{"1": {"fulltext": "^^^^^^^^^^^^H\\nPJEHS!\\nT 316\\n^^^^^^^^^^^^1\\n^^^^Ki\\n,B85\\ni^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^I^H\\nI^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H\\nSiartKnlS\\n1", "height": "2917", "width": "2066", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": ".V^ ^.f\\nA\\na\u00c2\u00ab. aV ^v- o.T* 0^\\n4 t o\\nv^\\ni^\\noil** .i\\n^oV*", "height": "2774", "width": "1912", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2774", "width": "1912", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "^C ^/7\\n^/r, /6Co\\nxCa.^.^-^^-^", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "1869,", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "A\\naXJIDE-BOOK\\nOF\\nFLORIDA AND THE SOUTH,\\nFOR\\nTOURISTS, INVALIDS AND EMIGRANTS,\\nWITH A MAP OF THE ST. JOHN RIVER,\\nBy DANIEL G. BRINTON, A. M., M. D.,\\nPHILADELPHIA\\nllO SAKSOM STEEEl^.\\nJACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA!\\nCOLUMBUS DREW.\\n1869.", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "_ v\u00c2\u00bb5(rj!?.", "height": "2958", "width": "1337", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1769", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "PROM THE PRESS OP WTLIB GRIK8T,\\nInquirer Printing House and Book Bindery, Lancaster, Penn a.\\n1 3\\\\U", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThis unpretending little book is designed to give the visitor\\nto Florida such information as will make his trip more useful\\nand more pleasant. In writing it I have had in mind the ex-\\ncellent European Guide-Books of Karl Baedeker, the best, to my\\nmind, ever pubhshed. Though I have not followed his plan\\nvery closely, I have done so to the extent the character of our\\ncountry seems to allow.\\nI have borrowed from him the use of the asterisk to de-\\nnote that the object so designated is especially noteworthy, or\\nthat the hotel thus distinguished is known to me to be well\\nkept, either from my own observation or that of friends.\\nMost of the localities are described from my own notes taken\\nduring an extended tour through the peninsula, but for much\\nrespecting railroad fare, accommodations, and charges, I am in-\\ndebted to a large number of tourists and correspondents wha\\nhave related to me their experience. To all these I express\\nmy warmest thanks for their assistance.\\nAs of course such matters are constantly changing, and as I\\nshall be most desirous to correct any errors, and bring the\\nwork fully up to the times in future editions, I shall esteem it a\\nparticular favor if those who use this book will forward me any\\nnotes or observation which will aid me in improving it. Such\\ncommunications may be addressed care of Mie -Penn Pub-\\nlisliing Co., 719 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, Penna.\\nThe map of the St. John River is based on that drawn by\\nki tey friend, Mr. H. Lindenkohlj U. S. Coast Survey.\\nPhiladelphia, August, 1869.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nPage.\\nPreface iii\\nContents iv\\nPRELIMINARY HINTS.\\n1. Season for Soutliern Travel 9\\n2. Preparations for the Journey 10\\nPART I \u00e2\u0080\u0094SOUTHERN ROUTES.\\n1. Steamship Lines 13\\n2. Washington to Kichmond 14\\n3. Ptichmond to Charleston 18\\n4. Aiken, S. C, and the Southern Highlands 22\\n5. Charleston to Savannah 26\\n6. Savannah to Jacksonville 29\\nPART II.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FLORIDA.\\n1. Historical. 32\\n2. Books \u00c2\u00ab,nd Maps 35", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "V\\nPage.\\n3. Physical Geography of Florida. 1. Geographical For-\\nmation. 2. Soil and Crops. 3. Climate and Health.\\n4. Vegetable and Animal Life 37\\n4. The St. John River and St. Augustine (Indian River,) 52\\n5. Jacksonville to Tallahasse, Quincy, and St. Marks 81\\n6. The Oklawaha River and the Silver Spring 88\\n7. Fernandina to Cedar Keys. 93\\n8. Key West, the Florida Keys and the Gulf Coast 97\\n9. The Western Coast (Tampa, Apalachicola, Pensacola,\\nMobile) 1C6\\nPART III.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 CHAPTERS TO INVALIDS.\\nI* When is a change of climate advisable 115\\nIE. What climate shall be chosen 120\\nIII. Where is the best Southern winter climate? 128\\nIV. Some hints to Health-Seekers 130", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of CoHgress, in the year 1869, by\\nDANIEL G. B RINTON, A. M., M. D.,\\nin the Clerk s OflB.ce of the District Court of the United States, in\\nand for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "GMJIDE-BOOK\\nOF\\nFLORIDA AND THE SOUTH.\\nPRELIMINARY HINTS.\\nTHE SEASON FOR SOUTHERN TRAVEL.\\nThe season for Southern travel commences in Octob ^r\\nand ends in May. After the latter month the periodi-\\ncal rains commence in Florida, and the mid-day heat is\\nrelaxing and oppressive. About mid-summer the swamp\\nmiasm begins to pervade the low grounds, and spreads\\naround them an invisible poisonous exhalation, into\\nwhich the travele:r ventures at his peril. This increases\\nin violence until September, when it loses its power\\nwith the returning cold. When one or two sharp frosts\\nhave been felt in TewYork or Philadelphia, the dan-\\nger is chiefly past; Nevertheless, for mere considera-\\ntions of health. \\\\N ovember is soon enough to reach the\\nGulf States. Those who- start earlier will do well to\\nlinger in som e of the matiy attractive spots on their way\\nthrough the more Northern States. A congestive chill\\nis a serious matter, and even the lightest attack of fever\\nand ague can destroy the pleasure and annul the bene-\\nfit of a winter s tour.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "10\\nPBEPARATIONS FOR THE JOURNEY.\\nThe comfort of a journey is vastl} enhanced by a few\\nsimple precautions before starting. And if I seem too\\nminute here, it is because I am writing for many to\\nwhom the little miseries of traveling are real afflic-\\ntions.\\nBefore you leave home have your teeth thoroughly set\\nin order by a skilful dentist. If there has been a phil-\\nosopher who could tranquilly bear a jumping toothache,\\nhis name is not on record\\nA necessaire containing soap, brushes, and all the et-\\nceteras of the toilet is indispensable. It is prudent in\\nmany parts of the South to carry your own towels.\\nSpectacles of plain glass, violet, light green, or light\\ngrey, are often a comfort in the sun and in the cars, and\\nif the eyes are weak should not be omitted.\\nA strong, silk musquito net, with fine meshes, will be\\nhighly prized in the autumn nights. A teaspoonful of\\ncarbolic acid or camphor, sprinkled in the room, or an\\nointment of cold cream scented with turpentine, will be\\nfound very disagreeable to these insects, and often equ-\\nally so to the traveler.\\nOne or two air cushions take up but little room, and\\nshould be provided for every invalid.\\nShoes are preferable for ordinary journeys. In their\\nmake, let reason and not fashion rule. The j should be\\ndouble soled, have lov/ and broad heels, lace firmly\\naround the ankle, and fit loosely over the toes. Eubber\\nboots or overshoes should be abolished, especially from\\nthe invalid s outfit. Kubber overcoats, are equally ob-\\njectionable. They are all Unwholesome contrivances.\\nA pair of easy slippers must always be remembered.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "11\\nFor ladies a hood, for gentlemen a felt hat, are the\\nproper head-dresses on the route.\\nIn all parts of the South woolen clothing is required\\nin winter, and flannel under-clothing should be worn by\\nevery one who goes there in pursuit of health. Kext\\nto flannel, cotton is to be recommended. It is more a\\nnon-conductor of heat than linen, and thus better pro-\\ntects the body from changes of temperature.\\nEvery person in feeble health\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and those who are\\nrobust will not find the suggestion amiss should have\\nwith them a few cases of devilled ham, sardines, potted\\nmeats, German sausage, or other savory and portable\\npreparations, which, with the assistance of a few crack-\\ners or a piece of bread, will make a good lunch. A\\nflask of wine or something similar, helps out such an\\nimpromptu meal. Frequently it is much better than\\nto gulp down a badly cooked dinner in the time allow-\\ned by the trains.\\nA strong umbrella, and a stout pocket knife, are in-\\ndispensable. Guns, ammunition, rods, and fishing\\ntackle should always be provided before starting. They\\nshould be well protected from dampness, especially the\\nguns and powder. Florida is the paradise of the sports-\\nman, and those who are able should not omit to have a\\ncamp hunt while there. Tents, camp equipage, and\\nthe greater part of the supplies should be purchased in\\nthe Srorth, as they are dearer and not often the best\\nin the Sou het-n cities.\\nOn arriving at a hotel, first see that your baggage is\\nsafe then that your room is well aired, and the sheets\\non the bed dry.\\nIt is always well in traveling to have baggage enough", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "12\\nalways a bother to have too much. A good sized\\nleather traveling-bag will do for the single man but\\nwhere a lady is attached, a medium sized leather trunk,\\nwhich can be expressed or checked through, and a\\nlight traveling-bag, to be taken into the cars and state-\\nrooms, and carried in the hand, are the requisites.\\nMoney can be transmitted so readily by certified check\\nor draft, that a tourist need not carry much with him.\\nHe should, however, have a reserve fund about him, so\\nas to be prepared for one of those disagreeable emer-\\ngencies which nearly every veteran traveler has at some\\ntime experienced.\\nEvery one who visits a strange land should strive to\\ninterest himself in its condition, resources, history and\\npeculiarities. The invalid, beyond all others, should\\ncultivate an interest in his surroundings. Nothing so\\nwell sustains a failing body as an active mind. For\\nthat purpose, local histories, maps, etc., should always\\nbe purchased. I have indicated, under the different\\ncities, what works there are of this kind in the market,\\nand, in the introductory remarks on Florida, have men-\\ntioned several of a more general character, which should\\nbe purchased and read before going there. (For fur-\\nther hints see the last chapter of this work.)", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "PART I.\\nSOUTHERN ROUTES.\\n1. STEAMSHIP LIWES.\\nIn visiting the South Atlantic States the tourist from\\nthe North has a choice of a number of routes.\\nSteamers leave ISTew York for Charleston, Savannah,\\nFernandina, and Key West, advertisements of which\\ngiving days of sailing can be seen m the principal daily\\npapers. Philadelphia has regular steamship lines to\\nCharleston, Savannah, and Key West. From Charles-\\nton and Savannah boats run every other daytoFernan-\\ndina, Jacksonville, and Palatka on the St. John river.\\nThe whole or a portion of a journey to Florida can be\\naccomplished by water, and the steamships are decidedly\\npreferable to the cars for those who do not suffer much\\nfrom sea sickness.\\nThe most direct route by railroad is the Atlantic\\nCoast Line, by way of Washington, Acquia Creek,\\nRichmond, Petersburg, Weldon, Wilmington, and\\nCharleston. From Philadelphia to Wilmington the\\ntime is 28 hours, fare $21.90; to Charleston 40 hours,\\nfare $24.00 to Savannah, fare $33.00 to Jacksonville,\\nfare $38.65. Through tickets and full information can\\nbe obtained in Kew York at 193 Broadway Philadel-\\nphia 828 Chestnut Street.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "14\\nIt is proposed to establish a direct line of steamers\\nfrom Kew York to Jacksonville. It is to be hoped that\\nthis will be done promptly, as it will greatly increase\\ntrade and travel.\\n2. WASHINGTON TO RICHMOND.\\nDistance, 130 miles; time 7.30 hours.\\nUntil the tourist leaves Washington, he is on the\\nbeaten track of travel, and needs no hints for his guid-\\nance or, if he does, can find them in abundance.\\nTurning his face southward, he may leave our capital\\neither in the cars from the Baltimore depot to Alexan-\\ndria and Acquia Creek, or, what is to be recommended\\nas the more pleasant alternative, he may go by steam-\\nboat to this station, a distance of 55 miles. The banks\\nof the Potomac present an attractive diversity of high-\\nland and meadow. A glimpse is caught of Mt. Vernon,\\nand those who desire it can stop and visit those scenes\\nonce so dear to him whose memory is dear to us all.\\nThe reminiscences, however, which one acquires by a\\nvisit to Mount Yernon are rarely satisfactory.\\nFrom Acquia Creek landing the railroad passes\\nthrough a country still betraying the sears and scars of\\nconflict, though, happily, it is recovering in some meas-\\nure from those sad experiences. Frtdericksburg (15\\nmiles; hotel, the Planter s House, poor,) may have\\nenough of interest to induce some one to layover a\\ntrain. It is an unattractive spot, except for its histori-\\ncal associations. These are so fresh in the memory of\\nmost that it is unnecessary to mention them.\\nBeyond Fredericksburg a number of stations are\\npassed none of any size. The distance to Kichmond is\\n60 miles.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "15\\nRichmond.\\nHotels. Ballard House ($4.00 per day) Spottsvvood,\\nExchange (each $2 per day) Ford s Hotel on Capitol\\nSquare ($2.50 per day); St. Charles ($2.00.)\\nBoarding ifowscs.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Arlington House, corner Main and\\n6th street; Valentine House, on Capitol Square Rich-\\nmond House, corner Governor and Ross streets; Mrs.\\nBidgood s, 61 East Main street; Mrs. Brander, 107 E.\\nFranklin street, (all about $12.00 per week).\\nTelegraph Offices in Spottswood and Exchange Hotels-\\nReading Rooms at the Y. M. C. A. The Virginia State\\nLibrary was pillaged in 1865, and the Virginia Histori-\\ncal Library bnrned.\\nTheatre. The Richmond Theatre has a respectable\\nstock company, and is visited by most of the stars of\\nthe stage.\\nBooksellers. West Johnson, 1006 Main St., (Brin-\\nton s Guide-Booh.)\\nChurches of all denominations.\\nRichmond derives it name from the ancient burgh of\\nthe same name on the Thames. The word is supposed\\nto be a corruption of rotre mont, and applies very well\\nto the modern namesake. Like Rome, it is seated upon\\nseven hills, and if it has never commanded the world,\\nit will be forever famous as the seat of the government\\nof the whilom Confederacy. It is situated at the Great\\nFalls of the James river, on the Richmond and Shoccoe\\nMils, between which flows the Shoccoe creek.\\nIn the early maps of the colony, the site of the present\\ncity is marked as Byrd s Warehouse, an ancient tracl-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "16.\\ning post, we can imagine, said to Lave stood where the\\nExchange hotel is now built. In 1742 the city was es-\\ntablished, and has ever since been the chief center of\\nVirginian life.\\nThe capitol is a showy edifice, on Shoccoe hill. The\\nplan was taken from the Maison Quarre, of Nismes,\\nwith some modifications, among others the Doric pillars.\\nIt stands in the midst of a square of eight acres. In\\nthis building the Confederate Congress held its sessions.\\nIt contains, among other objects, a well cut statue of\\nWashington, dating from the last century, fait par\\nHoudin, citoi/en Francais,^ as we learn from the inscrip-\\ntion, and a bust of Lafayette. Two relics of the old\\ncolonial times are exhibited the one a carved chair\\nwhich once belonged to the house of Burgesses, of\\nKorfolk the other a huge stove, of singular shape,\\nbearing the colonial arms of Virginia in relief. This\\nlatter is the product of a certain Buzaglo. It is eight or\\nten feet high, and slopes from base to summit. A let-\\nter of the inventor is extant, addressed to Lord Bote-\\ntourt, in which he speaks of it as excelled anything\\never seen of the kind, and a masterpiece not to be ex-\\ncelled in all Europe.\\nIn the square around the capitol is an* equestrian\\nstatue of Gen. George Washington, constructed by\\nCrawford, and erected February 22, 1858. Its total\\nheight is sixty feet. Around its base are six pedestals,\\nupon which are figures of Thomas Jefferson, Patrick\\nHenry, Marshall, Gov. Kelson, George Mason and An-\\ndrew Lewis, the latter an Indian fighter, once of celeb-\\nrity in Western Virginia.\\nTo the left of this is a small statue of Henry Clay,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "17.\\nerected by the ladies of Virginia, made by Hart, and\\ninaugurated in 1860.\\nOn the eastern side of the square is the residence of\\nthe Governor, and on another side tlie City Hall, a\\nhandsome edifice with Doric columns.\\nSt. John s Church, on Richmond Hill, is the oldest\\nchurch edifice in the city. The tower and belfry are,\\nhowever, a modern addition. From its church-yard,\\ndotted with ancient tombs, one of the most charming\\nviews of the city can be obtained. In this ciiurch, in\\n1775, the young and brilliant orator, Patrick Henry,\\ndelivered his famous oration before the Virginia Con-\\nvention, which concludes with the famous words, Give\\nme liberty, or give me death.\\nThe Tredegar Iron Works, Libby Prison, at the cor-\\nner of Thirty-fifth and Main streets. Belle Isle, and\\nCastle Thunder, will be visited by most tourists as ob-\\njects of interest. ^Hollywood cemetery, near the city\\nis a quiet and beautiful spot, well deserving a visic.\\nIn the fire of April 2, 1865, about one thousand build-\\nings Were destroyed, but the ravages of that disastrous\\nepoch are now nearly concealed by new and handsome\\nstructures.\\nThe Falls of the James are properly rapids, the bed\\nof the river making a descent of only eighty feet in\\ntwo miles. They furnish a valuable water-power.\\n^Hollywood Cemetery, one mile from the city, is a\\nspot of great natural beauty. Here lie the remains of\\nPresidents Monroe and Tyler, and other distinguished\\nmen, as well as of many thousand Confederate soldiers.\\nA rough granite monument has recently been erected\\nm memory of the latter.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "18\\nButler s Dutch Gap and Drewy s Bluff, and the fa-\\nmous battle fields near the city, will be visited with in-\\nterest by many.\\nThose who would visit the mineral springs of Virginia,\\nwill find ample information in Dr. Moorhead s volume\\non them, or in that by Mr. Burke. Both can be ob-\\ntained of West Johnson, booksellers, Main street.\\nThe Katural Bridge, one of the most remarkable cu-\\nriositiea in the State, is best approached by way of\\nLynchburg, from which place it is distant 35 miles, by\\ncanal.\\n3. RICHMOND TO CHARLESTOM\\nFrom Richmond to Petersburg is 32 miles on the\\nRichmond and Petersburg railway. The earthworks\\nand fortifications around the latter town, memorials of\\nour recent conflict, are well worth a visit from those\\nwho have not already seen too many such curiosities to\\ncare for more.\\n64 miles beyond Petersburg the train reaches Weldon,\\non the Roanoke river, a few miles within the boundary\\nof Korth Carolina [GoucVs Hotel.)\\nFrom Weldon to Groldsboro, the next stopping place\\nof importance, is 78 miles, 7.30 hours. It is a place of\\nabout 5000 inhabitants, half white and half colored.\\nHotels. Griswold Hotel, Gregory s Hotel, both $3\\nper day.\\nBoarding Househj Mrs Tompkms, $2 per day.\\nThe road here intersects the IS orth Carolina, and At-\\nlantic andlSTorth Carolina railways, the latter running to\\nMorehead city and Beaufort, on the coast, (95 miles)\\nand the former to Raleigh, the capitol of the State, (48", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "19\\nmiles) and interior towns. From Goldsboro to Wil-\\nmington is 84 miles.\\nHotels. Purcell House, $4 per day Fulton House,\\n$3 per day.\\nBoarding Houses. McRea House, Brock s Exchange,\\nabout $2 per day, $40.00 per month.\\nNewspapers. Post^ republican, Journal, democratic.\\nSteamboat Line to Fayetteville N. C, (130 miles, fare\\n$5.00) to Sraithville, at the mouth of Cape Fear, (30\\nmiles, fare $1.50.)\\nWilmington (16,000 inhabitants) is on Cape Fear\\nriver, 25 miles from the sea. It is well built. The staples\\nare turpentine and resinous products. The vicinity is\\nflat and saudy. At this point the railroad changes from\\nthe Kew York guage, 5 jfeet, to the Charleston guage,\\n4 feet 8 inches.\\nThe journey from Richmond to Charleston can also\\nbe made by way of Greensboro, Charlotte and Colum-\\nbia. This route leads through the interior of the coun-\\ntry, and, though longer, offers a more diversified scene\\nto the eye.\\nTo Greensboro, on the Richmond Danville and\\nPiedmont Railways, is 189 miles thence on the Korth\\nCarolina Railway to Charlotte, 93 miles; then on the\\nCharlotte S. Carolina railway to Columbia, S. C, 107\\nmiles (Mckerson s hotel, $3.00 per day, newly fitted up)\\nthence by the Columbia Branch of the South Carolina\\nRailway to Charleston, 130 miles.\\nSalisbury, K. C, 150 miles south of Greensboro, is the\\nmost convenient point to enter the celebrated mountain\\nregions of Korth Carolina. A railway runs thence to\\nMorgantown, in the midst of the sublime scenery of the", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20\\nBlack mountains, and in close proximit} to the beauti-\\nful falls of the Catawba. Charlotte {hotel^ the Mansion\\nHouse), is in the center of the gold region of iSTorth\\nCarolina, and the site of a United States Branch Mint.\\nIt is also the scene of the battle of Guilford Court House,\\nduring the revolutionary war.\\nThe capitol, in Columbia, is considered a very hand-\\nsome building.\\nCHARLESTOiT.\\nHotels. ^Charleston Hotel, Mills House (newly fur-\\nnished), both on Meeting Street. Charges, $4.00 per\\nday. ^Pavilion Hotel, Mr. Butterfield, proprietor, $3.00\\nper day, also on Meeting Street. Planter s Hotel, Church\\nStreet, Victoria House, King Street, both $2.50 per day.\\nTelegraph Office^ on Broad near Church Street branch\\noffice in Charleston Hotel.\\nPost Office^ on Hazel Street, near Meeting.\\nChurcfies. Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Huguenot,\\nMethodist, c.\\nTheatre^ at the corner of King and Market Streets.\\nBathing Houses. One of salt water near the battery\\ntwo, with water of the artesian well, one at the well,\\nthe other in the Charleston Hotel.\\nLivery Stable, 21 Pinckney Street, connected with the\\nCharleston Hotel.\\nStreet Cars run on several of the streets fare, 10 cts.,\\n15 tickets for $1.00. All the hotels have omnibuses\\nwaiting at the depots.\\nPhysician. Dr. Geo. Caulier, 158 Meeting Street.\\nNewspapers, The Daily Courier, the Daily News.\\nDepots. The depot of the iSTortheastern E. R. from\\nWilmington to the north, is at the corner of Chapel", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "21\\nand Washington Sts. that of the road to Savannah is\\nat the foot of Mill street and that of the S. C. R. R.\\nto Aikin, Augusta, Atlanta, etc., is in Line street, be-\\ntween King and Meeting streets.\\nBookseller. John Russell, 288 King street. (Brin-\\nton s Guide-Book.)\\nLibraries. Charleston library, 30,000 vols. Appren-\\ntices library, 12,000 vols.\\nCharleston claims 40,000 inhabitants, the whites and\\nblacks being about equal in number. It is curious that\\nsince the war the mortality of the latter has been twice\\nas great as of the whites.\\nThe city is seven miles from the ocean at the junc-\\ntion of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, and has an ex-\\ncellent harbor, surrounded by works of defence. On\\nthe sea line is Port Moultrie Castle Pinkney stands\\nat the entrance to the city south of the latter is Fort\\nRipley, built of palmetto logs while in the midst of\\nthe harbor stands the famous Fort Sumter.\\nThe ravages caused by the terrible events of the late\\nwar have yet been only very partially repaired in\\nCharleston. The greater part of the burnt district is\\ndeserted and waste.\\nThe history of Charleston,, previous to that event, is\\nnot of conspicuous interest. The city was first com-\\nmenced by English settlers, in 1672, and for a long time\\nhad a struggling existence. Many of its early inhabi-\\ntants were Huguenots, who fled thither to escape the\\npersecutions which followed the revocation of the edict\\nof Kantes. A church is still maintained in which their\\nancient worship is celebrated.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22\\nOf public buildings, the ancient church of St. Mich-\\nael s, built about 1750, has some claim to architectural\\nbeauty.\\nThe fashionable quarter of the city is the Battery.\\n*Magnolia cemetery, on the Cooper river, is well\\nworth a visit. It is one of the most beautiful in the\\nSouth. It was laid out in 1850, and contains some hand-\\nsome monuments.\\nThe Custom House is a fine building, of white marble.\\nThose who wish to visit Fort Sumter, and review the\\nscenes of 1861, can be accommodated by a small sailing\\nvessel, which leaves the wharf every morning at 10.30\\no clock.\\nIn the church-yard of St. Philip s is the tomb of John\\nC. Calhoun. A slab, bearing the single word Calhoun,\\nmarks the spot.\\nThe museum of the Medical College is considered\\none of the finest in the United States.\\n4. AIKEKT, S. O., AISTD THE SOUTHERN HIGH-\\nLAOTDS.\\nWithin the past ten years the advantages for invalids\\nof a residence in the highlands of the Carolinas, Geor-\\ngia and Tennessee have been repeatedly urged on the\\npublic. The climate in these localities is dry and mild,\\nexceedingly well adapted, therefore, for such cases as\\nfind the severe cold of Minnesota irritating, and the\\nmoist warmth of Florida enervating. Aiken, S. C,\\nAtlanta, Ga., Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga,\\nEast Tennessee, and other localities offer good ac-\\ncommodations, and have almost equal advantages in", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "23\\npoint of climate. Like other resorts, they do not agree\\nwith all invalids, but they are suitable for a large class.\\nOne of the best known and most eligible is\\nAiKEK, South Carolina.\\nDistance from Charleston, by the South Carolina\\nRailroad, 120 miles. Time 8 hours. Two trains daily.\\nFare $6.\\nHotels.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Aiken Hotel, H. Smyser, proprietor.\\nEngage rooms a week ahead. Fare, $3.00 per day. A\\nSanitarium is in process of construction on a beautiful\\neminence west of the town.\\nBoarding can be obtained in a number of private fam-\\nilies.\\nTelegraph station at the depot.\\nLivery Stables, two. Horse and buggy, $4.00 per\\nday saddle horse, $2.50 per day.\\nChurches. Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist and\\nBaptist.\\nThe town has about 1,500 inhabitants, though the\\npassing traveler would not think so, as the railroad\\npasses through a deep cut, which conceals most of the\\nhouses. Whites and blacks are about equal in number.\\nThe streets are wide, sandy, and not very neat.\\nThe site is on the ridge which divides the valleys of\\nthe Edisto and Savannah rivers. At this point the ele-\\nvation is 600 feet above sea level. The loose soil of si-\\nliceous sand and red clay, and the rapid declivities, in-\\nsure an exceileat drainage, The water is clear, and\\ncontains some traces of iron and magnesia, rather ben-\\neficial than otherwise.\\nThe climate is agreeable in both winter and summer.\\nThe mean temperature of the year is 62 degrees Fah-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24\\nreoheit of the three whiter months 46.5, 45 and 50 de-\\ngrees. The thermometer rarely registers under 20 de-\\ngrees. Rain falls to the depth of 37 inches annually,\\nthe wettest season being in summer. Frosts commence\\nabout the middle of November, and cease about the\\nlast of March. The prevailing winds are southerly in\\nsummer, easterly and northerly in winter. The dew\\npoint is always low, indicating a dry atmosphere. Ma-\\nlarial diseases are asserted to be entirely miknown.\\nThe soil is lauded, and with justness, for its fitness for\\nfruit culture. Orchards, vinej^ards and garden plots are\\nexceedingly productive, but the more staple crops do\\nnot correspond in excellence. The wines of Aiken have\\nlong been known in commerce. Though not high fla-\\nvored, with none of the bouquet which lends such value\\nto the vintages of the Upper Rhine, they are a pure\\nand health}^ beverage. It must be remembered that\\nagriculture, in the sense of the word in Pennsylvania\\nand New York, is almost an unknown art in this part\\nof the South.\\nExcept its advantages in connection with health,\\nAiken offers little to attract the tourist. In the stone\\nquarries near the railroad the geologist can collect some\\nvery good specimens of fossil shells and corals from the\\ntertiary limestene. The buhr mill-stone abounds in\\nthis region, and has been successfully tried in mills.\\nProf. Tuomey in a report on the geology of the State\\npronounces these equal to the best French stones. They\\nhave however, never been put in the market v/ith energy.\\nThe wine cellars, especially that of Mr. Walker, will\\nhave attractions for those who delight to please the\\npallet with the juice of the grape. And the porcelain", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "25\\nworks near by, where stone ware is manufactured from\\nthe kaolin clay, may form the objective point of a] leas-\\nant excursion. If one s inclinations are to sport,? ride\\nof a few miles from town in any direction will bring one\\nto good partridge cover, while the numerous streams\\nin the vicinity are fairly stocked with trout, jack, bream\\nand perch. Pic-nics in the pine woods, and excursions\\nover the hills always supply ladies with means of inhal-\\ning the healthful air and enjoying invigorating exercise*\\nAtlanta.\\nFrom Aiken to Augusta, 16 miles, $1.00. From Au-\\ngusta to Atlanta by the Georgia railway, 171 miles,\\n$8.50 11 hours.\\nHotels.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The National, on Peach Tree Street, $4.00\\nper day; the United States and the American, oppo-\\nsite the depot, $3.00 per day.\\nTelegraph Office in Kimball s Opera House. Post\\nOffice, corner of Alabama and Broad streets.\\nBathing House on Alabama street, near U. S. Hotel.\\nCirculating Library at the Young Men s Library As-\\nsociation on Broad street.\\nAtlanta has about 20,000 inhabitants. The water is\\npure, the air bracing, and the climate resembles that\\nof IlTorthern Italy. The Walton Springs are in the\\ncity, furnishing a strongly chalybeate water, much\\nused, and with great success, as a tonic. The fall and\\nspring months are peculiarly delightful, and the vici?aity\\noffers many pleasant excursions.\\nCommunication by rail either to Chattanooga and\\nEast Tennessee, or south to Macon, etc., is conveni-\\nent.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "26\\n5\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FKOM CHAELESTO]^^ TO SAVANNAH.\\nThe tourist has the choice of the railway via Coosaw-\\nhatchie, or via Augusta, Georgia, or the steamers. The\\nfirst mentioned road was destroyed during the war, and\\nis not yet in running order.\\nSteamboats also leave Charleston every Thursday\\nand Saturday, direct for Fernandina, Jacksonville and\\nPalatka, and should be chosen by those who do not\\nsuffer from seasickness. They are roomy, and the table\\nwell supplied.\\nSavannah.\\nHotels. ^Screven House, Pulaski House both S4.00 a\\nday. ^Marshall House, $3.00 per day, $15.00 per week,\\nan excellent table. -Pavilion Hotel, Mr. Koe. Proprie-\\ntor; a quiet, pleasant house for invalids, S3.00 per\\nday.\\nBoarding Houses. Mrs. McAlpin, South Broad\\nstreet Mrs. Kollock, South Broad street Mrs. Savage,\\nBarnard Street all S3.00 iDcr day, $14.00 per week.\\nPost Office and Telegrapli Office on Bay street, near\\nthe Pulaski House.\\nStreet Cars start from the post office to various parts\\nof the city. Fare, 10 cents 14 tickets for $1.00. Om-\\nnibuses meet the various trains, and steamboats will\\ndeliver passengers anywhere in the city for 75 cents\\neach.\\nLivery Stables are connected with all the hotels.\\nRestaurants. The best is the Restaurant Francais, in\\nWhitaker Street, between Bay and Bryan Streets.\\nNewspapers. Daily Savannah NeioSy Daily Morning\\nNews.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "27\\nBookstores. J. Schreiner Co., near the Pulaski\\nHouse. (Brinton s Guide-Boole^ Historical Record of\\nSavannah,)\\nDepots. The Central Railroad depot is in the south-\\nwestern part of the city, corner of Liberty and E.\\nBroad Streets. The railroad from Charleston has its\\nterminus here. The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad is in the\\nsouth-eastern part of the city, corner of Liberty and\\nE. Broad Streets.\\nSavannah is situated in Chatham county, Ga., on a\\nbluff, about forty feet high, seven miles above the\\nmouth of the river of the same name, on its right bank.\\nIts present population is estimated at 40,000.\\nThe city was founded by Gov. James Oglethorpe, in\\n1733. It played a conspicucus part during the Revolu-\\ntion. With characteristic loyalty to the cause of free-\\ndom the Council of Safety passed a resolution in 1776\\nto burn the town rather than have it fall into the hands\\nof the British. Keverthless, two years afterwards the\\nroyal troops obtained possession of it by a strategic\\nmovement. In the autumn of 1779 the American forces\\nunder General Lincoln, and the distinguished Polish\\npatriot. Count Casimir Pulaski, with their French allies\\nunder Count d Estaing, made a desperate but fruitless\\nattempt to regain it by assault. Both the foreign\\nnoblemen were wounded in a night assault on the works.\\nCount Pulaski mortally. The spot where he fell is where\\nthe Central Railroad depot now stands.\\nThe chief objects of interest are the monuments.\\nThe ^finest is to the memory of Pulaski. It is in Chipe-\\nwa square, and is a handsome shaft of marble, sur-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28\\nmounted by a statue of Liberty, and supported on a base\\nof granite. Its height is 55 feet its date of erection\\n1853.\\nAn older and plainer monument, some fifty feet high,\\nwithout inscription, stands in Johnson square. It was\\nerected in 1829, and is known as the Greene and Pulas-\\nki monument.\\nThe city is beautifully laid out, diversified with nu-\\nmerous small squares, with wide and shady streets.\\nBroad Street and Bay Street have each four rows of\\nthose popular southern shade trees known as the Pride\\nof India, or China trees [Melia Azedarach).\\nA praiseworthy energy has supplied the city with ex-\\ncellent water from public water works and, in Forsyth\\nPark, at the head of Bull Street, is a fountain of quite\\nelaborate workmanship.\\nSome of the public buildings are well worth visiting.\\nThe Georgia Historical Society has an excellent edifice,\\non Bryan Street, with a library of 7,500 volumes, among\\nwhich are said to be a number of valuable manuscripts.\\nThe ^Museum, on the northeast corner of Bull and\\nTaylor streets, contains a number of local curiosities.\\nThe Custom House is a handsome fire-proof structure\\nof Quincy granite.\\nThe Exchange building, now used as the Mayor s of-\\nfice, etc., ofiers, from its top, the best view of the city.\\nExcursions. Several days can be passed extremely\\npleasantly in short excursions from the city. One of\\nthe most interesting of these will be to\\n*Bonaventure Cemetery. This is situated 3 miles from\\nthe city, on the Warsaw river. A stately grove of live\\noaks, draped in the sombre weeds by the Spanish moss,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "29\\ncast an appropriate air of pensiveness around this rest-\\ning place of past generations. A cab holding four per-\\nsons to this locality costs $8.00.\\nThunderbolt^ a small town, (two hotels), 4i miles south-\\neast of the city, on a creek of the same name, is worth\\nvisiting, chiefly for the beautiful drive which leads to it.\\nCab fare for the trip, $8.00.\\nWhite Bluffs on the Vernon river, 10 miles from the\\ncity has two unpretending hotels, and is a favorite re-\\nsort of the citizens on account of the excellent shell road\\nwhich connects it with the city. Cab fare for the trip,\\n$10.00.\\nBethesda Orphan House, also 10 miles distant, is erect-\\ned on the site chosen by the Rev. Mr. Whitfield, very\\nearly in the history of the colony. Selina, the pious\\nCountess of Huntington, took a deep interest in its wel-\\nfare as long as she lived, and it is pleasant to think that\\nnow it is established on a permanent footing.\\nJasper Spring 2 miles from the city, is pointed out\\nas the spot where the bold Sergeant Jasper, with one\\nassistant, during the revolutionary war, surprised and\\ncaptured eight Britishers, and forced them to release a\\nprisoner. The thoughtless guard had stacked ai ms and\\nproceeded to the spring to drink, when the shrewd\\nSergeant who, anticipating this very move, was hidden\\nin the bushes near by, rushed forward, seized the mus-\\nkets, and brought the enemy to instant terms.\\n6. SAVANNAH TO JACKSONVILLE.\\nThe tourist has the choice of three routes for this\\npart of his journey. He can take a sea steamer, and\\npassing out the Savannah river, see no more land until\\nthe low shores at the mouth of the St. John River come", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "30\\nin sight. Or he can choose one of several small steam-\\nboats which ply in the narrow channels between the\\nsea-islands and the main, touching at Brunswick, Da-\\nrien, St. Catharine, Fernandina, etc., (fare $10.00). Or\\nlastly he has the option of the railroad, which will\\ncarry him through to Jacksonville in twelve hours and\\na half, in a first class sleeping car.\\nThe channel along the coast lies through extensive\\nsalt marshes, intersected by numerous brackish creeks\\nand lagoons. The boats are small, or they could not\\nthread the mazes of this net-work of narrow water-\\ncourses. The sea-islands, famous all over the world\\nfor their long-staple cotton, have a sandy, thin soil,\\nrising in hillocks and covered with a growth of live-\\noak, water-oak, bay, gum and pine. Between the is-\\nlands and the main land the grassy marshes extend for\\nseveral miles. In the distance the w^estem horizon is\\nhedged by a low wall of short-leaved pine. The sea\\nislands are moderately healthy, but the main land is\\nwet, flat and sterile, and its few inhabitants are ex-\\nposed to the most malignant forms of malarial fever\\nand pneumonia.\\nOn St. Catharine island is the plantation formerly\\nowned by Mr. Pierce Butler, and the scene of Mrs.\\nFrancis Kemble Butler s well-known work, Life on a\\nGeorgia Plantation. On Cumberland island, the most\\nsouthern of the sea-islands belonging to Georgia, is the\\nDungerness estate, 6000 acres in extent, once owned by\\nGen. ISTat. Greene, of Revolutionary fame, and recently\\nbought by Senator Sprague, of Rhode Island, for $10\\nper acre. With proper cultivation it would yield mag-\\nnificent crops of sea-island cotton.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "31\\nFernandina on Amelia Island, the terminus of the\\nFernandina and Cedar Keys Railroad, is a town of\\ngrowing importance (pop. about 2,000; hotels, Virginia\\nHouse, containing the telegraph office the Whitfield\\nHouse, both $3.00 per day; newspaper, the Island City\\nWeekly.) This is one of the old Spanish settlements,\\nand the traces of the indigo fields are still visible over\\na great part of the island. Fernandina-Oldtown is\\nabout a mile north of tne present site.\\nThe sub-tropical vegetation is quite marked on the\\nisland. Magnificent oleanders, large live oaks, and\\ndense growths of myrtle and palmettos conceal the\\nrather unpromising soil. The olive has been cultivated\\nwith success, and there is no reason why a large supply\\nof the best table oil should not be produced here.\\nA low shell mound covers the beach at Fernandina,\\nand in the interior of the island are several large Indian\\nburial mounds. Several earthworks thrown up during\\nthe late war overlook the town and harbor. Fernan-\\ndina harbor is one of the best in the South Atlantic\\nCoast, landlocked and safe. Its depth is 64 fathoms,\\nand the water on the bar at low tide is 14 feet. The\\ntide rises from 6 to 7 feet. In spite of what seems its\\nmore convenient situation, Fernandina does not seem\\ndestined to be a rival of Jacksonville.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "PART II.\\nF L O E I D A\\n1. HISTOBICAL.\\nLong before Columbus saw\\nthe dashing,\\nSilver-flashing,\\nSurges of San Salvador,\\na rumor was abroad among the natives of tlie Bahamas,\\nof Cuba, and even of Yucatan and Honduras, that in a\\nland to the north was a fountain of water, whose crys-\\ntal waves restored health to the sick, and youth to the\\naged. Many of the credulous islanders, forsaking their\\nhomes, ventured in their frail canoes on the currents\\nof the Gulf, and never returning, were supposed to be\\ndetained by the delights of that land of perennial\\nyouth.\\nThis ancient fame still clings to the peninsula. The\\ntide of wanderers in search of the healing and rejuve-\\nnating waters still sets thitherward, and, with better\\nfate than of yore, many an one now returns to his own,\\nrestored to vigor and life. Intelligence now endorses\\nwhat superstition long believed.\\nThe countrj?^ received its pretty and appropriate\\nname. Terra florida, the Flowery Land, from Juan Ponce\\nde Leon, who also has the credit of bemg its discoverer.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "33\\nHe first saw its shores on Easter Sunday, March 27,\\n1513 not 1512, as all the text books have it, as on that\\nyear Easter Sunday came on April 20th.\\nAt that time it was inhabited by a number of wild\\ntribes^ included in two families, the Timucuas, who\\ndwelt on the lower St. John, and the Chahta-Muskokis,\\nwho possessed the rest of the country. In later times,\\nthe latter were displaced by others of the same stock\\nknown as Seminoles {istisemoli, wild men, or strangers).\\nA remnant of these still exist, several hundred in num-\\nber, living on and around Lake Okee-chobee, in the\\nsame state of incorrigible savagery that they ever were\\nbut now undisturbed and peaceful.\\nThe remains of the primitive inhabitants are abund-\\nant over the Peninsula. Along the sea shores and\\nwater courses are numerous heaps of shells, bones\\nand pottery, vestiges of once populous villages small\\npiles of earth and old fields in the interior still wit-\\nness to their agricultural character and large mounds\\nfrom ten to twenty-five feet in height filled with human\\nbones testify to the pious regard they felt toward their\\ndeparted relatives, and the care with which, in accord-\\nance with the traditions of their race, they preserved\\nthe skeletons of the dead. As for those highways\\nand artificial lakes which the botanist Bartram\\nthought Ihe saw on the St. John river, they have not\\nbeen visible to less enthusiastic eyes. Mounds of stones,\\nof large size and enigmatic origin, have also been\\nfound (Prof. Jeffries Wyman).\\nFor half a century after its discovery, no European\\npower attempted to found a colony in Florida. Then,\\nin 1562, the celebrated French Huguenot, Admh^al de", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "34\\nColigny, sent over a number of his own faith and na-\\ntion, who erected a fort near the mouth of the St. John.\\nAs they were upon Spanish territory, to which they\\nhad no right, and were peculiarly odious to the Spanish\\ntemper by their religion, they met an early and\\ndisastrous fate. They were attacked and routed in 1565\\nby a detatchment of Spaniards under the command of\\nPedro Menendez de Aviles, a soldier of distinction.\\nThe circumstance was not charPvCterized by any greater\\natrocity than was customary on both sides in the relig-\\nious wars of the sixteenth century, but it has been a\\ntext for much bitter writmg since, and was revenged a\\nfew years after by a similar massacre by a French Pro-\\ntestant, Dominique de Gourgues, and a party of Hugue-\\nnots.\\nPedro Menendez established at once (1565) the city of\\nSt. Augustine and showed himself a capable oflficer.\\nUnder the rule of his successors the Spanish sway grad-\\nually extended over the islands of the eastern coast,\\nand the region of middle Florida. The towns of St.\\nMarks and Pensacola were founded on the western\\ncoast, and several of the native tribes were converted to\\nChristianity.\\nThis ]Drosperity was rudely interrupted in the first de-\\ncade of the eighteenth century by the inroads of the\\nCreek Indians, instigated and directed by the English\\nsettlers of South Carolina. The churches were burned,\\nthe converts killed or scattered, the plantations de-\\nstroyed, and the priests driven to the seaport towns.\\nThe colony languished under the rule of Spain until,\\nin 1763, it was ceded to Great Britain. Some life was\\nthen instilled into it. Several colonies were planted on", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "35\\nthe St. John river and the sea coast, and a small garri-\\nson stationed at St. Marks.\\nIn 1770 it reverted once more to Spain, under\\nwhose rule it remained in an uneasy condition until\\n1821, when it was purchased by the United Stages for\\nthe sum of five million dollars. Gen. Andrew Jackson\\nwas the first Governor, and treated the old inhabitants\\nin his usual summary manner. In 1824 the seat of gov-\\nernment was fixed at Tallahassee, the site of an old\\nIndian town.\\nAt the time of the purchase there were about 4,000\\nIndians and refugee negroes scattered over the territory.\\nThese very soon manifested that jealousy of their rights,\\nand resentment against the whites, which have ever\\nsince been their characteristics. From the time of the\\ncession until the out-break of our civil struggle the soil o f\\nFlorida was the scene of one almost continual border war.\\nThe natives gave ground very slowly, and it was esti-\\nmated that for every one of them killed or banished\\nbeyond the Mississippi by our armie^ the general gov-\\nernment expended ten thousand dollars.\\n2.-book:s and maps.\\nThe facts which I have here sketched in barest out-\\nline have been told at length by many able writers.\\nThe visitor to the scene of so many interesting inci-\\ndents should provide himself with some or all of the fol-\\nlowing works, which will divert and instruct him in\\nmany a lagging hour\\nParkman, Pioneers of France intTie New World. This\\ncontains an admirably written account of the Huguenot\\ncolony on the St. John.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "36\\nFairbakkSj The Spaniards in Florida, (Published\\nby Columbus Drew, Jacksonville, Florida.) An excel-\\nlent historical account of the Spanish colony.\\nSprague, History of the Florida War. This is a\\ncorrect and vivid narrative of the struggle with the\\nSeminoles. The book is now rarely met with in the\\ntrade.\\nGen. George A. McCall, Letters from the Frontiers,\\n(Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1868.) These letters\\nare mostly fr\u00c2\u00a9m Florida, and contain many interesting\\npictures of army life and natural scenery there.\\nE. M. Bache, The Young Wrecker of the Florida\\nReef. (Claxton, Remsen Haflfelfinger, Philadelphia,\\n1869.) This is a book for boys, and is interesting for\\nall ages. The author was engaged on the Coast Sur-\\nvey, and describes with great power and accuracy the\\nanimal and vegetable life of the Southern coast.\\nLife of Audubon. (Putnam Son, 1869.) This con-\\ntains a number of letters of the great ornithologist\\nwhile in Florida.\\nA detailed description of the earlier works on the\\npeninsula can be found in a small work I published\\nsome years ago, entitled The Floridian Peninsula^ Its\\nLiterary History^ Indian Tribes^ and Antiquities.^ (For\\nsale by the publishers of the present book.)\\nOn the Antiquities of the Peninsula. Prof. Jeffries\\nWymaUj of Harvard College, published, not long since,\\na very excellent article in the second volume of the\\nAmerican Naturalist.\\nEvery tourist should provide himself with a good\\nState map of Florida. The best extant is that pre-\\npared and published by Columbus Drew, of Jackson-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "37\\nville, Florida, in covers, for sale by the publishers of\\nthis work. Two very complete partial maps have been\\nissued by the U. S. government, the one from the bu-\\nreau of the Secretary of War, in 1856, entitled, A\\nMilitary Map of the Peninsula of Florida South of Tam-\\npa Bay, on a scale of 1 to 400,000, the other from ihe\\nU. S. Coast Survey office in 1864, drawn by Mr. H. Lin-\\ndenkohi, embracing East Florida north of the 29th de-\\ngree, on a scale of 10 miles to the inch. The latter\\nshould be procured by any one who wishes to depart\\nfrom the usual routes of tourists.\\n3. physicaii geogbaphy of flokida.\\n1. Geological Formatio:n^.\\n2. Soil and Crops.\\n3. Climate and Health.\\n4. Vegetable and Anoial Life.\\n1. Geological Formation.\\nFlorida is a peninsula extending abruptly from the\\nmainland of the continent in a direction a little east of\\nsouth. It is nearly 400 miles in length, and has an\\naverage width of 130 miles. Its formation is peculiar.\\nEvery other large peninsula in the world owes its ex-\\nistence to a central mountain chain, which affords a\\nstubborn resistance to the waves. Florida has no such\\nelevation, and mainly a loose, low, sandy soil. Let us\\nstudy this puzzle.\\nThe Apalachian (usually and incorrectly spelled Ap-\\npalachian) plain, sloping from the mountains to the\\nGulf of Mexico, lies on a vast bed of tertiary, lime-\\nstone and sand rock. About the thirtieth parallel of", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "38\\nnorth latitude this plain sinks to the sea level, except\\nin middle Florida, where it still remains 200 feet and\\nmore in height. This elevation gradually decreases\\nand reaches the water level below the 28th parallel,\\nsouth of Tampa Bay. It forms a ridge or spine about\\nsixty miles in width, composed of a porous limestone\\nsomewhat older than the miocene group of the tertiary\\nrocks, a hard blueish limestone, and a friable sand rock.*\\nAround this spine the rest of the peninsula has been\\nformed by two distinct- agencies.\\nBetween the ridge and the Atlantic ocean is a tract\\nof sandy soil, some forty miles in width, sloping very\\ngently to the north. It is low and flat, and is drained\\nby the St. John river. So little fall has this noble\\nstream that 250 miles from its mouth it is only 12 miles\\ndistant from an inlet of the ocean, and only 3 feet 6\\ninches above tide level, as was demonstrated by the\\nState survey made to construct a canal from Lake Har-\\nney to Indian River. A section of the soil usually dis-\\ncloses a thin top layer of vegetable mould, then from\\n3 to 6 feet of difierent colored sand, then a mixture of\\nclay, shells, and sand for several feet further, when in\\nmany parts a curious conglomerate is reached, called\\ncoquina^ formed of broken shells and small pebbles\\ncemented together by carbonate of lime, no doubt of\\nrecent (post tertiary) formation. The coquina is never\\nfound south of Cape Canaveral, nor north of the mouth\\nof the Matanzas river.\\nThis Back-Bone Ridge, as it has been called, has a rouBded\\nand singularly symmetri al form when viewed in cross section.\\nWhere the Fernandina and Cedar Keys railroad crosses the penin-\\nsula, the highest point, near Gainesville, is 180 feet in elevation,\\nwhence there is a gradual slope, east and west.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "39\\nFor the whole of this distance a glance at the map\\nwill show that the coast is lined by long, narrow inlets,\\nseparated from the ocean by still narrower strips of\\nland. These inlets are the lagoons. The heavy\\nrains wash into them quantities of sediment, and this,\\nwith the loose sand blown by the winds from the outer\\nshore, gradually fills up the lagoon, and changes it into\\na morass, and at last into a low sandy swamp, through\\nwhich a sluggish stream winds to its remote outlet.\\nProbably the St. John river was at one time along lagoon,\\nand probably all the land between the ridge described\\nand the eastern sea has been formed by this slow pro-\\ncess.\\nThe southern portion of the peninsula is also very\\nlow, rarely being more than six feet above sea level,\\nbut its slope, instead of being northward, is generally\\nwestward. Much of the surface is muddy rather than\\nsandy, and is characterized by two remarkable forms\\nof vegetable life, the Everglades and the Big Cypress.\\nThe Everglades cover an area of about 4,000 square\\nmiles, and embrace more than one half of the State\\nsouth of Lake Okee-chobee. They present to the eye\\na vast field of coarse saw-grass springing from a soil of\\nquicksand and soft mud, from three to ten feet deep.\\nDuring the whole year the water rests on this soil from\\none to four feet in depth, spreading out into lakes, or\\nforming narrow channels. The substratum is a lime-\\nstone, not tertiary, but modern and coralline. Here\\nand there it rises above the mud, forming keys or\\nislands of remarkable fertility, and on the east and\\nsouth makes a continuous ridge along the ocean, one", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "40\\nto four miles wide, and from ten to fifteen feet high,\\nwhich encloses the interior low basin like a vast cres-\\ncentic dam-breast.\\nLake Okee-chobee, 1,200 square miles in area, with\\nan average depth of twelve feet, is, in fact, only an ex-\\ntension of the Everglades.\\nSouth of the Caloosa-hatchie river, between the\\nEverglades and the Grulf, extends the Big Cypress.\\nThis is a large swamp, fifty miles long and thirty-five\\nmiles broad. Here the saw-grass gives way to groves\\nof cypress trees, with a rank and tangled undergrowth\\nof vines. The soil is either bog or quicksand, generally\\ncovered one or two feet deep with stagnant water.\\nThe sun s rays rarely penetrate the dense foliage, and\\non the surface of the water floats a green slime, which,\\nwhen disturbed, emits a sickening odor of decay.\\nCrooked pools and sluggish streams traverse it in all\\ndirections, growing deeper and wider toward the Gulf\\nshore, where they cut up the soil mto numberless seg-\\nments, called the Thousand Islands.\\nThe whole of this southern portion of the peninsula\\nlies on a modern, coral formation. The crescent-shaped\\nridge which forms the eastern and southern boundary\\nof the Everglades, commences north of Key Biscayne\\nBay, and sweeps southwest to Cape Sable. From the\\nsame starting point, another broken crescent of coral-\\nline limestone, but many miles longer, extends to the Dry\\nTortugas, forming the Florida Keys. And beyond this\\nagain some five or six miles, making a third crescent,\\nis the Florida Keef. Outside of the Eeef, the bottom\\nabruptly sinks to a depth of 800 or 900 fathoms. Be-\\ntween the Keef and the Keys is the ship channel, about", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "41\\n6 fathoms in depth and between the Keys and the\\nmain land the water is ver}^ shallow, and covers broad\\nflats of white calcareous mud. Between the coast-rid^e\\nand Lake Okee-chobee, the Keys, which are scat-\\ntered through the Everglades, are disposed in similar\\ncrescentic forms, some seven regular concentric arcs\\nhaving been observed. They are all formed of the\\nsame character of coral rock as the present Reef and\\nKeys, and undoubtedly owe their existence to the same\\nagency. Each of these crescents was at one time a reef,\\nuntil the industrious coral animals built another reef\\nfurther out in the water, when the older line was broken\\nup by the waves into small islands. Thus, for countless\\nthousands of years, has this work of construction been\\ngoing on around the extremity of the tertiary back bone\\nridge which at first projected but a short distance into\\nthe waters.\\nWhat, it may be asked, has impressed this peculiar\\nand unusual crescentic shape to the reefs This is ow-\\ning to the Gulf Stream. This ocean-river rushes east-\\nward through the Straits of Florida at the rate of five\\nor six miles an hour, yet it does not wash the reef. By\\nsome obscure law of motion, an eddy counter-current\\nis produced, moving weatward^ close to the reef, with a\\nvelocity of one or two miles an hour. Off Key West\\nthis secondary current is ten miles wide, with a rapidity\\nof two miles per hour. Its waters are constantly\\nwhitened by the calcareous sands of the reef\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the relics\\nof the endless conflict between the waves and the un-\\ntiring coral insects. The slowly-built houses of the lat-\\nter are l^roken and tossed hither and thither by the bil-\\nlows, until they are ground into powder, and scattered", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "42\\nthrough the waters. After every gale the sea, for miles\\non either side of the reef, is almost milk-white with the\\nruins of these coral homes.\\nBut nature is ever ready with some compensation.\\nThe impalpable dust taken up by the counter-current is\\ncarried westward, and gradually sinks to the bottom of\\nthe gulf, close to the northern border of the gulf stream.\\nAt length a bank is formed, reaching to within 80 or 90\\nfeet of the surface. At this depth the coral insect can\\nlive, and straightway the bank is covered with a multi-\\ntudinous colony who commence building their branch-\\ning structures. A similar process originated all the cres-\\ncent-shaped lines of Keys which traverse the Everglades\\nand Big Cypress.\\n2. SOIL AND CROPS.\\nMuch of the soil of Florida is not promising in ap-\\npearance. The Everglades and Cypress Swamps may\\nbe considered at present agriculturally worthless.\\nThe ridge of sand and decomposed limestone along the\\nsouthern shore, from Cape Sable to Indian river, is\\ncapable, however, of profitable cultivation, and offers\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2the best field in the United States for the introduction\\nof tropical plants, especially coffee. Its area is esti-\\nmated at about 7,000,000 acres.\\nThe northern portion of the Peninsula is composed\\nof scrubs (dry sterile tracts covered with thickets of\\nblack-jack, oak, and spruce), pine lands and hammocks\\n(not hummocks the latter is a New England word with\\na different signification). The hammocks are rich river\\nbottoms, densely timbered with live oak, magnolia,\\npalmetto, and other trees. They cannot be surpassed\\nfor fertility, and often yield 70 to 80 bushels of corn to", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "43\\nthe acre with very imperfect tillage. Of course, they\\nare difficult to clear, and often require drainage.\\nThe pine lands, which occupy by far the greater por-\\ntion of the State, make at first an unfavorable impression\\non the northern farmer. The sandy pine lands near the\\nSt. John, are of deep white siliceous sand, with little or\\nno vegetable mould through it. The greater part of\\nit will not yield, without fertilizing, more than 12 or 15\\nbushels of corn to the acre. In the interior, on the\\ncentral ridge, the soil is a siliceous alluvium on beds of\\nargillaceous clay and marl. The limestone rocks crop\\nout in many places, and could readily be employed as\\nfertilizers, as could also the marl. Eed clay, suitable\\nfor making bricks, is found in the northen counties, and\\na number of brick yards are in operation. Over this\\nsoil a growth of hickory is interspersed with yellow\\npine, and much of the face of the country is rolling.\\nBy mixing the hammock soil with the sand, an admi-\\nrable loam is formed, suited to raising vegetables and\\nvines.\\nPersons who visit Florida with a view to farming or\\ngardening, should not expect to find it a land of exhu-\\nberant fertility, that will yield immense crops with little\\nlabor. East Florida is as a whole not a fertile country\\nin comparison with South Carolina or Illinois, and\\nprobably never will be highly cultivated. On the other\\nhand, they must not be discouraged by the first impres-\\nsions they form on seeing its soil. Labor can do won-\\nders there. The climate favors the growth of vegetables^\\nand some staples, but labor, hard loork, is just as neces-\\nsary as in Massachusetts. Middle and West Florida\\nhave much better lands.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "44\\nThe leading crops of the State are corn and cotton.\\nOf the latier, the improved short staple varieties are\\npreferred, the long staple flourishing only in East\\nFlorida. Some experiments have been tried with Egyp-\\ntian cotton, but on too small a scale to decide its value.\\nThe enemy of the cotton fields is the caterpillar which\\ndestroys the whole crop in a very short time. Nor can\\nanything be done to stop its ravages. In the vicinity\\nof Tampa Bay and Indian River the sugar cane is suc-\\ncessfully raised, quite as well as in Louisiana. In good\\nseasons it is also a very remunerative crop in the north-\\nern counties, as it yields as much as fifteen barrels of\\nfirst class syrup to the acre, besides the sugar.\\nTobacco, which before the war was raised in consid-\\nerable quantities in Florida, has b en much neglected\\nsince. Good Cuba seed has been introduced, however,\\nand some of the old attention is paid to it. The char-\\nacter of soil and climate of certain portions of Florida,\\nespecially the southeastern portion, is not very unlike\\nthat of the famed Vuelta Abajo, and with good seed,\\nand proper care in the cultivation and curing of the leaf,\\nit might be grown of a very superior quality.\\nThe climate is too warm for wheat, but rye and oats\\nyield full crops, though they are but little cultivated.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSweet potatoes, yams, peas, and groundnuts are unfail-\\ning, and of the very best qualities. The vine yields\\nabundantly, and it is stated on good authority that two\\nthousand gallons of wine per acre have been obtained\\nfrom vineyards of the Scuppcrnong grape in Leon county.\\nApplet grow only to a limited extent, some being\\nfound in the northern counties. Peaches, pears, apri-\\ncots, oranges, limes, lemons, etc., are well suited to the", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "45\\nsoil and climate. The orange has two enemies, the in-\\nsect called the coccus, and the frost. The former seems\\ndisappearing of late years, but the frosts have become\\nmore severe and more frequent, so that north of the 28tli\\ndegree, the orange crop is not dependable.\\nThe tropical plants, such as coffee, indigo, sesal hemp,\\netc., can undoubtedly be cultivated with success on the\\nsouthern and southeastern coast, but hitherto, no seri-\\nous attempt at their introduction has been made. For\\nfurther particulars under this head, see a pamphlet of 151\\npages prepared by Hon. John S. Adams, and published\\nby the State, in 1869, entitled, Florida, its Climate,\\nits Soil, and Productions.^\\n3. CLIMATE AND HEALTH.\\nIn regard to climate, Florida is in some respects un-\\nsurpassed by any portion of the United States. The\\nsummers are not excessively hot, the average tempera-\\nture of the months of June, July, and August, being at\\nTallahassee 79 degrees, Fah. at St. Augustine, 80 de-\\ngrees Cedar Keys, 79 degrees Tampa, 80 degrees;\\nMiami, 81 and Key West, 82 degrees. The winters\\nare delightful, the temperature of the three winter\\nmonths averaging as follows: Tallahassee, 57 degrees\\nSt. Augustine, 58 degrees Cedar Keys, 60 degrees\\nTampa, 61 degrees Miami, 67 degrees, Key West, 70\\ndegrees.\\nThe summer heats are debilitating, especially in the\\ninterior. On the coast they are tempered by the sea-\\nbreeze, which rises about 10 a. m. ISTo part of the\\nState is entirely free from frosts. In Jacksonville they\\noccur about once a week during the month of January,\\nwhile at Miami they only happen once in several years.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "46\\nNow and then a severe frost occurs, which destroys the\\norange groves far to th3 south. One such in 1767 de-\\nstroyed all the orange trees at Fernandina and St.\\nAugustine another in 1835 cut them down as far\\nsouth as ISTew Smyrna; in December, 1856, ice was\\nnoted on the Miami river; and in December, 1868, there\\nwas such an unprecedented cold snap that Lake Griffin,\\non the upper Oklawaha, bore ice one-and-a-half\\ninches thick. The orange crop was destroyed as far\\nup the St. John as Enterprise, and most of the trees\\nruined. On Indian river, however, the cold was not\\nfelt to a damaging extent.\\nThe nights in winter are cool, and in the interior ac-\\ncompanied with heavy dews.\\nIn summer, the prevailmg winds are east and south-\\neast, being portions of the great air currents of the\\ntrade winds. Thunder storms are frequent. In win-\\nter, variable winds from the north, northeast, and north-\\nwest, prevail. At times they rise to violent gales of\\nseveral days duration, called northers. These are most\\nfrequent on the west coast.\\nThe seasons of Florida are tropical in character, one\\nbeing the dry and the other the wet season. The annual\\nrain-fall averages from fifty to sixty inches. Three-\\nfourths of this fall between April and October. Some-\\ntimes there is nearly as much rain in the month of June\\nas during the six wmter months together. Two inches\\nand a-half is a fair average each for the latter. The air is\\nusually well charged with moisture, but owing to th\u00c2\u00ae\\nequability of the temperature, this would hardly be\\nsuspected. Fogs are almost unknown, the sky is se-\\nrene, the air clear, and no sensation of dampness is ex-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "47\\nperienced. The hygrometer alone remmds us of how\\nnearly the atmosphere is saturated with warm, watery\\nvapor.\\nIn the concluding chapters of this work I shall dis-\\ncuss at length the adaptation of the climate to invalids,\\nand shall here speak of it chiefly as it affects residents.\\nThe prevailing diseases are of miasmatic origin.\\nDysentery of mild type, pneumonia and diarrhoea are oc-\\ncasional visitors, but the most common enemy to health\\nis the swamp poison Intermittent and remittent fevers\\nare common along the fresh water streams. On the\\nsea coast they are rare, and after the month of October\\nthey disappear, but in the summer and early autumn\\nthey are very prevalent in some portions of the State.\\nThey are, however, neither more severe nor more fre-\\nquent than in the lowlands of all the Gulf States, or in\\nsouthern Indiana and Illinois.\\nThese complaints are characteristic of new settle-\\nments, usually disappearing after the land has been\\ncleared a few years. They can be generally avoided\\nby care in habits of life, and the moderate use of some\\nbitter tonic. All who are exposed should be on their\\nguard, avoiding excesses, over-work, getting chilled,\\nthe night dews, damp clothing, etc.\\nOne fall I ascended the Ocklawaha river in a pole-\\nbarge \u00e2\u0080\u0094a large scow propelled by poles. At night we\\nfastened the boat to a tree, and slept at some neighbor-\\ning house. The captain and several of the darkies\\nhad a diurnal shake, with great regularity, and I en-\\ntered hardly a single house from Palatka to Ocala in\\nwhich one or more of the family were not complaining\\nof the same disease. I had no quinine with me, and in", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "48\\ndefault of it used as a preventive a strong tincture of\\nthe peel of the bitter-sweet orange. Either through\\nits virtues or good luck, I escaped an attack, quite to\\nthe surprise of my companions. I repeat, however,\\nthat during the winter there is no danger from this\\nsource, and even durnig the sickly season an enlight-\\nened observance of the rules of health will generally\\nprotect the traveler.\\n4. VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL LIFE.\\nThe traveler who, for the first time, visits a southern\\nlatitude, has his attention most strongly arrested by the\\nnew and strange forms of vegetable life. I shall men-\\ntion some of those which give the scenery of Florida its\\nmost peculiar features.\\nThe most abundant is the saw palmetto, cliamcerops\\nAdansonii. This vigorous plant is found in all parts of\\nthe peninsula, flourishing equally well in the pine bar-\\nren and the hammock. It throws up its sharp-edged\\nleaves some four or five feet in length, from a large\\nround root, which is, in fact, a trunk, extending along\\nthe surface of the ground. The young shoots and inner\\npith of the root are edible, and were often eaten by the\\nIndians.\\nThe cabbage palm, another species of Chamcerops, is\\none of the most beautiful of trees. It raises its straight,\\ngraceful trunk to a height of 50, 60 and 100 feet, without\\na branch, and then suddenly bursts into a mass of dark\\ngreen, pendant fronds. In the center of this mass, en-\\nveloped in many folds, is found the tender shoot called\\nthe cabbage. It tastes like a raw chestnut, and was\\nhighly prized by the Indians. This palm is not found", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "49\\nnorth of St. Augustine, and is only seen in perfection\\nabout Enterprise, and further south.\\nThe live oak and cypress are the tenants of the low\\ngrounds. The former has a massive trunk, much es-\\nteemed for ship timber, spreading branches, and small\\ngreen leaves. It is a perennial, and is not found farther\\nnorth than South Carolina. The cypress stands in\\ngroups. Its symmetrical shaft rises without branches\\nto a considerable height, and then spreads out numerous\\nhorizontal limbs, bearing a brown and scanty foliage.\\nThe base of the trunk is often enlarged and distorted\\ninto strange shapes, while scattered through the swamps\\nare abortive attempts at trees, a foot or two thick and\\nfive or six feet m height, ending in a round, smooth top.\\nThese are called cypress knees.\\nTwo parasitic plants abound in the forests, the mistle-\\ntoe and the Spanish moss, tillandsia usneoides. The\\nformer has bright green leaves and red berries. The\\nlatter attaches itself to the cypress and live oak, and\\nhangs in long gray wreaths and ragged masses from\\nevery bough in the low lands.\\nThe southern shores and islands are covered with\\nthe mangrove, a species of the rhizoplwra. It is admi-\\nrably adapted to shore building. The seed grows to a\\nlength of five or six inches before it leaves its calyx,\\nwhen it resembles in form and color an Havana cigar.\\nWhen it drops into the water it floats about until it\\nstrikes a beach, where it rapidly takes root and shoots\\nout branches. Each branch sends down its own root,\\nand soon the shore is covered with a dense growth,\\nwhich in time rises to a height of twenty or thirty feet,\\nand prevents the sand from any further shifting.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "50\\nTwo varieties of a plant called by the Seminoles\\nkoonta^ bread, grow luxuriantly in the south. The red\\nkoonta, the smilax china of botanists, is a thrifty, briary\\nvine, with roots like a large potato. The white koonta,\\na species of zamia^ has large fern-like leaves and a root\\nlike a parsnip. Both were used by the ladians as food,\\nand yield from 25 to 30 per cent, of starch.\\nAt some seasons, dense masses of vegetation form\\non the lakes and rivers and drift hither and thither with\\nthe wind, natural floating islands. They are composed\\nchiefly of a water plant, the ^ishas^asf/mZato, with the\\nstalks and leaves of the water lily, nympTiea nilumho.\\nThe bitter-sweet orange grows wild in great quanti-\\nties along the streams. It is supposed to be an exotic\\nwhich has run wild, as none of the s]3ecies was found in\\nthe New World, and no mention is made of the orange\\nin the early accounts of the peninsula, as undoubtedly\\nwould have been the case had it then flourished. The\\nfruit has a taste not unlike the Seville orange, and is\\nfreely eaten by the inhabitants.\\nThe cork tree, the sesal hemp, and other tropical\\nplants have been introduced, and no doubt could be\\nsuccessfully cultivated in the extreme south. The coa-\\ncoanut palm grows vigorously at Key West, and on the\\nadjacent mainland.\\nThe animal life of Florida indicates its proximity to\\nthe tropics. Alligators are now scarce in the lower St.\\nJohn, but are found in great numbers in the interior.\\nThey are by no means dangerous. The largest I ever\\nsaw was nearly 15 feet in length.\\nThe manatee, or sea cow, an herbivorous cetacean,\\nmidway between fish and flesh, once abounded in Flori-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "51\\nda. When Audubon visited the peniusula, his guide\\nboasted of having killed hundreds of them, and their\\nbones are often found as far north as the Suwannee\\nriver. The Manatee spring and Manatee river bear\\nrecord in their names to their former abundance. Now,\\nI think, they are nearly extinct. A few still linger in\\nthe extreme south. Two were caught on the Indian\\nriver in the commencement of 1869, and exhibited in\\nJacksonville and Savannah.\\nThe goi^her, testudo polypJiemus y is a large land turtle\\nfound in the pine woods, and is esteemed as an article\\nof diet. The deer, panther, black bear, black and\\ngrey wolf are quite common.\\nBeautiful perroquets, wild turkeys, white and rose-\\ncolored curlew, the latter prized for their tinted wings,\\nXDclicans, cormorants, herons, fish-crows, and cranes\\nare seen in great numbers.\\nThe moccason and rattle-snake are the only venomous\\nserpents. The former is most feared, but I do not re-\\nmember to have heard of many deaths from the bite of\\neither. Scorpions, centipedes and tarantulas abound,\\nbut are not very poisonous, and never fatally so. The\\nmosquitoes are at times dreadfully annoying, and there\\nis no escape from them. Sand-flies, ticks, and knats\\nalso mar the pleasures of camp life, but the true hunter\\nrises superior to such inconveniences.\\nThe best river fish is the trout\u00e2\u0080\u0094 not the speckled\\nnative of the northern streams, but of good flavor, and\\ngame when hooked. The mullet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a fish about a\\nfoot long\u00e2\u0080\u0094 swarms on the coast in incredible numbers.\\nThe pompano is considered almost as good as the\\nsalmon. Catfish are large and coarse.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "52\\n4. THE ST. JOHK EIVEK, ST, AUGUSTUvTE, AND\\nINDIAN BIVER.\\nThe St. John river is about 400 miles in length, and\\nfrom two to three miles wide, as far up as Lake George.\\nIt is, in fact, rather an arm of the sea than a river, and\\nprobably is the remains of an ancient lagoon. Its cur-\\nrent is about one mile an hour, and the slope of its bed\\nso little that at such a distance from its mouth as at Lake\\nMonroe, a careful survey showed that it was but three\\nfeet six inches above sea level. The tides are percept-\\nible as far as Lake George, and its water more or less\\nbrackish at least this far. This may be partly owing to\\nseveral large salt springs which empty into it. Its waters\\nare of a light coffee-color, frequently covered with a per-\\nceptible scum. Above Lake George they are pleasant\\nto the taste, but do not easily quench the thirst, appa-\\nrently owing to the salts of various kinds in solution.\\nContrary to all the other large streams in the United\\nStates, the St. John flows nearly due south until within\\nfifteen miles of its mouth, when it turns abruptly to\\nthe east, entering the Atlantic at 30 degrees 24 seconds,\\nnorth latitude. For this peculiarity of its course, the\\nChahtas named it Il-la-A-a, corrupted into Welaka by\\nthe whites. Mr. Buckingham Smith asked an intelli-\\ngent native what the word meant. He answered\\nslowly It hath its own way, is alone, and contrary\\ntj) every other.\\nThe only important tributary it receives is the Ok-\\nlawaha. They each drain a row of numerous ponds,\\nlakes, and marshes, and are separated by the Thlau-\\nhatke, or White Hills, the highest hills in the peninsu.\\nla, and an elevated sandy ridge, covered with scrub-\\noak, known as the Eteniah scrub.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "53\\nThe St. John was discovered in 1562, by Jean Ribaut,\\nleader of the Huguenot colony of Admiral Coligny.\\nHe named it the River May, having entered it in that\\nmonth. In the Spanish chronicles it is referred to as\\nthe Rio de San Matteo (St. Matthew). When it was\\nnamed San Juan, does not appear, but the English\\ntook this name and translated it into the present ap-\\npellation.\\nIn accordance with the best usage of our geographi-\\ncal writers, I shall omit the possessive sign, and speak\\nof it as the St. John river and in mentioning localities\\non the right or left bank, the reader is notified that\\nwhile geographically these terms are used as if a per-\\nson were descending the river, for the convenience of\\nthe traveler I use them as of one ascending it.\\nThe mouth of the St. John is hardly a mile wide, and\\nis impeded by a shifting sand bar, having rarely more\\nthan seven feet of water at low tide. The entrance is\\nby a southerly pass, which leaves the course of the\\nstream concealed by the shore of Baton island, on the\\nnorth. This island is settled by a number of river\\npilots with their families, hardy and worthy people.\\nOn the southern shore the tourist sees the old and new\\nlighthouses, and a row of brilliantly white sand dunes\\nextending inland a mile or more.\\nBaton Island passed, an extensive salt marsh is seen\\nto form the northern bank of the river through this\\nnumerous sluggish streams wind their way, forming\\npart of the inside passage to Fernandina. Kear the\\nentrance of this passage a number of symmetrical\\nmounds, from 20 to 50 feet in height, strike the eye.\\nThese are known as The Sisters, or more prosaically", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "54\\nas the Oyster Banks, as, on examination, they prove\\nto be composed ahnost exclusively of broken oyster\\nshells, covered with a tangled low shrubbery. No\\ndoubt they are relics of the many glorious oyster feasts\\nindulged in by the indigenes in times gone by. I regret\\nthat they were not visited by Prof. Jeffries Wyman,\\nwho has given us so excellent an account of the Fresh-\\nWater-Shell-Heaps of the St. John s River, East Flor-\\nida, (Salem, Mass., 1868).\\nHaving passed the bar, the river rapidly widens.\\nAbout six miles from the entrance the channel runs\\nclose along the base of a hill or headland of moderate\\nheight, covered with pine, cedar, etc. This is *St.\\nJoJi7i^s Blu^, and is unquestionably the site of Fort\\nCaroline, the settlement of Coligny s band of Hugue-\\nnots in 1562.\\nA tragic interest surrounds this spot. Here, in 1564,\\nRene de Laudonniere established the colony of French\\nProtestants, intending to reclaim a portion of this vast\\nwilderness. His action was soon reported at the j ealous\\ncourt of Spain.\\nPhillip II. at once despatched Pedro Menendez de\\nAviles, an accomplished soldier and earnest Catholic,\\nto root out the feeble colony. It was done only too\\nwell. In the excitement of a surprise, Sept. 19th,\\n1565, the orders of Menendez to spare the women, the\\nold men, and the children were disregarded by the furi-\\nous soldiery, and nearly everv one was massacred. Lau-\\ndonniere and a few others escaped by scrambling down\\nthe rough and thorn-covered eastern face of the bluff,\\nand wading through the marshes to the mouth of the\\nriver, where they reached their ships. They bore the", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "55\\ndistressing tidings to France. The ruler of that realm,\\nthe projector of the massacre of St. Bartholemew, and\\nthe son of Catharine de Medicis, was not the one to\\ntrouble himself about the death of a few Huguenots\\nwho had encroached on foreign soil. But the stain of\\nunavenged blood did not remain on France. A private\\ngentleman, Dominique de Gourgues, fitted out an expedi-\\ntion in 1568. Suddenly appearing before Fort Caroline,\\nthen manned by Spanish troops, he attacked and routed\\nthe garrison and burned the structure. As it was re-\\nported that Menendezhad inscribed on a tablet that the.\\nmassacre of the Huguenots was not done as to French-\\nmen but to heretics; so De Gourgues returned the\\ngrim courtesy, and left an inscription that the dead men\\naround had been slain not as Spaniards, but as trai-\\ntors, thieves and murderers.\\nIn 1856, some copper coins were found near here\\nbearing the inscription\\nKAROLUS ET JOANNA RE.\\nThey were identified by Mr. Buckingham Smith as of\\nthe reign of Carlos I. (Charles Y.) and Donna Juanna,\\nand therefore date from about 1550.\\nMore recently a coin of about the same period, and\\nfrom the same spot, but with a different and not fully\\nlegible inscription was exhibited to the Numismatic\\nand Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia.\\nDuring the late civil war the Blulf was fortified by a\\ndetachment of Confederate troops, and for some days\\nheld against the gunboats of the United States forces.\\nAt length they were out-flanked by a party of Union\\nsoldiers, who made their way in the rear by the margin\\nof the swamp, and the work was surrendered.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "56\\nA few miles bej-ODd the bluff the boat stops at\\nYELLOW BLUFF.\\nIt has a iDost office aad one small boarding-house,\\n.00 per week,) about 40 inhabitants, mostly en-\\ngaged in fishing. Kear by is a small fort, built dur-\\ning the recent war, and \u00c2\u00a9n the opposite bank of the\\nriver, on a plantation called ^ew Castle, are an Indian\\nmound and the vestiges of an ancient, quadrilateral\\nearthwork of Spanish origin.\\nYellow Bluff was first chosen by Col. I. D. Hart as\\nthe city which he proposed to build on the St. John,\\nbut as he found some marsh land near which he thought\\nmight prove disadvantageous to such a large city as he\\ncontemplated founding, he passed further up the stream\\nand built his cabin on the spot now known as the\\nCow s Ford, where the King s Eoad in the old days\\ncrossed the rirer and connected St. Augustine with the\\nnorthern settlements, twenty-five miles above the bar.\\nThis spot, then occupied by a few straggling whites and\\nhalf breeds, is now the site of the flourishing city of\\nJACKSONVILLE.\\nHotels. *St. James, on the public square, with airy\\npiazzas, S4.00 a day; ^Taylor House, fronts the river\\n*Price House, close to the railroad depot St. John s\\nHouse, in the center of the city; Howard House Cow-\\nart House Union House Florida House ^Rochester\\nHouse, on the bluff south of the town; from $2.00 to\\n$3.00 a day.\\nBoarding Houses. Mrs. Freeland, Mrs. Hodgson,\\nMrs. Alderman opposite the Taylor House, and many\\nothers.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "57\\nNewpaj)ers. The Florida Union, repub.; Mercury\\nand Floridian Florida Land Register.\\nBookseller. Columbus Drew, publisher of Brinion s\\nGuide-Book of Florida and the South. Mr. Drew makes\\na specialty of keeping works on Florida.\\nChurches of all the principal denominations.\\nJacksonville, so named after General Andrew Jack-\\nson, has now a population of 7,000 souls, and is rapidly\\nincreasing that number. It is destined to be the most\\nimportant city in Florida, as it is already the largest. It\\nis located between two creeks which fall into the S.t.\\nJohn about a mile and a quarter apart. These form\\nthe present corporation limits, but several suburbs or\\nadditions have been recently formed beyond these\\nstreams. Brooklyn and Riverside are on the bank\\nsouthwest of the town Scottsville, immediately east of\\nthe eastern creek, is the principal location of the large\\nsaw mills which constitute one of the most important\\nindustries of the city Wyoming is on the bluff one and\\na half miles northeast and finally La Villa is a small\\nsuburb on an island to the west.\\nMany of the residences of Jacksonville are sub-\\nstantially built of brick manufactured from native clay,\\nbut wood is the prevailing material. Several hand-\\nsome residences are conspicuous from the river, and\\nevery season a number of elegant cottages are added\\nto the town. It is a favorite residence for invalids\\nduring the winter months, on account of its superior\\naccommodations and ease of access. Indeed, too many\\nof them remain here who would be improved by a\\nnearer approach to the extreme south. The sight of\\nso many sick often affects one unfavorably.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "58\\nThe streets of Jacksonville are sandy, and the vicin-\\nity only moderately fertile. The health of the city is\\ngood at all seasons, miasmatic disease not being com-\\nmon. There was an epidemic of yellow fever in 1857,\\nbut it has never since retm-ned.\\nDuring the war Jacksonville suffered severely. It\\nwas first Tjartially burned by the Confederates, then\\nthree separate times occupied by the Union troops, the\\nthird time catching fire in the assault. About half a\\ndozen blocks of houses were then burned, including the\\nCatholic and Episcopal churches. Of course the result\\nof these experiences was little short of desolation.\\nGrass grew waist high in the streets, and the few cattle\\nthat remained found for themselves stalls in the deserted\\nstores and houses. Kow, however, one can hardly\\ncredit the fact that such was ever the case.\\nSteamboats leave Jacksonville for Enterprise (206\\nmiles), about every other day. One line is owned by\\nCapt. Brock, who for many years has run the steamer\\nDarlington up and down the river. The accommo-\\ndations on all the steamers are fair, and no one should\\nomit to make the round trip, even if he does not tarry\\non the road. Fare to Enterprise, $9.00.\\nAbout a mile above this city the river widens once\\nmore. The banks are usually 3 or 4 feet high, thickly\\nset with live oak, pine and cypress. Here and there\\nthe pine barren cuts across the hammock to the river.\\nIn such places the banks are 8 or 10 feet high, and the\\ntall yellow pine with an abundant undergrowth of pal-\\nmetto give some variety to the otherwise monotonous\\nview. 15 miles from Jacksonville, on the left (east)\\nhand is the small town of", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "59\\nMANDARIN.\\nPost Office. No hotel. Boarding can be had with\\nMr. Chas. T. Reed, near the landing. Mr. Foote, the\\npostmaster, will give further information about the\\nchance for accommodations in private families. A new\\nSchool house and church. The name is said to have\\nbeen derived from the Mandarin or China orange intro-\\nduced here. This little place has about a dozen houses\\nand a back country three or four miles in extent. The\\nlocation is pleasing and the soil good. Several flourish-\\ning orange groves can be seen from the river. One of\\nthem about six acres in extent is owned by Mrs. Har-\\nriet Beecher Stowe, who has a pleasant country house\\nhere, and visits it every winter. It stands close to the\\nriver, on a bluff about 12 feet high. A little higher up\\nthe river the Marquis de Talleyrand has laid out hand-\\nsome grounds.\\nThis is one of the localities associated with the atro-\\nicities of border warfare. In December, 1841, the Sem-\\ninole Indians attacked and burnt the town and massa-\\ncred the inhabitants almost to the last soul. For six-\\nteen hours, says Captain Sprague in his account of the\\noccurrence, the savages, naked and painted, danced\\naround the corpses of the slain.\\nAbove Mandarin the river narrows and then again\\nexpands, the banks continuing of the same character.\\nTen miles above, on the right (west) bank is\\nHIBERNIA.\\n^Hotel,\\\\)j Mrs. Fleming, one of the best on the river,\\naccommodates about 35 persons, $2.50 per day, $15.00\\nper week. This very pleasant spot is on an island,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "60\\nabout five miles long, immediately north of tlie en-\\ntrance of Black Creek. It is separated from the main-\\nland hj a body of water known as Doctor s Lake,\\nwhich, toward its southern extremity, is lost in a broad\\nmarsh. The river walk near the boarding house is\\na delightful promenade about three-fourths of a mile\\nlong under the spreading branches of noble live oaks.\\nThe hotel is near the landing, which is on the east side\\nof the island. Visitors can readily obtain boats, and\\nthe vicinity offers many attractive spots for short ex-\\ncursions, picnics, and fishing parties. Rooms should\\nbe engaged by letter.\\nThree miles above Hibernia is\\nMAGNOLIA.\\nThis large building was erected by Dr. Benedict in 1851\\nwith special reference to the wants of invalids, and their\\ntreatment under medical supervision. During the war\\nit was used for various purposes and was much injured,\\nbut it has now been thoroughly refitted by a company,\\nand placed under the charge of Dr. Bogers, formerly of\\nWorcester, Mass., a capable and judicious physician,\\nwho proposes to continue it as a sanitarium. The\\nbuilding can accomodate comfortably about 50 boarders.\\nThe position is agreeable, a majestic oak grove shadmg\\nthe grounds, while at a little distance the pine forest\\nscatters its aromatic odors in the air. :^t::^\\nDivided from it by a small creek, but 2 miles above\\nas the river runs, is\\nGREEN COVE SPRING.\\nHotels. Green Cove House, by Mr. J. Bamington,\\nand boarding houses by Captain Henderson, and Cap-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "61\\ntain Glinslde, all said to be well kept fare about S15.00\\nper week. This spring has been long celebrated for its\\nmineral properties. It is sulphurous, and has been\\nfound of value in chronic rheumatism, cutaneous dis-\\nease and dj spepsia. The temperature is 78 Fah. at\\nall seasons. The basin varies in diameter from 35 to 40\\nfeet at different points. The water rushes up with force\\nforming what is called the boil. Recently a portion of\\nthe bottom of the spring gave way, and the orifice through\\nwhich the water rises was covered. But the earth was\\ncleared out, and the boil re-instated. Facilities for\\nbathing are afforded, though not to that extent which\\nwere desirable.\\n12 miles above green Gove on the left bank is\\nPICOLATA.\\nBoarding with Mr. T. F. Bridier. This is the station\\nwhere passengers to St. Augustine land. It is much to\\nbe regretted that there is no hotel here, and only poor\\nand insufficient accommodations in the house owned by\\nthe stage company. Usually but one line of stages runs\\nto St. Augustine, and they are often densely crowded,\\nand most uncomfortable. A second line was put on in\\nJan., 1869. The usual fare to St. Augustine is $3.00\\ndistance 18 miles. By competition it has been reduced\\nto $1.00.\\nFROM PICOLATA TO ST. AUGUSTINE\\nthe road leads through an open pine country with an\\nundergrowth of palmettoes. Here and there a clump\\nof cypress, with a tangled mass of briars and vines\\naround their trunks, diversifies the scene. The soil is\\nmiserably poor, and hardly a dozen houses are passed", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "62\\nin the whole distance. Deep wliite sand obstructs the\\nstage, and not so rarely as one wishes the wheels\\nstrike a pine or palmetto root with a most unpleasant\\neffect upon the passengers, especially if they are inva-\\nlids. After Zi hours of this torture, the stage is check-\\ned by the Sebastian river, over which a miserable ferry\\nboat conveys the exhausted tourist who at length finds\\nhimself in St. Augustine.\\nST. AUGUSTINE.\\nHotels Florida House (dear and poor,) Magnolia\\nHouse, fine piazza (grounds recently fitted up.) About\\nS4.00 per day, sUglit reduction by the month.\\nBoarding Houses Mrs. Abbot, Mrs. Fatio, Mrs.\\nGardner, Mrs. Brava, Miss Dummitt. Charges, $15.00\\nto $20.00 per week. As a rule, the tables of the board-\\ning houses are better kept than those of the hotels.\\nFamilies can rent houses by the month, and sometimes\\nfurnished rooms, and thus live much cheaper. Apply\\nto B. E. Carr, J. L. Phillips, or John Long.\\nBilliard Saloon, at Delot s Kestaurant.\\nPost Office on the Plaza, mail tri-weekly. Telegraph\\nofiice near the market house on the Plaza.\\nNewspaper St. Augustine Examiner, weekly. Read-\\nng Boom at the editor s office, 25 cts. a week.\\nDrug Store Dr. J. P. Mackay.\\nMilitary Music On the Plaza every other night.\\nChurches Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian,\\nMethodist chapel opposite the Magnolia House, Col-\\nored Baptist.\\nBathing-House, on Bay Street, white flag for ladies,\\nred flag for gentlemen, on alternate days. Season\\nticket $5.00.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "63\\nLocal ^i5^or/e5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^Fairbanks, The Spaniards in Flo-\\nrida, (1868, the best, published by Columbus Drew,\\nJacksonville, Fla.) Sewall, Sketches of St. Augustine,\\n1848, (illustrated) St. Augustine, Florida, by an Eng-\\nlish visitor, (1869, by Mrs. Yelverton; inaccurate).\\nSt. Augustine (population 1 ,200 white, 600 black), the\\noldest settlement in the United States, was founded in\\n1565, byPedroMenendez,a Spanish soldier, born in the\\ncity of Aviles. The site originally chosen was south\\nof where the city now stands, but the subsequent year\\n(1566) a fort was erected on the present spot. It re\\nceived its name because Menendez first saw the coast\\nof Florida on St. Augustine s day.\\nLittle is known of its early history. In 1586 it was\\nburned by Sir Francis Drake and in 1665, Captain\\nDavis, an English buccaneer, sacked and plundered it\\nwithout opposition, the inhabitants, numbering at that\\ntime a few hundred, probably fleeing to the fort. This\\nbuilding, which had formerly been of logs, was com-\\nmenced of stone about 1640.\\nAs it was found that the sea was making inroads upon\\nthe town, about the end of the seventeenth century,\\na sea-wall was commenced by the Spanish Governor,\\nDon Diego de Quiroga y Losada, extending from the\\nFort to the houses, all of which, at that time, were\\nsouth of the Plaza. The top of this first sea-wall can\\n3till be seen in places along Bay street, occupying\\nnearly the middle of the street.\\nEarly in the last century, the English in Carolina,\\nin alliance with the Creek (Muskoki) Indians com-\\nmenced a series of attacks on the Spanish settlements.\\nIn 1702, Governor Moore made a descent on St. Angus-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "64\\ntine by land and sea, burnt a portion of the town, and\\ndestroyed all the plantations in the vicinity. The in-\\nhabitants once more fled to the castle, which, we are\\ntold, was surrounded by a very deep and broad moat.\\nBut the priests had not time to remove the church plate.\\nThis, and mAich other booty, fell into Gov. Moore s\\nhands all of which he kept for himself to the great\\ndisgust of his companions in arms.\\nAgain, in 1725, Col. Palmer, of Carolina, at the head\\nof 300 whites and Indians attacked and ravaged the\\nSpanish settlements, completely annihilating their field-\\nhusbandry, burning the country houses, and forcing the\\ninhabitants of St. Augustine to flee as usual to the castle.\\nIn 1732, Governor Oglethorpe founded the colony of\\nGeorgia, on the Savannah river. Eight years after-\\nwards he made his memorable attack on St. Augustine.\\nAt that date the city numbered 2,143 inhabitants, inclu-\\nding the garrison (the latter probably about one half\\nthe whole number.) The city was intrenched, with sa-\\nlient angles and redoubts, the space enclosed being\\nabout half a mile long and quarter of a mile wide. The\\ncastle mounted 50 pieces of brass cannon. Its walls\\nwere of stone, casemated, with four bastions. The\\nmoat was 40 feet wide, and twelve feet deep. Governor\\nOglethorpe, therefore, undertook a difficult task when\\nhe set out in midsummer to besiege a place of this\\nstrength. He planted his principal batteries on Ana-\\ns!:asia island, whera their remains are still distinctly tra-\\nceable, and bombarded castle and city with considera-\\nble vigor for 20 days. He discovered, however, to his\\nmortification, that his shot produced hardly anymore\\neffect on the coquina rock of which the walls were", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "65\\nbuilt, than on so much sand. After prolonging the\\nsiege 38 days, (June 13\u00e2\u0080\u0094 July 20, 1740,) he withdrew.\\nThe exterior of the works was finally completed by\\nDon Alonzo Fernando Hereda, in 1756, since which\\ntime no alterations of importance have been made.\\nSt. Augustine, alwa3^s the capital of the province\\nduring the Spanish supremacy, changed hands with the\\nwhole peninsula in 1763, 1781, and 1821. It had a\\ntemporary prosi3erity during the first Seminole war,\\nwhen it was used as a military and naval station. In\\n1862 the naval force of the United States took posses-\\nsion of it, without resistance, and a garrison of New\\nHampshire volunteers was stationed there.\\nA large percentage of the natives show traces of\\nSpanish blood. They are usually embraced under the\\nname Minorcans.\\nIn 1767 a speculative Englishman, Dr. Turnbull,\\nbrought over a colony of about 1200 Greeks, Italians,\\nCorsicansand Minorcans, and settled near New Smyrna.\\nAfter a few years, wearied with his tyranny, most of\\nthose who survived, not more in all than 600, re-\\nmoved to St. Augustine. They were a quiet, some-\\nwhat industrious, and ignorant people, and many of their\\ndescendants much mixed in blood still live in St. Au-\\ngustine. Their language is fast dying out. The young\\npeople speak only English. The following verse from\\nthe Fromajardis, or Easter Song, was written down in\\n1843. The italic e is the neutral vowel.\\nSant Gabiel\\nQui portaba la ambasciado\\nDee nostro rey del eel,\\nEstaran vos prenada\\nYa omitiada", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "66\\nTu vais aqui surventa\\nFia del Dieu contenta\\nPara fe lo que el vol\\nDisciarem lu dol\\nCantarem aub alagria\\nY n arem a da\\nLas pascuas a Maria,\\nMaria.\\nI have no doubt but that this is somewhat incorrect,\\nas I am informed that the ordinary language of the old\\nnatives is comparatively pure Spanish.\\nSt. Augustine is built on a small Peninsula, between\\nthe St. Sebastian Kiver, itself an arm of the sea, and\\nthe Bay. Its plan is that of an oblong parallelogram,\\ntraversed longitudinally by two principal streets, which\\nare intersected at right angles by cross streets. The\\nIsthmus connecting the Peninsula to the main is on\\nthe north, and is strengthened by a stone causeway.\\nThe ruins of a suburb, called the Korth City, are visi-\\nble near it. Most of the streets are narrow, without\\nsidewalks, and shaded by projecting balconies.\\nOn the east is the harbor, a sheet of water about\\neight fathoms in depth, known as the Matanzas river.\\nIt is separated from the ocean by Anastasia, or Fish\\nIsland, a narrow tract of land about fourteen miles\\nlong. The inlet is variable in depth, but rarely aver-\\nages over five feet.\\nThe principal buildings are of Coquina rock. This is\\na concretion of fragments of shells, of recent forma-\\ntion. It extends along the east coast for about a\\nhundred and fifty miles, in some places rising above the\\nsurface level, at others covered with several feet of\\nsand. In one spot, near St. Augustine, it rests upon a", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "67\\npeat bog. The quarries are on Anastasia Island, and\\nare worth visiting.\\nKear the center of the town is the *Plaza, or square.\\nIn its midst is an unpretending monument, square at\\nthe base, and eighteen feet high, on which is inscribed\\nPlaza de la Constittjcion.\\nThis was erected in 1812, to commemorate the short-\\nlived constitutional form of government then instituted\\nin Spain.\\nThe building on the west side of the square was the\\nresidence of the Spanish Governors. It has been re-\\nbuilt and much altered since the purchase of the terri-\\ntory, and is now used for the United States Court. On\\nthe opposite side, between the Square and the water,\\nis the Market House.\\nThe building on the north side is the Roman Catho-\\nlic Church. Its quaint belfry has four bells which ring\\nforth the Angelus thrice daily. One of these has the\\nfollowing inscription\\nSancte Joseph,\\nOra pro Hobis.\\nA, J)., 1682.\\nThis church was commenced in 1793, and doubtless\\nthis bell was brought from the previous church, which\\nwas on St. George street. In the interior, the ceiling is\\npainted, the floor of concrete, and there are a few pic-\\ntures, none of note. Many of its attendants are descen-\\ndants of Spanish and Minorcan families.\\nOpposite the Eoman Catholic, is the Episcopal church,\\nconsecrated in 1833.\\nThe oldest building in the city is supposed to be that\\nat the corner of Green Lane and Bay street. A cen-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "08\\ntury ago it was the residence of the English attorney\\ngeneral, and was probably built about 1750. It will be\\nobserved that the coquinarock does not wear very well.\\nAt the north end of the town, where the causeway\\n(of modern construction) connects with the main land,\\nis the City Gate, flanked by two square pillars, with\\nMoorish tops. On either side a dry ditch, and the re-\\nmains of a wall, mark the fortified limits of the city.\\nAt the southern extremity of the peninsula are the\\nBarracks, built on the foundations of the ancient Fran-\\nciscan convent. From their top a fine view of the town\\ncan be obtained. In the rear of the main building is a\\nCemetery where the victims of Dade s Massacre, du-\\nrmgthe 1st Seminole war, were buried, and other mem-\\nbers of the U. S. forces.\\nStill further south are the United States Arsenal\\nand the remains of an ancient breastwork.\\nThe whole east front of the town for more than a\\nmile is occupied by the sea wall. It was built by the\\nUnited States (1837 1843) to prevent the encroach-\\nment of the waves. The material is coquina stone\\ntopped by granite. It is wide enough for two persons\\nto walk abreast upon it, and it is a favorite evening\\npromenade. It encloses two handsome basins, with\\nsteps leading to the water.\\nFort Marion, or, as it was formerly called, the castle\\nof San Marco, occupies a commanding position on the\\nnorth of the city. It is considered a fine specimen of\\nmilitary architecture, having been constructed on the\\nprinciples laid down by the famous engineer Yauban.\\nNo fees are required for visitors. The walls are 21\\nfeet high, with bastions at each corner, the whole", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "69\\nstructure being in the form of a trapezuim, and enclos-\\ning an area about sixty yds. square. The main entrance\\nis by a drawbridge. Over this is sculptured on a block\\nof stone the Spanish coat of arms, surmounted by the\\nglobe and cross, with a Maltese cross and lamb beneath.\\nImmediately under the arms is this inscrip ;ion\\nReynando en Espana el Senr\\nDon Fernando Sexto y siendo\\nGovor. y Capn. de esa. Cd. San. Augn. de\\nLa Florida y sus Frova. el Mariscal\\nde campos Don Alonzo Ferndo. Hereda\\nAsi concluio este Castillo el an\\nOD. 1756. Dirigiendo las ohrasel\\nCap Ingnro. Dn. Pedro de Brozas\\ny Gar ay.\\nDon Ferdinand YI. being king of Spain, the field\\nmarshal, Don Alonzo Fernando Hereda, governor and\\ncaptain of this city of San Augustiu de la Florida and\\nits provinces, finished this castle in the year 1756, the\\ncaptain of engineers Don Pedro de Brozas y Garay\\nsuperintending the work.\\ni rom the space in the interior, doors lead to the case-\\nmates. Opposite the entrance, in the northern case-\\nmate, is the apartment which was formerly used as a\\nchapel. The altar stone is still preserved. In another\\napartment, the small window is pointed out through\\nwhich Coacoochee, a distinguished Seminole chieftain,\\nmade his escape in the first Seminole war. Under the\\nnorth east bastion there are subterranean cells, pro-\\nbably used for confining prisoners, in one of which a\\nhuman skeleton is said to have been found. The\\ncurtain on the east side of the fort, still shows the\\nmarks of Oglethorpe s cannon balls.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "70\\nThe vicinity of St. Augustine is uninteresting. A\\npleasant drive can be taken through the town and along\\nthe east bank of the Sebastian river. A sail along Ma-\\ntanzas river has some attractions. Several good sail\\nboats can be hired, some accommodating twenty or\\ntwenty-five persons, price S5.00 a day. A few miles\\nsouth of the city an elevated spot marks the remains of\\nGeneral Moultrie s (of revolutionary fame) residence.\\nAt the southern extremity of Anastasia island the ruins\\nof a Spanish look-out are visible. Rock island, on the\\nnorth shore of thd inlet near this point, has a remarka-\\nble Indian mound.\\nCurlews and snipes afford some good sport along the\\nstrand, and in the winter, a brace or two of ducks can\\nalways be bagged on Anastasia island, but their flavor\\nis not attractive.\\nThe nearest orange grove is that of Dr. Anderson, on\\nthe west side of the town. In going thither, the path\\nshould be chosen leading through the pleasant orange\\nwalk on the grounds of Mr. Buckingham Smith.\\nThe chief local industry at St. Augustine is the *pal\\nmetto work. Hats, baskets, and boxes are very taste-\\nfully plaited from the sun-dried leaves of the low vari-\\nety of that plant. Specimens of this handwork make\\npleasant mementoes of a visit to this ancient city.\\nI now return to Picolata on the St. John. About a\\nmile north of the landing, on the bank of the river, lived\\nCol. John Lee Williams, the author of The Katural\\nand Civil History of Florida, and Yiew of West\\nMorida, and in many ways conspicuous in the early\\nhistory of the State. He died in 1857, and was buried\\nin his own garden. I had the melancholy satisfaction", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "71\\nof visiting his grave the day after his burial, having\\nreached Picolata without learning his death. I was told\\nthat the river here had materially altered its course\\nwithin the memory of those now living. I am certain-\\nly unable to account in any other way for the total dis-\\nappearance of the Spanish fort which, a century ago,\\nexisted here. The traveller Bartram describes it as\\nbuilt of coquina stone brought from Anastasia island.\\nThe main work, a square tower, thirty feet high, with bat-\\ntlements allowing two guns on each side, was surroun-\\nded by a high wall, pierced with loop-holes and a deep\\nexterior ditch. Even at that time he speaks of it as\\nver}?- ancient.\\nOn the opposite bank of the river was the fort of St.\\nFrancis de Poppa. Its earthworks are still visible\\nabout one mile north of the landing. From St. Francis\\nde Poppa the old Spanish road led across the province\\nto St. Marks on the Gulf. Two small Sulphur Springs\\nare found a short distance from the Picolata landing.\\nFifteen miles above Picolata the steamer stops on the\\nright (west) bank at\\nPALATKA.,\\nHotels.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PatusLm House, St. John s House, charges,\\n$3.50 per day. The Palatka hotels are tolerable, but\\nnot so good as those of Jacksonville. Several boarding\\nhouses. A large hotel is projected.\\nThis was originally a military post in the Indian war\\nof 1836\u00e2\u0080\u0094 40. The town is built on a sand bluff ten to\\nfifteen feet above the river, a few inches of shells form-\\ning the surface soil. There are 800 or 1 ,000 inhabitants\\nprincipally engaged in orange culture and lumbering.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "72\\nSeveral beautiful orange groves are in the vicinity, and\\nconstitute the only attraction of the place. The streets\\nare sandy, and walking is difficult. Steamboats run\\nfrom here direct to Charleston and Savannah, and also\\nto the lakes of Marion and Alachua counties and up\\nthe Oklawaha river to Lake Griffin. A mail stage\\nruns to Tampa.\\nAbove Palatka the river narrows, and the banks be-\\ncome as a rule lower and more swampy. At a point\\ntwelve miles above, on the left (east) bank, Buffalo bluff\\nmeets the river, a ridge of loose sandrock surmounted by\\na stratum of shells from six to ten feet in thickness. Five\\nmiles beyond, on the same side, is Horse Landing,\\nwhere a shell and sand mound rises abruptly about eight\\nfeet from the water. This has been carefully examined\\nby Prof. Jeffries Wj^man, and pronounced to have been\\nbuilt by the ancient possessors of the land. About\\neighteen miles above Palatka, on the east bank, is the\\nsmall town of\\nWELAKA.\\nLarge boarding houses were here before the war\\nbut were destroyed. .A capacious hotel is in process\\nof erection. Three large sulphur springs are in the\\nimmediate vicinity, which could doubtless be applied\\nto sanitary purposes. The soil is good, and well\\nadapted to oranges. Eight miles east of Welaka is\\n^Dunn s Lake, a beautiful sheet of water twelve miles\\nlong and three wide, abundantly stocked with fish. Its\\nshores abound in game, and many rich plantations are\\non and near it. The soil is unsurpassed by any in\\nFlorida, and has always borne a high reputation.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "73\\nOpposite Welaka, the Oklawaha empties into the\\nSt. John. The latter river at this point is about 500\\n3^ards wide. Half a mile above, it expands to a width\\nof three miles. This is called Little Lake George. Fort\\nGates landing is at its southern extremity. Twelve\\nmiles above Welaka is Lake George proper, a sheet of\\nwater about eighteen miles in length, and ten in width.\\nAt its southern end a large and fertile island (about\\n1900 acres), shuts off the view. It is called Rembrandt s,\\nor Drixyton s Island. Accordingto Bartram, there should\\nbe remarkable monuments of the aborigines, mounds,\\nearthworks, and artificial lakes, on this island. Th^\\nchannel lies to its east, and is quite narrow. At the\\nextremity of this entrance there is a landing on the\\neastern shore, known as Sam s landing, or Lake George\\nlanding. A post ofl ce was located here.\\nSeveral remarkable mineral springs are around this\\nlake, especially on the western shore. It is an unsafe\\nsea for boats, being exposed to sudden and violent\\nwinds.\\nA mile or two from the western shore, the ground\\nrises into high sand-hills, covered with a dense growth\\nof spruce-pine and blackjack oak. This is the Eten-\\niah scrub, which divides the St. John from the Okla-\\nwaha, and extends for many miles southwardly. It is a\\ndry and hopeless barren. Sixty-five miles above Pa-\\nlatka, and four miles above the southern entrance of Lake\\nGeorge, on the left (east) bank of the river, is the old\\nsettlement of\\nVOLUSIA.\\nGood boarding-house by Dr. Langren price mod-\\nerate. Little is now seen from the river but ,a few", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "74\\nruinous houses and the marks of a once extended\\ncultivation in overgrown old fields, hut the place has\\na history worth recording.\\nSoon after the cession of the county to the English\\ncrown in 1763, Mr. Denison Holies, a gentleman of\\nwealth, actuated, it would appear, by a spirit of philan-\\nthropy, proposed to transport large numbers of the un-\\nfortunate women of the London street to this new\\ncountry, and there give them a chancesto lead a better\\nlife. With this object he obtained a grant of 40,000\\nacres, and located it in this portion of Florida. The\\nnianor was called Charlottia, from the queen. Several\\nhundred acres were cleared, a large mansion house\\nerected, a handsome avenue laid out, which was to\\nreach to St. Augustine, and colonists to the number of\\nthroe hundred brought across. But, as so often hap-\\npens, unexpected obstacles arose. Supplies failed to\\ncome in time, fevers carried off many, the proprietor\\nwas accused of parsimony, and finally the settlement\\nbroke up, and those who survived went to Carolina and\\nGeorgia.\\nAt this point the river is quite narrow, and both\\nbanks are occupied by fresh-water shell-bluffs, of artifi-\\ncial origin. On that opposite Volusia stands Fort\\nButler^ a place of some note in the Indian wars. Four\\nmiles above Yolusia, is Dexter s Lake, (ten miles long.)\\nIt is a famous resort for wild fowls in the fall and win-\\nter. It is surrounded by extensive marshes, cypress\\ngroves, and hammocks.\\nA few miles above Lake Dexter the steamer stops at the\\nsmall place now called Hawkinsville, but which for-\\nmerly bore the much more euphonious name of the", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "75\\nI rave Seminole warrior, Osceola, (corruption of asse,\\nheJiolar, sun rising). On the left bank, six miles above,\\nis the remarkable\\nBLUE SPRING.\\nThis is a landing, with post office, but has no ho-\\ntel. One is (of course) in contemplation. The ^spring\\nis a large and beautiful fountain of crystal clear\\nwater. It forms a basin one-fourth of a mile long,\\ntwenty-five to thirty yards wide, and ten to twenty feet\\ndeep. The water is slightly sulphurous and thermal,\\nthe temperature reaching, at times, 75 degrees Fahr.\\nThis spot was called by the English, Berrisford, and\\nwas the most southern settlement made by them while\\nin possession of the country.\\nHunting and fishing in this vicinity are remarkably\\nfine. The back country is fertile, and some magnificent\\norange groves are under cultivation.\\nThe river now narrows to a width of fifty or sixty yds.\\nMeadows of tall grass and maiden-cane, interspersed\\nwith clumps of lofty and graceful palms diversify the\\nscene. Through these the stream winds its tortuous\\nchannel for thirty miles. At length the steamboat\\nreaches its destination at\\nENTERPRISE,\\nOn Lake Monroe. ^Brock House, kept by Mr. J.\\nBrock, the proprietor of the line of steamers $3.50\\nper day. Several boarding-houses in the pine woods\\nnear. ^Watson s.\\nSeveral high shell mounds rise on the east shore of\\nthe lake, on one of which the hotel stands. Half a", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "76\\nmile south of it is a large sulphur spring of unusual\\nstrength, with a basin twenty-five yards in diameter.\\nAbout 150 yards beyond it is a second sulphur spring-\\nof less extent, and near by, also, a source of saline wa\\nters. (As yet no provisions are made for the applica-\\ntion of their waters to medicinal purposes).\\nBeyond the springs, a hill of sand and shells rises some\\nthirty or forty feet, surmounted by an old frame build-\\ning. A luxuriant sweet orange grove extends along\\nthe shore, bearing the finest fruit I ever tasted in Flor\\nida.\\nThe medicinal waters, the rich fruit, the charming\\nlake, the near pine woods, and the attractive hunting\\nand fishing at this spot, render it one of the most eligi-\\nble for a large sanitary establishment. But its position\\nshould not be directly on the beach, where the dazzling\\nsand tries the eyes, and the evening dampness is pain-\\nfully felt.\\nAcross Lake Monroe, is Fort Mellon, long used as\\na Government store-house, and the terminus of one of\\nthe military roads which connect with the interior of\\nthe country.\\nFragments of bog iron ore, and oolitic limestone, are\\npicked up on the shore.\\nA small steamboat runs about once a week from En-\\nterprise to Lake Harney (thirty miles n The channel is\\nnarrow and crooked, running through broad, grassy\\nsavannahs and hammocks. The first blufi above Lake\\nMonroe is called Leneer s. It is on the left bank.\\nOccasional trips are made to Salt Lake, thirty miles\\nabove Lake Harney. Its waters are brackish, rather,\\nI think, from its contiguity to the sea, than from any salt", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "77\\nsprings. It is only seven miles from Indian river lagoon.\\nProbably this is the only examjile in the world of a\\nlarge river, at a distance of nearly 300 miles from its\\nmouth, flowing within seven miles of the ocean into which\\nit empties. When the water is high, small steamers and\\nrow-boats have passed beyond Salt Lake, sixty miles\\nto Lake Washington. Ko settlements are on the river,\\nhowever, higher up than Lake Harney.\\nThe source of the St. John is unknown. Its head\\nwaters probably lose themselves in vast marshes,\\nfrom which flow sluggish streams northward to it,\\nsouthward into Lake Okeechobee, and westward into\\nthe Kissimnee river. The determination of this geo-\\ngraphical point would be interesting, though perhaps\\nof no great practical value. Yet, one cannot help feeling\\nastonished that the sources of this river,on which the first\\ncolony north of Mexico was founded, which traverses\\nthe oldest settled State of our Union, and which has been\\nalternately possessed by three powerful nations, are\\nmore completely unknown and unexplored than those\\nof the Xile or the Niger.\\nNEW SMYRNA,\\nThis small settlement of half a dozen houses, is on\\nMusquito lagoon, or Halifax river. It is reached by a\\nrather rough-traveling weekly stage from Enterprise,\\nfor the immoderate sum of $8.00 a head. Board can\\nbe obtained of Mrs. Sheldon. Kew Symrna was laid\\nout by Dr. Turnbull, during the English occupancy\\nof Florida, and hither he brought his colony of\\nGreeks, Minorcans, and Italians, as I have previously\\nrelated. The marks of their faithful industry are still", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "discernible. Turtle Mound, on the west bank of the\\nLagoon, near the town, is one of the most remarkable\\nshell-mounds, or Kitchen-middens in Florida. I have\\ndescribed it in my Notes on the Floridian Peninsula^\\npage 178. There are a number of other equally curi-\\nous remains of a similar character in the vicinity.\\nA hundred years ago nearly the whole of the bluff\\nalong the river, about half a mile wide, and nearly forty\\nin length, was one vast orange grove.\\nA mail boat leaves here for India river every second\\nweek.\\nINDIAN KIVEK.\\nPersons wishing to visit Indian river for camp hunt-\\ning, should hire an open boat, guide, and tent, (if the\\nlatter is deemed necessary), at Jacksonville, and bring\\nthem to Enterprise on the steamer. From that point\\nthey can row to Lake Harney in two days, where the\\nboat and tent can be carried across to Sand Point, on\\nIndian river, on an ox team. Col. H. P. Titus has a\\nstore and dwelling at Sand Point, and accommodates\\nt ourists either with his team or his table. The distance\\nfrom the Point to Enterprise is forty miles to Lake\\nHarney twenty-two miles, and to Salt Lake seven miles.\\nA hack sometimes runs to Lake Harney during the win-\\nter season (fare $4,00), which delivers the mail at the\\nPoint.\\nIndian river is properly a lagoon, or arm of the sea.\\nIts waters contain about two-thirds as much salt as\\nthose of the ocean. In width it varies from one to four\\nmiles. Its western shore is marshy, ^ith hammocks.\\nAbout half a mile from the water runs a ridge, averag-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "79\\ninghalfa mile across, covered with pines, oak, and\\npalmettos. At places this ridge approaches to the wa-\\nter s edge, and offers first-class camping grounds. It\\nvaries in height, one point having been determined at\\nfifty-two feet above tide level by the United States coast\\nsurvey. That portion known as the Indian Garden, is\\nabout forty feet high, and was formerly thoroughly culti\u00c2\u00ab\\nvated by the natives and the Spaniards. All the ridge\\ncould readily be made extremely productive. The\\nor anges of Indian river are equal to the best brought\\nfrom Havana. A single orchard is said to return to\\nits owner not less than $20,000 a year.\\nHere again the difficultyof access meets one. The\\nFort Pierce channel, the deepest of the outlets of Indi-\\nan river, has but six or seven feet of water at high tide,\\nand it is so filled with sand and oyster shells that naviga-\\ntion is difficult for vessels drawing over three feet.\\nSANTA LUCIE,\\nOne hundred miles below Sand Point, is near the\\noutlet. The intervening shore is very thinly scattered\\nwith settlers, but abounds in unequalled hunting and\\nfishing. Santa Lucie is the county seat of Brevard\\ncounty. It boasts a post office, store, and two or three\\nhouses. Mr. Frank Smith is postmaster, and cheerfully\\ngives information or furnishes accommodation to the\\nfew tourists who wander thus far from civilized life.\\nSANTA LUCIE RIVER\\nCommences twenty miles further south. It, too, is a salt\\nwater lagoon. Formerly a water connection existed\\nbetween this and Indian river, but now it is closed.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "80\\nSanta Lucie river is principally famous for the num-\\nbers, size, and flavor of its turtles. Fort Capron\\nis on its west side. At this point there is a post office,\\nkept by Captain James Payne, who will give any infor-\\nmation wished for about the locality.\\nThe mail along this coast is carried from St. Augutine\\nto Jupiter Inlet in boats, and thence ninety miles along\\nthe beach to Miami on Key Biscayne Bay by a man on\\nfoot. For the whole of this latter distance there is but\\none house, and no fresh water is to be had for a horse.\\nThe messenger is allowed four days for his journey.\\nFrom Miami, which I shall speak of in a subsequent\\nroute, the letters are carried to Key West by schooner.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "81\\ne.-JACKSONVILLE TO TALLAHASEE, QUINCY\\nAND ST. MABKS.\\n(Tallahassee, and Pensacola Georgia, and Florida,\\nAtlanta Gulf Central railways. Time 14 hours, one\\ntrain daily.)\\nThe train leaves Jacksonville following the old mili-\\ntary road, and soon enters open pine woods. The first\\nstation is TVhite House (eleven miles). The next (eight\\nmiles) is Baldwin, (Florida House, M. Colding Pro-\\nprietor). Here the Florida railway connects for Fer-\\nnandina. Cedar Keys, Gainesville, and other points in\\nEast Florida.\\nBeyond Baldwin the train passes over a swampy\\ncountry intersected by numerous creeks flowing north-\\nward into the St. Mary s river, which near here\\nmakes its South Prong far to the south. Sanderson^\\n(eighteen miles) is an insignificant station. Olustee\\n(ten miles) is a rising village in the midst of a wide\\nlevel tract, (no hotel; board at private houses SI. 50 to\\n$2.00 a day.) Ocean Pond, half a mile from the road\\n(right hand side), is a handsome sheet of water, nearly\\ncircular, about four miles in diameter. It is deep, and\\noffers excellent fishing:.\\nLAKE CITY\\n(twelve miles; two tolerable hotels, $3.00 per day, $15.\\nper week; newspaper, Lake City Press telegraph of-\\nfice) is a promising place of several hundred inhabitants.\\nThree miles south of the city is Alligator Lake, a body", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "82\\nof water without any visible outlet. In the wet season\\nit is three or four miles across, but in winter it retires\\ninto a deep sink hole, and the former bottom is trans-\\nformed into a grassy meadow.\\nWelborn\\nIs the next stopping place (twelve miles. The\\nGriffin House, and several boarding houses $1.50 per\\nday, $6.00 per week). It is a prosperous village of\\n150 inhabitants. The water is good, and the neighbor-\\nhood healthy. Its height above tide water is 200 feet.\\nStages leave Welborn daily for the White Sulphur\\nSprings^ on the Suwannee river, eight miles north of\\nthe station (fare $2.00). These springs are a favorite\\nresort for persons suffering from rheumatism and skin\\ndiseases. They have been estimated to discharge about\\nthree hundred hogsheads a minute. The *hotel, ($3.00\\nper day, $12.00 per week, $40.00 per month,) accommo-\\ndating seventy-five guests, stands within a few yards of\\nthe Suwannee river, there a pretty stream about fifty\\nyards wide. There is also a private boarding house\\nnear by. Dr. A. W. Knight, of Maine, resides at the\\nhotel, and will be found an intelligent physician. There\\nis good fishing in the river, and as the county is but\\nsparsely settled, small game is abundant. Horses can\\nbe had for $2.00. The basin of the spring is ten feet\\ndeep, and 30 feet in diameter; the stream runs about\\na hundred yards and then empties into the river.\\nLeaving Welborn, the tram passes Houston^ (five\\nmiles), and reaches Livt Oak (six miles.) Here the morn-\\ning train stops for dinner. A good table is set by Mr.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "Conner, who keeps the hotel ($3 per day, $12.50 per\\nweek, $30.00 per month. Boarding, Mrs. M. A. Mc-\\nCleran, $25.00 per month, Mrs. Goodbread, $1.00 per\\nday, $20.00 per month Newspaper, Live Oak Adver^\\ntizer Churches, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Baptist.)\\nAt this point a connecting railway diverges north to\\nLawton, Ga., on the main line of the Atlantic and\\nGulf R. R. Live Oak to Savannah, $9.00. Live Oak\\nhas at present about 250 inhabitants, and is a growing\\nplace. The country in the vicinity is the usual lime-\\nstone soil of Middle Florida, covered with pine. Pea-\\nches flom ish very well, and the soilis reasonably produc-\\ntive.\\nThe Loiver Spring^ on the banks of the Suwannee\\nriver, eight miles north of Live Oak, is reached by\\ntrains twice daily on the road to Lawton. Its waters\\nare sulphurous, and it is a favorite resort for certain\\nclasses of invalids. The accommodations are passable.\\nBeyond Live Oak, is UUaville, (thirteen miles, for-\\nmerly called Columbus), near the Suwannee. This river\\nis comparatively narrow, and divides at this point into\\nits east and west branches.\\nThe next station (fifteen miles) is Madison ^the county\\nseat of Madison county (Madisoa hotel). The village\\nis half a mile from the depot, located on a plain border-\\ning on a small lake.\\nBeyond this are Goodman station, (fourteen miles),\\n^MCi ZZa, (seven miles), and the Junction (seven miles).\\nAt the latter a railway four miles in length diverges to\\nMONTICELLO,\\nThe county seat^of Jefferson county.\\nHotels. Monticello house, kept by Mrs. Madden, ac-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "84\\ncommodates about thirty guests, $2.00 a day, $30.00 to\\n$40.00 a month Godfrey House. The village has a\\npopulation of about 700. It is pleasantly located and\\nregularly laid out, the court house occupying a square\\nin the center of the town. There are four churches,\\nEpiscopal, Presbytei ian, Methodist and Baptist. There\\nis an academy of nearly 150 pupils, part of the support\\nof the institution being drawn from the Southern Ed-\\nucational Fund, provided by the banker, Mr. Peabody.\\nA flourishing colored school is also in the vicinity.\\nLake Mickasukie, an extensive body of fresh water, is\\nabout three miles distant.\\nThe climate of this part of Florida is dry and equable\\nand the soil the very best upland pine. Many invalids\\nwould find it a very pleasant and beneficial change from\\nthe sea coast or the river side, and immigrants would\\ndo well to visit it. Game and fish are abundant, and the\\nsportsman need never be at a loss for occupation.\\nLeaving the Junction, the train stops SitLloyd^s (nine\\nmiles), Chavies, (six miles), and finally at\\nTALLAHASSEE.\\nHotels. City Hotel, Hagner house, about $3.00 a day.\\nNewspapers. The Floridian and Journal^ Democrat,\\nan old established and ably conducted paper the Tala-\\nhassee Sentinel j republican, likewise well edited.\\nChurches of most denominations.\\nThe capital of Florida is a city of about 3000 inhabi-\\ntants, situated on a commanding eminence in the midst\\nof a rolling and productive country. The name is pro-\\nbably a compound of the Greek talofah, town, and has-\\nsee, sun. The site was choienin 1823 by three commis-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "85\\nsioners, of whom Colonel John Lee Williams, the\\nsubsequent historian of Florida, was one. In the follow-\\ning year the first house was erected. A pleasant stream\\nwinds along the eastern part of the town, and tumbles\\noyer a limestone ledge in a lit tie cataract. The capitol\\nis a brick building, stuccoed, with a handsome center\\nreached by a broad flight of steps, and with spacious\\nwings. It was built by the United States during the\\nterritorial government. It stands in the center of the\\ntown surrounded by a large open square. The usual\\nchambers for the legislative, judicial, and executive\\nbodies are found here.\\nIn one of the offices a curious piece of antiquity is\\npreserved. It is the fragments of a complete suit of\\nancient steel armour ploughed up in a field near Monti-\\ncello. From its appearance it is judged to date from\\nthe sixteenth century.\\nQUINCY\\nlies twenty-four miles west of Tallahassee, (fare $1.50)\\nthe present terminus of the railroad. (Pop. 1,000).\\nHotels. VYillard s, in the centre of the town, and\\nWood s, at the railroad depot. Both $2.50 per day\\n$10.00 a week.\\nBoarding House. *Mrs. Ann Innes same prices.\\nChurches. Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Methodist.\\nNewspaper. The Quincy Monitor^ a well conducted\\nJournal.\\nThe vicinity is a rolling, pine country, with limestone\\nsub-soil. Plenty of marl is found, suitable for fertiliz-\\ning. Cotton, corn, tobacco, and vines are cultivated\\nwith success. There is an agricultural association, of", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "86\\nwhich Judge C. H. Dupont is president. Some caves and\\nother natural curiosities are found in the vicinity.\\nStages run from Quincy to Chatahoochee, tri-weekly\\nfare $5.00 twenty miles an exhorbitant charge. The\\nboarding house in Chatahoochee, $2.00 per day. The\\nsteamer from Columbus and Bainbridge, Ga., touch at\\nChatahoochee daily fare to Apalachicola, $5.00.\\nTALLAHASSEE TO ST. MAUKS.\\nBy St. Marks Railroad distance twenty-one miles\\ntime, one hour and thirty minutes. There is no hotel\\nat St. Marks, and but one boarding house, that of Mrs.\\nEliza Barber, $3.50 per day, $12.00 per week. There\\nare excellent hunting and fishing in this vicinity, and\\nboats can be hired at very reasonable prices, but horses\\nare scarce. The town is an old Spanish settlement,\\nand some remains of the ancient fortifications are still\\nvisible in the vicinity. It was first settled under the\\nname of San Marcos de Apalache, in 1718, by Don\\nJoseph Primo. At one time it was a port of some\\npromise, but has now fallen into insignificance.\\nIt is situated at the junction of the St. Marks and\\nWakulla rivers. The latter stream is ten miles in\\nlength, and takes its rise in the famous *Wakulla foun-\\ntain. The name is the Creek word wanJcuUa, (n-nasal)\\nSouth. It is a remarkable curiosity, and should be vis-\\nited by those who have the time. The most pleasant\\nand most expensive means is to hire a carriage at\\nTallahassee, from which the spring is seventeen miles\\ndistant.\\nThe country in the vicinity is low and flat, covered\\nwith dense groves of cypress, liveoak, c. The spring", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "87\\nis oval in shape, about thirty yards in diameter, and\\nquite deep. On the eastern side is a rocky ledge,\\nwhence the stream issues. The water is cool, im-\\npregnated with limfe, and of a marvellous clearness.\\nTroops of fishes can be seen disporting themselves in\\nthe transparent depths.\\nMr. Wise, of the Coast Survey, found bottom at\\neighty-eighty feet, the lead being plainly visible at that\\ndepth. In the same vicinity the Ocilla, Wacilla,\\nand Spring Creek Springs are likewise subterranean\\nstreams, which boil up from great depths in fountains\\nof perfect clearness.\\nNEWPORT,\\nA few miles from St. Marks, on the St. Marks river,\\nwas at one time a place of considerable summer resort,\\nbut is now but little visited. Kear by is a natural\\nbridge, over the river, which is esteemed sufficiently\\ncurious to attract occasional visitors.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "88\\n5, THE OKLAWAHA KIVEH AND THE SILVEB\\nSPKING.\\nBoats leave Jacksonville and Palatka every Thursday\\nfor Lake Griffin. Time from Palatka to Silver Spring,\\nforty hours fare, $5,00 distance, 100 miles. The boats\\nare necessarily small, and the accommodations limited.\\nThe Oklawaha, so called from one of the seven clans\\nof the Seminoles, falls into the St. John opposite the\\ntown of Welaka. It is only within a few years that, at\\na considerable expenditure, it has been rendered navi-\\ngable. Its mouth is hardly noticed in ascending the St.\\nJohn.\\nAt Welaka, leaving the broad, placid bosom of the\\nformer river, the little steamer enters a narrow, swift\\nand tortuous stream, overhung by enormous cypresses.\\nIts width is from twenty to forty yards, and its depth\\nfrom fifteen to twenty feet. Katural, leafy curtains of\\nvines and aquatic plants veil its banks.\\nTwelve miles from the mouth the boat passes\\nDAVENPORT S BLUFF,\\nOn the right bank, where there are a few houses. Above\\nthis point the Karrows commence and extend eight\\nmiles. The river is divided into numerous branches,\\nseparated by wet cypress islands. Dense, monotonous\\nforests of cypress, curled maple, black and prickly ash^\\ncabbage trees, and loblolly bays shut in the stream on\\nboth sides.\\nSeventeen miles above Davenport s Bluff are the\\n*BLUE SPRINGS.\\nThese rise in the river itself about four feet from\\nthe right bank. They are warmer than the river water,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "89\\nand when seen in the sun s rays have a dark blue tinge.\\nThey have never been analyzed.\\nKine miles above these springs the pine ^oods abut\\non the river, and there is a settlement on the right\\nhand bank called\\nFORT BROOKE.\\nThis is within two miles of ^Orange Spring, a sul-\\nphur spring, with strongly impregnated waters, but at\\npresent without accommodations for travelers. It is to\\nbe hoped that this will not continue, as it is one of the\\nmost admirable of the many medicinal springs of Florida.\\nTwelve miles above is\\nPAINE S LANDING,\\nnear wliere the waters of Orange Lake drain into the\\nriver.\\nOne and a half miles beyond is a settlement with the\\npretty name lola. A few miles further up forty foot\\nBluff commences, which skirts the river several miles,\\nhere and there separated from it by cj press groves.\\nAs the steamer ascends, the banks become higher,\\npines more frequent along the shore, and cultivated\\nfields more numerous.\\nAt length, at a distance of 100 miles from the mouth\\nof the river, the crystal current of ^Silver Spring Run,\\nhere as large as the river itself above the junction,\\npours into the coffee-colored waters of the Oklawaha.\\nThe Eun is ten miles in length, with extensive savan-\\nA good description of Silver Spring is found in Gen. McGalPs\\nLetters from the Frontier, p. 149, and a more scientific one in my\\nNotes on the Florid ian Peninsula. Appendix I.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "90\\nnas on either side, shut in by a distant wall of pines.\\nIn the spring months these savannas are covered with\\nthousands of beautiful and fragrant flowers.* The\\nstream is rapid, with an average width of 100 feet, and\\na depth of twenty feet. The water is perfectly clear,\\nso that the bottom is distinctly visible. At places, it is\\nclothed with dark green sedge, swaying to and fro in\\nthe current; at others, ridges of grey sand and white\\nshells offer a pleasant contrast.\\nThe Spring-head forms an oval basin, 150 yards long,\\n100 feet wide, and forty feet deep. The water gushes from\\na large opening about 5 feet high, and fifteen feet long,\\nunder a ledge of limestone at the north-eastern extre-\\nmity. It is free from any unpleasant taste, has a tem-\\nperature of 73 degrees Fah., and is so transparent that\\na small coin can be distinctly seen on the bottom of the\\ndeepest part of the basin. When the basin is seen with\\nthe sunbeams falling upon it at a certain angle their\\nrefraction gives the sides and bottom the appearance\\nof being elevated and tinged with the hues of the\\nrainbow.\\nSome observations I took about a mile below the ba-\\nsin, with a three inch log, at a time when the water was\\nat an average height, show that this fountain throws\\nout about three hundred million gallons every twenty-\\nfour hours, or more than twenty times the amount con-\\nsumed daily by Kew York city.\\nAt Silver Spring stages meet the toat for\\nOCALA,\\nThe county seat of Marion co., nine miles distant.\\nThe intervening country is rolling, with pine woods", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "91\\nand hammocks. Ocala is a neat town, with about 300\\ninhabitants, two hotels, $1.50 per day, $25.00 per mo.\\nseveral boardmg houses two newspapers. East Florida\\nBanner livery stable physician, Dr. T. P. Gary\\nseveral churches mail three times a week by stage to\\nGainesville on the Florida R. R., fare for one passenger\\nto Gainesville, $6.00 mail stage to Tampa.\\nThis portion of the State impresses the visitor favor-\\nably, and is well adapted for sugar cane and fruit, but\\nit is cursed with malarial fevers of severe type.\\nA few miles south of the town are the remains of\\nFort King, a military post in the Seminole war, and\\nsix miles south, near the road to Tampa, there is a cave\\nof some size in the limestone rock.\\nReturning now to the Oldawaha, and pursuing our\\njourney up that river, no change in the monotony of\\nthe cypress swamp occurs for about sixteen miles above\\nSilver Spring run. At this distance is the small settle-\\nment Cow Ford. Beyond it the cypress disappears,\\nand a savanna covered with dense saw grass stretches\\non either side for one or two miles from the river. This\\nportion of the river has been but recently cleared and\\nit was not till early in 1868 that the first steamboats\\ncould make their trips through this part. The chief\\ndifficulty encountered was thefloating islands|w^hich cov-\\nered the river, sometimes so thickly that no sign of its\\ncourse was visible. They were composed mainly of\\nthe curious aquatic plant the pistia spathulata. These\\nhad to be sawed in pieces and the fragments suffered to\\nfloat down, or fastened to the shore.\\nAfter passing through these savannas some miles\\nthe boat enters Lake Griffin, a narrow lake about nine", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "92\\nmiles long. Several thriving settlements are on its\\nbanks, which present a diversity of soil, swamp, ham-\\nmock, and pme land.\\nSix miles beyond Lage Griffin is Lake Eustis, a\\nsmaller body of water, but more pleasing to the eye.\\nThe settlement of Fort Mason is upon its shores.\\nBeyond Lake Eustis a deep channel a mile and a\\nlialf long called the Narrows leads to Lake Harris. It\\nis fourteen miles in length and in some parts seven\\nmiles wide. Much of the land upon its b.anks is of the\\nbest quality. The Oklawaha enters it at its souuh-\\nwestern extremity.\\nLEESBrr.G,\\nA small village, passed between Lakes Grritfia and\\nHarris, is now the county seat of Sumter county. About\\nfive miles above Lake Harris is Lake Dunham, the head\\nof navigation of the Oklawaha. A settlement on this\\nlake bearing the name Oklawha is the terminus.\\nAll this country south of Silver Spring Run is laid\\ndown quite incorrectly on all maps but the last edition\\nof Mr. Drew s Map of Florid i.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "93\\n7, FROM FERJSTANDINA TO CEDAR KEYS.\\n(Florida Uailroad; distance 151 miles time 11 hom-s,\\n30 min. Fare $11.00.)\\nThe train, on leaving Fernandina, runs southward on\\nAmelia Island, for about three miles, through a forest\\nof pine and live oak with an undergrowth of myrtle and\\npalmetto. The road then turns westward and crosses\\nthe salt marshes, and a narrow arm of the sea, the lat-\\nter about twenty-five yards wide, which separate the\\nisland from the main. Beyond these, it enters the low\\npine lands of Nassau county. They are unproductive,\\nthinly inhabited, and to the traveler extremely mo-\\nnotonous. The first station is Callahan (27 miles) the\\nnext Baldwin (Florida House), where a connection is\\nmade with the Pensacola and Georgia Railway for Tal-\\nlahassee, Jacksonville, etc.\\nThe country gradually rises and improves in quality\\nof soil beyond this point, but houses continue sparse.\\nThe station next beyond is Trail Ridge (15 miles).\\nHere the mail is delivered for Middleburg on Black\\nCreek, twelve miles east. (See Route up the St.\\nJohn.)\\nMuch of the land is swampy, and the road crosses a\\nnumber of small water courses, tributaries of Black\\nCreek. The traveller is now approaching the Lake\\ncountry of Central Florida. The succeeding small sta-\\ntion, Waldo^ (22 miles) is in the midst of a group of\\nponds, lakes and extensive swamps.\\nThey are known as the Ettini ponds. They are sep-\\narated by sand hills and stretches of fertile low-lands.\\nTwelve miles beyond Waldo is", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "94\\nGAINESVILLE.\\n^o^eZ^.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^Exchange hotel, by Messrs. Barnes\\nShemwell the Magnolia house the BeviU house\\ncharges, $2.50 per day.\\nKeiDspaper. The Neiv Ei-a, (Democrat).\\nTioo Livery Stables.\\nChurcJies. Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian.\\nGainesville (pop. 1500) is situated in one of the most\\nfertile regions of Florida. It is on a portion of the old\\nArredondo Grant, which embraced the larger part\\ncf the rich Alachua plains, and has been called, not\\nwithout reason, the garden of the State. The soil is a\\nsandy loam, resting on limestone. The latter is friable,\\nand easily eroded by water. The rains frequently thus\\nundermine the soil, which suddenly gives way, forming\\nso-called sinks and pot holes, common throughout\\nAlachua and the neighboring counties. One of the\\nlargest is the *DeviVs Wash Pot, 200 feet in depth,\\ninto which three small streams plunge by a series of\\nleaps. Payne s Prairie, a rich, level tract, twelve miles\\nin length, enclosing a pretty lake, commences three\\nmiles south of Gainesville.\\nThe famous Orange Grove commences about twelve\\nmiles south of (rainesville and extends nearly around\\nOrange Lake. It is probably the largest natural orange\\ngrove in the world, and in the spring when the trees\\nare in blossom, perfumes the whole region.\\nThe Katural Bridge over the Santa Pe river is most\\nreadily approached from Gainesville, from which it is\\nabout twenty four miles distant, west of north. The\\nroad passes through Xewnansville, (the Wilson House,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "95\\nwidow Frier s boarding house, both $2.25 per day,) a\\nplace of 200 inhabitants. Near this place is Warren s\\nCave, a curiosity of local note. The Katural Bridge\\nmarks, in fact, the spot where the river enters an un-\\nderground channel for three miles of its course. Close\\nto the bridge are the Wellington Springs, a sulphurous\\nsource of considerable magnitude, but with no accom:\\nmodations.\\nA mail stage with very limited provisions for passen-\\ngers, leaves GainsvilleforMicanopy, Ocala, and Tampa,\\nthree times a week. Travelers arriving at Gainesville,\\non their way to the upper St. John, will do well to hire\\na private conveyance and go by Payne s prairie and the\\nOrange Grove to Ocala (thirty-eight miles) and the SiU\\nver Spring whence they can take the boats on the Ok-\\nlawaha. (See page 89.) This trip will show them the\\nmost fertile portion of central Florida.\\nLeaving Gainesville, the train passed over a high,\\nrolling, limestone country, through open forests of pine,\\nhickory, blackjack, and other hardwood trees. The\\nfirst station. Archer, fifteen miles, (one hotel, $3.00 per\\nday,) is in the midst of such scenery. About ten miles^\\nbeyond it the surface descends, and cypress and ham\\nmock become more frequent.\\nThe next station. Otter Creek, twenty-two miles, is\\non the western border of the dense Gulf hammock, the\\npart of it which lies in this vicinity being styled the\\nDevil s hammock.\\nAs it approaches the Gulf, the road crosses a number\\nof small creeks and over several arms of the sea, pass-\\ninf^ from island to island until it reaches Cedar Key", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "96\\n(nineteen miles), where is the terminus. (*Hotel kept\\nby Mr. Willard, $3.00 per day.)\\nThe population of the key is about 400, chiefly en-\\ngaged in lumbering. Excellent hunting and fishing can\\nbe had in the vicinity, and many pretty shells and sea.\\nmosses are found along the shore. A hard sand beach,\\nhalf a mile in length, is a favorite promenade. There\\nare no horses on the island, but boats, here the only\\nmeans of transportation, can be hired from $3.00 to\\n$5.00 a day. Remains of the former Indian occupants,\\nsuch as shell mounds, stone axes, arrowheads, pottery,\\netc., are very abundant.\\nSteamers touch at Ceder Keys ever}^ day or two,\\nproviding ready communication with the principal\\npoints on the Gulf. The fares are about as follows\\nto Tampa, $10.00 Key West, $20.00 Havana, $30.00\\nSt. Marks, $10.00 Apalachicola, $20.00 Pensacola,\\n$30.00 Kew Orleans, $40.00 Mobile, $20.00.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "97\\n8. KEY -WEST-THE FLORIDA KEYS AK^D THE\\nGULF COAST.\\nKEY WEST.\\nHotels. *Russell House, George Phillips, proprietor,,\\non Duval St. Florida House, both $2.50 per clay, $40.00\\nto $60.00 per mouth.\\nBoarding-Houses.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Dixon, Whitehead Street\\nMrs. E. Armbrister, Duval Street Mrs. Clarke from\\n$8.00 to $15.00 per week.\\nTelegraph to Havana and the north office in Naval\\ndepot building. Post Office opposite the Russell House.\\nChurches. Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Baptist, and\\nMethodist.\\nBookseller.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 R. P. Campbell, Duval Street, (northern\\nweeklies, Brinton s Guide-Book).\\nNewspaper.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Key West Dispatch, weekly, well edited.\\nThe Key West Literary Association has a readiug-room.\\nSteamship Lines. The Baltimore, Havana, and New\\nOrleans line, semi-monthly to Baltimore, $50.00, to\\nHavana $10.00, to New Orleans $40.00. The C. H.\\nMallory Co., line from New York to Galveston and\\nNew. Orleans, semi-weekly to New York $40.00, to\\nGalveston $40.00. The Spofford and Tilson line from\\nNew York to Galveston and New Orleans, semi- weekly\\nto New York $40.00, to New Orleans $40.00. The\\nAlliance, Uuited States mail line, to Fort Jefierson,\\nTampa, Cedar Keys, St. Marks, Apalachicola, Pensa-\\ncola, and Mobile, the line for the west coast of Florida.\\nThe name Key West is a corruption of the Spanish\\nCayo Hieso, Bone Key, the latter word being of Indian\\norigin Arawack, Kairi, island). Formerly it was called\\nThompson s island by the English. It is about six", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "98\\nmiles long and one mile wide, and is formed of an ooli-\\ntic coralline limestone. It is the highest point of the\\nFlorida Keys, yet of such insignificant altitutde that the\\nmost elevated point is only fifteen feet above the sea\\nlevel. The soil is thin swampy and but little cultivated.\\nIt produces, however, a thick jungle-like growth of man-\\ngroves, cacti, tamarinds, mastics, gum elemi, and simi-\\nlar tropical bushes from twelve to fifteen feet in height.\\nThere is no fresh water except that furnished by e\\nrains. Wells are dug in different parts, and reach water\\nat the depth of a few feet, but brackish and unpalatable.\\nSo closely, indeed, are these wells in connection with\\nthe surrounding ocean, that the water rises and falls in\\nthem as the tides do on the shore, but following after\\nan interval of about three hours.\\nThe town is in latitude 24\u00c2\u00b0 33 It was mcorporated\\nin 1829. The present population is 4,800, of which 1500\\nare colored. It is situated on the northern part of the\\nwestern end of the island, and has an excellent harbor.\\nDuval is the principal street. Kows of cocoanut palms\\nline some of the principal avenues, presenting a very\\npicturesque appearance. A fine view of the harbor\\nand town can be had from the cupola of Mr. Charles\\nTilt, agent of the Baltimore line of steamers.\\nMany of the residences are neat and attractive. The\\nlower part of the town is known as Conch town. Its\\ninhabitants are called Conches, and are principally en-\\ngaged in wrecking, that is, relieving and rescuing the\\nnumerous vessels which are annually cast away or driven\\nashore on the treacherous Florida reef. The Conches\\nare of English descent, their fathers having migrated\\nfrom the Bahamas. In spite of the dubious reputation", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "99\\nwhich they have acquired, they are a hard working and\\nsufficiently honest set, and carry on their perilous occu-\\npation if not quite for the sake of humanity, yet content\\nwith a just salvage. Their favorite vessels are sloops\\noften to forty tons, which they manage with extraordi-\\nnary skill.\\nQuite a number of Spaniards are domesticated in Key\\nWest. The dark eyes, rich tresses, graceful forms, and\\ndelicate feet of the ladies frequently greet the eye.\\nHavana is only eighty-four miles distant, with almost\\ndaily communication.\\nFine oranges, coacoanuts, alligator pears, cigars and\\nother good things for which the Pearl of the Antilles\\nis famous can readily be obtained. The favorite social\\ndrink is champerou, a compound of curacoa, eggs, Ja-\\nmaica spirits and other ingredients. Fish are abundant\\nand finely flavored. A variety of sardine has been\\nfound in the waters near, and has been used commer-\\ncially to a limited extent.\\nThe principal industries are sponging and tur-\\ntling. The sponges are collected along the reef and\\nshores of the peninsula. From December, 1868, to\\nMarch, 1869, 14,000 pounds were leceived by one mer-\\nchant. They are all, however, of inferior quality.\\nThe turtles are of four varieties. The green turtle\\nis the most highly prized as food. They are sometimes\\nenormous in size weighing many hundred pounds. The\\nhawks-bill turtle is the variety from which tortoise\\nshell for combs, etc., is obtained. The loggerhead\\nand duck bill are less esteemed.\\nExtensive salt works have long been in operation\\nhere They produce annually about 30,000 bushels of", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "100\\nsalt by solar evaporation. Corals and shells of unu-\\nsual beauty are found among the keys, and can be\\nbought for a trifling amount. Handsome canes made\\nof the Florida crab-tree, are also to be purchased.\\nKey West is a U. S. naval station for supplying ves-\\nsels with coal, provisions, etc. There is a Naval Hos-\\npital near the town, 100 feet in length, and several\\nother extensive public buildings. As in a military\\npoint of view the point is deemed of great importance\\nin protecting our gulf coast, the general government has\\ngone to large expense in fortifying it. Fort Taylor, at\\nthe entrance of the harbor, is still in process of con-\\nstruction. When completed, it will mount 200 heavy\\nguns. Besides it there are two large batteries, one on\\nthe extreme north part of the island, and one midway\\nbetween it and Fort Taylor. The Barracks are usually\\noccupied by acompan}-^ of the 5th XJ. S. Artillery.\\nThe climate of Key West is the warmest and the\\nmost equable in the United States. Even in winter the\\nsouth winds are frequently oppressive and debilitating.\\nFrom five to ten northers occur every winter, and\\nthough they are not agreeable on account of the vio-\\nlence of the wind, they do not reduce the temperature\\nbelow 40 degrees Fahr.\\nThough the proximity of the Gulf Stream renders the\\nair very moist, mists and fogs are extremel} rare, ow-\\ning to the equability of the temperature, and though\\nthe hygrometer shows that the air is constantly loaded\\nwith moisture, this same equability allows the moon\\nand stars to shine with a rare and glorious brilliancy,\\nsuch as we see elsewhere on dry and elevated plateaux.\\nAnother effect of the Gulf Stream m ly also be noted.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "101\\nEvery evening, shortly after sunset, a cloud-bank rises\\nalong the southern horizon in massive, irregular fleeces,\\ndark below and silver gilt above by the rays of the de-\\nparting sun. This is the cloud-bank over the Gulf\\nStream, whose vast current of heated waters is rushmg\\nsilently along, some twelve miles oft\\nDRY TORTUGAS. FORT JEFFERSOK.\\nTwo steamers of the Alliance Ime from Key West,\\ntouch monthly at the Tortugas. Also, two schooners\\nply between the two points.\\nThe Dry Tortugas (Sp. Turtle islands), are a group\\nof small coral islands, about a score in number, fifty\\nmiles west of Key West. Garden Key is the main\\nisland, upon which Fort Jefferson is situated. It is\\nabout one mile in circumference, comprising nine acres\\nof ground. The fort is an irregular hexagonal struct,\\nure, of double circular walls of brick and earth, with a\\nfoundation of coral rock. It was commenced in 1846.\\nThe entrance is through a handsome and massive ~*sal-\\nlyport. Inside, on the right, are the lighthouse and\\nkeeper s residence.\\nBetween the walls the barracks aiid officers quarters\\nare situated. A well-kept walk of cement leads from\\nthe sallyport to the latter. Within the inner wall is\\nan open space of about fifteen acres, well set in Ber-\\nmuda grass, and dotted here and there with cocoanut\\npalms.\\nThere is a good library in the fort. Service everj^\\nSunday by an army chaplain.\\nKearly a thousand prisoners were confined here\\nduring the war. At one time the yellow fever carried", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "102\\noff great numbers of them. Sand Key, a barren sand\\nbank of twenty-five acres, is used as a cemetery. Log-\\ngerhead Key, some miles west, has a tall and symmet-\\nrical lighthouse. Bird Key is a favorite resort of\\nturtles.\\nMIA n AXD KEY BISCAYJfE BAY.\\nMail Schooner on the 1st and 15th of every month\\nfrom Key West. Accommodations poor and insuffi-\\ncient. iSo public house, and few settlers at Miami.\\nUndoubtedly the jSnest winter climate in the United\\nStates, both in point of temperature and health, is to\\nbe found on the south-eastern coast of Florida. It is\\nearnestly to be hoped, for the sake of mvalids, that ac-\\ncommodations along the shore at Key Biscayne and at\\nthe mouth of the Miami, will, before long, be provided,\\nand that a weekly or semi-weekly steamer be run from\\nKey AYest thither. In the concluding chapters of this\\nbook I shall give in detail my reasons for thinking so\\nhighly of that locpJity, and shall here describe it with\\nsome minuteness. One strong argument in its favor I\\ninsei^t here. While it is the very best, it could also be\\nmade the most accessible part of the sea coast of Florida,\\nas the whole journey from the north or north-west\\ncould be made by water, the only transhipment being\\nat Key West.\\nOn leaving the harbor the schooner takes a southerly\\ncourse, jDassing on the left numbers of low keys cover-\\ned with dense mangrove bushes, quite concealino- their\\nshores. Here and there are gleaming ridges of white\\nrocks, over which the breaxers tumble in glittering\\nsheets o foam. This is a portion of the dreaded reef.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "103\\non which unnumbered vessels have met their destruc-\\ntion. These naked islets, uninhabited and surrounded\\nby the interminable moan of the ocean, impressed with\\nan undefined sense of sadness the early Spanish mar-\\niners. They therefore called them Los Martires (the\\nMartyrs) and well they deserve the name, says the\\nold chronicler, for many a man, since then, has met a\\npainful death upon them. (Herrera, Ilistoria de las\\nndias. Bee. J, Lib. JX, cajJ. X.)\\nThese are kept within sight until the Cape Florida\\nlight comes into view, (latitude 25 degrees, 39 minutes,\\n56 seconds,) on the extreme southern point of Key Bis-\\ncayne. On rounding the Ight, Key Biscayne Bay is\\nentered. This is a body of water about twenty-five miles\\nlong, and from two to six miles broad. The settlement\\nof Miami is on the river of that name, a clear, beauti-\\nful stream, fringed with mangrove, and marked for\\nsome distance with a long line of coacoanut trees, laden\\nwith their large, green fruit. At its mouth it is about a\\nhundred yards wide, with an average depth of six feet.\\nThere are about a dozen settlers on Key Biscayne Bay.\\nLieutenant Governor Gleason resides at Miami, and\\nwill entertain travelers to the extent that he can.\\nAt this part of the coast, a ridge of loose coralline\\nlimestone about four miles in width, and from ten to\\ntwenty-five feet in height, extends along the shore be-\\ntween the bay and the Everglades. Ko ponds of stag-\\nnant water are near, and the soil, though not very rich,\\nis a loose, sandy loam, exceedingly well adapted for\\ngarden vegetables and fruit. Arrow root [Maranta arun-\\ndinacea) and the koonta, an allied plant, grow in great", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "104\\nabundance, and are higlily prized by the Indians as\\nfood.\\nAich creek empties into Key Biscayne bay ten miles\\nnorth of the Miami river. It receives its name from a\\n^natural arch of limestone rock, fifty feet wide, which\\nspans the waters of the stream as they flow through a\\nchannel a number of feet below.\\nThe Punch howl is the name given by the sailors to\\n\u00c2\u00a71 curious natural well about one mile south of the\\nmouth of the Miami and close to the shore. It is al-\\nways filled with good sweet water and is greatly resort-\\ned to on that account.\\nGame, as deer, bear, turkeys, etc., is very abundant\\nin the pine woods which extend along the coast, and\\nfish swarm in countless numbers in the bay. Turtle of\\nthe finest kinds can l.e caught on the islets off shore.\\nOysters are plentiful, but smaller and not so well fla-\\nTored as on the gulf coast.\\nWhen it is remembered that in addition to these de-\\nsirable advantages, the temperature of this favored\\nspot is so equable that it does not vary in some years\\nmore than 25\u00c2\u00b0, its advantages as a resort for invalids\\nwill be evident.\\nThe abundance of game on the shore ridge from Cape\\nSable to the Miami, led it to be chosen as a favorite\\nspot of resort by the Indians, and it is still known dis-\\ntinctively as the Hunting Grounds. lis character is\\nquite uniform. Kear the shore is a breadth of rolling\\nprairie land at points quite narrow, at others six miles\\nin width, and elevated from three to eight or ten feet\\nabove high water. This is backed by abridge about", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "105\\none quarter of a mile wide, covered with pines and\\nblack mangroves.\\nMost of the keys are cut by deep lagoons, and the\\nwhole of their surfaces are under water at high tide.\\nOnly a few have any soil fit for vegetables, and settle-\\nments upon them are very scarce. Old and Kew Mata\u00c2\u00bb\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acumba have springs of fresh water, and were one of\\nthe last resorts of the ancient Caloosa Indians. Dov\\nand Tea Table Keys are said to have the richest soil,\\nthe best I have seen in Florid^, says Mr. Wainright,\\nof the U. S. Coast Survey.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "106\\n9. THE ^WESTEBN COAST.\\nSteamers from Key West touch at all the principal\\npoints on the western or Gulf coast of the peninsula.\\nThis coast is very much the same in character\\nthroughout its whole extent. It is an almost continu-\\nous helt of marsh, cut by innumerable creeks and bay-\\nous, extending from five to fifteen miles into the inte-\\nrior. Thousands of small islands covered with stunted\\nmangroves, and wholly or in part overflowed at high\\nwater, conceal the main land. The channels between\\nthem are usually shallow, with mud bottoms, and in\\nparts, the slope of the shore is so gradual that low wa-\\nter exposes a mud flat one to two miles wide.\\nFrom Key West to St. Marks there are two tides\\ndaily, in the twenty-four (lunar) hours, one, the high-\\nest, rising from one foot to one foot six inches. From\\nSt. Marks to the Mississippi the smaller tide disa^Dpears,\\nso there remains but one daily.\\nImmediately north of Cape Sable, which shoprs from\\nthe sea a sand-beach three feet high, are the Thousand\\nIsles, some few of which were formerly cultivated by\\nSpanish planters. Charlotte Harbor, between latitude\\n26 degrees 30 seconds and 27 degrees,is entered by the\\nBoca Grande, which has fifteen feet of water at low tide.\\nThe bay itself has a depth of three or four fathoms. At\\nits southern extremity it receives the waters of Caloo-\\nsahatchee river. This stream has a depth of twelve\\nfeet for thirty-five or forty miles, and with a little ex-\\npense could be rendered navigable for steamboats.\\nThe lower part of its course is through swamps, but\\nabout twenty-five miles up, it flows through high lands\\ncovered with palms, oak, pine, and palmetto.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "107\\nBetween Charlotte Harbor and Sarasota Bay the\\nshore forms a straight line of white sand beach several\\nfeet in height, and covered with pine and cypress. Sar-\\nasota Bay is about twenty miles long, and one to four\\nbroad, dotted with numerous mangrove islets. Its depth\\nis about eight feet.\\nNorth of Tampa bay are several small rivers, the\\nPithlo-chas-kotee, or boat-building river, the Chassa-\\nhowitzka, the Crystal, the Homosassa, and the We-\\nthlocco-chee or Withlacooche. Their banks are low\\nand marshy, producing little of value except a fine\\nvariety of cedar. Much of this is exported to France\\nand England for the manufacture of lead pencils.\\nIn the coves where the mud is not too deep 03 ster\\nbanks are numerous, and on almost every little stream\\nthe traveler finds the shell heaps left by the aborigines\\nof the country. One of these of unusual size and in-\\nterest, on the Crystal Kiver, I have described in the\\nAnnual Keport of the Smithsonian Institution for 1866,\\np. 356.\\nSponge reefs also occur at various parts of the coast\\nand many small vessels are employed in collecting these\\nanimals and drying them for the market.\\nThe low lands along the coast are often rich, but\\nthey are unhealthy. The United States Army Medical\\nEeports pronounce them the most unhealthy parts of\\nthe peninsula. This, however, does not apply to the\\nsandy pine tracts south of Tampa Bay, many of which\\nstill bear the imprint of an extended cultivation in some\\npast time.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "1C8\\nTAMPA.\\nHotels. ^Florida House Orange Grove Hotel, both\\nS2.00 per day, $35.00 to $40.00 per month.\\nBoarding Houses. Several in number, from $5.00 to\\n$10.00 per week.\\nMails. By steamer, twice weekly; to Brookville,\\nweekly.\\nChurcTies. Baptist, Methodist, Roman Catholic.\\nNewspapers. The True Southerner republican the\\nJFlorida Peninsular^ democratic both weekly.\\nSailboats and Horses^ ?i\\\\)0\\\\xt%l.OO ^Qv day.\\nTampa is a town of 600 inhabitants, on the left (east)\\nbank of Hillsborouh river, where it empties into Hills-\\nborough bay. It is thirty miles from the lijht house at\\nthe entrance of tlie harbor. The soil is poor, covered\\nchiefly with pine, red oak and palmettos.\\nFor many years this has been an important military\\nstation. Fort Brooke, commenced 1823, stands on the\\nreservation near the the town, and additional barracks\\nhave recently been erected. Several companies of in-\\nfantry are here most of the time.\\nExcellent hunting and fishing can be had in the vicin-\\nity of Tampa. Th) oysters in the bay are as large,\\nabundant and finely flavored as anywhere on the Gulf\\ncoast. The orange groves are flourishing and many of\\nthe inhabitants raise garden vegetables. Old army\\nofficers have learned to regard it as one of the best sta-\\ntions in the United States for providing the mess.\\nThe land in the vicinity is level. A large Indian\\nmound, nearly twenty feet high, stands upon the res-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "109\\nervation, close to the town. Last winter (1869) this\\nwas opened by a curiosity seeker, and the usual con-\\ntents of Florida mounds\u00e2\u0080\u0094 bones, pottery, ornaments,\\netc. taken out. Beautiful specimens of chalcedony\\nand fortification agate, well known in mineralogical\\ncabinets, are found along the shore, washed out from\\nthe marl. Above Tampa, on the Hillsborough river,\\nis a Sulphur Spring thirty feet in diameter and twelve\\nfeet deep. At the rapids of the Hillsborough river,\\nnear the spring, a dark bluish siliceous rock, supposed\\nto be eocene, crops out.\\nMANATEE\\nis a small town six miles from the mouth of Manatee\\nriver, near the southern entrance of Tampa Bay. There\\nis no hotel, but accommodations can be had with Judge\\nGates, or other residents. Fine orange groves and su-\\ngar plantations are near here. Manatee is a shallow^\\nsluggish stream, two miles wide, with salt water. A\\nweekly mail boat with Tampa is the only regular com-\\nmunication. Historically, Tampa, or Espiritu Santo\\nBay, as the Spaniards named it, is interesting as the\\nlanding place of Hernando de Soto in May, 1539. The\\nprecise spot where his soldiers disembarked cannot\\nnow be decided. Theodore Irving Conquest of Florida,\\np. 58) places it immediately in the village of Tampa, at\\nthe extreme head of Hillsborough Bay. Buckingham\\nSmith, whose studies of the old Spanish maps and re-\\ncords of Florida have been most profound, lays it down\\nat the entrance of Tampa Bay, on the south bank, be-\\ntween Manatee river and the Gulf Shore But he adds\\ncould I utterly disregard the authority of old maps,", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "110\\nand an opinion sanctioned by a long succession of wri-\\nters, I sliould judge the landing-place of Soto to be far\\nfeouthvvard of Tampa.\\nAfter a short stay, the steamer leaves Tampa and\\nheads for Cedar Keys, distant one hundred and sixty\\nmiles fare $10.00 time twenty-four hours. This has\\nalready been described. The next point is St. Marks,\\nthe terminus of the Tallahassee railroad, which has\\nalready been spoken of in a previous route. (Distance\\n100 miles from Cedar Keys to St. Marks fare SIO.OO.)\\nThe steamer next stops at\\nAPALACHICOLA,\\ndistant sixty miles from St- Marks. This town, once a\\nplace of considerable trade, exporting a hundred thou-\\nsand bales of cotton a year, is now extremely dull. It\\nhas a good harbor, and being at the mouth of the Chat-\\ntahoochee river, has capacities not yet developed.\\nSteamers run from here to Bainbridge, Georgia, and all\\nstations on the river.\\nAfter leaving Apalachicola the steamer heads south-\\nward, the long, low island, St. George s, being visible\\non the left, and St. Vincent s island and the main land\\non the right. Once into the Gulf, no more land is seen\\nuntil the well-fortified entrance to Pensacola harbor\\ncomes in sight. The town of Warrenton, where the\\nUnited States navy yard is situated, is first seen. It is\\na small place.\\nPENSACOLA.\\nNo hotel. Boarding houses by Mrs. Davis, on the\\nbeaA, near the depot; Mrs. Knapp, \u00c2\u00a9n Intendencia", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "Ill\\nstreet Mrs. Williams, on Palafox, the principal street.\\nMr. Hoffman, at the depot, has good accommodations\\nfor a limited number. Gentlemen can obtain lodging-\\nrooms above Giovanni s confectionary store, on Pala-\\nfox street, and meals at the City Restaurant, opposite\\nthe square. The charge at the boarding houses is $3.00\\nper day, $15.00 per week.\\nA daily mail and telegraph office are now there.\\nBaths and livery stables convenient.\\nNewspapers. The Pensacola Observer^ tri-weekly;\\nthe West Florida Commercial, weekly. Reading room\\nfor gentlemen at the Gem restaurant.\\nC/^wrc^es.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Methodist.\\nPhysicians. Drs. Hargis, Lee.\\nPensacola has about 2000 inhabitants, one-third of\\nwhom are colored. The bay was discovered in 1559, by\\nDon Tristan de Luna y Arellana, who named it Santa\\nMaria de Galve. He landed with 1500 men and a num-\\nber of women and children, mtending to establish a\\npermanent colony. The neighborhood, however, proved\\nbarren, the ships were wrecked, and after two years\\nthe few who survived returned to Mexico. In 1696,\\nDon Andres de Arriola made another attempt with\\nmore success. He constructed a fort at the entrance of\\nthe harbor, and received the title Governor of Pensa-\\ncola, the name being taken from a small native tribe\\ncalled Pensocolos, who dwelt in the vicinity. The\\nname is Choctaw, and means Hairy People. In 1719,\\nit was captured by the French, under M. de Serigny,\\nwho lost and regained it within the year. In 1721, it\\nreverted to Spain, and some attempt was made by that\\npower to lay out a city.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "112\\nA few old Spanish buildings yet stand, but have\\nnothing about them worthy of note. Half a mile north\\nof the bay is the site of Fort St. Michael, a commanding\\neminence, with a fine view of the bay and navy yard*\\nAbout six hundred yards north of St. Michael s, stood\\nPort St. Bernard, known as el sombrero^ from its resem-\\nblance to a hat. Both these edifices are completely de-\\nmolished, and a few stones, potsherds, and pieces of\\niron are all that remain to mark their positions.\\nThe climate of Pensacola is bracing in winter, but\\nnot at all suited to consumptives. All such should\\navoid it, as they almost invariably grow worse. The\\npine lands, twenty or thirty miles north of the city, are\\nmuch more favorable to such patients.\\nA railroad is just finished from Pensacola to Mont-\\ngomery, Ala., which connects this seaport with Louis-\\nville and the northern States east of the Mississippi.\\nDoubtless this will give the old town quite an impetus\\nID growth. A pamphlet setting forth its advantages as\\na seaport and place of residence was published in July\\nof the present year (1869) by A. C. Blount, President\\nof the railroad.\\nMILTOIT\\nIs a pleasant town of about a thousand inhabitants,\\nthirty miles from Pensacola.\\nHotels. Eagle and City Hotel, $2.25 a day in each.\\nA daily steamboat line connects the two towns (fare\\n$2) and a tri-weekly line of hacks runs from Milton to\\nPoland, Ala., on the Montgomery Mobile R. R.,\\nthirty-three miles fare S5.\\nAfter leaving Pensacola, the next stopping place of\\nthe steamer is", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "113\\nMOBILE.\\nHotels. Tlie Battle House, corner Koyal and St.\\nFrancis streets, $4.00 per day, aa old established and well\\nknown house *Gult City Hotel, corner Water and\\nConti streets, $3 per day, $17.50 per week, $65 per\\nmonth, new and good; Roper House, corner Eoyal and\\nSt. Michael streets, same price as Gulf City Hotel, ex-\\ncept $50 per month Girard House, 123 Dauphin street^\\n$2.50 per day Goff House, Conti street, not first class.\\nPost Office. In Custom House, opposite the Battle\\nHouse. Telegraph and Express offices near by.\\nBath Rooms. In Battle House, 50 cents in Gulf City\\nHotel, 35 cents, and in a barber shop on St. Francis\\nstreet, opposite the ladies entrance to the Battle\\nHouse, 35 cents.\\nRestaurant. Jenkins on Royal street, opposite the\\nBattle House, is the best.\\nBookseller. Putnam Co., 52 Dauphin street.\\nLivery Stable. Hayden Meenan, 39 Royal street,\\nnear the Roper House carriage and driver, for half a\\nday, $8.00 buggy, for half a day, $5.\\nNewspapers. The Daily Register; the Daily Tribune.\\nPhysician. Dr. T. S. Scales, 128 Dauphin street.\\nOmnibusses meet the boats and cars, and street cars\\nrun on the principal streets fare five cents and ten\\ncents.\\nTheaters.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 hlobWQ Theater, Yariety Theater, both on\\nRoyal street.\\nThe city (population 35,000) is situated about thirty\\nmiles from the Gulf of Mexico, on the west side of Mo-\\nbile Bay. The bay is shallow and the channel tortu-", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114\\nous. The rivals of the city say that the entrance\\nis filling up, and will, before many sjenerations, become\\nlittle more than a marsh. The site of the town is on a\\nsandy plain, elevated about fifteen feet above high tide,\\nand is, consequently, well drained. The houses extend\\nalong the bay nearly three miles.\\nThe city was founded by the French at the com-\\nmencement of the last century, but remained an insig-\\nnificant post until 1819, when it was incorporated.\\nSince then it has grown with rapidity, and is now one of\\nthe most active cotton ports in the IJnited States. Many\\nof the buildings are handsome, and though the city suf-\\nfered considerably during the war, it is rapidly regain-\\ning its former wealth. An excellent Directory has been\\npublished by the Southern Publishing Co.\\nThe Custom House is the finest public edifice. It i^\\nconstructed of marble.\\nThere is a public square in a central locality, and the\\nabundance of hedges of the Cherokee Rose, a flowering\\nevergreen, gives the streets a pleasant appearance.", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "PART III.\\nCHAPTERS TO INVALIDS.\\nCHAP. 1.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 WHEN IS A CHANGE OF CLIMATE\\nADVISABLE\\nIn these days when the slow coach of our fathers has\\nlong been discarded, and steam and lightning are our\\ndraught horses, the advantages to health of a change\\nof climate should be considered by every one. It is an\\neasy, a pleasant, and a sure remedy in many a painful\\ndisorder. Need I fortify such an assertion by the dicta\\nof high authorities One is enough. It would be\\ndifficult, says Sir James Clark, M.D., whose name is\\nfamiliar to every physician in connection with this very\\nquestion, to point out the chronic complaint, or even\\nthe disordered state of health which is not benefitted\\nby a timely and judicious change of climate.\\nLet me run over this catalogue of maladies and\\nspecify some in which fresh fields and pastures new\\nare of especial value. All anticipate the first I men-\\ntion pulmonary consumption,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that dreaded scourge\\nwhich year by year destroys more than did the cholera\\nin its most fatal epidemics. Even those who lay no\\nclaim to medical knovrledge are well aware how often\\nthe consumptive prolongs and saves his life by a timely\\nchange of air they are not aware\u00e2\u0080\u0094 few doctors with", "height": "2785", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "116\\ntheir diplomas are aware how much oftener tliis fortu-\\nnate result would be obtained were the change made\\nwith judgment, and the invalid to lend his own energies\\nin this battle for life which his constitution is waging\\nagainst disease. How to make this change with judg-\\nment, and how to employ these energies, these chapters\\nare intended to inform him.\\nThe watchword of the battle is Courage. It is, in-\\ndeed, not rare to see those who should have been left\\nat home to die surrounded by home comforts, exiled by\\ntheir wearied physician, or dragged by the ignorant so-\\nlicitude of friends, late in their disease, to some strange\\nJand, there to meet their inevitable fate, deprived of\\nthe little luxuries so useful to them, served by unsym-\\npathizing strangers, far from the old, familiar faces\\nThere are others who go early enough, and are earnest\\nin their efforts to husband their flagging powers. But\\nthey have chosen a climate ill-adapted to the form of\\ntheir complaint, they know not the precautions they\\nshould take, they have omitted provisions of essential\\nvalue, in fine, they die of medicable wounds.\\nThese examples should not discourage others. The\\nmedical science of to-day gives its strongest endorse-\\nment to this maxim Consumption is cureahle, IF TAKEN\\nIN ITS EARLY STAGES. And in its cure, change of cli-\\nmate is an essential element. Nor does science hesi-\\ntate to go farther. Even when the lungs are decidedly\\naffected, even when the practised ear of the physician\\ndetects that ominous gurgling sound in the chest which\\nreveals the presence of a cavity in the lungs, it still\\nsays Rope. VVe know that even then there is a good\\nchance for life in many cases. Often the disease has", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "117\\ninvaded but a very circumscribed portion of lung and all\\nthe remainder is healthy sometimes having gone thus\\nfar it seems to have spent its malignant powers, and\\nrests for years, or disappears altogether often under\\nthe genial influence of appropriate climate and regimen,\\nthe ulcer heals and health is restored.\\nBronchitis is another complaint which calls for change\\nof air. There are persons who contract a cough regu-\\nlarly at the beginning of every winter, which disappears\\nonly with the warm spring days. They hawk, and ex-\\npectorate, and have pains in the breast, and a sore and\\ntickling throat all the cold months. This is bronchitis,\\nchronic bronchitis. Clergymen are very liable to it\\nfrom neglect of precautions in using the voice. It 15\\nquite common among elderly people, and often paves\\nthe way for their final illness. In young persons it por-\\ntends consumption. Nothing so effectually dispels it as\\na Avinter in a warm climate. I speak now from my own\\nexperience.\\nThere is a disease not less common, hardly less formi-\\ndable, often more distressing, more repulsive, than con-\\nsumption. It is scrofula that taint in the blood by\\nwhich the sins of the fathers are visited upon the chil-\\ndren unto and beyond the third and fourth generation.\\nIt often throws around its victims the charms of a strange\\nbeauty and a precocious, spiritual^ intelligence. But\\nthe wise physician regards with anxious forbodings\\nthese signs so prized by loving friends. Here, too, a\\ntotal change of air, diet, surroundings, is urgently, often\\nimperatively, demanded.\\nOne of the banes of our raw, damp atmosphere is\\nrheumatism. It is painful, it is common, it is danger-", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "118\\nous. In recent years we have learned that a fatal\\ncomplication is alarmingly frequent in this complaint\\norganic disease of the heart. In examining for life in-\\nsurance, we enquire particularly if the candidate is\\nrheumatic. If the answer is affirmative, three times\\nout of four we detect some unnatural action in this\\ngreat centre of life. ISTow, it is well known how bene-\\nficially a warm, equable climate acts on sufferers with\\nthis malady. Let them, therefore, be warned in time\\nto seek this means of prolonging life.\\nThere is a complaint which makes us a burden to\\nourselves, and too often a nuisance to our companions.\\nIt is not dangerous, but is most trying. I mean dys-\\npepsia, a hydra-headed disease, wearing alike to mind\\nand body. The habits of our countrymen and country-\\nwomen predispose them to it. In our great cities it is\\nexceedingly prevalent. It, too, is always relieved,\\noften completely cured by traveling and often noth-\\ning but this will cure it.\\nThe same may be said of those states of nervous and\\nmental exhaustion, consequent on the harrassing strain\\nof our American life, our over-active, excitable, na-\\ntional temperament. This exhaustion shows itself in\\nthe faltering step, the care-worn expression, the dis-\\nturbed nutrition, in palpitation, in irritability, in cause-\\nless anxiety, and a legion of similar symptoms. Doctors\\ncall it paresis, and say that it is a new disease, a visita-\\ntion of nature upon us for our artificial, unquiet lives.\\nThere is an era in life when no. actual disease is pres-\\nent, when the body visibly yields to the slow and cer-\\ntain advance of age. The mind, too, sympathises, and\\nloses the keenness of its faculties. With most, this is", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "119\\nabout the age of sixty. It has long been noticed how\\nfatal this period is. It is known as the grand climac-\\nteric in works on life. It has also been noticed that\\nit is the winter months especially that are dangerous to\\npersons at this age. The old Romans had this preg-\\nnant expression iuimicior senibus Jiyems,^^ winter,\\nthe foe of the aged. Modern research proves its cor-\\nrectness. An English physician, Dr. Day, calculating\\nfrom nearly 55,000 cases over sixty years of age, dis-\\ncovered the startling fact that the deaths in January-\\nwere within a small fraction twice as many as in July\\nSuch an unexpected statement reminds us of that sig-\\nnificant expression of another distinguished statistician\\nwho had studied closely the relation of mortality and\\ntemperature Waves of heat are waves of life and\\nwaves of cold are waves of death. With these, and a\\nhundred similar warnings before us, we are safe in say-\\ning that in many cases entire relaxation from business\\nand two or three winters in a warm climate about the\\nage of sixty, will add ten years to life.\\nI now approach a delicate topic. A warm climate\\npromises aid where medicines are utterly ineffectual.\\nI mean m marriages not blessed by offspring. Most\\nreaders know how early females are married in the\\ntropics. Mothers of fourteen and sixteen years are\\nnot uncommon. Heat stimulates powerfully the faculty\\nof reproduction. The wires of the French colonists in\\nAlgiers are notably more fertile than when in their\\nZsTorthern homes. So we can with every reason recom-\\nmend to childless couples, without definite cause of\\nsterility, a winter in the south. I have known most\\nhappy effects from it.\\nX", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "120\\nCHAP. II.--WHAT CLIMATE SHALL BE CHOSEN\\nThis is a question of vital importance. An error\\nliere is fatal. Every person, every case of the same dis-\\nease, is not at all suited by the same climate. Many an\\ninvalid who would survive for years, if he passed his\\nwinters in Florida, is sent to die in the cold, dry air of\\nMinnesota some who would find health at St. Paul,\\nchoose to x^erish at St. Augustine; there are some\\nv^hose safety lies in the mountains, others who can find\\nit nowhere but on the sea shore.\\nNeither patients nor physicians fully appreciate the\\nextreme importance of deciding correctly here, and\\nabiding by the decision. The invalid is apt to go where\\nit is most convenient, or most agreeable for him to go.\\nHe goes where he has friends. He goes at his peril.\\nI have in mind the case of a young priest, the only\\nchild of his parents, loved by them as an only child is\\nloved by the warm Irish heart. Before leaving the\\nseminary, unmistakeable signs of consumj^tion showed\\nthemselves. By assiduous care, he passed the winter\\ncomfortably, and as spring approached, his disease was\\nchecked. Every symptom abated. He gained in weight\\nand strength. The cough nearly disappeared; the\\nnight sweats left him his appetite returned. When\\nsummer opened, I said to him Go to the mountains.\\nComplete restoration awaits you there. Avoid the sea\\nshore. It is death to you. I heard nothing more from\\nhim for two months. Then I was summoned in haste-\\nI found him with an irritative fever, with daily chills,\\nwith a distressing cough. He had been to the mountains\\nfor several weeks, and had improved so rapidly that he\\nthought himself well, and concluded to join some", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "121\\nfriends on the Atlantic shore. He did so, and the re-\\nsult was before me. I then had the most painful duty\\nof a physician s life to perform, that of informing a\\nmother that her only child is beyond human aid.\\nAnd here I must say, with all deference to the\\nfaculty, that the ignorance and carelessness of physi-\\ncians in reference to this matter of climate are at most\\nreprehensible. Tew of them make any distinction in\\ncases. They send all consumptives to Minnesota, or to\\nTexas, or to Florida, or to Cuba, as if in every instance\\nwhat is sauce for goose is also sauce for gander. Thus\\nit happens that the most eligible climates gain a bad\\nreputation. They suit many, perhaps most, but they\\ndo not suit all. G-o to Kice, Kaples, the Isle of Pines,\\nyou will find invalids who unquestionably, were they\\nathome, would be in a better place. This is chiefly\\nthe fault of their physicians. When a doctor recom-\\nmends a climate, and yet is unable to tell you its tem-\\nperature, its moisture, its prevailing winds, its seasons,\\nits local diseases, its articles of food, its water, its min-\\neral springs, its accommodations for travellers\u00e2\u0080\u0094 beware\\nof him. He is a dangerous counsellor. These facta\\nthe physician must know to advise wisely.\\nThere are others which he must learn from the inva-\\nlid himself. Constitutions are differently affected by\\nclimate, and so are cases of the same disease. Some\\nclimates are sedative and relaxing, others tonic and\\nbracing some are moist and soothing, others dry and\\nsteeling. Some constitutions are nervous and irritable,\\nothers torpid and sluggish some have plenty of latent\\nforce which needs use, in others the vital powers are\\nnaturally weak, and must be carefully husbanded. In", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "122\\nsome cases, the symptoms are of an inflammatory, m\\nothers of an atonic character in some, the secretions\\nare scanty, in others profuse in some, considerations\\nof diet are of great importance, in others they do not\\nenter; in some, the cough is importunate, in others,\\nhardly annoying and a hundred other differences might\\nbe added. The question is a complicated one. It asks\\nfor its solution the utmost care of the physician. It\\nalmost demands the trained skill of the specialist.\\nI repeat, therefore, that no climate ^^ean be recom-\\nmended indiscriminately to all that the climate must\\nbe selected by an intelligent physician who has\\ncarefully studied the case that the locality which brings\\nlife to one, brings death to another and, therefore, that\\nhaving decided on a change of climate, it is of vital im-\\nportance to select the right one.^\\nThe decision between a warm and a cold climate\\nmust be made somehow thus If you have usually\\nborne cold well, if you have not been subject to cold\\nfeet and hands, and disagreeable chilliness if you are\\naccustomed to out- door exercise in winter if you are\\nnot subject to catarrhs, pneumonia, pleurisy, coughs,\\nirritation of the pharynx if you are not plethoric if\\nyou are free from rheumatic, neuralgic or gouty pains\\nwhich become worse as winter approaches if your throat\\nis anaemic rather than congestive, and your liver torpid\\nif your health is not already too much reduced to stand\\nthe icy winds of the north if you prefer winter to sum-\\nmer, and the cold to the hot months if heat oppresses\\nyou and enervates you then if you want to change your\\nclimate, go to Minnesota, to Labrador, or the Canadian\\nhighlands. But no, this is not all. Have you a fancy", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "123\\nfor any particular spot among those famous for salu-\\nbrity Is there a pastime or pursuit to which you are\\naddicted? Do you love to boat, fish, hunt, ride, camp\\nout, botanize, photograph? Indulge your taste. Such\\nconsiderations have quite as much weight as many a\\nmedical reason. Then there is the question of money.\\nIf you carry the cares of business with you if you have\\nto pinch and spare on your journey; if you are worried\\nabout your expenses, the trip will do you little good.\\nI have tried to give accurate accounts of the cost of\\nliving in the South, so that a traveler may know what\\nto expect there.\\nAll these matters have to be weighed, and from them\\na conclusion reached as to what climate is best. It is a\\ncomplicated question, and it is not enough that the doc-\\ntor make his diagnosis and then oracularly pronounces\\nthe name of some locality as that best suited for your\\ndisease. It is easy for him, but it may turn out hard\\nfor you.\\nCHAP. Ill\u00e2\u0080\u0094 T^HERE IS THE BEST SOUTHERN\\n^WINTER CLIMATE?\\nIn studying this question of climate, more particu-\\nularly with reference to those who suffer from diseases\\nof the throat and lungs, I have taken some pains to\\nsatisfy myself whereabout in the South those of them\\nwhom a Southern climate suits will find the most eligi-\\nble climatic conditions in winter. I shall give the re-\\nsult of my studies, though for reasons which will soon\\nappear, it is of no great use just now. I build for th e\\nfuture.\\nThe model climate for such invalids must satisfy four", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "124\\nconditions. It must have an equable temperature,\\nmoderate moisture, moderate and regular winds, and\\nfreedom from local disease.\\nFirst about temperature. Here the mere amount of\\nheat or cold is not so much to be looked at, as what me-\\nteorologists call the range. The thermometer should\\nshow no great difference in the day and the night, or be-\\ntween one day and another. Sudden changes should\\nPiOt appear on the record. Warmth is desirable because\\nit leads to a life in the open air, prevents chilly and close\\nrooms, and soothes the irritable air passages. Heat\\nabove seventy-five degrees Fahrenheit is objectionable,\\nIbecause it is debilitating, and hinders exercise.\\nIn the United States, Key West has the warmest cli-\\nmate and the least range. Its mean annual tempera-\\nture is 76^.5 its range 52 Fahrenheit. This is rather\\ntoo hot. Xor is it free from some other objections.\\nThe island is small, larren, and uninteresting; there\\nare no rides and drives, and violent winds from the\\nnorth and northeast occur more or less every winter.\\nMany have lauded the climate of Texas. It is true\\nthat the hottest portions of that State have a mean an-\\nnual temperalure of 73^. But then the winters there\\nare as cold as in Southern Georgia, and the range is no-\\nwhere less than 70^^, and generally 80\u00c2\u00ae to 90 Then\\nthere are the nortliers, chilling winds from the north,\\nwhich reduce the temperature 10^ to 20*^ in a few hours.\\nIn fine, the climate is much less equable than on the\\nsouth Atlantic coast. The winter temperature of most\\nof Texas is as low as that of South Carolina.\\nThis is too low. The mean temperature of Charles-\\nton, S. C, is GC, the range nearly 95^. At Savannah", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "125\\nthe temperature of the year is 65^ the range about 90^.\\nThe summers at these points are hot, the wintei months\\noften cold, damp, and raw. It is precisely these months\\nand these only, which interest us just now. To present\\nthe matter more fully I extract the following table from\\nthe Medical statistics of the U. S. Army. It is based\\non careful observations extending over many j^ears,\\nand shows the temperature of each of the winter months\\nin a number of places in the South\\nLocality.\\nAiken, S. C.,...\\nCharleston,\\nSavannah,\\nTallahassee,\\nMobile,\\nPensacola,, J\\nSt. Augustine,\\nNew Smyrna,\\nCedar Keys,\\nTampa Bay,\\nOcala,\\nMiami River,\\nKey West,\\nCorpus Christi,\\nCorpus Christi is the hottest place in Texas yet its\\nwinters are colder than on the eastern coast of Florida^\\nand its annual range is 70 degrees. The highest winter\\ntemperature observed anywhere on the mainland of the\\nUnited States was at Fort Dallas on the Miami river,\\nand at Kew Smyrna, some miles north of it, both on the\\neast coast of Florida. Furthermore, their range is less\\nthan anywhere else. During four years that the army\\nofliceis watched the thermometer at Fort Dallas, the", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126\\nhighest point reached by the mercury was 95 degrees;\\nthe lowest 35 degrees a range, therefore, of 60 degrees\\nin four years.\\nI conclude therefore that the most equable climate\\nof the United States is on the south-eastern coast of\\nFlorida.\\nI shall dismiss the second condition in a few words.\\nMoist warmth is soothing; dryness is irritating every\\none who has worn a poultice knows this. A moist, warm\\nair, moderately charged with vapor, or even approach-\\ning a saturated condition, is therefore, as a rule, most\\nagreeable to the air passages, and the general comfort.\\nIn winter, all along our southern seaboard the air is\\nmoist it is sufficiently warm and moist both, nowhere\\nbut in southeastern Florida, as the table of winter tem-\\nperatures shows us.\\nA moist atmosphere is not always a rainy one. A\\nrainy climate, no matter what other conditions it may\\nhave, is a detestable one. Southern Florida has a hot\\nand rainy season from May to September. Everything\\nmoulds, and drips, and steams. The rainfall averasjes\\nevery year from forty-iive to sixty inches. But nearly\\nall of it falls in the summer months. In December,\\nJanuary and February, two, two and a half, and three\\ninches a month are an ordinary average. This means\\nthat the weather is much more generally fair than foul.\\nThe third condition is the prevalence of moderate\\nand regular winds. I have already hinted about the\\nTexan northers. Similar windstorms occur throughout\\nthe Gulf States. I have felt them disagreeably at Key\\nWest, though there the tepid waters of the Gulf of\\nMexico temper their blasts. Sometimes they blow", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "127\\n\\\\iolently for thirty-six or forty-eight hours. On the\\nsoutheastern coast of Florida they are both warmed by\\nthe Gulf, and lessened in violence by the woods of the\\npeninsula. The winds there are in winter usually north,\\nnortheast, and northwest. In summer a breeze from\\nthe sea sets in about ten A. M., which often reduces the\\ntemperature about six degrees in ten minutes, vrithout\\ncausing other than a pleasant sensation. At night a\\nland breeze blows off the land.\\nThe occasional cold winds in winter are an objection\\nfrom which no part of our southern country is wholly\\nfree. Moderate winds are essential to the purity of the\\natmosphere, and these generally prevail along the Grulf.\\nThe fourth condition of climate is a vital one. I have\\nwitnessed the results of months of care destroyed by a\\nsingle attack of intermittent fever. I have already\\nstated that miasmatic fevers are extremely common in\\nthe interior of Florida during the summer and early au-\\ntumn, but they do not occur on the sea coast during the\\nlate autumn and winter.\\nThis is especially true of southeastern Florida. Por-\\ntions of our army were stationed there during all sea-\\nsons, for a number of years, and the testimony of the\\narmy surgeons is unanimous and most favorable. And\\nlet me here remind the reader that the surgeons of the\\nU-nited States Army are thoroughly educated physi-\\ncians, of unequaled experience in all the variety of cli-\\nmate which our country presents, and who, having no\\nquarter sections to sell, or other axe to grind, give their\\nevidence with the utmost impartiality. Here is one\\nquotation from a report to the Surgeon General, dated\\nat Fort Pierce, on Indian river This post has a cli-", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128\\nmate, in every respect, perhaps, unsurpassed by any in\\nthe world. And these are the words of Dr. E. F.\\nSimpson, U. S. A., writing about Fort Dallas, on the\\nMiami, the very spot I have been maintaining ap-\\nproaches nearest the model climate for consumptives\\nI have been on duty at most of the posts in Florida^\\nbut none compare with this for salubrity.\\nThe sea coast of south-east Florida, therefore, fulfils\\nthe four conditions which make up the best climate for\\na consumptive. I have other testimony about it well\\nworth presenting. It, too, comes from the same unin:-\\npeachable source, the medical statistics of the United\\nStates Army. I preface it by a fact of general interest\\nabout the whole of Florida. All know how terribly\\narduous must be campaigning through the swamps and\\neverglades of that State. Yet the yearly mortality\\nfrom disease of the regular army there, was only twen-\\nty-six per thousand men. The average of the army\\nelsewhere was thirty-five per thousand, while in Texas\\nit rose to forty, and on the lower Mississippi to forty-\\nfour per thousand.\\nBut the character of disease interests us most just\\nnow. We are inquiring particularly about throat and\\nlung complaints. These army statistics are here of im.\\nmense value. They specify the diseases of each station.\\nI have taken these four Consumption (phthisis pul-\\nmonalis), bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs (pneu-\\nmonia), and pleurisy; and have ascertained their rela-\\ntive frequency at various points in the South. Here are\\nthe results (omitting fractions) In Arkanzas, each\\nyear, one man in every sixteen came under the sur-\\ngeon s hands, with one or other of these diseases; on.", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "129\\nthe southern frontier of Texas, also one in sixteen at\\nBaton Rouge, La., one in seventeen; on the western\\nfrontier of Texas, one in nmeteen on the west coast\\nof Florida, one in twenty-one on the east coast of\\nFlorida, one in thirty-nine\\nThis is confirmation strong indeed. Even in the fa-\\nvored northwest, we may look in vain for anything\\nequal to it. The sick reports of St. Paul, Minn., show\\none in every nineteen, yearly treated for these com-\\nplaints.\\nYet all this avails nothing, so long as there are no\\naccommodations for invalids, in this favored region\\nnone of the conveniences of civilized life, few inhabi-\\ntants of any kind, hardly any means of getting there.\\nThere are bluffs forty feet high and more, on Indian\\nriver, beautiful localities along Key Biscayne Bay, in a\\nglorious climate, healthy beyond any in our country,\\nvery easy of access from Key West, near the best hunt-\\ning grounds of Florida, where an abundance of the most\\ndelicious tropical fruits could be raised, where fish, sea\\nturtles and oysters abound all that is needed is a weekly\\nsteamer from Key West, and a few plain, well kept,\\nmoderate priced hotels, to make it the most eligible\\nspot in .the South for the invalid or the tourist.\\nIt has other attractions. I have been told that it is\\nthe only part of Florida where the pine apple will grow\\nin the open air. Certainly guavas, pomegrantes, dates,\\nalligator pears, (that fruit which it is worth a voyage\\nto the tropics to taste,) sugar apples and most of the\\nother appetizing luxuries of the torrid zone would\\nflourish.\\nThe climate in winter is serene, from two-and-a-half", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "130\\nto three inches of rain falling per month. The mean\\ndaily marking of the thermometer from jSTovember\\nto April is 72\u00c2\u00b0, of the hygrometer 68*^. Here is another\\nhint. The arrow root {maranta arundinacea) grows along\\nKey Biscayne in great abundance. It furnishes the very\\nfinest form of starch known, a most admirable arti-\\ncle of diet for the sick, and a most profitable one\\nto the cultivator. Its wholesale price in our markets is\\nfrom fifty to seventy-five cents per pound there is al-\\nways a demand for it, and tens of thousands of pounds\\na year could be readily gathered.\\nI have already detailed at some length the position,\\nsoil, etc., of Key Biscayne Bay (ante p. 102). But, as al-\\nready said, I build for the future, and not the present.\\nIt has the best warm climate in the United States for\\ninvalids, and it deserves to become a much frequented\\nspot.\\nCHAP. IV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SOME HIISTTS TO HEALTH SEEKEKS.\\nIn the introductory remarks I have thrown out a num-\\nber of suggestions which every traveler in the South\\nwill do well to heed. I am now going to servir unplat\\nde moil metier to ofier some admonitions to invalids dis-\\ntinctivel}^ and especially those suff ering or threatened\\nwith pulmonary and bronchial affections. How often\\ndoes one see invalids abroad deluding themselves with\\nthe idea that the climate alone will cure them Yain\\nhope. Better remain at home and die, if need be, than\\nundertake long and fatiguing journeys with any such\\nexpectation. The result in either case is the same.\\nThere are certain rules of personal h3-giene and diet\\nwhich are half the battle, which might win it at home,", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "131\\n,.lnch will almost surely win it if the nght change of\\nd mate is made iu time. They are not applieable to\\na 1 hut they must form the basis of every regm^en^\\nAd here, once more, I repeat the watchword Co\u00c2\u00bb-\\nIf improvement is not manifest at once do not\\nbecome dlheavtened. Often it Is months, often it is\\n:r nil after thereturnhomethatthehopedfo\u00c2\u00ab^^\\nfor the better is obvious. The interim is at best wean-\\nom* Make it as cheerful as possible. Valetudinarian\\nhould not travel alone, ^hej fall easy victinis to Gian^\\nDesnair wlio is still as ready as ever to pomice on\\nuXy travelers, especially on wet days, a one in\\nnn^.r^ivv ^aveiDS witli iiothing to think of l3ut tnem\\n:resinaTe?r own aches and pains Go in company\\nand always have a resource for spare hours.\\n1 source is better than to collect something.\\nThere are bu vs, and buttertlies, and mosses, and fossils,\\nand flowers, and Indian curiosities, and species of woods\\nandS e-s, and skins, and minerals, the pursuit of\\newLr one of which will give healthful exercise m air\\nweather and their arrangement interesting occupation\\n/^mllmit pleased, for the invalid s sake, to ^ay\\nthat as for treasures of t, Flor da has none^^ Tlie^^e\\nare no interminable picture ganenes,oi cold, damp\\nchurches, orbelvideres, or other -*-*f ^f ^u,\\nto visit, the frequency of which ^^^X,\\n1 V +r^ iViP ^poker after health. On ine oiuei\\nthLtod^of which lias ever something soothmg and\\nrejuvenating.", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132\\nExercise in the open air every day should be taken\\nreligiously and regularly. The kind of exercise must de-\\npend on circumstances. Rowing develops the chest and\\narms; walking, the lower limbs riding is an excellent\\nstimulant of the liver and lungs. When possible, they\\nshould be alternated. An hour each morning and after-\\nnoon should be consecrated to this purpose. A cheer-\\nful companion is an admirable adjunct in any of them.\\nThere is another exercise of the greatest value. Ko\\nperson with a v^eak chest should neglect to practice\\nevery morning and evening, for ten or fifteen minutes\\nat a time, deep inspirations. It is done thus Stand or\\nsit erect, throw the chest well forward, the arms back?\\nthen open the mouth and inhale slowly to the full capa\\ncity of the lungs. Retain the air several secDuds hy an\\nincreased effort^ and then let it gradually escape.\\nBreathe naturally a few times, then repeat the inspira-\\ntion. This simple procedure has a wonderful influence.\\nIt increases the breathing power of the lungs, it expands\\nthe walls of the chest, in the opinion of some learned\\nphysicians. Professor Piorry of Paris for example, it is\\nactually curative where tuberculous deposit has already\\ntaken place. But whenever else exercise is taken, it is\\nbest not to be before breakfast. Another salutary habit\\nis to bathe the whole bodj every morning with salt and\\nwater of the temperature of the room. There is no real\\ndifficulty in this, even when traveling. A sponge or a\\nwash towel, and a coarse dry towel for the skin, are all\\nthat is required. A plunge bath is as good, but not so\\nconvenient. When neither can be taken, the whole\\nperson should receive a thorough dry-rubbing. But the\\nsalt water bath is most usefal to the invalid.", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "133\\nIt would give me great j)leasure to discuss at length\\nthe subject of food. But in fact tourists in most parts\\nof the South must make up their minds to such fare as\\nthey can get, not such as they want. For instance, I\\nplace in the first line of the bill of fare for consumptives\\nthe article milk, fresh rich milk, five or six tumblers of\\nit a day, dashed now and then, if you please, with a\\ntrifle of good old cognac or Jamaica spirits. Xow milk\\nis precisely the scarcest article at a Florida hotel in\\nwinter.\\nI lived once for a month on a plantation in the ex-\\ntreme south of the peninsula. The proprietor had two\\nhundred head of cattle many of the cows with calves\\nyet we actually did not have milk enough for our cof-\\nfee.\\nIn the next line of my bill of faj^e I place eggs three\\nor four a day, boiled soft, or taken in the guise of a\\nflip, with pale sherry. These, too, are not always,\\nnor often, to be had for the asking in this country,\\nvrhere nature has done so much for the invalid and\\nman so little. Fat meat comes next, or, in its place,\\nbutter and olive oil may be freely used. Coffee and\\nchocolate are allowable tea barely permissible. To-\\nbacco, even the tasteless, washed, Florida tobacco,\\nabsolutely prohibited in every form. Some pure rye or\\nwheat whisky may be taken, well diluted, three times a\\nday, if it causes no unpleasant sensations, but all excess\\nshould be shunned. And, here, I advise those who\\nwish pure liquors not to depend on hotel bars, restau-\\nrants, or provincial drug stores, but toiorovide them be-\\nfore leaving home.\\nWhatever food is taken, should be taken as nearly as", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "134\\npossible at regular hours, in moderate quantities, and\\nmore frequently than in health. Those who are weak,\\nwill find great comfort in having a cup of broth, a o;lass\\nof milk punch, or some similar food, placed by their\\nbed on retiring, to take during the night. Late sup-\\npers, however, should be avoided.\\nIn choosing a residence, see that it is at a distance\\nfrom stagnant water, not very densely shaded, and not\\nexposed to night fogs. The sleeping room should be on\\nan upper floor, with a southerly or westerly exposure,\\nand with plenty of air, light, and sunshine. The bed\\nshould not be in a draft, nor in a recess, nor against the\\nwall. A spring or hair mattress, (cotton, so much used\\nin the South, is not objectionable), is most healthful,\\nand it is of prime importance to those with weak lungs,\\nnot to sleep under m^ny covers. The windows may be\\nleft open nightly, if the situation is dry.\\nThe question is often asked about exposure to night\\nair. Our distinguished literateur, X. P. Willis, long a\\nsufferer with pulmonary disease, used to maintain that\\nthe atmosphere at night was quite as healthful as by\\nday. The nightfall, when at dusk the temperature\\nrapidly lowers, he found most hurtful. The air at night\\nis, as a rule, colder than during the day, and is often\\nsaturated with moisture. Certainly, therefore, those\\nwho think with Mr. Willis, will do well to protect\\nthemselves by extra clothing. The safest plan is to\\navoid exposure, except on unusually clear, mild, and\\ndry evenings.\\nThe final suggestions I have to make are about medi-\\ncines. I put them last, because they are, in a certain\\nsense, of secondary importance. Many a patient de-", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "135\\nstroys his digestive powers, and deteriorates his blood\\nby pouring down stomach bitters, cough syrups,\\npurging pills, and even the more appropriate pre-\\nscriptions of his physician. Cod-liver oil and iron, with\\nperhaps a little syrup of wild cherry at night to allay the\\ncough, are the only drugs of much avail in consump-\\ntion, and the less one exclusively trusts to these for\\nrecovering, the better.\\nQuinine, prepared in three-grain pills, should be car-\\nried. One pill before breakfast should be taken when-\\never one is exposed to the marsh miasms. I have already\\nsuggested a tincture of the peel of the bitter-swee t\\norange in whiske} for the same purpose.\\nMany persons, in traveling, become constipated.\\nThis is best avoided by diet. The favorite Southern\\nbreakfast dish, corn grits, is an admirable laxative.\\nCorn bread with molasses, fruit early in the day, or a\\nglass of saline mineral water where it can be had, will\\ngenerally be sufficient. If these fail, one of the ordi-\\nnary compound cathartic pills can be taken before\\nsleep, or one of the following before a meal\\nR. Pulverized rhubarb, 36 grains.\\nSoap, q. s. Make 12 pills.\\nA bottle of mild solution of ammonia is useful for\\napplication to musquito bites and the stings of insects.\\nRestlessness at night in strange beds and new sur-\\nroundings, is quite common. A bath before retiring,\\nor a glass of liot (not warm) water will quiet this ner-\\nvous excitement. Granules of morphia, i of a grain\\neach, should be carried, but used very sparingly, and\\nonly to relieve pain.\\nThe first effect of a warm climate on many constitu-", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "136\\ntions, is to bring on a bilious attack. Headache,\\nsick stomach, slight fever and diarrhoea for a few days\\nare the unpleasant symptoms of this first brush of accli-\\nmation. It can best be avoided by a sparing diet, by\\navoiding fatigue, the rays of the sun, and indulgence in\\nfruit. The treatment is perfect rest, some citrate of\\nmagnesia or other cooling laxative, and low diet.\\nThose who go by sea save themselves many annoy-\\nances, but in return run the risk of sea-sickness. To\\navoid this, they should go aboard after a moderate\\nmeal, keep on deck whenever the sea is smooth, remain\\nin their births when it is rough, take a little brandy, or?\\nwhat is better, a glass of champagne, when the nausea\\n\u00e2\u0082\u00acomes on, and wear a silk handkerchief or broad girdle\\ntied tightly around the stomach.\\nB} the careful observance of such rules as I have here\\nlaid down, and such others as everj ^one s good sense will\\nsuggest without prompting, those in failing health can\\nanticipate the best results from a winter in the South.\\nThe fears which some entertain from the unpleasant\\nfeeling toward Northerners, supposed to exist, are en-\\ntirely groundless. I have the best reason to know that\\nthere need not be the slightest anxiety on this score.\\nSo, also, about the alleged dangers of travel over\\nSouthern railroads and in Southern, steam.boats. In\\npoint of fact more people are injured on the railroads\\nof New York than of Florida. Moreover it is quite\\nsure, as Thoreau quaintly says in one of his books,\\nWe sit as many risks as we run, and it is about as\\nsafe now-a-days on a railroad or in a steamboat as at\\none s own fireside. Such fears need not give a moment s\\nuneasiness.\\n1", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "s-\\no\\nA^ *v\\n,4^^ -MK*\\no f\u00c2\u00bb.\\n\u00c2\u00b0o\\n-v/m\\\\^.- SIIIIK^/ .5^^^,\\nI\\nN o\\n*^ap/r?9^^ o", "height": "2735", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "I\\n.^^r\\nA? V. \u00c2\u00bbjv\\nt i\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^^0^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0080\u00a2lOx.\\nif\\n^o\\nHECKMAN\\nBINDERY INC.\\n#1989\\nN. MANCHESTER,\\nINDIANA 46962\\niV\\nC\u00c2\u00ae-\u00c2\u00ae-*\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a05 \u00e2\u0080\u00a2^t.", "height": "2719", "width": "1813", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2911", "width": "1945", "jp2-path": "guidebookofflori01brin_0152.jp2"}}