a number of oaths and foul\\nwords that is positively startling. They seem to think that\\nit strengthens and emphasizes their conversation and there\\ncan be no doubt that the practice is partly due to their as-\\nsociation with low whites, and to a desire to talk as big as\\nthe white folks.\\nThe camp reached, after a day s labor, all hands would\\nspeedily bring out their stowed-away grub-boxes. Fires\\nwere quickly burning, and soon a multitude of skillets were\\nranged over the coals, in each a chunk of fat side-pork\\nthis, and a cupful of boiled grits or hominy, with mo-\\nlasses for sauce, and a cup of coffee, is their usual meal.\\nSometimes they vary this with a can of salmon, or a fresh\\nfish caught in the innumerable lakes, or a gopher caught in", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "234: FLORIDA.\\nthe woods, and made into soup. (This last is a species of\\nlarge land-turtle ten to twenty inches across its back-shell,\\nliving in deep holes which it burrows in the ground. They\\nare very plentiful, and their cavernous-looking retreats are\\neverywhere seen here. They are incorrectly called go-\\nphers by the negroes and natives.) They also frequently\\nmake up batches of corn or wheat-flour cake, to be eaten\\nwith molasses. Pork, however, is their chief article of\\nfood they ate it three times a day, and averaged about\\nfive pounds each in seven days.\\nMeals over, the fun began. Musical instruments, con-\\nsisting mainly of banjoes, fiddles, and guitars, began thrum-\\nming everywhere soon a jig would strike up, all the feet\\n(such feet would begin beating time, and before very\\nlong some dancer would bound forward and commence a\\nshuffle, perhaps two or three others joining in, and keep it up\\nuntil tbey dropped from sheer exhaustion. And the sing-\\ning, especially after sunset, was always a noticeable feature,\\nfrequently quite fine. When two or three voices start\\njoined in one of their countless melodies, like nothing heard\\nelsewhere it is very attractive. Generally all hands in\\ncamp would join in the chorus and when heard a little dis-\\ntance off through the pine-woods, it was strangely beauti-\\nful and often solemnly sweet.\\nAs a class, the genuine, pure blacks are always the best\\nlaborers they work hardest, most willingly, honestly, and\\nefficiently, always performing the most labor in a day, and\\nmaking least trouble to the foremen and officers. The gen-\\nuine African is an excellent, worthy worker. But it is dif-\\nferent with them yeller fellers. These are always more\\ndainty, more quarrelsome they are the class that carry\\nwatches and revolvers, always shirk, always do things a\\ntrifle different from the way ordered, always quarrel with\\ntheir foremen about their time, about their rations, about\\ntheir pay, and about everything. They are up to all manner", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA FOLKS AND FAMILIES. 235\\nof tricks, giving tlieir names differently to their foremen,\\nthe commissary clerk, and the paymaster, creating all sorts of\\nunexpected confusion and disputes, requiring close care and\\nwatching, greatly increasing the duties of the overseers.\\nIf there was any mischief or deviltry in the camp, we nearly\\nalways discovered that a mulatto was at the bottom of it.\\nThe 10th of each month was pay-day, the great day\\nwith the darkeys, and a busy day at the pay-table. It was\\na regulation holiday with the gangs not a bit of work\\nwould they perform, but at an early hour they would gather\\nat the pay-office scuffling, dancing, shouting, singing a\\nhappy crowd indeed. One dollar per day was the regular\\nstandard price the colored spikers (men who drive the\\ntrack-spikes) and sub-foremen received a dollar and twen-\\nty-five to a dollar and forty cents per day. The older\\ndarkeys of about forty or fifty years, especially the genu-\\nuine blacks, were, as I have said, by far the best laborers\\nthey usually kept records to tallies of their labor, and\\nalways were correct. But the young darkeys, especially\\nthe yeller fellers, the class that loves to dance and sing,\\nnever averaged over fifteen days labor in the month, and\\nwere always disputing their time-accounts.\\nAfter pay-day they would strangely be missing that is,\\nthe younger class but a hunt through the woods would\\nreveal their whereabouts under the trees and in out-of-\\nthe-way thickets they were to be found in small, quiet,\\nearnest-faced little groups gambling The darkey is a\\nmost inveterate gambler, the equal of the Chinaman or\\nIndian in this vice. The Chinaman will gamble himself\\naway that, is he will bind himself to work for his winning\\nopponent for certain lengths of time the Indian will gam-\\nble away his horses, tepees (or wigwams), squaws, and\\npaj)ooses but the darkey will gamble all he has earned\\nby months of hard labor, and all he can steal from his hard-\\nworking fellow-laborers.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "236\\nFLORIDA.\\nAfter two or three days tbe gangs would begin to return\\nto work, silent for a day or two, dispirited, disgusted, dead-\\nbroke ^in fact, played out.\\nTwo or three of them wouldn t return to work no,\\nsir They put on airs, joked, smoked cigars, ate melons,\\nbananas, etc., and went on a trip down the river to Jack-\\nsonville, bought watches, canes, etc. They were the win-\\nning gamblers.\\nThe pay-rolls exhibited a lamentable condition of igno-\\nrance among them, less than ten per cent, signing their\\nnames. About thirty or forty whites of the poorer class of\\nnatives were employed on the gangs, and the lack of edu-\\nOUT FOR A DkIVE.\\ncation was even greater among this class, for less than four\\nper cent, could sign their names. In reply to the request\\nto sign your name, the old darkeys always politely\\nreplied, *I can t write, sir but the whites would, in a", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "FLORIDA FOLKS AJSTB FAMILIES. 237\\nshamed manner and low tone, say, You jest put it down,\\nplease, my hand is hurted and sort o weak like ahem\\nor they would remark that their hand was so dirty. I\\nhave seen them slyly wrap a bit of cloth or a handkerchief\\nabout their hand while awaiting their turn, so as have an\\nexcuse for not signing.\\nAs a rule, the young blacks can read and write, and are\\nvery proud of the accomplishment. They seize the pen\\nand delight to attach their autographs (generally of three\\nor four names, the Williams and Johnsons greatly in the\\nmajority) in an airy, rapid, careless sort of style it always\\nprofoundly impresses the assembled lookers-on, and adds\\na dignity to labor that is quite overpowering to witness.\\nThe blacks are always solid friends to all educational im-\\nproverafents. In all their camps were individuals who did\\nthe reading and writing read the newspapers aloud, read\\nthe letters received by their less intelligent companions,\\nand wrote the letter and postal-card replies this class are\\nimmense on letters. Frequently these scribes (always\\nyoung) make a pretty good thing of it in this amanuensis\\nservice.\\nIt was often a group quite worth seeing to visit one of\\ntheir camps in the evening. There the large fire of pitch-\\npine knots was blazing brightly, lighting up their small\\ncollection of queer little huts built of railroad-ties, in the\\ntall pine-woods, making a good picture indeed, with the\\nentire party all grouped about one of their number all in-\\ntently listening to him reading the latest newspaper they\\nalways insisted that he should read it all. Such intense at-\\ntention, eager eyes, and various attitudes, such quiet, ear-\\nnest facial expressions, and such costumes or lack of cos-\\ntumes all frequently formed pictures that would delight\\nan artist.\\nAnd after the reading was completed, then to hear the\\nBabel of arguments, opinions, and comicalities, was another", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "238 FLORIDA.\\nsource of interest to the observer. Often their jokes and\\npuns were quite original and good.\\nIt is always something of an astonishment to find how\\nwell posted these otherwise ignorant negroes are on politi-\\ncal matters, local events, or any important occurrences\\nthey seem to have a secret sort of freemasonry by which\\nthey learn everything going on. Ignorant, but very cun-\\nning and unscrupulous, they would be a terribly dangerous\\nelement of society, were it not for their well-known fear of\\nfire-arms, and their naturally peaceful disposition. As a\\nrule, all negroes go armed razors are their characteristic\\nand specially favorite weapon but they are very fond of\\nrevolvers also, and many of them carry one. Give the or-\\ndinary negro a cheap shiny watch, a revolver, and a cane,\\nand he is happy as a lord.\\nThe negro, I think, will not play a permanent or promi-\\nnent part in Florida. In moderate numbers, no doubt, he\\nwill always be found there, but his shiftless, incompetent,\\nand indolent ways will not long be endured by the class of\\nvigorous and thoroughgoing ISTorthern and Western men\\nwho constitute the bulk of the immigration to Florida at\\npresent. The better class of foreign laborers will gradually\\nsupersede him, and should John Chinaman ever be intro-\\nduced in any considerable numbers, as I have suggested,\\nthe days of Sambo and Cuffee would speedily be\\nnumbered.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XY.\\nOEANGE-CULTUEE.\\nThe orange is by far ttie most important of the semi-\\ntropical fruits grown in Florida, and its culture is rapidly-\\nbecoming the leading industry of the State. In nearly all\\nsections it is found growing either in fields or house-gar-\\ndens, as common and as natural to the climate and locality\\nas the apple in the colder States. Whether or not it is in-\\ndigenous is as yet an unsettled question, but the weight of\\nevidence seems to be in favor of the idea that it was first\\nintroduced by the Spaniards, and that the many wild groves\\nof sour oranges that are now found in various localities\\nare simply the result of that deterioration which all the cul-\\ntivated fruits undergo Avhen left for long periods to run\\nriot in a state of nature. It is well known that the apple,\\nleft to itself for a sufficient period, will ultimately revert to\\nthe crab and the difference between the crab and\\nthe choice varieties of the eating apple is about the same as\\nthe difference between the wild sour orange and the cul-\\ntivated sweet.\\nSince the earliest settlement, apparently, oranges have\\nbeen grown in Florida, but in a very careless and desultory\\nway. It is only since the war that any special attention\\nhas been given to their production, or any effort made to\\ncultivate them for profit and what is sometimes called the\\norange craze has developed within the past six or eight\\nyears. The financial panic of 1873 caused many people\\n11", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "240\\nFLORIDA.\\nwho were educated and shrewd to seek other and less pre-\\ncarious oj^portunities for investment than are afforded by\\nordinary business. Many of these, gathering together\\nthe wrecks of their fortunes, came to Florida and, quickly\\nperceiving the commercial value of this and similar fruits,\\nset the boom going that has already attained immense\\nproportions, and is increasing annually with gigantic strides.\\nAt present, the orange is undoubtedly the staple product\\nOrange-Tkees.\\nof the State it is to Florida what cattle are to Texas,\\ncorn and pork to Illinois, wheat to Iowa, and peaches to\\nDelaware.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "ORANGE-CULTUEE. 241\\nAn orange-tree is a very attractive siglit at all seasons\\nof the year with a straight, symmetrical, upright trunk\\ncovered with a smooth, sleek, pale-gray bark, and graceful\\ncurving branches which spread in all directions and are al-\\nways clothed with an abundant foliage of rich, glossy, dark-\\ngreen leaves that is, if the tree is well cared for. Its regu-\\nlar blossoming season is the spring, but trees may be seen\\nin blossom at all seasons, and sometimes one may see on\\nthe same tree blossoms, and green and mature fruit. The\\nblossom is a small star-shaped flower, snow-white, and of a\\nwaxy look. The oranges ripen from late in November\\nuntil early in March, depending somewhat upon the variety\\nand the season and it would be difficult to imagine a more\\nfascinating spectacle than a grove, or even a single tree,\\nwhen fully laden with its ripe, golden-hued, luscious fruit.\\nThe orange is a very hardy tree in its own natural\\nhabitat and under the right conditions cold being its chief\\nenemy. It is sociable, too, and appears to like human com-\\npanionship it being a noticeable fact that those trees that\\nare nearest inhabited dwellings are usually the largest and\\nmost prolific. It continues to grow until thirty to forty\\nyears of age, and is estimated to afford a productive yield\\nfor at least a hundred years. In a famous grove in the\\nnorthern part of the State stands a tree known to be up-\\nward of eighty years old, yet it has every appearance of\\nyouthful vigor, and bears enormous crops. Orange-trees\\nare hardly in what can be called their prime until after\\nthey are twenty years old, and then they increase in value\\nfor at least twenty years more.\\nIt is surprising under how much neglect the orange will\\nlive and even thrive, but, in order to be made a reliable\\nsource of profit, it must be constantly and intelligently\\ncared for. The remainder of this chapter will be devoted\\nto pointing out a few of the essential conditions of success-\\nful orange-culture such as will enable the beginner to", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "212 FLORIDA.\\navoid the mistakes that are most commonly made but,\\nfor more specific and minute details, the proposed fruit-\\ngrower must provide himself v/ith a trustworthy and com-\\nprehensive treatise.*\\nLocation. This is the most important consideration in\\nstarting a grove. With proper care oranges will grow in\\nalmost any part of Florida, but it is wise to select a location\\nwhich combines the largest^ possible number of favorable\\nconditions. As 1 have already said, cold is the greatest\\nenemy of the orange -grower, and a fierce controversy has\\nbeen raging for several years between different sections of\\nthe State as to what is called a frost-line, above which,\\nso it is said, orange-culture can not be pursued with any\\nconfidence in the returns, w^hile below it the danger from\\nfrost is very slight. This line is usually placed at the\\ntwenty-eighth or twenty-ninth degree of latitude. Those\\nliving south of the frost-line direct attention to the fact\\nthat during the severe winters of 18T6- 7T and 1880- 81\\nnearly all the fruit in the section north of it was irreme-\\ndiably spoiled and lost. On the other hand, those living\\nnorth of the line call attention to the undeniable fact that\\na large majority of the old and productive groves are lo-\\ncated above the supposed line, and that immensely the\\nlarger portion of the Florida oranges have been for many\\nyears, and are still, furnished by this section. It is difficult\\nto reach any definite conclusions regarding the matter, f as\\nMuch the best work on the subject is Rev. T. W, Moore s Treatise\\nand Handbook on Orange-Culture in Florida, of which a new, revised, and\\nenlarged edition has just been published by E. R. Pelton Co., 25 Bond\\nStreet, New York.\\nMy own personal opinion is that it is, to say the \\\\Q2iQi, prudent to get\\nas far south as possible. There can be no doubt that killing frosts are\\nrarer in the more southern portions of the peninsula, and it is well to avoid\\nas many risks as possible, even if it be admitted that no portion of the\\nState is wholly exempt from frost. Moreover, there are other tropical and\\nsemi-tropical fruits the culture of which may be profitably combined with", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "ORANGE-CULTURE. 243\\nbotli views are advocated with equal ardor and sincerity by\\nequally able and experienced men. There are two or three\\npoints, however, that may be regarded as settled. The in-\\ndustry can not be entered upon with any certainty in the\\nnorthern or northwestern portions of the State. Most of the\\nold and valuable groves in the upper division are located\\non the east side of the St. John s River, and their compara-\\ntive immunity from the effects of cold is attributed to the\\nextensive water-protection on the northwest. Mr. Moore\\nconsiders that the water-protection afforded by the St. John s\\nis equivalent to at least one hundred miles of southerly dis-\\ntance and throughout the peninsula it is considered de-\\nsirable to secure the protection of a body of water on the\\nnorthwest, the direction whence the cold winds come. In\\nthe absence of water, a protection of forest-trees is valuable,\\nbut these should shelter the trees on the southeast. Another\\nimportant consideration in locating an orange-grove is ac-\\ncessibility to market one should be sure to locate himself\\neither near some established line of transportation or in the\\nimmediate vicinity of some line that is sure to be established\\nin the near future. To haul oranges even ten miles over\\nsuch roads as those of Florida is no slight task, and the\\nfruit is very liable to be damaged in the process and thus\\nrendered worthless.\\nSoil, etc. Says Mr. Moore The orange will grow in\\na variety of soils in clayey, sandy, shelly, or loamy soils,\\nin hammocks black or gray, on pine-lands or black-jack\\nridges. It does well on soil underlaid with clay or sand.\\nIt will even do well on a light soil underlaid with white\\nsand if fertilizers are applied annually. But whoever\\nwishes to plant an orange-grove should be careful to select\\nthe best available soil. Perhaps the poorest soil suitable\\nfor orange-growing is that underlaid with a white sand, as\\ntliat of the orange, and these can not be grown with profit noi^th of Lake\\nGeorge. G. M. B.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "244 FLORIDA.\\nsuch a soil leaches very readily the soluble manure. Per-\\nhaps the best soil is found in our dark-gray hammock with\\ndeep soil underlaid with a yellow clay or yellow sand sub-\\nsoil. The natural growth should be tall and large with an\\nabundance of live-oak and hickory, as such a growth would\\nindicate an abundance of lime. Of our pine-land, that on\\nwhich the hickory is found mixed with the pine, with yellow\\nsubsoil, should rank first. Such a soil is really a mixed\\nhammock and pine. Next to this is the pine mixed with\\nwillow, oak, and black-jack. Considering the ease with\\nwhich such lands as the last two classes are cleared and\\nplanted, the readiness with which the orange grows on them,\\nthey deserve a high rank, and especially if fertilizers are\\nclose at hand. In selecting a location in the purely pine-\\nlands, select that which is thickly set with tall trees, well\\ndrained, and with a yellow subsoil. Such soils, if occa-\\nsionally dressed with alkaline manures, grow the orange\\nadmirably. Low pine-lands, called flat woods, should be\\navoided, and all lands which have a subsoil of hard-pan\\nor quicksand. The trees grow more vigorously on the low,\\nrich hammocks, but it is thought that they do not attain such\\ngreat age as on the high lands, and the fruit is less adapted\\nfor transportation. Mr. Davis says, Where high, hard-\\nwood hammock-lands can be had, they should be preferred,\\nother things being equal. N o wet land no soil not sus-\\nceptible of thorough drainage will do for orange-culture.\\nPmcES OF Land, Clearing, etc. There is still much\\nland to be had in Florida at the Government price (one\\ndollar and twenty-five cents per acre), but these are rarely\\nso situated in respect to transportation facilities that it is\\nwise to put an orange-grove ujDon them. The price of land\\nheld for sale by private parties ranges from five to one\\nhundred and twenty-five dollars per acre, the difference\\nbeing due mainly to greater or less nearness to settlements\\nor to lines of transportation. Choice lake-fronts are", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "OBANGE-GULTURE. 215\\nusually tlie most costly. The cost of clearing pine-land\\nis from ten to thirty dollars per acre, according to the\\namount of undergrowth and the amount of grubbing\\nrequired of clearing hammock-lands, from thirty to one\\nhundred dollars per acre. The cost of plowing the land\\nand preparing it for the trees is from three to five dollars\\nper acre. It is very important to have the soil properly\\nprepared. Orange-trees will not thrive on new, sour\\nland, and it is desirable to have the soil thoroughly broken\\nup and pulverized some time before the trees are planted.\\nThe best plan of all is first to raise a crop of cow-peas on\\nthe land, and, when these have been turned under, then set\\nout the trees.\\nSelectii^g the Trees. In their serviceable little\\nGuide to Orange-Culture the Manville Brothers say\\nYoung, transplanted trees from the nursery should be\\nselected they have well-developed fibrous roots, are little\\nretarded by moving, and easily adapt themselves to the\\nvarious circumstances of soil, location, etc. The orange\\ndoes not reproduce itself with certainty from the seed.\\nSeedling trees are much longer in attaining maturity than\\nbudded trees, and have no advantages over the latter.\\nBudded trees should therefore be selected in all cases. So-\\ncalled sour stocks are more hardy and vigorous than the\\nsweet they are especially adapted to low land, where the\\nlatter do not thrive. Sweet stocks are admissible on the\\nhigh lands, and are preferred by some. A bud of one or\\ntwo years growth on a stock three or four years old, is the\\nmost profitable and convenient size and age. It used to\\nbe represented, probably by interested parties, that sweet\\nseedlings grow larger and ultimately produce more abun-\\ndantly than budded trees but experiment has disproved\\nthis, and it is now admitted that the budded trees not only\\nbear several years earlier than the seedlings, but make\\nquite as productive and vigorous trees. In choosing the", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "246 FLORIDA.\\nyoung trees in tlie nursery, choose those that have the\\nlargest trunks.\\nVarieties of the Oeaistge. These are very numer-\\nous in fact, I have never met any one, even among those\\nregarded as high authority, who could tell just how many\\nkinds there are. Upward of sixty varieties are mentioned\\nin some publications, yet the growers say there are many\\nmore, and every grower has one or two special varieties of\\nhis own. In Mr. Moore s treatise there is a comj)rehensive\\nchapter on the different varieties, which the reader would\\ndo well to consult, as it is not possible here to do more\\nthan name a few of those which form the staple of an\\norange-grove. Of the common native sweet orange, always\\ngood and reliable, good varieties are the NonjDareil, the\\nHomosassa, the Magnum Bonum, the Peerless, and the\\nsweet Seville. The E^avel orange, so named because the\\nbloom -end bears a striking resemblance to the human\\nnavel, is excellent and popular. Of the imported varieties,\\nthe Jaffa has the reputation of being a remarkably early\\nbearer, and the Mediterranean Sweet ranks high. The\\nMandarin or Tangierine orange is of small size, but very\\ndainty and clean in appearance, and of a peculiar fruity\\nflavor. It is sometimes called the kid-glove orange,\\nbecause you can break the skin and peel it without using\\na knife or staining the fingers. The sour orange has\\nthe flavor of the lemon, and makes a good orangeade and\\na wine that resembles sherry. The bitter-sweet has a\\nskin bitter as gall, but the pulp is sweet, and an excellent\\nwine is made from it. The myrtle is a small variety\\nwhich grows in clusters and has a very sour taste it is\\nquite a favorite with housewives, for it makes delicious\\nwine, orangeade, or preserves.\\nDistances apart of the Trees. Some growers\\nrecommend twenty feet as the proper distance, some\\ntwenty-five, and some thirty. The closer they are to-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "ORANGE- CULTURE. 247\\ngether, of course the less is the expense of land and culti-\\nvation, but on the other hand the trees are stunted ulti-\\nmately if placed too close to each other. Twenty-five feet\\nis probably a good medium. At twenty feet apart, there\\nwill be one hundred trees to the acre at twenty-five feet\\napart, seventy-two trees to the acre at thirty feet apart,\\nfifty-six trees to the acre.\\nPlanting. Under favorable circumstances trees may\\nbe transplanted with success during any month of the year,\\nbut the best time is when the sap is dormant, from Decem-\\nber to March. If planted in summer, watering, mulching,\\nand shading will probably be necessary. In removing the\\ntrees from the nursery, as many roots as possible should be\\ntaken up, and great care should be exercised to avoid\\nbreaking or bruising them. Whenever they are thus in-\\njured, they should be trimmed with a sharp knife. The\\ntaj^-root should be left about twelve or eighteen inches\\nlong if too long it will double up on being reset. The\\nholes for the trees should be freshly dug, and must not be\\ntoo deep more trees are lost by too deep planting than\\nfrom any other cause. As the trees always settle a little\\nafter being set out, they should be raised three or four\\ninches above the surface, to allow for this. The upper or\\nbrace roots must not be covered up at the collar and\\nunder no circumstances should the tree be set deej)er than\\nit stood in the nursery. The earth should be pressed care-\\nfully and firmly about the roots with the hand, giving\\nthem as nearly as possible their original position. It is\\nbetter to select a cool, wet time for planting, but, if the\\nground is dry, water should be plentifully supplied when\\nthe work is finished. Manville Brothers recommend that\\nthe newly-planted trees be mulched, whether the season\\nbe wet or dry Mr. Moore recommends it only in case\\nthe planting is done in hot summer weather. Before\\nthe tree is left, its upper part should be trimmed in pro-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "24:8 FLORIDA,\\npoi tion to the trimming wMcli the roots have been subject-\\ned to.\\nCuLTiYATioisr. Contrary to what used to be the preva-\\nlent idea, the orange requires careful cultivation, and will\\nnot really flourish without it. During the growing season\\n(spring and summer) the more frequently the soil is stirred\\nthe better during the winter the cultivation may be sus-\\npended, though some think it best to keep the ground free\\nfrom grass and weeds the year round. Mr. Moore favors\\nthe latter policy, but in this matter something depends upon\\nthe character of the soil. For the first two or three years\\nvegetables may be grown among the young trees, but they\\nshould never be planted nearer than four or five feet from\\nthe tree. Moreover, no crop should be raised without first\\napplying an ample quantity of fertilizers to the soil, and\\nthe area plowed each year must be gradually narrowed.\\nIf the roots are injured, the trees suifer seriously hence,\\namong older trees, where the roots have extended them-\\nselves over a considerable part of the surface, the best\\nimplement for cultivating is the sweep, which keeps\\ndown the grass and weeds without going deep enough to\\ndamage the roots. Particular care must be taken in cul-\\ntivating not to allow the soil to pile up around the trunks\\nof the trees.\\nFertilizing. The orange-tree is a ravenous feeder, and\\nrequires a soil rich in plant-food and if the locality chosen\\nfor the grove does not contain this in the requisite quantity,\\nthe want will have to be supplied. According to Dr. G. W.\\nDavis, the best fertilizer for the young growing orange-tree\\nis well-rotted stable-manure. Manville Brothers recommend\\nmuck composted with animal manures, or with lime. Com-\\nmercial fertilizers designed especially for the orange-tree\\nare numerous, and some are doubtless valuable. Mr. Moore\\nrecommends the muck found in rivers, creeks, lakes, and\\nponds and remarks that green crops turned under are high-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "ORANGE-CULTURE. 249\\nly beneficial to young trees. Rye, oats, and barley sown\\nin the fall and turned under in the spring, and followed\\nby one or two crops of cow-peas during the summer,\\nhelp forward a grove of trees wonderfully. It is still\\nbetter if this be accompanied by a dressing of wood-\\nashes one ton to the acre is not too much. Of course,\\nin applying fertilizers the orange-grower must be guided\\nby the special qualities of his soil, supplying those ele-\\nments which are lacking. When the leaves of a tree are\\nyellowish in hue, there is probably a deficiency of nitro-\\ngenous manures, while leaves of a dark, vivid green indi-\\ncate an abundance. In general, it may be said that young\\nand growing trees require nitrogenous manures, while\\nbearing trees require abundance of potash. Owing to the\\nporosity of most of the Florida soils, it is better to give the\\ngrove a light annual dressing than to apply a large quan-\\ntity at once.\\nPeuj^iistg. Judicious pruning is highly important in an\\norange-grove. The tree should be encouraged to form a\\nlow head, so as to protect the trunk and roots from sun and\\nfrost and the interior of the tree should be kept open by\\ncutting out all except the most vigorous lateral branches.\\nDead wood should be cut away also all diseased or un-\\nshapely branches. Water-shoots on the trunk should be\\ncut or pulled off. The principal pruning should be done in\\nthe spring and with a sharp knife. It may be slackened\\nwhen the trees come into bearing.\\nInsects and Diseases. As a rule, the orange-tree is\\nnot subject to many diseases, particularly if the trees are\\nkept in a healthy, vigorous condition, with the ground well\\ncultivated. The most formidable insect enemy is the scale-\\ninsect, but it seldom attacks any but feeble trees. For re-\\nmoving them, apply a strong solution of whale-oil soap\\nand if this fails, Dr. Davis recommends the following Dis-\\nsolve five pounds of any hard soap in a small quantity of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "250 FLORIDA.\\nboiling water, put it into a forty-gallon cask, add ten\\npounds of carbonate of soda, broken into small lumps, fill\\nthe cask with soft water, and stir until it is thoroughly dis-\\nsolved scrub the trunk and branches with a brush dipped\\nin this solution, and shower the tops and foliage with it by\\nmeans of a rose-nibbed syringe. Against other insects the\\nbest protection is a good flock of fowls. The cause of\\nrust is not yet fully made out, some claiming that it is\\ndue to an insect, others to a fungus. Slaked lime from\\nburned oyster-shells sown broadcast over the grove and\\nallowed to sift lightly through the branches and leaves of\\nthe trees, is a good corrective. The most serious disease is\\nthat known as the die-back. If this is confined to a few\\nbranches, it may be due to the sting of an insect. If, on\\nthe other hand, it is general, it shows either that the trees\\nhave been planted too deeply (and the remedy is to dig\\naway the soil or to reset the tree), or that the roots have\\nstruck a hard-pan subsoil (and for this there is no rem-\\nedy but removal to another site).\\nIn conclusion, it must be said that orange-groves do not\\nmake themselves their value, indeed, consists in the very\\nfact that it takes years of hard labor and a very consider-\\nable expenditure of money in the mean while to raise them.\\nAs to the returns that may be expected, one is generally\\ntold that in three years from the setting, if budded trees\\nare put out, the grove will be in bearing. While this is\\ntrue in the sense that some oranges may then be found\\nupon the trees, it is also true that no paying crop can be\\nlooked for in so brief a period. As a general thing, if the\\ngrove has been properly cared for, it ought to be self-sup-\\nporting by the fifth year, after which its returns should\\ngradually increase year by year, until at the end of ten or\\ntwelve years the crop, at a cent an orange on the tree (the\\nprice is now much higher), should yield ten dollars per tree.\\nEstimates are usually made much higher than this and,", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "ORANGE-CULTURE. 251\\nindeed, there are trees in Florida the fruit from which will\\nannually bring ujDward of a hundred dollars each but\\nthese are very rare exceptions, and I believe the estimate I\\nhave given to be a fair one. At least, if one expects no\\nmore than that, he may be reasonably sure of not being\\ndisappointed.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XYL\\nOTHER TROPICAL AISTD SEMI-TROPICAL FRUITS.\\nThe extent of the subject properly belonging to this\\nchapter, and the variety of products that must be dealt\\nwith, are so great that it would be impossible for any one\\nto treat it adequately from individual knowledge of all the\\nfacts. The knowledge and the experience of others must\\nbe relied upon in large measure, and fortunately the fruits\\nof this knowledge and experience are readily obtainable.\\nWithin the past fifteen years much attention has been giv-\\nen to the procurement of accurate data concerning the re-\\nsources of the State the State Bureau of Immigration, and\\nnearly all the counties, besides many special associations\\nand societies horticultural, agricultural, and stock hav-\\ning expended large sums in the investigation. Persons of\\nknown competency and trustworthiness have generally\\nmade these investigations and the results have been given\\nto the public in various pamphlets, circulars, reports, ad-\\ndresses, and newspaper articles. I have collected many of\\nthese pamphlets, etc., especially those the authors of which\\nare known to be able and intelligent persons, fully ac-\\nquainted with the topic written of, not only from observa-\\ntion but from practical experience, often of many years.\\nIn the following statements and suggestions I have supple-\\nmented my own knowledge and observations with the in-\\nformation thus acquired and as the chapter has been sub-\\nmitted, since it was written, to the scrutiny of several com-", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS. 253\\npetent persons, it is believed that, as far as it goes, it can\\nbe relied upon.\\nAfter the orange, which is fully treated of in the previ-\\nous chapter, the most important of the semi-tro2:)ical fruits\\nis\\nThe Lemon. The lemon is produced in the orange-belt\\nof Florida to a degree of perfection far surpassing any-\\nthing of the kind in any other part of the world.\\nThe tree grows more rapidly, produces fruit sooner,\\nbears a larger crop, and has larger and better-flavored lem-\\nons, than are found anywhere else. I have seen and picked\\nlemons of one and a half to two pounds weight, and at the\\nState Fair saw lemons weighing two and a half pounds\\nIn many respects the lemon-tree resembles the orange, and\\nits cultivation is the same, except that it does not require\\nsuch rich soil it does best on a light, sandy soil. It is a\\ntenderer plant, however, requiring care to protect it from\\nthe cold, which it can not bear as well as the orange. Be-\\nlow the frost-line, of course, there is no danger, and it may\\nbe left to itself. It is a rapid and rampant grower, not\\nso smooth and graceful as an orange-tree, but spreading\\nout its branches wildly in all directions up and down. It\\ncommences bearing fruit about two or three years sooner\\nthan the orange-tree, and bears much larger crops. An\\norange-tree may be expected to bear in its sixth year two\\nhundred oranges and one thousand in its tenth year the\\nlemon-tree will bear in its third year two hundred lemons\\nand five thousand in its tenth year, on the average. The\\nfirst two or three crops are usually a coarse, spongy fruit,\\nbut the succeeding crops improve each year in delicacy and\\nexcellence.\\nThe fruit bears handling and transportation remarkably\\nwell, and it is generally thought by competent observers\\nthat it will prove quite as profitable a crop as the orange,\\nwith the advantage of producing returns two to three years", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "254 FLORIDA.\\nsooner. It is destined to become a very important prod-\\nuct.\\nThe Lime. This is a very dainty and delicious fruit,\\nsmaller in size but otherwise closely resembling the lemon.\\nThe juice is more agreeably acid and makes a very pleas-\\nant drink a glass of limeonade is sure to be remembered\\nwith pleasure. It grows very rapidly, like a small lemon-\\ntree, bears in its third year, and produces large crops. The\\nculture is precisely the same.\\nThe CiTKOisr. This is the chief of the citric family of\\nfruits. It is in all respects like the orange, in appearance\\nof the tree as well as in the care required. The fruit close-\\nly resembles the orange, except that it is larger and more\\nyellow in color. Plucked from the tree, it is not a pleasant\\nfruit to eat. Heretofore but little attention has been paid\\nto the cultivation of this fruit in Florida, except for variety\\nand ornament, and it is not usual to observe more than one\\nor two trees in a large garden of several acres in extent,\\nthough it is grown here with the greatest ease and perfec-\\ntion, frequently producing fruit weighing ten pounds, and\\nthere is no doubt but that it may be cultivated, preserved,\\nand introduced into our home-markets as an article of com-\\nmerce, with great profit to the producer. There is no other\\nvariety of this species so easily j^ropagated, and none more\\nhardy, or that yields its fruit so quickly, or produces more\\nabundantly and the circumstance that both the fruit and\\nthe sugar for preserving it are produced in the same field,\\nwith equal facility, gives to the American cultivator a great\\nadvantage over the foreign producer in our market. The\\ncitron pre23ared and preserved by private families in Florida\\nfor home use is of much finer quality, lighter colored, and\\nmore transparent, than the imported.\\nBeegamot. This is a hybrid of the orange and the\\nlemon, is small, yellow in color, has a thick skin, is juicy,\\nwith a sour-sweet, flavorless taste. It is cultivated chiefly", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS.\\n255\\nfor the oil which is distilled from the rind, and known to\\nchemists and in the trade as oil of bergamot.\\nThe Fig. This delicious fruit grows with remarkable\\nvigor and thrift in all portions of the State. It is quite\\nhardy, bears in the third year, produces large crops, and\\nis a profitable fruit, requiring little care or expense. It\\nThe Fig.\\nvery closely resembles the quince-tree of the Korth, in ap-\\npearance. A simple preparation of figs by boiling in sirup\\nfurnishes a most palatable and wholesome preserve that\\nonly needs to be known to become a universal favorite.\\nIf figs can be prepared for a lucrative market by drying\\nanywhere on earth, it can be done in Florida and though\\nit has been done but little as yet, it is certain to be one of\\nthe industries of the future.\\nThe Olive. With the exception of a few trees grown\\nfor ornament, this most valuable tree has not been culti-\\nvated in Florida. That it will succeed and produce large\\ncrops is undoubted, judging from the few specimens nov/", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "256\\nFLORIDA.\\ngrowing and attention having been directed to it recently,\\nit will probably be extensively planted. It begins to bear\\nabout ten years from the seed, bears annually, and increases\\nin the amount of product to the age of thirty years. It is\\nvery long-lived, some trees in Southern Europe being known\\nto be eight hundred years old and showing no signs of de-\\ncay. The fruit and the oil made from it are valuable as\\nfood, and in demand for commercial purposes.\\nThe PiisrEAPPLE. This delicious plant produces re-\\nmarkably fine large fruit in all portions of South Florida.\\nIt is the king of tropical fruits. It is planted from the\\nA PiNEAPPLE-Pr-ANT,\\nsuckers or shoots taken from the matured fruit and stock.\\nThese can be purchased at from one and a half to two and\\na half cents each and about twelve thousand can be\\nplanted on one acre, placed twenty to twenty-four inches\\napart. They bear fruit in the twentieth month, and con-\\ntinue bearing all the year.\\nThe owner of a pineapple patch can have fruit every\\nday of the year. They require little or no care, nor very\\nrich soil, nor fertilizing but they can not bear cold, and\\ncare must be taken to protect them from frosts. An acre\\nis certain to produce six to ten thousand pineapples, which\\nsell readily at prices which make them a very profitable crop.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS. 257\\nThe Banana. This fruit is planted like a field of gi-\\ngantic corn, wMch it much resembles in the care required and\\nyoung growth, but it attains vast size with immense leaves.\\nEach stalk produces one buncb in from fifteen to eighteen\\nmonths, which sells for one and a half to two and a half\\ndollars. After the fruit ripens, tbe large leaves fall off,\\nthe top dies down, and new suckers start out from the\\nroots. One of these suckers is sufficient to perpetuate the\\nold stock, and the rest may be replanted in new places, to\\nany extent desired. No fruit is more healthy and nutri-\\ntious than ripe bananas, and few are more esteemed. In\\nSouth American countries they are also cooked while green,\\nand are said to be very palatable.\\nThe Cocoanut. This tropical product grows vigor-\\nously in the keys and mainland of the extreme south-\\nern portion of the State. It much resembles a palm\\nor j^almetto tree in generally appearance. It requires\\nno care after setting out, and produces fruit after the\\nsixth year. It does well in Florida, producing extra-\\nsized fruit of excellent quality. A tree will bear from\\none hundred to five hundred nuts annually, in monthly\\nbunches.\\nThe Date, etc., etc. The date, tamarind, sapodilla,\\npapaw, sugar-apple, custard-apple, and all similar tropical\\nfruits, grow abundantly in all portions of tropical Flor-\\nida, with little or no labor, and produce large crops of the\\nbest quality of fruits of their kind.\\nDate-Palm. This excellent and valuable fruit is culti-\\nvated with entire success south of 28\u00c2\u00b0 north latitude, and\\nthe tree often perfects its fruit as far north as 30\u00c2\u00b0 north\\nlatitude. Numerous large and beautiful specimens of this\\ntree may be seen in the gardens at St. Augustine. It is one\\nof the most beautiful trees of the vegetable kingdom. Its\\nlong, graceful, ever-verdant, ever- waving, ever- changing\\nbranches make it the most picturesque of all plants for", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "258\\nFLORIDA,\\nlandscape-gardening, and should adorn the grounds of every\\nhomestead in Florida.\\nThe fruit is greatly and justly esteemed by the inhabi-\\ntants of Egypt, Arabia, and Persia, on account of its con-\\ncentrated and nutritious properties large numbers subsist\\nalmost entirely upon it. It is generally the sole food of\\nThe Date-Palm.\\nthe Arabs and their camels on their long and tedious jour-\\nneys over the desert, the men feeding upon the fruit and", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS. 259\\nthe animals upon the stones. The inhabitants of these\\ncountries also boast of the medicinal qualities of the date-\\nfruit, and of the numerous uses to which the different pro-\\nductions of this tree maybe applied. From the leaves they\\nmake couches, baskets, bags, mats, and brushes from the\\nbranches or stalks, cages for their poultry and fences for\\ntheir gardens from the fibers of the trunk, thread, ropes,\\nand rigging from the sap, a spirituous liquor and the\\nbody of the trees furnishes fuel.\\nThe date-palm is propagated from the seeds and suckers,\\nbut more successfully from the former. The cultivation of\\nthis fruit should be greatly extended, as it may become an\\nimportant and profitable resource of the inhabitants of\\nSouthern Florida. The bunches or clusters of this fruit\\noften attain a weight of fifteen pounds.\\nThe Shaddock (sometimes called mock-orange, or for-\\nbidden fruit). This was brought from China to the West\\nIndies by Captain Shaddock, from whom it derives its pres-\\nent name. There are at least six varieties, only one of which\\nis useful or desirable as a fruit. Some of these attain a very\\nlarge size, frequently weighing ten to fourteen pounds. It\\nis chiefly used for ornament or show, and where several\\nsorts of oranges are presented at dessert it forms a striking\\naddition to the varieties in the way of contrast. The most\\ndesirable variety of this fruit is sometimes called grape-\\nfruit. It possesses a reddish pulp, with most agreeable sub-\\nacid sweetness, and is excellent for quenching thirst and\\nfrom the thickness of its rind will keep longer than the\\nfruit of any other of the citrus family. This variety is well\\nworth cultivating for the excellence of its solid, vinous\\npulp, which furnishes a substitute for other acid fruits in\\npies, tarts, jellies, etc.\\nLoQUAT. This fruit is known in the South as the Japan\\nplum. The tree is an evergreen, and grows ten to twelve\\nfeet high, and is desirable in every Southern garden on", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "260 FLORIDA.\\naccount of its hardiness, withstanding a greater degree of\\ncold than any of the semi-tropical fruits. It ripens its\\nfruit in February and March, when most other fruits are\\ngone is a profuse bearer, and is readily propagated by\\nseeds and cuttings.\\nPeaches, ]N ECTAEi]srES, Pears, Plums, etc. When\\npeaches begin to bloom in Delaware and New Jersey, they\\nare one half grown in Florida, and no better peach country\\ncan or need be found than along the line of the Florida\\nRailroad. At one year s growth from the pit, peaches often\\nattain, even in West Florida, the height of ten feet. Care,\\nselection, and attention can place in the Northern market\\nthe choicest peaches from Waldo and Starke, several weeks\\nbefore they can be raised North. There is no country\\nwhere the marketing of peaches, whether fresh or dried,\\ncan be made more lucrative, or where they can be more\\nprofitably canned. This tree is long-lived, healthy, and vig-\\norous throughout Florida, and is never subject to injuries\\nfrom the peach- worm or the diseases which so universally\\nafilict the fruit in the Northern States. The most delicious\\npeaches may be raised almost without care by every family,\\nand in abundance sufiicient even for the economical feeding\\nof swine. The early varieties of this fruit ripen in the be-\\nginning of June, and the latest sorts continue until late in\\nAugust. The earliest and the latest varieties should be\\nchosen for cultivation in Florida, as the rainy season com-\\nmences in July and continues throughout that month, caus-\\ning much of the maturing fruit to crack.\\nThe nectarine, the apricot, and the almond, are all at\\nhome in Florida, and not less vigorous, healthy, or produc-\\ntive than the peach and all who will take the trouble to\\nplant and care for the trees may be assured of an abundant\\nreward.\\nThe plum and the prune are also healthy and productive,\\nbeing entirely exempt from the ravages of the curculio so", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS. 261\\nprevalent at the North. All the varieties of the wild plum\\nare indigenous and abundant in nearly every part of the\\nState. Many of the varieties are of excellent quality, and,\\nwhen cooked, form a delicious preserve for family use or for\\ncanning.\\nPears and quinces are worthy of more attention than\\nthey have heretofore received. It is believed that some\\nvarieties of the former will do well, but as yet their culti-\\nvation has not been sufficiently tested to fix their status\\namong the fruits of Florida. Experiments that have been\\nmade seem to show that the Lecomte pears can be made\\na highly profitable crop. They are nearly as attractive in\\nappearance as the Bartlett, are but little inferior in flavor,\\nand can be put into the New York market at a time when\\nno other pear can be found.\\nThe Peesimmon^. The persimmon is found wild in\\nevery section of the State. The fruit, at least to the na-\\ntives, is agreeable to the taste, and, ripe or dry, is used\\nlargely for the table and for home-made beer. Some Japan\\nvarieties are now being introduced, which are said to be of\\nvery large size, and seedless. The Japanese esteem the\\npersimmon as their most valuable fruit.\\nThe Pomegranate. Pomegranates are of two kinds,\\nthe sweet and sour. The bush is large, graceful in foliage,\\nand beautiful in pendent crimson flowers and fruit. As an\\nornamental tree it is one of the best. The fleshy covering\\nof the seed is a beautiful pink, and has a pleasant, subacid\\ntaste, in flavor not unlike the red currant. The rind is bit-\\nter, and often used medicinally also for domestic coloring\\nand ink.\\nThe Pecan. This tree is valuable as a forest-tree for\\nits lumber, and profitable for its fruit. It is now being ex-\\ntensively planted, requiring only the ordinary care of in-\\ndigenous trees. The cost is trifling. It bears in about ten\\nyears from the seed, growing straight, tall, and graceful.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "262 FLORIDA.\\nIt need not occupy land used for cultivation. Some culti-\\nvators liave set the pecan out so as to make a permanent\\nboundary line of their land.\\nGrapes and Cherries. Most of the American and\\nforeign varieties are easily grown, ripening from June to\\nISTovember. The St. Augustine grape, so called, is a choice\\ngrape for eating or wine. The Scuppernong in all its varie-\\nties is cultivated largely, being a rapid grower, an abun-\\ndant bearer, long-lived, and needing but little pruning or\\ncare. It is found most profitable as a table-grape or for\\nwine. Much attention is being given to the growing of\\ngrapes and the making of wine.\\nThe black cherry is found wild, but the tame or culti-\\nvated cherry does not seem to succeed, though we see no\\nreason why it should not, where fruits of similar habit\\ngrow well.\\nBlackberries and Huckleberries. The low, creep-\\ning blackberry, or dewberry, abounds in old fields and road-\\nsides, and ripens in April. The high -bush, also found in\\nthe same localities, ripens in June and July the huckle-\\nberry about the same time. All bear well, and can be\\nhad for the picking. The improved kinds do well where\\ntried.\\nStrawberries. This queen of small fruits nowhere in\\nthe world finds a better location for culture plants put\\nout in September fruit often in January, frequently in Feb-\\nruary, and may be counted in full bearing and ripening in\\nMarch and April. The growers about Jacksonville and up\\nthe St. John s River are many, and shipments have been\\nmade largely and profitably. In size, color, bouquet, and\\ntaste they are superior to most, equal to the best, and\\nsurpassed by none the best varieties only are grown.\\nThe cultivators pick carefully, select and pack honestly\\nand Florida strawberries, like Florida oranges, have\\nearned a name. By using refrigerators the fruit reaches", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "OTHER TROPICAL FRUITS. 263\\nN ew York and other Northern cities, fresh and cool, only\\nabout four days from picking. Being always in advance\\nof any other locality by some weeks, the first shipments\\nbring large prices, and the demand keeps pace with the\\nsupply.\\n12", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XYII.\\nFIELD AND FARM PEODUCTS.\\nAll tlie crops of all portions of America can be grown\\nin Florida, Some produce better here tban anywbere else,\\notbers no better, a few not so well, but tbey will all grow\\nand produce fair yields. And in all cases they require less\\ncare or labor than elsewhere there is not an exception to\\nthis assertion known of in the long list of productions.\\nBesides, in many cases the same soil can be rej)lanted with\\nthe same or some other product within the same year.\\nOf the various field-crops cotton has by custom ranked\\nas the staple product in this State however, it is one of the\\nleast productive, although it pays as well here as in any\\nother State or country where it can be grown. Sugar is\\nthe king field-product of Florida, and it can hardly be\\ndoubted that ere many years have elapsed a considerable\\nportion of the sugar and molasses that are now imported at\\nthe cost of millions of dollars from Cuba and elsewhere will\\nbe drawn from the soil of the Peninsular State.\\nSugae-Cane. In both climate and soil, Florida is pe-\\nculiarly well adapted for the growth of sugar-cane, the\\nlong period of warm weather and the absence of cold af-\\nfording a longer period for the cane to mature. In Louisi-\\nana, owing to the frosts, the cane never tassels, and has to\\nbe ground as soon as mature in South Florida it always\\ntassels, and can be worked at leisure through a period cov-\\nering several months. What is known in Louisiana as\\nfair land will produce from fifteen hundred to two thou-", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FARM PRODUCTS. 265\\nsand pounds of sugar to the acre rich land, thoroughly\\nfertilized, will produce from two to four thousand pounds.\\nThe black hammock or sugar-lands of Florida will pro-\\nduce at least equally large crops, and it is believed by many\\nplanters that, with fertilizing, the pine-lands will produce\\nas well, and of a better quality. The soils of Central and\\nSouth I lorida are, in general, peculiarly adapted for the cane.\\nHere the cane matures and perfects its seed, and often at-\\ntains a height of from ten to fifteen feet, even when grown\\nfor a number of years on the same land without manure.\\nSugar-cane grows in joints of from three to six or nine\\ninches in length, like the reeds used for fishing-poles, with\\na sort of partition between each two joints of a hard, vege-\\ntable substance. At or near each of these partitions, on\\none side of the cane, is an eye, which is always exactly op-\\nposite to the eye attached to the next joint above or below\\nso that the eyes on a perfect cane together form two rows of\\neyes on opposite sides of the cane. From each of those\\neyes, when covered with earth to the proper depth, proceed\\nthe sprouts and roots which constitute in time the complete\\ncane. Cane does not of necessity require replanting every\\nyear, the stalks being cut in the fall. From the same roots,\\nin the next year, unless the root is injured by cold, drought,\\nor excess of moisture, there springs a second growth of\\nsprouts similar to the first. This subsequent repeated\\ngrowth from the same root is called ratooning, and may\\nbe repeated from year to year for several years. The\\nvalue of these succeeding or ratooning crops is variously\\nestimated, some asserting that it continually deteriorates\\nafter the second year, and others maintaining that with\\ncare it may be ratooned indefinitely. The common oj^in-\\nion is that replanting is necessary once in three or four\\nyears. But Judge Dupont, of Quincy, in Gadsden County,\\none of the northern counties in this State, told me that\\nhe had raised cane from the ratoon six successive years", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "266\\nFLORIDA.\\nwithout either diminution or deterioration. I am informed\\nthat on the lands of Indian River has been raised the nine-\\nteenth crop of cane from the same planting, and on the shore\\nof Lake Worth cane is now growing which has not been re-\\nplanted since the early Indian wars. The probability is, that\\nthe character of the ratoons and the extent of their repeti-\\ntion depend upon the quality of the original seed, the culti-\\nvation, and the fertilization it has received.\\nSUGAH-MILL.\\nWhile cane is one of the hardiest and most certain of all\\nknown crops, and will thrive under neglect that would be\\nfatal to almost anything else, yet it as certainly responds to", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FARM PE0DUGT8, 267\\ndeep and frequent cultivation and generous fertilizing as\\nany crop that can be specified, and its varying yield of\\nfrom five hundred to five thousand pounds to the acre bears\\nunmistakable testimony to the degree of care bestowed\\nupon it. Good cultivation, indeed, will accomplish won-\\nders with the cane and though only the rudest processes\\nof manufacture are as yet employed in Florida the home-\\nmade wooden cylinders are the usual type of mill the re-\\nsults obtained are sometimes fabulous. It is known that\\none small planter near Picolata, during the past year, with\\nno help except that of his own little boy, made from two\\nacres of land forty barrels of sugar and five hundred gal-\\nlons of sirup and I have already told of the planter on\\nIndian River who, with the assistance of one negro man,\\nnetted sixteen hundred dollars for five acres. When the at-\\ntention of capitalists shall have been drawn to the oppor-\\ntunity, and improved processes of manufacture introduced,\\nthere can hardly be a doubt that the production of sugar will\\nbe the leading industry of the State.\\nCotton. Generally sjoeaking, cotton is a safer crop in\\nFlorida than anywhere else but it is subject to some risks\\nfrom drought, rain, cold, and caterpillars, and other crops\\nwhich require less attention and are less dependent upon\\nnegro labor are superseding it. Sea-island or long cotton is\\nraised mostly from the Suwanee River to the ocean, and\\nsouth of latitude 30\u00c2\u00b0. The average product per acre is from\\none hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds, though it\\noften exceeds double that. This species of cotton is only\\nraised on the sea-islands bordering South Carolina, Georgia,\\nand in Florida, the latter State raising over half the total\\ncrop. Short cotton is grown west of the Suwanee to the\\nwestern and northern boundaries of the State it will av-\\nerage from two to five hundred pounds to the acre. In\\ngrade, Florida cotton rates with the best.\\nCoEisr. This great food-staple is grown in all portions", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "268 FLORIDA.\\nof Florida, and the produce here as elsewhere varies accord-\\ning to fertility of soil and cultivation. Ordinary pine-land\\nwill produce, say, ten bushels good hammock-land, tAventy\\nto twenty-five bushels. Governor Drew, in 1878, on com-\\nmon pine-land, which had been cultivated only six years,\\nraised one hundred and thirty bushels to the acre. Of\\ncourse, the land was thoroughly prepared, well manured,\\nand well cultivated. Corn here is planted from February\\nto April, plowed at intervals, laid by in June and July\\nblades stripped for fodder, and stalks with ears left in field\\nto be harvested at leisure. It may be cribbed in field in\\nthe shuck, suffering no damage from weather, or housed in\\ncorn-crib near the dwelling shucked and shelled if for\\nsale or food. When fed to stock, it is fed in shuck. One\\nperson with one mule can easily cultivate from thirty to\\nforty acres, and, as the time from j^lanting to final plowing\\nis only from four to five months, it leaves ample time to\\ncultivate another crop of peas or sweet-potatoes, with same\\nlabor on same land. The corn usually raised is the white\\nvariety, largely used in meal and hominy for food, especial-\\nly at the South. The Northern farmer, who has been used to\\nsee forty to sixty bushels ordinarily raised on the old home-\\nstead, should, in comparing the relative production South\\nand ISTorth, take into consideration cheapness of land, num-\\nber of acres which can be cultivated, time taken to produce\\ncrop, expense of gathering, saving, housing, and also value,\\ntransportation, and its quality. White is best for food.\\nAll things considered, corn is one of the most useful and\\nprofitable crops to raise in Florida.\\nWheat, Rye, and Oats. In the northern and north-\\nwestern section of the State wheat is grown to some extent,\\nbut it is not generally raised as a regular crop. Sown early\\nin the fall, rye and oats do well, affording a good winter\\npasturage. They mature in the early spring, and are not\\nthrashed, being cured and fed to stock in the straw.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "FIELD AED FARM PRODUCTS. 269\\nRice. There are thousands of acres in every section of\\nthe State that are peculiarly adapted to the production of\\nrice, but it has not been cultivated .as yet to any extent,\\nexcept for domestic use. The cultivation is as simple as\\nthat of any cereal, and twenty-five to seventy-five bushels\\nof rough rice to the acre is a fair yield. The idea that rice\\ncan only be successfully grown on low lands that can be\\noverflowed, at certain seasons has proved to be mistaken.\\nWhat is known as upland rice can be grown on any\\nfairly good and well-irrigated soil and the success with\\nwhich this has been cultivated in Florida seems to indicate\\nthat in future, when rice-cleaning machinery has been in-\\ntroduced, this will be one of the great staples of the State.\\nMaturing earlier than in other States, new Florida rice has\\na proportionate advantage.\\nSweet-Potatoes. This article of food is as indispen-\\nsable in all Southern households as rice is to the Chinese,\\nmacaroni to the Italian, or the Irish potato to the Irish-\\nman. White or black, no family is so poor but it has a\\npotato-patch. It yields all the way from one to four hun-\\ndred bushels to the acre, according to soil, cultivation, and\\nseason is grown from root, drawer, and slips is planted\\nfrom June to August, and matures from July to x^ovember.\\nIt is of easy cultivation, and may be dug and safely banked\\nin field and yard, or housed.\\nIrish Potatoes. The common Irish potato grows\\nfairly well in all parts of Florida, but does best in the\\nnorthern and middle sections. The yield is not so large as\\nin the Korth, but will average from one to two hundred\\nbushels per acre, and in choice locations along the St. John s\\nand in North Florida the product is sometimes upward of\\nfour hundred bushels per acre.\\nTobacco. Tobacco will grow anywhere in Florida. A\\nsuperior quality of Cuba tobacco, from imported seed, is\\nmostly grown in Gadsden and adjoining counties, and fully", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "270 FLORIDA.\\nequals the best imported. Before the war it was extensive-\\nly and profitably cultivated, and mostly sold to Germany,\\nagents visiting the State to purchase. It requires careful\\nattention, will yield from five to seven hundred pounds to\\nthe acre, and sells for from twenty to thirty cents a pound.\\nLatterly there is an increasing home and State demand by\\ncigar-manufacturers, and the area of cultivation is extend-\\ning.\\nPeanuts. The peanuts grown in Florida rank with the\\nbest in quantity of production and also in quality. They\\nare largely used on the farm as food for swine, and are\\nremarkably fattening. Almost any soil is suitable for the\\ncrop, the cultivation is simple and inexpensive, and the\\nyield is liberal.\\nMelons. The Northern man, says the writer of the\\nBureau of Immigration pamphlet, who has only seen\\nthe prize melon, pumpkin, squash, and other fruits of simi-\\nlar kind, is astounded at the size of Florida growth. It is\\nno rare thing to see watermelons as large as a nail-keg,\\nweighing seventy pounds, muskmelons twenty to thirty\\npounds, and pumpkins and squashes will often weigh one\\nhundred pounds. A watermelon which does not weigh, at\\nthe least, twenty-five pounds, is considered hardly salable\\nthirty to thirty-five pounds is about the average of the wa-\\ntermelon brought to market. Those raised are of the best-\\nknown varieties, and here the flavor seems more pleasant,\\nand the flesh more crisp and solid, than elsewhere. The\\nraising of them is not a matter of much care they are\\nmostly found in the corn-patch, where they grow unseen\\nand uncared for. Except where raised for shipment North,\\nin recent years, they are grown by truckmen, who ship by\\nthe car-load North and West, the season for sending gen-\\nerally commencing the last of May and continuing until\\nAugust. Muskmelons also are of large size, and delicious\\ncantaloupes are raised easily indeed, vines of all kinds", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FARM PRODUCTS. 271\\nsucceed well, the long, warm season favoring rapid\\ngrowth.\\nJute and Ramie. All the fibrous plants grown in\\nwarm latitudes do well in Florida, and most of them are\\nindigenous. At one time Sisal hemp was extensively grown,\\nbut the Indian war laid waste the country where it was\\nplanted, and the cultivation has not been resumed. Recent-\\nly, the culture of jute and ramie has begun to attract at-\\ntention and, now that machinery for preparing the fiber\\nhas been invented, there can be no doubt that both crops\\nare of the highest commercial importance. It is estimated\\nthat to move our crops of cotton, wheat, and grain requires\\nan expenditure of about twenty-five million dollars annually\\nfor bags and bagging and ramie and jute yield fibers equal\\nto the best brought from the East Indies. For the cultiva-\\ntion of them Florida seems especially well adapted, and\\nboth grow like weeds. The seed of jute should be sown in\\nMarch or April, and it may be cut in June, July, or Au-\\ngust it is estimated that the yield is thirty-five hundred\\npounds per acre, and the crop is sure and cultivation easy.\\nThe prepared fiber is used to make bagging, gunny, coarse\\ncloth, mattings, cheap carpets, and burlaps. The ends of\\nthe stems are used for making paper, as are the old sacks\\nand bags. The stems may be used for garden fences and\\ncoarse baskets, and they make good charcoal for gunpow-\\nder.\\nRamie is a permanent crop once planted, it reproduces\\nitself indefinitely. It is first produced, not from seeds, but\\nfrom small shoots or roots, and about three thousand roots\\n(costing twenty to twenty-five dollars per thousand) are\\nrequired to plant an acre. The crops may be gathered at\\nany season, and four crops may be obtained from the same\\nland each year, averaging five hundred pounds to the acre\\nfor each crop. The crude product is worth twenty to\\ntwenty-five cents per pound prepared properly by machin-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "272 FLORIDA.\\nery, it is nearly as valuable as raw silk. These are the\\ncrojis for North Florida.\\nCassava, Aerow-Root, etc. The cassava, from which\\nstarch and tapioca are made, does astonishingly well in\\nFlorida, and attains great size. The Hon. John G. Sin-\\nclair, of New Hampshire, has erected a cassava starch-mill\\nat Interlaken, in Orange County, and by experiment on his\\nown place he has shown that from four to six hundred\\nbushels to the acre can be raised on high pine-land with\\nlittle fertilizing. The starch yielded by it is excellent in\\nquality, and finds a ready sale to ISTorthern manufacturers.\\nHere, probably, is the germ of a great industry for the\\ncassava can be grown right in the orange-grove without\\ndamaging the trees. Florida arrow-root grades in quality\\nand price with the best Bermuda, and is easily cultivated.\\nComptie, the bread-root of the Indians, grows without any\\ncultivation.\\nTimber a:n d Lumber. Of all the States Florida has\\nthe largest area of original growth of timber. Excluding\\nland in cultivation, the area covered by lakes, rivers, savan-\\nnas, etc., there are probably nearly, if not quite, thirty mill-\\nion acres of land covered with timber, and of this the yellow\\npine is fully three quarters. The level and rolling lands\\nare mostly covered with the yellow and pitch pine, which\\nattains a great size in girth and length. The lower lands\\nnear rivers, lakes, and swamps abound in valuable timber,\\nof which live-oak, other species of oak, hickory, ash, birch,\\ncedar, magnolia, sweet-bay, gum, and cypress constitute a\\ngreat proportion. The red cedar is particularly adapted for\\nlead-pencils, and is largely exported to Europe for the best\\nmanufactures, as also North and East. The magnolia and\\nbay are fine woods for ornamental furniture the cypress is\\nvaluable for shingles, sash, doors, blinds, and inside finish,\\nrailroad-ties, etc. The yellow and pitch pines have a world-\\nwide reputation as being the best for any and all uses where", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FARM PRODUCTS.\\n273", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "274 FLORIDA.\\nstrength, elasticity, and durability are desired, and are now\\nbeing largely used in ornamental and expensive structures.\\nFinisbed up in its natural grain for inside work, floors,\\nframes, j^illars, arches, and roofs, it presents that substan-\\ntial as well as rich finish not attained with other material.\\nWhile there are many mills on the Atlantic and Gulf sides,\\nand a few on the railroad, which manufacture pine lumber,\\nas yet the consumption is small, and future supply is as-\\nsured for years. Recently some cedar mills have been built\\nwhich prej^are the wood of size for pencils. Most of the\\ncedar, however, is shipped in the log, roughly hewed. Some\\noak and hickory is shipped in rough-hewed sticks, but as\\nyet not much use is made of the hard woods. Lumber of\\nfair quality sells for from five to fifteen dollars per thou-\\nsand feet at the mill.\\nYEGETABLE-GARDEismsTG, In Other portions of the book\\nI have already cited a number of instances of the extraor-\\ndinary success attained in vegetable-gardening, and will\\ntherefore content myself here with a few general state-\\nments. In Middle and South Florida fresh vegetables may\\nbe had during each and every month of the year, and there\\nis no portion of the United States where the ordinary gar-\\nden-vegetables produce so abundantly or attain such mar-\\nvelous size. Recently, the raising of early vegetables for\\nthe Northern markets has attained the dimensions of a lead-\\ning industry rivaling in magnitude and profitableness the\\nproduction of tropical fruits. Tomatoes, cucumbers, green\\npeas, egg-plants, strawberries, and the like, can readily be\\nplaced upon Northern tables at a season when such vegeta-\\nbles have hardly begun to be planted in the New England\\nand Middle States and the price obtained for them at\\nsuch times affords an almost incredible profit. Indeed,\\ncomparing results for a series of years, it is probable that\\nthe vegetable-gardener will be able to show returns sur-\\npassing those of even the most successful orange-growers", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FARM PRODUCTS. 275\\nand of course the results are secured very much sooner, and\\nwith less original outlay.\\nAt present the most successful vegetable-gardening is\\ndone along the line of the Transit Railroad and on the\\nlower St. John s, near Jacksonville but all portions of the\\nState are well adapted for it, and South Florida has a lit-\\ntle the advantage in the matter of earliness of season and\\nfreedom from frost. Wherever transportation facilities are\\nsecured, there gardening for profit can be undertaken\\nwith confidence and as most vegetables can be raised in a\\nyoung orange-grove without injury to the trees with ben-\\nefit, if properly attended to the development of the indus-\\ntry will probably be enormous in the future when the North\\nhas come to rely upon Florida for its early vegetables, and\\nwhen railway and steamer lines have prepared themselves\\nfor the expeditious performance of the business.\\nWhen^ and what to plant. The following valuable\\nsuggestions on this head are copied verhatim from the\\nofiicial pamphlet prepared for and published by the State\\nBureau of Immigration\\nNo precise instructions would be strictly applicable\\nfor all parts of Florida we give briefly what may gener-\\nally be safely adopted for Florida say at and north of lati-\\ntude 29\u00c2\u00b0 south of 29\u00c2\u00b0 a year s experience and information\\nwill safely guide. One thing is favorable the period of\\nplanting any special crops covers weeks and months, so that\\nfailure from exceptional circumstances need not occur.\\nIn Jcmicary plant Irish potatoes, peas, beets, turnips,\\ncabbages, and all hardy or semi-hardy vegetables make\\nhot-beds for pushing the more tender plants, such as mel-\\nons, tomatoes, okra, egg-plants, etc.; set out fruit and other\\ntrees, and shrubbery.\\nFebruary. Keep planting for a succession, same as in\\nJanuary in addition, plant vines of all kinds, shrubbery,\\nand fruit-trees of all kinds, especially of the citrus family,\\nsnap-beans, corn bed sweet-potatoes for draws and slips.\\nOats may also be still sown, as they are in previous months.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "276 FLO BID A.\\nMarch. Corn, oats, and planting of February may be\\ncontinued transplant tomatoes, egg-plants, melons, beans,\\nand vines of all kinds mulberries and blackberries are nov/\\nripening.\\nApril. Plant as in March, except Irish potatoes, kohl-\\nrabi, turnips continue to transplant potatoes, okra, egg-\\nplants sow millet, corn, cow-peas, for fodder plant the\\nbutter-bean, lady-peas dig Irish potatoes. Onions, beets,\\nand usual early vegetables should be plenty for table.\\nMay. Plant sweet-potatoes for draws in beds con-\\ntinue planting corn for table snap-beans, j^eas, and cucum-\\nbers ought to be well forward for use continue planting\\nokra, egg-plants, pepper, and butter-beans.\\nJune. The heavy planting of sweet-potatoes and cow-\\npeas is now in order Irish potatoes, tomatoes, and a great\\nvariety of table vegetables are now ready, as also plums,\\nearly peaches, and grapes.\\nJuly. Sweet-potatoes and cow-peas are safe to plant,\\nthe rainy season being favorable grapes, peaches, and figs\\nare^in full season. Orange-trees may be set out if the sea-\\nson is wet.\\nAugust. Finish up planting sweet-potatoes and cow-\\npeas sow cabbage, cauliflower, turnips for fall planting\\nplant kohl-rabi and ruta-bagas transplant orange-trees and\\nbud last of month plant a few Irish potatoes and beans.\\nSeptember. ISTow is the time to commence for the\\ntrue winter garden, the garden which is commenced in the\\nNorth in April and May. Plant the whole range of vege-\\ntables except sweet-potatoes set out asparagus, onion-sets,\\nand strawberry-plants.\\nOctober. Plant same as last month put in garden\\npeas set out cabbage-plants dig sweet-potatoes sow\\noats, rye, etc.\\nNovember. A good month for garden continue to\\nplant and transplant, same as for October sow oats, bar-\\nley, and rye for winter pasturage or crops dig sweet-pota-\\ntoes house or bank them make sugar and sirup.\\nDecember. Clear up generally fence, ditch, manure,\\nand sow and plant hardy vegetables plant, set out orange-\\ntrees, fruit-trees, and shrubbery keep a sharp lookout\\nfor an occasional frost a slight protection will prevent\\ninjury.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "FIELD AND FABM PRODUCTS. 277\\nIt will be seen from the above that there is no month\\nin the year but what fresh and growing vegetables can be\\nhad for sale and domestic use. This latter is a large item\\nin expense of living. The soil is so easily worked, so easily\\ncultivated, that most of garden-work can be performed by\\neven delicate ladies, and young children of both sexes.\\nIndeed, most Florida gardens are so made no frozen clods\\nto break or rocks to remove. A garden once put in con-\\ndition, properly managed, will produce abundantly and\\nconstantly. The rapid growth assures large and tender\\nvegetables, early and luscious fruit. A single season will\\nafford strawberries from the setting out, ri]3e figs from two-\\nyear-old cuttings, grapes the second year, peaches the sec-\\nond and third years, oranges from the bud in three to five\\nyears. At a little cost, a little care, one can literally sit\\nunder his own vine and fig-tree, and enjoy fresh-plucked\\nfruit the whole year.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XVIII.\\nLIVE-STOCK.\\nThe first sight of a pure in-and-in-bred Florida bog or\\ncow is not calculated to impart to tbe visitor from nortb-\\nern climes, especially if be be from tbe stock-regions, a very\\nfavorable impression of Florida as a stock-raising State.\\nTbe bog, tbe genuine cracker bazel-splitter, is a lean,\\nlank, wiry, quick-motioned beast a deer in bog sbape. It\\nis a slander on tbe portentously fat porkers of Illinois to\\ncall tbe Florida specimen a bog at all. From tbe snout to\\ntbe tail be is all of a size, and tbe bead is one tbird of tbe\\ntotal length, the long and thin body being placed on no-\\nticeably long and thin legs. And bow he can run, or root\\nTbe tourist always enjoys a hearty laugh when told Those\\nare hogs, and innumerable are the puns and jokes at their\\nexpense. Tbe well-to-do Northern or Western farmer visit-\\ning here is very sure to view them with downright con-\\ntempt, and to form a very decided opinion about the fitness,\\nor unfitness mostly the latter of Florida as a stock State.\\nBut such a hastily formed conclusion would be a great\\nmistake. Florida is a first-class State for live-stock, and\\nno one should feel any confidence in an opinion based on tbe\\nspecimens of wild, uncared-for stock found roaming about\\nthe woods.\\nIt should be said, moreover, that tbe Florida bog, in\\nspite of his looks, has many good points which deserve\\nrecognition. In tbe first place, bis meat is always tender\\nand good and bis lean bams are delicious, either dried,", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "LIVE-STOCK. 279\\nsmoked, or salted. And it must be considered that tlie\\nnative hogs are descended from a common, Spanish scrub-\\nbreed brought here centuries ago among the droves landed\\nhere for the use of the soldiers of De Soto that they\\nare never penned, carefully attended to, or well fed. In\\nfact, no care whatever is taken of them by their owners,\\nbut they roam about, feeding themselves, which makes them\\nwild and lean. An owner having, probably, as many as\\ntwo hundred hogs, rarely sees them, but hunts them up from\\ntime to time, and shoots one for table-food. If he wishes\\nto sell a number for market, he hunts them uj), drives them\\ninto a pen, and so disposes of them in a lump.\\nHogs thrive excellently in all parts of the State, espe-\\ncially in the northern tier of counties indeed, better hogs\\ncan not be found in the United States than those raised in\\nN^orthern Florida. I have seen as fine, large, fat hogs there\\nas ever were raised out West, especially among the farmers\\nin Leon, Gadsden, Madison, and Jefferson Counties. But all\\ncounties are equally good. And those farmers they are\\nfew, however, as yet who have imported fine-blooded, im-\\nproved stock can always show as creditable porkers as can\\nbe raised anywhere. It is said, too, that no disease has\\never appeared among swine in Florida. They are, in all\\nrespects, a very profitable property, involving little care or\\nexpense, and always sure of finding a good market. There\\nis probably no portion of the United States in which the\\nfood that hogs require can be obtained with less expense,\\nor raised with less labor, than in Florida.\\nIn regard to sheep, some of the largest and best flocks\\nin the country are found on the farms in the hilly, well-\\nwatered, and grassy sections of ISTorthern Florida. They do\\nbest in that part of the State, it being too warm in the\\nsouthern counties to make it desirable or humane to try to\\nraise them there. Jackson County is j)reeminent for sheep-\\nraising, but, in any of the twenty-three fine, healthy coun-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "280\\nFLORIDA.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "LIVE-STOCK, 281\\nties that compose Northern Florida, they do splendidly.\\nEverything is in their favor climate, food, water, soil, and\\nmarkets. The northern part of Florida, it should be borne\\nin mind, is not a tropical fruit region, but for stock-raising\\nof the easiest, most profitable kind, it can not be excelled\\nby any section of the United States.\\nCattle-raising has long been one of the principal and\\nmost profitable of all the many resources of Florida, and\\nstrange as it may appear, it is most extensively carried, on\\nin the extreme southern portion of the State. There is no\\ndoubt that E^orthern Florida is unexcelled for cattle-raising,\\nalthough at present, and for many years past, it has been\\nmost extensive in the southern part, on the Gulf. Punta\\nRassa, at the extreme southern end of Charlotte Harbor, is\\nthe third port in the United States for cattle-shipments\\nand the vast savannas, or prairies, in that region, are grazed\\nby thousands of heads. Cattle -herding is about the easiest\\noccupation in the State, but it takes capital to start in it,\\nand it requires time to develop it. As to the grade of cat-\\ntle, it is the same as with the hogs the native breeds are\\nsmall and extremely unpromising in appearance but, as\\nin the case of hogs, this is all for lack of care and breeding,\\nand where high-grade, blooded cattle are introduced, and\\nare attended to with anything like the attention given by\\nNorthern stockmen, they do just as well as anywhere, and\\ninvolve far less expense and labor.\\nIt is often remarked as strange by the visitor to Florida,\\nand is undoubtedly true, that in a State where cattle abound\\nand may be kept almost for nothing, such a thing as fresh\\nmilk is almost unprocurable. In the remotest districts,\\ncanned milk brought from the North is constantly used\\nand in a herd of cattle numbering hundreds there is not a\\nsingle milch-cow. This, however, is due to the custom\\nof the country, and not to any difficulty that is encoun-\\ntered in keeping good milch-cows in Florida. There as else-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "282 FLORIDA.\\nwhere, of course, they require attention, and can not be left\\nto gather all their food in the woods and swamps, as is done\\nwith ordinary stock-cattle but it has been proved* in in-\\nnumerable instances that cows properly fed and properly\\nlooked after will give milk as good in quality and as abun-\\ndant in quantity as similar cows will give anywhere. This,\\nhowever, is true only of cows that have become acclimated,\\nand those of the choicer Northern and foreign breeds are\\nnot easily acclimated. The best and surest milch-cow is\\nwhat is known as the Georgia cow one brought from\\nthe neighboring State of Georgia and next to these are\\nthe native cows that have been separated from the ordi-\\nnary cattle while heifers, and treated as animals from\\nwhom milk is desired should be treated everywhere. I\\nam inclined to think that there is nothing to which Flor-\\nida farmers could more profitably give their attention than\\nto the j)roduction of a good breed of milk-giving cows\\nadapted to the peculiar local conditions.\\nHorses, when kept properly stabled out of the sun and\\ndews, and fed and groomed as any good horse should be,\\nthrive as well in Florida as in any other portion of the\\nSouth. The principal drawback in keeping a horse in\\ngood condition, especially in the towns and cities of Mid-\\ndle and South Florida, is the sandy roads. Out in the\\nlittle-traveled country and in the woods, the roads are well\\nenough, and a horse can trot along as well as anywhere\\nbut in the towns, where the roads are deeply cut up, it is\\nvery hard upon all draught-animals, and great care should\\nbe taken not to overload or overwork them. In particular,\\na good horse should not be intrusted to the care of a col-\\nored hostler or driver, if you care much for the horse. A\\nmule is best adapted to a negro teamster it being among\\nthe predestinate things of nature that negroes and mules\\nshould come together.\\nSandy roads are the worst feature of life in Florida,", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "LIVE-STOCK. 283\\nand will be for many years, for tliere is no method of\\neffectually im]3roving them except at great expense. The\\nroads in Northern Florida are free of sand, except in a very\\nfew localities, and are as good as any country roads in the\\nwhole country, and in some localities in the southern coun-\\nties there are also good stretches of roads but in the lat-\\nter section generally they are sandy to a degree that it is\\nmore easy to resent than to describe. This prevents much\\ncarriage-riding or walking on the roads, and is the princi-\\npal cause of the very little visiting among neighbors in the\\nscattered settlements, where it is quite noticeable that the\\nwomen seldom exchange visits, or indulge in calls, as is\\nthe very popular custom among their Northern sisters.\\nBut in those counties where the roads are sandiest are\\nfound the most numerous lakes indeed, the whole region is\\na network of lakes, and the settlers homes are generally\\nbordering on or adjacent to a lake. These lake-side dwell-\\ners are sure to have a row-boat, and in such cases visits are\\nmore frequently interchanged among the accessible neigh-\\nbors. Saddles, row boats, steamers, and railroads will al-\\nways be the principal methods of travel and intercom-\\nmunication. Carriages for pleasure, or wagons for labor,\\nwill never be so common, or so necessary, as elsewhere.\\nIn the case of horses, as in that of cows, the Northern-\\nraised animals, especially the fancy breeds, do not do well\\nin Florida, particularly if any work is required of them.\\nThe Western horses would probably be found better adapt-\\ned to the climate and other conditions, but they have not\\nyet been introduced in any considerable numbers. The\\nnative horse is a small, bony, pot-bellied animal, very\\nshabby-looking and destitute of style, but capable of\\nmore work on a scantier supply of provender than any\\nother creature with which I am acquainted, except a mule.\\nThe demand for horses in Florida at present much exceeds\\nthe supply, and the prices are consequently disproportion-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "284 FLORIDA.\\nately higli, and this is another department of stock-raising\\nto which farmers should give more attention. Specimens\\nthat I have seen show that under proper care and treatment\\nthe native variety is capable of being made a very present-\\nable as well as serviceable animal.\\nBarn-yard fowls of every description do remarkably well\\nin all sections of the State. Eggs and chickens are a cer-\\ntainty at all seasons of the year, and the only thing from\\nwhich they need protection is the pilfering fingers of the\\nnegroes. As a flock of fowls is very useful in keeping the\\ninsects out of an orange-grove, they may be allowed con-\\nsiderable space for roaming, and under these conditions\\nwould require but very little additional feeding. More-\\nover, it pays to raise them, as the demand in the vicinity\\nof towns or settlements nearly always exceeds the supply,\\nand the prices asked and obtained for them are surprisingly\\nhigh.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XIX.\\nrUE, FllSr, AISTD FEATHEE.\\nOppoetuxities for the sportsman are wonderfully abun-\\ndant in all sections of Floi ida the variety of game and\\nfish being undoubtedly greater than in any other region of\\nequal size in the world.\\nIn all parts of the State are large clear- water springs,\\nponds, lakes, bayous, and rivers. These fresh-water bodies\\nare literally alive with fish, principally black bass, pike,\\ngrunts, sheep s-head, all varieties of perch, bream, etc.\\nAlong the entire salt water coast, with all the harbors,\\nbays, sounds, and inlets, the fishing is simply superb, in-\\ncluding mackerel, mullet, salt-water trout, sea-bass, whiting,\\nred snapper, pompano, cavalli in fact, the variety is innu-\\nmerable. Wherever you find water in all Florida, fresh or\\nsalt, you will find inexhaustible opportunity for the exer-\\ncise of the angler s art.\\nAll along the coasts, too, especially the lower Atlantic\\nand Gulf coasts, green turtles are very plentiful. Some of\\nthem are monsters in size, and turtle-hunting (also hunting\\nfor their eggs) is very attractive sport. Often one hun-\\ndred and fifty to three hundred eggs are found in a nest\\nthey are delicious eating, like the turtle itself, which is so\\ngreatly relished by the epicure everywhere. Oysters in\\ncountless millions line the shores, and are everywhere\\ncheap and excellent.\\nThey speak of trout-fishing here, but it is a mistake.\\nThe trout, the dainty, golden, speckled trout of [N orthern", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "286 FLORIDA.\\nwaters, does not exist in Florida. What is here called the\\ntrout is in reality the Oswego black bass, which, as is well\\nknown, is a nice, gamy, delicious fish, but not the dainty\\naristocrat of Northern streams.\\nEverybody fishes, or at least can fish, in Florida, and I\\nhave enjoyed many pleasant trips with jolly fishing-j^arties\\nin various parts of the State. At Cedar Keys I once saw\\nthree housewives grouped on the long railroad-pier there,\\neach ensconced under an umbrella, and all comfortably fish-\\ning in the most neighborly, sociable, matter-of-fact manner.\\nIt was a very common event with them they were merely\\nout marketing for their dinner a large, free market, very\\nconvenient indeed. One of them showed me two fine,\\nplump, six or seven pounders, her catch in about fifteen min-\\nutes.\\nFishing is always made additionally interesting in Flor-\\nida by the great variety of strange and curious creatures\\nthat are constantly being captured, and are rarely seen else-\\nwhere.\\nOf feathered game the variety and quantity are almost\\nas great as of the fish. It is practically unlimited every-\\nwhere in the State. At the place where I resided in the\\nsummer of 1880 and there were ten men there in the party\\nI have seen several coveys of quail all at one time feed-\\ning about in the yard, or among the orange-trees, often ap-\\nproaching within ten feet of the veranda where we were\\nseated, and glancing up at us without a shade of fear or\\ntimidity. Everywhere they feed about in the barn-yards\\namong the common fowls (except, of course, right in the\\ntowns and villages) and in a ride of a mile I have fre-\\nquently seen a dozen coveys scudding across the roadway\\nbut a few steps distant.\\nNo other bird is quite so abundant, perhaps, as the quail\\nbut, according to Hallock s Camp-Life in Florida, the\\ngame-birds include the wild-turkey, the Canada goose, the", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "FUE, FIN, AND :B FATHER. 287\\nmallard, the canvas-back, tlie teal, the black duck, the scaup-\\nduck, the red-head duck, the wood-duck, the ruddy duck,\\nthe raft-duck, the green wingtail, the blue wingtail, snipe,\\ngolden plover, piping plover, black-billed plover, woodcock,\\n3^ellow-legs, woodpeckers, godwits, curlew, black-necked\\nstilt, larks, rails, herons, cranes, kingfishers, and ibis. There\\nare also eagles, vultures, hawks of several varieties, crows,\\nowls, coots, loons, pelicans, and paroquets. There is hardly\\na section of the State in which some of these species are\\nnot abundant, and there is no season of the year when the\\nsportsman need seek far for his prey.\\nOf furred game many kinds are found. Among the larger\\ngame there are the bear, the panther, the lynx, the gray\\nwolf, the gray fox, and the wild-cat. Deer (of a very small\\nsize) are found nearly every where, but are most abundant\\nin the southern and western countie3, and especially in the\\nlarger islands. Hunting them is probably the best sport\\nthat Florida aifords.\\nEarly one morning in Brooksville, while I was in one of\\nthe little groceries there, an old cracker, one of the\\ngenuine native sort, came riding up. He was an interest-\\ning specimen his appearance, costume, and language were\\nall cracker, and his horse, equipments, and gun were\\ncuriosities. He dryly remarked, and his language was\\nplain, that he were gwine arter a de-eer fur dinner, fur\\nthe old ooman say her war outer meat. About two hours\\nlater I was interested to see him again ride up with a fine,\\nfat, two-year-old buck thrown across his nag. He had\\nfound his meat, and the body was yet warm. Evidently\\ndeer are plentiful thereabout, and he knew where to find\\nthem.\\nBears and panthers are somewhat scarce. Their haunts\\nare mostly on the islands and in the southern counties but\\nthey are scared up in all parts of the State, usually right\\nwhere and when least expected, of course. As game they\\n13", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "288\\nFLORIDA.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "FUR, FIN, AND FEATHER. 289\\nare rather difficult to find, except for a party specially hunt-\\ning them, and prepared to go to the remoter sections of the\\nState, where settlers are few.\\nAlligator-shooting is too easy to be mentioned among\\nthe resources of the genuine sj)ortsman. It may be enjoyed\\nanywhere, especially on the upper St. John s and in the\\nswamps but, like buffalo-shooting out West, it is so tame,\\nafter the first excitement of seeing this peculiar game, that\\nit becomes rather tiresome. The killing of them has now\\nbecome a regular occupation, the skins being an article of\\ncommerce and exported in large quantities. The smaller\\ngame is extremely plentiful everywhere, and includes rac-\\ncoons, opossums, squirrels (the Southern fox-squirrel and\\nthe gray squirrel), and rabbits.\\nOf Florida, much more accurately than of most other\\nplaces to which the term is apj^lied, it may be said that it\\nis a paradise for sportsmen. In the immediate vicinity\\neven of such centers of population as Jacksonville, St. Au-\\ngustine, and Tallahassee, says a trustworthy writer, there\\nis excellent sport for either the angler or the huntsman, and\\nit is only necessary to penetrate a short distance into the\\ncountry in any direction in order to find game incredible in\\nquantity and variety. One great advantage which Florida\\noffers to sportsmen is that, owing to the extreme mildness\\nof its climate, what is called roughing it is a much less\\ntrying process than perhaps anywhere else in America. By\\ntaking only the most obvious precautions as to clothing,\\netc., even invalids may camp out for weeks with substan-\\ntially no risk and, so much of the locomotion being by\\nwater, there is comparatively little likelihood of exhausting\\nfatigue. Some of the most ardent of every season s sports-\\nmen belong to the class of consumptives who, before\\nreaching Florida, were afraid to venture out of the house\\nafter sunset.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XX.\\nINSECTS AND EEPTILES.\\nBecause Florida is a semi-tropical region, it is quite\\ngenerally the opinion of people in other regions that it is\\nthe natural home of all kinds and varieties of hideous, poi-\\nsonous, troublesome reptiles, insects, and bugs, that creep,\\ncrawl, or fly. Such pests are always supposed to dwell in\\nwarm climes, and the name of India, Mexico, or any tropi-\\ncal region, at once suggests tarantulas, boa-constrictors,\\nvampires, and fleas and doubtless the great majority of\\npeople entertain a very similar opinion of Florida, and per-\\nhaps firmly believe that on this account human life in mid-\\nsummer is all but intolerable there. Such an opinion is\\nanother of the many erroneous ones about Florida that are\\ncurrent among those who have not seen for themselves. It\\nis a wrong belief, and will require but a short chapter to\\nrefute it.\\nAlligators exist in all portions of the State where there\\nare any marshy, wet, swampy jungles or lakes but they\\nare not a pest, they are quite cowardly, and the largest of\\nthem will run from a child of six years, unless actually cor-\\nnered, or cut off from their retreat in the nearest water.\\nThe exception, of an alligator attacking any one, is as rare\\nas the runaways of an old family horse. It may happen,\\nbut as a matter of fact very rarely does happen. Instead\\nof a danger, they are merely an object of curiosity to all\\nresidents and visitors.\\nThese great reptiles propagate their species from eggs,", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "INSECTS AND REPTILES. 291\\nwhich the female deposits in large numbers in the muddy\\nrecesses of the shores of their haunts. She digs out a spa-\\ncious hole, and depositing the eggs several hundreds in\\nnumber at one time, proceeds to cover them, and when\\nshe has erected a stout earthwork over them her maternal\\nduties are entirely finished with that brood. After a\\nlengthy period (the precise time is variously given by dif-\\nferent authorities) the little gators come forth, and, with\\nunerring instinct, make a direct line, over all obstacles, to\\nthe water while, with equally unerring but cannibalistic\\ninstinct, the big alligators that may happen to be in the\\nvicinity at once proceed to devour the little ones.\\nOf snakes there are but ten or eleven species in Florida,\\nand only five of these are poisonous the rattlesnake, the\\ncotton-mouthed moccasin, the water-moccasin, and two\\nkinds of adders. The king-snake, the bull or gopher snake,\\nthe black snake, the coach-whip, and the common ground-\\nsnake, are the harmless species. Of these last mentioned,\\ntwo kinds the black and the king snakes are the friends\\nof humankind, for they wage relentless and usually vic-\\ntorious warfare upon all others of their loathsome species.\\nBut, after all, there are very few snakes in Florida, and\\nthey are rarely found save in dense undergrowth or in sel-\\ndom-visited regions. I have traveled over many portions\\nof the State, and been much in the woods and underbrush\\nin South Florida, and I never saw a deadly snake in fact.\\nI saw but one coach-whip and five or six black snakes,\\nN or have I met anybody that has seen more than a very\\nfew deadly snakes. To see two or three in a residence of\\nhalf a dozen years seems to be about the average. Their\\nscarcity is principally due to the numerous hogs, deer, owls,\\nhawks, coons, and skunks, all of which are deadly enemies\\nto them, and to the extensive fires that annually burn over\\nthe underbrush of large tracts of land.\\nThere is also a species of centiped that is poisonous, its", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "292 FLORIDA.\\nsting being about as virulent as that of a mad liornet but\\nthese pests are scarce, and are not considered a danger.\\nThe same is the case with a small species of scorpion, and\\na similar species known as a grampus.\\nFlies are very few, noticeably so in the case of the com-\\nmon house-fly there are several varieties of horse-flies\\nthat are not especially troublesome to the horses, but are\\nremarkable for their great size often an inch and three\\neighths long. There is also a fly of about the same large\\nsize, mostly found around horses, and commonly known as\\nthe horse-guard, for it never lights on horses, buzzes in\\ntheir faces, or worries them in the least, but gobbles in any\\nand all flies that light on the horse, devouring the little\\nflies, but only eating the heads off of the larger ones.\\nMosquitoes are as elsewhere a great nuisance, where\\nthey exist. Their season is in the months of April, May,\\nJune, and July and they are very few in other months.\\nIn many localities none are to be found at any season and\\nin the greater j)ortions of those localities where they exist,\\nthey do not come in clouds or swarms. It is only in\\nsome peculiarly low and swampy location that they annoy\\none as they do in New Jersey and Michigan.\\nThe little black gnat and the tiny sand-fly are the\\nmost villainous torments. These, indeed, are perfect pests,\\nbut they are only in full bloom from August to early\\nISTovember. A thin veil worn like a cap over the head en-\\ntirely protects you from all annoyance from them, for they\\ndo not bite or sting, but are simply possessed with a raven-\\nous desire to explore one s eyes and ears. They are not\\ngeneral to the State, but are found in a few sections only,\\nand are not at all poisonous.\\nIf you walk through the woods, especially among old\\npine -logs, there is a red-bug, a minute insect, which fre-\\nquently attacks your ankles and bites, but you are only\\nmade aware of it by the pimple or scar it does not poison", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "INSECTS AND REPTILES, 293\\ntlie flesh. You can escape their bother by each morning\\nor evening bathing the ankles with ammonia or camphor,\\nor by rubbing them with vaseline that is, if you must be\\nout in the woods. Also, in the autumn, if you are out in\\nthe swamps, there is a wood-tick that assaults you, very\\nmuch like the red-bug, but its effect and the remedy are\\nprecisely the same as with the red-bug.\\nFleas are undoubtedly a great pest, but as their cause is\\nwell understood it is not impossible to keep reasonably free\\nof them. They are due to the innumerable dogs, hogs,\\nand other live-stock that are allowed free range every-\\nwhere and if these are kept at a respectful distance and\\nrigidly excluded from the house, fleas also will be apt to be\\nconspicuous by their absence.\\nAround dwellings there is a species of cockroach, of\\nmammoth size, which sometimes causes a good deal of an-\\nnoyance. They are not very numerous, however, are very\\nshy and clumsy, and may easily be got rid of by the means\\nthat are found efiicient elsewhere.\\nThe foregoing list includes, I believe, all the insect pests\\nand annoyances that are liable to trouble one in Florida.\\nOf these, very few invade the house that is, if it is a\\nhouse as understood in the Northern States a neat, clean,\\nwholesome abode but if you can be brought to inhabit a\\nflimsily constructed, dirty cracker cabin, open for every-\\nthing to enter, they will very probably visit you, and may\\neven be induced to take up a permanent residence.\\nAs a final word I would say that if one lives civilized,\\nkeeps clean as to house and person, and uses mosquito-bars\\nand nettings for the beds and screens for windows and\\ndoors, just as is done at the North, the insects are no more\\ntroublesome here than there.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXI.\\nOPPOETUNITIES FOR LABOR AND CAPITAL.\\nThe first and greatest need of Florida is population. It\\nis beyond all other regions of America the most favored\\nfor poor people with little capital but of industrious disposi-\\ntion, able and willing to work. Capital and wealth are al-\\nways w^elcome everywhere, but it is an established fact that,\\nwherever labor leads, capital always quickly follows. Look\\nat the history of all our Western States. It was always\\nthe case that the poor pioneer emigrant with a rifle, and an\\naxe or spade, hewed the first pathway. It was the wheel-\\nbarrow emigrant that opened up the great mining regions\\nof the Rocky Mountains then came the small storekeepers,\\nthen the wholesale dealers, then the bankers the real capi-\\ntalists railroads, and telegraphs and thus w^ere States\\nfounded and solid prosperity established.\\nBy all means let the poor people come to Florida, for\\nnowhere can they live so cheaply, and so quickly earn a\\nliving while, if they are at all industrious and possessed\\nof common good judgment, they can soon accumulate a\\ncompetency. If they can bring a little money, sufficient to\\nobtain a few acres of land at cheapest rates or to take up a\\nhomestead on the public lands, to build a cheap cottage,\\nand to subsist for six months, so much the better they are\\nthen sure to succeed and gradually better their condition.\\nBut even if empty-handed, let them come, for employment\\ncan surely be found to preserve life and give the new-\\ncomer time to look about for a better chance.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "OPPORTUNITIES FOR LABOR AND CAPITAL. 295\\nStudy tlie advantages of Florida, with its many and\\nrapidly increasing lines of water and rail communications\\nto all parts of the country, cheap rates, and rapid transit\\nthen turn to those offered to the poor man in the far-off,\\nbleak, inhospitable West of vast, treeless, waterless, fruit-\\nless plains, or comfortless mountains where railroads are\\nthe only means of transit, and they are in nearly all cases\\nwithout competition, have high rates, and, being generally\\nmonopolists of the soil of their section, hold the settler in\\nan iron grasp where ISTature offers nothing but a place to\\nbreathe in, and only by hardest labor and through constant\\nstruggle can life be sustained.\\nAn important consideration for the settler is that Flor-\\nida is emphatically a region of health, and of the activities\\nwhich come from health. There is no such thing as ener-\\nvating effects, etc., on the settler in this region. It is not\\nfar enough south. I find everywhere, among the people\\nhere from colder climes, the same activity of brain and\\nbody, the same effort to improve, as among the people of\\nany other locality.\\nLook about Florida see the new towns springing up\\neverywhere the railroads, steamboat lines, mills, factories,\\nstores, new residences, new apf)liances for cultivation of the\\nsoil, machinery, implements, new schemes for raising, in-\\ncreasing, marketing, shipping, and obtaining profits from\\nall soil products are not these conclusive evidences of the\\nvigor and activity of the new-comers\\nFor, with very few exceptions, it is the Northern people,\\nso rapidly moving in here, that are developing the true re-\\nsources and capabilities of the State, and who are engaged in\\nall the enterprises of private or public benefit. Everywhere\\nthey are planning new improvements, draining swamps,\\nlocating town-sites, laying out streets and lots, clearing\\nlarge tracts of fertile soil, setting out orange-groves, experi-\\nmenting with new crops, opening stores, founding churches", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "296 FLORIDA.\\nand scliools, erecting saw-mills, cassava-mills, and fruit-pre-\\nserving establishments, building new railroads, putting new\\nsteamboats on all these waters, hunting out new springs,\\nbuilding new hotels in fact, civilizing this entire region.\\nEverywhere the labor, the enterprise, and the money of the\\nISTorthern-born settler are apparent.\\nThe old slaveholding element, with its aristocratic and\\nexclusive ideas, is very small in Florida, and that small\\nnumber is only found in a few places in the northern coun-\\nties. Moreover, the visitor or settler will find these people\\n(I mean the better class of the old-time slaveholding plant-\\ners) at heart very good, hospitable, and kindly-disposed\\npeople. Such has always been my experience, and I have\\nmet many of them.\\nI believe none of these people desire a return to slavery\\ntimes and customs and, leaving out the bitterness natural\\nto humankind when defeated, I believe they honestly wish\\nto see Northern people settle here.\\nThe cracker element, the poor white trash, are too\\nfew in number and too insignificant in influence for special\\nattention. They are, as a class, merely white barbarians,\\nrapidly dwindling away and, as new settlers move in, the\\ncracker moves off.\\nCapitalists can also find in Florida a broad field for the\\ninvestment of money. Banks are greatly needed in sev-\\neral of the new towns. The exchange on the sales of the\\ngreat crops and the vast amount of goods being brought\\nin every week, not by seasons but continuously, and all\\nsuch commercial transactions, make the need of banking-\\nhouses very great. The arrivals of steamers at Sanford\\nand such principal points on the St. John s average about\\nthirty each week, and their cargoes each way, and passen-\\nger-lists, are indubitable evidence of healthy commerce\\nand increasing prosperity, where money is plentiful and\\nwell employed. The State laws regarding security for cash", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "OPPORTUNITIES FOR LABOR AND CAPITAL. 297\\nadvanced are of the most favorable kind, giving the money-\\nlender safe and certain aid without entangling delays. No\\nState has more favorable laws.\\nAnother great need is railroads in all parts of the State.\\nIf well located, they would pay handsome returns upon\\ntheir cost. Railroads can be built here with much less ex-\\npense than anywhere else in the United States there being\\nfewer cuts and fills, the soil being easier to work, right\\nof way freely obtained, and the ties very cheap. The stump-\\nage of the best varieties of timber on the lands that the\\nState so liberally gives would, if judiciously utilized, pay\\nvery handsomely.\\nPaper-mills, to use up the vast quantities of scrub pal-\\nmetto-to23S, cassava-mills, sugar-mills, canning establish-\\nments for vegetables, oysters, turtles, etc., preserving-fac-\\ntories for fruits, orange-wine vaults, mattress-factories to\\nuse up the abundant Spanish mosses (a splendid article for\\nmattresses), tanneries for the immense number of hides\\nproduced in the whole State, turpentine and tar stills, ma-\\nchine-shops for manufacturing furniture, etc., of the pal-\\nmetto, cedar, cypress, and hard woods of this region these\\nare but a few of the needs of Florida, and of the opportuni-\\nties afforded to capitalists. Orange-culture is in a peculiar\\nsense an occupation for men with capital at command and\\nfew things would pay better than to bring a number of\\nchoicely situated orange-groves to the bearing period, and\\nthen sell them at the prices which such groves readily\\nbring.\\nEven if one does not care to risk money in the ordinary\\nbusiness enterprises, there are ways of making it very pro-\\nductive. It can be loaned on perfectly good security at\\nfrom ten to eighteen per cent, per annum.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXII.\\nA WORD OF FEIENDLY ADYICE TO Is^EW-COMERS.\\nOne of the greatest sources of perplexity to the new-\\ncomer is the vast amount of contradictory advice sure to be\\ntendered him. If he asks a settler for an opinion about a\\ncertain piece of land, or how to select orange-trees, or when\\nto plant or how to plant, or about vegetables, or about\\ntransportation, he is certain to receive a lengthy argument\\ncompletely exhaustive of the subject in question, and every\\ndetail proved by the settler from his personal ex23erience\\nand observation. This, of course, is encouraging, and the\\nnew-comer goes on his way, rejoicing that he now knows\\nall about the matter, and prepared to follow the instructions\\nas given. Unfortunately, he happens to mention the sub-\\nject to another settler, a discussion ensues, and to the new-\\ncomer s profound astonishment he hears all the statements\\nmade by his previous informant combated, overthrown,\\ndemolished, and their absurdity demonstrated. Congratu-\\nlating himself upon his lucky escape from the bad venture\\nhe was about to make, he proceeds to follow the advice of\\nhis last authority, when he meets a third, and the same re-\\nsult ensues. The advice of the second informant is proved\\nall wrong, and an entirely new theory is positively asserted\\nto be the right and only true one.\\nSo it goes and, if the new-comer should consult a dozen\\ndifferent people, he would probably receive from each an\\nexplanation totally different and distinct, and each declared\\nby the relator to be the result of personal experience. It", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "A WORD OF FRIENDLY ADVICE. 299\\nis wonderful, it is utterly confusing and it very frequently\\nresults in causing the new-comer to enter into a bad bar-\\ngain, to waste much money and labor, and ultimately to\\ngive up in disgust, sacrificing his property for a song, and\\ngoing away, bitter against Florida.\\nBut the truth is, the fault was largely with himself. He\\nshould not depend solely upon advice, but should use his\\nown judgment and to form a sound judgment he should\\nspend a small amount of extra money, and travel about to\\ndifferent localities, carefully observing and studying for\\nhimself. Hasty purchases are very apt to be regretted\\nin Florida as well as elsewhere and it is always money\\nwell spent that is spent in looking about for the right\\nlocality, the right soil, the right class of products, the\\nright opportunity for transportation, and the requisite\\nadvantages as to health, markets, neighbors, schools, and\\nthe like.\\nThe experiment of a man, especially with a family,\\ntransferring all his interests and hopes from a temperate to\\na semi-tropical region, is necessarily a trying one. The cli-\\nmate, soils, products, seasons of labor and rest, of planting\\nand harvests, are totally different. Indeed, nothing is the\\nsame even the new-comer and his family change in diet,\\nhours of rest and labor, even in the constituents of their\\nblood. Yet the change is one that involves no insuperable\\ndifficulties, provided due care be exercised in the matter of\\ndiet, exercise, labor, and habits of life. The abundance of\\ncertain fruits that are regarded as luxuries elsewhere is\\nvery apt to betray new-comers into over-indulgence in the\\nmatter of food, and this, of course, should be guarded\\nagainst. The water-supply, too, should be carefully scruti-\\nnized, and any indications of impurity should cause its use\\nto be discontinued. Moreover, until he becomes thoroughly\\nacclimated, the new-comer should avoid as much as possible\\nlong-continued exposure to the summer sun, or to the air of", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "300 FLORIDA.\\ndamp localities. In all these respects lie would do well to\\nobserve and follow the customs of the more intelligent\\nnatives.\\nA fruitful cause of failure among new-comers to Florida\\nis their greed for vast possessions they want a hundred-\\nacre grove at an outlay not sufficient for ten acres. Re-\\nmember, it costs money, labor, and tedious time to produce\\nan orange-grove and a snug, well-cared-f or, thrifty grove of\\nfive acres, with say three hundred trees, all brought to quick\\nand prolific bearing, is a far surer and more desirable in-\\nvestment than one three or four times as large which can\\nnot be kej^t in an equally high state of cultivation. Ob-\\nservation has shown that a small grove can be brought to\\nbearing from tAvo to three years sooner, and at much less\\nproportionate expense of money and labor, than a very\\nlarge one. One reason of this is, that in a large grove the\\nwork must all be performed by hired laborers, while in a\\nsmall one the owner is quite likely to do much of it himself.\\nThe fertilizing, too, for a large grove must all be purchased,\\nwhile on the small grove the barn-yard and stables, the\\npoultry, the dwelling, all contribute until the amount to\\nbe purchased is very small.\\nIf you desire to engage in vegetable-gardening (a very\\nprofitable enterprise, if rightly conducted), you must use\\ngood judgment select good black or dark-brown ham-\\nmock soil, not too wet shelter it from the east wind, if on\\nthe Atlantic coast and locate close to some established line\\nof transportation. It will be much the wisest policy to pay\\na high price for five or ten acres located convenient to ship-\\nping facilities, than a low price for larger acreage too far\\nfrom market.\\nIf you desire to engage in the culture of purely tropical\\nfruits, such as bananas, pineapples, etc., there is but one es-\\nsential direction to be observed it is to go south, beyond\\nthe region of frost-visits, select any cultivated soil, jDine or", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "A WORD OF FRIENDLY ADVICE. 301\\nhammock, and locate near some convenient and established\\nline of transportation.\\nOne class of persons against whom the new-comer must\\nbe on his guard is the land-shark. There are land agents\\nin Florida who are as trustworthy as the same class any-\\nwhere, and whose advice and assistance may be of great ser-\\nvice to the settler but, on the other hand, almost every lo-\\ncality is infested by one or more sharks, who prey upon\\nnew-comers by offering them the greatest bargain to be\\nhad in the State, the prices asked being usually about twice\\nas much as the property could actually be bought for. Usu-\\nally very plausible in manners and talk, these men are Avell\\ncalculated to impose upon the inexperienced, but a little\\ninquiry among other parties will usually suffice to ex23ose\\ntheir true character. One rule should be inflexibly adhered\\nto by the settler, and that is, never to be persuaded into\\nclosing hastily with a bargain, and never to buy a\\npiece of land until he has consulted two or three different\\nparties as to its quality and price.\\nAs a general thing, if he has exercised due care in the\\nselection of his land, the settler need have no fear of malaria\\nor fevers. He will naturally be discouraged by the sal-\\nlow, tallowy look and listless manner of many of the na-\\ntives but whoever, in any place, should live as they live,\\neating such wretched food, neglecting body and mind,\\nwould at the end of a few years find himself in the same\\ncondition, which is due not to the locality but to the mode\\nof life. With the right sort of a house, food of good vari-\\nety and quality and properly prepared, cleanly habits, and\\nhealthful exercise for the mind as well as the body, people\\nmay enjoy as much vigor and activity in Florida as any-\\nwhere in the United States.\\nI have observed in all parts of the State that the women\\nexpress less liking for Florida than do the men in fact, in\\nreply to the question invariably asked of all, How do you", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "302 FLORIDA.\\nlike the State of all the ISTorthern-born women I have\\nmet, but three or four replied in a hearty, convincing man-\\nner that they really liked it. This appears somewhat\\nstrange, when we consider the fact that the climate, fruits,\\nflowers, garden dainties, and the like, such as women usu-\\nally are fond of and delight in, are so abundant in Florida.\\nThe principal source of their objections is the same as in\\nall new countries women seldom enjoy pioneer life, but\\nprefer old, settled communities, churches, schools, finished\\ndwellings, society, sidewalks, and intimate social intercourse.\\nThe sandy soil, heavy roads, and absence of sidewalks, espe-\\ncially in South Florida regions, are the real cause of the\\nprevalent discontent of the women. Added to this is the\\ngeneral neglect of new settlers to provide lawns, grass-plots,\\nflower-gardens, poultry-yards, etc., to attract and divert the\\nattention of their female companions. In the towns through-\\nout Northern Florida, where the improvements are more\\ngeneral, there is most content among the women and in\\nthe few homes in Southern Florida where the house is neat-\\nly constructed, with wide, cool piazzas, lawns, and flower-\\ngardens, a poultry-yard well stocked, and a cow (thus pro-\\nviding spring chickens, fresh eggs, fresh milk, and butter,\\nthings always so agreeable to the housewife) in homes\\nwhere these surroundings are found, is always found resig-\\nnation if not contentment.\\nBe cautious, look about you, use your own best judg-\\nment, avoid land-sharks, begin on a small scale at first, be\\nscrupulously cleanly of person and house, provide good food\\nand have it well prepared, and, though you are a new-\\ncomer, you may enjoy life and prosper in Florida.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "CHAPTER XXIII.\\nROUTES TO AND THEOUGH FLORIDA.\\nJacksonville is the grand objective point for all Florida visitors.\\nIt is the focus where all lines of travel from all parts of the North\\nand West terminate, and where all the local lines of railroads and\\nriver-boats have their beginning or chief office where information\\nconcerning all portions of the State can be obtained, and all uncer-\\ntain routes to interior points of interest decided upon. This su-\\npremacy is shared in some slight degree by Pensacola, but this city\\nis so far removed from the Florida sought by Northern tourists, and\\nis so situated geographically, that it really represents another and\\ndistant region of entirely different attractions and interest. It is the\\nchief Floridian city on the Gulf, and is best known to the people of\\nthe adjoining Gulf States. In fact, Pensacola belongs, by all natu-\\nral and geographical laws, to Alabama, and is far more accessible to\\nthe people of that and neighboring States than to those of Florida.\\nThis difficulty, however, will soon be remedied by the expected\\nearly completion of the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Eail-\\nroad, from its present terminus on the Chattahoochee to its natural\\nand originally proposed terminus, Pensacola.\\nTo the tourist from New England and New York there are sev-\\neral routes open, all accommodating and desirable.\\nTO FLOEIDA BT WATEE.\\n(1.) One of the well-appointed steamers of the Mallory Steam-\\nship Line sails from Pier 20 East River at three o clock p. m. each\\nFriday, visiting Port Royal en route^ arriving at Fernandina on the\\nmorning of the following Tuesday, and connecting at the wharf\\nthere with the train to Jacksonville (only thirty-three miles, an\\nhour s pleasant ride over the new railroad). For invalids and all", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "304 FLORIDA.\\nwho enjoy the novelty of a short sea-voyage, this route offers su-\\nperior attractions. Eeturning, a steamer leaves Jacksonville each\\nThursday.\\n(2.) A steamer of the New York and Savannah Steamship Line\\nsails tri-weekly at three o clock p. m., from Pier 43 North Eiver,\\ndirect to Savannah, sixty hours sea-trip, connecting there with\\ntheir Florida steamers (small boats) to Fernandina and Jacksonville,\\nsailing from Savannah daily at four o clock p. m., following the chan-\\nnel between the mainland and islands, popularly known as the Sea\\nIsland Eoute, much like a beautiful tropical river-journey, arriving\\nin Fernandina at nine o clock a. m. next day.\\n(3.) The New York and Charleston Steamship Line. One of\\nthe first-class steamers of this line sails semi- weekly from Pier 27\\nNorth River for Charleston direct, connecting there with their ele-\\ngant Florida line of channel-route steamers direct to Jackson-\\nville and Palatka. Excellent steamers and rapid passage.\\n(4.) The Old Dominion Steamship Line. One of the large and\\nfine steamers of this line sails tri-weekly from Pier 26 North Eiver\\nfor Portsmouth, Virginia, connecting there with the railways direct\\nto Florida, ma the newly constructed Waycross Eailroad into Jack-\\nsonville. This is the quickest of the water-routes to Florida from\\nthe Northeastern States but, of course, only about half the journey\\nis performed by boat.\\nEAILWA.T EOUTES FROM NEW TOEK AND THE NOETH.\\nFrom New York and the numerous points throughout the East\\nand North there are many routes over connecting hues converg-\\ning at Waycross, Georgia. Over all, the fares, time, and excellent\\naccommodations of palace-cars, sleeping-cars, parlor-cars, dining-\\nroom cars, and quick connections, are very nearly the same. Each\\noffers some special attraction interesting old towns, historical\\nlocalities, beautiful scenery that must largely influence the tourist\\nin determining a route. By the quickest all-rail route the time\\nfrom New York to Jacksonville is about forty hours. Eailroad\\nfacilities and accommodations from Northern points to Florida\\nhave greatly changed within the past year, and the vexatious\\ndelays, uncertain connections, slow trains, inattention, and gen-\\neral discomfort experienced by the traveler during recent seasons\\nare happily ended. Within a brief period there have been great", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "ROUTES TO AND THROUGH FLORIDA. 305\\nchanges in the entire railway system of the Southeast. New and\\nenergetic men have entered the field, great amounts of capital have\\nheen invested, all the old fogy boards of directors have been swept\\nout of existence, new managers, superintendents, and executive\\nofficers have come to the front, all infusing a healthy and beneficial\\nrivalry. New railroads have been everywhere projected and begun,\\nand old unfinished roads have been completed numerous short cut-\\noffs have been planned and rapidly completed, all greatly to the\\ncomfort and benefit of travelers and freight. Eailroad time-tables\\nhave been everywhere overhauled and remodeled, rates of speed\\nincreased, time of travel reduced, excellent low-priced eating-houses\\nconveniently estabhshed, new and attentive employees engaged,\\nuntil now, and in coming s3asons, railroad travel in the South is\\nand will be comparable in comfort and convenience with the fa-\\nmous system of the West. To Mr. Haynes and Mr. Cole, the widely\\nknown railway capitahsts and managers, is Florida largely indebted\\nfor these benefits.\\nTO FLOEIDA FEOM THE ISTOETHWEST.\\nTo the tourist to Florida from the Northwest the famous new\\nCincinnati Southern road offers elegant and superior attractions,\\nquick time, fine scenery, beautiful cars, and every detail of comfort\\nand convenience that skilled management, liberal capital, and rivalry\\ncan devise. This, and the well-known old established Ei fala line,\\ntogether with the Danville route, offer superior facilities. All have\\npalace-cars, with but two changes from Chicago to Jacksonville (a\\ndaytime change), and make the distance in sixty-five to sixty-eight\\nhours. But these facts of the present will undoubtedly be mate-\\nrially changed for the better in the coming season (1881- 82), as ar-\\nrangements are now nearly perfected among the representatives of\\nthe various connecting roads of the rival routes, so that the passen-\\nger entering a palace-car in Chicago, Indianapolis, Cleveland, De-\\ntroit, St. Louis, Louisville, or Nashville, will arrive in Jacksonville\\nin the same car; while the Chicago passenger will be but forty-\\ntwo hours en route, instead of sixty-eight, as at present.\\nI]Sr JACKSONVILLE.\\nThere are now four large hotels in Jacksonville, equal to any in\\nthe country for accommodations (rates four to five dollars per day)", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "306 FLORIDA.\\nalso numerous smaller hotels and innumerable boarding-houses,\\nwhere board may be had with fair accommodations for five to fifteen\\ndollars per week.\\nThe tourist should first make a journey down to the mouth of\\nthe St. John s, on the regular daily steamer, leaving at about nine\\no clock A. M., returning about six p. m. It is a delightful and inter-\\nesting day- excursion. Fare, $1.00.\\nTIP THE ST. John s.\\nDaily boats, ma the De Bary Line or ma the Pioneer Line Mon-\\ndays and Thursdays or via the Independent Line Tuesdays and Fri-\\ndays. Each line steamers leave their wharf at half past one p. m.,\\nreaching Palatka early the same evening, and Enterprise and Sanford\\nabout noon next day, where excellent hotels are found. Eeturning,\\nleave Sanford at nine o clock each morning. Fare, $7.00 round trip,\\n$10.00.\\nTHE FAE UP ST, JOHN s AND INDIAN EIVEKS.\\nThere are several steamers that make the entire round trip from\\nJacksonville to the extreme upper waters of the St. John s. These\\nare small, crowded-up sort of boats, but fairly comfortable with-\\nal, and decidedly novel. They are very convenient to the tourist,\\nespecially hunters, and parties with ladies. Their dates are quite\\nirregular, and must be learned in Jacksonville. The fare is about\\nten dollars, but special terms are easily made, according to numbers\\nand circumstances. Another way is to go to Sanford, then take\\npassage on the Pioneer Line boats that leave there tri-weekly. The\\ntime from Jacksonville to Titusville and Eock Ledge is about\\nseventy-two hours, although this time will undoubtedly be reduced\\nto about fifty hours, even forty, by the new arrangements now being\\nperfected. Rock Ledge can be reached by leaving the St. John s\\nboat at Salt Lake, thence to Titusville by mule-team (as heretofore\\ndescribed), then ma sail-boat or, continuing on the St. John s boat\\nto Lake Winder, thence by mule- team eight miles over to the Indian\\nRiver. Boats may be chartered at Titusville for a journey down\\nthe Indian River and on to Lake Worth and Key Biscayne Bay.\\nTO CRESCENT LAKE.\\nTake steamer at Palatka, that makes the round trip daily to\\nCrescent Lake. A short, pleasant trip and low fare.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "ROUTES TO AND THROUGH FLORIDA. 307\\nUP THE OCKLAWAHA.\\nSteamers leave Jacksonville ti i- weekly for the Ocklawaha at one\\no clock p. M., from their pier in the rear of the post-office. These\\nboats run to the extreme head-waters of that interesting stream,\\ncarrying freights and passengers for Leesburg, Lakes Harris, Eustis,\\nGriffin, Dora, and surrounding regions. At Leesburg they connect\\nwith a handsome little steamer that makes the circuit of all these\\nlarge lakes, stopping at Pendryville, Fort Mason, and Yalaha.\\nHart s line of steamers make semi-weekly trips from Palatka up\\nthe Ocklawaha to Silver Springs thence the passenger can be taken\\nma mule-teams to Ocala, or daily ma rail from Jacksonville and\\nWaldo. Time, six hours.\\nTO LAKES KISSIMMEE AND OKECHOBEE AND THE EYEEGLADE EEGION,\\nTake the steamer to Sanford, thence ma the South Florida Rail-\\nroad to Lake To-ho-po-ka-la-ga, twenty-eight miles below Orlando\\n(fifty miles from Sanford), where there is a new hotel owned by the\\nrailroad. From this point a rude little steamer makes a weekly\\nround trip into the Everglade region, visiting all the settlements and\\naccessible points of that far-off region. The sailing dates of the\\nsteamer are very uncertain, but about once a week.\\nTO NEW SMYRNA AND DATTONA, AND THE HALIFAX EIVEE EEGION.\\nTake steamer daily to De Land or Blue Springs Landings, on the\\nSt. John s, thence ma carriages across to the coast or go to St.\\nAugustine and thence ma sail-boats down, a day s sail.\\nTO ALTAMONTE AND APOPKA.\\nSteamer to Sanford, thence via South Florida Railroad to Long-\\nwood Station, thence ma mail-wagon to Altamonte, five miles ride\\ncontinue on the cars to Orlando, thence ma team to Apopka.\\nTO PENDEYVILLE AND THE LAKE EUSTIS EEGION.\\nSteamer up the St. John s to Astor, there take cars to Fort Ma-\\nson, on Lake Eustis. Teams and sail-boats and lake-steamers to all\\nadjacent points.\\nSUMTEEVILLE, LAKE PAN-A-SOF-KEE, AND BEOOKSVILLE.\\nSteamers ma Ocklawaha River to Leesburg, or steamers to Astor,\\ncars to Fort Mason, and lake-steamer to Leesburg thence via mail-", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "308 FLORIDA.\\nteam to Sumterville, six miles thence by mail-stage to Brooksville,\\ntwelve hom-s ride from Smuterville, mostly through an uninhabited,\\nrolling (in fact, hilly) pine-timbered region.\\nLake Pan-a-sof-kee is a beautiful large lake, surrounded by a\\nvast hammock of remarkably fertile soil; it is six miles from Sum-\\nterville, where teams can be hired for the trip to the lake. The\\nTropical Eailroad, now under construction from Ocaia, will reach\\nthis lake this season.\\nGELANDO AND MAITLAIJO).\\nSteamers daily to Sanford, thence ma South Florida Eailroad.\\nEailroad fare, 90 cents.\\nLAKE HAENEY HAMMOCKS.\\nPioneer Line steamers from Jacksonville (as mentioned hereto-\\nfore) to Tuskawilla Landing.\\nTO ST. AUGUSTINE.\\nSeveral steamers daily to Tocoi, on the St. John s (three hours\\nride), then via railroad fourteen miles across to the ancient city.\\nN. B. A new railroad is now being constructed direct from Jack-\\nsonville to St. Augustine distance, about thirty -five miles.\\nTO OCALA AND SILVEE SPEINGS.\\nBy railroad to Waldo on the Transit road, thence to Ocala or\\nSilver Springs, seven hours ride. Or, by steamer to Palatka thence\\nma railroad to Jamestown, there changing cars to Ocala, ten hours\\ntime. Or up the Ocklawaha, ma either line of steamers on that\\nriver, to Silver Springs thence by team over to Ocala.\\nOEANGE LAKE.\\nProceed to Waldo via the Transit Eailroad thence by rail to the\\nlake. The Peninsular Eailroad (from Waldo) passes near the shore\\nof this famous lake.\\nTO GAINESVILLE AND CEDAE KEYS.\\nTwo trains daily leave Fernandina for Gainesville, Waldo, and\\nall points along the Transit Eailroad to Cedar Keys.\\nPassenger train leaves Fernandina daily (except Sunday), at\\na quarter past nine o clock a. m. Arrive at Baldwin at half past", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "ROUTES TO AND THROUGH FLORIDA. 309\\ntwelve, noon, connecting there with train from and to Jackson-\\nville; arrive at Waldo at a quarter past two p. m, (connect with train\\nto and from Ocala arrive at Orange Lake at four o clock p. m.\\nOcala, at six o clock p. m.). The Transit train on from Waldo\\narrives at Gainesville at half past three p. m., and at Cedar Keys at\\nsix o clock p. M. Total time from Fernandina to Cedar Keys, eight\\nand three quarters hours. From Fernandina to Ocala, eight and\\nthree quarters hours. From Jacksonville to Cedar Keys is about\\nseven hours, ma Baldwin Junction. Keturn trains leave Cedar Keys\\ndaily, except Sunday, at half past six o clock in the morning.\\nThe Tampa Steamship Line. For Manatee and Tampa. Leave\\nCedar Keys, Monday and Thursday, at lialf past six p. m. arrive\\nat Manatee, Tuesday and Friday, at nine a. m. arrive at Tampa,\\nTuesday and Friday, at two p. m.\\nFor Key West via Charlotte HarTyor. Leave Cedar Keys, Mon-\\nday and Friday, at half past six p. m. arrive at Key West, Wednes-\\nday and Sunday, at nine a. m. Ljmding passengers at Punta Kassa,\\nconnecting with steamer for all landings in Charlotte Harbor.\\nl!^. B. There are other steamers in the winter season that ply\\nbetween Cedar Keys, Key West, and the West Indies, notably the\\nsplendid steamer Admiral also steamers to Havana, Pensacola, and\\nISTew Orleans. Their time-table is regulated anew each season, and\\nmust be learned by the tourist of the general agent in Jacksonville.\\nKey West is also reached by the Mallory Line and New York and\\nITew Orleans Line steamers weekly from New York also by the\\nBaltimore, Havana and New Orleans steamers, sailing on the 1st\\nand 15th of each month from Baltimore.\\nISrOETH FLOEIDA.\\nTwo trains leave Jacksonville daily over the Florida Central Eail-\\nroad at 11.05 a. m. for Baldwin, connecting with Transit Eailroad\\ntrains for all points south, also 8.45 a. m. for Lake City and Live\\nOak, there connecting with the Atlantic and G-ulf Eailroad for all\\npoints north, south and west, also connecting there with the Jack-\\nsonville, Pensacola and Mobile Eailroad for Ellaville, Madison, Mon-\\nticello (reached ma a short railroad three miles from the main\\nroad), and Tallahassee, Quincy, and Chattahoochee. It is ten hours\\njourney from Jacksonville to Tallahassee, all, after reaching Lake\\nCity, passing through a region of attractive scenery and rich soil.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "310 FLORIDA.\\nTourists should by all means visit this region, for Tallahassee and\\nthe surrounding country is, all in all, one of the most lovely por-\\ntions of America.\\nFrom Tallahassee a short railroad runs to St. Mark s, on the\\nGulf, there connecting with the steamer to Pensacola, New Orleans,\\nand all Gulf ports. The dates of this train are very uncertain, as it\\nonly runs when it is announced that a steamer is in port, usually\\nabout once a week.\\nTHE FAE-WEST COUNTIES.\\nThe towns and settlements in the counties west of the Appa-\\nlachicola River are only reached by United States mail or private\\nstage routes. Rates are moderate.\\nTHE END,", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "De Bary Merchants Line\\nSTEAMEHS\\nFREDERICK DE BARY, ROSA, and\\nANITA, GEO. M. BIRD.\\nCdBRYUVG the UJYITED STATES MAIL\\nDAILY BOATS from JAmSONYILLE, PALATKA,\\nAnd Intermediate Points on ST. JOHl!f S KIVEE,\\nTO ENTERPRISE AND RETURN,\\nConnecting with ST. AUGUSTINE, GAINESVILLE, and Points on tlie FLOEIDA\\nSOUTHEEN EAILEOAD.\\nFor information, apply at the Office of the\\nDE BARY MERCHANTS LINE, JACKSONVILLE.\\nAppletons Annual Cyclopsedia,\\nAND\\nREGISTER OF IMPORTAMT EVEHTS OF THE YEAR 1880.\\nEmbracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs Public Docu-\\nments, Biography, Statistics, Conwierce, Finance, Literature,\\nScicence, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry.\\nNew Series, Volume Y. (Whole Series, Yolume XX.)\\nLarge 8vo. Price, cloth, $5.00; sheep, $6.00.\\nThe still extending use and demand for the Akntjal Cyclopedia approve the\\nfitness of its plan. Few annual publications in the world have as successfully stood\\nthe ordeal of time. The largest and most comprehensive general year book printed in\\nany country, no pains are spared to make it complete and trustworthy. Co-ordinated\\nwith the political knowledge given in the Annual Cyclopedia is as large a body of\\nauthentic and systematized information as can be collected relating to the development\\nof the agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests of the country; and every\\nimportant subject of public comment and concern is treated in its appropriate con-\\nnection.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "DIEEOT STEAMSHIP LINES\\nTO\\nTexas, Florida Jassan,\\nTEXAS LINE.\\nSteamers leave Pier 20, East River, every Saturday, and semi-\\nweekly during the busy season, for Galveston, Texas, calling at Key-\\nWest, Florida. Through First-class and Emigrant Passage Tickets\\nsold to all points in Texas, by Agents of all the Transatlantic Steamship\\nCompanies in Liverpool, London, Hamburg, and Bremen.\\nThis is the only Line of Passenger Steamers between ISfew YorJc, Key\\nWest, Florida^ and Texas.\\nFLORIDA LINE.\\nSteamers leave Pier 21, East River, every Friday, at 3 p. m., for\\nJacksonville and Fernandina, Florida, making close connections\\nwith all Eailroad and Steamboat Lines for all interior parts.\\nl^his is the only Steamship Line running to Florida without .transfer.\\nNASSAU, MATANZAS, and HAVANA\\nLINE.\\nSteamers leave New York, monthly, in the summer, for Matanzas\\nand Nassau after November 1st, semi-monthly and after January\\n1st, also send Steamers from Florida every two days, continuing to\\nHavana, and forming the most delightful tourist route in the world.\\nA schedule and descriptive pamphlet is furnished free on application.\\nFor all information in reference to any of the above routes, apply to\\nC. H. MALLORY CO., General Agents,\\nPier 20, East River, New York,", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "M. L. HARNETT, BEN. GEORGE,\\nFormerly of the Marshall House. Late of the Screven House.\\nTHE HARNETT HOUSE,\\nSAVANNAH, GA.\\nHARNETT GEORGE, Proprietors.\\nEates $2.0\u00c2\u00a9 and $2.50 per Day, according to location of Room.\\nThis favorite FAMILY HOTEL, under its new management, is recommended\\nfor the excellence of its Cuisine, Home-like Comforts, Prompt Attention, and Mod-\\nerate Eates.\\nA BRAIN AND NERVE FOOD.\\nVITALIZED PIOS-PIITES.\\nComposed of the Nerve-giving Principle of the Ox-Brain and Wheat-\\nGerm not a Laboratory Compound, but Nature s Nerve Tonic.\\nIt restores tlie energy lost by nervousness or indigestion re-\\nlieves lassitude, erratic pains, and neuralgia refreshes tlie nerves\\ntired by \\\\rorry, excitement, or excessive sensitiveness strengthens\\na failing memory, and gives rene^ved vigor in all diseases of ner-\\nvous exhaustion or debility. It is the only preventive of con-\\nsumption.\\nIt gives vitality to the insufficient bodily or mental growth,\\nof ehildren, feeds the brain and nerves, prevents fretfulness,\\nand gives quiet rest and sleep. It gives a better disposition\\nto infants and ehildren, as it promotes good health to brain\\nand body.\\nPhysicians have prescribed 500,000 packages.\\nF. CROSBT, 664 666 Sixth Avenue, New York,\\nFor sale by Druggists or mail, $1. LONDON, 137 A Strand.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "ff^PrSIllb jy\\nHARRBSON PHOEBUS, Proprietor.\\nSituated one hundred yards from Fort Monroe, at the confluence of\\nthe Chesapeake Bay and Hampton Roads, being the first point of land\\nlying westward between the Capes of Virginia, about fifteen miles north\\nof Norfolk and Portsmouth all passenger steamers running to and from\\nthose cities touch at the pier, going and returning, with the U. S. Mails,\\nlanding only twenty rods from the Hotel, which is substantially built and\\ncomfortably furnished has two Otis s hydraulic passenger elevators, gas,\\nand electric bells or Creighton s Oral Annunciator in all rooms; water;\\nrooms for bath, including Hot Sea, and closets on every floor, with the\\nmost perfect system of drainage of any hotel or public building in the\\ncountry. And as a resort for the pleasure-seeker, invalid, or resting-place\\nfor tourists on their way to Florida or the North, this house, with ac-\\ncommodations for about nine hundred guests, presents inducements which\\ncertainly are not equaled elsewhere as a summer resort or cold weather\\nsanitarium. Has during the cold weather over 15,000 square feet of\\nthe spacious verandas (of which there are over 35,000 square feet en-\\ncircling the house on dl sides) incased in glass, enabling the most delicate\\ninvalid to enjoy the sunshine and fine water-view without risking the\\nslightest exposure. The climate of Old Point Comfort is unequaled\\nfor salubrity, malarial fevers being absolutely unTcnown. The record of\\nthe Meteorological Observatory for the past ten years shows an average\\ntemperature of 60 deg., 74 deg.^ 76 deg. in summer; 70 deg., 59 deg., 40\\ndeg. in autumn 45 deg., 44 deg., 42 deg. in winter and 48 deg., 52\\ndeg., 63 deg. for spring the invigorating atmosphere and mild tempera-\\nture being especially adapted to that class who seek the genial winters\\nof the South and cool summers of the North. For sleeplessness and\\nnervousness, the dehcious tonic of the pure ocean air and the lullaby\\nof the ocean waves rolling upon the sandy beach, but a few feet from\\nthe bedroom windows, are most healthful soporifics of the Hygeia.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "D\\\\ AFPLETON CO:S PUBLICATIONS.\\nIN THE BRUSH; or, Old-Time Social, Political, and Relig:ioviLS\\nliife in the Southwest. By the Rev. Hamixton W. Pieeson, D.D.,\\nex-PresideDt of Cumberland College, Kentucky. With Illustrations by W.\\nL. Sheppard. 12mo, clotb. Price, $1.50.\\nDr. Pierson was for many years missionary of the Bible Society in the South-\\nwest; and this book is a narration of many peculiar experiences and strange\\nadventures in that region. Dr. Pierson is not only a graphic and picturesque\\nwriter, hut has a keen sense of humor, and his narrative is thus enlivened by\\nmany mirthful stories.\\nBACHEIiOR BliUFF His Opinions, Sentiments, and Disputa-\\ntions. By Oliver Bell Btjnce. 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.25.\\nMr. Bunce has not only written a very bright book, but an honest and a\\nmanly one. While Bachelor Bluff may be keenly incisive, there is not a tinge\\nof cynicism about him; for he is pervaded with the broadest humanitarianism.\\nHe neither gibes at nor does he distort facts, but tells of things as we all see\\nthem, and discusses them in the happiest way. Ai)art from the sound les ons\\nthis book imparts, there is something more to be said. What Mr. Bunce writes\\nis given in the very best of English, and most ielicitous is he not only in the\\nchoice of language, but in the brightness of his phrasing. iVew York Times.\\nThe pages abound in epigrammatic wisdom, tersely and forcibly put.\\nBoston Courier.\\nTHE BI.OODY CHASM. A Novel. By J. W. De Fokest, author of The\\nWetherel Affair, Overland, etc. 16mo, cloth. Pfice, $1.00.\\nA remarkably well-written and extremely pleasing novel. Philadelphia\\nNews.\\nThe story is very readable, and Aunt Chloe is almost a Mrs. Poyser. The\\nGriiie.\\nTHE SUN. By C. A. Young, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Astronomy in the\\nCollege of New Jersey. With numerous Illustrations. International\\nScientific Series. 12mo, cloth. Price, $2.00.\\nProfessor Young is an authority on The Sun, and writes from intimate\\nknowledge. He has studied that great luminary all his life, invented and im-\\nproved instruments for observing it, gone to all quarters of the world in search\\nof the best places and opportunities to watch it, and has contributed important\\ndiscoveries that have extended our knowledge of it.\\nIt would take a cyclopaedia to represent all that has been done toward clear-\\ning up the solar mysteries. Professor Young has summarized the information,\\nand presented it in a form completely available for general readers. There is no\\nrhetoric in his book; he trusts the grandeur of his theme to kindle interest and\\nimpress the feelings. His statements are plain, direct, clear, and condensed,\\nthough ample enough for his purpose, and the substance of what is generally\\nwanted will be found accurately given in his pages. Popular Science Monthly.\\nSAINTS AND SINNERS. (Noirs et Rouges.) A Novel. From the\\nFrench of Victor Cherbuliez. 8vo, paper. Price, 50 cents.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "B. APPLETON CO:S PUBLICATIONS.\\nTHE LiAND OF GILEAD. With Excursions in the Lebanon. By Lau-\\nREpicE Oliphant. With Illustrations and Maps. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price,\\n$2.00.\\nHis journeys took him quite off the heaten tracks of tourists and archaeo-\\nlogical explorers; he got an inside view, so to call it, of native life and man-\\nners he saw something of the wandering Bedouins and we know of no recent\\nbook on Palestine which is really so instructive, from which the reader can de-\\nrive so large a fund of entertainment. ^c^ec^ic Magazine.\\nNEW TOKK IliliUSTRATED. An entirely new edition of this worJc, ex-\\ntended to more than double the number of pages of previous editions, and\\nincluding many new illustrations, making a most superb pictorial volume\\ndescriptive of the great metropolis. With new cover. Large 8vo. Price,\\n75 cents.\\nSOCIAIi ETIQUETTE OF NEW YORK. New and enlarged edition.\\nContaining two additional chapters\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Extended Visits, and Customs\\nand Costumes at Theatres, Concerts, and Operas with the chapter on\\nEtiquette of Weddings rewritten in accordance with the latest fashion-\\nable usage. 18mo, cloth, gilt. Price, $1,00,\\nA TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.\\nBy William A. Hammond, M. D., Surgeon-General U. S. Army (retired\\nlist); Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System in the Uni-\\nversity of the City of New York. One volume, 8vo, 928 pages, with about\\n150 Illustrations. Price, in cloth, $5.00 sheep, $6.00.\\nThis, the seventh edition of Dr. Hammond s well-known work, has been thor-\\noughly revised, and enlarged by the addition of new chapters and of a section on\\nDiseases of the Sympathetic System.\\nThe work has received the honor of a French translation by Dr. Labadie-\\nLagrave, of Paris, and an Italian translation by Professor Diodato Borrelli, of\\nthe Royal University, is now going through the press at Naples,\\nA TEXT-BOOK OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE, with Particular Refer-\\nence to Physiology and Pathological Anatomy, By Dr, Felix von Nie--\\nMEYER, Professor of Pathology and Therapeutics, Director of Medical\\nClinic of the University of Tubingen, Translated from the eighth German\\nedition by George H, Humphreys, M. D., and Charles E. Hackley, M, D.\\nNew revised edition, with additions. Two volumes, 8vo, 767, 861 pages.\\nPrice, in cloth, $9.00; in library leather, $11.00.\\nSince Dr. Niemeyer s death a new edition of his text-book has appeared in\\nGermany, edited by Dr. Eugene Seitz. This has been freely drawn upon in the\\npresent revised American edition, and additions have been made from other\\nsources of a character calculated to render the work more useful to American\\nreaders.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "B. ATPLETON CO:S PUBLICATION S.\\nTHE TVIT ANI WISDOM OF BENJAMIN I ISKAEI.I, K. G.,\\nEAKIi OF BEACONSFIELD. Collected from his Writings and\\nSpeeches. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.25.\\nIt is as a kind of Talker s Guide, or Hand-book of Conversation, that we\\nwish to recommend the present volume. The compilar has done his work, which\\nwas evidently a labor of love, with judgment and discretion in the main he has\\nworked through his author s writings and speeches, from Vivian Grey to the\\ndiscourse to the Lords in the March of the present year; and his volume con-\\ntains tlie most characteristic utterances of a great and successful artist in life,\\nwho was renowned for good and characteristic speech. The Athenaeum (Lon-\\ndon).\\nTHE ANCIENT BKONZE IMPI.EMENTS, WEAPONS, AND OR-\\nNAMENTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. By John\\nEvans, D.C.L,, LL.D., etc., author of The Ancient Stone Implements,\\nWeapons, and Ornaments of Great Britain. With Five Hnndred and\\nForty Illustrations. One vol., 8vo, 509 pages, cloth. Price, $5.00.\\nRALPH WALDO EMERSON Poet and Philosoplier. By A. H.\\nGcTERNSJET. (Published by arrangement with Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin\\nCo., publishers oC Emerson s Complete Works.) A companion volume\\nto Carlyle: his Life\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his Books\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his Theories. By the same author.\\nAppletons New Handy- Volume Series. 18mo. Cloth, 75 cents paper,\\n40 cents.\\nHOUSE-PAINTING, CARRIAGE-PAINTING, AND GRAINING.\\nWhat to do, and how to do it. By John W. Masuky. One vol., 12mo,\\ncloth. Price, $1.50.\\nWILD WORK The Story of tlxe Red River Tragedy. By Mart E.\\nBryan, author of Manch. One vol., 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50.\\n^The reign of the carpet-bagger a troublous, transition period\u00e2\u0080\u0094 was rich\\nin dramatic features. Abnormal conditions of government and society brought\\nout unwonted lights and shades of character and gave rise to extraordinary inci-\\ndents. Particularly was this true of the States west of the Mississippi, where\\ncomparative freedom from social restraints fostered individuality and indepen-\\ndence of character\u00e2\u0080\u0094 too often to a lawless extent. The author of Wild Work\\nhas sought to reproduce a few scenes of that time and region with an eye solely\\nto their dramatic aspect, not distorted by sectional prejudice and not disturbed\\nby political side-lights.\\nFor sale by all booksellers or sent by mail^ post-paid^ on receipt of price.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "D. APPLETON CO:S PUBLICATIONS.\\nMILITARY HISTOKY OF ULYSSES S. GRANT. From April, 1861, to\\nApril, 1865. By Getferal Adam Badeau, Aide-de-Camp to the General-in-\\nChief. Volumes II and III. This work is now complete in three octavo\\nvolumes, containing over 2,000 pages, illustrated with a Steel Portrait and\\nthirty-three Maps. Price, in cloth, $12.00; sheep, $15.00; half morocco,\\n$20.00. Sold only by suhscription.\\nRISE AND FALL, OF THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT. By\\nJefferson Davis. Complete in two volumes, 8vo. Illustrated with Por-\\ntraits of Mr. Davis, his Cabinet, Aides, and Generals, and with Maps and\\nPlans. Price, per volume, in cloth, $5.00; sheep, $6.00; half turkey, $7.00;\\nfull turkey, $10.00. Sold by subscription only.\\nEvery impartial reader must recognize the ability V7ith which it is com-\\nposed, the sincerity with which his opinions are held, and the good faith with\\nwhich they are set forth, and the value which it possesses as the authentic com-\\nmentary on the most momentous episode in the history of the United States\\nsince their independence was acknowledged and their Constitution was framed.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u0094London Athenaeum.\\nANECDOTAL. HISTORY OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT. From\\nthe Earliest Periods to the Present Time, with Notices of Eminent Par-\\nliamentary Men and Examples of their Oratory. Compiled by G. H. Jen-\\nnings. Crown 8vo, cloth. Price, $2.50.\\nAs pleasant a companion for the leisure hours of a studious and thoughtful\\nman as anything in book-shape since Selden. London Telegraph.\\nYOUNG IRELAND. A Fragment of Irish History, 1840-1850. By the Hon.\\nSir Charles Gavan Duffy, K. C. M. G. New cheap edition. 12mo, cloth.\\nPrice, $1.50.\\nNever did any book appear so opportunely. But, whenever it had ap-\\npeared, with so lucid and graphic a style, so large a knowledge of the Irish ques-\\ntion, and so statesmanlike a grasp of its conditions, it would have been a book\\nof great mark. Zo/it^ow Spectator.\\nA HISTORY OF GREECE. From the Earliest Times to the Present. By\\nT. T. TiMATENis. With Maps and Illustrations. Two volumes, 12mo,\\ncloth. Price, $3.50.\\nHISTORY OF HERODOTUS. An English Version, edited, with Copious\\nNotes and Appendices, by George Eawlinson, M. A. With Maps and\\nIllustrations. New edition. In four volumes, 8vo, vellum cloth. Price,\\n$8.00.\\nTHE DICTIONARY OF ROMAN AND GREEK ANTIQUITIES.\\nWith nearly 2,000 Engravings on Wood, from Ancient Originals, illustra-\\ntive of the Industrial Arts and Social Life of the Greeks and Romans. By\\nAnthony Eich, B. A. Crown Svo, cloth. Price, $3.00.\\nThis work is now offered at the above greatly reduced price.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "D, AFFLETOls CO:S PUBLICATIONS.\\nIliliUSIONS A Psychological Study. By James Stilly, author of Sen-\\nsation and Intuition, etc. International Scientific Series. 12Dao, cloth.\\nPrice, $1.50.\\nThis volume takes a \\\\vide survey of the field of error, embracing- in its view net\\nonly the illusions commonly regarded as of the nature of mental aberrations or hallu-\\ncmations, but also other illusions arising from that capacity for error which belongs\\nessentially to rational human nature. The author has endeavored to keep to a strictly\\nscientific treatment that is to say, the description and classification of acknowledged\\nerrors, and the exposition of them by a reference to their psychical and physical con-\\nditions.\\nThe latest number of Appletons International Scientific Series bears the title\\nof Illusions, and is an interesting contribution by Mr. James Sully to the study of\\nmental pathology. The authors field of inquiry covers all the phenomena of illusion\\nobserved in sense-perception, in the introspection of the mind s own feehngs, in the\\nreading of others feelings, in memory, and in belief. The author s conclusions are\\noften illustrated by concrete example or anecdote, and his general treatment of the\\nsubject, while essentially scientific, is sufficiently clear and animated to attract the\\ngeneral reader. New York Sun.\\nThis is not a technical work, but one of wide popular interest, in the principles\\nand results of which every on6 is concerned. The illusions of perception of the senses\\nand of dreams are first considered, and then the author passes to the illusions of intro-\\nspection, errors of insight, illusions of memory, and illusions of beUef. The work is a\\nnoteworthy contribution to the original progress of thought, and may be relied upon\\nas representing the present state of knowledge on the important subject to which it\\nis devoted. Popwtor Science Monthly.\\nA SEI.ECTION FKOM THE I.ETTEIIS OF MABAME DE REMU-\\nSAT. 1S04-1814. Edited by her Grandson, Pafl de Eemxtsat, Senator.\\nUniform with Memoirs of Madame de Kemusat, 1802-1808. 12mo, cloth.\\nPrice, $1.25.\\nA Selection from the Letters of Madame de Eemusat to her Husband and Son\\nhas been published by the Appletons. Coming closely upon the fascinating memoirs\\nof that lady, they possess the same interest, and will add to the reader s knowledge\\nof social and pohtical life in France in the days of the first Napoleon. They deal, of\\ncourse, largely with family matters, but for all that we get vivid glimpses of public\\nlife, and, from Madame de Kemusafs intimate acquaintance with political affairs, we\\ncan pick up here and there hints which do not appear in French historj and yet are\\nabsolutely necessary to a thorough understanding of it. Boston Evening Tran-\\nscript.\\nTHE ART OF SPEECH. Yol. II. Studies in Eloquence and Logic. By L.\\nT. TowNSEND, D. D., Professor in Boston University, and Dean of Chautauqua\\nSchool of Theology. Uniform with Yol. I. Studies in Poetry and Prose, 18mo,\\ncloth. Price, 60 cents.\\nContents of Vol. II: Part I, Studies in Eloquence: Introductory; History of\\nEloquence; Life and Character of Demosthenes Oration on the Crown; Inferences;\\nInferences {continued}; Inferences {continued); Inferences (concluded).\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Vari II,\\nStudies in Logic: Introductory; Argumentation; Classification; Practical Observa-\\ntions. Supplement?^ Notes.\\nFor sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.\\nNew York: D. APPLETON CO., 1, 3, 5 Bond Street.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "Seientific Publications.\\nGENERAL. PHYSIOI.OGY OF MUSCLES AND NERVES. By Dr. I.\\nRosenthal, Professor of Physiology at the University of Erlangen. With\\nseventy-five Woodcuta. International Scientific Series. 12mo, cloth,\\n$1.50.\\nThe attempt at a connected account of the general physiology of muscles\\nand nerves is, as far as I know, the first of its kind. The general data for thiji\\nbranch of science have been gained ouly w^ithin the past thirty years. ^cc^rac^\\nf7vni Preface.\\nSIGHT An Exposition of the Principles of Monocular and Binocular Vision\\nBy Joseph Le Conte, LL. D., author of Elements of Geology Ee-\\nligion and Science and Professor of Geology and Natural History in the\\nUniversity of California. With numerous Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.\\nIt is pleasant to find an American book which can rank with the very best\\nof foreign works on this subject. Professor Le Conte has long been known as\\nan original investigator in this department all that he gives us is treated with\\na master-hand. The Nation.\\nANIMAL, LIFE, as affected by the Natural Conditious of Existence. By\\nKarl Semper, Professor of the University of Wiirzburg. With 2 Maps\\nand 106 Woodcuts, and Index. 12mo, cloth, $2.00.\\nThis is in many respects one of the most interesting contributions to\\nzo51ogical literature which has appeared for some iim.Q. Nature.\\nTHE ATOMIC THEORY. By Ad. Wuetz. Membre de Tlnstitut Doyen\\nHonoraire de la Faculte de Medecine Professeur a la Faculte des Sciences\\nde Paris, Translated by E. Cleminshaw, M. A., F.C.S., F. I. C, Assist-\\nant Master at Sherborne School. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.\\nThere was need for a book like this, which discusses the atomic theory both\\nin its historic evolution and in its present form. And perhaps no man of this\\nage could have been selected so able to perform the task in a masterly way as\\nthe illustrious French chemist, Adolph Wurtz. It is impossible to convey to the\\nreader, in a notice like this, any adequate idea of the scope, lucid instructiveness,\\nand scientific interest of Professor Wurtz s book. The modern problems of\\nchemistry, which are commonly so obscure from imperfect exposition, are here\\nmade wonderfully clear and attractive. 27^6 Popular Science Monthly.\\nTHE CRAYTISH. An Introduction to the Study of Zoology. By Professor\\nT. H. Huxley, P. R. S. With 82 Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.75.\\nWhoever will follow these pages, crayfish in hand, and will try to verify for\\nhimself the statements which they contain, will find himself brought face to face\\nwith all the ereat zoological questions which excite so lively an interest at the\\npresent day.\\nThe reader of this valuable monograph will lay it down with a feeling of\\nwonder at the amount, and variety of matter which has been got out of so seem-\\ningly slight and unpretending a subject. Saturday Beview.\\nD. APPLETON CO., Publishers,\\n1, 3, 5 Bond Street, New York.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "Scientific Publications.\\nTHE HUMAN SPECIES. By A. De Quateefages, Professor of Anthro-\\npology in the Museum of Natural History, Paris. ISin o, cloth, $2.00.\\nThe work treats of the unity, origin, antiquity, and original localization of\\nthe human species, peopling of the globe, acclimatization, primitive man. forma-\\ntion of the human races, fossil human races, present human races, and the physi-\\ncal and psychological characters of mankind.\\nMODERN CHUOMATICS. With Applications to Art and Industry. With\\n130 Original Iliustrations, and Frontispiece in Colors. By Ogden N. Rood^\\nProfessor of Physics in Columbia College. 12mo, cloth, |2.00.\\nIn this interesting book Professor Eood, who, as a distinguished Professor\\nof Physics in Columbia College, United States, must be accepted as a competent\\nauthority on the branch of science of which he treats, deals briefly and succinctly\\nwith what may be termed the scientific rationale of his subject. But the chief\\nvalue of his work is to be attributed to the fact that he is himself an accom-\\nplished artist as well as an authoritative expounder of science. Edinburgh\\nBeview, October, 1879, in an article on The Philosophy of Color.\\nEDUCATION AS A SCIENCE. By Alexander Bain, LL. D. 12mo, cloth,\\n$1.75.\\nThis work must be pronounced the most remarkable discussion of educa-\\ntional problems which has been published in our day. We do not hesitate to\\nbespeak for it the widest circulation and the most earnest attention. It should\\nbe in the hands of every school-teacher and friend of education throughout the\\nland. iV6w York Sun.\\nA HISTORY OF THE GROWTH OF THE STEAM-ENGINE. By\\nRobert H. Thurston, A. M., C. E., Professor of Mechanical Engineering\\nin the Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. J., etc. With 163\\nIllustrations, including 15 Portraits, 12mo, cloth, $2.50,\\nProfessor Thurston almost exhausts his subject details of mechanism are\\nfollowed by interesting biographies of the more important inventors. If, as is\\ncontended, the steam-engine is the most important physical agent in civilizjng\\nthe world, its history is a desideratum, and the readers of the present work will\\nagree that it could have a no more amusing and intelligent historian than our\\nauthor. .Boston Gazette.\\nSTUDIES IN SPECTRUM ANALYSIS. By J. Norman Lockter, F. R. S.,\\nCorrespondent of the Institute of France, etc. With 60 Illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth, $2.50.\\nThe study of spectrum analvsis is one fraught with a peculiar fascination,\\nand some of the author s experiments are exceedingly picturesque in their re-\\nsults. They are so lucidly described, too, that the reader keeps on, from page\\nto paf^e, never flac^ging in interest in the matter before him, nor putting down\\nthe book until the last page is reached. iVeiw York Evening Express.\\nD. APPLETON CO., Publishers,\\n1, 8, 5 Bond Street, New York.", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "Scientific Publications.\\nTEXT-BOOK OF SYSTEMATIC MINERAILOGY. By Henbt Baxter\\nMAN, F. G. S., Associate of the Royal School of Mines. (New volume in\\nthe Text-Books of Science Series. 16mo, cloth. Price, $2.50.\\nANTHKOPOLiOGY An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization.\\nBy Ed-waed B. Ttlor, D.C.L., F. R. S., author of Primitive Culture,\\nThe Early History of Mankind, etc. With 78 Illustrations. 12mo.\\nWith Index. Cloth, $2.00.\\nMr. Tylor s admirahle little book certainly deserves the success with which\\nit will doubtless meet. Pa^^ Mall Gazette.\\nSCIENTIFIC CULTURE, AND OTHER ESSAYS. By Joseph Paesons\\nCooke, Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in Harvard College. One\\nvol., square 16mo, cloth. Price, $1.00.\\nPOPULAR LECTURES ON SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS. By H. Helm-\\nHOLTZ, Professor of Physics at the University of Berlin. Second Series,\\n12mo, cloth, $1.50.\\nThe favor with which the first series of Professor Helmholtz s lectures was\\nreceived justifies, if\u00c2\u00bba justification is needed, the publication of the present\\nvolume.\\nTHE POWER OF MOVEIVIENT IN PLANTS. By Charles Darwin,\\nLL. D., F. R. S., assisted by Feancis Darwin. With Illustrations. 12mo,\\ncloth, $2.00.\\nMr, Darwin s latest study of plant-life shows no abatement of his power of\\nwork or his habits of fresh and original observation. We have learned to expect\\nfrom him at intervals, never much prolonged, the results of special research in\\nsome by-path or other subordinated to the main course of the biological system\\nassociated with his name; and it has been an unfailing source of interest to see\\nthe central ideas of the evolution and the continuity of life developed in detail\\nthrough a series of special treatises, each wellnigh exhaustive of the materials,\\navailable for its -subject. /Sa^wr^^ay Beview.\\nA PHYSICAL TREATISE ON ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.\\nBy J. E. H. Gordon, B. A., Assistant Secretary of the British Association.\\nWith about 200 full-page and other Ulustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $7.00.\\nWe welcome most heartily Mr. Gordon s valuable contribution to the experimen-\\ntal side of the science. It at once takes its place among the books with which every\\ninvestigator and every teacher who goes beyond the merest rudiments must needs\\nequip himself. There Is certainly no book in English we think there is none in any\\nother language which covers quite the same ground. It records the most recent ad-\\nvances in the experimental treatment of electrical problems, it describes with minute\\ncarefulness the instruments and methods in use in physical laboratories, and is prodi-\\ngal of beautifully executed diagrams and drawings made to scale. London Times.\\nD. APPLETON CO., Publishers,\\n1, 3, 5 Bond Street, New York.", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "^^1", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3557", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3568", "width": "2199", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3678", "width": "2309", "jp2-path": "floridafortouris01barb_0340.jp2"}}