{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3487", "width": "2149", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "S V\\nvOO.\\ni\\\\\\\\\\n;V-^v\\n1 C;\\nA? ,*i:::J^s\\nU.\\no5\\n0-\\n,^x^\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0i\\n.f\\no 0^\\na^ .0-\\n.x\\n.0 o.\\nO\\n.-^i^:\\no ^_^^\\n0^\\naV", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "THE KED BOOK\\nMICHIGAN\\nCIVIL, MILITARY jb^DNBIO GRAPHICAL HISTORY\\nBY -P d\\nCHARLES LAN%.iI^\\nACTHOR dictionary OF CoK^R^^, BTO.\\no\\nDETROIT:\\nE. B. SMITH COMPANY\\nWASHINGTON\\nPUILP i SOLOMONS.\\n1871.", "height": "3162", "width": "1965", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "jfT^l\\n.V\\nt\\naccording to Act of Congresj^ in year eighteen hnndred and eeventy, by\\nIn the ofiBce of the Libri^an ^nSongrees at Washington.", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "CORRIGENDA\\nA few tyjxi^M-aphical errors have boon di.soovorod siiico this volmiio wont\\nto pross, wliicli tlio reader will please correct as follows:\\n1 age 9. For La llonton read La Hontan.\\n88. Greenley Greenly.\\n91. Robert INIcClellan read MvClcllawl.\\n101. Mahew read Mai/hcw.\\n101). this talile of population substitute that on i)at(o r)()7.\\n41(5. Transfer names of J. J. iV: L. B. Adams to pi-ecodinir ptiii O.\\n43 For Labodee read Labadec\\n47 Zini Pitcher read Zinn.\\n497. G. L. AVIdting read n hlfur;/.\\n515. Mharles M. Cnolev read Thomas.", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe Compiler of this volume \\\\s a native of Michigan, and although long\\nan exile from its borders, he has never lost his affection for the beautiful\\ncountry. He has revisited it a number of times, and in a former publica-\\ntion did what he could to make known its physical attractions and aborigi-\\nnal lore. Wliilst cognizant of the fact that an admirable History of the\\nTerritory was in existence, and that one or two good Gazetteers of the State\\nhad been published, he felt convinced that there was still needed, for the\\nuse of the general public, a more comprehensive volume, and that want he\\nhas now endeavored to supply. His leading object has been to prepare an\\nauthentic book of reference, rather than to make any display as a writer;\\nand while he has been contented to perform the duties of a literary scout,\\nthe success of his present enterprise has been assured by the effective artil-\\nlery of James 11. Lanman and General John Robertson. To the first, who\\nis a relative of the Compiler, he is indebted for the history of the Territory,\\nfrom its earliest settlement down to the organization of the State; and the\\nlatter, who was the able and indefatigable Adjutant-General of Michigan\\n(luring the War for the Union, has contributed a complete account of the\\nimportant part which the State took in subduing the Rebellion. Not only\\nhas he chronicled the action of the Legislature, but he has taken special\\ncare to place upon the record, in compact form, the heroic achievements of\\nthe Officers and Soldiers who have honorably identified their names with\\n(he State of their nativity or adoption.\\nWith regard to the biographical part of this volume, the Compiler alone\\nis responsible. Although most of this information has been obtained from\\noriginal sources, he did not deem it advisable to amplify his records more\\nthan was absolutely necessary. He regrets, however, that a few of his\\nnotices are more brief than they should have been; and, if any persons have\\nbeen omitted altogether, who deserved notice on account of their a-ssociation", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "iv PllEFACE.\\nwitli Michigan, it is because his efforts to obtain the proper data were un-\\nsuccessful. His leading intention has been merely to give the salient points\\nin the lives of the persons who pass under consideration, referring the reader,\\nwho may desire further information, either to the historical narratives in\\nthe present volume, or to the more elaborate biographies hitherto published.\\nIndeed, so far as the numerous officers are concerned, who acquired reputa-\\ntion during the Rebellion, or died the death of heroes, their services were\\nfound to have been so well depicted by General Robertson, that the Com-\\npiler has generally omitted their names altogether in his department of the\\nwork. To the many friends who have kindly assisted him, by their corre-\\nspondence, he would tender his grateful acknowledgements. And, to the\\nPeople of IMichigan, he now dedicates this Historical Record, as an ex-\\npression of his regard for their superior intelligence, persevering enterprise\\nand exalted patriotism.\\nCHARLES LANMAN.\\nGeorgetown, D. C, November, 1870.", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTEXTS.\\nFIRST PART.\\nCIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nGeneral Description of (he Stale. Its .Soil and Scenery; Heavily Timbered Land\\nOak Openings; Burr Oak Plains; Prairies; Rivers; Lakes; Wild -Ani-\\nmals Birds and Fishes\\nFirst Advance of the French Missionaries and Travellers. Breboeuf; Daniel Pijart;\\nRaymbault First Arrival of White Men at Saut de Ste. Marie Father\\nJacques Bressani Chaumonotot Claude Dablon Mesnard Lallemand\\nDreuillette; Gareau; Mesnard Advances to Che-goi-ne-gon; Allouez; Mar-\\nquette Indian Council at Saut de Ste. Marie Marquette s Explorations and\\nDeath; La Salle; His Explorations Micfiilimackinac Founded Death of\\nLa Salle Saut de Ste. Marie Fort St. Joseph Detroit Founded by Cadil-\\nlac Early Condition Attacked by Ottawas and Foxes; Hennepin; La\\nIlontan Charlevoix Their Operations on Lakes Erie, Huron, Michi-\\ngan, and Superior\\nColonial Pioneers. Merchants The Rangers of the W^oods Th? French Peas-\\nantry The Jesuits French Soldiers French Policy Indian Mythology\\nFrontier Posts, and the Fur Trade at Michilimackinac and Detroit\\nStruggle Between France and England for Possession The Iroquois and Algonquins\\nBritish Troops Advance into Canada Battle of Quebec Death of Wolfe\\nand .Montcalm British Detachment under Rogers takes Possession of\\nMichigan; Rogers traverses Lake Erie Pontiac makes his First Appear-\\nance; Bellestre Surrender of Detroit\\nCondition of (he Country under the English. Pontiac forms a Confederacy to attack\\nthe English Posts; War breaks out; Siege of Detroit; Battle of Bloody\\nBridge; Indians assemble around Michilimackinac; Minavavana; Alex-\\nander Henry; W awatam Michilimackinac destroyed; General Brad-\\nstreet arrives Peace concluded; Death of Pontiac\\nThe Fur Trade and American Independence. Hudson s Bay Company; English\\nAdministration of the Law; Criminal Trial Quebec Act; Mineral Rock\\noc Lake Superior; North-west Company American Revolution Expedi-\\ntions from Detroit; Indian Council held at Detroit American Indepen-\\ndence established\\nOrganization of the North-western Tcrritori/. Arthur St. Clair appointed Governor\\nEnglish refuse to surrender the Posts: Indian Disaffection Indian Coun-", "height": "3100", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Vi CONTENTS.\\nPAQB\\ncil at Detroit; Message from the Spanish Settlements on the Banks of the\\nMississippi Campaign of General Hnrmar; Campaign of General St.\\nClair; Campaign of General Wayne; Extension of French Settlements;\\nMichigan surrendered to the United States; Condition of the Territory in\\nconnection with the Fur Trade; Currency employed in the Fur Trade 58\\nCondition after the Surrender of the Posts. Michigan erected into a Territory Gen-\\neral Hull appointed Governor; Detroit destroyed by Fire; Administration\\nof the Law Third Indian Confederacy under Tecumseh and the Prophet;\\nLe Marquoit; Land Office established; Walk-in-the-Water Population\\nin 1811 Memorial from Michigan praying Aid from the General Govern-\\nment; Savage Outbreak; Operations on the Wabash; American Fur\\nCompany 64\\nWar beticeen Great Britain and the Vinied States. Defenceless condition of Michi-\\ngan Representations of William Hull Appointed to Coram;ind the West-\\nern Army; Crosses to Sandwich and Addresses the Canadians Policy of\\nPrevost; Surrender of Detroit; Tecumseh; Conduct of Hull; Expedition\\nto the River Raisin; Capture of Chicago Battle of the River Raisin;\\nGeneral Harrison s Campaign Commodore Perry His Victory on Lake\\nErie; General Harrison arrives at Maiden Marches to Detroit Battle of\\nthe Thames Death of Tecumseh His Character Attack on Mackinaw\\nPeace concluded 69\\nTransition from Territory to State. Lewis Cass appointed Governor of the Terri-\\ntory Its (condition at that Time; Public Lands brought into Market;\\nFirst Steamboat on the Lakes University Founded Expedition to Explore\\nthe Lakes; The Clinton Canal; G. B. Porter appointed Governor; Mode\\nof making Surveys; Controversy with Ohio; State Organized 79\\nnistory as a State and Present Condition. Admission of Michigan into the Union\\nas a State; Stevens T. Mason the first elective Governor; Act passed for\\nestablishing University of Michigan Other Events of his Administration\\nOrganization of the Militia; Administration of William Woodbridge and\\nJ. Wright Gordon Branches of University Established Grand Lodge of\\nFree Masons John S. Barry Elected Governor; Administration of Alpheus\\nFelch and William L. Greenly Epaphrodilus Ransom elected Governor;\\nProgress of Agriculture Re-election of Governor Barry Great Rail-\\nroad Conspiracy Case; Commercial Advantages of Michigan Adminis-\\ntration of Robert McClelland and Andrew Parsons Election and Re-elec-\\ntion of Kinsley S. Bingham Ship Canal at the Falls of St. Mary; Moses\\nWisner elected Governor; Election to the same Office of Austin Blair,\\nHenry H. Crapo, and Henry P. Baldwin; and Complete List of Governors\\nnnder French, English, and American Rule 85\\nEducation. University of Michigan Its Professors and Instructors; General\\nFeatures Homeopathic Controversy Action on the Admission of Women\\nas Students: Possessions and Advantages Observatory; Adrian College\\nAlbion College Kalamazoo College Michigan Female College State\\nAgricultural College; Hillsdale College; Public Schools of the State;\\nSlate Normal School State Reform School Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb\\nand Blind; Superiutendents of Public Instruction; Asylum for the In-\\nsane; State Prison Public School Statistics; Union School System, and\\nList of Incorporated Literary Institutions 91", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "CONTEXTS. vii\\nPAGg\\nAgricvKure. Population and Statistics; Government Lands: Value of Crops\\nFruit Culture Counties of the Stale Increase of Population lO. i\\nMineral Wealth. Copper Interest of Lake Superior; Iron Interest of the Same:\\nSalt Sprincrs of Saginaw: Plaster Beds of the Grand River Magnetic\\nWaters of Eaton Rapids; Chronological History of Geological Explora-\\ntions in Michigan 107\\nRailroads. Michigan Central Railroad :uid its Hrancliosj; Michigan Southern\\nRailroad and Branches Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad Flint and Pere\\nMarquette Railroad Amboy, Lansing and Traverse Bay Railroad; Condi-\\ntion of New Railroads 115\\nLumbering Interest. The Pine Forests: The Hard-wood Forests: Amount of\\nLumber Manufactured Climate of the Lumber Region Various Attrac-\\ntions 120\\nThe Fisheries. Their Commercial Value; Variety of Fish Taki u Principal Lo-\\ncalities where the Business is Carried on 124\\nCommerce. The Great Lakes; Their Coast Line and Area The Steamboat and\\nother Shipping P^uropean (Consumers of Grain The Northern Peninsula\\nThe Southern Peninsula; Resources of the State; Ship Canal of St.\\nMary; Indebtedness of the State Banking Institutions 126\\nThe Indians and Antiquities vf the State. The Number of Indians in tho State\\nTheir Annuities and Condition; Ancient Gardens and Mounds; Ancient\\nMining on Lake Superior The Mound Builders Indian Names of Michi-\\ngan 1 130\\nRecent Developments. The Grand Traverse Region The Sand Dunes on Lake\\nMichigan; The Saginaw Valley, Its Lumber, Salt Springs and Gypsum\\nBeds: The Straits of Mackinaw; Mackinaw City; The Cheboygan Re-\\ngion, its Lumbering and Agricultural Interests 133\\nNotes. Order of Odd-Fellows Nativities of Population 140\\nSECOND PART.\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nMilitari/ Department of Michigan from 1861 to 1871 143\\nPrefatory Notes. Love of Michi-ran for the Old Flag; Necessity of an Historical\\nRecord; Origin of the Information i.,.. 144\\nIntroductory. The American Rebellion Unprepared condition of Michigan; Val-\\nedictory Message of Governor Moses Wisner Sentiments of Governor\\nAustin Blair; War Meeting in Detroit; Flag Song of Michigan Troops;\\nOrganization of Troops and provision for Ways and Means Special Session\\nof the Legislature and its Action; Curious Telegram 146\\nRaising of Troops. The First Regiments The Secretary of War to the Governor\\nof Michigan; Camp of Instruction; Progress of Recruiting; Message of\\nGovernor Blair; Action of the Legislature; Re-inforcements Demanded;\\nAction of the Adjutant General; Patriotism of the Churches; Additional", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Viii CONTENTS.\\nPAOB\\nTroops sent to the Front; Particulars of the Draft; Military Census; Ap-\\npeal from Governor Blair; Report from Adjutant General Robertson;\\nGratitude of the Legislature Michigan Cavalry Enrollment of Districts;\\nA new Draft Another Report from the Adjutant General Veteran Troops\\nAnother call for Troops; Proclamation of Governor Blair; Continued\\nOrganization; Troops furnished by Counties; Action of Legislature; Val-\\nedictory Message of Governor Blair; Legislature thank the Retiring Gov-\\nernor; Governor Crapo s Inaugural; Soldiers thanked by Legislature;\\nTotal number of Michigan Troops by Counties Conscription End of the\\nWar Proclamation of thanks from Governor Crapo Governor Baldwin\\ncomes into Office; Nativities of Michigan Volunteers; Analysis of Vol-\\nunteers; Table of Casualties; Table of Dates and Places when and\\nwhere the Troops of the State were mustered in, and mustered out of the\\nPublic service 150\\nFinancial Statistics. Amount of the money expended by State for Enlisting\\nTroops; Amounts paid by Counties; Appropriation by Legislature for\\nSoldier s Home; Disbursements by Colonel George W. Lee 195\\nSanitary Operations. Michigan Soldier s Relief Association Report of James M.\\nEdmunds; Operations of the Association; The Christian and Sanitary\\nCommissions; The Ladies Aid Society of Kalamazoo State Sanitary\\nFair; Appeal from Citizens to the Ladies; Response of the Ladies, and\\ntheir Appeal to the People Success of the Fair; The Christian Commis-\\nsion and Delegates to the Commission 197\\nVolunteer Surgeons. Bright Array of Names 208\\nSoldier s Vote in the Field. Letter of the Executive; Commissions for Army of\\nthe Potomac For Army of the Cumberland For Army of the Tennessee;\\nand for Army of the Gulf; Result of the Vote for Presidential Electors\\nand Governor 210\\nReception of Troops. Committee of Reception Committee of Finance Courte-\\nsies of Railroad and Steamboat Companies 212\\nPresentation of Colors. Adjutant General s Report; Letter of Major John H.\\nKnight Attendance of Soldiers A War Poem Number of Flags Present-\\ned 213\\nThe Harper Hospital. Its Success and final Transfer into a Soldier s Home 217\\nThe Soldier s and Sailor s Monument. Measure Inaugurated Board of Directors\\nOflBcers and Committees, Adoption of Design by Randolph Rogers Plan\\nof Monument Corner Stone laid by the Masonic and Odd Fellow Fraterni-\\nties Oration by Governor Blair 218\\nCemeteries at Gettysburg, Sharpsburg, and Andersonville. Appropriation by Legis-\\nlature Appointment of T. W. Ferry as Commissioner Appointment of\\nJohn I. Bagley as Trustee Andersonville 221\\nRebel Raid from Canada. Adjutant General s Report Action of the Confederate\\nSecretary of the Navy Manifesto of the Confederate President Tele-\\ngrams and Letters from Lieutenant-Colonel B. H. Hill and Commander J.\\nC.Carter; The Steamers Philo Parsons and Michigan 222\\nThe Michigan Contingent. Heroism of Michigan Troops; Various Campaigns;\\nTheir Motto 231", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. ix\\nPAOE\\nRegiment of Engineers and Mechanics. Colonel William P. Innes Engagement at\\nLavergne Opinions of Greeley and Rosecrans; Services in the Atlanta\\nCampaign; Colonel John Yates 233\\nThe Cavalrg Brigade. First Regiment Colonel T. F. Broatihead Colonel Charles\\nH. Town Fifth Cavalry, Colonel J. T. Copeland, Colonel Freeman Nor-\\nvil, Colonel R. A. Alger Sixth Cavalry, Colonel T. W. Kellogg, Colonel\\nGeorge Gray Seventh Cavalry, Colonel W. D. Mann General A. S. Wil-\\nliams Operations of the Michigan Cavalry Brigade Justice granted by\\nCongress Michigan Senators and Representatives; Report on Conduct of\\nMichigan Troops at Gettysburg by General Custer; The Michigan Cavalry\\nin Maryland Report of Colonel C. H. Town Report of General Kilpat-\\nrick Report of Colonel Alger Report of General Custer on Virginia\\nCampaign Raid of General Kilpatrick Another Report by General Cus-\\nter on operations around Richmond Losses during Campaign Additional\\nReports of Colonels Alger and Kidd Report of Colonel Peter Stagg Gen-\\nCuster s Report of Winchester Campaign Services of Staff Officers Cap-\\ntors of Battle Flags; Heroic Deaths; Final Actions of the Brigade 235\\nThe Second Cavilnj.\u00e2\u0080\u0094Co\\\\on(i\\\\ F. W. Kellogg; Colonel Gordon Granger Point\\nPleasant in Missouri; Colonel P. II. Sheridan, Boonville Operations in\\nMississippi, Kentucky, and Tennessee Colonel Archibald Campbell\\nBattle of Chicamauga Further Operations; Colonel Tiiomas Johnson;\\nContinued Engagements 265\\nThe Third Cavalry. Colonel J. K. Mizner: New; Madrid, in Missouri; Battle of\\nluka; Report of Captain L. G. Wilcox; Tribute of General Rosecrans\\nServices in Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi Arkansas Cattle Michi-\\ngan City Escort to General Canby On duty in Texas 270\\nThe Fourth Cavalry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Q,o\\\\ont\\\\ R. H. G. Minty First Battle at Stanford, in Ken-\\ntucky Numerous Engagements in Tennessee and Mississippi Its Fight-\\ning Reputation Major F. W. Mix; Battles of Chicamauga and Missionary\\nRidge; Minty s Report: Lieutenant J. H. Simpson; Major Horace Gray;\\nDeath of Lieutenant Edward Tucker; Death of Lieutenant Randolph;\\nRebel Testimony Death of Lieutenant T. W. Sutton General Kiipatrick s\\nRaid; Operations near Jonesboro Famous Charge Under Minty Private\\nWilliam Bailey s Exploit; Operations Around Atlanta; Corporal C. M.\\nBickford Colonel B. F. Pritchard Attack on Selina and its Capture\\nCapture of Jefferson Davis; Official Notes and Names of Officers and\\nMen at the Capture Distribution of the Reward 273\\nThe Eighth Cavalry. Colonel John Stockton Its Bright Record Lieutenant-\\nColonel G. S. Wormer Capture of General Morgan Major Edgerly Lieu-\\ntenant-Colonel Mix Operations Against the Forces of General Hood 287\\nThe Ninth Cavalry. Colonel James I.David; Pursuit of General Morgan and his\\nFurther Fighting Operations in Tennessee and Kentucky; With General\\nSherman on his March from Atlanta to the Atlantic Morgan s Escape 289\\nThe Tenth Cavalry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonel Thaddeus Foote Colonel L. S. Trowbridge Affair\\nat Watauga River; Death of Captain Weatherwax Service with General\\nStoneman Affair at Abbott s Creek Incident at Strawberry Plains\\nFurther Operations in that Vicinity 292", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "X CONTENTS.\\nPAOS\\nThe Eleventh Cavalry. Colonel S. B. Brown Operations at Saltville and Marion,\\nin Virginia; Captain E. C. Miles; Death of Colonel Mason and Lieuten-\\nant Davis Lieutenant-Colonel Charles E. Smith Subsequent Services\\nin North Carolina 296\\nThe Merrill Horse Cavalry. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Captains James B. Mason, Jabez H. Rogers and\\nAlmon E. Preston; Services in Missouri, Arkansas, and Georgia 298\\nThe Light Artillery. Colonel C. 0. Loomis; The Brave Boy McTntire Report of\\nGeneral Rousseau Guenther s Battery; Death of Lieutenant Van Pelt;\\nCaptain W. S. Bliss Pittsburgh Landing With General Sherman at\\nAtlanta Murder of Lieutenant Bliss Siege of Corinth Captains A. W.\\nDees; George Robinson; L. R. Smith; John C. Schultz; J. W. Church\\nJohn J. Dennis; John S. Andrews; I addockand C. H. Lamphere Oper-\\nations in the South-west Charles J. Thompson Edward J. Hillier Death\\nof Captain S. De Gobyer at Vicksburg; Captains J. J. Daniels, C. H.\\nO Riordan, Charles Dupont, and Charles Heine 299\\nThe Sharp-shooters. Colonel C. V. DeLand Battle of the WildernesB; Civilized\\nIndians; Major Levant C. Rhines Corporal B. F. Young; Death of T.\\nH. Gaffney of Lieutenant G. A. Graveraet Captain G. C. Knight and\\nLieutenant Martin Wager Before Petersburg Operations in Front of\\nPetersburg; Colonel W. A. Nichols; The Fall of Petersburg and Rich-\\nmond Michigan Troops the First to Enter Petersburg; Report of Gen-\\neral 0. B. Wilcox 305\\nThe First Irtfantry. Colonel 0. B. Wilcox Opportune Arrival in Washington\\nColonel John C. Robinson; Colonel IL S. Roberts; Death of Captain 0.\\nC. Comstock Second Battle of Bull Run Report of Chaplain Arthur\\nEdwards; Death of Captains Wendell, Alcolt, Whittlesey and Pomeroy\\nand Lieutenants Arnold, Garrison and Bloodgood Colonel Franklin W.\\nWhittlesey Operations in Maryland and Virginia Death of J. B. Ken-\\nnedy; At Gettysburg; In the Wilderness under Colonel W. A. Throop\\nDeath of Captain James H. Wheaton Major George Lockley Death of\\nCaptain L. C. Randell and Lieutenant W. S. WoodrufiF; Report of Gen-\\neral Wilcox on Operations in Virginia 310\\nThe Second Infantry. Colonel J. B. Richardson; Colonel 0. M. Poe In Penin-\\nsula Campaign; Bull Run Colonel Louis Dillman In Mississippi Cam-\\npaign; Report of Colonel W. Humphrey; Battle of the Wilderness and\\nArmy of the Potomac Order of General R. G. Berry Testimony of Cor-\\nrespondents Rebellion Record Death of Lieutenants Sherman, Fletcher,\\nand Williams; Report of General Wilcox; Colonel Ralph Ely 316\\nThe Third Infantry. Colonel Daniel McConnell In Battles of the Peninsula\\nReport of Colonel A. A Stevens; Colonel B. M. Pierce; Hia Report of\\nOperations Colonel M. B. Houghton In Virginia and at Gettysburg; In\\nthe South-west 323\\nThe Fourth Infantry. Complimented by General McClellan Death of Colonel\\nWoodbury Report of Captain J. F. Randolph Colonel II. H. Jelfords and\\nhis Death Colonel Lombard His Death Death of Captain W. II. Love-\\nland Reorganized and again in the Fi .ld under Colonel J. W. Hall; Gen-\\neral Griffin 326", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. xi\\nPAOB\\nThe Fifth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Co\\\\ox\\\\c\\\\ H. D. Terry; Xuraorous OflScers killed in the Vir-\\nginia Campaign Dea liof Colonul John Gilluly; Colonel E.T.Sherlock;\\nHis Death; Colonel Pulford at Gettysbur. and in Virginia; Numerous\\nCasualties among Officers and Men Testimony of General Berry and Gen-\\neral Kearney Letter (rom Colonel Sherlock 328\\nThe Sixth Jnfan(n/.\u00e2\u0080\u0094]\\\\a Isolation; Colonel F. W. Curtenitis Services at Haiti-\\nmore and New Orleans On Lower Mississippi Captain Charles E. Clark\\nGeneral T. Williams at Baton Rouge Colonel Thomas S. Clark His Re-\\nport Exploit of Private Charles Dustin Complimented by Generals But-\\nler and Banks Transfer to Artillery arm of Service March on Mobile\\nand its Surrender Reports of General Butler and Weitzel Miscellaneous\\nTestimony 333\\nThe Seventh Infantry Colonel Ira R. Grosvenor Heavy Losses at Antietam In-\\ncluding Captains A. H. Zacharias and J. H. Turrill, and Lieutenants J. P.\\nEberhard and John A. Clark Death of Baxter; His Heroism at Freder-\\nicksburg; Pennsylvania Campaign; Death of Colonel A.E.Steele and\\nLieutenant Slafter In Command of Miijor S. W. Curtis Operations in Vir-\\nginia; Sergeant A. Smith s Exploit and Reward; Colonel Lapointe Par-\\nticulars respecting Captain A. II. Zacharias Death of Lieutenant John J.\\nBrown 336\\nThe Eighth Infantry. Colonel W. M. Fenton Called the Wandering Regiment\\nDeath of Adjutant N. M. Pratt and Lieutenant F. M. Badger; Nine Battles\\nin four States James Island Death of Captains S. C. Gould and B. B.\\nChurch; At Bull Run; In Maryland; Mississippi and East Tennessee;\\nSiege of Knoxville Wilderness Death of Colonel F. Graves Colonel R.\\nEly Cold Harbor Death of Lieutenant E. A. Nye, Major W. E. Lewis,\\nand Lieutenant T. Campbell Weldon Road Death of Major Belcher at\\nSouth Mountain Major R. N. Doyle at Petersburg Report of Colonel W.\\nM. Fenton of Operations at Wilmington Island Report of General Ste-\\nvens Tribute to Major Belcher by General J. D. Cox 340\\nThe Ninth Infantry \u00e2\u0080\u0094Colonel W. W. Duffield Defence of Murfreesboro Death\\nof Lieutenant A. Chase Battle of Stone River Colonel W. Wilkinson\\nOperations in Georgia Death of Lieutenant 0. F. Fox 345\\nThe Tenth Infantry. Colonel C. M. Lum Services in Georgia; Buzzard s Roost;\\nJonesboro Bentonville 347\\n77ie Eleventh Infantry. Colonel William L. Stoughton His Report of Stone\\nRiver; Colonel Melvin Mudge; Chicamauga; Death of Captain C. W.\\nNewbern Mission Ridge; Death of Major B. G. Bennett; Loss of a Leg\\nby Colonel Stoughton Death of Lieutenant E. Catlin 350\\nThe Twelfth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonel W. H. Graves His Report of Operations at Mid-\\ndleburg; Complimented by General Grant Services in Arkansas 352\\nI he Thirteenth Infantry. Colonel Charles E. Stuart; Colonel Michael Shoemaker\\nOperations in Tennessee Report of Colonel J. B. Culver Death of Cap-\\ntain C. C. Webb Report of Colonel Shoemaker Report of Colonel Ilar-\\nker; Services in Georgia; Exploit of Julius Lillie, Orderly Sergeant 354\\nThe Fourteenth Infantry Colonel Robert P. Sinclair In Alabama and (Jeorgia\\nJonesboro Bentonville Colonel II. R. Mizner Colonel G. W. Drummond\\nMarch to Savunuah Capture of Flags 357", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "xii CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nThe Fifteenth Infanirj/.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonel J. M. Oliver At Sliiloh Death of Captain G. A.\\nStrong and Lieutenant M. W. Dresser; Corintli In Mississippi Alabama;\\nIn Georgia Campaign Colonel F. S. Hutchinson Numerous Engage-\\nments and extensive Marching Death of Captain C. H. Barnaby at\\nAtlanta 360\\nThe Sixteenth Inf,i?itri/.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonel T. B. W. Stockton Gaines Mill Miijor N. E.\\nWelch Death of Captain T. C. Carr and Lieutenants B. McGraw and R.\\nWilliams Captain R. W. Ransom Death of Lieutenants M. Chitlick and\\nJ. Ruby at Malvern Hill; Colonel N. E. Welch at Middleburg; Death of\\nCaptain J. M. Mott and Lieutenants Brown, Jewett, and Borden at Gettys-\\nburg, and R. T. Elliott at (he Wilderness Captains G. H. Swan and Guy\\nFuller; Major B, F. Partridge Death of Colonel Welch Incidents 362\\nThe Seventeenth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Geneva! James E. Pittman Colonel W. 11. Withington\\nSouth Mountain Death of Lieutenant George Galligan Report of Colonel\\nF. W. Swift; Colonel C. Luce in Mississippi; Death of L. L. Comstofk\\nArmy of the Potomac; Death of Captain J. S. Vreeland and Lieutenant\\nA. E. Canfield Reports of General Wilcox and General McClellan 365\\nThe Eighteenth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Organized by Hon. Henry Waldron Colonel Charles C.\\nDooliitle In Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama Colonel Hulbard Cap-\\ntain Moore Exploit 369\\nThe Nineteenth Infantry. Colonel Henry C. Gilbert; In Department of the Cum-\\nberland; A Surrender; Tribute from a Confederate Officer to Colonel\\nGilbert; In Atlanta Campaign Death of Colonel Gilbert and Captain C.\\nH. Calmer; Major E. A. Griffin His Death, and that of Lieutenant Charles\\nMandeville, and Captains C. W. Bigelow and John J. Baker; Atlanta to\\nthe Sea; Report of Colonel David Anderson; Death of Captain L. Gibbon\\nand Lieutenant C. G. Purcell Note respecting Lieutenant Baldwin 372\\nThe Twentieth Infantry. Tidus Livermore, Commandant; Colonel A.W.Wil-\\nliams Services in Kentucky Colonel W. H. Smith Interview with Gen-\\neral Morgan Death of Lieutenant W. M. Green Commended by General\\nBurnside In Tennessee Death of Colonel Smith Major Byron M.\\nCutcheon; At the Wilderness; Major George C. Ba nes Casualties at\\nSpottsylvania; Alexander Bush and Frank Philips; Colonel C. B. Grant;\\nCasualties in Peninsula Campaign 374\\nThe Twenty-first Infantry. J. B. Welch, Camp Commandant Colonel Ambrose A.\\nStevens in Kentucky Colonel W. B. McCreery at Stone River Report of\\nGeneral Sheridan; Death of Colonel McCreery; Colonel L. K. Bishop in\\nGeorgia and South Carolina; Captain A. C. Prince 379\\nThe Twenty-second Infantry. Hon. and Colonel Moses Wisner Colonel Heber Le\\nFavour at Chicamauga; Brave Sergeant and Corporals; Death of Cap-\\ntains W. A. Smith and E. Snell In Note; Story of Johnny Clem 382\\nThe Twenty-third Infantry. Colonels David Jerome and M. W. Chapin In Ken-\\ntucky and Tennessee; Colonel 0. S. Spaulding; Hard fought Battles;\\nMajor W. W. Wheeler; At Campbell s Station Spaulding s Report; Death\\nof Lieutenant W. C. Stewart at Resaca; Death of Captain David M. Ave-\\nrill at Franklin Service in North Carolina 384\\nThe Twenty-Fourth Infantry. The Iron Brigade Colonel Henry A. Morrow\\nBattle of Gettysburg Heroism of Privates William Kelly and Silburue", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. xiii\\nPAGE\\nSpaulding; Captain Albert M. Edwards Nine Standard Bearers killed or\\nWounded; Report of Colonel Morrow complimenting Heroic Officers;\\nSpeed, O Donnell, Wallace, Safford, Grace, Humphreville Dickey, and\\nSbnttuck; On the Rappahannock; In the Wilderness; Death of Captain\\nGeorge Hutton and Lieutenant William B. Hutchinson Colonel Morrow\\nWounded; Death of Seville Chilson Siege of Petersburg; In Note;\\nPatrick Maloney 388\\nThe Twenty-Fifth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Won. II. G. Wells Coinniiuulant of Camp Colonel\\n0. H. Moore; In Kentucky; Battle with General Morgan Touching inter-\\nview between Union and Confederate Officers; General Ilartsuff; Legis-\\nlature of Kentucky; The Rebel General Morgan on Colonel Moore s Gen-\\neralship; Various 0[)erations in Georgia; Colonel Benjamin F. Orcult\\nDeath of Adjutant E. M. Brutzman With the Army of General Sherman, 392\\nThe Twenty-Sixth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Skirmish Regiment; Colonel Judson S. Farrar\\nDeath of Captain John C. Culver; In the Army of the Potomac; Major L.\\nSaviers A Tree cut down by Bullets at Spottsylvania Complinuiited by\\nGenerals Barlow and Miles at Cold Harbor Death of J. A. Lothain Cap-\\ntain A. G. Dailcy Captain S. II. Ives; Present at Surrender of Leu s\\nArmy 397\\nThe Twenty-Seventh Infantry. Colonel D. M. Fox In K^ ntucky and Tennessee;\\nMajor Samuel Moody; Services at Spottsylvania Death of Lieutenants\\nCharles H. Seymour, Charles T. Miller, and Major Moody Caijtain K. S.\\nLeadbetter; Death of Lieutenant J. W. Brennan Captain Cliarhs Wait\\nat Petersburg; Death of Licutenmts Mason Vosperand Theodore S. Meade;\\nGallantry of Captain Wait and his War Cry of Furt or Xothiny Hero-\\nism of Major Moody 400\\nThe Twenty -Ei jhlh Infantry. Hon. S. S. Lacy Commandant of Camp Colonel\\nDelos Phillips; Colonel W. W.Wheeler; Battle of Nashville Joins the\\nArmy of General Sherman; Death of Lieutenant Matthew Holmes; Death\\nof Lieutenant John E. Kenyon 405\\nThe Twenty-Ninth Infantry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eon. J. F. Driggs Colonel Thomas F. Taylor; Col-\\nonel Charles C. Doolittle in Command of Decatur; Its Successful Defence;\\nNolansville; Death of Lieutenant F. Van Vliet; Colonel G. S. Wormer\\nService iu Michigan 406\\nThe Colored Regiment Colonel Henry Barns; Lieutenant-Colonel W T. Bennett\\nColonel H. S. Chipman In Florida; In South Carolina; Death of Cap-\\ntain A. E. Lindsey Operations at Georgetown, S. C; and .Mustered out at\\nCharleston 403\\nThe Militia Guards.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Scott Guard; The Detroit Light Guard; The Lyon\\nGuard; Report of the Adjutant General on the .Militia of .Miciiigan, and\\nconclusioa of the History of Michigan during the Rebellion 410\\nTHIRD TART.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThe Names alphabetically arranged", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "XIV CONTENTS.\\nPAOB\\nFOURTH PART.\\nMISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nThe Census of Michigan in 1870, (oflScially furnished for this work by the Cen-\\nsus Bureau) 507\\nState Officers of Michigan from 1836 to 1870 508\\nThe Judiciary of Michigan in 1870 509\\nPresidential Electors of Michigan from 1837 to 1869 510\\nOfficers of the University of Michigan from 1837 to 1870 510\\nTrustees of Michigan Colleges in 1870 515\\nBooks connected with the Territory and State of Michigan 517\\nNewspapers of Michigan with their Publishers in 1870 518\\nThe Post Offices of Michigan in 1870 521\\nConstitution of the State of Michigan 526\\nAmendments to the Constitution 548", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "FIRST P^RT.\\nCIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE.\\nTlie name of ]\\\\Iiclugan is derived from the Indian word Michsawgyegan,\\nthe moaning of which is the Lake Country. It is bounded on the north by\\nLake Superior; on the east by Lake.s Huron, St. CUvir, and Erie on the\\nsouth by Ohio and Indiana; and on the west by Wisconsin and Lake\\nMicliiiran; and the extent of its dominion is fifty-six thou.sand two liun-\\ndrcd and forty-tlnee square miles.* Ahmg the shores of Lake Erie there\\nstrctclics a belt of level and heavily-timbered land, bearing a growth of\\nlarge and noble forest trees upon a low and level soil. The land gradually\\nrises towards the centre tif the State, presenting a variegated scenery com-\\nposed of tracts of dense wilderness, alternated with prairies, natui-al parks\\nor oak openings, copses of burr-oak, marshes, barrens, and pine groves,\\neach watered by small streams, lakes, or springs. That part of the State\\nwhich borders Lake Superior is more bold and primitive, and is broken\\nby mountains and plains, hills and valleys. The Porcupine ^lountains,\\nwhich are the dividing ridge, and separate the waters of Lake Superior and\\nLake Michigan, are about two thousand feet high and abound in the\\ncharms of Alpine and imposing coast scenery. Many parts of this northern\\npeninsula exhibit a bold, rocky, and sterile prospect, which caused one of\\nthe early French travellers La Ilontou to call this region the fag end\\nof the world. It abounds with forests of white and yellow pine, and will\\nprobably never be favorable for agricultural production, although it is a\\nrich mineral region. The northern part of the lower peninsula, generally\\nspeaking, is flat and swamjiy the central and southern portions are gently\\nrolling, covered with groves of oak, alternated Avith tracts of heavily-tim-\\nbered laud, are peculiarly favoraI)le for the production of wheat, which is\\nthe staple product, and present the most picturesque points of scenery, and\\nrc-Jtuirces for even a dense population.\\nThe soil of IMichigan is various in its character. It is in general much\\nmore level than that of New Yoi*k and New England, being of alluvial\\nformation, and comparatively free from rocks. The different species of\\n.soil consist of heavily-timbered land, oak openings, burr-oak plains, prai-\\nries, and pine groves, each of which will be considered.\\n27(6 hcnvilij-tbnbcred land consists of tracts which are densely wooded\\nwith a variety of large forest-trees, the principal of which are the black and\\nAdditional information oa the topography of the State will be found in subsequent\\npngfs of Ibis volume.\\nA*", "height": "3324", "width": "1944", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "10 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwhite walnut, oaks of different species, maple, ash, elm, linden, sycamore,\\nhackberry, Cottonwood, aspen, locust, butternut, box or dogwood, poplar,\\nwhitewood, beech, cherry, sassafras, white, yellow, and Norway pine, hem-\\nlock, spruce, tamerack, cedar, chestnut, and pawpaw as well as the smaller\\ntrees and shrubs, such as willow, alder, sumach, and honeysuckle, top:ether\\nwith the different kinds of undergrowth which are found in the Middle\\nStates. This timbered land is often found upon the borders of the streams,\\nupon what are called bottoms, and also upon the ridges Avhich border them.\\nIt is discovered along the shores of the lakes from Monroe to Detroit, and\\nthence to Lake Michigan, in a belt varying from five to fifteen miles in\\nbreadth. But a small proportion of the peninsular part of the State is,\\nhowever, densely wooded.\\nThere are various other species of soil which constitute a beautiful\\nvariety, and which will be described in their proper order. The heavily-\\ntimbered soil is generally composed of a deep vegetable mold, sometimes\\nmingled with clay, and produces a dense and luxuriant vegetation. Com-\\npared with the other sections of the State, it is gloomy, being generally\\nmore low and level, and it is more difficult to clear from the thick and\\ntangled mass of trees which covers it but these disadvantages are made up\\nby its fertility, and it yields in great abundance the grasses, oats, buck-\\nwheat, potatoes, rye, and large crops of corn. Perhaps it is not so favor-\\nable to wheat, being damp, from the fact that it is shut out from the sun,\\nand also cold in its nature.\\nIn advancing into the interior of the State, across the narrow belt before\\ndescribed, we arrive upon a more dry and undulating soil a species of\\nland which swells into little hills like artificial mounds, and is called oak\\nopenings. This land is composed of a sandy loam, mingled sometimes with\\nlimestone pebbles, and appears light upon the surface, but, when laid open\\nby the plough, turns black from the intermixture of lime in its composi-\\ntion. The trees, consisting chiefly of whiteoak, scattered over the ground\\ngenerally from ten to sixty feet apart, and extending for miles like culti-\\nvated parks, now sweeping down to a clear stream, a fertile prairie, or the\\nbrow of a transparent lake, impress one with the idea that he is travelling\\nthrough an old, rather than a newly-settled country. These openings con-\\nstitute a feature which distinguishes this from most of the adjoining States.\\nThe land, although not as productive as some other kinds of soil, yields\\nheavy crops of oats and abundant harvests of wheat, besides the ordinary\\nproducts of the Middle States. Although containing apparently but a thin\\ncovering of decomposed vegetable matter, the absence of that material is\\nmade up by the admixture of lime in its composition, which is favv)rable to\\nvegc^tation and in summer the surf;ice is almost entirely covered with red,\\nyellow, white, and purple flowers, which, in their richness and beauty, are\\nnot known in the older-settled portions of the country, spreading a gor-\\ngeous carpet through the forest as far as the eye can reach. The surface\\nof the oak openings also presents a turf of matted grass, which requires\\nthree or four yoke of oxen to break it up and, as you can ride for miles\\nin a carriage under the trees that are thus widely separated, it docs not\\nneed so great an amount of labor in clearing it as the timbered land. The\\ntrees, however, are usually girdled in order to cfFect their decay. These\\noak openings extend throughout the greater part of the lower peninsula.\\nAnother species of soil of very great value is found in the State, com-\\nmencing at the county of Jackson and studding the timbered land and oak\\nopenings from the head of the Kalamazoo river to the shores of Lake\\nMichigan. It is chWmI burr-oak plains or openings; a soil which consists", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE. H\\nof tracts spread over with groves of trees of a small size, called the burr-\\noak, with a rough bark and deep green foliage. They closely resemble\\ncultivated orchards of i)ear trees, springing from a snil which is composed\\nof a br )\\\\vn loam mingled with clay; yet they arc higlily productive, and\\narc deemed by tlie settlers of the greatest value, yielding in abundance the\\ncrops of the JNIiddle States corn, oats, potatoes, buckwheat, rye, and all\\nthe products of the other kinds of S!)il. As the trees, like those of the\\nwhiteoak openings, are widely separated, this land requires but little clear-\\ning but four or five yoke of oxen are generally used to break it up for\\nseeding. Corn to the amount of forty, and s:)metimes eighty, bushels to\\nthe acre is produced from these openings, and from forty to fifty bushels\\nof oats. Thirty bushels of wheat to the acre are also frequently obtained\\nfrom tliis land but the average amount may be placed at about twenty-\\nfive bushels.\\nScattered through the south and southwestern part, particularly upon\\nthe borders of the Kalamazoo, the Grand, and St. Joseph rivers are, what\\narc called prairies. These consist of a soil destitute of trees, and covered\\nwith a deep surface of black sand and vegetable mold. It is nioi-e i)ro-\\nductive than any other species, yielding very large crops of corn and j)ota-\\ntoes, as well as wheat, which is, bow-ever, apt not to be as clean as that on\\nthe openings. All other crops that are produced in this climate it yields\\nin great profusion. These prairies throughout the State are comparatively\\nsmall, but in Illinois they stretch out beyond the horizon like a sea. Being\\ncomparatively easy to cultivate, and producing so abundantly, tliey are\\nalways selected by the farmers before any other kind of soil. Tlie dry\\nprairies on the banks of the Kalamazoo and St. Josepli rivers furnisli a\\nsoil equal to any other in the West, and frequently from thirty to fifty\\nbushels of corn have been raised upon them the first season, without being\\nploughed or hoed and when the mold has been once subdued, from thirty\\nto eighty bushels of corn, or forty of wheat, have been oljtained to the\\nacre they are also very favorable for grass.\\nAnother species of soil found in the State is called wet prairies or marshes,\\ntracts which are generally in i)art or in whole covered with water; and\\nthey produce a long coarse grass that is only favorable for winter stock,\\nand make a fine ranging ground for horses and cattle in the spring. When\\ndrained, these wet prairies may be ccmverted into valuable meadow land.\\nAnother species of soil that we meet with in the interior is termed bar-\\nren. f. They consist of tracts which are sparsely scattered over with stunted\\noaks or bushes, that would seem to indicate that tlie land is not fav(jrable\\nto vegetation. It is found, however, that by cultivation it produces well.\\nTlie kind of soil which is called swamp or marsh land is found in consid-\\nerable tracts in the greater part of the State. It is in winter covered with\\nwater, and has a deep mire, which is dangerous to the traveller, and is\\nsprinkled here and there with a few scattering trees or groves of tamerack,\\nwhich resemble pine. In many places these marshes are caused by beaver-\\ndams.\\nThe mineral pi oductions of the State are various, and some of great\\nvalue. Although the soil of the lower peninsula is, as has been before\\nremarked, of alluvial f )rmation, yet there are occ asionally seen ledges of\\nsandstone, which abounds in parts of the C(Hnities of Hillsdale, Jackson, Cal-\\nhoun, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Ingham, Eatvm, Barry, Shiawassee, Clinton,\\nand other portions of the State. Gray limestone is also found and on the\\nimmediate shore of Lake Huron a greenish-colored clay lias been discov-\\nered. Indications of coal are apparent in the counties of Eaton, Ingham,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "12 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nand Shiawassee. On the banks of Grand river, near the Grand Eapids,\\nbeds of gypsum or phister occur, Avhich are of considerable importance.\\nSalt-sjiriugs, used for the manufacture of salt, are scattered throughout a l\\nconsiderable portion of the interior; and clay, sand, marl, bog-iron ore, v\\nwith other kinds, and springs tinctured with mineral qualities, especially\\nsulphur, have been discovered in the eastern part of the peninsula, that will\\nbe of advantage for medicinal purposes.\\nThe shores of Lake Superior are rich in mineral wealth, especially cop-\\nper, and a large mass of that metal, near the mouth of the Ontonagon\\nriver, of many thousand pounds weight, excited the interest of travellers\\nfrom the earliest period. Among the rocks on this part of the coast are\\nto be found iron ore, prase, jaspar, carnelian, agate, sardonyx, and other\\nrare stones of some value.\\nThe greater part of the State is also well watered by numerous rivers\\nand small streams, which variegate the landscape, and flow into the sur-\\nrounding lakes. The principal of these are the Raisin, Grand river, the\\nKalamazoo, the St. Joseph, the Huron, the Clinton, the Saginaw, and the\\nOntonagon. The Detroit, the St. Clair, and the St. Mary s cannot be prop-\\nerly called rivers, as they are only straits which connect the lakes in the\\neastern and more level portions. Upon the eastern border of the State the\\nrivers are sluggish, but as you advance into the interior they become more\\nclear and rapid. The St. Joseph is a transparent and beautiful, though\\nshallow stream, which meanders through the western part of the State over\\na bed of limestone rock and pebbles, and watering counties of great fer-\\ntility, consisting of oak lands and prairies, flows into Lake Michigan. The\\nKalamazoo is also a clear but narrow river, that runs over a surface of\\nsand, limestone rock, or pebbles, and, watering extensive and productive\\ntracts of the State, empties into the same lake. The Grand river is the\\nlargest stream in the interior, and, after furnishing a convenient channel\\nfor navigation and large manufacturing advantages, empties into Lake\\nMichigan at Grand Haven. There are various other streams of less import-\\nance, which furnish sites for manufacturing establishments, and eligible\\npoints for settlement on their banks.\\nThe little lakes scattered over the soil are another peculiar point in the\\nscenery. These are clear, and abt)und with fish and in summer, when the\\nvegetation upon their banks is in full bloom, appear like mirrors, where\\nNature, dressed in green and flowery robes, may admire her own beauty\\namid the solitude.\\nBut the great lakes which wash its shores are the most prominent feature\\nof the State. These constitute much the largest body of fresh water on the\\nface of the globe. To the eye they appear like oceans, and water the bor-\\nders of the forest for thousands of miles, from the State of New York to\\nthe regions of Canada lying along, the shores of Lake Superior, which are\\nnow ranged chiefly by tribes of Indians, fur traders, and miners. Their\\nsurges roll like those of the sea, and the mariner obliged to navigate them\\noften encounters as dangerous storms as upon the ocean. Their waters,\\nhowever, are not, like those of the open sea, of a blue cohn*, but have a\\ntinge of green, from the fact that they are fresh. They were formerly\\nexjjlored only by the bark canoes of the Indians, and were the theatre of\\nthe fur trade, which will be described hereafter; but are now crossed by\\nsteamboats of large tonnage, as well as vessels and ships of all sizes.\\nThe origin of the names of the great lakes is not wanting in interest.\\nLake Ontario was formerly called Lake Frontenac, while tliat of Erie is\\nderived from a nation of Erries, who roamed alon^; the northern borders", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE. 13\\nof Ohio, and were destroyed by the Iroquois. Lake Huron was termed\\nKaregnondi, and also Lake of Orleans. Lake Michiji:an was called Lake\\nMichigonong, and also Lake of Puans and Illinese, and Lake of the Dau-\\nphin. Lake St. Clair was nan)ed l)y La Salle s expedition, from the day\\non wliich he entered the river. The length of Lake Superior is estimated\\nat live hundred miles, and its breadth at one hundred and ninety. This\\nlake is as clear as crystal, and the polished stones upon the bottom, as well\\nas numerous shoals of fish, can be seen at a great depth. Lake ^lichigan\\nis believed to be three hundred and thirty miles long, and sixty miles broad.\\nLake Huron is two hundred and sixty miles long, and, coastwise, three\\nhundred and sixty; its breadth is one hundred and sixty miles. Lake I^rie\\nis two hundred and eighty miles long, and its widest part is about sixty-\\nthree miles. Lake St. Clair is thirty miles long and twenty-eight miles\\nbroad. It is thus seen that this chain of lakes must furnish an important\\nchannel of navigation in the future commerce of the country.\\nThe wild animals of this as well as the other portions of the Northwest\\nare various. The mammoth or mastodon once niamed through its forests,\\nand its skeletons are now found below the surface.* Herds of budliloes\\nroved over the prairies upon tlie borders ol I-,ake Erie as late as 1720, and\\nwe have a full account of that liict from the early French travellers; but\\nthese have been driven, by the progress of emigration, to the plains which\\nsweep along the base of the Rocky IMountains. The elk and moose and\\ntroops of deer formerly fed on the green herbage upon the banks of the\\nDetroit but these have now retired to the more unsettled portions of the\\nState. The wolverine, the black or brown bear, the wolf, the elk, the deer,\\nmoose, lynx, wild-cat, panther, f )X, marten, raccoon, porcupine, opossum,\\nweasel, polecat, gopher, the black, red, gray, and striped squirrel, marmot\\nor woodchuck, rabbit, hare, and various other species of animals, are now\\nfound in the interior. The beaver, the otter, the muskrat, and the mink\\ninhabit the rivers and small streams, and furnished a valuable article of com-\\nmerce during the early French, English, and American fur trade. Of birds,\\nthe robin, the blackbird, the thrusli, the lark, the bluebird, difterent species\\nof the sparrow, the wren, the \\\\\\\\\\\\)odpecker, tiie brant, and the loon, the jay,\\nand the cuckoo, are the most common. The forests shelter flocks of the\\nwild turkey and the partridge. The grouse or prairie-hen swarms on the\\nprairies. Pigeons appear in large flocks at particular seasons of the year,\\nand the snipe and the white partridge are not uncommon. The eagle, the\\nbrant, the buzzard, and others of the vulture kind, the crow, the raven, the\\nheron, and owls of dilferent species, the most distinguished of which is the\\ngreat white owl, are among the carnivorous l)irds. Tiie streams and hikes\\nabound with numerous si)ecies of wild ducks, of various and beautiful\\nplumage. They fly in large flocks along the shores of the lakes, and feed\\nin the marshes which fringe them, sometimes blackening the surface by their\\nnundiers. The swan may sometimes be seen floating upon the waters;\\nand flocks of wild geese, in the season of summer, collect around the small\\ninterior lakes, after their winter migrations, where they obtain their food\\nIVoni the wild rice, which is the peculiar ))roduct of this region.\\nThe rivers, interior lakes, and surrounding waters of the country abound\\nwith lish. These are of various species and of delicious kinds. In the strait\\nof St. Mary and Lake Superior they are of a more valuable sort, from the\\nIn the collection of geological specimens owned by the compiler of this volume is\\na very large and p rfectly-preserved mammoth toolh, which was found near the mouth\\nof the St. Joseph river iu Michigim.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "14 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nfact that the water of the hitter lake is clear and very cold. The quantity\\nin the last-named lake is very great. The sisquovette, which are not tbund\\nin other portions of the lake waters, are seen in great abundance in Lake\\nSuperior. They sometimes grow to the weight of eight or ten pounds.\\nThe principal fish which are found in the surrounding lakes and interior\\nwaters of the country are the sturgeon, whitefish, INIackinaw trout, salmon\\ntrout, common trout, muskalunge, pickerel, pike, perch, herring, the rock\\nbass, the white and black bass, catfish, pout, common eel, bullhead, roach,\\nsunfish, dace, sucker, carp, mullet, billfish, swordfish, bullfish, stcne-carrier,\\nsheep s-head, tlie gar, and many other kinds. The muskalunge, ]\\\\Iackinaw\\ntrout, and whitefish are deemed most valuable. The former is sometimes\\ncaught weighing forty pounds. The JMackinaw trout resembles in lustre\\nand appearance the salmon. The whitefisli, a very delicious fish, is similar\\nto the shad, with brighter scales, which appear like burnished silver. This\\nfish has been celebrated by the French travellers from the earliest period,\\nand Charlevoix, Avho travelled through this region in 1720, once declared\\nthat nothing of the fish kind could excel it. Great numbers of trout\\nand whitefish are taken upon the lakes and shijiped to Ohio, New York,\\nand Pennsylvania, besides those which are consumed in the State.\\nTiie northern part of the lower peninsula of Michigan, bordering on\\nLake Huron, has not yet been thoroughly surveyed and brought into mar-\\nket. The soil of this section of the State is not so favorable for agricul-\\nture as that of the southern portion. It is more wet and marshy, abounds\\nwith pine, and is broken by sandhills and swamps. It has been remarked\\nthat the portion of the State bordering on Lake Superior is broken and\\nrocky and, although containing some elevated table-lands which may be\\nadapted to cultivation, it may be considered unfavorable to agriculture.\\nIt has, however, been ascertained to be a rich mineral region. The most\\nsettled portion of the State has been organized into counties, as the ad-\\nvance of population has required.\\nFrom the brief view which has been taken of the productions of the soil,\\nit is clearly perceived that it afibrds a variety of resources. The low and\\ndensely-wooded land upon the immediate shore of the lower lakes, where\\nthe streams run sluggishly over beds of clay, is strikingly contrasted with\\nthe more rolling character of the oak lands, extending from this belt\\ntowards the centre, dotted as they are by natural ponds of pure water, and\\ncoursed by more rapid streams, which have their beds upon sand or gravel;\\nand these in turn are entirely distinct from the more primitive, rocky, and\\nrugged portion lying in that part of the upper fjcninsula bordering on the\\nshores of Lake Superior. Exhibiting difiereut degrees of fertility, the\\nsouthern part, from its undulating character and its clear streams, affords\\na greater inducement for present settlement than the level strip to which\\nallusion has been made, or the more primitive and rocky region of the\\nnorth. It happens, accordingly, that emigration has in a great measure\\ncrossed this strip and sought the more rolling country, leaving the marshes\\nand the mouths of the streams which flow into the eastern side; a section\\nof the State somewhat unfavorable to settlement from the configuration\\nof the land, but from the fact that it has been productive of the class of\\nbilious disorders prevailing in the greater portion of our new country.\\nFIRST ADVAxNCE OF THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELLERS.\\nThe wide region stretching away in a luxuriant expanse of forest, river,\\nand i:)i-airie, from the shores of the great lakes westward to the banks of the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 15\\nMississippi, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0was first explored and colonized by the French, That portion\\nof the French territory now comprised in the Canadas, the original- point\\nof French settlement, was long the centre of its trade, commerce, and re-\\nligi )n; yet the government claimed the conntry, both by right of discovciy\\nand appropriation, that extended far beyond tlie boundaries of their actual\\ncolonization. Nor werc^ the settlers who had established themselves upon\\nthe banks of the St. Lawrence at any time wanting in zeal and enterprise\\nin extending their ex])lorations. It was early the avowed object of that\\ngovernment to carry the cross of the Roman Catholic Church to the re-\\nmotest bounds of the Western territory, and thus to secui-e the advantages\\nof its great resources. The principal directors of the ecclesiastical estab-\\nlishments that were collected at Quebec, found it their policy to become\\ninformed of the condition of the domain upon the great lakes; and as early\\nas 1G; 4, the Jesuits, l reba?uf and Daniel, joined a party of Ilurons who\\nwere returning from that walkd city, and, passing through the Ottawa\\nriver, raised the first hut of the Society of Jesus upon the shore of Lake\\nIroquois, a bay of Lake Huron, where they daily rang a bell to call the\\nsavages t) prayer, and performed all those kind offices Avhich were calcu-\\nlate(i to secure the confidence and aflx^ction of the tribes on the lake shores.\\nIn (u-dcr to confirm the missions, a college was f )unded in Quebec during\\nthe f illowing year; and a hospital was established at the same place for\\nthe unfortunate of every class, both civilized and savage. Three nuns of\\nI)iep]3e, in France, were selected to advance into the Canadian wilderness\\nin lGo9; an Ursuline convent, for the education of girls, was also erected;\\nand at Silleri a small band of the Ilurons was trained to the civilization\\nand faith of the French, for the purpose of spreading the religion and infiu-\\nence of their colonies through the Western wilderness. A plan iW the\\nestablishment of missions, not only among the Algonquins of the North,\\nbut als south of Lake Huron and in Michigan, was formed, indeed, within\\nsix years after the discovery of Canada.\\nThe French were at this period excluded from the navigation of Lake\\nOntario by the hostility of the Mohawks, and their canoes had never ruf-\\nfled the waters of Lake Erie. The Ottawa, in consequence, was the only\\navenue to the West; and in 1G41, Pijart and Charles Raymbault were\\ntbund roaming as missionaries among the tribes of Lake Nipissing.\\nIn .September, 1G41, the first bark canoe, laden with French Jesuits, was\\npaddled through the Ottawa river for the Falls of St. Mary, and, passing\\nby the islands of Lake Huron, they reached these falls after a navigation\\nof seventeen days. At tliis place they f jund a large collection of Indians\\nfrom tlie neighboring tribes, many of whom had never seen civilized men,\\nand had never heard of the true God. The white men were invited to dwell\\namong them for, said the savages, We will embrace you as brothers we\\nwill (lerivc profit from your words. Ilaymbault, the first missionary to the\\ntribes of Michigan, feeble with consumption, during the next year returned\\nto Quebec. Thus the French at this early period had advanced their mis-\\nsionary posts beyond the shores of Lake Huron and to the outlet of Lake\\nSuperior. Fatlu r Jaqucs and Bressani, Jean de Ikebanif, Chaumouotot,\\nClaude Dablon, ^lesnard. and others, while carrying the cross through the\\nforcc^ts of the Northwest, were not to be impeded by tortures and burnings,\\nnor death even, from their darling projects. They toiled and suffered, were\\nstruck d.,wn with the tomahawk they lived the life of beggars, and died\\nthe death of martyrs were covered with burning bark, and scalded with\\nboiling water, and scarred with hot iron, until the gentle Lallemand cried\\nout auiid his tortures, We are made a spectacle unto the world, and to", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "16 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nangels, and to men but with the zeal of ancient martyrdom the Jesuits\\npressed on from the strongholds of Quebec, filling the ranks of the dead as\\none after another fell, advancing to the remote boundaries of the lake shores\\nthe cross and the lilies of the Bourbons.\\nDuring the month of August, 1654, two young fur-traders having joined\\na band of the Ottawas or Algonquins, in their bark canoes, upon an explor-\\nation of five hundred leagues, reappeared after two years before St. Louis\\nwith a fleet of fifty canoes. Describing the territory stretching around the\\ngreat lakes in glowing colors, and the savage hordes which were then scat-\\ntered through the forests, they sought to eflect a wider extension of French\\ncommerce into that region. Their request was granted and in 1656, Gabri-\\nelle Dreuillette and Leonard Gareau, former missionaries among the\\nHurons, were selected for the mission but just below INIontreal a band of\\nMohawks attacked their fleet, Gareau was mortally wounded, and the expe-\\ndition prevented. The traders of the lakes, seeking the furs which abounded\\nin those forests, and backed by the Western Indians, who desired a league\\nby which they might resist the Iroquois, soon advanced to Green Bay, and\\nin 1659 two of them passed the winter on the shores of Lake Superior.\\nDuring the following year they returned to Quebec, escorted by sixty\\ncanoes, laden Avith peltry, and paddled by three hundred Algonquins.\\nThe zeal of Francis de Laval, the bishop of Quebec, appears to have\\nbeen kindled, by their accounts of the country, with a desire tn enter upon\\nthe mission, but to Rene Mesnard was allotted this task, so full of hazard.\\nCharged Avitli the duty of exploring the territory around Green Bay and\\nLake Superior, and of establishing at some convenient point a place for\\nthe general assembly of the neighboring tribes, this aged man, in August,\\n1660, Avith but few preparations, departed on his mission, trusting, to use\\nhis own words, in the Providence which feeds the little birds of the desert,\\nand clothes the wild flowers of the forest. During the month of October\\nhe reached a bay on the south shore of Lake Superior, which he named\\nSt. Theresa writing to a friend, in three or four months you may add\\nme to the memento of deaths. After a residence there of eight months, in\\nthe year 1661, he complied with the invitation of the Hurons, who had\\ntaken refuge in the isle of St. IMichael, and, leaving his converts, advanced\\nwith one attendant to the Bay of Che-goi-me-gon. Lost in the forest, he\\nwas never afterward seen and among the amulets of the Sioux were dis-\\ncovered his breviary and cassock.\\nBut the rude missionary posts around the lakes struggled on, and were\\nin danger of falling, when the Canadian colonies were re-enforced in 1 665\\nby a royal regiment, with Tracy as viceroy, Courcelles, a veteran officer,\\nas governor, and Talon, a man of business and perseverance, as intendant,\\nand the representative of the King in civil matters. French enterprise now\\npressed forward to the West with increased vigor, and in August, 1 665,\\nFather Claude Allouez, following the old course of the Ottawa, on the 1st\\nday of October reached the principal village of the Chippewas in the Bay\\nof Che-goi-me-gon. A chapel dedicated to the Holy Spirit soon arose\\namid the green luxuriance of the forest, and the passions of the rough\\ntribes were subdued by paintings which the missionary displayed of the\\nhorrors of hell and the terrors of the final judgment. The dwellers around\\nSt. IMary flocked to his station the Hurons and Ottawas, upon the deserts\\nnorth of Lake Superior, secured his rosence at their wigwams and the\\nPottowatomies, from the borders of Lake Michigan, invited him to their\\nhomes, while the Sacs and Foxes travelled from their villages, and the Illi-\\nnois came to gather counsel and to describe the beauties of their quiet", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES xVND TRAVELLERS. 17\\nriver. The Sioux, also, from the west of Lake Superior, in a land of prai-\\ni Il s, liviuG^ on wild rice and skin-covered cabins, welcomed the stranger.\\nAt rer residing for nearly two years upon the southern margin of Lake\\nSuperior, in August of 1(567 he returned to Que])ec, and urged the cstab-\\nlislnnent of permanent missions, to be accompanied by colonies of French\\nemigrants ujion the lakes but in two days after reaching that post, witli\\nanother priest, Louis Nicholas, he returned to the mission of Che-goi-\\nnie-gon.\\nTlie condition of Canada at tliat time was favorable to the progress of\\nthe missions of this portion of tlie West. The monopoly of the West\\nIndia Company, organized for the purpose of prosecuting the fur-trade,\\nhad l)een yielded U]). Peace was enjoyed, and a new recruit of missionaries\\niiad arrived from France. Aided by such advantages, Allouez, Claude\\nDablim, and James Marquette in 16G8 repaired to the Chippewas and estab-\\nlished the mission of St. Mary, the first settlement commenced by Europeans\\nwithin the boundaries of Michigan. During the following years these mis-\\nsionaries were employed in strengthening the power of France over the pos-\\nsessions which she claimed, from Green J3ay to the head of Lake Superior,\\nand in collecting information respecting the region extending toward the\\nMississippi. They resolved in the year 16(39 to attempt its exploration,\\nand selected as a companion a young Illinois, for the i)urpose of becoming\\nac(juainteil with the dialect of that tribe.\\nThe commerce of the fur-trade J)etween the Algonquins and the French\\nsecured the protection of their tribes and their dee]) attachment, while a\\ndesire of strengthening the power of France over the Western territory\\npervaded the mind of Louis of France and Colbert, his minister. Talon,\\nthe intendant-general, moreover, desired to advance the same object, and\\nfor this purpose despatched his agent, Nicholas Perrott, in order to call a\\ngeneral c( mgress of the lake tribes at the Falls of St. ]\\\\Iary. Procuring at\\nGreen Bay a guard of Pottowatomies, he reached the settlement of the\\nMiamis at Chicago, the fii-st of civilized men who had ever visited, that\\nl)oiiit.\\nTiie desired Congress of the Indian tribes convened at the falls of St.\\nMary in ^lay of 1671, was composed of prominent delegates from the head\\nwaters of the St. Lawrence, the Mississij^pi, the lakes, and even the Red\\nriver and of veteran officers from the armies of France, intermingled here\\nand there with a Jesuit missionary. A cross having heen raised, and also\\na cedar post marked with the French lilies, the representatives of the savage\\nliordes were informed that they were under the protection of the French\\nKing. During that year Manpiettc gathered a branch of the Ilurons at\\nPoint St. Ignace, upon the continent north of the peninsula of Michigan,\\nan establishment that was long a convenient resting-place for the savages\\nand the fur-trade.\\nIn 167:2, Alhaiez and Dablon, who were the active agents of the French\\nGovernment in carrying the cross through the eastern part of Wisconsin\\nand tlie U Tth of Illinois, seeking by mild means to secure the good otKces\\nof the Kirkapoos upon the Milwaukie and of the Miamis of Lake Michi-\\ngan, explored the countries to the south of the village that had been thus\\nfounded by ^larquette, and had even extended their explorations to the\\ntribes of the Foxes, then scattered along the banks of the Fox river. But\\nthe power of the French in this quarter was mainly conhned to the imme-\\ndiate shores of the lakes and their connecting waters. Beyond these was a\\nriver llowing thousands of miles into the sea, wliich had never been tracdl\\nto it^ outlet, of which Allouez had reported the name to be Me-ssipi, or the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "18 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n(Jreat river. This stream, long the object of curious inquiry, was now to\\nbe sought, in order that the French power might be spread along its banks.\\nThus labored Marquette, a solitary missionary upon the lakes, until 1(373,\\nwhen M. Talon, the intendant-geueral of the colony, ambitious to close his\\ncareer in that region with something of honor, despatched M. Joliet, a citi-\\nzen of Quebec, to this man, and unfolded, at the same time, a project for\\nthe exploration of the country along the line of the Miclmepee, or the Great\\nriver, to its mouth, which current reports declared flowed into a large sea.\\nNor was Marquette unwilling to aid the enterprise. Upon the thirteenth\\nof May, everything being ready, this adventurer, together with Joliet and\\nfive other Frenchmen, left Michilimackinac in two bark canoes, supplied\\nwith Indian corn and jerked meat, and commenced their voyage to the\\nunknown country. They soon arrived at an Indian village which was\\nfamiliar to Marquette, and made known to the savages their plan. These\\nsavages, however, seemed to be horror-struck at the boldness of the project\\nto explore the great river. There were Indians in that quarter, they told\\nthe whites, who would destroy them monsters who would swallow up them\\nand their canoes a demon who would ingulf all who ventured near his\\nwatery and boiling domain, and heats that would parch them. I thanked\\nthem for their good advice, says Marquette, but informed them I could\\nnot follow it, since the salvation of souls was at stake, for which I should be\\noverjoyed to give my life.\\nThe navigators now passed through Green Bay, from the mud of which\\nthere arose, says the voyager, mischievous vapors, which cause the most\\ngrand and perpetual thunders I ever heard. They entered the Fox river,\\nand, dragging their canoes through the rapids, and cutting their feet with\\nthe stones, they soon arrived at a village where there lived together a band\\nof the Miamis, Mascoutens, and Kickapoos. Here they found a cross hunsr\\nwith skins, because the Great Spirit had given to the Indians a successful\\nchase. Father Allouez had been here, and had taught them that the cross\\nwas the only visible emblem of the true religion. This village was at that\\ntime the remote boundary of western exploration, and beyond it no French-\\nman had before gone. They were now journeying through a country before\\nunknown to white men. On the 10th of July the adventurers left these\\nsavages amazed at the hardihood of the whites, and, aided by two guides,\\nstarted f6r the stream, which was believed to run but three leagues distant\\nfrom the Mississi|)pi, and to flow into that river. The Indian guides, hav-\\ning conducted tliem to the portage without any mishap, left them alone\\namid that unknown country, in the hand of God. Advancing with\\nprayers, they soon arrived at the Wisconsin, a stream abounding with sand-\\nbars, but studded with islands and bordered by banks green with vegeta-\\ntion, and variegated by groves and pleasant slopes. Floating down the\\nstream in their canoes, they arrived, on the 17th of June, at the Mississippi,\\nwith joy, says Manjuette, that I cannot express.\\nThe adventurers had now reached the main channel, which they were to\\nexplore to its UKJUth and, after having adtuired the herds of bufllilo and\\ndeer which roamed along its borders, and the swans which floated ui)on ita\\nsurface, as well as some great fish which nearly dashed their canoes Xo\\natoms, they at length came to the footprints of human beings on the sand,\\nand a trail leading to a meadow. Ijcaving their canoes in charge of the\\ncrew, Joliet and Manpu tte now advanced towards what seemed to them an\\nIndian village, suflicieiUly near to hear the vtnce of the savages. AVith\\nprayers they made known their ])rescnce by a loud cry, and were soon\\nreceived by an embassy of four old men, who presented them the i)ipe of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 19\\npeace, and informed them at tlie .same time that they were in a village of\\ntlie Illinois. The French voyairerd were here entertained with a gran l feast,\\naccompanied with mnch .smok.in r. The feast ci nsi,sted of four courses; the\\nfirst was of hominy, the second of fish, the third of dog, and the f)urth of\\nroasted buffalo. VVhen the feast had been concluded, tliey were marched\\nthrough the town with much ceremony; and, having passed the night\\nquietly, they were escorted by six hundred Indians to their canoes. The\\nIllinois, says Mar(]uette, were handsome, kindly, and effeminate. They\\nused guns, and were feared by the savages of the South and West, where\\nthey made many prisoners, and sold them as slaves.\\nHaving left the Illinois, the voyagers ]xissed the rocks on which were\\npainted the monsters of whose existence they had heard at Lake Michigan,\\nand reached the mouth of the Missouri. Leaving the Missouri, they encoun-\\ntered the demon against which they had been warned, that was nothing\\nmore than a great rock in the stream, and soon arrived at the Ohio. From\\nthe Ohio, although somewhat troubled by the mosquitoes, they ])assed in\\nsafety to the region of the Arkan.sa.\\nAt this place they were attacked by a crowd of warriors, and would have\\nbeen overj)owered had not i\\\\Iarquette presented the pipe of peace, which\\nsoftened the rough savages; for, says the Jesuit, God touched their hearts.\\nOn the succeeding day they proceeded on their way, and were feasted by\\nthe hospitable savages u])on corn and dognieat cooked in earthenware, the\\nIndians being amiable and ceremonious, passing the dish from one to another.\\nHere the voyagers determined to return to the North, as they were now con-\\nfident of the place where the Mississippi was discharged, that being the\\nprincipal object of the expedition. In -consequence, they left Akamsca on\\nthe 17th of July, retracing their track; an(l, amazed at the nund)ers of\\ngrounds, meadows, Avoods, buffaloes, stags, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans,\\nducks, paroquets, and beavers upon the Illinois river, they arrived atOreen\\nBay in Sej)tember of that year, where they reported what they had een.\\nFather jMarquette returned to the Illinois, and ))erf )rmed his clerical\\noffices by their request until the year 1 (575. On the 18th of i\\\\Iay, as he\\nwas pa.\u00c2\u00absing through Lake Michigan in his canoes, he proposed to land at\\nthe mouth of a small stream running from the ]ieninsula to perform ma.ss,\\nand retired a little distance to pray. Not returning, his men went in ])ur-\\nsuit of him, and soon discovered the missionary, but he was dead and they\\nnnide a grave and buried him in the sand, upon the western part of the\\npeninsula of Michigan, on the borders of a stream which now bears his name,\\nand where the place of his interment was recently to be seen. Thus passed\\naway this quiet man in the wilderne.\u00c2\u00abs, after a long life s])ent in doing good.\\nYet he left the impression of his virtues liehind him, and his name the world\\nhas embalmed and will perpetuate.\\nAt length the enterprise of Ivobert de la Salle, a native of Normandy, in\\nFrance, a young num of strong passions, but great energy, entered upon a\\nproject which hat! f r its object the ])er])etuation of the power of France by\\nthe jiermanent colonization of the West. La Salle was, according to C har-\\nlevoix, brought up among the Jesuits, and, having lost his patrimony in\\nFrance, and being of an adventurous and enterprising spirit, he turned his\\nmind to the French colonies (tn this side of the Atlantic about the year 1()70.\\nHaving arrived at the Canadian jiort, he occui\u00c2\u00bbied himself with a roject,\\nl)opular in (hat day, ci.iniected with a short passage to Ohina, and had\\nalready planned an ex])edition acro. ss the great lakes to the banks of the\\nPacilic when Father Marquette returned from the Missi.ssippi. The highly\\ncolored views which this missionary gave of the country, and its extensive", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "20 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAX.\\nchannel of interior communication ^vestward, kindled the sanguine mind\\nof La Salle, and induced him to redouble his exertions to carry out his\\nobject. With that view he resorted to M. de Fronteuac, th\u00c2\u00abn the governor-\\ngeneral of Canada, and at once laid before him the dim but gigantic outline\\nof his project, having for its end the extension of the French power, by con-\\nstructing a chain of fortifications at the most prominent points along the\\nlakes and rivers of the West. The first step towards this favorite scheme\\nwas to rebuild Fort Frontenac, which lies on Lake Ontario, of stone; and\\nthe politic adventurer deemed this an important point to win the favor of\\nthe governor-general, as that fort was called after his name. Frontenac\\nentered warmly into his views. Believing that the French power would be\\ngreatly strengthened by carrying out the design, he advised La Salle to\\napply directly to the King of France; and, to aid his application for royal\\npatronage, he gave the adventurer letters to Seigneilay, who, as minister of\\nmarine, had succeeded his father, the well-known Colbert.\\nWith glowing hopes. La Salle now resorted to the French King, and made\\nknown his wants. His plan was approved by the minister, who received his\\nletter, and he was invested with the title of chevalier, and also with the seig-\\nnory of Fort Frontenac, on the condition that he would rebuild it. From\\nall the nobility of that country he received also assui-ances of full counte-\\nnance and aid. Encouraged l)y these assurances. La Salle, with his lieu-\\ntenant, Tonti, an Italian, and thirty men, sailed from Rochelle on the 14th\\nof July, 1678, reached Quebec on the 15th of September of the same year,\\nand soon after j^roceeded to Fort Frontenac. Here he found laboring in\\nthe missionary cause Louis Hennepin, a friar of the Franciscan order, daring,\\nvain, and determined, ambitious to reap the glory of discovery, and not too\\nscrupulous as to the means. Hennepin had been appointed by his religious\\nsuperiors acting missionary, to accompany the expedition of La Salle, and\\narrived at this jioint, in readiness to meet him, in October of 1678.\\nThe chevalier having no means to carry out his project, and being at that\\ntime somewhat involved in debt, was obliged to cast about for money to\\nadvance his enterprise. He commenced operations, accordingly, by sending\\nf rward a party of his men along the shores of the lakes to collect skins, from\\nwhich he might accumulate something to pay his winter expenses, for he had\\nan exclusive right from the French monarch to trade in that region. The\\nadvantages of this course were two-fold for, while the Frenchmen whom\\nhe should despatch were collecting the furs, they could, at the same time,\\nprepare the minds of the Indians for his coming. In the first place it was\\nmade a part of his duty to alter and repair Fort Frontenac Lake Ontario\\nwas to be navigated a f )rt was to be built on Lake Eric, and a bark of\\nextraordinary size for those inland seas was to be constructed. All these\\nduties devolved upon himself; and, with the small funds which he had to\\naccomplish them, they would, to a man of moderate soul, have appeared\\nfirmidable. But to the stout heart of the French chevalier they were as\\nnothing, for his perseverance was unconquerable, and his ambition looked\\nforward to the time when his name should be covered with glory as the bene-\\nfactor of France, and the Columl)Us of its colonies in the West.\\nHaving despatched his men for the objects which have been mentioned,\\nLa Salle embarked upon Lake Ontario, with his followers, on the 18th of\\nNovember, 1678, in a little vessel of ten tons, the first ship that had ever\\nsailed on that fresh-water sea. Against strong winds the vessel was finally,\\nafter having occupied four weeks in beating up from Kingston to Niagara,\\npushed as near the falls as could be done with safety, and the adventurers\\nlanded. Here some magazines were built with great difliculty, as the ground", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIOXARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 21\\nwas frozen, and the post.s could be driven down only by pouring boiling water\\nupon the surface, and thus thawing the earth. Here also they formed their\\nfirst acquaintance with the Iroquois of Kiagara Village upon Lake Erie, and\\nfounde 1 a second fort; but, impeded hy the jealousy of the Iroquois, they\\nrelincpiished the i^roject, and merely erected a temporaiy work to secure the\\nmagazines. Leaving orders for his men to build another vessel, La Salle\\nreturned to Fort Frontenac to procure anchors, cables, chains, and other\\noutfits for his new ship. Through the winter days, Avhen Lake Erie lay\\nbefore them covered with ice, like a plain paved with iine-polished marble,\\nhis men hammered upon the ship, Avhile others gathered furs and jjeliry in\\nthe forest, or strove to gain the good-will of the Ir()quois, who claimed the\\ncountry through which they were to ])ass, and who liad never shown them-\\nselves the special friends of the French. On the 20th of January, KiTO, the\\nchevalier returned. The vessel in which his outfits had been embarked was\\nwrecked and, although the most valuable part of her cargo was saved, the\\ngreater portion of her provisions went to the bottom. This, however, did not\\ndishearten the stout-hearted adventurer. A considerable quantity of furs\\nwas collected during the winter, with which the commander, in the spring\\nof 1679, returned to Fort Frontenac, and Tonti was sent out upon the shores\\nof the lakes to muster his men, who had been before despatched into that\\nregion. The vessel, however, was at length built, in spite of all these obsta-\\ncles, rigged and manned, and made ready to sail.\\nThe chain of fn-tifications thus projected by La Salle was afterward con-\\nstructed upon the water-line of the Northwest, and its remains are still to\\n1)0 seen stretching from the shores of Lake Ontario to the mouth of the\\nJNIississippi.\\nOn the seventh day of the month of August, 1G79, the bark of sixty tons\\nburden having at length been built, she started on the first voyage which\\nhad ever been made upon that inland sea, amid the sound of Te Dcum i and\\nthe discharge of arquebuses. This vessel was named the Griffin, and the\\nimage of that animal was carved on her prow. Robert do la Salle was her\\ncommander; and Louis Hennepin, the missionary, burning with ardor to\\nmake new discoveries, and also the journalist of the expedition, was on\\nboard. The crew consisted of fur-traders taken from the Canadian colo-\\nnies. They sounded while they ploughed along the waves of Lake Erie, as\\nthey did not know the depth of the water, and on the tenth of the same\\nmonth tliey arrived near the islands which are grouped at the entrance of\\nthe Detroit river, where they anchored. Hennepin says of these islands:\\nThey make the finest pros])ect in the world. The strait (of Detroit) is\\nfiner than Niagara, being one league broad, excepting that part which f rms\\nthe lake that %ve have called /St. Clair.\\nThe explorers, passing up the river and advancing across Lake Huriin,\\nsoon landed on the shore of the northern jiart of the peninsula of ]\\\\Iicliigan,\\nand in August they built the old Fort of 3Iichilnnaekinac. The doscrijH\\ntions of the country by these early travellers, although not entirely accu-\\nrate, are interasting, and they will be rcjgardetl as of great value wlien the\\nshores of the lakes shall be crowded with a dense population. Of the scen-\\nery Hennepin remarks The country between the two lakes (Erie and\\nHuron is very well situated, and the soil very fertile. The banks of the\\nstrait (Detroit) are vast meadows, and the prospect is terminated with\\nsome hills covered with vineyards, trees bearing good fruit, groves and for-\\nests so well disjxjsed that one would think Nature alone could not have\\nmade, without the help of art, so charming a prospect. That country is\\nstocked with stags, wikl goats, and bears, which are good for food, ^nd not", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "22 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nfierce as iii other countries; some think they are better than our pork. Tur-\\nkey-cocks and swans are there very common; and our men brought several\\nother ))easts and bii ds, whose names are unknown to us, but they are extra-\\nordinary relishing.\\nThe forests are chiefly made up of walnut, chestnut, plum, and pear\\ntrees, loaded with their own fruit, and vines. There is also abundance of\\ntimber for building; so that those who shall be so hapjjy as to inlial)it that\\nnoble country cannot but remember with gratitude them who have led tiie\\nway.\\nFrom Michilimackinac the French explorers went to Green Bay. Here\\nLa Salle collected a cargo of furs, and dispatched them in the Griffin back\\nto Niagara, in order to pay the debts which he owed in that quarter. But\\nthe vessel was never heard of afterward. With fourteen of his Frenchmen\\nhe now paddled down Lake Michigan hi canoes, marking the shoals of that\\nlake by bear-skins stuck on poles, and feeding on the flesh of that animal.\\nOn the first of November, having reached the 8t. Joseph river of Lake\\nMichigan, he built another rude fort at its mouth, called fort Miami. Touti,\\nthe Italian, La Salle s lieutenant, had been sent out ujjou the Ijorders of the\\nlake with some of his men to procure venison and to collect the straggling\\nFrenchmen, and the party remained at St. Joseph awaiting the return of\\nthe Griffin.\\nBut winter now came on, and the Griffin did not appear. The party of\\nLa Salle, therefore, on the 1st of September, occupied themselves in driving\\npalisades near the mouth of the St. Joseph river of Lake jNIichigan, in\\norder to warn off the French bark from the shoals upon the liorders of that\\nlake. If the lakes should be frozen before the vessel returned new ol)stacle3\\nwould be thrown in his way for the wilderness presented but few friendly\\ninhabitants and cultivated fields, the shores of the lakes no hospitable ports,\\nso that lie determined to proceed upon his great voyage and glorious under-\\ntaking; and, collecting his crew, and leaving in the rude fort of St. Joseph\\na few men, he set out with the remainder and three monks. Passing to the\\nIllinois, the party descended that river by easy journeys, the better to\\nobserve that country, Avhich al)ounded with marslies, where no safe footing\\ncould be obtained. Through these swamps the adventurers proceeded until\\nthey arrived at a village of the Illinois Indians, which contained about five\\nhundred untenanted cabins. Here the party of the Sieur de la Salle, being\\nw^orn down with hunger, provided themselves with a quantity of corn, which\\nwas found hidden in holes in the ground under the Indian wigwams, and\\nplaced it on shipboard. This pomt is supposed to have been the present\\nsite of Rock Fort, upon the Illinois.\\nOn the 4th of January, 1680, the ship being ready and the voyagers pre-\\npared, they proceeded into a lake believed to be Peoria, where they caught\\nsome good fish with which they might season their corn, when bands of sav-\\nages appeared on both sidas of the river, to which they had now returned.\\nWhen, however, the startled Frenchmen sup))()sed that, having been engaged\\nin depredation, their season of fighting had arrived, they were agreeably\\nsurprised by lieing asked who they were, the savages being naturally in-\\nclined to peace. The question having been answered, they were received\\nby the Indians with nuu h kindness, who, not as savages are used to do, but\\nas men well-bred and civilized, spread out before the needy voyagers beef,\\nand stag, and all sorts of venison and fowls. This hos])itablc reception\\nwas repaid by discharges of firearms, and by presenting them large draughts\\nof brandy. A feast, ccmtinuing three days, was at length concluded, and\\nthe Frenchmen discovered in the Illinois great humanity, and a good dis-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 23\\np;)sition to civil society. They were flatterers coinplaisant aud ciinnin r,\\nand, although they paid a sort of respect to virtue, tiiey were still etleiiiinate\\nand dissolute. In the midst of this nation La Salle concluded to build\\nanother f irt, i the pacilic character of the Indians in that (|uarter induced\\nliini t) select this as its most favorable site. A point upon the rising j^rouud,\\nnear the river, was chosen tor that object, and here a rude fortitication was\\nl)uilt, which La Salle named Crevecieur, the Broken Heart: a touching\\nname, indicatino; his disappointment, occasioned by the loss of the Griffin\\nand the consequent wreck of his hopes, the jealousy of a portion of the sav-\\nages, who had l)ecn [lersuaded that he was a frien(l of the Innpiois, and the\\nmutiny of his men, which had already begun to show itself by administer-\\ning to him poison: misibrtunes which sunk him in poverty, casting a gloom\\nover his burning but iron lieart, beclouding his glorious vision, and plunging\\nhim in doubt and despair.\\nThe winter was passed, and La Salle remained in the wilderness until\\nthe vegetation began to spring up on the prairies, liereft of property, with\\nhis men, who even sought his life, fast deserting him, with Indians around\\nhim, instigated by capricious and uncertain motives, he still had left his\\nown determined spirit: a spirit fearless of obstacles, which burned the\\nbrighter amid the gloom that encompassed it. He found it necessary,\\ntherefore, to return to the Canadian colonies to raise men and money, and\\nto prepare another outfit, for he was still firmly resolved to persevere in his\\noriginal project. In accordance with this determination, he employed M.\\nDacan and Father Louis Hennepin to proceed from that point on an ex})e-\\ndition for the discovery of the sources of the !Mississi] pi, with a ))arty con-\\nsisting of eight persons, and on the last day of February, 1( he startetl\\nthem on their voyage. At Fort Crevecceur the chevalier remained until the\\nsucceeding November, leaving Tonti and his nien among the Illinois, and\\nthen departed from that fort for Canada. On his passage along the river,\\nbeing struck with the position of a high rock upon the bank, he at once\\ndetermined to construct a fort at that {)oint, and, marking out a jilan, sent\\nit to Tonti at Fort Crevccanir. Tonti immediately proceeded to the execu-\\ntion of the {)roject, but had hardly commenced when a revolt broke out\\namong the men whom he had left at Fort Crevecceur, and he was obliged to\\nreturn. This new fort was named St. Louis, and was placed under the com-\\nmand of Tonti when La Salle returned to France. Its site was probably the\\nsp it that is now called Rock Fort, in La Salle county, Tllinoi.s.\\nTonti, thus left in the woods with a garrison of undisciplined Frenchmen,\\nlived on with little (juietude until September of lOSl, when, to his horror, a\\nbody of the Iroquois appeared in this region, having been irritated during\\ni journey along the borders of the lakes. What was the policy of Tonti in\\nreference to these two hostile savage nations does not clearly appear, yet it\\nis evident that he must have ])reserved neutral ground, acting as a mediator\\nbetween tlu in. But succor did not come; and at length he was obliged to\\nreturn to Canada with five men, in the middle of Sejitember of the same\\nvear, reaching Lake Michigan in October, and spending the winter upon its\\nbordei-s. Thus ended this expedition for discovery along the shores of the\\ngreat lakes, under the auspices of an individual who should l)e known as\\nthe first navigator of Lake Erie.\\nBut let La Salle be followed to the close of his adventurous career. He\\nhad returr.ed to Canada, where he busied himself in raising recruits, con-\\nstructing vessels, and gathering funds; and the spring of 1G82 found him\\nagain upon the Illinois, manning Crevccoeur, rebuilding Fort St. Louis, and\\nsoon after returning to Fort Frouteuae to prepare for his second voyage,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "24 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAJf.\\nwhich commenced ou the Illinois river in 1683, when the mouth of the Mis-\\nsissippi Avas descried. But La Salle soon departed for France, to lay before\\nthe throne the record of what he had done, and also his project for the explor-\\nation and settlement of the far-famed Louisiana. A fleet was provided by\\nthe agency of Seigneilay, consisting of twenty-four vessels, four of which\\nwere destined for Louisiana, carrying two hundred and eighty persons,\\nsoldiers, artificers, and women. Starting on his voyage across the ocean,\\non the 24th of July, 1684, he reached his destined point, where he was assas-\\nsinated b)^ his own men. Thus fell La Salle a man of energy, accom-\\nplished, virtuous, ardent, and self-sacrificing one of a class who ruin them-\\nselves while they benefit the world, neglect the means of happiness, and raise\\nup for themselves a lasting remembrance.\\nNo settlement had at this time been made at Detroit, because the traders\\nand Jesuit missionaries had a more direct and safer route to the upper lakes,\\nfrom Montreal to jNIichilimackinac, by the way of the Ottawa river. But\\nthis point had long been regarded an eligible position for a settlement, as it\\ncommanded a liroad tract of country, and stood, as it were, at the gate of\\nthe upper lakes, in a direct route from these lakes to the English colonies\\nof New York, by the way of Lake Erie.\\nThe French and English both desired to obtain possession of this post.\\nBut while the English were looking to its acquisition, they were anticipated\\nl)y their rivals. Taking counsel from the movements of their opponents,\\nthe French called a grand meeting of the Iroquois, or Five Nations, at Mon-\\ntreal. The chiefs of the diflferenf tribes from the St. Lawrence to the !Mis-\\nsissippi attended this meeting also the principal men and the Governor-\\nGeneral of Canada. Here the establishment of a post at that place was\\ndiscussed, and the grounds on which the two nations based their claims U)\\nit weighed. The Iroquois, however, r.aid that, understanding the French\\nwere about to make a settlement at that point, they were opposed to the\\nmeasure, as they had already prohibited the English from doing the same.\\nThe Governor-General of Canada replied that the land belonged neither to\\nthe Iroquois nor to the English, but to the King of France, and that there\\nwas already an expedition on the march for the purjiose of erecting a colo-\\nnial establishment at that place. In accordance with this plan, Antoine de\\nla ]\\\\Iotte Cadillac, lord of Bouaget, Mont Desert, having been granted a\\ntract of fifteen acres square by Louis XIY, left Montreal, accompanied by\\na Jesuit missionary and one hundred men, and arrived at the point of the\\nwilderness which is now the site of Detroit, in the month of July, 1701,\\nwhere they commenced the foundation of the first ])ermanent settlement in\\nMicliigan. Before it had only been known by the French missionaries as a\\ntrading-post, and in 1620 it was occupied by an Indian village, which Avas\\ncalled Teuchsa Grondie. The Saute de St. JNIarie, as we have seen, had at\\nthat time been fDtlnded, and a rude post was also erected at Fort Gratiot,\\nwhich was a resting point for the fur-trade.\\nThis chain of fortifications was all the defence which was constructed\\nupon the lake shores for nearly a century and a half, and it comprised a\\npart of that line of forts that was projected by La Salle, extending from\\nthe St. Lawrence down the Mississippi to New Orleans. Their object was\\nto furnish outposts by which the territory of Canada on the borders of the\\nhikes could be hold, the English settlements hemmed in, the Jesuit mission-\\naries and settlers protected against the numerous and capricious tribes of\\nsavages in this quarter, and by which the fur-trade might circulate, with\\nfull success, along the lakes and streams of the Northwest. The forts of\\nDetroit, Michiliniackinac, St. Joseph, and Green Bay were of rude construe-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIONARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 25\\ntiim, and the chapels erected by their side were used for the religious asseni-\\n1)1 ies of the French settlers, who were fnjni that time collected around the\\nposts, and also of the Indians who were under the special guardianship of\\nthe Jesuit missionaries. These structures, minute points on the ])ordcrs of\\ntlie forest, were either roofed with bark or thatched with straw, and on their\\ntop was generally erected the cross. Tribes of friendly Indians that covdd\\nbe induced to settle near them had their villages or wigwams around these\\nposts, and also their planting-grounds, in which they cultivated Indian corn,\\nnot only for the French settlers, but also for the pers(.)us connected with the\\nfur-trade. They derive their principal importance from the fact that they\\nwere the only outposts of the French Government in this country before the\\nEnglish conquest, and, consequently, the theatres of the most interesting\\nfrontier operations.\\nAbout three years after Detroit was founded, the Ottawa Indians in that\\nvicinity were invited to Albany, in New York, U})on what was supposed to\\nbe a friendly visit. As St. Joseph was surrounded by villages of tlie IIu-\\nrons, Pottowatomies, and ]\\\\Iiamis, so also was Detroit at that time guarded\\nby parts of the friendly tribes of the Ilurons and Pottowatomies near the\\nsettlements, and an Ot taAva village had been erected on the oj)p()site bank\\nof the river. It would api)ear that while the Ottawas were in Albany they\\nhad been persuaded by the English, who even then wished to obtain pos-\\nsession of the post of their rivals, that it was the design of the French to\\nwrest the dominion of the country from their hands; and they accordingly\\nset lire to the town, but without success, as the fire was soon extinguished.\\nAt this time, also, groups of savages of the same tribe, having made a suc-\\ncessful expediti(jn against their enemies t\u00c2\u00abhe Iro(]Uois, and warm with vic-\\ntory, were seen paraded in hostile array in front of the fort but M. Tonti,\\nwho was the commandant of the post, despatching the Sieur de Vincennes\\nagainst them, he dispersed their bands, and rescued the Iroquois prisoners\\nwhom tliey left behind them in their flight.\\nThe [)rogress of operations on the lake shores was not at this period\\nmarked with any very great interest, as the settlements were few but they\\nrcHect, nevertheless, the spirit which prevailed in France during their con-\\ntinuance. The lands lay sleeping in their original silence and solitude, un-\\nlisturbed by the plough. Occasionally the settlers may have been surprised\\nl)y their ancient enemies the Iroquois, but the a])pearancc of parts of these\\nnations excited a surprise which soon settled down into peace. But in 1712\\nthe Ottagamies or Foxes, who had been before but little known, but who\\nwere ])robal)ly in secret alliance with the Iroquois, projected a plan for the\\ndestruction of Detroit. They made their arrangements in secret, and sent\\ntheir bands to collect around the new French settlement, which was then\\ngarrisoned by a force of twenty soldiers, of whom ]VL Du Buisscm Avas the\\ncommandant. The occupation of the three French villages of Indians, the\\nOttawas. Pottowatomies, and Ilurons, were then absent on a hunting excur-\\nsion. A converted Indian, however, under the influence of a Jesuit mis-\\nsionary, disclosed their plot bef n c it was ripe for execution, and Du Buisson\\nimmediately sent despatches through the forest to call in the aid of the\\nfriendly Indians, and prej)ared for an eti ective defence.\\nOn the loth of May of that year the Foxes made their onset upon Detroit\\nwith tiendish yells. No sooner, however, was the attack commenced, than\\njiortious of the friendly Indians were seen through the wilderness, painted\\nfor battle as is their custom, and the gates of the fort were oi)ened to receive\\nthem. A consultation was now held at the council-house, and they renewed\\ntheir league with Du Buisson, and expressed their determination, if ueces-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "26 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nsary, t die in the defence of the post. On the arrival of the friendly In-\\ndians, the Foxes retreated to the forest which until lately adjoined the bound-\\nary of Detroit, and intrenched themselves in their camp.\\nThe French then sallied out i rom the fort, and, backed by their savage\\nallies, erected a bhjckhouse in front of their camp, in order to f(jrce the en-\\nemy from their position. Here the latter were closely besieged being cut\\noff from their sui)ply of water, and, driven to desperation by thirst and fa-\\nmine, they in turn rushed out from their strongholds upon the French and\\nthe friendly Indians, and succeeded in getting possession of a house near the\\nvillage. This house they fortified, but they were here attacked by the\\nFrench cannon, and driven back to their former intrenchment.\\nFinding that their league was likely to prove unsuccessful, the Foxes now-\\nsent despatches to the French comnuindant asking for peace, which was de-\\nnied them. Upon this they considered themselves insulted, and, burning\\nwith revenge, they discharged showers of blazing arrows upon the fort. The\\nlighted matches they had affixed to their arrows coming into contact with\\nthe dry roofs of the houses, kindled them into flame, when the precaution\\nwas taken to cover the rest with wet skins, and by this means they were\\npreserved. The desperation of the Foxes almost discouraged the French\\ncommandant, and he had nearly determined to evacuate Detroit and to re-\\ntire to Michilimackinac, when his Indian allies promised to redouble their\\nefforts for his defence and the war-songs and dances of their bands, heard\\nthrough the solitude of the forest, assured him that a more desperate effort\\nwas about to be nu^de in his behalf. The preparations having been finished,\\nthe French and Indians advanced upon the Foxes with more determined\\ncourage, and, pouring upon their intrenchments a deadly fire, they were soon\\nfilled with the dying and the dead. Once more the Foxes demanded peace.\\nBefore any capitulation, however, was com})leted, the enemy i-etreated tcr\\nwards Lake St. Clair during a storm at midnight, on the nineteenth day of\\nthe siege.\\nThe French and their Indian allies, as soon as they discovered their flight,\\nprepared for a pursuit, and soon came upon their camps. An action began,\\nwhich at the outset was in favor of the Foxes, the French and Indians being\\nrepulsed. But a different plan of operation was soon after adopted, and with\\nbetter success. At the end of three days a field battery was completed, and\\nthe intrenchment of the Foxes fell before the French cannon.\\nThe Foxes may be considered the Ishmaelites of the wilderness, for they\\nwere at enmity with all the tribes on the lakes. They collectetl their forces\\non the Fox river of Green Bay, where they commanded the territory between\\nthe lakes and the Mississippi, so that it was dangerous for travellers to pass\\nthrough that region except in large bodies and armed, while their warriors\\nwere sent[out to seek objects of plunder and devastation. So great was the\\ndanger apprehended by the missionaries and traders of i)assing through that\\nterritory, as well as by the French settlers, and so great the injury already\\ndone by those tribes, that an expedition was fitted out against them by the\\nFrench, backed by their Indian allies, who were rankling under a sense of\\nrepeated wrongs. This warlike nation had stationed itself on the banks of\\nthe Fox river, at a place then and now called by the French Biifte den\\nMoris, or the Hill of the Dead, defending their position by a ditch and three\\ncourses of palisades. Here they collected their women and children, and\\nprepared for a desperate resistance. INI. de Louvigny, the coiunuuidant of\\nthe expedition, perceiving the strength of their works, determined not to\\nexj)ose his men by a direct attack, but entered upon a regular siege, and\\nwas prei)anng for the final crisis when the Foxes i)ro{)osed a capitulation.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSTOXARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 27\\nThis was accepted; and the pride of the Foxc?; being thus humbled, they\\nsank into obscurity durinj.^ the renuiinder of the French war.\\nThus it is seen that, although the few French forts upon the lakes were\\nrudely constructed, and but poorly ada{)ted to make a serious and etiective\\ndefence, they were nevertheless competent, with their snuill garrisons, to\\n})rotect the emigrants against the disaliected tribes whi; li were I rom time to\\ntime arrayed against them. The jjickets which surrounded them, composed\\nof upright stakes, furnished a line of concealment rather than strong bul-\\nworks, and, together with the light cannon with which they were UKmnted,\\nenabh d the French to suppress the disturbances that occasionally sprang\\nup around their j)osts.\\nThe early missionaries and French travellers who journeyed through the\\nregion of tlie lakes exhibit a ])eculiar form of character. Tinctured with\\nthe spirit which prevailed in France at the period of their immigration, the\\nnovel scenes around them impressed them with those sentiments of romance\\nso peculiar to tiie French. They show the si)irit under which the missiona-\\nries and soldiers travelled, and the ehxpience with which the scenes around\\nthem tended to inspire their minds.\\nThe forests amitl which their lot was cast were calculated to fill them\\nwith wtmder and admiration. A vast chain of hdand seas, which a])peared\\nto them like oceans, stretched a watery horizon along the borders of the\\nwilderness. Flocks of water-fowl of varied plunuige streamed along the\\nshores of the lakes, and the waters swarmed with fish. The face of nature,\\nfresh in the luxuriance of a virgin soil, was everywhere clothed with mag-\\nnificent vegetation. Did they travel through the Indian trails or bridle-\\n[laths which wound through the forest, extensive tracts of oaklands, that\\nseemed like cultivated parks, met their eye, studded with little crystal lakes\\nand streams and covered with flowers. Herds of bufialoes wandered over\\nthe i)rairies, trampling down the flowers which blushed in their track as\\nthey rushed on in clumsy motion. Great numbers of moose and elk, which\\nin the size of their horns almost rivalled the l^ranches of the trees, bounded\\nthrough the thickets. Deer were here and there seen feeding upon the mar-\\ngin of the water-courses. Flocks of wihl turkeys and other game filled the\\nwoods the prairies were alive with grouse, and pigeons swept along like\\nclouds above the forest, in numbers which sometimes almost hid the sun.\\nBut more than this, they beheld in the luxuriance of the soil a })rize\\nwhich, if judiciously managed, would be a source of inexhaustible wealth\\nto their nation. Rich clusters of grapes hung from the trees, which re-\\nminded them of the champaign districts (^f France from which they emi-\\ngrated and ai)ples and plums, crude to the taste, but that by culture might\\nbe much impi oved, abounded in the groves.\\nLake Erie, says La H(jnton, who commanded a fi^rt uptm it in 1688,\\nis jvistly dignified with the illustrious name of Couti fi)r assuredly it Ls\\ntlie tinest upon earth. You may judge of the goodness of the climate from\\nthe latitude of the countries that surround it. Its circumference extends to\\ntwo hundred and thirty leagu(\\\\ but it aflords everywhere a charming i)ros-\\nl)ect, and its shores are decked with oak trees, elms, chestnut trees, walnut,\\napple, plum trees, and vines which bear their fine clusters up to the very\\nto])s of the trees, upon a sort of ground that lies as smooth as one s hand.\\nSuch ornaments as these are sufficient to give rise to the most agreeable idea\\nof a landscape in the world. I cannot exj)ress what iiuantities of deer and\\nturkeys are to be found in these woods, aud in the vast meadows that lie\\nupon the south side of the lake. At the foot of the lake we fiml wild\\nbeeves (buffaloes,) upon the banks of two pleasant streams that disembogue", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "28 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ninto it without cataracts or rapid currents. It abounds Avitli sturgeon and\\nAvliitefish, but trouts are very scarce in it, as well as the other fish that we\\ntake in the Lakes of Hurons^ (Huron) and Illinese (Michigan.) It is clear\\nof shelves, rocks, and banks of sand, and has fourteen or fifteen fathoms\\nwater. The savages assure us that it is never disturbed by high winds\\nexcept in the months of December, January, and February, and even then\\nbut seldom, Avhich I am very apt to believe, for we had very few storms\\nwhen I wintered in my fort in 1688, though the fort lay open to the Lake\\nof Hurons. The banks of this lake are commonly frequented by none but\\nwarriors, whether the Iroquese, the Illinese, the Oumamies, c., and it is\\nvery dangerous to stop there. By this means it comes to pass that the stags,\\nroebucks, and turkeys run in great bodies up and down the shore all around\\nthe lake. In former times the Errironons and the Andastogueronons lived\\nupon the confines of the lake but they were extirpated by the Iroquese, as\\nwell as the other nations marked on the map.\\nCharlevoix, who travelled through the region of the lakes in 1720 as an\\naccredited agent of the French government, gives an account equally inter-\\nesting respecting the condition of the country at the time when he wrote.\\nThe first of June being the day of Pentecost, says he, after having trav-\\nelled up a beautiful river for the space of an hour, which has its rise, as\\nthey say, at a great distance, and runs between two fine meadows, we passed\\nover a carrying-place of about sixty paces in breadth, in order to avoid\\nturning round a point which is called the Long Point. It is a very sandy\\nspot of ground, and naturally bears a great quantity of vines. The follow-\\ning days I saw nothing remarkable, but coasted along a charming country,\\nhid at times by very disagreeable prospects, Avhich, however, arc of no great\\nextent. Wherever l went ashore I was enchanted by the beauty and vari-\\nety of a prospect which was terminated by the noblest forests in the world.\\nAdd to this, that every part of it swarms with water-fowl. I cannot say\\nAvhether the woods afford game in equal pi ofusion, but I well know that on\\nthe south side there is a prodigious quantity of buffaloes. Were we all to sail\\nas I then did, with a serene sky, in a most charming climate, and in water\\nas clear as that of tjie purest fountain were we sure of finding everywhere\\nsecure and agreeable places to pass the night in, where we might enjoy the\\npleasure of hunting at a small expense, breathe at our ease the purest air,\\nand enjoy the prospect of the finest countries in the universe, we might pos-\\nsibly be tempted to travel to the end of our days. I recalled to mind those\\nancient patriarchs who had no fixed place of abode who lived in tents\\nwho were, in a manner, the masters of all the countries they passed through\\nand who enjoyed in peace and tranquillity all their productions, without the\\nplague inevitable in the possession of a real and fixed estate. How many\\noaks represented to me that of Mamre! How many fountains put me in\\nmind of that of Jacob! Each day a new situation, chosen at pleasure; a\\nneat and commodious house, built and furnished with all necessaries in less\\nthan a quarter of an hour, and floored with a pavement of flowers continu-\\nally springing up on a carpet of the most beautiful green on all sides sim-\\nple and natural beauties, unadulterated and inimitable by any art.\\nCharlevoix at that early period visited Detroit for the purpose of viewing\\nthe young colony, where lie recommended that an accession should l)e made\\nto the strength of the infimt settlement from INIontreal. This addition to\\ntheir power was a])i)roved of by the Frencli, on the ground tliat it would\\nsecure them the fur-trade, then too nuich within reacli of the English of\\nNew York. He also attended, while here, a council of tlie chiefs of the\\nthree villages near Detroit, Avhere the question was discussed whether it was", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH MISSIOXARIES AND TRAVELLERS. 29\\nproper to introduce brandy anioncr the Indians, a practice which the Jesuits\\nlinally succeeded in abolishing. In alhiding to Detroit, he says, It is pre-\\ntended tliat tliis is the finest part of all Canada and really, if we can judge\\nappearances, nature seems to have denied it nothing which can contrib-\\nute to make a country delightful hills, meadows, fields, lofty forests, rivu-\\nlets, fountains, rivers, and all of them so excellent in their kind, and so\\nhappily blended as to equal the most romantic wishes. The lands, however,\\nare not equally proper for every kind of grain but most are of a wonderful\\nfertility, and I have known some produce good wheat for eighteen years\\nrunning without any manure; and, besides, all of them are proper for some\\nparticular use. The islands seem placed on purpose for the ])lcasure of the\\nprospect, the river and lake abound in fish, the air is pure, and the climate\\ntemperate and extremely wholesome.\\nThe Jesuit being recpiested by Tonti to visit the great council at Detroit,\\nconsented to do so on the day of his arrival and his account of that council\\nIs here transcribed\\nOn the 7th of June, which was the day of my arrival at the fort, CDe-\\ntroit,) IMons. de Tonti, who commands here, assembled the chiefs of the three\\nvillages I have just mentioned, in order to communicate to them the orders\\nhe had received from the JMarquis do Vaudreuil. They heard him calmly\\nand with(jut interruption. When he had done speaking, the orator of the\\nHurons told him in a few words that they were going to consult about what\\nhe had proposed to them, and would give him their answer in a short time.\\nIt is the custom of the Indians not to give an immediate answer on an affair\\nof any importance. Two days afterward -they assembled at the comman-\\ndant s, w^ho w-as desirous I should be present at this council, together with\\nthe officers of the garrison. Sasteratfi, whom the French call King of the\\nHurons, and who is, in fact, hereditary chief of the Tionnontatez, who are\\nthe true Hurons, was also present on this occasion l)ut as he is still a minor,\\nhe came only for form s sake: his uncle, who governs in his name, and who\\nis called regent, spoke in quality of orator of the nation. Now the honor\\nof s})cakiug in the name of the whole is generally given to some Huron,\\nwhen any of them happen to be of the council. The first view of their\\nassemblies gives you no great idea of the body. Imagine to yourself, mad-\\name, half a score of savages almost stark naked, with their hair dispose l\\nin as many different manners as there arc persons in the assembly, and all\\nof them equally ridiculous some with laced hats, all with pipes in their\\nThese travellers were not, nor could they be expected to be, in all cases accurate,\\nfrom their rapid passage through the Western territory; but in their accounts of their\\nown experience we derive much vahiable information of its actual condition during the\\ntime when they wrote. Glimpses of wild beasts which they had never before seen,\\nvegetable productions whose names they did not know, fragments of facts collected\\nfrom the accounts of the Indians, always exaggerated and seldom authentic, passed in\\nrapid succession before their minds, while they journeyed onward in bewildered amaze-\\nment, through rivers, lakes, forests, and Indian camps; and their impressions, thus\\ncolored and distorted, found their way into their books. But, taken as a whole, their\\naccounts are as accurate as could be expected, considering the circumstances under\\nwhich they wrote. If. for example, the zealous Marquette depicts wingless swans\\nas floaling upon the Mississippi; if Hennepin describes wild goats^ upon the shores\\nof Lake Erie if La Honton discourses upon the Long River, and Charlevoix alludes\\nto the citrons as growing upon the banks of the Detroit, we are disposed to attrib-\\nute their inaccuracies less to intentional misrepresentation than to natural and obvious\\nmistake. Accurate observation and minute care are required to establish with perfect\\ncorrectness the facts connected with any country, and he who should look to early\\nrecords for historical matter will find much chaff to be winnowed from the genuine and\\ngolden wheat.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmouths, and with the most unthinking faces. It is, besides, a rare thing to\\nhear one utter so much as a single word in a quarter of an hour, or to hear\\nany answer made even in monosyllables not the least mark of distinction,\\nnor any respect paid to any person whatsoever. We should, however, be apt\\nto change our opinions of them on hearing the result of their deliberations.\\nThis, as is described by Charlevoix, was the general mode in which the\\nIndian councils were held with the French upon the lakes when c^uestions\\nof importance were to be decided. It was necessary to secure the concur-\\nrence of the savages in every measure of policy, so that these tribes should\\nco-operate with them in carrying it into efl ect.\\nCOLONIAL PIONEERS.\\nThe posts of the French upon the lakes, while the Western Territory was\\nunder their government, exhil)it a eculiar form of character, combined\\nwith institutions no less singular. The few feeble colonies that were scat-\\ntered through this territory had emigrated principally from Britanny and\\nNormandy, provinces of France. Working men, drawn from the more\\ndense settlements around Quebec and Montreal, the seats of the bishops,\\nthe seigneurs, and the Jesuits, were sent out for the purpose of build-\\ning up the ])osts, and of protecting the fur-trade carried on through the\\nchain of the great lakes. Despatched for these objects, they were expected\\nto endure cheerfully the hardships they would be called on to encounter in\\ntheir establishment. The po})ulation assembled at these posts consisted of\\nthe military by which they were garrisoned, Jesuits, priests, merchants,\\ntraders, and peasants. But a small portion of this population, however,\\nwas stationary. It was moved from place to place, as the interests of the\\nFrench government seemed to require.\\nThe French commandants at these posts were the most prominent indi-\\nviduals, and, with their garrisons, constituted a little monarchy Avithin\\nthemselves. Their power was arbitrary, extending to the right of doing\\nwhatever they might deem expedient for the welfare of the settlements,\\nwhether in making laws or in punishing crimes. Under this simple and\\nimperfect form of government, the oldest merchants residing at the several\\nposts were reverenced as the head men of their particular colony. Careful\\nand frugal in their habits, without nuich of what we should call rigid\\nvirtue, it was their policy to exercise their influence among the settlers with\\npaternal mildness, that they might secure their obedience, to keep on good\\nterms with the Indians in order to retain their trade, and they often fostered\\na large number of half-breed children around their posts, who were the\\noff-spring of their licentiousness.\\nThe Coureurn den Bois, or rangers of the woods, were either French or\\nhalf-breeds, a hardy race, accustomed to labor and privation, and thor-\\noughly conversant with the character and habits of the savage tribes from\\nwhich they obtained their furs and peltry. They could, with no less skill\\nthan the Indians, ply the oar of the light canoe upon the waters of the\\nlakes, were equally dexterous in hunting and trapping, and, as they\\npointed their rifles at the squirrel on the top of the tallest tree, they could\\nconfldently say to their ball, like the ancient warrior, to the right eye.\\nThese half-breeds generally spoke the language both of their French and\\nIndian parents, and knew just enough of their religion to be alike regard-\\nless of that of each. Employed by the Frencli companies as voyageurs or\\nguides, their forms, which were midels of manly beauty, were develo])ed to\\ngreat strength by proj)elling the canoe along the lakes and rivers, and by", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "COLONIAL PIONEERS. 31\\ncarrying heavy packs of morchandi.se for the fur-trade across the portages,\\nby means of leather straps, suspended from their shoulders or resting\\nagainst their foreheads. From having travelled through numerous points\\nof the wilderness, they became familiar with the trails of the most remote\\nIndian tribes, and with the dej)th of the water in every inlet and stream\\nof the lakes, as well as with every island, rock, and shoal. Their ordinary\\ndress W as a moleton or blanket-coat, a red ca]), a belt of cloth passed\\naround the middle, and a loose shirt. Sometimes, in tlieir voyages through\\nthe lakes they Vore a brown coat or cloak, with a cape which could be\\ndrawn up from their shoulders over their heads like a hood. At other\\ntimes they liad on elkskin trowsers, the seams of which were ornamented\\nwitli fringes, a surtout of coarse blue cloth reaching to the calf of the leg,\\na scarlet-colored worsted sash fastened ab(jut the waist, in which was stuck\\na broad knife, employed in dissecting the animals taken in hunting, and\\nmoc(;asins made of buckskin. Atfal)le, gay, and active, these men were\\nemj)loyed l)y the French merchants either as guides, canoemen, carriers, or\\ntraders, to advance into the wilderness and procure their furs from the\\nIndians, to transport them along the lakes and streams, and lodge them in\\nthe several depots or factories which were established in connection with\\nthe French forts.\\nThe peasants, or that lass of the lake settlers who cultivated small patches\\nof ground within the narrow circle of their j)icket-fences, were few. Their\\ndress was jieculiar and I ven wild. They wore surtouts of coarse blue cloth,\\nfastened at the middle with a red sash, a scarlet woollen cap containing a\\nscalping-kuife, and n)occasins made of deerskin, ivilization and barbar-\\nism were here strangely mingled. Groups of Indians from the remotest\\nshores of the lakes, wild in their garb, would occasionally make their a])-\\npearance at the settlements with numerous canoes laden with l)eaver-skins,\\nwhich they had l)r(\u00c2\u00bbughtdown to these [)laces of deposit. Among them were\\nintermixed the P rench soldiers of the garrison, with their blue coats turned\\nup with white facings, and the Jesuits, with their long gowns and black\\nbands, from which were suspended by silver chains the rosary and crucilix,\\nwho, with the priests, had their stations around the forts, and ministered in\\nthe chapels.\\nAgriculture was but little encouraged by the policy of the fur-trade or the\\ncharacter of the jiopulation. It was confined to a few patches of Indian\\ncorn and wheat, which they rudely cultivated, with little knowledge of cor-\\nrect husbandry. They ground their grain in windmills, whicii were scat-\\ntered along the banks of Detroit river and the St. Clair lake. The recrea-\\ntions of the French colonists consisted in attending the religious ser\\\\ ices\\nheld in the fude chajiels on the borders of the wilderness, in adorning their\\naltars with wild tlowers, in dancing to the sound of the violin at each other s\\nhouses, in hunting the deer through the oak-land openings, and in paddling\\ntheir light canoes across the ck:ar and silent streams. The women em-\\nployed themselves in making coarse cotton and woollen cloths for the Indian\\ntrade. In their cottages were hung rude pictures of saints, the Madonna\\nand child, and the leaden crucifix supplied the place of one of silver.\\nAbundance of game straved in the woods, and the waters were alive with\\nfish.\\nAs these immigrnnts were sent out by the French Government, they were\\nprovided by its direction, through the commissariat department, with can-\\nvass fir tents, hoes, axes, sickle^, guns, so many pounds of imwder, and meat,\\nwith the stipulation that these should be paid for when a certain quantity\\nof land had been cleared.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "32 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThe Jesuits, who were the most active agents in the exploration of these\\nregions, were, as a class, persons of highly-cultivated and intelligent minds\\nand of polished manners. The narratives of their wanderings through the\\nwilderness throw a coloring of romance around the prairies, and forests, and\\nlakes, which amounts almost to a classic spirit yet they have left upon the\\nlake-shores but few. monuments either of their benevolence or their enter-\\nprise. The success of the Jesuits among the Indians was small compared\\nwith the extent of their labors. By the savages these Catholic missionaries\\nwere regarded as medicine-men and jugglers, on Avhom the destiny of life\\nand death depended and, although they were greatly feared, they succeed-\\ned in nuiking but few converts to their religious faith, excepting young chil-\\ndren or Indians just about to sink into their graves.\\nThe administration of the law around these scattered posts was founded\\non mi compact and settled system. The Couhnne de Paris, or custom of\\nParis, was the law of Canada but this code, although it was received and\\npractised upon in the older and more populous settlements of the lower pro-\\nvince, was not adopted and enforced with any degre,e of uniformity or strict-\\nness among the more distant colonists. .The commandants of the posts had\\nthe principal cognizance of the population around them, and exercised their\\nauthority in a mild though arbitrary manner. Indeed, such was the feudal\\ncharacter of this law, that the French ])aid a willing and implicit obedience\\nto their commandants, who, being invested with unlimited power, were styled\\nthe governors of the posts. A perfect system of law can exist only where\\nthere ^s sufficient intelligence to mark out and determine the rule of right,\\nand sufficient moral power to enforce it. A register was kept, in which the\\ncharacter and circumstances of the colonists were recorded, and in which\\nthe Jesuit or the commandant of the post might inspect the condition of each\\none as upon a map. There was here no system of education like that which\\nprevailed in New England and all the knowledge acquired by the chil-\\ndren of the colonists was obtained from the priests and related to the tenets\\nof the Catholic Church.\\nA singular form of character was also thrown around the territory by the\\nmvthology of the savages. The Indians had not only their good Manitos,\\nbut their evil spirits and the wild features of the lake scenery appears to\\nhave impressed their savage minds with superstition. They believed that\\nall- the prominent points of this wide region were created and guarded by\\nmonsters and the inuiges of these they sculptured on stone, painted upon\\nthe rocks, or carved upon the trees. Those who obeyed these supernatural\\nbeings, they thought, would after death range among flowery fields filled\\nwith the choicest game, while those who neglected their counsels would wan-\\nder amid dreary solitudes, stung by gnats as large as pigeons.\\nThe plan of distributing the land was calculated to prevent the settlement\\nof the country. A law was passed requiring the houses of the inliabitants\\nto be ]aced upon ground with a front of only one acre and a half and run-\\nning forty acres back. This kept the settlements in a close line along the\\nbanks of the streams. A feudal and aristocratic spirit also controlled the\\nerants of land. The commandants of the forts had the power to convey\\nlands, with the permission of the governor-general of Canada, subject to the\\nconfirnuitioii of the King of France, the right of shooting hares, rabbits, and\\npartridiios l)oiiig reserved to the grantor. The grantee was bound to clear\\nand inii)n)ve the land within three years from the date of his deed. The\\ntimber that might be necessary for the construction of fortifications or ves-\\nsels was reserved and no person was permitted to Avork upon his land at\\nthe trade of a l)lacksmitli, gunsmith, armorer, or brewer but on pain of for-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "COLONIAL PIONEERS. 33\\nfeiture. He was forbidden the trafficking in spiritous liquors with the In-\\ndians and, what Avas the most singular requisition of all, he Avas bound to\\nplant or assist in planting a long Maypole at the door of the principal manor\\non the first of j\\\\Iay in each year. Such were the feudal features of this sys-\\ntem, equally opposed to the increase of the settlements, to freedom, and in-\\ndependence. How striking is the contrast between this system and the {hA-\\niey of our American laws now acting on the soil, which, by furnishing land\\ncheap, offer every encouragement to agriculture, and thus freely open the\\ntreasures of the earth to the labors of our hardy and enterprising citizens.\\nAs early as 1749, the post of Detroit and the others upon the Northwest-\\nern lakes, ^Michilimackinac, Ste. Marie, and St. Joseph, received an acces-\\nsion of immigrants. The last two were called after the saints of those names\\nin the Catholic calendar. JMichilimackinac derives its name from the In-\\ndian words Michi-mac ldnac, meaning a great turtle, from its supposed resem-\\nblance to that animal, or from the Chipi)ewa Avords Miehine-maukmonk,s\\\\g-\\nnifying the place of giant fairies, who were supposed by Indian superstition\\nto hover over the Avaters around that beautiful island. The origin of the\\nname of Detroit is the French Avord Detroit, signifying a strait, because the\\npost Avas situated on the strait connecting I^ake Erie Avith Lake St. Clair.\\nDuring the Avhole period of the French domination, extending from the\\nfirst settlement of the country down to the year 1700, the traffic of Michigan\\nAvas confined principally to the trade in furs. This interesting traffic upon\\nthe great lakes Avas carried cm by the French under peculiar circumstances.\\nAs the forests of the lake region abounded Avith furs Avhich Avcre of great\\nvalue in the mother-country, it became an important object Avith the Cana-\\ndian government to prosecute that trade Avith all the energy in its poAver.\\nThe rich furs of the beaver and otter A\\\\ ere particularly valuable, from the\\ngreat demand for them in Europe. Large canoes made of bark and strong-\\nly constructed AA ere despatched annually to the lakes laden Avith packs of\\nEuropean merchandise, consisting of blankets, printed calicoes, ribbons, cut-\\nlery, and trinkets of various kinds, Avhich the Indians used, and Detroit,\\nMicliilinuickinac, and Ste. Marie Avere their principal places of deposit.\\nTo secure the interests of the large com{)anies, licenses for this trade AA ere\\ngranted by the governor-general of Canada to the merchants, Avho sometimes\\nsold them to the coureurs des bois. The possessor of one of these licenses\\nwas entitled to load tAvo large canoes, each of Avhich Avas manned by six\\nmen. The cargo of one of these canoes Avas valued at about a thousand\\neroAvns. This merchandise Avas sold to the traders on a credit, and at about\\nfifteen per cent. adA ance on the price it Avould command in ready money.\\nBut the voyages Avere very ])rofitablc, and there Avas generally a gain of\\nabout one hundred per cent, on the sum invested in the enterprise. The\\ntraders endured most of the fatigue and the merchants received most of the\\nprofit. On the return of one of these expeditions, six hundred croAvns AA ere\\ntaken by the merchant for his license and as he had sold the thousand\\ncroAvns Avorth of goods at their prime cost, from this sum he also deducted\\nforty per cent, for bottomry the remainder Avas then divided among the\\nsix coureurs de.s bois, Avho Avere thus left Avith but a small compensation for\\nall their perils and hardship.\\nThe cfliireiirs des io/xAvere the active agents of the fur-trade. Thoroughly\\nacquainted with the navigation of the lakes, they fearlessly SAvept along the\\nAvaters of these inland seas, encamping at night ujMm its shores. Of mixed\\nAvhite and Indian blood, they formed the connecting link betAveen civiliza-\\ntion and barbarism. Their dre.ss Avas also demi-savage. LiA cly and san-\\nguine, they were at all times ready to join the Indians in the dance, or pay\\nC", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "34 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nrespect to their ceremonies. Their French fathers had familiarly associated\\nwith the native tribes, and their mothers and wives were the inmates of\\nIndian camps. In many respects their character resembled that of mari-\\nners upon the ocean, for the same general causes might be said to operate\\nupon both. Instead of navigating the high seas in ships tossed by storms,\\nand ploughing the waves from port to port, it was their lot to propel their\\nlight canoes over the fresh-water seas of the forest where, hurried from one\\nIndian village to another, like the mariner on the ocean, they acquired all\\nthose habits which belong to an unsettled and wandering life.\\nAdvancing to the remote shores of Lake Su]ierior or Lake Michigan, and\\nfollowing the courses of the rivers which flow into them, as soon as they\\nreached the points where the Indians were in the habit of resorting, they at\\nonce encamped. Here they opened their packages of goods, exhibited them\\nto their savage customers, and exchanged them for furs and, having dis-\\nposed of all their merchandise, and loading their canoes with the peltries it\\nhad procured, they bade adieu to their Indian friends, and started on their\\nvoyage back, with feathers stuck in their hats, keeping time with their pad-\\ndles to the Canadian boat-song.\\nLa Honton, in his Journal, which was published in France, and a trans-\\nlation of which was afterward puljlished in this country, gives an interesting\\naccount of the fur-trade, showing the general course of that traffic while the\\nCanadas were under the French. The author resided at Montreal. At this\\ntime (1688 Michiliniackinac was the principal stopping place for the traders\\non their way from I\\\\Iontreal or Detroit to the forests bordering on Lake Su-\\nperior. Here their goods were deposited, and here the furs were collected\\nfor their return freight. Sometimes, however, the traders, accompanied by\\nnumerous canoes of the Ottawas, would proceed directly to the older settle-\\nments on the St. Lawrence, where they supposed they might be able to dis-\\npose of their cargoes to greater advantage than at the interior posts.\\nThe following is La Hontou s account of the fur-trade at the period re-\\nferred to\\nMuch about the same day, says he, there arrived twenty-five or thirty\\ncanoes, being homeward bound from the great lakes, and laden with beaver-\\nskins. The cargo of each canoe amounted to forty packs, each of Avhich\\nweighs fifty pounds, and will fetch fifty crowns at the farmer s office. The^e\\ncanoes were followed by fifty more of the Ottawas and Hurons, who come\\ndown every year to the colony in order to make a bettor market than they\\ncan do in their own country of Michiliniackinac, which lies on the banks of\\nthe Lake of Hurcnis, at the mouth of the Lake of Illinese (Michigan Their\\nway of trading is as follows\\nUpon their arrival they encamp at the distance of five or six hundred\\npaces from the town. The first day is spent in ranging their canoes, unload-\\ning their goods, and pitching their tents, which arc made of birch bark.\\nThe next day they demand audience of the governor-general, which is\\ngranted them that same day, in a public place.\\nUpon this occasion each nation makes a ring for itself. The savages sit\\nupon the gnjund with pipes in their mouths, and the governor is seated in\\nan arm-chair; after which there starts uji an orator or speaker from one of\\nthese nations, who makes an harangue importing that his brethren arc come\\nto visit the governor-general, to renew with him their wcmted friendship;\\nthat their chief view is to promote the interest of the French, some of Avhom\\nbeing unacquainted with the way of traffic, and being too weak for the trans-\\nporting of goods from the lakes, would be unable to deal in beaver-skins if\\nhis brethren did not come in person to deal with them in their own colonics.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "STRUGGLE BETWEEX FRANCE AND ENGLAND. 35\\nThat they knew very well how acceptable their arrival is to the inhabitants\\nof Montreal, in regard of the advantage they reap from it that, in regard\\nto the beaver-skins, they were much valued in France, and the French goods\\ngiven in exchange were of an inconsiderable value; and that they mean to\\ngive the French sufKcient proof of their readiness to furnish them with what\\nthey desire so earnestly.\\nThat, by way of j^reparation for another year s cargo, they are come to\\ntake in exchange fusees, and powder and ball, in order to hunt great num-\\nbers of beavers, or to gall the Iroquese in case they offered to distui b the\\nFrench settlements; and, in fine, in confirmation of their words, that tliey\\nthrow a porcelain collar (belt of wampum), with some beaver-skiiis, to the\\nkitchi-okima (so they call the governor-general), whose protection they laid\\nclaim to in case of any r()l)bcry or abuse committed upon them in tlic town.\\nThe spokesman having mad( an end of his speech, returns to his place and\\ntakes up his pipe, and tlie interpreter explains the substance of the harangue\\nto the governor, Avho comnKmly gives a very civil answer, especially if the\\npresents be valuable, in consideration of which he likewise makes tliem a\\npresent of some trifling things. This done, the savages rise up and return\\nto their huts, to make suitable preparation for the ensuing truck.\\nThe next day the savages make their slaves carry the skins to the houses\\nof the merchants, who bargain with them for such clothes as they want.\\nAll the inhabitants of jMontreal are allowed to traffic with them in any\\ncommodity but rum and brandy, these two being excepted upon the account\\nthat when the savages have got what they want, and have any skins left,\\nthey drink to excess, and then kill their slaves for when they are in drink\\nthey quarrel and figlit, and if they were not held by those who are sober,\\nwould certainly make havoc one of another. HoAvever, you must observe\\nthat none of them will toucli either gold or silver. As soon as the savages\\nhave made an end of their truck, they take leave of the governor, and so\\nreturn home by the river Ottawas. To conclude, they do a great deal of\\ngood, both to the poor and rich, for you will readily apprehend that every-\\nbody turns merchant upon such occasions.\\nTo the question what was the condition of the Northwest territory when\\nit was claimed and occupied by France, we can furnish a ready answer.\\nIt was a vast ranging-ground f r the numerous Indian tribes, wIk^ roamed\\nover it in all the listless indolence of their savage independence; of the\\nJesuit missionaries, who, under the garb of their religious orders, strove to\\ngain the influence of the red men in behalf of their Government as well as\\ntheir Church, by their conversion to the Catholic faith the theatre of the\\nmost important military operations of the French soldiers at the West; and\\nthe grand mart where the furs, wliich were deemed the most valuable pro-\\nducts of this region, were collected for shipment to France, under a com-\\nmercial system which was originally projected by the Cardinal de Richelieu.\\nThe condition of a country, although often in some measure modified by\\nthe nature of the climate and the soil, is more generally founded u])on the\\ncharacter of the people and that of its laws. This is clearly exiiibited in\\nthe case of the Northwest; fir while that domain was rich in all the natural\\nadvantages that could be furnished by tne soil, it was entirelv barren of all\\nthose moral and intellectual fruits springing from bold and energetic charac-\\nter, directed by a free, enlightened, and wholesome system of jurisj)rudence.\\nSTRUGGLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND FOR POSSESSION\\nWhile the forests were thus reposing in the silence of nature, broken only\\nby the peaceful operations of the fur-trade, more important events were", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "36 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ntranspiring beyond their eastern boundary. From the Atlantic to Quebec,\\nFrance and England, who seemed to have transferred their hereditary\\nhatred from the Old World to the New, had been long struggling to obtain\\nundivided dominion over the northern portion of the latter. Backed by\\nIndian allies, who leagued themselves with one or the other, as they were\\ninfluenced by caprice or a desire to prostrate some hostile tribe, these two\\ngreat powers engaged in a desperate struggle for supremacy. The whole\\nof Canada, Illinois, and the territory thence to the borders of the Mississippi\\nwere then claimed by the French, Avhile the English occupied most of the\\ncountry east of the Alleghany Mountains.\\nBoth nations found efficient auxiliaries among the Indian tribes. On the\\nside of the English were the Iroquois, called by them the Six Nations.\\nThese combined tribes formed the most powerful savage confederacy then\\nexisting on the continent. It consisted of the Onondagas, the Cayugas, the\\nSenecas, the Oneidas, and the Mohawks, and in 3712 the Tuscaroras of\\nNorth Carolina were received into the league. Their domain embraced a\\nvery extensive tract of country, and from time to time it was enlarged by\\nnew conquests. They were robust and muscular, and delighted in orna-\\nmenting their persons with the finery so highly prized by the Indians, such\\nas medals, ribbons, the skins of wild beasts, and porcupine quills dyed of\\nvarious colors. They possessed great energy, decision, and perseverance,\\nand, when excited, were remarkable for the force and eloquence with which\\nthey spoke. Towards the west they claimed sujDremacy over the country\\nas far as the Mississippi, and towards the northwest as far as ITudson s Bay;\\nin short, all that was not occupied by the Southern Indians, the Sioux, the\\nKnisteneaux, and the Chippewas. Their affairs were conducted with more\\nsystem than those of the more western tribes. Every year they held a grand\\ncouncil, consisting of representatives from each nation, at Onondaga, in the\\npresent State of New York. Their youth were taught to bend the bow\\nbefore their muscles were sufficiently strong to propel the arrow to its mark,\\nand to grapple with the wild beasts of the forests as they would with the\\nFrench, or their enemies the Algonquins. The cause of their attachment to\\nthe English is not known but it was probably in part caprice, and partly\\na desire to overthrow the power of their rivals Avho have been mentioned.\\nWhen their naked and painted warriors appeared on the edge of the forest,\\nit was always a signal that mischief was at hand. We are born free: we\\nneither depend on Onondio nor Corlaer (France nor England), said Haas-\\nkouan to De la Barre in 1684, and the course they pursued was the per-\\nformance of this declaration.\\nThe Algonquins, on the other hand, were the allies of the French. The\\nterritory of this nation extended from Lake Erie along the whole chain of\\nthe upper lakes to Lake Winnepeg and Hudson s Bay on the north, and to\\nthe mouth of the Ohio river on the south. They were connected with the\\ntribes immediately east of the St. Lawrence, and with those in the interior\\nof New England. There were two powerful tribes, however, Avhieh were\\nnot connected with this league, the Hurons and the Foxes. The Hurons\\nwere of Iroquois origin; but, from causes which are not known, they had\\nsevered from that confederacy, and taken part with the French while the\\nFoxes, who were of the Algon(iuiu race, sided with the English. The causes\\nof the Friendship entertained by the Algonquins residing on the l)orders of\\nthe lakes for the former are obvious. The French mingled familiarly with\\nthem, and endeavored by all possible means to secure their good-will. The\\ntraders visited their villages and took to themselves Indian wives. The\\nJesuit missionaries erected chapels in their camps, presented to them sculp-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "STRUGGLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. 37\\nturcd images, styling them their patron saints, held the crucifix before the\\ndying, offered up their devotions with them before the picture of the Virgin,\\nand planted the cross upon their graves. The French and Indians liunted\\ntogether, lodged in the same wigwam, and drank from the same cuj). On\\nthe contrary, the English were cold, distant, and forliidding in their man-\\nners: how, then, coidd the Algonquins be friendly to them, or how the ene-\\nmies of the French\\nFor a long time these savages had been sent out into the neighboring\\nwilderness to attack the feeble settlements upon their borders, and to bring\\nback the scalps of their murdered victims. Many a spot was made wet\\nwith the blood of its unfortunate inhabitants, and many a red column of Brit-\\nish regulars wavered before the rifles of the combined French and Indians,\\ncovered by some swamp, or fighting from behind a breastwork of fallen\\ntrees. The fcjrcsts were often lighted up by the conflagration of l)urning\\nvillages, and the midnight solitude was startled liy the shrieks of I cmales\\nunder the tomahawk or scalping-knife, and mocked by human fiends, whose\\nhorrid thirst for blood Avas no less insatiable than that of the wolves which\\nhowled about their camps.\\nIt was at length determined by the British Government to make a pow-\\nerful effort to possess themselves of the French colonies. Both France and\\nEngland, it will be recollected, claimed these countries on the same grounds\\nthat is, original discovery, conquest, and appropriation.\\nIn 1757 the Earl of Chatham projected a campaign of a very formid-\\nable character against the French colonies, and the last great struggle\\nsoon conmieuced. Twelve thousand British sold vTS arrived in this country,\\nunder the command of General Amherst and, at the same time, bodies of\\nrangers, trained to tlie mode of fighting peculiar to the French and Indians,\\nand also to the hardships of the forest, or what was called the Avoods ser-\\nvice, were brought into the field under the cnnnnand of a citizen of New\\nHampshire, Major Robert Rogers, to co-operate with the British regulars\\nand the colonial troops.\\nNumerous positions having been occuj)ied along the lake shores and the\\nborders of the French colonies, in 1759 it was determined to ])ring the\\nquestion to a speedy and decisive issue. It was proposed to divide the\\nEnglish army into three parts, and to penetrate to the very heart of Canada\\nin three different directions, with a view to overthrow the French pi)wer at\\na single blow. Brigadier General Wolfe, a young and gallant officer, was\\nordered to ascend the St. Lawrence and lay siege to Quebec. The duty\\nassigned to General Amherst was to seize on Ticouderoga and Crown Point,\\nand thence to proceed by the way of Lake Champlain and the St. Law-\\nrence river to Quebec, to co-operate with General Wolfe in the siege of that\\n])lai e. The third division of the arm}-, under the command of General\\nPrideaux, was destined to attack Niagara, and, after obtaining possession\\nof it, to be embarked on Lake Ontario, and proceed against Montreal. If\\nthat city should surrender before Quebec, General Prideaux was to unite\\nliis forces with those of General Wolfe, under the walls of the latter. Gen-\\neral Amiierst, after making great exertions, was obliged to retire into\\nwinter quarters without accomplishing his object. General Prideaux, as\\nhe had been directed, advanced against Niagara, which was garrisoned by\\na budy of French troops from Detroit, Venango, and Presque Isle, and\\nsucceeded in capturing that po.st.\\nThe most difficult and important branch of the attack had been entrusted\\nIII Wolfe. Tho ICnglish fleet, having on board eight thousand men, under\\nthe conunand of this general, soon reached the Inland of Orleans, ()])posite", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "38 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nto Quebec, in the St. Lawrence river. The French force amounted to nine\\nthousand men. The English were led on by a young officer, whose war-\\ncry, like that of Nelson at a later period, was Victory or Westminster\\nAbbey. The first attack made by him was upon Montmorenci, where his\\ntroops were landed under cover of a fire from the ships-of-war. Here at\\nlast, then, on the broad St. Lawrence, Avere unfurled the hostile banners of\\nthese great rival nations. The glory of the two crowns was at stake. The\\ncross of England glowed brightly upon its crimson ground, amid martial\\nmusic, and floating above thousands of muskets glittering in the beams of\\nthe morning sun. Nor was the French force wanting in the gallantry\\nwhich distinguished their opponents. The lilies embroidered upon the folds\\nof their flag were borne aloft in triumph above hearts as brave as ever beat\\nin human bosoms. Tribes of savages were seen armed and painted for the\\nstruggle which was to decide the destinies of these mighty rivals. The\\nFrench force was commanded by a gallant and chivalrous officer, the\\nMarquis de Montcalm. Before them lay the great river of Canada beside\\nthem were the walls of Quebec, the stronghold of their power and at a\\ndistance were seen the Falls of Montmorenci, glittering like a sheet of\\nmolten silver as they tumbled from the clifl!s.\\nThe effective force under IMontcalm consisted of about ten thousand men,\\nand his position Avas defended by floating batteries and armed vessels.\\nWolfe, by way of stratagem, sailed nine miles up the river, in order to dis-\\ntract the attention of the French army when the French commander de-\\ntached M. Bougainville with a strong force to that point to prevent the\\nEnglish from landing. But about midnight the boats of the British ships\\nfloated silently down the St. Lawrence, and, being hailed by the French\\nsentinels Avho Avere stationed on its banks Avith the cry of Who comes\\nthere? the English, Avho kncAV their Avatclnvord, replied La France, and\\nAvere suffered to proceed unmolested to their point of debarcation.\\nAt about four o clock in the morning the British troops began to land,\\nnot having been discovered in their progress doAvn the river. Soon after\\nthey commenced ascending the precipitous declivity Avhich leads to the\\nHeights of Abraham. They Avere protected by two field-pieces, and their\\nfront Avas covered hy the Royal Americans, a corps raised in Ncav York and\\nNew England, as also by a reserve of one regiment and the light infantry.\\nThey soon gained the heights and prepared for battle. The Marquis de\\nMontcalm, the moment he discovered the English troops in possession of\\nthese important heights, sallied from Beauport Avith cmly a single field-piece.\\nThe two hostile armies soon met. The Canadian marksmen and Indian\\nallies, no less expert with the rifle, Avere detached by the French commander\\nto conceal themseh es among the bushes and corn-fields, from Avliieh they\\ncould most effectually annoy the enemy. The French troops advanced Avith\\ngreat firmness, although composed fi)r the most ])art of raAV and undisciplined\\nmilitia. As soon as they had reached Avithin about tAvo hundred yards of\\nthe British line, they commenced a sharp but irregular fire, supported by\\nthe Indians and the Canadian marksmen, Avho Avith their rifles did great\\nexecution. But they Avere met by that unshaken courage and obstinate de-\\ntermination Avhich are characteristic of British soldiers: and the Scotch\\nHighlanders, Avith their broadsAvords, making terril)Ie havoc in their ranks,\\nthe French columns began to Avaver. General Wolfe, in the commencement\\nof the action, received a ])u]]et in his wrist while gallantly leading his men\\nto the charge; but, winding a handkerchief al)out tlie wound, he continued\\nto fight on as though nothing had occurred. A second l)all soon after struck\\nhim in the breast, and he foil. While leaniuir his head on the shoulder of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "STRUGGLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. 39\\nhis officers, he was startled from tlie lethargy of death by shouts from his\\nranks: They fly! they fly! Who fly he faintly inquired. The\\nFrench, was the reply. Then, said he, I die liappy and his sj)irit\\nde])arted amid the thunders of the battle. The Manpiis de Montcalm, the\\ncommander of the French army, was also mortally wounded, and died a few\\ndays after the engajfement. lilonuments have been erected to these two\\nheroes in the city of Quebec. The remains of the French army, retiring to\\nMontreal, demanded a capitulation, which was granted. Accordingly, in\\nNovember, 17(50, articles of agreement were entered into between General\\nAmherst and the Marquis de Vaudreuil, by which the latter surrendered to\\nthe Crown of England Detroit, Michilimackinac, and all the posts within\\nthe government of Canada that were in possession of the French.\\nA few days after the signing of this capitulation, IMajor Ilogers was de-\\ntached by (Jeneral Amherst, at the head of a competent force, to take jiosses-\\nsiou of the distant posts on the frcmtier, to administer to the French inhab-\\nitants there the oath of allegiance, and effectually to establish the power of\\nEngland in place of that of France. He was ordered to emljark his troops\\niu boats, on Lake Erie, stopping on his way at Presque Isle, to nuike known\\nto the officer of that j)()st the instructions he had received. Pic was also the\\nbearer of despatches to Brigadier (Jenerai 3Ionkton, which he was to deliver\\nand receive from that officer his flnal orders as to the manner in which he\\nshould proceed to take possession of Detroit, Michilimackinac, and the other\\nFrench posts. Having accomplished the objects of the expedition, he was\\nto return in compliance with the orders that might be given him by General\\nMonkton, transi)ort his boats across the portage of Niagara Falls into Lake\\nOntario, where they were t;) be delivered into the hands of his commanding\\nofficer, and thence he was to march his detachment by land t All)any.\\nIn obedience to these instructions, jNIajor Ilogers embarked the force\\nassigned him in fifteen whale-boats at jMontreal. On arriving at Fort Fron-\\nteuac he met with a party of Indians who wei*e out upon a hunting excur-\\nsion, and communicated to them the first news of the capitulation. They\\nfound these savages friendly, and were supplied by them with wild fowl and\\nvenison. Soon after they fell in with another body of about fifty Indians,\\non a stream which flows into Lake Ontai-io, where they were taking salmon.\\nThey all appeared to be gratified with the intelligence that the French had\\nsurrendered the country. After arriving at Toronto, the detachment were\\nnot long in reaching Niagara, where they provided themselves with mocca-\\nsins, blankets, and such other articles as were necessary for the ex])edition.\\nProceeding on their way to Detroit they soon reached Presque Isle, from\\nwhich point Rogers embarkerl in a canoe and proceeded to the old site of\\nFort Duquesne, now called Pittsl)urg. Here he found Brigadier General\\njNIonkton, and delivered to him the despatches he had brought from General\\nAmherst. A detachment (jf Royal Americans, or colonial troops, under\\nCaptain Campbell, were marched from this post for the purpose of aiding\\nhim in so hazardous an expedition. At the same time an oflicer was ordered\\nt drive forty fat cattle from Presque I.slc to Detroit, where it was sup])osed\\nthey would be wanted by the troojis. Captain AVait was also sent back to\\nNiagara for provisions, and directed on his return to coast along the north-\\nern shore of Lake Erie and encamp about twenty miles east of Detroit.\\nThus started the first English military expedition that had ever ventured\\nupon the western shore of Lake ICrie f r the jjurpose of wresting from the\\nFrench their possessions in these distant regions.\\nAt this time api)eared Pontiac. a chief who was destined to figure largely\\niu the history of this territory at a subsequent period. Hb residence was", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "40 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPechee Island, which looks out upon the waters of Lake St. Clair, about\\neight miles above the city of Detroit. An Ottawa by birth, and belonging\\nto a tribe which claimed to be the oldest in this quarter, he was greatly\\nesteemed both by the English and French. Thus his influence was greater\\nthan that of any other individual among the lake tribes. His personal\\nqualities, indeed, were such as to ensure respect; and he possessed, more-\\nover, hereditary claims to authority, according to the customs of the Indians.\\nHis form was cast in the finest mould of savage grace and strength, and his\\neye seemed capable of penetrating at a glance the secret motives which\\nactuated the tribes around him. Such Avas Pontiac, the daring chief who\\nwas about to dispute the English claims to the territory of the lakes. He\\ncould not endure the sight of this people driving the game from his hunting-\\ngrounds, and his old friends and allies, the French, from the lands they had\\nso long possessed. Accordingly, when he was apprized that an English\\ndetachment was advancing along the lakes to take possession of the country,\\nhe could not restrain his indignation. Forthwith he despatched a body of\\nOttawas from Detroit, with a message to the English, who were then en-\\ncamped at the mouth of Chogage river, informing them that Pontiac, the\\nKing of the country where they were, was approaching, and requesting them\\nto stop until he should arrive. Pontiac, on reaching the English camp,\\ndemanded of Rogers the business on which he had come, and how he dared\\nto enter his country without his permission. Major Rogers replied that he\\nhad no designs against the Indians, and that his only object was the removal\\nof the French, who had hitherto been the means of preventing all friendly\\nrelations between his tribes and the English. Pontiac then gave him to\\nunderstand that he should stand in his path until the morning, and at the\\nsame time presented him with a small string of wampum, signifying that he\\nforbade the English detachment from advancing any farther without his\\npermission. He also told Major Rogers that if he was in Avant of any food\\nhe would send his warriors, and they should procure it for him.\\nA council having in the meantime been held, Pontiac made his appear-\\nance in the English camp the next morning, saying that he had the most\\nfriendly disposition towards the English, and he smoked the pipe of peace\\nwuth their commander. At the same time, he informed Rogers that he would\\nprotect him against a party of Indians who had stationed themselves at the\\nmouth of the Detroit river and he sent also several of his warriors to assist\\nCaptain Brewer in bringing on the cattle Avhich he Avas driving to Detroit.\\nIn addition to this, he despatched messengers to the Indians encamped on\\nthe Detroit river, and to those on the north and Avest shores of Lake Erie,\\nto inform them that he had given the English permission to pass through\\nhis territory and, still farther to evince his friendship, he supplied them\\nAvith .venisDU, Avild turkeys, and several bags of parched corn.\\nEncamping at some distance from the moutli of the Detroit river, Rogers\\ndespat(^hed tlie following letter to M. Bellestre, the French commandant at\\nDetroit\\nTo Captain Bellestre, or the Officer Commanding at Detroit:\\nSir That you may not be alarmed at the apjjroach of the English\\ntroops under my command Avhen I come to Detroit, I send forAvard this by\\nLieutenant Brheme, to acquaint you that I have General Amherst s orders\\nto take possession of Detroit and such other posts as are in that district,\\nAvliich, by capitulalion agreed to and signed by Marquis de Vaudreuil and\\nCJeneral Amherst, the 8th of September last, now belong to Great Britain.\\nI have with me the Manpiis de Vaudreuil s letters to you, directed for yuur", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "STRUGCxLE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. 41\\nguidance on this occasion, which letters I shall deliver you when I am at\\nor near your post, and shall encamp the troops I have with me at some dis-\\ntance from the fort, till you have reasonable time to be made acquainted\\nwith the JMarquis de Vaudreuil s instructions and the capitulation, a copy\\nof which I have with me likewise.\\nI am, sir, your humble servant,\\nRobert Rogers.\\nAfter this he encamped with his detachment on a stream which empties\\ninto Lake Erie. Here he found a number of Huron chiefs, who inquired\\nof him whether the reports which they had heard in regard to the surren-\\nder of the territory were true ai)prizing him, at the same time, that they\\nhad been sent out by M. Bellestre for the purpose of defending the country,\\nand to obtain information as to the events wduch had transpired below.\\nRogers confirmed the fact of the capitulation, and made a speech to the\\nHurons of the most conciliatory character after which he encamped at\\nthe west end of Lake Erie with his detachment. The next day he met with\\na party of Indians, who told him that Bellestre was a strong man, and\\nthat he intended to fight the English. Not long after, sixty Indians, Avho\\nsaid that they had come from Detroit the previous day, arrived at his camp.\\nThey offered to conduct the English detachment to that place, and informed\\nRogers that M. Brheme, who had been sent by him with the letter, had\\nbeen imprisoned by the French comnumdant.\\nWhile the English were thus advancing towards Detroit, the French\\ncommandant was not idle. He had collected round his ])ost numerous\\ntribes of savages, and, knowing that they were strongly impressed by symbols,\\nhe had caused a i)ole to be erected, with the image of a num s head on the\\ntoj), and u|)()n this was placed a crow. He told the Indians that the head\\ni-epresented the English, and the crow himself, and that the meaning of it\\nall was, that the French would scratch out the brains of their enemies.\\nThe Indians, however, Avould not l)elieve it, and expressed their ap])rehen-\\nsions tliat the reverse would be the fact, and that the English at Detroit\\nwould scratch out the brains of the French.\\nAbout this time Rogers received the following letter from the com-\\nmandant of Detroit\\nSir: I received the letter you wrote me by one of your officers, but,\\nas I have no interpreter, cannot fully answer it. The officer that delivered\\nme yours gives me to understand that he was sent to give me notice of your\\narrival to take possession of this garrison, according to the capitulation\\nmade in Canada that you have likewise a letter from INIonsicur Vaudreuil\\ndirected to me. I beg, sir, you will halt your troops at the entrance of the\\nriver till you send me the capitulation and the Marquis de Vaudreuil s\\nletter, that I may act in conformity thereto.\\nI have the honor to be, c.,\\nDe Bellestre.\\nShortly after, on the 2 )th of November, the English commander received\\nthe letter inserted below from M. Bellestre\\nDetroit, 25th Nov., 1760.\\nSir T have already, by ^Mr. Barrager, acquainted you with the reasons\\nwhy I could not answer particularly the letter which was delivered me the\\n22d instant by the officer you sent to me. I am entirely unacquainted with\\ntlie reasons of his not returning to you. I sent my Huron interpreter to\\nthat nation, and told liim to stop them should they be on tlie road, not\\nC", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "42 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nknowing positively whether they were inclined to favor you or us and to\\ntell them from me they should behave peaceably that I knew what I\\nowed to my general, and that, when the capitulation should be settled, I\\nwas obliged to obey. The said interpreter has orders to wait on you and\\ndeliver you this.\\nBe not surprised, sir, if along the coast you find the inhabitants upon\\ntheir guard. It was told them you had several Indian nations with you, to\\nwhom you had promised permission to plunder nay, that they were even\\nresolved to force you to it. I have therefore allowed the said inhabitants\\nto take to their arms, as it is for your safety and preservation as well as\\nours for, should those Indians become insolent, you may not, perhaps, in\\nyour present situation, be able to subdue them alone.\\nI flatter, myself, sir, that, as soon as this shall come to hand, you will\\nsend me, by some of the gentlemen you have with you, both the capitula-\\ntion and Monsieur de Vaudreuil s letter.\\nI have the honor to be, sir,\\nYour very humble and obedient servant,\\nDe Bellestre.\\nAfter advancing five miles farther up the Detroit river, Rogers the next\\nday sent a second letter, of which the following is a copy, by Captain Camp-\\nbell\\nSir: I acknowledge the receipt of your two letters, both of which were\\ndelivered to me yesterday. Mr. Brheme has not yet returned. The enclosed\\nletter from the Marquis de Vaudreuil will inf )rm you of the surrender of\\nall Canada to the King of Great Britain, and of the great indulgence granted\\nto the inhabitants, as also of the terms granted to the troops of his most\\nChristian majesty. Captain Campbell, wliom I have sent forward with this\\nletter, will show you the capitulation. I desire you will not detain him, as\\nI am determined, agreeable to my instructions from General Amherst, speed-\\nily to relieve your post. I shall stop the troops I have with me at the\\nhither end of the town till four o clock, by which time I expect your answer.\\nYour inhabitants will not surprise me: as yet I have seen no other in that\\nposition but savages waiting for my orders. I can assure you, sir, the inhab-\\nitants of Detroit shall not be molested, they and you complying with the\\ncapitulation, l)ut be protected in the quiet and peaceful enjoyment of their\\nestates; neither shall they be pillaged by my Indians, nor by yours that\\nhave joined me.\\nI am, c., Robert Rogers.\\nTo Captain Bellestre,\\nCommanding at Detroit.\\nAfter despatching this letter he pushed his boats up the Detroit river to\\nwithin half a mile of the fort, and encamped his detachment in a field.\\nThe English camp was soon visited by Captain Campbell and a French\\nofficor, who presented to IMajor Rogers M. Bellestre s compliments, stating\\nthat he was instructed by tliat officer to inform him that the post had been\\nsurrendered. Lieutenants LeffHe and IMcCormick were then sent with thirty-\\nsix Royal Americans, who immediately took ])ossessi )ii of the fort; when\\nthe Indians, to the number of seven hundred, who luul been collected tlicrc\\nby the Frencli commander, set up a tremendous yell, exulting that their\\nprophecy concerning the crow had been verified.\\nMajor Rogers now formally took possession of this important post, receiv-\\ning at the same time a plan of the fort, and a list of the warlike and other", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY UNDER THE ENGLISH. 43\\nstores. The French comnmncUint uud the troops forming the garrison were\\nphiced under the charge of Lieutenant Hohnes, with thirty Kangers, to be\\nconducted to Phihadelphia. Twenty men were also sent to escort the French\\nsoldiers from the posts of i\\\\Iiami and Gatauois, and the command of the fort\\nwas given to Captain Cam])bell. Kogers, having made a treaty with the\\nneighboring Indians, set out with a party to Lake Huron for the purpose of\\ntaking possession of Michilimackinac; but the ice in the lake so obstructed\\nhis passage that he could not proceed by water, and the Indians told him\\nthat it would be impossible for him to reach that place by land without\\nsn jw-shoes. Accordingly, having replaced the ammunition and stores which\\nhe had taken with him at Detroit, he left that post on the 21st of Novem-\\nber, 17G0, after intrusting to Captain Campbell its command. With the\\nchange of jurisdiction thus efiected, a new scene will now o])en upon us.\\nCONDITION OF THE COUNTRY UNDER THE ENGLISH.\\nNo material change took place in the condition of the country in conse-\\nquence of its surrender to the English. The capitulation of i\\\\Ionti eal per-\\nmitted the French emigrants to remain in the territory and to enjoy undis-\\nturbed their civil and religious rights. Agriculture was no more encouraged\\nthan before, and the same general plan continued to be pursued in conduct-\\ning the fur-trade. No land was allowed to be purchased directly of the\\nIndians, nor were the English commandants, styled governors, permitted to\\nmake any grants of land except within certain prescribed limits. The set-\\ntlements of the French, however, continued to extend, and their long, nar-\\nrow farms, surrounded by pickets and fronted by houses of l)ark or logs and\\ntheir roofs thatched with straw, were seen stretching along the ])anks of all\\nthe i)rincipai streams. There were as yet no schools, and the instruction of\\nthe children continued to be conlided entirely to the Catholic priests. Be-\\nfore that time peltries had constituted almost the only medium of traffic, but\\nnow English coin began to be introduced. Horses were for a long time\\nunknown at Detroit, the first having been brouglit there, it is said, from Fort\\nDuquesue after Braddock s defeat.\\nAlthough the English had acquired possession of the country, it had been\\nagainst the will of the Indians. The design of Pontiac probably was to lead\\nthe English into his territory only that he might have a better opportunity\\nto destroy them. He believed that it was their intention to drive him from\\nhis lands, and he therefore considered them as dangerous intruders. His\\nsi)acious domain, its waters abounding with fish and its woods with game,\\nhad now fallen into the hafids of a people whom he had always looked upon\\nas his enemy. Some of the Indians had been struck by the British officers\\nin the garrison, an indignity which their savage natures could not endure,\\nand they readily joined with their chief to expel these hated strangers from\\ntheir country.\\nPontiac was not long in circulating war-belts among all the ])rincipal\\ntribes on the borders of the lakes, and he formed a chain of operations ex-\\ntending more than a thousand miles along their waters. He flattered him-\\nself that if the British garristms could lie destroyed or driven away he should\\nafterward be able cirectually to defend the country against farther intrusion\\nby means of his own strength combined with that of his savage allies. A\\ngrand council of the Indians was acct rdingly soon assembled at the Iliver\\nAux Ecorce, and Pontiac addressed them in person. He told them that it\\nwas the design of the ICnglish to drive the Indians from their country, and\\nthat they were their natural and inveterate enemies. He also assured them", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "44 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthat the Great Spirit had appeared to a Delaware Indian in a dream and\\nthus addressed him Why do you suffer these dogs in red clothing (the\\nEnglish) to enter your country and take the land I gave you Drive\\nthem from it and then, when you are in distress, I will help you. He\\nalso exhibited to them a war-belt, which he said the French King had sent\\nover from France, ordering them to drive out the British and make way for\\nthe return of the French.\\nThe shores of the lakes were soon alive with bodies of Indian warriors,\\nwho had abandoned their hunting-grounds and camps and were repairing\\nto the posts on the frontier. Among these were seen the Ottawas, the Chip-\\npewas, the Miamis, the Pottowatomies, the Missisagas, the Shawanese, the\\nOttagamies, and the Winnebagoes, besides parties from numerous other\\ntribes. At about the same time they attacked the Forts of Le Boeuf, Ve-\\nnango, Presque Isle, Michilimackinac, St. Joseph, Miami, Green Bay, Ouia-\\ntonon, Pittsburg, and Sandusky. Their military operations, indeed, extended\\nalong the entire line of the waters of the lower lakes.\\nThis general and simultaneous attack was made in the month of INIay,\\n1763, and was so sudden and wholly unexpected that the garrisons were\\nall taken by surprise. Detroit was then the most important station upon\\nthe lakes, and was garrisoned by one hundred and twenty-two men and\\neight officers. Major Gladwin being the commandant. Three rows of\\npickets surrounded the fort in the form of a square. Most of the houses of\\nthe French were situated within these pickets, that they might be pro-\\ntected by the guns of the fort. The inhabitants were provided with arms\\nand ammunition. Within the pickets there was also a circular space, which\\nwas named by the French Le chemin du Ronde, from its being a place of\\ndeposit for arms and over the gates of the fort, and at each of its corners,\\nthere were small dwellings. The town was defended in front by an armed\\nschooner named the Beaver, moored in the river, which at this point is\\nabout three-quarters of a mile wide. The post commanded the great chan-\\nnel of communication fx-om Lake Michigan to Buffalo and Pittslnirg its\\npossession, therefore, was an object of great importance and Pontiac, who\\nwas the chief director of the confederacy, undertook its reduction in per-\\nson.\\nHis plan w^as one which strikingly exhibits the cunning which is so\\ncharacteristic of the Indians. He intended to take the fort by surprise\\nand for this purpose he ordered a party of his warriors to saw off their\\nrifles so short that they could conceal them under their blankets, and,\\nunder a feigned pretence, to gain admission into the fort, and massacre the\\ngarrison. To carry out his design, he encamped at a short distance from\\nthe post, and sent word to the commandant that he was desirous of holding\\na council with him, that they might brighten the chain of peace. On\\nthe evening of that day, an Indian Avoman, by the name of Catharine,\\nbrought to ]\\\\rajor Gladwin a pair of moccasins which she had been em-\\nployed to make for him, and he was so much pleased with them that he\\ngave her an elk-skin, and told her to take it home and nuike from it several\\npairs more. She took the skin, but continued to linger about the gate of\\nthe fort as if her business were unfinished and the singularity of her con-\\nduct attracted attention. Major Gladwin accordingly ordered her to be\\ncalled back, and incpiired of her why she did not hasten home, that she\\nmight finish the moccasins by the time he had required them to be done.\\nThe woman remarked that she did not like to take the skin away, as he\\nseemed to prize it so much, since she feared i he could never brinp it back.\\nwith some secret, and, after being pressed,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY UNDER TCE ENGLISH. 4,\\nshe developed the whole plot. Major Gladwin immediately ordered the\\nguards to be doubled, and sentinels to be stationed on the ramparts.\\nAs night approached, fires were seen in the Indian camp, and their Avar-\\nsongs were distinctly heard, so that the English commandant was convinced\\nthat something important was contemplated by them, and that the woman\\nhad told the truth, as the savages always excite themselves in this manner\\nl)reparatory to any great entcri)rise they are about to undertake.\\nThe next morning, according to previous arrangement, Pontiac and his\\nwarriors repaired to the fort. As he was advancing, he noticed that there\\nwas an unusual number of soldiers upon the ramparts, and that the officers\\nall had pistols in their belts. Having entered the council-house, or the\\n])lace assigned for the meeting, he opened the discussion with a speech, in\\n\\\\vhich he made great professions of friendship for the English. As the\\ntime approached when, as the Avoman had stated, the belt was to be deliv-\\nered and a fire upon the garrison commenced, his gestures became more\\nvehement. At this moment the governor and his officers drew their swords,\\nand the English soldiers made a clattering upon the ground with their\\nnuiskets. Pontiac himself was now the party surprised, but he continued\\nperfectly calm and unmoved.\\nThe commandant soon commenced his reply, but, instead of thanking the\\nchief for his professions of friendship, he charged him Avith ])eing a traitor,\\nand, to convince him of his knoAvledge of the plot, he stepp(Ml f )r\\\\vard to\\nthe Indian Avho sat on his skin nearest to him, and, opening his blanket,\\nexposed the shortened rifle. At the same, time, addressing himself to the\\nAvarriors, he told them instantly to leave the fort, as his men, should they\\ndiscover their treachery, Avould shoAV them no raei cy. He also assured\\nthem that they Avould be permitted to go out^n safety, as he had promised\\nthem his protection.\\nThe warriors accordingly sallied out of the fort; but, as soon as they had\\njiassed the gates, they turned about and fired upon the garrison. They\\nthen proceeded to the commons, Avhere they murdered an English Avomau\\nAvho resided there, and, horrid to relate, cooked and feasted upon her\\nremains. After this they Avent to Isle de Cochon, (Hog Island,) and bar-\\nbarously destroyed a A\\\\diolc family.\\nThe savages had now sufficiently evinced their hostile intentions. Col-\\nlecting around the fort, they fired upon the garrison from the nearest houses,\\nand even from behind the pickets. Measures Avere soon taken, hoAvever, to\\nburn such buildings as they could avail themselves of for this purpose, by\\nthroAving shells. But, as soon as the shells fell, the savages ran up to them,\\nAvith loud yells, and extinguished the matches before they had time to\\nexplode. Still, in spite of all their efforts to prcA^ent it, the buildings Avere\\nsoon demolished, and the Indians then Avithdrew to a Ioav ridge which over-\\nlooked the pickets, and from this they kept up a constant fire upon the fort.\\nAlthough Pontiac, as the acknowledged head of the confederacy, Avas the\\nleader in the attack upon Detroit, he Avas aided by several chiefs, Avho had\\nplaced themselves under his direction. Among these Avere the OttaAva chiefs\\nMahigam, or the Wolf, Wabunemai^, or the White Sturgeon, Kittacoimi, and\\nAgouchioU; and the Chippewa chiefs Pa,^hquois, Gayashque, Wasson, and\\nMacatay-icas^on\\nThe influence of Pontiac had for a long time been very great, not only\\nwith the French, but also Avith the remotest tribes upon the borders of the\\nhikes. In 174G he defended Detroit against a combined force under INIack-\\niuac, the Turtle, aided by a portion of his oAvn tribe, the OttaAvas. While\\nhe Avas thus assisting the French, they Avere no less warm in their attach-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "46 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nment to their allies, When the French arrived at these falls Tthe Saute\\nde Ste. Marie), said a Chippewa chief, they came and kissed ns. They\\ncalled us children, and we found them fathers. We lived like brethren in\\nthe same lodge. They never mocked our ceremonies; they never molested\\nthe places of our dead. Seven generations have passed away, but we have\\nnot forgotten it. Just, very just, were they towards us.\\nThe siege of Detroit by Pontiac continued. Sometimes blazing arrows\\nwere launched from the bows of his warriors upon the chapel fjr the pur-\\npose of burning it and this they would have effected had they not been\\ndeterred from forther attempts by a Jesuit, who persuaded them that such\\nan act would call down the vengeance of the Great Spirit. A breach was\\nnow attempted to be made in the pickets, and in this Major Gladwin co-op-\\nerated Avith them, by ordering his men to cut them away from the inside, so\\nthat it was soon accomplished; but no sooner was it filled with the Indians\\nthan a small brass cannon, wdiich had been brought to bear upon this point,\\nwas discharged upon them, and made terrible havoc. After this the fort\\nwas simply blockaded and its supplies cut off, by which means great suffer-\\ning was occasioned to the garrison. Among the killed on the side of the\\nEnglish was Sir Robert Devers, whose body was boiled and eaten by the\\nsavages. Captain Robertson experienced a similar fate, and of/ the skin of\\none of his arms a tobacco-pouch Avas made.\\nMajor Campbell, it Avill be recollected, had been appointed to the com-\\nmand of the fort by Major Rogers, and it was a great point with the savages\\nto get possession of the person of this officer, as he was much esteemed, not\\nonly by the French and English, but by the Indians also, for his chivalrous\\ncharacter, and, therefore, the more valuable as a hostage. Pontiac accord-\\ningly solicited an interview with this officer, that, as he stated, they might\\nsmoke the pipe of peace together. Two French citizens recommended this\\ninterview, and were, in fact, made the agents of Pontiac to effect it. The\\nIndian chief, in the meantime, solemnly promised that the English com-\\nmandant should be permitted to return in safety to the fort. The proposal\\nwas acceded to; but no sooner had Pontiac got his enemy into his hands,\\nthan his promise was entirely forgotten, and he told him that his life even\\nshould not be spared but on the condition that the fort was surrendered.\\nThe conduct of Pontiac in this transaction had been such as to destroy all\\nconfidence in his word. The fate of this brave and generous officer was\\ntruly melancholy. An Ottawa chief had been killed in the siege of Michil-\\nimackinac, and his nephew hastened to Detroit to seek for revenge. Here\\nmeeting with ^lajor Campbell, he instantly killed him with a blow of his\\ntomahawk. The murderer fled to Saginaw to escape the vengeance of Pon-\\ntiac.\\nThe Beaver, the armed vessel to which allusion has been made, had been\\nsent to Niagara for the purpose of hastening the arrival of a re-enforcement\\nof men, and to procure a supply of provisions. Lieutenant Cuyler, with\\nninety-seven men, was sent from that post with supplies, and, apprehend-\\ning no danger, they had landed at Point Pelee and encamped. Here they\\nwere discovered by the Indians, and at dawn the next morning they were\\nattacked, and the whole party either cut off or taken prisoners, with the\\nexceptioH of one officer and thirty men, who succeeded in gaining a barge,\\nin which they crossed Lake Erie and reached Sandusky Bay. The savages\\nplaced their prisoners on board the boats, and compelled them to manage\\nthem, escorting them in triumph to Detroit, along the Canadian bank of the\\nriver. When they were near this place, four British soldiers determined to\\nmake their escape, and for this purpose changed the course of the boat they", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF TIIP] COUNTRY UNDER THE ENGLISH. 47\\nwere in, setting up at the same time a loud cry. After some resistance their\\nIndian guards leaped overboard, one of them dragging asohlier ah)ngwlth\\nhim, and they both were drowned. The remaining three were now fired on\\nby the Indians in the other boats, and also by those on the bank of the\\nriver, though without any other effect than wounding one of their number.\\nIn the meantime the armed schooner on the Detroit side opened a fire u])on\\nthe savagCii, which dispersed their boats, and likewise the guard upon the\\nopposite shore. The rest of the prisoners were taken by the Indians to Hog\\nIsland, and there ])ut to death.\\nThe French residents themselves did not escape Avholly unharmed amid\\nthese scenes of savage violence. Maintaining a neutral position in the war,\\nthey were regarded with no little jealousy by their former allies of the\\nAlgoncpiin race. Their houses were in several instances broken open, and\\ntheir cattle plundered by Pontiac s warriors, though the Ottawa chiefs gave\\nto the suflerers certificates of indemnity for all such losses, formed of pieces\\nof bark, on which was drawn the figure of an otter, the emblem jf his\\ntribe, and these pledges were all faithfully redeemed at a subsequent\\nperiod.\\nThe savages, finding that all their attempts to destroy the fort were\\nunavailing, endeavored to engage the French in the alliance and for this\\n])urpose Pontiac assembled a council of his warriors and of the French\\ninhabitants at the river Aux Ecorce, on which occasion he addressed to\\nthem the following speech\\nMy Brothers: I have no doubt that .this war is very troublesome to\\nyou, and that my warriors, who are continually passing and repassing\\nthrough your settlements, frequently kill your cattle and injure your i)rop-\\nerty. I am sorry for it, and hope you do not think I am ])leased with this\\nconduct of my young men and, as a proof of my friendship, remember\\ntlie war you had seventeen years ago, (174G,) and the part I took in it.\\nThe Northern nations combined together and came to destroy you. Who\\ndefended you Was it not myself and my young men The great chief\\n^lackinac (the Turtle) said in council that he would carry to his native\\nvillage the head of your chief warrior, and that he would eat his heart and\\ndrink his blood. Did I not then join you, and go to his camp and say to\\nhim, that if he wished to kill the French, he must pass over my bixly and\\nthe bodies of my young men? Did I not take up the tomahawk with you\\naid in fighting your battles with ]\\\\Iackinac, and in driving him home to his\\ncountry? Why do you think I would turn my arms against you? Am I\\nnot the same French Pontiac who assisted you seventeen years ago I am\\na Frenchman, and I wish to die a Frenchman.\\nMy brothers, continued Pontiac, throwing a war-belt into the midst of\\nthe council, I begin to grow tired of this bad meat which is upon our\\nlands, but I see that this is not your case for, instead of assisting us in\\nour war with the English, you are actually assisting them. I have already\\ntold you, and I now tell you again, that when I undertook this war, it was\\nonly your interest I sought, and that I knew what I was about. I yet\\nknow what I am about. This year they must all perish the Master of\\nLife so orders it. His will is known to us, and we must do as He says.\\nAnd you, my brothers, who know Him better than we do, wish to oppose\\nHis will. Until now I have avoided urging you upon this subject, in\\nthe hope that, if you could not aid, you would not injure us. I did not\\nwish to ask you to fight with us against the English, and I did not believe\\nthat you would take part with them. You will say you are not with them.\\nI know it but your conduct amounts to the same thing. You tell them all", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "48 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwe do, and you carry our counsels and plans to them. Now, take your\\nchoice. You must be entirely French, like ourselves, or entirely English.\\nIf you are French, take this belt for yourselves and for your young men,\\nand join us. If you are English, we declare war against you.\\nPrevious to this, and on the third of June, 1763, news had been received of\\nthe conclusion of peace between France and England and one of the\\nFrench inhabitants, holding up a copy of the treaty in answer to this\\nharangue, replied My brother, you see that our arms are tied by our\\ngreat father, the King of France untie this knot, and we Avill join you\\nbut, till that is done, Ave shall sit quietly on our mats.\\nThe vessel which had been despatched to Niagara noAV returned with a\\nsupply of provisions and arms. To prevent her reaching the fort, a great\\nnumber of Indians had left the siege and repaired to Fighting island, a short\\ndistance below. After annoying her from their canoes at the mouth of the\\nriver, they at length resolved to get possession of her by boarding, and were\\napproaching her with all their force for that purpose, when she opened upon\\nthem a destructive tire, which wounded and killed a large number, and put\\nthe rest to flight. She then dropped down the river to wait for a fair wind,\\nand a few days afterward reached Detroit without farther molestation.\\nPontiac now endeavored to destroy the vessels which Avere anchored oppo-\\nsite to the fort, as they greatly aided in its defence. He, for this purpose,\\ndemolished the barns of several of the French settlers, and from the mate-\\nrials, which were of a resinous nature and perfectly dry, he constructed rafts,\\nand, setting them on fire, committed them to the current of the river, which\\nis here quite rapid, in the expectation that they Avould float down against\\nthem and burn them. The English, however, perceiving his object, anchored\\nsmall boats above the vessels, fastened to each other Avith iron chains, to\\nintercept and turn aAvay these dangerous masses, in Avhich they Avere per-\\nfectly successful, and the blazing rafts passed harmlessly by.\\nIt Avas not long, hoAvever, before efficient aid Avas received by the English\\ngarrison. A fleet of gun-boats made its appearance, strongly armed, and\\nhaving on board a detachment of three hundred regular troops, under the\\ncommand of (^aptain Dalyell, one of the aids of Sir Jeftry Amherst. Sup-\\nposing that Pontiac might be surprised in his camp, they landed a force of\\ntAVO hundred and forty-seven men, and marched up the river Avith that object.\\nBut this chief, apprised of their intentions, had removed his Avomen and\\nchildren, and prepared for a vigorous defence. A party of his Avarriors Avere\\nconcealed behind the pickets of the neighboring farms, others lay hid in the\\nlong ])rairic grass, Avhich grcAV here to a great height, and others again AA-ere\\nconcealed behind heaps of Avood. The British force had no sooner reached\\nthe point noAV called Bloody Bridge, than they received a destructive fire\\nfrom the rifles of the savages. For a moment their columns Avavered, as\\ntheir commander, Captain Dalyell, had fallen at the first discharge but,\\nsoon rallying, they fought Avith great bra\\\\ ery, and charged upon the enemy\\nAvith the bayonet. The Indians, hoAvever, Avithout being seen, continued to\\npour forth a destructive fire upon the English, and could only be dislodged\\nfrom their places of concealment by driving them from house to house, and\\nfrom field to field. Perceiving that their numbers Avere diminishing, and\\nthat they Avere fighting under great disadvantages, the English noAV com-\\nmenced a retreat to the fort, protected by the armed gun-boats, after a loss\\nof nineteen men killed and forty-tAvo wounded.\\nWhile these scenes Averc passing at Detroit, events of a still more tragical\\ncharacter Avere taking place on the upper lakes. Michilimackinac, Avhich\\nis distant nearly four hundred miles from Detroit, has been already described.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY UNDER THE ENGLISH. 49\\nThis fort -was surrounded with pickets of cedar, and its stockade was washed\\ny the waves of the strait. At tliat time the fort was protected by several\\npieces of brass cannon, taken from the trading-posts of Hudson s Bay. There\\nwas a chapel in which mass was regularly performed by a Jesuit missionary.\\nAt this post tliere were about thirty families, and it was garrisoned by ninety-\\nthree men. The savages here were still more inveterate in their hostility to\\ntiie English than at Detroit. Alexander Henry, the English trader, had\\nbeen obliged to wear the garb of a coureur des bois on his way to that post,\\nwhere there were then but four English merchants residing. The hostile\\ndisposition of the savages was, indeed, clearly manifested on his first arrival.\\nHe had been there but a very short time when lie was visited l)y a body of\\nChippewas, painted and dressed in tlie most wai like style, with featiiers\\nthrust through their noses. Tlieir chief, Minavavana, thus addressed him:\\nEnglishnian, it is to you tliat I speak, and I demand your attention.\\nEnglishman, you kn( )W that the French King is our father; he promised\\nto be such, and we, in renirn, romised to be his children: this promise we\\nhave kept.\\nEnglishman, it is you that have made war with this our father. You\\nare his enemy, and how then could you have the boldness to venture among\\nus, his children? You know that his enemies are ours.\\nEnglishman, we are informed that our father, the King of France, is old\\nand infirm, and that, being fatigued with making war upon your nation, he\\nhas fallen asleep. During this sleep you have taken advantage of him, and\\np ssessed yourselves of Canada. But his nap is almost at an end: I think\\nI hear him already stirring, and inquiring for his children, the Indians;\\nand when he does awake, what must become of you? He will destroy you\\nutterly.\\nEnglishman, although you have concpiered the French, you have not\\nyet conquered us. We are not your slaves. These lakes, these woods and\\nmountains, are left to us by our ancestors; they are our inheritance, and we\\nwill part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white\\npeople, cannot live without bread, and pork, and beef, but you ought to\\nknow that He, the Great Spirit and ]\\\\[aster of Life, has provided food for\\nus in these spacious lakes, and on these wooded mountains.\\nEnglishman, our father, the King of France, employed our young men\\nto make war upon your nation. In this war many of them have been killed,\\nand it is our custom to retaliate until such time as the spirits of the slain\\nare satisfied. But the spirits of the slain are only to be satisfied in one of\\ntwo ways: the first is by spilling the l)lood of thenation by which they fell;\\nthe other, by covering the bodies of the ilcad, and thus allaying the resent-\\nment of their relations. This is done by making [)resents.\\nEnglishman, your King has never sent us any presents, nor entered into\\nany treaty with us, wherefire he and Ave are still at war; and, while he does\\nthese things, we must consider that we have no other father or friend among\\nthe white people than the King of France. But for you, we have taken into\\nConsideration that you have ventured among us in the expectation that we\\nshould not molest you. You do not come armed with an intention to make\\nwar. You come in peace to trade with us, and suj^ply us with necessaries\\nof which we are much in want. We shall regard you, therefore, as a bro-\\nther, and you may sleep tranquilly, without fear of the Chippewas. As a\\ntoken of (^ur friendship, we present you this ])ipe to smoke.\\nBut, although no attack was made upon him, it was perceived that the\\nPltirit rjf the savages was anything but friendly. He was afterward visited\\nby a chief who was at the head of a party of Ottawa warriors, who also\\nD", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "50 CIVIL HISTORY OP MICHIGAN.\\nmade him a speech, and compelled him to deliver a part of his goods to the\\nIndians on a credit.\\nThus affairs were here speedily coming to a crisis. The warriors in the\\nwilderness around this post had also received from Pontiac the war-belt,\\nand were now busy in collecting their bands for the purpose of joining his\\nconfederacy, the object of which was to blot out the English power from tlie\\nterritory bordering on the lakes. No serious suspicions were awakened at\\nMichilimackinac, although large bodies of Indians had been noticed collect-\\ning around the post, some of them apparently for the purpose of purchasing\\nEuropean merchandise, trinkets, and silver ornaments which Henry had lor\\nsale, but for the most part without any apparent object.\\nOn the seventh of June, Wawatam, a Chippewa chief, called on this\\ntrader, who had recently come from the Saute deSte. Marie, telling him that\\nhe was sorry that he had left the Saute, and requesting that he would go\\nback with him to that post the following day. He also desired to know if\\nMajor Etherington had not received some bad news for, said he, I have\\nbeen disturbed with the noise of evil birds. The following day he repeated\\nhis request, and urged his suspicions anew. The trader conceived it to be his\\nduty to inform Major Etherington of what had taken place but, unfor-\\ntunately, this officer paid no attention to it, considering it as mere idle ap-\\nprehension.\\nThe number of savages having greatly increased, it w-as proposed the\\nnext day to celebrate the anniversary of the King s birth by a game which\\nis called Baggatlway. This is a common game among the Indians, and is\\nplayed with bats and ball. A ball is placed in the centre of an open piece\\nof ground the players divide themselves into tAvo parties, and a struggle\\nthen takes place between them to knock the ball to the post of the opposite\\nparty. It had been agreed among the savages to throw the ball, as if by\\naccident, over the pickets and, when this had been done, to rush after it,\\npossess themselves of the fort, and massacre the garrison.\\nThe game was accordingly commenced, and JMajor Etherington, who was\\npresent as a spectator, laid a Avager on the success of the ChippcAvas, the\\ngreater part of the garrison being at the same time collected outside the fort\\nto Avitness the sport. Suddenly the ball, according to their previous under-\\nstanding, was thrown over the ])ickets, and, as appeared very natural, the\\nIndians all rushed after it. But almost instantly the Avar-cry of the savages\\nrose from the interior of the fort, and a dreadful scene commenced. The\\ntrader, Avho had been prevented from being present at the game, hearing the\\ntumult Avithout, and finding the savages, about four hundred in nund)er, in\\npossession of the post, crawled over a Ioav fence Avhich separated his house\\nfrom that of M. Langlade, a French Canadian, and entreated him to ailitrd\\nhim some i)lace of concealment. But Langlade, shrugging uj) his shoulders,\\nhastily turned aAvay from the Avindow Avhere he had been looking out, coolly\\nsaying tliat he knew of no such i)lace. At this moment a PaAvnee slave be-\\nlonging to Langlade beckoned to Henry to come to a door Avhich she pointed\\nout to him, conducted him to the garret of the house, and, having concealed\\nhim there, locked the door and took aAvay the key.\\nHenry gazed through the crevices of the Avail upon the scene bcloAv, and\\nit Avas a scene of horror. A great number of the English soldiers lay dead\\naround the fort some Avere seen struggling between the knees of the sav-\\nages, Avho Avere scalping them Avhile yet alive. Others Avere cut in pieces,\\nand their blood Avas drank by the Avarriors from the hollows of their\\nhands joined together, Avhile they Avere shrieking most hidcou.sly, like so\\nmany demons. At length there Avas a profound silence, an awful sus-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE COUNTRY UNDER THE ENGLISH. 51\\npease, which denoted that, fur want of more vietiin.s, tlie work of death was\\n(h)ne.\\nThe Indians now gathered aliout the liouse of Lanjjfhide, and asked him\\nif any of the English had taken shelter there. Langlade replied that\\nnone had to his knowledge, but that they might examine for themselves.\\nTwo or three of the savages coming to the garret door, demanded the key,\\nand, unlocking it, went in.\\nJ]y this time Henry had concealed himself behind a heap of birch-bark\\nvessels which were used in the making of maple-sugar, where the dark\\ncolor of his clothes, aided by the absence of light in the room, prevented\\nhim from being seen, so that the Indians, satisfying themselves that there\\nwas no one there, soon went away. There was a nmt in the room, and\\nHenry, laying himself down on it, soon fell asleep. It Avas not long, hoAV-\\never, before he Avas awakened by the wife cf Langlade, who informed him\\nthat most of the English had been despatched, l)ut that he might hope to\\nescape. The shades of night now came on, and the trader sought again in\\nslumber to forget the horrors of the scene.\\nHe was not, hoAvever, so easily to escape. Langlade s Avife, notAvith-\\nstandiug the encouragement she had held out to him, determined to make\\nknoAvn his place of concealment, saying that the Indians Avould murder her\\nif the trader was found secreted in her house. Accordingly, she took the\\nkey and gave it to Wenniway, a chief of the most hideous appearance.\\nThis Avarrior Avas more than six feet in Iieight, and his naked l)ody Avas\\npainted all over Avith a mixture of grease and charcoal, as Avas his face,\\nwith the exception of a circular ring around each of his eyes. Acconi-\\njjunied by a body of savages, he entered the garret, and approaching the\\ntrend)ling trader, grasjjcd him by the collar, and fixing his eyes steadfastly\\nupon him, raised his knife, as if about to plunge it into his breast but,\\nsuddenly checking himself, he dropped the fatal Aveapon and said, I Avon t\\nkill you. I have lost a brother, Avhose name is Musinigon. You shall be\\ncalled after him.\\nBut the sufi erings of the trad M- were not yet at an end. He Avas stripped\\nof his clothes and carried to L Arbrc a Croche as a prisoner. Here, hoAV-\\nevcr, his friend AVaAvatam, faithful to his promise of protection, appeared\\nin his behalf, ransomed him, and accompanied the trader to the island of\\njMackinaAV, Avhere he concealed him from a band of drunken savages in\\nAvhat is noAv called the Scull liock.\\nThe f )rt of ^lichilimackinac Avas uoav burned to the ground. SeA enty of\\nthe English soldiers had been nuissacred, and, to complete the sanguinary\\ndeed, the bodies of many of them Avere boiled and eaten by the saA ages.\\nThe lives of the remainder, as Avell as of the prisoners taken at St. Joseph\\nand Green Bay, Avere spared, and on the return of peace they Avere all re-\\nleased, cither* Avith or Avithout ransom. At the close of these tragical\\ntvents a nund)er of Indian canoes arrived Avith English traders, Avho were\\nbeaten, insulted, and marched to the prison lodge.\\nAfter the Avork of devastation had been finished, many of the Indians\\nretired to the island of IMaekinaw. while others repaired to Detroit, to aid\\nPonliac in the siege of this post. ThU chief, however, soon found that his\\nenemies Avere too formidable for him. General Bradstreet now arrived to\\nrelicA-e the fort, at the hcail of an army of three thousand men. On\\nhis Avay he had destroyed the villages of the hostile savages, laid Avaste\\ntheir corn-fields along the rich bottoms of the Maumee, dispersed the\\nnatives in every direction, and reached Detroit Avithout opposition. The\\nIndians, perceiving that they could no longer contend against so power-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "52 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nful a foe, laid down their arms, and thus tlie war was brought to a close.\\nOf Pontiac, after his discomfiture, hut little is certainly knoAvn. Disap-\\npointed and mortified at the failure of his plans, he retired to Illinois,\\nwhere he was assassinated about the year 1767 by an Indian of the Peoria\\ntribe. The character of this chief was bold and strongly marked. Excelled\\nby none of his race in courage, strength, and energy, he possessed traits\\nwhich pointed him out for a leader. To haye had sufficient influence to\\nbring the numerous tribes of the West, along a frontier of a thousand\\nmiles, to co-operate with him in his desperate undertaking, must haye\\nrequired much more than ordinary talents. Although destitute of those\\n])rinciples of honor which preyail among ciyilized nations in the operations\\nof war, he possessed a larger share of humanity than is commonly f )und\\namong sayages. Undismayed by difiiculties, and far-seeing and compre-\\nheusiye in his plans, he fought from a sense of justice and in defence of the\\nrich domain which had been bequeathed to him by his ancestors.\\nTHE FUR-TRADE AXD AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.\\nFrom the year 1679, when La 8alle and Hennepin crossed Lake Erie\\nwith the first yessel that had eyer disturbed the Avaters of that lake, the face\\nof the country had been, down to the time of the English occupation, but\\nlittle changed. During the period of the French power in this quarter, the\\nfur-trade had been yigorously carried on along the great chain of lakes, and\\nthrough eyery channel in which it could be made to circulate, either by\\ncompanies chartered for that object, or by indiyidual enterprise. The cou-\\nreurs cles bois,wh.o acted, says La Honton, like East Indiamen and pirates,\\nreturning periodically from their inland yoyages to swell the population at\\nthe different posts, brought AA ith them in bark canoes the furs and peltry\\nwhich they had collected, and deposited them at the factories erected to\\nreceiye them; from thence they were at regular seasons transported to the\\nheadquarters of the trade at Montreal and Quebec, Avhere they were shipped\\nfor Europe.\\nThe principal channels through Avhich this traffic was carried on between\\nthe u])per and lower proyinces continued to be the Ottawa riyer or Lake\\nErie, the packs, when the latter course was adopted, being transported across\\nthe portage of Niagara Falls upon the backs of the traders.\\nThe condition of this trade under the French, although depending much\\non the peculiar character of the people, was essentially modified by the pos-\\nitive o|)eration of the laws. The government of the colony was, it is true,\\ncxcrcisod with apparent mildness, but still it was impressed with those harsh\\npriucij)les which characterized the most aristocratic period of the Bourbons.\\nEven the form of land distribution, founded on the Coufwne de Paris, Avas\\nextended to the French colonies of the AVest. Its operation Avas exceedingly\\noppressive, and greatly retarded the groAvth of the settlement. It confined\\nthe energies of the people to narroAV tracts of land, granted under burden-\\nsome conditions, placing them in the poAvcr of seigneurs, Avhich Avas but\\nanother name for masters, instead of opening the broad and fertile bosom\\nof the West to free and unencund)cred industry, such as is noAV cflTeeting\\nsuch extraordinary changes in that region under the equal hvAvs of our oAvn\\nRepublic. The peojjle under this system Avere but the inerc appendages of\\nlarge corporations, parts of a A ast machine whidi Avas jilanned and krpt in\\nmotion solely for the l)enefit of royal monopolies.\\nIt has been remarked that the asi)ect of things in these remote regi Mis\\nAvas but little changed after they came into the possession of the English", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "THE FUR-TRADE AND AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 53\\nThe chapels and the forts continued in much the same state; the little farms\\nof the French, surrounded by pickets, stretched along the banks of the\\nstreams as before; and the country presented a variegated aspect of French,\\nEnglish, and Indian manners. The red coats of the British regulars con-\\ntrasted very strikingly with the peasant garb of the French farmers, and\\nwith the wild and fantastic dress of the natives.\\nThe insurrection being quelled, a system of C(.)nciliatory measures was\\nadojtted to secure the good-will of the disali ected trilxs; snudl grants of\\nland Avere made around the posts, and the Indians themselves were induced\\nto cede portions of their territory for a trifling consideration to the French\\ncolonists. These grants were made, however, without any authority from\\nthe British Government. The French settlements extended along the banks\\nof the Detroit and St. Clair rivers to the distance of about twenty miles\\nabove and below the town, with here and there a lonely hut of some French\\ntrader at a favorable jxiint in the interior. Detroit c intinued to be the most\\n})rominent post, and three years after the l\\\\)ntiac war the town contained\\nnot less than a hundred houses, independent of the barracks. On the west\\nside of the town lay the commons, which received the name of the King .i\\nGarden. The fort was surrounded by pickets and mounted with small can-\\nnon, Avas garrisoned by two hundred men, and the ct.nnnandant exercised a\\nsort of arbitrary poAver under the general supervision of the governor-gen-\\neral of Canada.\\nMeanwhile the Hudson s Bay Comj)any, Avhich had been long a lival of\\nthe old French companies, extended its. operations through the AVilderness\\nwhich had been the ranging ground of the French traders. This company\\nhad been chartered in 1069 by Charles 11. That charter, granted to a com-\\n})any of English merchants, authorized them to occupy a very extensive\\nregion north of Canada for the prosecution of the fur-trade, to establish mil-\\nitary p ts f)r the defence of their persons and property, and to traffic Avith\\nthe native tribes.\\nFrom 17()3 to the close of the three folloAving years, the trade from Mon-\\ntreal Avith the interior h*d been greatly diminished, the Indians carrying\\non most of their traffic Avith the agents of the Hudson s Bay Company. In\\n17GG individual adventurers began to extend their operations along the lake\\nshores in the same track that had f )rmerly been ])ursued l y the French,\\nand soon came in collision with the large companies which were striving to\\noccupy for their exclusive benefit this extensive region. Thus the course of\\nthe trade continued to present the same Avild features which had character-\\nized it under the former regime.\\nThe English made but little change either in the laws or in their admin-\\nistration, and pursued the same general policy as had their predecessors the\\nFrench. The commandants of the posts, although responsible to the gt)ver-\\nuor-geueral at Quebec, Avere still ])osse, sed of a discretionary jiower which\\nwas all but absi)lute, and Avhich they exercised in a highly arbitrary man-\\nner, as i)erhaps Avas necessary among such a population as they had to deal\\nwith. Whenever any crime Avas committed, however, which required a\\nformal trial, it was custonuiry f )r these officers to summon a jury of the\\nmost re?i)ectable inhabitants, and to abide by their decision.\\nA semblance of the criminal laws of England Avas, it is true, introduced,\\nl)ut the-e laws were administered witliout any regard to fixed {jrincijiles or\\nt. established rules. A single example will suffice to show the manner in\\nwhich legal ])roceediugs were conducted in 1770.\\nGoA crnor Hamilton, at that time the commanding officer at Detroit, be-\\ning informed of a theft committed by a Canadian Frenchman, directed", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "54 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPhilip Dejean and twelve jurors to hear and adjudge the ease they accord-\\ningly proceeded to the trial, and convicted the individual of the crime\\nalleged against him. The record of this trial has come down to us, and it\\nis a most singular document. Lord Dorchester, however, then governor of\\nCanada, was no sooner made acquainted with the proceedings in this case,\\nso contrary to every principle of law, than he issued a warrant for the arrest\\nof Hamilton and Dejean, though, unfortunately, they had both previously\\nleft the country.\\nIn 1774 an act was passed, called the Quebec Act, establishing the\\nboundaries of Canada, including Michigan, and extending thence to the\\nMississippi and Ohio rivers on the south, and north from the St. Lawrence\\nto the latitude of 52\u00c2\u00b0, or to the lands of the Hudson s Bay Company. This\\nact granted to the Catholic inhabitants the free exercise of their religion,\\nthe undisturbed possession of their Church ])roperty, and the right in all\\nmatters of litigation to demand a trial according to the former laws of the\\nprovince. But this right was not extended to the settlers on lands granted\\nby the English crown. The criminal laws of England were introduced into\\nCanada, and the crown reserved to itself the right of establishing courts of\\ncivil, criminal, and ecclesiastical jurisdiction.\\nThe enterprise of the people was not wholly confined to the fur-trade.\\nThe mineral region upon the shores of Lake Superior had been visited as\\nearly as 1773 a project was formed for working the copper ore discovered\\nthere, and a company in England had obtained a charter for that object.\\nThis company consisted of the Duke of Gloucester, Mr. Secretary Town-\\nshend, Sir Samuel Tutchet, Bart., Mr. Baxter, consul of the Empress of\\nRussia, Mr. Cruikshank, Sir William Johnston, Bart., INIr. Bostwick, and\\nAlexander Henry, the English fur-trader who figured so consi)icuously in\\nthe fall of Michilimackinac. A sloop Avas accordingly purchased, and the\\nminers commenced their ojierations. They soon found, however, that the\\nexpenses of blasting and of transportation were too great to warrant the\\nprosecution of the enterprise, and it was abandoned. Previous to this, a\\ncompany of English adventurers had embarked in the same project, but\\nthey also gave it up on account, as they said, of the distracted state of\\naffairs in America.\\nIn 1783 several influential merchants, who had been individually engaged\\nin the fur-trade, entered into partnership f )r its more vigorous prosecution,\\nthough without any charter, and established what was styled the jN orthwest\\nCompany. The stock of this company was divided into sixteen shares. No\\nmoney was paid in, but each of the partners engaged to furnish his propor-\\ntion of the goods necessary to carry on the trade.\\nIn 1787 the shareholders appointed from their number special agents to\\nimport from England such goods as inight be required, and to store them at\\nMontreal. The i)lan they adopted for conducting the trade was similar to\\nthat which had been pursued l)y the French. The European goods were,\\n])y the orders of the agents, made into such articles as were wanted by the\\ntraders and Indians, and packed up and forwarded, and the money for the\\noutfits was also supplied by them.\\nStorehouses were erected in convenient and accessible situations on the\\n])orders of the lakes, and the posts formerly occupied by the French were\\nemployed for the same ])urpose. Connected with these there were also\\ntrading-houses and })laees where the various ])ersons employed in carrying\\non the trade might be accommodated. Agents were sent to Detroit, IMack-\\ninaw, tlic Saute dc Ste. ]\\\\[arie, and the Grand Portage near Lake Su])erior,\\nwhere the furs wore deposited wluni brought from the interior, and whose", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "THE FUR-TRADE AND AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 55\\nbusiness it was to have them packed aud sent to Montreal for shipment to\\nEntrland.\\nThe most important point of the fur-trade was the Grand Portage of\\nLake Superior, situated in a remote region to the northwest, wliere the\\ngreatest quantity of furs eonkl be collected. Here the proprietors of the\\nestablishment, the guides, clerks, and interpreters, messed together in a\\nlarge hall hung round with olk-horns, ornamented pipes, hatchets, and\\nother implements used by the Indians in war and peace, while the canoe-\\nmen, or coiireurs des bois, were allowed nothing but a dish which they called\\nhommony, consisting of Indian corn boiled in a strong alkali and sea-\\nsoned with fat.\\nThe persons employed in this traffic were a motley and very peculiar race.\\nBesides the clerks, interpreters, and guides, there Avas a numerous body,\\nhalf Indian and half French, which had been constantly increasing in this\\nquarter from the frequent intermarriages between the traders and the\\nnative women. The canoes employed by them were of large size, each one\\nbeing capable of containing ten men and about sixty -five packages of furs.\\nThe European goods purchased for this traffic consisted of Idankets,\\ncutlery, glass beads, and other trinkets, besides different articles that were\\nobtained at Montreal.\\nThese goods were ordered from England the season before they were\\nwanted, shipped from London the following spring, and arrived in Canada\\nearly in the summer. Here they were made up into packages of a conve-\\nnient size, weighing each about ninety pounds, sent to the interior the next\\nspring, exchanged for furs during the succeeding winter, and the following\\nautumn these furs were received at JMontreal and sliippcd for London.\\nThus this interesting trade, which had })ecn carried on for more than a\\ncentury, still continued to circulate in its ordinary channels along the\\nwaters of the lakes. But the spirit of mercantile rivalry was carried to a\\ngreat extent, and, unhappily, excited all the worst passions in the human\\nbreast. The Hudson s Bay and Northwest Companies, the respective bound-\\naries of which were not very clearly defined, came into active and desper-\\nate collision, and made repeated attacks upon the trading-posts of each\\nother. Lord Selkirk, however, having placed him.^elf at the head of the\\nHudson s Bay Company, succeeded at length in uniting the stock of the\\ntwo companies, and thus put an end to the strife. These two companies\\nheld dominion over the territory bordering on the lakes, and studied only\\nto keep it a barren, howling waste, that they might the better fill their own\\ncoffers.\\nTiie American Revolution was now about to lireak forth. The people of\\nthe English colonies at the East had declared that tliey would not submit\\nto be taxed l)y the mother-country unless they were represented in the\\nBritish Parliament. A duty having been imposed upon tea, a vessel lying\\nin Boston harbor with a quantity of it oii board had been taken possession\\nof by a party of the inhabitants, and the obnoxious article was thrown into\\nthe sea. From this may be dated the commencement of a struggle which,\\nin the desperation with which it was fought and the magnitude of its\\nresults, is scarcely jiaralleled in history.\\nDuring this eventful struggle, the wilderness then comprising the terri-\\ntory of the present State of ^lichigan, with but a small population, con-\\nsisting principally of British soldiers and persons connected with the fur-\\ntrade, from its remote situation was but little afl ected by the war, tliough\\nthe Indians within its borders were employed to Inirass the American set-\\ntleuieuts upon the frontiers of New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "56 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nDetroit and Michilimackinac were, during this period, the points of\\ngreatest interest. At these posts the Indian warriors were assembled and\\nfurnished with arms and ammunition, and from tlieuce they were despatched\\nagainst the nearest American settlements, to pillage, burn, and destroy, and\\nto massacre and scalp the defenceless inhabitants. On their return from\\ntheir murderous expeditions, these savage allies were met by the British\\ncommanders in the council-houses of Mackinaw and Detroit, and there\\nreceived the stipulated price for the scalps which they brought.\\nIt is not to be wondered at that the European inhabitants of Michigan and\\nCanada should have been opposed to the doctrines of the American Eevo-\\nlution. The French population had been accustomed to a despotic govern-\\nment, and from habit were little inclined to any other Avhile the English\\ncolonists were mere adventurers, and had come to the country for no other\\nreason than to benefit their fortunes by its trade. They were, theref jre,\\nactuated by a totally different spirit from that Avhich animated the iuhal)i-\\ntants of the original English colonies, who were fixed in their habits, and\\nwho had fled from the })ersecutions of the people of England, that they\\nmight enjoy, undisturbed, the right of self-government in matters of re-\\nligion.\\nNot only were parties of Indians sent out against the American settle-\\nments, but in some instances they were supported by the regular troops and\\nthe local militia. One of these joint expeditions, commanded by Captain\\nByrd, set out from Detroit to attack Louisville. It proceeded in boats as\\nfar as it could ascend the Maumee river, and from thence crossed over to\\nthe Ohio but the high water here preventing them from reaching the place\\nfor which they started, they marched to what is called Ruddle s Station.\\nThe formidable force which they presented intimidated the garrison at this\\npost, and it immediately surrendered, under the promise of being protected\\nfrom the Indians. This promise, however, was violated, and the prisoners\\nwere all massacred. A small stockade, called Martin s Station, was like-\\nwise taken by the same commander, and his advance threw the whole\\nregion into the utmost consternation, when he suddenly withdrew.\\nAnother expedition started from Detroit under the command of Henry\\nHamilton, the conunandant of the post. At that time the feeble settlements\\nin what now comprises Kentucky were much exi)osed to the hostile inroads\\nof the savages, and General Clarke, an officer of great bravery and expe-\\nrience, had been sent by the Governor of Virginia for their defence. Sup-\\nl)osiag that he could better accomplish his object by reducing Ka.skaskiu,\\nKahokia, and other small French settlements in this region, which were\\nbelieved to be friendly to the British cause, he descended the river and took\\npossessi(jn of thein.\\nGovernor Hamilton was no sooner informed of these proceedings than he\\ncollected a force of regulars, militia, and Indians and proceeded to St. Vin-\\ncent, Avhere he halted to make arrangements for active operations as so()n\\nas the season would permit. His design was to recover the posts which had\\nbeen captured by General Clarke, to attack and defeat the force under his\\nconmiaud, and destroy the infant settlements of tlie Americans in this\\nregion.\\nGeneral Clarke was soon advised of the movements of Hamilton. A\\nSpanisli merchant informed him that this officer was extremely careless in\\nhis operations, and that he had sent a part of his force to the Ohio river to\\ndestroy the settlements ah)ng its banks. The American general accord-\\ningly des])atched an armed l)oat to the Wabash, with orders to her com-\\nmander not to permit anything to pass that river, while he himself set out", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "THE FUR-TrvADE AND AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 57\\nwith one liuudred and thirty men foi the same point, although in the deptli\\nof winter. Sixtcen chxys were occupied in crossing the country, the soldiers\\nsometimes marching up to their breasts in water along the shores of the\\nWabash, that stream having overflowed its banks. As soon as they arrived\\nat St. Vincent, tlic soldiers were drawn up in order of battle, and, with the\\ntrunk of a tree formed in the shape of a cainion, they ))oldly advanced to\\nattack the British post. Governor Hamilton, supposing that he was about\\nto be assailed by artillery, immediately surrendered. The British Avere suf-\\nfered to return to Detroit; but their comnumder, who was known to have\\nbeen active in instigating the Indians to conunit the greatest barbarities,\\nwas placed in irons and sent to Virginia as a prisoner of war.\\nStill some of the savages were not well afl ected to the British cause. As\\nearly as 177(j the Dclawares had received a message from the llurons\\nof Detroit, requesting them to keep their shoes in readine.i8 to unite with\\ntlieir warriors. Isetawatwees, however, the chief of the Delawares, who\\nwisked to remain neutral, would not listen to this proposal, but sent to the\\nHuron chief in return several belts of Avampum, admonishing him at the\\nsame time to keep (piiet, and to remember the misery which the llurons had\\nformerly brought upon themselves by engaging in wars (m the side of the\\nFrench. The re])ly of the Di lawares was delivered in the presence of De\\nPeyster, the English commandant, who cut the belts of wampum in })ieces,\\nthrew them on the ground, and conunanded the messengers who brought\\nthem instantly to quit the country.\\nCertain jNIoravian missicmaries, who were engaged in their peaceful and\\npious labors on the banks of the JMuskingum, did not escape the suspicions\\nof the English in this quarter. These disinterested and charitable men were\\naccused of holding a secret correspondence Avith the Congress at riiiladel-\\npliia, and of contributing their intluence, as well as that of their Indian con-\\ngregation, to aid the American cause.\\nThe Indian agent was therefore sent to Niagara, and a grand council of\\nthe Iroquois was assembled, at which those tribes were urged to break up\\nthe Indian congregation collected by the JSIoravians. Not wishing, how-\\never, to have anything to do with it, they sent a message to the Chijipewas\\nand Ottawas, with a l)elt, stating that they gave the Indian congregation\\ninto their hands to make soup of.\\nIn 1781 the i\\\\Ioravian missionaries arrived at Detroit, Avhere they Avere\\nimmediately brought before De Peyster, the English commandant. A Avar\\ncouncil Avas held at the same time, Avhen the council-house Avas comjjletely\\nfilled, the different tribes being arranged on either side. The assembly was\\naddressed in a long speech by Captain Pipe, the principal chief of the Wolf\\ntribe, who had connuittetl the most savage barbarities upon the scattered\\nAmeriean settlements. He told the commandant that the English might\\nlight the Americans if they chose it was their cause, and not his that they\\nhad raised a quarrel among themselves, and that it Avas their business to\\nfight it out. They had set him on the Americans, he said, as the hunter\\nsets his dog upon the game. By the side of the British commander stood\\na Aviir-chict^ Avith a stick in his hand four feet in length .strung with Ameri-\\ncan scali)s. Now, father, said he, ])re.^enting the stick and aildressing\\nhimself to the commandant, here is what has been done Avith the hatchet\\nyou gave me. I have made the use of it that you ordered me to do, and\\nfound it sharp.\\nIt was by such influences that these saA age tribes were instigated to com-\\nmit the most atrocious cruelties against the defenceless American settle-\\nments on the frontiers during the whole course of the RcA-olutiouary war.\\nD", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "5S CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nEvery avenue was closed whereby a different influence might be introduced\\namong them, and they were made to believe that the Americans were only\\nseeking to possess themselves of their lands, and to drive them aAvay from\\nthe territory they had inherited from their forefathers.\\nBut, after the country from Maine to Florida had been drenched with\\nblood in this great contest for freedom, the American cause was at last tri-\\numphant and by the treaty of peace concluded at Versailles in 1783, an\\nend was at last temporarily put to these barbarities the distant settlers\\nwere permitted once more to resume their labors and to sleep without alarm.\\nORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY.\\nBut, although the war was at an end, the posts and trading stations along\\nthe lakes, within the acknowledged limits of the United States, were not\\ngiven up. Of the real causes which induced the British Government, in\\nviolation of all the principles of good faith, to retain these posts, we have\\nno means of judging. It may, however, be fairly inferred from the conduct\\nof individuals, that if that Government did not actually and by direct means\\npromote the Indian war which broke out at this time, it did not, to say the\\nleast, discountenance it.\\nTliere is ample evidence to show that British emissaries were sent to the\\nremote Indian tribes on the borders of the lakes to instigate them to take up\\narms, and that, after they had done so, they looked for aid from the English\\ngarrisons within the American territory. In the treaty of peace of 1783,\\nthere was no express stipulation in regard to the surrender of the northwest-\\nern posts; but by the second article of Jay s treaty, in 1794, it was agreed\\nthat the British troops should be withdrawn from all the posts assigned to\\nthe United States by the former treatv (of 1783) on or before the first dav\\nof June, 1796.\\nThe conduct of England in so long persisting in retaining possession of a\\ncountry which did not belong to her, we shall not pretend to account for\\nl)iit the value of this country, from the richness of its soil and its other\\nadvantages, soon began to attract attention.\\nMeasures were accordingly taken for its temporary government. The\\ncircumstance which had more jiarticularly directed the public attention to\\nthis western domain was a memorial from the soldiers and officers of the\\nKevolutionary army, presented to General Washington in 1783, setting forth\\ntheir claims to a portion of the public lands. Nothing, however, was granted\\nto them at that time.\\nThe country had been completely exhausted by the terrible struggle in\\nwhicli it had been so long engaged, and, heavily burdened with debt, it Avas\\nnow seeking for some means by which it could secui e its liqui(lati(m; and,\\nas the war had been prosecuted for the general good, it was held that the\\nStates claiming lands in this quarter were bound to grant portions of them\\nfor this oljject. The territory northwest of the Ohio was claimed by several\\nof the Eastern States, on the ground that it Avas included within the limits\\nindicated by their charters from the English Crown. In answer to the\\nwishes of the Government and })eople, these States, in a patriotic spirit, sur-\\nrendered th(;ir claims to this extensive territory, that it might constitute a\\ncomnifm i und to aid in the i)ayment of the national debt.\\nTo prei)are the way for tliis cession, a law had been passed in October,\\n1780, that the territory so to be ceded should be disposed of for the common\\nl)eneiit of tlie whole Union; that the States erected therein should he f\\nsuitable extent, not less than (uio hundred n )r ni )re than one hundred and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. 59\\nfifty miles square; and that any expenses that might be incurred in recov-\\nering tlie posts then in the hands of the British should be reimbursed.\\nNew York released her claims to Congress on the 1st of March, 1781;\\nVirginia on the 1st of the same month, 1784; Massachusetts ou the 19th of\\nApril, 1785; and Connecticut on the 4th of September, 1786.\\nMeanwhile, the Iroquois, in 1784, conveyed to the United States all their\\nright to any lands west of Pennsylvania and m the 1st of January, 1785,\\nby the treaty of Fort Mcintosh, the Ottawas, Chippewas, Delawares, and\\nAVyandots surrendered all the lands claimed by them south of the Ohio, a\\nbelt of territory six miles broad, commencing at the Ilivcr liaisin and extend-\\ning along the strait to Lake St. Clair, a tract of twelve mik s scpuire at the\\nRapids of the Maumee, together with the Islands of Bois Bhin^; and Mack-\\ninaw, and also a tract six miles by three on the mainland, to the north of\\nthe last-mentioned island. These different cessions having been obtained\\nfrom the native tribes, in 1787 a government was organized for this exten-\\nsive regwn, which received the name of the Northwest Territory.\\nIt is unnecessary here to examine particularly the details of this ordin-\\nance it was based ou the principles of civil liberty maintained in the Magna\\nCharta of England, re-enacted in the Bill of Rights, and incorporated into\\nour different State constituti(ms. This ordinance, it is well known, was\\ndrawn up by. Nathan Dane, of Beverly, Massachusetts, a benevcjleut and\\nexcellent man, and a distinguished lawyer, who was the com])iler of a very\\nvaluable abridgment of American Law, and the founder of the Dane Law\\nSchdol in the University of C^ambridge.\\nOn the 7th oi April, 1788, a company of forty-seven individuals landed\\nat tlie spot where Marietta now stands, and there commenced the settlement\\nof Ohio. The ffrst code of laws for this territory was published by nailing\\nthem to the body of a tree upon the hanks of the Muskingum, and Return\\nJonathan ^Meigs was appointed to administer them, the Governor, Arthur\\nSt. Clair, not having yet arrived.\\nWe have seen that the Western posts were still retained by the British\\nGovernment, notwithstanding tlie peace concluded in 3783. Several ques-\\ntions of no little interest liacl sprung up, which excited unfriendly feelings\\nbetween the two nations and governed their ])olicy. Debts due by Ameri-\\ncans to British subjects, the payment of which had l)een guaranteed by the\\ntreaty, were not paid and, on the other hand, the slaves behmging to\\nAmerican citizens, and who had been taken away by the British officers,\\nwere not restored. In consecpience of this unsettled state of things, when\\nthe Baron Steuben was sent by General Washington to Sir Frederic Ilaldi-\\nmaud at Quebec to arrange matters for the occupation of these posts, with\\ninstructions to ])roceed to ^lichigan and along the line of the lake frontier\\nfor the purpose of taking possession of them, he was informed that they\\nwould not be given up, and was i-efused passports to Niagara and Detroit.\\nCombined with the retention of the posts, a new confederacy among the\\nsavages was evidently organizing in the \\\\Vest. As eaily as December,\\n178G, a grand council of the different tribes was held near the mouth of\\nthe Detroit river. At this council were delegates from tlie Six Nations,\\nfrom the Iliirons, the Ottawas, the Mianus, the Shawanese, the Chippewas,\\nthe Cherokees, the Delawares, the Pottowatamies, and IVoin the confederates\\nof the Wabash. The principal subject of discussi(jn at this council ap])ears\\nto have been a (piestion of boundary. It was contended by tiie Indians that\\nthe United States had no right to cross the Ohio river, but they advised a\\npacific line of policy so h)ng as there was no actual enci oachment ui)on their\\nterritiU v. fhe design of this discussion undoubtedly was to create a belief", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "60 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthat the Americans intended to drive them from their lands, and, as was\\nsaid, to kindle their council fires wherever they thought proper, without\\nconsulting the Indians. The American Government, indeed, considered\\nthat the treaty of 1783 vested in them jurisdiction over the Indian territory,\\na claim which the native occupants were by no means disposed to admit.\\nAt this time, also, the United States were at issue with a foreign Power\\nrespecting the right of navigating the ]\\\\Iississippi.\\nAmong other things, as a plea for still retaining the Western posts, it was\\npretended by the English that the extensive and valuable country in which\\nthey were situated had been ceded away through some oversight on the part\\nof the commissioners, or from their ignorance of the geography of the coun-\\ntry. But the real motives by which they were actuated are sufticiently\\nmanifest. They had already succeeded in exciting hostile feelings among\\nthe Indian tribes, and this they were determined to take advantage of for\\nthe purpose of preventing this broad and fertile region from passing out of\\ntheir hands.\\nJNIany of the half-breeds were also active in seconding the views of the\\nEnglish, not only by inflaming the minds of the Indians, but by promising\\nto take up arms in their cause, from a belief that if they did not thus side\\nwith them they would not afterward be suffered to trade in their territory.\\njNIeanwhile Alexander McKenzie, an agent of the British Government,\\nvisited Detroit, painted like a savage, and stated that he had just returned\\nfrom the remote tribes of the upper lakes, who were all in arms, and pre-\\npared to oppose the claims of the Americans to the Western lauds that\\nlarge bodies of warriors had already assembled, and that they were about\\nto attack the infant settlements of Virginia and Ohio. The artifice prac-\\ntised by McKenzie succeeded to his wish and he could the better operate\\nupon the prejudices and passions of the Indians as he spoke their language\\nperfectly well. Elliot and the notorious Simon Girty were no less active in\\nexciting the savages to war.\\nIn 1794 an agent was sent from the Spanish settlements on the banks of\\nthe Mississippi for the same object, and to hasten the organization of the\\nIndian confederacy against the United States. Children, said he to his\\nsavage auditors, you see me on my feet grasping the tomahawk to strike\\nthem, (the Americans. AVe will strike together. I do not desire you to\\ngo before me in the fi ont, but to follow me. Children, you hear what these\\ndistant nations have said to us, so that we have nothing to do but to put our\\ndesigns into innnediate execution, and to forward tiiis j)ipe to the three war-\\nlike nations who have been so long struggling for their country. Tell them\\nto smoke this pipe, and to forward it to all the lake Indians and to their\\nNorthern brethren. Then nothing will be wanting to com})lete our general\\nunion from the I ising to the setting of the sun, and all the nations will be\\nready to add strength to the blow we are going to strike. Excited by these\\nvarious means, bands of savage warriors, armed with the tomahawk and\\nscalping-knife, were seen hastening towards the lake posts, and another great\\nIndian confederacy was formed, consisting of the Ottawas, the Pottowata-\\nmies, the Wyandots, the Miamis, the C hippewas, and the Delawares.\\nAs early as 17 S5 and 17 S( the hostile Indians had occasionally sent their\\nwar-parties against the feeble frontier settlements in Kentucky and along\\nthe i)anks of the Ohio, where a few enterprising emigrants from Virginia\\nand New England had erected their little clusters of log-cabins.\\nThese border incursions, which most clearly appear to have been counte-\\nnanc{ l by the British, induced the American Government in 1790 to send\\ninto that quarter General Josiah Ilarmar, an accomplished and able ofiicer,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. Gl\\nto put a stop to them. He advanced against the hostile tribes with a force\\namounting to fourteen hundred men hut, im})rudeutly dividing his army,\\nhe v*a! taken by surprise and (h feated by a Ixxly of Indians led on by that\\nsanguinary and desperate warrior, the Little Turtle.\\nGeneral Harmar, having failed in his enterprise, was succeeded by IMajor\\nGeneral \u00c2\u00bbSt. Clair, tlie Governor of the Northwestern Territory and in Octo-\\n])er, 1792, this officer advanced into the Indian country with a force of about\\ntw(j thousand men. Warned as he was by the disaster tiiat had proved so\\nfatal to his predecessor, he fell into an ambuscade that had been laid for\\nhim, where the Indians, firing from behind their breastwork of fallen trees,\\ncarried destKietion into the American ranks, and soon covered the ground\\nwith their dead. So sudden and unexpected was the attack, and so mur-\\nderous the fire of the enemy, that the general was compelled to order a\\nretreat, leaving his artillery in the hands of the savages.\\nOn account of these repeated disasters, it became necessary to increase\\nthe army by enlistments, and to push a still stronger force against the hos-\\ntile Indian ti il)es. (Jeneral Washington therefore made the most strenuous\\nefforts to efi ect this object; but, owing to the panic produced by the disas-\\ntrous defeats of ilarnuir and St. Clair, with but little success. Thei-e was,\\nmoreover, no suuill opposition to the war and additional measures were\\ndeemed necessary to bring it to a close.\\nIn 1793 General St. Clair was succeeded by General Anthony Wayne in\\nthe command of the AVestern army. Advancing through the f )rests to\\ntlie spot which had been rendered memorable by the defeat of St. Clair, he\\nthere constructed a fort upon the site of the old fortification, and calle\\\\l it\\nFort Recovery. Situated in the midst of the scene of former carnage, there\\nmight then have been seen around it, under the trees and amid the fallen\\nlogs, the bleached bones of those who had l)een slain.\\nGeneral Wayne soon reached the confluence of the An Glaze and Mau-\\nmee rivers, and found the villages si)read along the bottoms of the latter\\ncompletely deserted. A short time afterward he arrivetl at the Iia])ids of\\nthe Maumee, and erected there a fort aljout four miles above the British\\npost, which he called Fort Dei)osite, in which he placed his stores and bag-\\ngage. This British post, established on American ground, had been fortified\\nl)y a detachment sent from Detroit the preceding spring, and the Indians\\najipeared to laok upon it as their last refuge in case they were attacked.\\nThe British Government had demanded, liefore the treaty of 17 S. as one\\nof the conditions of peace, the complete independence of the savage tribes,\\nwith, of course, the jjower to grant their lancls to whomsoever they ])leased.\\nThe Americans having refused to accede to this condition, that post was\\nestablished on the banks of the Miami for the purpose, it was believed, of\\ncountenajicing the Indians, and of actively supporting them should they\\ngain the ascendancy. General Wayne therefore felt it necessary to advance\\nwith the utmost caution, as everything depended not only upcm his courage,\\nbut his jinideuee. lie had been directed, however, in case he was opposed\\nby the British, to treat them according to the usages of war.\\nThe American commander was not long in coming up with his savage foe.\\nThe Indians regarding him with great fear from his suj)posed cunning, call-\\ning him t\\\\\\\\Q Black-.viake on that account; while the American army, con-\\nsisting of three thousand men, no doubt presented a truly formidable appear-\\nance to them.\\nThe Indian force, their whole strength being collected at this point, was\\nin ])oint of numbers al)out the same. Most of the savages were naked and\\npainted for battle. Stationed in a dense forest, and protected l^y the rocky", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "02 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nbank of the river and a breastwork of fallen trees, they were disposed in\\nthree lines within supporting distance of each other.\\nWayne s Legion consisted of two thousand regulars and one thousand\\nmounted militia, under General Scott, of Kentucky, The right flank of his\\narmy rested on the river, a brigade of mounted volunteers under General\\nTodd occupied the left, and General Babee, with his division, formed the\\nrear. Major Price was ordered to advance with a select battalion of rifle-\\nmen to reconnoitre, and, if attacked, to retreat in pretended confusion, in\\norder to entice the enemy towards the main body. The stratagem proved\\nsuccessful and while the savages were rushing forward and startling the\\nwilderness with their yells of triumph, the American army advanced against\\nthem Avith trailed arms, being ordered to press them with the bayonet, to\\nrouse them from their lurking-places, and deliver a close fire upon their\\nbacks, so as to allow them no opportunity to escape. The Indians now\\nbegan to break, and retreated towards the walls of Fort Maumee. While\\nthese events were taking place, the gates of the fort had been shut, and the\\nEnglish within gazed with apparent indiflerence upon the scene. In the\\naction there Avas actually engaged on the side of the savages a force from\\nDetroit, headed by a prominent individual of that place. General Wayne\\ndestroyed the Indian villages and the cornfields on the banks of the IMau-\\nmee, and proceeded towards Fort Defiance.\\nBefore he left the battle-ground, however, he paraded his force in front\\nof the British post, that they might see its strength, while he advanced with\\nhis staff towards the glacis to examine the character of the position, and to\\nascertain, as far as was possible, what were the intentions of the garrison.\\nThe American oflScers, as they drew near, could discover the British soldiers,\\nwith matches lighted and standing by their guns, ready for any emergency\\nthat might arise. Some attempts were made by his oflficers to persuade the\\nBritish commander to revenge this insulting parade before his post by\\nallowing them to salute the Americans with a dischar ^e from their artil-\\nlery. Nothing of this kind, however, was permitted, though a corresj)( n-\\ndence of no very friendly character took place. General Wayne finally\\nsucceeded in concluding a treaty with the Indians at Greenville, which\\neffectually broke up the confederacy.\\nThe settlements in Michigan up to this period had advanced but slowly.\\nThe French Canadians had extended their farms to a considerable distance\\nalong the banks of the St. Clair and on the Detroit river there were a few\\nstraggling French .settlements, as also on Otter Creek, and on the rivers\\nIlougc, Fointe aux Tremble, and other small streams flowing into Lake\\nErie. Agriculture and the fur-trade constituted nearly the entire occupa-\\ntion of the inhabitants.\\nDetroit and Frenchtown, both in the eastern part of the peninsula, were\\nat this time the only places of nuich importance. The former was merely\\na small cluster of rude wooden houses, defended by a fort, and surrounded\\nby pickets, and formed, as it had hmg done, the principal depot for the fur-\\ntrade. The population, independent of the soldiers of the garrison, ci in-\\nsisted j)rincipally of Scotch, French, and English merchants, who had\\nremoved here after the conquest of the country, for the prosecution of that\\ntraffic. The goods required here were obtained from Montreal, and bills of\\ncredit for small sums, i)ayable at that place or at Quebec, were allowed to\\nbe isstu d l)y the merchants, on condition of their giving security to double\\nllicir amount. Frenchtown, on the river Raisin, now a place of consid-\\nerable importance, consisted at that time of only a few log cabins, erected\\nby the French on either bank of the river. Two Indian villages, one occu-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "ORGANIZATIOX CF THE NcRTHWESTERN TERRITORY. 63\\npied by the Ottawas, the other by the Pottowatamies, stood on tlie present\\nsite of the t ity of Monroe. Beinjf a depot for the Northwestern Company,\\nthe surrounding Indians periodically resorted there to exchange their furs\\nand peltry for cloths, beads, silver ornaments, fire-arms, ammunition, and\\nsui h other articles as they required. The French settlers in the vicinity\\nalso disposed of their corn here in exchange for g(jods, and from thence it\\nwas transported to the upper lakes for the use of the traders.\\nAbout this time a project was started, which, had it been successful,\\nw uld have been highly injurious to the interests of this part of the AVcst.\\nIn 175 5, Kobert Kandull, of Pennsylvania, and Charles Whitney, of Ver-\\nmont, in connection with several merchants of Detroit, entered into a com-\\n{xict, the object of which was to appropriate to themselves a tract of territory\\ncomprising nearly twenty millions of acres, situated between ]^akes Erie,\\nHuron, and Michigan. This was to be done by securing to themselves the\\npre-emption right. The land was to be divided into forty-one shares, five\\ni)f which were to be aj)portioned among the tradcre of Detroit who were\\nI)arties to the agreement, six were to be given to Randall and those asso-\\nciated with him, and the remainder were to be distributed among members\\n(if Congress who should exert their influence in procuring the passage of\\nthe necessary law. The amount proposed to be paid for this vast tract was\\nfrom half a million to a million of dollars; and it was believed that the\\nmerchants of Detroit had sufficient influence with the Indians to induce\\nthem to part with the land. In opposition to the measure, it was represented\\nthat, under the treaty of 1783, the right of purchase belonged exclusively\\nto the United States while, on the other hand, it was urged that the Indians\\nwore dissatisfied with this treaty, and did not consider themselves bound by\\nit, and that the plan proposed would alone establish tranquility among\\nthem, and secure peace to the country. But, as soon as the corrupt char-\\nacter of the plan was discovered, the two principal projecters were l)rought\\nbefore the bar of the House of Representatives, when, on the hearing of\\nthe evidence, Randall was discharged, but Whitney was fined to the amount\\nof the costs which had accrued, and received a severe reprimand.\\nThe Indian power having been broken by Wayne s victory, and the treaty\\nof Greenville binding the savages from farther aggression, the island of IVIack-\\niuaw was at last surrendered, and Detroit also given up, the retiring garri-\\nson, to show their spite, locking the gates of the fort, breaking the windows\\nin the barracks, and filling the wells with stones, in order to annoy the new\\n(jccupants as much as was in their power. The latter post was soon after\\ntaken possession of by a d(;tachment of troo})s under the connnand of Cap-\\ntain Porter, and the American flag hoisted on its ramparts for the first time.\\nThus ^Michigan at last passed quietly into the possession of the United\\nStates.\\nWhile the English held this country, Mackinaw was the chief i)lace of\\nrondc/.vous for the Indians and the traders of the Northwest Com])anv.\\nStartmg from this picturesque island in huge canoes, propelled by the vo;/-\\nage\\\\ir. the merchants would at times sweep across the sparkling wati-rs of\\nthose inland seas, provided with the means of the most luxurious revelry,\\nand, encamping on their shores, would there hold their feasts, surrounded\\nby half-bred defwudants, traders, and Indians.\\nWhile the French were in possession of this country, as there was l)ut\\nlittle coin for general circulation, accounts were kept in beaver-skins or other\\nfurs reduced to their current vahie. The price of beaver at oMicliilinuick-\\niuac in 1765 was two shillings and sixpence the pound, Miehilimackinac\\ncurrency; otter-skins were six shillings each, and marten-skins one shilling", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "64 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAX.\\nand sixpence. Ten boaver-skins were (riven for a stroud blanket, eiGrht for\\na white blanket, two for a pound of powder, one for a jwund of shot or ball,\\ntwenty fir a gun, two for an axe of one pound weight, and one for a knife.\\nThe notes and coin of Quebec were sometimes seen at the lake posts, but not\\nin sufficient quantity to be relied on for a uniform currency.\\nCONDITION AFTER THE SURRENDER OF THE POSTS.\\nIt was a long time after this fertile but uncultivated territory came into the\\npossession of the United States before its character w^as materially changed.\\nThe Canadian French continued to form the principal part of its population.\\nThe interior of the country was but little known except by the Indians and\\nthe traders, who explored it in the pursuit of furs. As the effect of trans-\\nferring the jurisdiction from France to England had been little more than\\nto change the garrisons from French to English, and to give to the Hud-\\nson s Bay Company a monopoly of the fur-trade, so its surrender to the\\nUnited States produced but little alteration in its general features. As the\\nIndian title was not fully extinguished, no lands were brought into market,\\nand, consequently, the settlements proceeded but veiy slowly.\\nIn the division of the Northwestern Territory, what is now the State of\\nIMichigan constituted a single county, which received the name of Wayne.\\nIt sent one representative to the Legislature of the Northwestern Territory,\\nwhich was held at Chilicothe. A Court of Common Pleas was organized\\nfor the county, and the general court of the whole territory sometimes met\\nat Detroit. No roads had as yet been constructed through the interior, nor\\nwere there any settlements except on the frontiers. The habits of the people\\nwere essentially military, and but little attention was paid to agriculture\\nexcept by the French peasantry. In Avinter they drove their carrioles over\\nthe ice with their Canadian ponies that were of Norman stock, many of\\nwhich are now to be seen in this country and in summer they employed\\nsmall wooden carts, well adapted to the state of the roads, for the carriage\\nof their goods vehicles that are still used.\\nThe county continued to send a representative to the General Assembly of\\nthe Northwestern Territory at Chilicothe until 1800, when Indiana was\\nerected into a separate territory and two years afterward it was annexed\\nto this new-formed territory, and remained under its jurisdiction until 1805.\\nIn the month of January of that year it was erected into a separate terri-\\ntory, and William Hull was appointed the first governor. The system of\\ngovernment was somewhat peculiar, the executive power being confided in\\nthe governor, the judicial in three judges, who were authorized to adopt\\nand publi.sh laws suited to the territory, and not incompatible with the\\nordinance of 1787, and the legislative power was exercised by the two jointly.\\nOn the 25th of July of that year the territory was divided into three districts,\\nnamely, Eric, Huron, and Michilimackinac, fi)r each of which a court was\\nestablished, to be held by one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the\\nterritory, with exclusive jurisdiction in criminal matters, and also in all civil\\ncases above the sum of twenty dollars, those below this sum being cognizable\\nby justices of the peace. A few years afterward it was divided into coun-\\nties, in each of which was organized a county court. The laws thus intro-\\nduced were, as might be expected, crude and ill-digested, as is abundantly\\nattested by the records of the courts at that period, which are still pre-\\nserved.\\nGeneral Hull, when he arrived at Detroit to assume his official duties as\\ngovernor of the territory, found the town in ruins, it having been destroyed", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "CONDITION AFTER THE SURRENDER OF THE POSTS. Qo\\nby fire. Whether this disaster had been occasioned by accident or design\\nwas not known. However this may have been, as the town was very com-\\npact, covering only two acres of ground, and the materials were of the\\nmost combustible nature, it was soon entirely consumed, and the unfortunate\\ninhabitants were obliged to encamp in the open fields, almost destitute of\\nfood and shelter. Still they were not discouraged, and soon commenced\\nrebuilding their houses on the same site. The General Government also\\ntook their case into consideration, and an act of Congress was passed,\\ngranting, to the suflTerers the site of the old town of Detroit, and ten thous-\\nand acres of land adjoining it.\\nA judiciary system was now adopted, and the territorial militia were\\norganized. In October of the same year a report was made to Congress of\\nthe condition of the territory, and in May of the following year a code of\\nlaws was adopted similar to those of the original States. This code was\\nsigned by Governor Hull, Augustus B. Woodward, and Frederick Bates,\\njudges of the territory, and was called the Woodward Code. The\\nbounds of the territorial government, as then established, embraced all the\\ncountry on the American side of the Detroit river, east of a north and\\nsouth line drawn through the centre of Lake Michigan.\\nThe Indian laud-claims had been partially extinguished previous to this\\nl)oriod. By the treaty of Fort JNIcIntosh in 1785, and that of Fort Ilar-\\nmar in 1787, extensive cessions had either been made or confirmed, and in\\nthe year 1807 the Indian titles to several tracts became entirely extinct.\\nIn consequence of the settlements which had been made under the\\nFrench and English Governments, some confusion sprang up in regard to\\nthe titles to valuable tracts that were claimed by diflerent individuals\\nunder the French laws. Congress accordingly passed an act establishing a\\n])oard of Commissioners to examine and settle these conflicting claims and\\nin 1807 another act was passed, confirming to a certain extent the titles of\\nall such as had been in ])ossession of the lands then occupied by them from\\nthe year 1796, when the territory was surrendered, down to the date of that\\nact. Other acts were subsequently passed, extending the same conditions\\nto the settlements on the upper lakes.\\nIn addition to their settlements along the shores of the Detroit and St.\\nClair rivers, and the lake of the latter name, where there was a continued\\nline of cottages, Avith farms adjoining, containing orchards of pear and\\napple trees, planted, probably, in the reign of Louis XIV., and the old\\nosts on the island of IMackinaw, at Ste. ISIarie and at St. Joseph, the\\nFrench colonists had a line of cabins on the river Raisin, where the city of\\nMonroe (then called Frenchtown) now stands. The interior of the country\\nwas but little known except by those who were engaged in the fur-trade,\\nand these were interested in representing it in as unfavorable a light as\\n])()ssi])le. The Indian titles to the land had been but partially extinguished,\\nand no portion of the public domain had yet been brought into market.\\nBut few American settlers had therefore ventured into this region, though\\nthe adjoining State of Ohio had already acquired a considerable popu-\\nlation.\\nThe distance of this territory also, and the unsettled state of aflTairs\\nalong the western borders of the lakes, necessarily prevented immigration.\\nOn the opposite shore there was a jealous foreign })ower, and the interior\\nof the country was occupied by different savage tribes. The territory, too,\\nhad but just emerged from an Indian war, and another was evidently pre-\\nparing. This third Indian confederacy was not only countenanced by the\\nFuglish, but directly instigated by them. The motives which led to it, and\\nE", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "66 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe means employed to bring it about, were the same as had proved suc-\\ncessful iu exciting the former insurrections under Pontiac and the Little\\nTurtle. The old story was revived, that the Americans were about to\\ndrive the Indians from their lands that they might occupy them themselves.\\nThe chief projectors of this savage league were Tecumseh and his brother\\nthe Prophet.\\nThe warlike leader of the enterprise was Tecumseh, while the Prophet,\\nwhose Indian name was ElLswatawa, was to operate on the minds of the\\nsavages by means of superstition, and to excite in them a spirit of fanaticism\\nstill more to inflame their natural ferocity.\\nThe disaffection of these tribes was certainly what might have been ex-\\npected. They saw a new power encroaching upon the inheritance that had\\nbeen handed down to them from their ancestors, introducing their hated\\ncultivation upon their soil, and rudely disturbing the graves of their dead.\\nIt was not difficult, therefore, to unite them in one last desperate struggle\\nto resist this aggressive and threatening power.\\nTheir titles had been only very partially extinguished, and they com-\\nplained, that where this had been done, the treaties had been unfairly con-\\nducted that the Indians had been deceived that they were in a state of\\nintoxication at the time they signed away their lands, and that, even under\\nthese circumstances, only a part of the tribes had given their consent. The\\ndissatisfaction thus existing among them was artfully fomented by the agents\\nof the Northwest Company, who foresaw that if the Americans were per-\\nmitted to occupy this country they would be cut oft from a valuable portion\\nof their trade; while the English Government, which had ceded away this\\nextensive tract without any very definite notions of its importance or extent,\\nlooked with complacency on any attempts made by the savages to retain it\\nin their hands. An overreaching spirit had doubtless actuated many of the\\npioneer settlers of the West, and wrongs had been inflicted upon the Indians\\nwhich required correction. Taking advantage of this, the traders, and the\\nEnglish generally, were indefatigable in sowing the seeds of discontent among\\nthe savage tribes and it was contended that they should hold the undis-\\nturbed possession of the Northwestern Territory, without surrendering the\\nright of pre-emption to the United States.\\nThe Prophet commenced his mission among the tribes in 1806. Taking\\nadvantage of the supei-stitious notions of the Indians, he told them that the\\nGreat Spirit had appeared to him in a dream, and appointed him his agent\\nupon the earth and that, as such, his own tribe, the Shawanese, beuig the\\noldest tribe of the West, he was commanded to direct them to form a gen-\\neral confederacy against the United States. He had been instructed also,\\nhe said, to proclaim to the red men that it was the Avill of the Great Spirit\\nthat they should throw away the arts of civilization, return to their skins\\nfor clothing, and to their bows and war-clubs for arms, renounce the intox-\\nicating drinks of the white men for pure water, and, in a word, resume all\\nthe customs of their ancestors. The Americans, he said, had driven the\\nIndians from the seacoast, and were now preparing to push them into the\\nlakes, so that they had no alternative but to make a stand where they were,\\nand drive back these insatiable intruders to the other side of the Alleghany\\nMountains.\\nThe plan of this league was in many respects similar to that formed by\\nPontiac. Tecuraseh s intention was to surprise the posti) of Detroit, Fort\\nWayne, Chicago, St. Louis, and Vincenncs, and to unite all the tribes from\\nthe borders of New York to the banks of the Mississippi.\\nAs early as the year 1807, the Shawanese chief and his brother, the Pro-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "CONDITION AFTER THE SURRENDER OF THE POSTS. 67\\nphet, Avere actively engaged in sending their emissaries, with presents and\\nwar-belts, to the most distant tribes, to induce them to join in the confed-\\neracy; and when the comet appeared in 1811, the latter artfully turned it\\nto account, by practising on the superstitions of the savages. Thus the fame\\nand the influence of the Prophet spread rapidly among the tribes of the\\nNorthwest.\\nOn the 4th of May, a special mission, consisting of deputies from the\\nOttawas, was sent to a distant post upon the borders of Lake Superior, and\\na grand council being there assembled, it was addressed by Le Marquoit,\\nor Trout. He told the Indians that he had been sent by the messenger and\\nrepresentative of the Great Spirit, and that he was commissioned to deliver\\nto them a speech from the first man whom God had created, said to be in\\nthe Shawanese country.\\nHe then informed them what were the instructions of the Great Spirit in\\nthe succeeding address: I am the father of the English, of the French, of\\nthe Spaniards, and of the Indians. I created the first man, who was the\\ncommon father of all these people as well as of yourselves, and it is through\\nhim, whom I have awaked from his long sleep, that I now address you. But\\nthe Americans I did not make. They are not my children, but the children\\nof the Evil Spirit. They grew from the scum of the great water when it\\nwas troubled by the Evil Sj)irit, and the froth was driven into the woods by\\na strong east wind. They are numerous, but I hate them. My children,\\nyou must not speak of this talk to the wjiites; it must be hidden from them.\\nI am now on the earth, sent by the Great Spirit to instruct you. Each\\nvillage must send me tAvo or more })riucipal chiefs, to represent you, that\\nyou may be taught. The bearer of this talk must point out to you the path\\nto my AvigAvam. I could not come myself to L Arbre Croche, because the\\nAvorld is changed from Avhat it Avas. It is broken and leans doAvn, and as it\\ndeclines the ChippcAvas and all beyond will fall off and die; therefore, you\\nmust come to see me and be instructed. Those villages Avhich do not listen\\nto this talk Avill be cut off from the face of the earth.\\nIt Avas by such means that the savages Avere roused to attack the frontier\\nsettlements of the West, and afterAvard to unite Avith the English in their\\nwar Avith the United States. In consequence of these menacing movements\\nof the Indians, it Avas considered adA isable to construct a stockade around\\nthe toAvn of Detroit for its defence. The population Avas as yet small.\\nThere had been, indeed, up to that time but little to encourage the settle-\\nment of the country. The land had not been offered for sale, and a great\\nportion of Western NcAV York Avas still unoccupied: not a single steamer\\nnavigated the lakes, nor had any roads been made into the interior.\\nNor Avas the neighborhood of Detroit Avilhout symptoms of Indian disaf-\\nfection. In September, 1809, a special council of the Hurons Avas called\\nnear BrownstoAvn, aud, at the instigation of their principal chief, Walk-iu-\\nthe- Water, they freely spoke of their grievances to Governor IIull. The\\nspeech addressed by this chief to the governor, setting forth the title of his\\ntribe U) a large tract of territory near the mouth of the Detroit river, which\\nwas claimed by the United States under the treaty of Greenville, shows hoAV\\nmuch dissatisfied they Avere with this treaty, and Avith the encroachments of\\nthe Americans upon their soil. In the midst of all these evidences of dis-\\ncontent on the part of the Indians, Michigan remained in a comparatively\\ndefenceless state. There Avere at this time in the Avhole territory but nine\\nsettlements of any importance; nor Avas the character of the population at\\nthese points such that it could be expected to oppose any very active resist-\\nance m the conflict which seemed to be approaching.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "68 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThese settlements were situated on the rivers Miami and Raisin, on the\\nHuron of Lake Erie, on the Ecorce, Rouge, and Detroit rivers, on the Hu-\\nron of St. Clair, the St. Clair river, and the island of Mackinaw and, in\\naddition to these, there was here and there a group of huts belonging to the\\nFrench fur-traders. The villages upon the INIaumee, the Raisin, and the\\nHuron of Lake Erie contained a population of about thirteen hundred the\\npost of Detroit and the settlements on the rivers Rouge and Ecorce and on\\nthe Huron of St. Clair numbered two thousand two hundred the island of\\nMackinaw, with the small detached log-houses, about a thousand Detroit\\nwas garrisoned by ninety-four men, and Mackinaw by seventy-nine. Thus\\nthe entire population of the State was only about four thousand eight hun-\\ndred, four-fifths of whom were Canadian French, and the remainder chiefly\\nAmericans, with a few English and Scotch.\\nAs there was no longer any doubt of the hostile intentions of the savages,\\nit was deemed prudent to present a memorial to Congress, setting forth the\\ndefenceless condition of the territory and praying for aid from that body.\\nAccordingly, on the 27th of December, 1811, such a petition Avas drawn up,\\nsigned by the principal inhabitants of Detroit, and forwarded to Wash-\\nington.\\nThe joint efforts of Tecumseh and the Prophet were successful in drawing\\na large body of Indians, probably not less than eight hundred, from the\\nshores of Lake Superior to the station of the latter at Tippecanoe, though it\\nis supposed that one-third of their number died of want and hardship on the\\nway. Their plans were now nearly ripe for action, and parties of the Otta-\\nwas, the Miamis, the Chippewas, the Wyandots, the Mississagies, the Shaw-\\nanese, and the Winnebagoes were to be seen with their bodies painted for\\nwar, and again seizing the hatchet.\\nThe first hostile demonstrations were made against the French settle-\\nments, where bands of strange warriors made their appearance, armed for\\nbattle, and painted in the most hideous manner, with feathers stuck in their\\nhair, and strings of bears claws about their necks, entering the houses by\\nf jrce, taking whatever they chose, and wantonly destroying Avith their toma-\\nhawks the beehives in the gardens of the settlers. Near the banks of the\\nKalamazoo, in the county of the same name, a smith s forge had been set\\nup, where hatchets and knives were made for the approaching contest and\\nat no great distance from it, in a retired spot, surrounded by a dense forest,\\nthe Indian women, with their children, had collected, for the purpose of\\nraising corn to furnish a supply of food for the warriors.\\nStill more flagrant acts of aggression were perpetrated in the State of In-\\ndiana, where numerous murders were committed, and horses and other\\nproperty stolen. It had been for some time noticed that the savages were\\ncollecting about the Prophet s station, apparently with no friendly design.\\nA conference was therefore held, in which it was insisted that these hordes\\nshould be made to return to their homes, that the property which had been\\nstolen from the Americans should be restored, and that the murderers should\\nbe given up.\\nTecumseh, on his part, denied that any league, such as Avas complained\\nof, had been formed, and protested that he and his brother had no other\\nobject in collecting the tribes together but to strengthen the amicable rela-\\ntions between them, and to improve their moral condition. In regard to the\\nmurderers of the whites, who were alleged to have taken refuge among his\\ntribe, he denied tliat they were there, saying, at the same time, that even if\\nthey were they ought to he forgiven, as he had forgiven the whites who had\\nmurdered his own people in Illinois.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. 69\\nAll their plans Laving been fully matured, the contest at length began in\\nearnest, on the banks of the Wabash, at the Prophet s town and, while the\\nbattle was raging, tlie Prophet was seen on an adjoining eminence singing\\na war-song to inflame with greater desperation the savage combatants. It\\nwas now no longer doubtful that another fierce and obstinate struggle was\\nto be encountered. The Indian warriors, excited by fanaticism and a thirst\\nfor blood, in opposition to their chiefs, hastened from all sides towards the\\nlake frontier to join Tecumseh. Meanwhile, the English on the ojjposite\\nshores were looking Avith no small interest upon what was passing, regard-\\ning the savages as important allies to their own cause in the conflict in\\nwhich they expected shortly to be engaged. My son, said one of their\\nagents to an Indian chief, keep your eyes fixed on me. My tomahawk is\\nnow up be you ready, but do not strike till I give the signal.\\nThe statement of the fact should not be omitted that about this time the\\nAmerican Fur Company was formed, under the auspices of Mr. John Jacob\\nAstor, of New York. Its operations were carried on much after tlie man-\\nner of the old French and English companies, by establishing chains of\\nposts along the lake shores. This company annually collected a great quan-\\ntity of furs, which were sent by the way of the INIississippi or the lakes to\\nNew York, from whence a large part of them were exj)orted to foreign\\ncountries. They had also an extensive fishery on Lake Superior, where\\nthey took great quantities of trout and whitefish, which were salted, packed\\nin barrels, and sent to the different ports of the adjoining country. But\\nthe company is now virtually extinct.\\nWAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES.\\nIn June, 1812, war was declared between Great Britain and the United\\nStates. Without entering into particulars as to the causes of this war, suf-\\nfice it to say that it was chiefly provoked by the continued impressment of\\nAmerican seamen, the unjust capture of American vessels, and the enforce-\\nment of illegal blockades.\\nGovernor Hull, the year before, had represented to the General Govern-\\nment the exposed and defenceless condition of jNIichigan. That the posts\\nat Detroit, ^lackinaw, and Chicago were badly fortified and with insuffi-\\ncient garrisons, while at no great distance from them there was a large\\nbody of British subjects, who could, in case of war, be brought against\\nthem that the whole American force consisted of ])ut about five thousand\\nmen, whereas the militia of Canada amounted to more than one hundred\\nthousand and that the forests about Detroit were filled with hostile sav-\\nages, who were secretly pledged to the confederacy of Tecumseh. This\\npost he represented as of great importance, inasmuch as it commanded a\\nwide extent of country, and furnished a point of support for operations\\nagainst the Indians of the upper lakes. He proposed, therefore, that a\\npowerful naval armament should be equipped (.m Lake Erie, sufficient to\\ncommand that inland sea, and to co-operate effectively with the force at\\nDetroit or, if that were not done, that a strong detachment of troops\\nshould be marched from Niagara, to act in conjunction with those under his\\ncommand in the invasion of the Britbh provinces.\\nA body of troops was soon collected at Dayton, in Ohio, consisting of\\nabout twelve hundred men, raised by order of the President of the United\\nStates, and their number was somewhat increased by volunteers. These\\ntroops were formed into three regiments, under the command of Colonels\\nMcArthur, Finelly, and Cass, and a fourth regiment, about three hundred", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "70 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nStrong, under Colonel Miller, afterward joined them, the whole being under\\nthe command of General Hull, the governor of Michigan,\\nWith this force the general marched from Dayton towards Detroit,\\nand soon arrived at the Maumee of the lakes. The dense forests through\\nwhich they had to pass, wholly without roads, opposed formidable obstacles\\nto their progress. At the rapids of the Maumee a vessel was procured for\\nthe transportation of the sick soldiers, and of such bulky articles as would\\nencumber the army. As this vessel was proceeding for Detroit by the way\\nof the channel leading to Maiden, she was captured by the British, who\\ncommunicated to the Americans the first news of the declaration of war.\\nOn the fifth of July General Hull arrived at Detroit, where his troops\\nimmediately set themselves to work to prepare for the coming contest.\\nFour days afterward he received a communication from the Secretary of\\nWar, investing him with discretionary power either to seize JNIalden and\\nadvance into Canada, or to remain on the defensive. That place formed\\nthe most prominent and commanding position upon this part of the lake\\ncoast, and its possession would give him advantages in any future opera-\\ntions against the provinces of Canada.\\nHe therefore crossed the Detroit river with his army, and established\\nhimself at Sandwich. From his headquarters at this place he issued a\\nproclamation* addressed to the Canadians, setting forth his object in in-\\nvading their country, and inviting them to place themselves under the pro-\\ntection of the United States protesting, at the same time, against the\\nbarbarity of employing the savages, and threatening indiscriminate retal-\\niation against all who should be found fighting by their side. It was\\nhoped that by this means the French Canadians would be induced either\\nto join the Americans or remain neutral.\\nMany of the American officers were anxious to proceed immediately\\nto the attack of Maiden, but it was determined to wait for heavy artillery\\nto be brought from Detroit. The army, therefore, remained quietly at\\nSandwich, merely sending out occasional foraging parties to procure pro-\\nvisions.\\nGeneral Hull wished to ascertain what was the actual state of things at\\nMaiden, and he accordingly detached Colonel Cass, with two hundred and\\neighty men, to reconnoitre that position. On reaching the river Canard, he\\ndislodged a picket-guard of the enemy, killing ten of their number, and\\nseizing the bridge which they had been stationed there to defend. This\\nbridge was only about four miles from Maiden, and Colonel Cass was\\nanxious to keep possession of it, to aid them in their contemplated attack\\nupon that place. This, however, was thought inexpedient by General Hull,\\nas such a course, he said, would bring on a general engagement, which he\\nwished at that moment to avoid, as his artillery had not yet arrived, and a\\nconsiderable detachment had been sent away from his army.\\nWhile tlie Americans wore thus stationary at Sandwich, a British force\\nwas d(\\\\spatched from the Canada side to take po.sscssiiui of the island of\\nMackiuaw. The whole garrison of this post was only fifty-seven men, under\\nthe command of Lieutenant Hanks and the first intimation which this\\nofficer received of the declaration of war was the arrival of a body of Brit-\\nish troops, supported by more than a thousand Indian warriors, consisting\\nof Sioux, Winncbagoes, Talleswain Ottawas, and Chij^iiewas. The savages,\\nit appears, had been directed, in case of resistance, to show no quarter, and\\nThis energetic and well-written address is said to have been from the pen of Got-\\nernor, then Colonel Cass.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. 71\\nthe odds being so fearfully against him, the American officer immediately\\nsurrendered. A detachment, under the command of Capt. Brush, had been\\nsent by Governor Meigs, of Ohio, to escort a quantity of provisions destined\\nfor the American army, and General Hull, being informed that a body of\\nIndians had left JNIalden to intercept this convoy, despatched Major Van\\nHorn, with two hundred men, for its protection. On arriving at Browns-\\ntown this detachment was suddenly attacked by the savages, who, from\\nbehind a breastwork of logs and the trunks of trees, opened a deadly fire\\nupon the American troops. Major Van Horn, finding himself unable to\\ncontend against the superior numbers of the enemy, retreated to Detroit,\\nleaving eighteen of his men dead on the field.\\nThe ordnance he was waiting for from Detroit not having arrived, on the\\n8th of August General Hull convened a council of war for the purpose of\\ndeciding what should be done, when it was determined to remain two days\\nlonger, and at the expiration of that time to make an attempt upon Maiden\\nat all hazards. Information, however, having been received in the mean-\\ntime that the garrison at ^Maiden had been re-enforced, General Hull\\nchanged his resolution, withdrew his army from the British territory, and\\nretired to Detroit. The reasons he assigned for so unexpected a movement\\nwere, that General Brock was on his way to Maiden with a considerable\\nbody of fresh troops that his communication with Detroit was in danger\\nof being cut off; and that the savage bands from the upper lakes, having\\nno farther occupation in that quarter, )vould soon be pouring down upon\\nhim.\\nAs it was important to open a communication with the River Raisin, that\\nthe army might receive the supplies sent from Ohio, six hundred men, under\\nLieutenant-Colonel JNIiller, had been detached to Frenchtowu by General\\nHull for that object, the day that he crossed the Detroit river. Scarcely\\nhad this body reached Monguagon, when they were attacked by a superior\\nforce of British and Indians, the latter led on by Tecumseh, who opened\\nupon them a destructive fire from their usual lurking-places behind trees\\nand fallen timber, and in thickets of brushwood. The enemy being pro-\\ntected by a dense forest on the left. Colonel ]\\\\Iiller advanced into it with his\\nwhole line, ordering his men to deliver a single fire, and then charge with\\nthe bayonet. This was gallantly done, and the British, as well as their\\nsavage allies, gave way before the fury of the onset. But, though thrown\\ninto confusion and broken, they still continued to fight with the utmost des-\\nperation. Tecumseh, although wounded, was seen in the thickest of the\\nbattle, and his shrill warcry was heard above the fire of the nmsketry. An\\nIndian, whose leg had been broken by a musket-ball, while writhing with\\nthe agony of his wound, loaded his rifle and shot an American horseman.\\nMany of the savages had stationed themselves in the t(jps of the trees, from\\nwhich they discharged their rifles and arrows with deadly aim. The British\\nforce was commanded by INIajor ISIuir, of the forty-first regiment, and was\\nfour hundred strong without the Intlians. The American loss in the action\\nwas ten non-commissioned officers and privates killed and forty-five wounded\\nof the regular troops, and eight killed and forty-five wounded of the Ohio\\nand Michigan volunteers. The British retreated under the cover of their\\narmed vessels, which were anchored in the Detroit river, while the savages\\nscattered themselves in the woods.\\nIt was now determined to bring in the supplies needed for the army by a\\nmore circuitous route, and Colonels j\\\\[c Arthur and Cass, with three hundred\\nand fifty of the best troops, were detached from Detroit on the 13th of Au-\\ngust for that object", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "72 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nOn the 14th the British General Brock arrived at Maiden, and, advanc-\\ning immediately to Sandwich with all his forces, the following day he sum-\\nmoned General Hull to surrender. It is far from my intention, he said,\\nto join in a war of extermination, but you must l)e aware that the numerous\\nbodies of Indians who have attached themselves to my troops will be beyond\\nmy control the moment the contest commences. To this menace the Amer-\\nican general answered, I have no other reply to make than that I am pre-\\npared to meet any force which may be at your disi:\u00c2\u00bbosal.\\nThe character of General Hull seems to have been well understood by the\\nBritish commander. Indeed, in addition to the evidence he had given of\\nindecision in not advancing against Maiden, it was alleged that a jDortion of\\nhis correspondence, found on board an American vessel captured near that\\nplace, but too clearly evinced a want of those qualities which should dis-\\ntinguish a military commander.\\nTecumseh, with his warriors, was at this time with the British general,\\nto aid him in his projected attack upon the American post and the latter,\\nbeing anxious to acquire some knowledge of the country around Detroit,\\nthat he might avail himself of it in case he should from any cause be obliged\\nto retreat into the neighboring forest, applied to this chief for information.\\nTecumseh took a strip of elm bark, stretched it upon the ground, and placed\\na stone upon each corner. Then with his scalping-knife he delineated upon\\nit an accurate representation of the country, with its swamps, woods, and\\nrivers. Pleased with this display of ingenuity, and to show his gratitude\\nfor the important services which this renowned chief had rendered to the\\nBritish cause. Brock took his sash from his waist and presented it to him.\\nThe savage, however, would not wear it, but gave it to the Wyandot chief,\\nKound-Head, because, said he, he is an older and better warrior than I\\nam. Before the British crossed to the American side, their commander\\nexpressed a hope that the Indians, in case Detroit was taken, would not\\nmassacre the defenceless inhabitants. No, answered Tecumseh I despise\\nthem too much to have anything to do with them.\\nAs soon as he received the refusal to capitulate. Brock commenced a can-\\nnonade upon the American fort from across the river. This was answered\\nfrom the opposite shore with considerable effect. An armed vessel being now\\nseen about a mile below Detroit, it was supposed that the British intended\\nto cross there, and Captain Snelling was detached with a body of troops to\\nprevent it. It was suggested at the same time that a single piece of heavy-\\nordnance would compel the British armed vessel to remove from her posi-\\ntion, and keep tlie enemy from landing. This advice, however, was disre-\\ngarded, and Captain Snelling was recalled to the fort by break of day.\\nVery early on the morning of the 16th the whole British force was seen\\nslowly crossing the river under cover of their armed vessels, and they soon\\nlanded and advanced to Springwells without opposition. Here they halted,\\nwhile the British general sent a second summons to the commander of the\\nAmerican post to surrender. It was not long, however, before the enemy\\nwas again seen advancing, his force being composed of regulars and of vol-\\nunteers dressed in British uniforms, approaching nearer and nearer, as they\\nmoved deliberately through the forest bordering on the river, supported by\\ntheir Indian allies under Maissot, Walk-in-the-Water, and Tecumseh. The\\nAmerican soldiers were impatiently waiting for orders to lire upon the advanc-\\ning column, when all at cmce a white flag was hoisted upon tiie walls of the\\nfort. General I lull, with cannon planted and poised to carry dostruction.into\\nthe ranks of the enemy, with a force which, to say the least, could have success-\\nfully resisted any immediate attack, suddenly gave orders that the detach-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. 73\\nments posted outside of the pickets and those on the ramparts should retire\\nwithin the fort. Detroit, in a word, was given up without a shot being fired.\\nThe American soldiers dashed their muskets upon the ground in an agony\\nof mingled shame and indignation. The regular troops were surrendered as\\nprisoners of war, all the public property was given up, and no stipulations\\nwere made in behalf of the Canadian allies. The honor of the American\\narms was tarnished, and General Hull was disgraced forever. The detach-\\nments under Colonel Cass and Captain Brush had been included in the\\ncapitulation, but they fortunately escaped the disgrace that had been j)re-\\npared for them.\\nGeneral Hull was tried for treason and cowardice before a court-martial,\\nand, though acquitted on the first charge, was convicted on th^ second,\\nand sentenced to be shot but, in consideration of his former services in the\\nwar of the Revolution, he was pardoned by the President. There seems\\nto be no doubt in some minds that the conduct of General Hull was not\\nthat of a brave and efficient officer. He neglected to advance into Can-\\nada when he might have done so with a fair prospect of success he evinced\\na want of firmness in resisting the enemy and, finally, he gave up an im-\\nportant post that was prepared for a siege without firing a gun in its de-\\nfence surrendering, at the same time, the entire territory under his charge.\\nOji the other hand, it has been said in his defence that he was in the\\nmidst of an immense wilderness, filled with savages, where he was cut off\\nfrom all aid from the East. It has been alleged, too, that a spirit of insub-\\nordination prevailed among the militia, and that party strife among them\\nran high. But we would draw a veil over the subject. This much is in his\\nfiivor, that the verdict of the court exonerated him from .the guilt of treason,\\nwhatever might have been the verdict of his country.\\nMeantime the military post of Chicago also capitulated. Influenced by\\na fear of the hostile Indians on the borders of Lake INIichigan, General Plull\\nhad, on the first breaking out of the war, ordered Captain Heald, the com-\\nmander of this post, to abandon it and retire to Fort Wayne. A large body\\nof savages had collected around it, and they were promised all the surplus\\nstores if they would abstain from harassing the detachment on its with-\\ndrawal from the fort. There was among these stores a quantity of jiowder\\nand whiskey, either of which it was thought imprudent to relinquish to the\\nIndians tlie former was accordingly deposited in a Avell and the latter\\nthrown away. The savages, however, found out what had been done, and\\nthey were perceived collecting around the fort, apparently with hostile in-\\ntentions. The garrison, consisting of fifty-four regulars and twelve militia-\\nmen, accompanied by twelve families who had fled there for protection,\\nretired from the post, and had not proceeded more than half a mile when\\nthey were attacked by the savages. Having imprudently destroyed the\\nmeans of defending themselves, they were soon compelled to surrender, which\\nthey did not do, however, until about half their number had been killed\\nand several of the women and children. The prisoners were distributed\\namong the neighboring tribes, and on the following morning the fort was set\\non fire and burned to the ground.\\nBeing now in possession of ]\\\\[ichigan, the British established a provision-\\nary government at Detroit, the savages meanwhile being permitted at pleas-\\nure to ravage the frontier settlements and insult the defenceless inhal)itants.\\nBut, although the British arms had been thus far successful, it was deter-\\nmined to wrest from them the advantages they had gained. Accordingly\\nthree separate armies were assembled that of the north, stationed u])on the\\nshores of Lake Champlain, and under the command of General Hampton\\nE*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "74 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthat of the centre, between Lakes Ontario and Erie, under General Dear-\\nborn and that of the west, under General Harrison, to take up its position\\nat the head of Lake Erie. The protection of the Michigan frontier, there-\\nfore, devolved more immediately upon the latter. The defence of Upper\\nCanada was at this time committed to Colonels Proctor and Vincent, and\\nthat of the lower province to General Sheafie, under the direction of the\\ngovernor-general of the provinces.\\nGeneral Harrison lost no time in marching his army towards the lake\\nfrontier. He sent forward a detachment of his forces to Presque Isle, to\\nwait there for the arrival of the main body; and General Winchester, with\\neight hundred Kentuckians, was ordered to advance to Frenchtown, on the\\nEiver Raisin, where he arrived on the 13th of January.\\nThis officer took up a position on the Frenchtown side of the river, close\\nto its banks. Sentinels were placed around the encampment, and the night\\nbeing cold, the troops spent the greater part of it in ranging about the vil-\\nlage. During the evening, a French Canadian from Maiden gave infor-\\nmation that a body of British and Indians, amounting in all to about three\\nthousand men, were preparing to start from that place for the River Raisin\\nsoon after he left. No notice, however, was taken of this intelligence, from\\na belief that it was without any foundation, and, consequently, no precau-\\ntionary measures were adopted, the main road by which alone the enemy\\ncould pass being left entirely unguarded. So completely unapprehensive,\\nindeed, was the American commander of any danger, that he had taken\\nlodgings on the opposite bank of the river, at the house of a Frenchman.\\nEarly on the morning of the 22d of January, just after the reveille had\\nbeen beaten, a rapid fire of musketry was heard from the sentinels. The\\nenemy, it appears, had arrived without being observed during the night, and\\ntaken up a position behind a small ravine, from which he now opened a\\ntremendous fire of shells, and of grape and cannon shot, upon the American\\ncamp. The consternation of the Americans was greatly increased by the\\nadvance of the British troops under Proctor, and by the fiendish yells of\\nthe savages. A general panic ensued, and great numbers were cut down.\\nIn the meantime. General Winchester arrived from the opposite shore, and\\nattempted to rally his retreating soldiers; but, exposed as they were to a\\nheavy fire from the enemy, they continued to fall back. Orders were then\\ngiven to incline towards the centre, and retire within the pickets of their\\ncamp. These orders, however, appear not to have been heanl, and the\\ntroops, pressed by the bayonets of the British regulars, and attacked by the\\nsavages on their right, retreated in great confusion upon the ice across the\\nriver.\\nAn attempt was now made to re-enforce the right wing, but without suc-\\ncess. Owing to the suddenness of the attack, and the want of all prepara-\\ntion to meet it, there was neither system, discipline, nor obedience. The\\nsavages had posted themselves along the ed^ of the surrounding forest, at\\nevery point where there was any chance for retreat. They also completely\\ncommanded the long narrow lane leading to the village, ami here great\\nnumbers of the Americans were killed. On the borders of the wood, the\\ntwo chiefs, Round-Head and Split-Log urged on their warriors to the com-\\nmission of the most frightful cruelties, and here the tomahawk and scalping-\\nknife were dyed in blood. Colonel Allen was shot down, but Majors Graves\\nand Madison continued gallantly to maintain their position within the pickets\\nagainst all the attacks of the British, su])porte(l by their savage allies. Gen-\\neral Winchester had in the meantime been taken prisoner; and not long\\nafter a flag arrived from the British lines with orders addressed to Major", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES, 75\\nMadison from that officer to cease hostilities, and surrender his troops pris-\\noners of war. To this the former replied, that, as the Indians were in the\\nhabit of massacring their prisoners, he would agree to no capitulation unless\\nthe safety of his men was first expressly guaranteed. The surrender was\\nfinally adjusted upon the conditions that the lives of the soldiers should be\\nprotected that individual property should be held sacred that sleds should\\nbe sent the next morning with the wounded to Amherstburg, and that the\\nsidearms of the officers should be restored at ]\\\\Ialden. The battle-field was\\ncovered with the lifeless forms of the brave Kentuckians, who but a few\\nhours before were seen full of hope, and glowing with all the ardor of patri-\\notisin. The painted savage and the British regular, the ardent and chival-\\nrous son of high promise, who had been nursed in the lap of luxury, and\\nthe hardy yeoman, with his sleeves bared for battle, as they had been before\\nrolled up while guiding the plough across his peaceful prairies, lay side by\\nside on this field of death.\\nShortly after the action, Colonel Proctor marched away with his regular\\ntroops and most of his savage allies, the remainder being left to guard the\\nprisoners. At about sunrise the next morning, however, most of the Indians\\nwere seen coming back, painted in the most hideous manner, and in a state\\nof intoxication. It was not long before they set up their horrid yells, and,\\nrushing into the houses where the Avounded prisoners were lying, they tore\\nfrom them their blankets, and then despatched them with their tomahawks.\\nAmong these unhappy men there was a young Kentuckian of extraordinary\\nbeauty. Struck wit h his perfect proportion^! and manly grace, a chief claimed\\nhim as his prize, and led him in triumph, and in seeming admiration, through\\nthe village. But this was only in mockery of his victim; the tomahawk was\\ncommissioned to do its horrid work, and his clustering ringlets were soon\\nseen waving from the scalp-stick of the merciless savage.\\nMost of the prisoners were confined in two houses. These the savages set\\non fire, and, as their victims attempted to escape from the windows, they\\npushed them back into the flames. Major Woolfolk, General Winchester s\\nsecretary, was shot dead in the street and, to complete the atrocity of this\\nbloody transaction, the bodies (jf those who were slain were left where they\\nfell to feed the wolves of the neighboring fjrest. The condition of such of\\nthe prisoners as escaped innnediate death Avas not much better. These were\\nmarched towards Maiden and as soon as, from fatigue and exhaustion,\\nthey were unable to proceed farther, they were immediately despatched, and\\ntheir bodies left unburied.\\nMeantime General Harrison was in Ohio, making every efi()rt in his\\npower to overcome the difficulties by which he was surrounded. Michigan,\\nfrom the nature and position of the country, separated as it was by a dense\\nforest from tho inhabited portions of the United States, and occupied by\\nsavage tribes hostile to their cause, was a conquest of great value to the Brit-\\nish. It gave them the command, too, of the posts on the upper lakes, and\\nthus they were enabled to control the resources of the vast tract of territory\\nalong those inland seas and of the country extending from the western bor-\\nders of Indiana and Illinois to the mouth of the Maumce.\\nThus completely in the possessiim of the British and Indians, and pro-\\ntected l)y the intervening forests, Lake Erie seemed to be the only channel\\nby which Michigan could be approached with a prospect of recovering it\\nfrom the enemy. It became, theretbrc, an object of great importance to\\nobtain the mastery on that lake, which was then commanded by an English\\nfleet under Commodore Barclay.\\nAt this conjuncture, Oliver Hazard Perry, a young officer twenty-eight", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "76 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nyears of age, then in charge of a flotilla of gunboats at Newport, anxious to\\nobtain more active service, turned his attention to this lake and his views\\nhaving been approved by the Naval Department, he proceeded without\\nlose of time to the port of Erie, for the purpose of building and equipping a\\nfleet there sufficiently powerful to give him the command of its waters. A\\nbraver or more efficient officer could have been nowhere found. He was in\\nthe prime of early manhood, active, vigorous, and intelligent, generous, and\\nself-sacrificing even to a fault, and possessed of those fine moral traits which\\ngave a finish to his character, and admirably harmonized with the manly\\nbeauty of his person. He labored with indefatigable zeal to hasten the con-\\nstruction and equipment of his vessels, and, after encountering and over-\\ncoming every kind of discouragement, he at length found himself in the\\ncommand of a sufficient force to meet the enemy. As, however, there was\\na difficulty in crossing the bar at the mouth of the harbor, and he was\\nclosely watched by the British commander, he remained quietly at anchor\\nin port until a favorable opportunity should occur to sally forth. At length\\nthe fortunate moment arrived, and the American fleet was got safely over\\nthe bar, and made its way towards the upper end of the lake. On reaching\\nPut-in Bay, Captain Perry there came to anchor, impatient for an opportu-\\nnity to measure his strength with the enemy, and to wrest from him the\\nsuperiority on this inland sea.\\nOn the 10th of September, at dawn of day, as their anchors were apeak,\\nand the crews of the different vessels were shaking out their topgallant-sails,\\nthe enemy were seen bearing down, under light sail, in order of battle, with\\ntheir hulls newly painted, and the crimson flag of England waving at their\\nmastheads. The British fleet, consisting of the ships Detroit, carrying nine-\\nteen guns, the Queen Charlotte, of seventeen guns, the schooner Lady Pre-\\nvost, of thirteen guns, the brig Hunter, of ten guns, the sloop Little Belt, of\\nthree guns, and the schooner Chipj^ewa, of one gun and mounting two swiv-\\nels, was commanded by a veteran officer of tried skill and valor.\\nThe British vessels no sooner made their appearance than the American\\nfleet prepared for action and stood out upon the lake. It consisted of the\\nbrigs Lawrence, of twenty guns Niagara, of twenty guns Caledonia, of\\nthree guns the schooners Ariel, of four guns. Scorpion, of two guns, Som-\\ners, of two guns the sloop Trippe, of one gun and the schooners Tigress\\nand Porcupine, each of one gun.\\nWhile the two fleets were thus approaching each other the savages were\\nnot idle. Tecumsch had stationed himself with a band of warriors upon the\\nisland at the mouth of the Detroit river, waiting with intense interest the\\nissue of the contest. No sooner was any change made in the movements of\\nthe hostile squadrons than he paddled swiftly over to JMahlen to communi-\\ncate the fact. From the first roar of their guns he predicted the success of\\nthe P^nglish, and was greatly surprised when the news was brought to him\\nthat they had struck their colors to the Americans.\\nThe order of battle decided on by Commodore Perry was to attack the\\nDetroit, the British flag-ship, himself with the Lawrence, to oppose the Niag-\\nara to the Royal Cliarlotte, and the rest of his fleet was ordered to act as\\ncircumstances might nHpiire, and assail the enemy as they should be directed\\nby signals, while the Ariel and Scorpic\u00c2\u00bbn were instructed to take a position\\non the weather-bow and ahead of the Lawrence, in order to draw off a por-\\ntion of the fire from that ship.\\nAs the two fleets nearcd each other, the action was commenced by the\\nenemy s flag-ship, the Detroit, she being mounted with long guns, while the\\nAmerican vessels had only short pieces. The American commander re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. 77\\nsolved to capture the hostile fleet or perish in the attempt, bore down directly\\nfor the Detroit, making signals at the same time for all his vessels to come\\ninto close action. Owing to causes which are not very clearly understood\\nthe Niagara did not bear down to his aid. Still he was undaunted, although\\nalone and exposed to nearly the whole of the enemy s fire. Ranging along\\nthe front of their scjuadron, single and unsupported, he successively poured\\nup:jn their ships from the battery of the Lawrence tremendous broadsides\\nof ball and grape, while he received from them in return a no less destruc-\\ntive fire, which shivered his spars and covered his decks with wounded and\\ndead. Such a fire no single vessel could long withstand. The hull of his\\nship was pierced in every direction, twenty-one of his men had been killed,\\nsixty-one were wounded, and only fifteen remained who were capable of\\nduty. All of his cannon except one had been dismounted, and this he con-\\ntinued to work with his own hands.\\nHis ship being thus a complete wreck, and incapable of being longer de-\\nfended, he determined to abandon her and ordering his boat, amid a\\nshower of shot, he proceeded to the Niagara, which vessel then lay at a con-\\nsiderable distance and had not been yet brought into close action. Meet-\\ning Captain Elliott at the gangway, he requested him to take the boat in\\nwhich he had come and bring up the rest of the vessels, while he himself\\nwould bear down upon the enemy with the Niagara. The flag of the Law-\\nrence now came down, amid the cheers of the British sailors, who supposed\\nthat the American l\\\\cet had struck. Ordering every sail on boai d the Niag-\\nara to be set, he was not long in closing with the enemy s shi^DS and pass-\\ning along their line he poured upon them, in quick succession, tremendous\\nbroadsides. Having driven the Royal Charlotte out of line, he next at-\\ntacked the Detroit, and by the severity of his Mre drove her men from their\\nquarters. Captain Elliott now came up with the smaller vessels, and, taking\\na raking position under the stern of the Detx oit, assisted to complete the\\nvictory. The slaughter on board this ship was dreadful twenty -seven of\\nher men had been killed and ninety-six wounded. At length a white hand-\\nkerchief was hung out on the end of a boarding-pike as a signal of surren-\\nder the triumph was complete, and all the vessels of the enemy were taken.\\nThe dead of both fleets were buried on an island in the lake.\\nThe conduct of Perry was no less distinguished by humanity after the\\naction than it had been by skill and bravery while the battle was raging\\nand the British commander long afterward expressed his grateful recollec-\\ntion of the generous courtesy of his youthful conqueror. It is thus that the\\nhorrors of war are in some degree softened by a display of the kindlier feel-\\nings of our nature.\\nThis brilliant success gave to the Americans the uncontrolled command\\nof the lake, and on the 23d of September their fleet landed twelve hundred\\nmen near Maiden, Colonel Proctor, however, had previously evacuated\\nthat post, after setting fire to the fort and to the public store-houses. Com-\\nmodore Perry in the meantime passed up to Detroit with the Ariel to assist\\nin the occupation of that town, while Captain Elliott, with the Lady Pre-\\nvost, the Scorpion, and the Tigress, advanced into Lake St. Clair to inter-\\ncept the enemy s stores.\\nThus General Harrison, on his arrival at Detroit and IMalden, found both\\nplaces abandoned by the enemy, and was met by the Canadians asking for\\nhis protection. Tecumseh proposed to the British commander that they\\nshould hazard an engagement at Maiden but the latter foresaw that he\\nshould be exposed to the fire of the American fleet ia that jwsition, and\\ntherefore resolved to march to the IMoraviau towns upon the Thames,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "78 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nnear St. Clair Lake, above Detroit, and there try the chance of a battle.\\nHis force at this time consisted of about nine hundred regular troops and\\nfifteen hundred Indians commanded by Tecumseh. The American army\\namounted to two thousand seven hundred men, of whom one hundred and\\ntwenty were regulars, a considerable number militia, about thirty Indians,\\nand the remainder Kentucky riflemen, well mounted, and mainly young\\nmen, full of ardor, and burning Avith a desire to revenge the massacre of\\ntheir friends and relatives at the river Raisin.\\nThe American general lost no time in seeking the enemy, whom he found\\ndrawn up in order of battle and prepared to receive him. On his right, in\\na sAvamp, was posted Tecumseh with his Indian Avarriors, Avhile the space\\nbetween them and the river was occupied by the regular troops. The Amer-\\nican general extended his line to the same length with that of the British\\ninfantry, his small body of regulars he ordered to seize the enemy s artil-\\nlery, and the few friendly Indians were directed to act on his flank.\\nIt had been determined to penetrate the swamp and turn the right of the\\nIndians, as they could not cross the river, and flie infantry were on the point\\nof making this movement, when it Avas ascertained that the British Avere\\ndraAvn up in a double line, and that, to enable them to occupy the Avhole\\nspace betAveen the SAvamp and the river, they had been obliged to open their\\nfiles. The plan of attack was therefore changed, and Colonel Johnson, Avith\\nhis mounted Kentuckians, Avas ordered to charge the enemy in front. These\\nbrave volunteers rushed upon the British column AA-ith such impetuosity\\nthat, unable to resist the fierceness of the onset, it broke and fled. Cleared\\nof the regular force of the enemy, the battle-field noAV exhibited a series of\\npersonal encounters between the Kentuckians and Indians. Tecumseh,\\nbeing Avounded, it is said, and exasperated to desperation by the flight of\\nhis allies, resolved to sell his life as dearly as possible. Rushing, therefore,\\ninto the hottest of the conflict, he soon fell, pierced by a pistol-ball, and\\ninstantly expired.\\nThis renowned chief deserves a passing notice. He possessed a noble\\nfigure, his countenance Avas strikingly expressive of magnanimity, and he\\nwas distinguished by moral traits far above his race. He Avas not remark-\\nable for eloquence, or even for intellect, but he AA as a Avarrior in the broadest\\nIndian sense of the word. Without the far-reaching vicAVS of Pontiac or\\nhis hereditary rank, still, in sudden action and desperate A alor, he shoAA ed\\nhimself superior to that chief; and, though a ncAV man, he acquired un-\\nbounded influence, and placed himself above all competitors as the great\\nchampion of Indian rights. AVhile his brother, the Prophet, AA as the prin-\\ncipal manager of the confederacy in all that related to its organization and\\nplans, he was its executive arm in the field. There Avei e other peculiarities\\nby Avhich he was no less distinguished. Like Pontiac, he manifested a deep\\ninterest in regard to the manners and customs of the Avhites; he Avould not\\nsanction the barbarities practised by the Indians, and he disdained the per-\\nsonal adornments in Avhich they so much delight. Although holding the\\nrank of a brigadier-general in the British service, he pertinaciously adhered\\nto his Indian garb a deerskin coat, Avith leggins of the same material, Avas\\nhis constant dress, and in this he Avas found dead at the battle of the Tliames.\\nDuring the latter years of his life he Avas almost incessantly engaged either\\nin the council or at the head of his Avarlike bands, and he sunk at last on\\nthe field of his glory, Avith tomahaAvk in hand and the cry of battle upon\\nhis lips.\\nLike monumental bronze, unchanged his look,\\nA soul which pity touch d, but never shook", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "TRANSITION FROM TERRITORY TO STATE. 79\\nTrain d, from his tree-rock d cradle to his bier,\\nThe fierce extremes of good and ill to brook;\\nUnchanging, fearing but the shame of fear,\\nA stoic of the woods, a man without a tear.\\nWith the death of Tecumseh the confederacy was dissolved, and a peace\\nwas conchided with the Ottawas, Chippewas, Miamis, and Pottowatamies.\\nThe American fleet was now employed in removing the ammunition and\\nstores from the captured British posts; and on the 18th of October General\\nHarrison and Commodore Perry issued a joint proclamation at Detroit for\\nthe better government of the territory of Michigan, and guarantying to the\\ninhabitants their rights of property, and the enjoyment of their ancient\\nusages and laws.\\nThe island of Mackinaw Avas now the only part of the territory remaining\\nin the possession of the enemy. This being a post of great importance, from\\nits commanding the upper lakes, and being the centre of the fur-trade, a\\nfleet under Commodore Sinclair, with a body of land forces under Colonel\\nCroghan, the gallant defender of Sandusky, was despatched in July, 1814,\\nfor the purpose of capturing it. After reconnoitering the coast near the\\nisland, the commodore proceeded to the neighboring island of St. Joseph,\\nwhere he destroyed a few trading-posts and then returned.\\nMeanwhile, the British commandant was actively employed in strength-\\nening his defences, and in summoning to his aid the nearest savage tribes.\\nIt was at first proposed to attack the post .near the village, as that part was\\nthe most free from trees, and, consequently, afforded less covert to the In-\\ndians. This, however, was objected to by Sinclair, as his fleet would be\\nhere exposed to the fire of the fort. It was finally concluded to land on the\\nnortheastern side of the island, although from this point they would be\\nobliged to traverse its Avhole breadth, through a dense forest, in order to\\nreach the British position. After marching some distance through the\\nwilderness, on arriving at a small clearing, the detachment was fired on\\nfrom all sides by the savages stationed in the surrounding woods. Major\\nHolmes, at the head of a considerable force, was directed to charge the\\nenemy but, as he was gallantly executing the order, he was shot down by\\na rifle-ball. The fire, indeed, was so destructive, that the advanced party\\nwas obliged to retreat to the main body, upon which the whole force retired\\nto their bouts, abandoned the enterprise, and returned to Detroit. In con-\\nsequence of this failure, the British retained possession of Mackinaw until\\nthe conclusion of peace.\\nThe victory of Commodore Perry having secured the command of Lake\\nErie, Proctor s army having been routed, and the Indian confederacy broken\\nup, nothing of special interest transpired in Michigan during the remainder\\nof the war. Colonel Cass was left with a brigade f )r the protection of the\\nterritory, which he effectually accomplished, until the treaty of peace, con-\\ncluded at Ghent on the 17th of February, 1815, put an end to all farther\\nhostilities.\\nTRANSITION FROM TERRITORY TO STATE.\\nMichigan now emerged into a new existence. Colonel Cass, who had\\nserved with great credit during the war, was appointed governor of the ter-\\nritory, and under his administration it gradually advanced in prosperity.\\nHitherto there had been but little inducement for immigration from the\\nEast tlie public lands had not been brought into the market, and recently\\nthe country had been suffering under the devastation of war. The beau-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "80 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ntiful oak-openings on the Kalamazoo, the fertile tracts on the borders of\\nGrand River, the prairies of the St. Joseph, and the rich and inviting slopes\\nalong the shores of Lake Michigan, were traversed only by the wild beast\\nand the savage, and the streams navigated only by the bark canoe. The\\nfeeble settlements on the frontier had been converted into scenes of desola-\\ntion no roads through the interior had been constructed and tlwj only\\naccess to the country by land from the East was through the trackless\\nwilderness distinguished by the name of the Black Swamp, and by the mil-\\nitary road along the Detroit river. Everything, therefore, was to be done\\nto develop the resources of the territory, and to secure to it the advantages\\nwhich, from its position and the fertility of its soil, it was entitled to enjoy.\\nIt would appear, however, that the character of the country in regard to\\nthe latter particular was at that time but little understood, as is shown by\\nthe following fact In 1812, Congress had passed an act providing for the\\nsurvey of the bounty-lands to be granted for the soldiers enlisting for the\\nwar which had then just commenced, and this survey was directed to be\\nmade in the territory of Michigan. The persons employed for this object,\\nhowever, made so unfavorable a report in regard to the soil, representing it\\nas marshy and everywhere sterile, that in 1816 the act was repealed, and the\\nquantity of land required for this purpose was ordered to be surveyed in\\nArkansas and Illinois. The surveyors either did not make a thorough exam-\\nination of the soil, or, what perhaps is more probable, they were deceived\\nby the sandy nature of the oak-lands, which have a yellowish color before\\nthey are brought into cultivation, but which, from the quantity of lime they\\ncontain, turn black after they are exposed to the action of the sun and air\\nby the plough.\\nDuring that year, however, and the two following, the country was more\\nfully explored, and numerous tracts of fertile land, with a rolling surface,\\nvariegated by groves and lakes, were discovered. These lands were forth-\\nwith surveyed, and in 1817 and 1818 portions of them were offered for sale,\\nshowing the superiority of our enlightened and liberal laws, contrasted with\\nthe narrow policy of the former possessors of the soil. A great change now\\ntook place in public opinion in regard to the value of these lands, and sub-\\nsequent surveys more fully confirmed the inaccuracy of the impressions which\\nhad hitherto prevailed in relation to them.\\nWith tlic in -roduction of steam navigation upon its vast inland seas, a new\\nera may be said to have commenced in the history of the progress of the\\nWest. This was in 1819, when the first steamboat, the Walk-in-the-Water,\\nmade her appearance on Lake Erie, crossing that lake and passing up to\\nMackinaw.\\nBy the census taken about that time, the population of Michigan was\\nascertained to be eight thousand eight hundred and ninety-six. Detroit\\ncontained two hundred and fifty houses, and fourteen hundred and fifteen\\ninhabitants, independent of the garrison. The island of Mackinaw, which\\ncontinued to be a central mart for the fur-trade, had a stationary popula-\\ntion of four hundred and fifty, which. Avas at times increased to not less than\\ntwo thousand by the Indians and traders who resorted there from the upper\\nlakes. The settlement at the Saute de Ste. Marie contained only fifteen or\\ntwenty houses, occupied by French and P^nglish families.\\nAlthough, by the ordinance of 1787, lot number 16 was directed to be\\nreserved in every township for the support of common schools, no measures\\nhad yet been taken to introduce a system of public instruction, if we except\\nthe act passed by the governor and judges in 1817 for the establishment of\\nwhat was styled in it the Catholepesiemiad, or University of Michigan. This", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "TRANSITION FROM TERRITORY TO STATE. 81\\nact, which was drawn up by Augustus B. Woodward, Chief Justice of the\\nTerritory, is a very curious document. He was a gentleman possessing ex-\\nteiLsive acquirements, but was not a little eccentric in his character, and the\\nviews he entertained on this and some other subjects were certainly not very\\npractical. The phraseology of the act is not its least singular feature, and\\nwould seem better suited to the age of my Lord Coke than to the under-\\nstanding and condition of a race of new settlers engaged in clearing away\\nthe forest. This university was to have thirteen dlduxia or jjrofc j^sursliips,\\neach of which was to be liberally endowed, and it was designed to lay bruad\\nand deep the foundations for a thorough education.\\nIndeed, all Judge Woodward s projects seem to have been upon no very\\nmoderate scale. Detroit is indebted to him for a plan of the city laid out\\nin the form of a cobweb, with public squares, a circus, a Campus Martins,\\nstreets, cross-streets, avenues, c., more vast in its conception and more\\ncomplex in its design than ancient Rome, and requiring a longer period to\\nfill it up than from the time of Romulus to our own day. The utilitarian\\ntendencies of his successors, however, have made strange havoc with this\\nmagnificent plan, the traces of which are now noAvhere visible but on the\\nmap.\\nOn the admission of Illinois into the Union in 1818 all the territory lying\\nnorth of that State and Indiana was annexed to Michigan; and the follow-\\ning year Congress passed an act authorizing the election of a delegate from\\nthe Territory to the National Legislature, who should have the right of\\nsjieaking, but not of voting. This was of great advantage to the inhabitants,\\nas they were thereby provided with a representative through whom they\\ncould make known their wants to the General Government.\\nMichigan, meanwhile, gradually continued to advance in population.\\nThe settlers extended themselves along the banks of the rivers Raisin, Hu-\\nron, and St. Clair, and cleared away the forest from the spots where now\\nstand the villages of Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, Pontiac, Jackson, and Tecum-\\nseh.\\nThat portion of the Territory, however, situated upon the borders of the\\nupper lakes was then but little known and in 1820 an expedition was set\\non foot for the purpose of exploring it, to ascertain the number and condi-\\ntion of the Indian tribes in that quarter, and to select such positions as\\nmight be most favorable for its defence. This exjjedition, which was under\\nthe direction of Governor Cass, was accompanied by a mineralogist, a topo-\\ngraphical engineer, and a physician was provided with an escort of sol-\\ndiers, and the commanding officers of the posts along the lakes were ordered\\nto ati( rd it every facility in their power. The i)arty started from Detroit\\non the 24th of May in bark canoes manned by voyagev.rs and Indians.\\nPassing up the river St. Clair, they proceeded along the shores of Lake\\nHuron, vu ited the island of Mackinaw, then maintained as a trading-post\\nby the Northwest Company, and socm arrived at the Saute de Ste. Marie.\\nThis was considered a favorable point for the establishment of a military\\npost. By the treaty of Greenville, concluded in 1795, the Indians had\\nagreed that all the lands which they had granted to the French or English\\nshcndd be transferred to the Ignited States. This place they had ceded to\\nthe French, who had formerly maintained a garrison here: it was clear,\\ntherefore, that it came within the provisions of that treaty. A council was\\ntherefore called, at which the Indian chiefs attended, dressed in fine broad-\\ncloths and decorated with trinkets of British manufacture. The savages\\nopposed the occupation, and sought to prevent it by denying all knowledge\\nof tlio orig-inal cession and when it was fully explained to them they still\\nF", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "82 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\npersisted in withholding their consent, though in less positive terms, sug-\\ngesting that their young men might prove unruly and kill the cattle which\\nshould stray from the post. This being understood as intended for a threat,\\nGovernor Cass replied that he would give himself no farther trouble to con-\\nfer on the subject, but that so sure as the rising sun would set in the west,\\nso sure should an American garrison be established at that place, whatever\\nmight be their decision.\\nThe chiefs, who appear to have been under British influence, now spent\\nseveral hours in discussion. Some of them were willing that the Americans\\nshould occupy the post if there were no troops stationed there. At length\\na chief, who held the rank of a brigadier general in the British service,\\nseized his war-lance and struck it furiously on the ground, intimating there-\\nby that the place would not be given up except to superior force, and the\\ncouncil soon afterward dispersed in a hostile spirit.\\nThe expedition under Governor Cass consisted of sixty-six men, of whom\\nthirty were regular soldiers, and the savages numbered about eighty war-\\nriors. The latter occupied the site of the old French fort and the Ameri-\\ncans were drawn up upon the bank of the river St. Mary, a ravine separat-\\ning the two at a distance of five or six hundred yards.\\nWhile the Americans were waiting to see what would be the issue of the\\nafiair, the British flag was hoisted from the midst of the Indian encampment\\nby the chief who had shown so hostile a disposition in the council. On dis-\\ncovering this, Governor Cass ordered his men to stand by their arms, and,\\ntaking an interpreter, proceeded directly to the Indian camp. Here he\\nindignantly tore down the obnoxious flag, telling the chief who had hoisted\\nit that it was an insult of the grossest kind that the flag was the emblem\\nof national sovereignty that the ensigns of two different nations could never\\nfloat on the same soil that they would not be permitted to raise any other\\nthan that of the United States and that if they attempted it again that\\nPower would set a strong foot upon their necks and crush them to the earth.\\nWhen he had said this the governor returned to his encami)ment, and a few\\nminutes after he arrived there the Indian women and children were seen\\nquitting their lodges and getting on board their canoes. No act of hostility,\\nhowever, was committed and some of the older chiefs, who had not been\\npresent at the council, came forward and made overtures of peace. At seven\\no clock the same evening a treaty was concluded with them, by which they\\nceded to the United States a tract of four miles square around the Saute,\\nincluding the portage, the site of the old French fort, and the village, re-\\nserving to themselves the right of fishing at the falls and of encamping upon\\nthe shores. The calumet was smoked, and blankets, knives, silver trinkets,\\nand broadcloths w^ere distributed among them.\\nEverything having been settled, the expedition started again, and pro-\\nceeded along the shores of Lake Superior. Here they were struck with the\\nappearance of the Pictured Rocks, which extend for miles along the shores\\nof the lake, stained with a variety of hues by the washing of mineral waters,\\nand which exhibit to the delighted beholder the most singular scene ima-\\nginable of Nature s painting. They visited also the Doric Kock, which pre-\\nsents the appearance of a rude though magnificent piece of architecture\\nchiselled from the solid .stone, and examined other curiosities on this part\\nof the coast. The Copper Rock, at the mouth of the Outonogon river, which\\nhas from time innneniorial been the subject of Indian superstition in this\\nwild, se(iucstered ri-gion they found particularly worthy of notice.\\nHaving completed its survey, the expedition returned to Detroit by the\\nway of Lake Michigan. The results were a more accurate knowledge of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "TRANSITION FROM TERRITORY TO STATE. 83\\nthe geography of the country and of tlie operations of the Northwest Fur\\nCompany, the selection of sites for a line of military j)osts, and several im-\\nportant treaties with the Indian tribes, ceding valuable tracts of land to the\\nUnited States. Mr. Henry K. Schoolcraft, who accompanied the expedi-\\ntion, afterward published his journal, giving a particular account of the\\nC(juntry, and of the incidents which occurred along their route.\\nSoon after this an important change took place in the government of the\\nterritory. In 182o Congress passed an act abrogating the legislative power\\nof the governor and judges, and establishing a legislative council, to consist\\nof nine members, limiting also the judges term of office to four years. Two\\nyears afterward all county officers, excepting those of a judicial character,\\nwere made elective by the peoi)le all executive appointments were required\\nto be ap{)roved by the legislative council; and an act was passed empower-\\ning the governor and council to divide the territory into townships, to incor-\\nporate the same, and to define their rights and privileges.\\nThe Erie Canal, which had been commenced in 1817, was in 1825 opened\\nfor navigation from the Hudson to Buffalo; and this event forms an impor-\\ntant epoch in the progress of Michigan. The effect of this great public\\nimjirovement on the interests of the West was twofold it cheapened the\\nforeign merchandise of Avhich it stood in need, and in the same or a still\\ngre^iter proportion enhanced the value of its agricultual products. Its lands\\ntherefore increased in value, new facilities and new motives were offered for\\nsettlement, and from this period those vast and fertile regions advanced\\nrapidly in population and general prosperity.\\nTo meet the claims of the increasing population of the territory, new\\nprivileges were granted. In 1827 the legislative council was made elective\\nby the people^ with the power of tuiacting laws, subject to the approval of\\nCongress and the veto of the local executive; and upon this footing things\\nremained until the territory was admitted into the Union.\\nGovernor Cass, meanwhile was indefatigable in his effJjrts to have roads\\nconstructed through the interior, and, warned by the experience of the past,\\nto provide effectually for the })ublic defence. His whole administration,\\nindeed, was characterized by a persevering zeal to promote the prosperity\\nof Michigan to improve its institutions, and to develop its resmirces.\\nA new im])ulse, as we have already remarked, had been giveu to the pro-\\ngress of the West. It offered a boundless field for enterprise, and began to\\nbe considered the proper asylum and retreat for all who would better their\\nfortune by indastry. It was emphatically the poor man s country, where\\nhis labor was sure to be rewarded by competence, and eventually by wealth.\\nHence population flowed in rajjidly from the East. The hardy settlers,\\nscattering over the country, made the woods resound with the stroke of the\\naxe and everywhere the smoke of their cabins was seen ascending from the\\ndepths of the forest. The lakes presented a no less animated scene: the\\nwhite wings of commerce were spread out upon their waters, and the cloud\\nfrom the dLstant steamer was seen stretching along the horrizou. The reign\\nof Nature in these hitherto silent and secluded .solitudes was at an end, and\\ntluit of man. with all its life, and bustle, and activity, had begun.\\nIn 18;]1, General Cass, having been appointed secretary of war, was suc-\\nceeded l)y ^Ir. George B. Porter in the government of the territory, the\\npopulation of which at this time amounted to about thirty-five thousand.\\nDuring his administration, Wisconsin, which had before been annexed to\\nMichigan, was erected into a separate territory. Meantime the commerce\\non Lake Erie was rapidly increasing. A road, which was, to say tbe least,\\npassable at some seasons of the year, was constructed across the Black", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "84 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nSwamp, and numerous avenues were opened into the interior. In conse-\\nquence of these improvements, the country became better known, a spirit of\\nspeculation Avas awakened, and, in addition to the actual settlers, the woods\\nwere traversed by numbers in search of desiralde tracts, Avhich they pur-\\nchased at the Government price, in the expectation of realizing large profits\\nfrom their rapid increase in value.\\nThe method adopted by the Government in making their surveys is one\\nof great accuracy. Two straight lines were drawn across the territory, the\\none running north and south, the other east and west. The north and south\\nline was denominated the principal meridian, and the east and west line was\\ncalled the base line. The territory was then divided into townships six\\nmiles square, and these were subdivided into thii-ty-six sections of a square\\nmile each, the toANTiships being numbered in regular order, commencing at\\nthe meridian and base lines and increasing as they receded from them. The\\nmathematical accuracy of this method, and the farther circumstance that\\neach section and township, and also the lines of the sections, Avere blazed or\\nmarked upon the trees, enabled the emigrant, even in the depths of the\\nforest, to find clear landmarks to guide his course and to ascertain the ac-\\ntual boundaries of each tract. The smallest lot which could be purchased\\nwas one of eighty acres, or a fractional lot made by a township line or by\\nthe course of a stream.\\nPrior to the year 1820, the established Government price for land was\\ntwo dollars an acre, one-fourth of which was required to be paid at the time\\nof purchase, and the remainder in three annual instalments, the land being\\nsubject to forfeiture if these Avere not punctually paid, Avhile a discount of\\neight per cent. Avas alloAved if the whole amount Avas paid in advance. This\\nsystem, hoAvever, Avas found to be productive of serious evils. The exi^ecta-\\ntion of gain induced many to make large purchases, and Avhile some realized\\nfortunes, perhaps, from their investments, others, Avho Avere less successful,\\nAvere Avithout the means of paying their instalments, and thus the Avhole\\nbecame liable to forfeiture. These results led to a total change of the sys-\\ntem. The price of the public lands was reduced from two dollars to one\\ndollar and a quarter the acre, the Avhole of Avliich Avas required to l)e paid\\ndown at the time tlie purchase Avas made. This Avas attended Avith the best\\neffects, preventing a A^ast deal of trouble and loss to the Government, dis-\\ncouraging reckless speculation, and enabling the industrious settler Avith\\nmoderate means to acquire for himself a clear and unencumbered title to\\nhis land.\\nMeauAvhile, a controversy sprang up which came near terminating in\\nserious collision with a neighboring State. By the ordinance of 1787 it Avas\\nprovided that anyone of the grand divisions Avithin the limits of the North-\\nwest Territory should be entitled to admission into the Union AvheucA er its\\npopulation amounted to sixty thousand and Michigan having already that\\nnumber of inhabitants, claimed the right thus granted. The controversy\\nalluded to Avas in relation to the l)ounchiry-line lictAveen the latter and Ohio,\\nas established by the ordinance of 1787. Each government claimed a rich\\nand extensive tract as falling Avithin its limits, Avhich Avas made still more\\nvaluable from the pn)j)osed terminus of the Wabash and Fjvle canal, a Avork\\nof great promise, being included Avithiu it. So mucli excitement, indeed,\\nprevailed that both parties sent a military force to the disputed fi-ontier.\\nThe people of Michigan, having called a convention and formed a State\\nconstitution, petitioned Congress to l)e admitted into the Union, claiming as\\na part of their territory the tract in dispute Avith Ohio. Congress, however,\\ndecided in favor of the latter State, and assigned to Michigan, in place of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "HISTORY AS A STATE AND PRESENT CONDITION. 35\\nthe fertile strip along her southern border, about twenty -five thousand square\\nmiles of barren, mountainous country on the shores of Lake Superior.\\nWe here conclude our brief account of Michigan as a territory, AVe liave\\nseen it in the infancy of its settlement, under the bligliting eifects of feudal\\ninstitutions similar to those existing in Finance at that i)eriod, being then\\nlittle more than a mere ranging-ground for the Jesuit missionary and the\\nfur-trader, a waste I oamed over by the wild beast and the savage, and de-\\nsignedly kept in this state as a shelter for the fur-bearing animals. We\\nhave seen the French banner supplanted by the red cross of England with-\\nout producing any material change in the condition of the country. And,\\nfinally, we have seen the stars and stripes of our own Republic planted on\\nthe soil, and witnessed in the extraordinary hnprovements which have since\\ntaken place the wonder-working energies of our free institutions.\\nHISTORY AS A STATE AND PRESENT CONDITION.\\nIn the foregoing pages the reader has been presented with a picture of\\nINIichigan in her youth it now becomes our duty briefly to consider her\\nattractions and condition as a prosperous matron. From the time when she\\nentered the Union as a State, until she became a distinguished del cnder of\\nthe United States against the assaults of the Great liebellion, the story of\\nher career is without any peculiar incidents of misfortune or renown. In\\nwhat manner, and with whose help, she defended the nation in its period of\\ndanger, will be fully set forth by another liand, in the succeeding part of\\nthis volume, while the present writer will content himself in this and the\\nfollowing chapters with a concise com])ilatiou from official documents of the\\ncivil affairs of the State down to the present time, together with a glance at\\nsome of its later developments.\\nThe act of Congress which finally admitted Michigan into the Union with\\nher constitution of September, 1835, was approved January 26, 1887, and\\nStevens T. JNIason entered at once upon his duties as the first elective gov-\\nernor. Although a Virginian by birth, he had been six years identified\\nwith the territory as secretary and acting g(jvernor. He was elected gov-\\nernor of the prospective State, however, in Oct(jber, 1835, and continued in\\nthat position until January, 1840. The estimated poj)ulation of the State\\nin 1837 was about two hundred thousand and its area was then estimated\\nat forty thousand square miles, which was divided into thirty-six counties.\\nFrom the very start the genius of her people was exemplified by the enact-\\nment of laws, for the building of not less than four railroads, several of\\nwhich, under new names, were destined to be eminently successful. And\\nthen the special attention of her legislators was turned to the cause of edu-\\ncation. An act was passed in March of that year for the organization and\\nsupport of the primary schools, thereby keeping pace with the will of Con-\\ngi-ess in setting aside for school purposes one thirty-sixth part of the public\\nlauds in the State; and, within the same month, the other important act\\nwas passed wdiich gave existence to the University of Michigan. It was to\\nbe located at Ann Arbor, placed in charge of a board of twelve regents,\\noriginally appointed by the governor, but subsequently elected by the peo-\\n})le, with the governor, lieutenant-governor, judges of the Supreme Court,\\nand the chancellor of the State, as ex officio members. It was to have three\\ndepartments, one of literature, science, and art the second of law, and the\\nthird of medicine. It was to have not more than twenty-six professorships;\\nand its support was to be derived from a grant of seventy sections of land,\\nwhich the superintendent of public instruction, then in office, valued at ucarly", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "86 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nnine hundred and twenty-two thousand dollars. Special attention was also\\ndirected to the mineral resources of the State an appropriation of twenty-\\nnine thousand dollars made for a geological survey and the appointment\\nof State geologist was conferred upon Dr. Douglass Houghton, who did more\\nthan any other man to make known to the world the mineral riches of Mich-\\nigan. Nor were the pioneer legislators of the new State unmindful of the\\ncause of internal improvement, for they at once passed an act establishing\\na board of seven commissioners for that purpose, of which the governor Avas\\nmade president, and that board authorized a immber of surveys for rail-\\nroads. For the central route, from Detroit to the mouth of the St. Joseph,\\nthey appropriated four hundred thousand dollars for the southern route,\\nfrom Monroe to New Buffalo on Lake Michigan, one hundred thousand\\ndollars for the northern route, from Black to Grand river, fifty thousand\\ndollars; and at the same time legislative acts were also passed incorporating\\nthe roads between Detroit and Shiawassee, and Gibraltar and Clinton. The\\ncommendable spirit of enterprise thus manifested by the public authorities\\nwas seconded by the people at large, as may be seen by glancing at the agri-\\ncultural statistics published in 1838. The rye crop, for example, amounted\\nto 21,944 bushels oats, 1,116,910; buckwheat, 64,022; flax, 43,826 pounds;\\nhemp, 524 pounds; neat cattle, 89,610; horses, 14,059; sheep, 22,684; and\\nswine, 109,096. When compared with the present, these figures seem almost\\ninsignificant, and yet they told a flattering tale, and the absence of any\\nallusion to the great staple of wheat will strike the reader as remarkable.\\nIt was also in 1838 that appropriations were made for the survey of the St.\\nJoseph, Kalamazoo, and Grand rivers, with a view to the improvement of\\ntheir navigation.\\nIn 1839 the militia of the State Avas regularly organized, and eight divi-\\nsions, with tAvo brigades of tAA o regiments each, Avere assigned to the folloAV-\\ning generals John R. Williams, George Miles, Charles C. Hascall, John\\nStockton, Joseph W. BroAvn, Isaac E. Crary, EdAvin M. Bridges, and Horace\\nH. Comstock. Another event of this year Avas the completion of the Peni-\\ntentiary at Jackson, which Avas built on the plan of the iiunous prison at\\nAuburn, Ncav York and as to the progress of education throughout the\\nState, the ofiicial reports gave the number of nearly thirty thousand pu])ils\\nin the common schools, and the amount of money expended during the year\\nas more than eighteen thousand dollars. With this year also terminated\\nthe administration of Governor Mason, Avho, besides having had the honor\\nof inaugurating the new State, proved himself to be not only a man of abil-\\nity, but a faithful i riend of IMichigan. He had emigrated from Virginia to\\nthe Territory in 1831, Avhen he Avas appointed its secretary, in his nineteenth\\nyear, and he only lived about three years after retiring from the ofiice of\\ngovernor of the State, to Avhich he Avas twice elected, and Avhich he filled\\nAvith credit and ability.\\nThe second Governor of the State was William Woodbridge, who served\\nin that capacity from January, 1840, to February, 1841, when he resigned\\nto accept a seat in the United States Senate. His advent to the Territory\\ndated as far back as 1814, when he was appouited to the post of secretary;\\nafter which, in 1819, he was elected a delegate to Congress, made a judge\\nof the Supreme Court in 1 828, took an active i)art in the Constitutional Con-\\nvention of 1835, and was chosen in 1837 to the State Senate. After leaving\\nthe executive chair, the then lieutenant-governor, J. Wright Goidon, l)ecame\\nthe acting governor, and serveil as such for the balance of the term. In\\nlooking over the records, we find tlie leading events of this joint administra-\\ntion to have been as follows: The railroad from Detroit to Ann Arbor, a", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "HISTORY AS A STATE AND PRESENT CONDITION. 87\\ndistance of forty miles, was comi)leted and branches of the State Univer-\\nsity were established at Detroit, Pontiac, INIonroe, Niles, Kalamazoo, Grand\\nRapids, Jackson, White Pigeon, and Tecumseh. The ])i)pulati()n of the\\nState had now risen to more than two hundred and twelve thousand, and\\nthe leading towns claimed the following nundiers, viz Detroit, nine thou-\\nsand one hundred and one; Ypsilanti, two thousand four hundred and nine-\\nteen; Pontiac, nineteen hundred and four; Marshall, seventeen hundred\\nand sixty-three and Monroe, seventeen hundred and three. And after\\nwhat manner the State was progressing in material wealth may be gathered\\nfrom the subjoined figures. In 1841 the average price of wheat was seventy\\ncents per bushel, and the crop amounted to $2,100,000: corn was sold for\\nthirty cents, and amounted to 6810,000 oats twenty cents, and the yield\\n$800,000 hay five dollars per ton, and the amount $750,000 pork was\\nsold for two cents per pound, and the profit was $900,000 the fur-trade\\namounted to $425,000 the potato crop to 2,051,000 bushels whiskey and\\nhiirh-wines, $400,000 maple sugar, $83,151 fish trade, $192,000 wool,\\n$70,000 dairies, $300,000 and home-made goods, $100,000. The exports\\ni\\\\)V that year amounted to nearly four millions of dollars; and as the result\\nof the distribution act of Congress the State became possessed of five hun-\\ndred thousand acres of public land, many })ortions of which were selected\\nwith great care and were to become the foundation of an important revenue.\\nAssociated with the administration of G(jvernor Gordon was the reorganiza-\\ntion of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons, with the constitutional number of\\nlodges. Of the early introduction of this oi der into the Territory of INIichi-\\ngan we have no satisfactory data. The Grand Lodge was first organized at\\nDetroit June 24, 1826 Avas incorporated by the Legislative Council in 1827\\nand by a formal resolution, adopted in 1829, masonic labor was sus})ended.\\nA general meeting of the Masons of the State was called for inquiry in 1840,\\nand in 1841 the former grand officers granted dispensations for several\\nlodges. The first grand master under the original organization was General\\nLewis Cass. The Grand Royal Arch Chapter w-as organized in 1848 the\\nGrand Council of Royal and Select INIasters was organized in 1858 and the\\nGrand Commandery, Knights Templar, was organizeil January 15, 1857.\\nIn jS ovembcr, 1842, commenced the administration of John S. Barry as\\nGovernor of the State, and he continued in that position until November,\\n1845. He was an emigrant from New England, and had been a resident\\nof ^Michigan for many years and the town in which he settled was Con-\\nstantine, where he occupied a high position. During the first year of his\\nterm he had the satisfaction of seeing the university opened for the reception\\nof students, when the charge for tuition was fixed at ninety-four and a half\\ndollars per annum, or three hundred and seventy-eight dollars for the full\\ncourse of four years. The Central and Southern Railroads Avere now pro-\\ngressing rapidly, the former having been finished to ^larshall, one hundred\\nand ten miles, and the latter to Hillsdale, sixty-eight miles. The private\\nroads from Toledo to Adrian, and twenty-five miles of that from Detroit to\\npontiac were also completed. The number of pupils rei)orted as attending\\nthe common schools was nearly fifty-eight thousand, and the school tax for\\nthe year amounted to fifty-four thousand six hundred and forty dollars. In\\n1 ^43 a State land office was established at Marshall, which was invested\\nwith the charge and disposition of all the lands belonging to the State, and\\nto Digby V. Pall was assigned the duty of conducting the affairs of the\\noffice. In 1844 the taxable property of the State was found to be$28,554,282,\\nthe tax being at the rate of two mills on the dollar the expenses of the State\\namounted to seventy thousand dollars the income from the two railroads", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "SS CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwas about three hundred thousand dollars the University had now become\\nso prosperous that its income was ample to pay the interest on the University\\nstock and the amount of money which the State was able to loan to the\\nseveral progressing railroads was one hundred and twenty thousand dollars.\\nRenewed efforts were noAV made to increase the efficiency of the common\\nschools, and those who were acquainted with them were beginning to see\\nthat the schools of Michigan would be but little behind those of the Eastern\\nStates. In 1845 the population of the State had nearly reached three hun-\\ndred and five thousand, which was a gain in five years of not less than\\nninety-two thousand and in his message to the Legislature Governor Barry\\nstated that the indebtedness of the State amounted to $4,077,177, while its\\nresources reached $4,150,000.\\nThe successor of Governor Barry was Alpheus Felch, who took the exec-\\nutive chair in November, 1845, and continued in it until March 3d, 1847,\\nwhen he resigned to accept a seat in the United States Senate. He emi-\\ngrated from Maine to Michigan when quite young, and as early as 1836\\nbecame identified with public affliirs, first as a member of the Legislature,\\nthen as a bank commissioner, as auditor-general of Michigan, and also as a\\njudge of the Supreme Court. The leading incidents of his administration\\nwas the sale to private corporations of the two railroads belonging to the\\nState, the Central having brought two millions of dollars and the Southern\\nroad five hundred thousand dollars. It was in 1846 that the L^niversity\\nlibrary was enriched with a choice collection of about five thousand vol-\\numes purchased in Europe the exports for that year amounted to S4,( )4T,()\\nthe tonnage of vessels enrolled in the collection district of Detroit was 26,1)28\\ntons the steam-vessels numbering 8,400 and the sailing vessels 18,527, the\\nwhole of them giving employment to eighteen thousand seamen. In 1847\\nthe counties in the State numbered thirty-nine, and the townships four hun-\\ndred and thirty-five, of which two hundred and seventy were supplied with\\ngood libraries, containing in the aggregate thirty-seven thousand volumes.\\nIndeed the common schools seem to have prospered beyond all expectations,\\nfor now the scholars numbered about ninety-eight thousand pupils, and in\\nthe 2,869 districts were employed twelve hundred male teachers and nearly\\ntwo thousand female teachers. During the unexpired nine months of Gov-\\nernor Felch s term, the Lieutenant Governor, William L. Greenley, per-\\nformed the duties of governor. It was while this administration exist-\\ned that the war with INIexico was commenced and terminated and in\\nanswer to the requisition from the War Department JVIichigan furnisliod to\\nthe cause one regiment of volunteers, commanded by Thomas W. Stockton,\\nand one independent company, at a cost of about ten thousand five hun-\\ndred dollars. The people were willing to volunteer, but owing to the im-\\nperfection of the -militia laws the troops were obtained with some difficulty.\\nIn November, 1847, Epaphroditus Ransom became the Governor of\\n^lichigan, and served out his term of two years to November, 1849. He\\nwas a New England man, and had served in the Michigan Legislature. It\\nwas his privilege to sign the bills for establishing the Asylum tor the Insane\\nat Flint, and also the Asylum fur the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind at Kalama-\\nzoo, both of which institutions were liberally endowed with lands, and each\\nof them placed in charge of a board of five trustees. The appropriation in\\n1869 for the deaf and dumb and blind amounted to $81,500. On the first\\nof ]\\\\Iarch, 1848, the first telegraph line was completed from New York to\\nDetroit, and the first despateii transmitted on that day.\\nWith regard to the agricultural interests of the State, their progress was\\nquite unprecedented and for the benefit of comparison with previous as", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "HISTORY AS A STATE AND PRESENT CONDITION. 89\\nwell as subsequent years we submit the following figures bearing upon 1849.\\nThe land reported to be under cultivation at that time amounted to 1,437,460\\nacres, and of wheat there were produced 4,739,800 bushels other grains\\n8,179,767 bushels avooI, 1,645,756 pounds maple sugar, 1,774,369 pounds\\nhorses, 52,305 neat cattle, 210,268 swine, 152,541; sheep, 610,534 and\\nwhile the flour mills numbered two hundred and twenty-eight, the lumber\\nmills amounted to seven hundred and thirty. In 1847 the act was passed\\nremoving the seat of government from Detroit to Lansing, and temporary\\nbuildings for the use of the Legislature were at once ei-ected at a cost of\\n$12,450.\\nIn November, 1849, John S. Barry was again and for a third term called\\nupon to take charge of the State as its governor. He continue l in otlice\\nuntil November, 1851. Among the first acts of the Legislature to which he\\nappended his name was one for the establishment at Ypsilanti of a Nor-\\nmal school, which was endowed with lands and placed in charge of a board\\nof education consisting of six persons. But the two great events which\\ntranspired during his administration Avere, first, the removal of the seat of\\ngovernment from Detroit to Lansing, and, secondly, the adoption of the\\npresent Constitution of the State, an authentic copy of which will be found\\nat the conclusion of this volume. As late as 1846 the site of the new capi-\\ntal was occupied by only one log-cabin, and it derived its name from one\\nof its earliest settlers. It is located on Grand river, in Ingham county, was\\norganized as a city in 1859, and, in addition to an important Avater privi-\\nlege, it enjoys the advantages of a rich agricultural country which surrounds\\nit on every side. Another event of importance which transpired during the\\nadministration of Governor Barry was that known as the Great Railroad\\nCompany Case. A series of lawless acts had been committed on the prop-\\nerty of the Michigan Central Railroad Company along the line of their road\\nand especially at Leoni and Michigan Centre, in Jackson county and, final-\\nly, their depot in Detroit was burnt in 1850 by an infernal machine. Thir-\\nty-seven men were brought to trial in 1851, and of these twelve were con-\\nvicted. The conspirators were defended by William H. Seward, of New\\nYork, and the prosecution was conducted by Alexander D. Fraser, of De-\\ntroit, and the judge who presided on this occasion Avith great ability Avas\\nWarner Wing.\\nIn vicAV of the fact that the commercial advantages of Michigan are quite\\npeculiar, and unequalled by any other of the interior States of the Union,\\nwe may, Avith propriety, at this point, take a glance at her immediate sur-\\nroundings. The five great lakes Avith Avhich she is so closely connected\\ndrain an area of 335,515 square miles, and the navigable Avaters extending\\nfrom Lake Erie doAVUAvard Avill^dmit the passage of vessels not exceeding\\n130 feet keel, 26 feet beam, and 10 feet draught. The total traffic of these\\ngreat Avaters in 1851 Avas estimated at 326,000,000, emi)loying 74,000 tons\\nof steam and 138,000 tons of sail. In 1839 the twenty -five largest steamers\\non these lakes had an aA^erage of 449 tons burthen, while the average of\\nthose Avhich flourished in 1851 Avas about 1000 tons. In the former year,\\nthe first-class steamers took ten days to make the round trip from Bufiiilo\\nto Detroit, but in the latter year the swiftfest steamers only required tliree\\ndays to perform the same trip. The total number of steamers on Lakes\\nErie and Michigan and the straits Avas 140, and the numbers belonging to\\nthe districts of Detroit 47, MackinaAv 12, and Chicago 4. And in this con-\\nnection, the fact is Avorth stating that during the nine years preceding 1851\\nthe steamboat tonnage of the Mississippi alley had only doubled, but that\\nduring the same period the tonnage of the great lakes more than (juadru-\\nF*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "90 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nl^led itself, whereby we obtain an idea of the remarkable increase of the\\nlake country, in population, production and trade.\\nIn IS^ovember, 1851, Robert McClelland became the governor of the State\\nand his administration lasted \\\\intil March, 1853, when he resigned to accept\\na seat in the Cabinet of President Pierce as Secretary of the Interior. He\\nhad become a citizen of Michigan as far back as 1833, and had served not\\nonly in the State legislature, but also as a Representative in Congress. On\\nhis retirement, the lieutenant-governor, Andrew Parsons, became the acting\\ngovernor, and continued to act until the close of the term in November,\\n1854. Perhaps the most significant fact connected with that year was, that\\nthe pupils throughout the State who attended the common schools, were not\\nless than one hundred and seventy-five thousand, an increase in four years\\nof forty-three thousand. Such victories of peace are what Michigan has\\nalways prided herself upon, and are in perfect harmony with the victories\\nof war, in behalf of the Union, upon which she justly prided herself ten\\nyears afterwards.\\nFrom November, 1854, to November, 1858, the executive chair was filled\\nby Kinsley S. Bingham. He emigrated to Michigan in 1833, and, prior to\\nhis election as governer, he had served with honor both in the State legisla-\\nture and as a Representative in Congress. All the material interests of the\\nState progressed with rapidity during his administration, but the most nota-\\nble event of his first official term was the completion of the Ship Canal at\\nthe falls of St. Mary. In 1852, August 26, an act of Congress was approved\\ngranting to the State of Michigan seven hundred and fifty thousand acres\\nof land, for the purpose of constructing a Ship Canal between Lakes Huron\\nand Superior. In 1853, February 5, the legislature of Michigan accepted\\nthe grant made by Congress, and provided for the appointment of commis-\\nsioners to select the donated lands, and to arrange for building the canal,\\nA company of enterprising men was formed, and a contract was entered\\ninto, by which it was agreed that the canal should be finished in two years,\\nand the work proceeded. Every article of consumption, machinery, work-\\ning implements and materials, timber for the gates, stone for the locks, as\\nwell as men and supplies, had to be transported to the site of the canal from\\nDetroit, Cleveland, Chicago, and other lake ports the stone for finishing\\nthe locks having been brought from INIarblehead near Sandusky City, Ohio,\\nand from the Detroit river. The rapids or Savte which had to be surmoun-\\nted have a fall of seventeen feet and are about a mile long. The length of\\nthe canal is less than one mile, its width one hundred feet, depth twelve\\nfeet, and it has two locks of solid masonry. The contracting parties had\\nmany drawbacks to contend with in their operations, a sickly season having\\nbeen one of them, but they persevered, and in May, 1855, the Avork was\\ncompleted, accepted by the commissioners and formally delivered to the\\nState authorities. The disbursements on account of constructing the canal\\nand selecting the lands, amounted to ^999,802, while the lands which were\\nassigned to the company and selected through the agency at Saute Ste.\\nMarie, as well as certain fine lands in the upper and lower peninsula, filled\\nup to an acre the full measure of the Government grant. In consideration\\nof its national character, as a highway between the lower lakes and Lake\\nSuperior, and in view of the sound character of the work, the jriginatoi-s\\nand builders of this canal deserve the gratitude of tlie country. With re-\\ngard to the laws of Michigan, it should be mentioned here that in 1857 two\\nvolumes containing all the statutes down to date were compiled by Thomas\\nM. Cooley, and published in two volumes at Lansing under the authority\\nof the State legislature.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 91\\nThe successor of Governor Bingham was Moses Wisner, and his term\\nextended from November, 1858, to November, 18G0. He emigrated from\\nNew York to Michigan in 1839 was a hiwyer by profession, and a true\\nl^atriotic citizen of the State. Soon after his retirement, the muttcriugs of\\nthe Great Rebellion began to be heard, and he, together with his two suc-\\ncessors, Austin Blair and Henry H. Crapo, each of whcjm was twice elected,\\nwei e so identified with the military operations of the State during the war,\\nthat we shall leave their services to be considered by our colleague in the\\nsecond part of this volume while our own biographical notices of all the ter-\\nritorial and State governors of Michigan will be reserved i or the concluding\\npart of the volume. In the meantime, however, we may in this ])lace intro-\\nduce with pro})riety the names of the several governors and administrators,\\nunder whose jurisdiction Michigan has been placed since the erection of the\\nroyal government, more than two hundred years ago. Under French rule\\nthey were Sieur de Mesy, appointed in IGGo Sieur de Courcelle, 1065\\nSieur de Frontenac, 1672 Sieur de Barre, 1682 Sieur Marquis de Nou-\\nville, 1685 Sieur de Frontenac, 1689 Sieur Chevalier de Callieres, 1699\\nIManiuis deVaudreuil, ITOo; jMarquis de Bcauharnais, 1726; Sieur Compte\\nde la Gallisonicre, 1749 Sieur de la Jonquiere, 1749 Marquis du Quesne\\nde Menneville, 1752; and Sieur de Vandreuil de Cavagnal, 1755. Under\\nEnglish rule the governors were James Murray, 1765; Paulus Emelins\\nIrving, 1766; Guy Carleton, 1766; Hector T. Cramahe, 1770; Guy Carle-\\nton, 1774; Frederick Haldemand, 1774 Henry Hamilton, 1774; Henry\\nHope, 1775; Lord Dorchester, 1776; Alured Clarke, 1791 and Lord Dor-\\nchester, 1798. The American governors, by appointment and election, have\\nbeen William Hull, 1805 Lewis Cass, 1814 George B. Porter, 1832 Ste-\\nvens T.Mason, 1834; John S.Horner, 1835; Stevens T. Mason, 1836;\\nWilliam Woodbridge, 1840; J.Wright Gordon, 1841; John S. Barry, 1842;\\nAli)lieus Felch, 1845; Epaphroditus Ransom, 1847; John S. Barry, 1849;\\nRobert jMcClellan, 1851 Andrew Parsons, 1853 Kinsley S. Bingham,\\n1854 Moses Wisner, 1858 Austin Blair, 1861 Henry H. Crapo, 1865\\nand Henry P. Baldwin, 1869. And for purposes of reference, we also\\ninsert at this point the progress of population for the half-century preceding\\nthe vear 1860 as follows Population in 1810, 4,762 1820, 8 ,765 1830,\\n31,639 1840, 212,267 1850, 397,654 and 1860, 749,113. At our present\\nwriting the result of the current census, for 1870, is not oflicially known\\nbut should the last decade be equal to that which preceded it, the popula-\\ntion of IMichigan might be set down at about fourteen hundred thousand.\\nHaving thus taken a brief chronological view of the leading events in the\\nhistory of Michigan as a State, we now i)ropose to lay before the reader\\na more comprehensive account of her condition at the close of Governor\\nCrape s administration, with some particulars of a later date, and what we\\nprojiose to submit shall be arranged under the several heads of Education,\\nAgriculture, Mineral Wealth, Railroads, Lumbering Interest, Fisheries,\\nCommerce, The Indians and Antiquities of the State, and Recent Develop-\\nments.\\nEDUCATION.\\nAmong the very first laws enacted by the Legislature of INIichigan after\\nits organization as a State was one for the establishment of the State Uni-\\nversity, founded on the act of Congress of 1826, which appropriated two\\nentire townshii)S of wild land for the special purpose. That action on the\\npart of its original legislators, suggested by a clause in the constitution", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "92 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nenjoining upon the legislature the encouragement of learning and the gen-\\neral diffusion of knowledge among the jDeople, was highly creditable to\\ntheir intelligence, and was the key-note to the subsequent prosperity of the\\nState. A prime mover in this enterprise was the Rev. John D. Pierce, the\\nfirst superintendent of public instruction and among the professors first\\nchosen were Asa Gray and Douglass Houghton, the first as professor of\\nbotany and zoology, and the second of geology and mineralogy. By care-\\nful and judicious management the University has progressed so rapidly that\\nit is now awarded a prominent place among American institutions, and in\\nforeign countries the mother State is more Avidely known through the fame\\nof her University than through any other means. In July, 1868, Mr. Pierce\\nread a paper before the association of county superintendents, at Marshall,\\nin which he recounted the interesting history of the University, and from\\nwhich we make the following extract\\nIt was reserved to IMichigan to rear up, within thirty years from its\\ninception and the location of its site, an institution rivaling, not only Yale\\nand Harvard, but outstripping them both. This now is universally acknowl-\\nedged. Men from the oldest institutions in the United States concede the\\ngreat fact. The best authorities say that the University of Michigan is a\\nmarvel. Thirty years ago the land the forty acres that it now occupies\\nwas an unfurrowed plain, whose soil the plough had never chafed, never\\ndisturbed where, but as yesterday, the deer roamed free as air, the wolf\\nhowled, and the Indian pitched for the night and kindled his camp-fires.\\nYou will find in all the history of the past nothing to compare with it in the\\nrapidity of its development and growth.\\nIt was not until 1850 that the University had any recognized head. In\\n1842 it had four professors; in 1850 the medical department was organized;\\nin 1859 the law department; and in 1860 the professorships numbered twenty-\\neight and the students six hundred. The total disbursements from 1837 to\\n1851 amounted to $286,928 but since that time the receipts and expendi-\\ntures have greatly increased. For five years preceding 1868 the number\\nof students averaged more than one thousand, and in the latter year the\\nreceipts amounted to $62,772.82, derived from the following sources inter-\\nest from the University fund, $37,086.22, and from students fees, $25,686.\\nThe buildings in which it is domiciled are the chief attraction of the beau-\\ntiful city of Ann Arbor, are handsome and imposing, commandingly situ-\\nated and surrounded by tastefully laid out grounds, bordered with beautiful\\nshade trees. In its organization, the university conforms to the Prussian\\nsystem which is regarded as the most perfect in the world. According to\\nthe thirtieth report of the board of regents, the names of the professors,\\ninstructors, and other ofiicers of the institution were at that time as follows,\\nthe first chancellor or president, elected in 1852, having been Dr. Henry\\nTappan\\nRev. Erastus O, Haven, D.D., LL.D., President of the Univei-sity, and\\nProfessor of Logic and Political p]conomy salary $2,000.\\nRev. George P. Williams, LL.D., Professor of Physics; salary $1,500.\\nAbram Sager, INI.A., INI.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Wo-\\nmen and Children; salary $1,000.\\nSilas II. Douglass, j\\\\I.A., IM.D., Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy,\\nPharmacy and Toxicology salary $1,500.\\nJames *R. Boise, LL.D. Professor of the Greek Language and Literature;\\nsalary $1,500.\\nAlonzo B. Palmer, ]\\\\I.A., M.D., Professor of Pathology, the Practice of\\nMedicine, and of Hygiene salary $1,500.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 93\\nAlexander Winchell, LL.D., Professor of Geology, Zoolog} and Botany;\\nsalary 81,500.\\nCorydon L. Ford, ]M.A., ]\\\\I.D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology\\nsalary $1,000.\\nHenry S. Frieze, M.A., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature;\\nsalary $1,500.\\nDo Volson Wood, C. E. M. A., Professor of Civil Engineering salary\\n$1,500.\\nHon. James V. Campbell, LL.D., Marshal Professor of Law salary\\n$1,000.\\nHon. Charles I. Walker, Kent Professor of Law; salary $1,000.\\nHon. Thomas M. Cooley, Jay Professor of Law; salary $1,000.\\nJames C. Watson, M.A., Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Ob-\\nservatory salary $1,500.\\nSamuel G. Armor, INI.A., ]M.D., Professor of Institutes of IMcdicine and\\nMateria Medica; salary $1,000.\\nEdward P. Evans, Ph. D., Professor of JModern Languages and Litera-\\nture salary $1,500.\\nRev. Lucius D. Chapin, M.A., Professor of Moral and Intellectual Phi-\\nlosophy; salary $1,500.\\nEdward Olncy, M.A., Professor of Mathematics salary $1,500.\\nRev. Andrew Ten Brook, JM.A., Librarian salary $1,500.\\nAshley Pond, M.A., Fletcher Professor of Law salary $1,000.\\nWilliam W. Greene, M.D., Professor of Civil and Military Surgery; sal-\\nary $1,000^\\nAdam K. Spence, INI.A., Professor of the French Language and Litera-\\nture salary $1,500.\\nCharles K. Adams, M.A., Professor of History salary $1,500.\\nMoses C. Tyler, M.A., Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature sal-\\nary $1,500.\\nAllen J. Curtis, M.A., Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and English Liter-\\nature salary $1,500.\\nAlbert B. Prescott, INI.D., Assistant Professor of Civimistry and Lecturer\\non Organic Chemistry and Metallurgy; salary $1,000.\\nGeorge B. Merriman, M.A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics salary\\n$1,000.\\nStillman W. Robinson, C. E., Assistant Professor of Mining, Engineering,\\nand Geodery salary $1,000.\\nMartin L. D Ooge, M.A., Assistant Professor of the Ancient Languages\\nsalary $1,000.\\nHenry S. Cheever, ]\\\\I.A., ]\\\\I.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy and Curator\\nof the Medical Museum salary $500.\\nGeo. E. Frothinghani, M.D., Prosector of Surgery and Assistant Demon-\\nstrator of Anatomy salary $500.\\nJohn II. Burleson, Secretary and Stewart; salary $1,000.\\nHon. D. Mclntyre, Treasurer\\nPreston B. Rose, M.D., Assistant in Chemistry salary $300.\\nAlbert E. Foote, M.D., Assistant in Chemistry salary $250.\\nWilliam J. Cocker, Assistant in General Library salary $4()0.\\nSilas H. Douglass, M.A., M.D., Dean and Secretary of Medical Faculty\\nsalary $200.\\nWilliam C. Durkee, LL.B., Law Librarian salary $110.\\nAV. J. English, Keeper of the Museum; salary $150.\\nJohn Carrington, Janitor salary $400.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "94 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nGregory Naglee, Janitor salary S400.\\nJames bttley, Janitor salary 6400.\\nRobert HoAvard, Janitor salary S400.\\nAlthough some changes have taken place in this list it is given in full for\\nfuture reference.\\nThe whole number of professors in 1869 was thirty-six and the students\\nin attendance during that year numbered twelve hundred and twenty-three,\\nof whom 418 were in the department of science, literature, and arts; 418 in\\nthe department of medicine and surgery, and 387 in the department of law.\\nThe total number of graduates was three hundred and five, a larger num-\\nber than were ever before graduated of whom eighty were doctors of medi-\\ncine, one hundred and fifty-two bachelors of law, and seventeen mining and\\ncivil engineers. The receijits from various sources for the year amounted to\\naliout seventy-seven thousand dollars, the whole of which was expended.\\nThe University, in view of its vital and intimate connection with the general\\nschool system of the State, has aimed to lay a foundation sufficiently broad\\nto satisfy all just demands. It has laid out the work of the department of\\nscience, literature, and arts in six parallel courses of study, not taking any\\nother American or foreign college for its model, but endeavoring to meet\\nthe exact and just demands of the school system of the State. By an act\\nof the Legislature, passed in 1855, it was provided that there shall always\\nbe at least one professor of homoeopathy in the University, and yet the board\\nof regents from that time to 1868, notwithstanding the numerous changes in\\nits membership, had never appointed a professor with that title. In 1867\\nthe Legislature granted further aid to the University on condition that the\\nlaw should be executed and with this law before tliem the regents deter-\\nmined to appoint such a professor, but made it incumbent upon him to lec-\\nture in some place outside of Ann Arbor. It was thought this would be a\\ncompliance with the law, and prevent any unhappy conflicts in the regular\\nmedical school. The Supreme Court of the State decided against this ac-\\ntion, and so the gift of the Legislature was not available. At this point of\\nthe controversy the President of the University, E. O. Haven, discussed the\\nquestion at issue in a calm and judicious manner, taking the ground that\\nno partisan professorships of any kind or name should be established, and,\\nafter making an earnest appeal to the Legislature to reverse their action,\\nconcluded by saying that the Regents ought to respect the will of the people,\\nand must in the end accept the aid tendered by the State on the conditions\\ninsisted upon. Another subject of vital interest to the cause of education,\\nwhich has created a diversity of opinion in INIichigan, is the admission of\\nwcmien to the University. In 1867 the Legislature adopted a resolution to\\nthe effect that the high objects for which the University was organized will\\nnever be fully attained until women are admitted to all its rights and privi-\\nleges. The Presid(;nt then in office noticed this subject in his annual report,\\nand set forth his objections to the demand made, and recommended that no\\nchange at that time should be made in the policy of the University but the\\nProsidont subsequently gave it as his opinion that the best method for Mich-\\nigan would be to make provision for the instruction of women at the L^ni-\\nversity on the same conditions as men. He came to this conclusion slowly.\\nA few objections, he argued, have sometimes seemed to me strong, but\\nthe most of what is urged against it is fanciful and ])artakes of the nature\\nof the thoughtless opposition made to what is new. The standard of educa-\\ntion would not be changed. The habits of study would not be affected.\\nThe honor of the University would rather be increased than diminished. It\\ndoes not injure the young men of the Sorbonue in Paris that ladies also can", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 95\\nlisten to the lectures. The demand that women woidd enjoy the .same ad-\\nvantages as men grows out of Christian civilization, and if difficulties arise\\nwe must not shrink from them, but overcome them, llesponsibility makes\\nstrength. But, notwithstanding the President s argument and the existing\\nlaw, the question is still in abeyance.\\nWith regard to the museum attached to the University, all are agreed in\\npronouncing it interesting and valuable. The natural history collection\\nembraces six thousand European minerals, jjurchased of the late Baron\\nLedever; a large collection of minerals irom Lake Superior, the fruit of\\ngeological surveys and expeditions, and of the liberality of Professors Hough-\\nton and AVinchell; also a very large zoological collection, consisting of\\nbirds which visit Michigan, with most of the nuimmals of the State; nearly\\na complete series of the reptiles found east (jf the Kocky ^lountains two\\nthousand species of molusca, embracing all the land and fresh-water forms\\nof the Northern and Western States a considerable collection of fishes and\\nradiata the Winchell collection of land and fresh-water shells, from all\\nparts of the State and from Jamaica two thousand specimens of insects\\nthe Trowbridge collection of animals from the Pacific coast and more than\\ntwo thousand species illustrative of the flora of the State. To all of which\\ncollections important additions are annually made.\\nThat part of ihe museum connected with the medical department has\\nbeen selected and prepared with direct reference to teaching. Besides con-\\ntaining a number of adult skeletons, art;iculated and separate, of the most\\nperfect description, there are prepai-ations illustrating the various stages of\\ndevelopment and change, from the first rudiments of fo3tal life to extreme\\nold age and a variety of partial or complete skeletons of inferior aniumls,\\nto exhibit the various modifications. It contains, likewise, beautifully pre-\\npared skulls and teeth, to illustrate first and second dentition, and othei-s\\nshowing many of the diseases to which they are subject. Various arterial\\npreparations, complete and partial, aflbrd good facilities for studying the\\nvascular system. Several hundred alcoholic preparations of healthy aud\\ndiseased structures hunum and comparative furnish important aid in\\nillustrating physiology and pathology; while models in ])laster and papier-\\nmache, with n valuable collectionof plates, splints, aud surgical instruments,\\nmeet the wants of the more practical branches. An important addition to\\nthese means of illustration has recently been nuide by an importation from\\nEurope, of great beauty and value among which are a collection of bones\\nof the head, disarticulated and mounted, aud an extended collection of wax\\nmodels, illustrative of various anatomical and pathological conditions, in-\\ncluding representations of the anatomy of the pelvis and its contents, of\\nseveral varieties of hernia, of specimens of small-pox and the vaccine disease,\\nand of a large number of cases in ophthalmic surgery, etc. The department\\nof the museum illustrative of materia medica consists of a very complete\\nsuite of crude organic medicinal substances, embracing between five and\\nsix hundred specimens imported from Paris, put up in beautiful glass-cov-\\nered half-gallon jars of uniform appearance, finely dis])Iayed, arranged\\naccording to their order in natural history, and labeled in both French and\\nEnglish besides about one thousand other s])ecimens of simple mineral and\\nvegetable substances and pharmaceutical and officinal preparations, active\\nprinciples, etc., arranged in groups convenient for study; and altogether\\ncomprising a collection which, in amount, variety, and adaptness to the pur-\\nposes of instruction, it is confidently believed is not equaled by any of a\\nsimilar character even in the older institutions in this country. Besides\\nthese actual specimens, medical botany is illustrated by between one and tw(j", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "96 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhundred large and finely-colored plates, framed and glazed, and displayed\\nfor observation. A full suite of instruments used in diseases of females is\\ndeposited in the museum, ilhistrating the surgical processes required in this\\nclass of cases and the magnificent portraits of cutaneous diseases, by Dr.\\nErasmus Wilson, and the no less useful collection by Dr. Robert Willis,\\nillustrate very fully this department of Pathology.\\nThe collection in that i)art of the museum devoted to the fine arts and\\nhistory was commenced in the year 1855 by Professor Frieze, and at\\npresent comprises 1. A gallery of casts, in full size and in reduction, of\\nthe most valuable ancient statues and busts. These were mainly executed\\nat the imperial modeling establishment of the Louvre, by Desachy, of\\nParis, and by the brothers Micheli, of Berlin. 2. A gallery of more than\\ntwo hundred reductions and models, in terra cotta, and other materials.\\nThese represent the principal statues, portrait busts, vases, and other\\nantiquities in the Museo Borbonico, and other European museums. They\\nwere executed at Naples. 3. A gallery of engravings and photographic\\nviews, executed in Italy and Greece, illustrating especially the architectural\\nand sculptural remains of ancient Rome, Pompeii, Paestum, Athens, and\\nCorinth. 4. The Horace AVhite collection of historical medallions, com-\\nprising, first, four hundred and fifty casts from antique gems in the Royal\\nMuseum at Berlin, illustrative of ancient history second,over five hundre^l\\ncasts illustrative of mediaeval history and of the Renaissance period third,\\nabout four hundred medallion portraits of leading personages in modern\\nhistory. These portraits were derived from authentic sources, and reduced\\nwith fidelity, and the whole w^ere cast by Eichler, of Berlin. Not included\\nwith the above are several busts and reliefs, copied from Thorwaldseu,\\nCanova, Powers, and others, and also a copy of the Laocoon, presented by\\nthe class of 1859.\\nFrom the foregoing particulars it will be seen that the University meets\\nthe wants of the people in all the higher degrees of education. Having\\nbeen endowed by the General Government, it now afibrds education almost\\nwithout money and without price. There is no young man so poor that\\nindustry, diligence, and perseverance will not enable liim to obtain an edu-\\ncation. While the sons of the rich are educated here, a considerable\\nnumber of those who are not rich are enjoying the same advantages.\\nMany young men, accustomed to work on the farm, or in the shop of\\nthe mechanic, have been smitten with the love of knowledge, and are man-\\nfully working their way through a liberal education, by a[)pn)priating a\\npart of their time to the field or the workshop and thus it is that the\\ninstitution is proving itself a blessing to the people at large. The exjiendi-\\ntures in its behalf fi)r 18()}) liave already been stated. We may also add that\\nthere is connected with this University a well-conducted observatory and\\nthat in 18G8, during the months of eTuly, August, September, and October,\\nProfessor James C Watson discovered six new asteriods, which is the\\nlargest number ever discovered by one man in the same period of time. Be-\\nsides its noble University, it is to the credit of Michigan that she is the\\nsupporting mother by her infiuence of not less than seven or eight distinct\\ncolleges, as well as a Normal school, a Reform school, and her Common\\nschools, which we will now proceed to describe:\\nThe first to be mcntionetl is Adrian College, located in the town whose\\nname it bears. It was incorporated March 23, 1851), and its first term for\\ninstruction commenced Deceml)er 1, 1859. It was ibrmerly under the\\nimmediate patronage and direction of the Wesleyan Methodist denomina-\\ntion, but was transferred to the Methodist Church in 1867, and is based", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 97\\nupon a liberal policy, and embraces in its board of trustees, which is self-\\nperpetuating, and in its faculty, members chosen for their educational\\ninterest and power, from other religious denominations. Its departments of\\ninstruction are open to both sexes, and include thorough classical and\\nscientific courses, to which there is joined instruction in commercial studies\\nand the arts of teaching, painting, and music. Its buildings, numbering\\nfour, three stories high, are all handsome and spacious, and have been\\nerected and furnished at a cost of not less than two hundred thousand dol-\\nlars. It also has an endowment fund of one hundred thousand dollars\\nand it is the only college formally recognized by the General Conference\\nof the Methodist Church in the United States. Its faculty in 18G8 was as\\nfollows\\nRev. A. Mahan, D.D., President, and Professor of Mental and INIoral\\nScience.\\nRev. G. B. McElroy, A.M., Professor of IMathematics and Astronomy.\\nRev. I. W. McKeever, A.INI., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Nat-\\nral History.\\nA. II. Lowrie, A.M., Professor of History and Political Economy, and\\nPrincipal of the Preparatory Department.\\nI. W. Cassell, A.B., Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages.\\n(Unfilled,) Professor of Chemistry and Geology.\\nMiss Ada A. Alvord, A.B., Principal of the Ladies Department.\\nJ. M. Thompson, Professor of Vocal and Instrumental Music.\\nMiss Sallie E. Rose, Assistant Teachei- of Music.\\nMiss Alice Van Slyke, Teacher of Painting.\\nAugustus F. Bruske, Teacher of German,\\nIn the village of Albion is located another college belonging to the\\nMethodist Episcopal denomination. In 1835 this institute was located at\\nSpring Arbor, under the name of the Wesleyan Seminary but in April,\\n1839, it Avas removed to Albion, and in the following year a collegiate de-\\npartment was added for women, with the power of conferring degrees upon\\nsuch persons pursuing a scientific and classical course of instruction. In\\n1860 the institution was incorporated, with full college powers, and adopted\\na higher grade of studies. The institution is under the patronage of the\\nMichigan and Detroit Annual Conferences of tlie Metliodist Episcopal\\nChurch. They elect the board of trustees. Tlfb ofiicei-s of the Board are\\nJames W. Sheldon, Esq., Albion, President Rev. William H. Brockway,\\nAlbion, First Vice President S. W. Walker, Esq., Detroit, Second Vice\\nPresident George B. Joycelyn, Albion, Secretary Rev. A. M. Fitch,\\nAlbion, Treasurer and Rev. M. A. Dougherty, Financial Agent.\\nThe board of instruction is as follows\\nGeorge B. Joycelyn, President, and Professor of iMental and INIoral\\nScience.\\nRev. W. H. Perrine, A.M., Professor of Natural Science and Fine\\nArts.\\nWilliam II. Shelley, A.M., Professor of Latin Language and Litera-\\nture.\\nRev. John McEldowney, A.^M., D.D., Professor of Greek Language and\\nLiterature.\\nMiss Rachel Carney, M.S., Preceptress, and Professor of Modern Lan-\\nguages.\\nMiss Sallie A. Rullison, B.S., Professor of Mathematics.\\nMiss Kate A. Joycelyn, Teacher of Instrumental Music.\\nHenry C. Northrup, Teacher of Phonography.\\nG", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "98 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nFay C. Pierson and William Harper, Assistant Teachers in Prejoaratory\\nDepartment.\\nMrs. Maria H. Cushman, Stewardess.\\nThe endowment fund amounts to ninety thousand dollars the number\\nof pupils for 1868 was three hundred and fifty but the buildings, which\\nare handsome, will accommodate five hundred i:)upils.\\nThe next institution that we notice is Kalamazoo College. It embraces\\nseveral departments, each, to a considerable extent, distinct from the others,\\nand is, properly speaking, a university. It embraces a college proper, de-\\nsigned to furnish instruction to young men in a four years course of study\\nsimilar to that adopted in the best institutions of other States. It also em-\\nbraces a female department, with a four years course, including all the\\nhigher branches usually taught in colleges of this class. Also a prepara-\\ntory department, open to the youth of both sexes who wish to fit themselves\\nfor a college course, or to pursue English or classical studies to only a lim-\\nited extent. A commercial department, Avith a thorough, practical, and\\ncomprehensive course of study, designed to fit the student for any situation\\nof commercial or business life. Lastly, there is a normal department where\\nstudents are instructed by the regular college professoi-s and teachers pro-\\nvided for that purpose, in the theory and practice of the profession.\\nThis college was chartered in 1833, and is consequently the oldest lite-\\nrary institution in the State. The first building erected was burned in 1844.\\nThe present main building male department situated on Mt. Carmel,\\nin the western part of the village, was erected in 1848, and is 104 by 46 feet,\\nand four stories high. The Ladies College, a beautiful architectural struc-\\nture, situated on South street, was erected in 1858, and is truly an orna-\\nment to the State. The location of the Kalamazoo College leaves nothing\\nto be desired, it being in one of the healthiest and most beautiful situations\\nin the country.\\nThe members of the faculty in 1868 were as follows:\\nKendall Brooks, D.D., President and Professor of Mathematics.\\nSilas Bailey, D.D., Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy.\\nH. L. Wayland, A.M., Professor of Rhetoric and Logic, and^Iustructor\\nin Greek.\\nJ. A. Clark, A.M., Professor of Latin.\\nMiss H. P. Dodge, Prin^pal of the Female College, and Professor of\\nEnglish Literature.\\nMrs. Martha L. Osborne, Professor of Modern Languages.\\nMiss M. H. Blakeslee, Instructor in Music.\\nMiss E. D. Wood, Instructor in Drawing and Painting.\\nWith regard to the institution called Olivet College, and located in that\\nvillage, we gather from official sources the following particulars This col-\\nlege is under the fostering care of the Presbyterians and Congregationalists,\\nand its resources amount to one hundred and eighty-two thousand dollars.\\nThe faculty in 1868 was as follows\\nRev. Nathan J. JMorrison, D.D., President, and Drury Professor of Moral\\nPhilosophy.\\nRev. Oramel Hosford, A.M., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phi-\\nlosophy.\\nRev. John M. Barrows, A.M., Professor of Botany and Geology.\\nR. C. Kcdzie, A.M., M.D., Lecturer on Chemistry and Anatomy.\\nJohn H, Hewitt, A.M., Rutan Professor of the Latin Language and Lit-\\nerature.\\nJoseph L. Daniels, A.M., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 99\\nAlexander B. Brown, A.B., Professor of Vocal and Instrumental Music.\\nRev. H. O. Ladd, A.M., Instructor in Rhetoric and Mental Science.\\nMerritt Moore, Principal of the Preparatory Department and Instructor\\nin Mathematics.\\nEdward S. Elmer, A.B., Instructor in the Ancient Languages.\\nMiss Henrietta P. Dennis, Principal of the Ladies Department and In-\\nstructor in French.\\n(Unfdled), Instructor in drawing and Painting.\\nMiss Anna ]\\\\I. Beuuedict, Assistant Teacher in the Preparatory Depart-\\nment.\\nMiss L. A. Willard, Assistant Teacher of the Piano.\\nAnother flourishing and important institution is favoral^ly known as the\\nMichigan Female College. It was founded at Lansing in 1855, and its\\nobject was to provide for the education of the daughters of the State, al-\\nthough by a late report we learn that a thousand pupils have been received\\nfrom nine other States. The courses of study are both classical and scien-\\ntific. But an institution of greater importance and reputation, also located\\nin the vicinity of Lansing, is the State Agricultural College. It is located\\non Cedar river and although the act creating it was passed in 1855 it was\\nnot organized until 1857 and it is the first institution of the kind which\\nhas ever succeeded in this country. The tract of land which it occupies was\\npurchased by the State Agricultural Society, (whose annual reports arc val-\\nuable and interesting,) and contains six hundred and seventy-seven acres of\\nchoice land. Its object is to give to studeiits a thorough practical and theoret-\\nical education, to fit them for the occupation of farming. It is well supplied\\nwith all the appliances for such an institution, and its herbarium is one of\\nthe largest in this country, numbering more than twenty thousand speci-\\nmens. Students residing in Michigan are admitted free, while those from\\nother States are charged only twenty dollars per annum for instruction.\\nThe students are obliged to perform farm labor three hours every day, and\\nare paid for their earnings. It has been endowed by the General Govern-\\nment with a gift of public lands, which have been placed in the market for\\nthe benefit of the college; and in 1857 the faculty was: President and Di-\\nrector of the Farm, Joseph R. Williams Professor of Mathematics, Calvin\\nTracy Professor of Chemistry, Lewis R. Fisk Professor of Physiology and\\nEntomology, Henry Goadby Professor of Natural Science, D. P. Mayhew\\nProfessor of Farm Economy and Secretary, Robert D. Weeks and Pro-\\nfessor of Horticulture and Treasurer, John C. Holmes.\\nWe now come to speak of Hillsdale College, which is located in the beau-\\ntiful town whose name it bears, and which is under the jurisdiction of the\\nFree-will Baptist Church. Its buildings are spacious and handsome, and\\nthe institution is quite celebrated. Its faculty is as follows\\nRev. Edmund B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D., President.\\nRev. Ransom Dunn, A.M., Burr Professor of Biblical Theology.\\nRev. Henry E. Whipple, A.M., Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Letters.\\nSpencer J. Fowler, A.M., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philos-\\nophy.\\nGeorge INIcMillan, A.M., Professor of the Greek and Latin Languages.\\nHiram Collier, A.M., Professor of Natural Science.\\nCyrus Jordan, A.M., Assistant Professor of the Languages.\\nINIrs. Julia INI. Jordan, Principal of the Ladies Department.\\nMiss Ellen Smith, A.B., Assistant Principal.\\nEugene Haanel, A.M., Teacher of French and German.\\nFrom colleges to schools the transition is natural, and our first notice in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "100 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthis connection shall be of the State Normal School at Ypsilanti. The act\\ncreating this institution was passed in 1849, and appropriated for its support\\ntwenty-five sections of salt spring lands. It was commenced in 1852, boasts\\nof a large and handsome edifice, and is intended to prepare teachers of both\\nsexes and, according to the last report of its principal, the school has gained\\nmuch in the last two years from the co-operation of the county superintend-\\nents of common schools, who are credited with having done much for the\\ncause of education. It is conducted at an annual expense generally speak-\\ning of about ten thousand dollars, but the outlay for 1869 was $18,500.\\nMore extensive than the above is the State Reform School, established at\\nLansing in 1856. It is designed to afford to homeless boys an opportunity\\nto escape from the career of crime, which would otherwise await them, in\\nsuch a manner that they may be enabled to gain an honest livelihood. It\\noccupies a beautiful building which overlooks the Grand river at Lansing.\\nThe inmates are chiefly employed in farming and gardening, but a portion\\nof them work at various trades, and all the branches of the common school\\nare systematically taught. There is a chapel attached to the school, and\\neverything is done to reform and elevate its inmates. The cost of carrying\\non the institution amounts to between forty and fifty thousand dollars per\\nannum, although the expenditures for 1869 amounted to $56,025.\\nWe come now to a brief consideration of the educational work accom-\\nplished by the public schools of Michigan, and the exhibit made by the Su-\\nperintendent of Public Instruction in his annual report for 1868 reflects the\\nhighest credit upon all who have participated in the important work. The\\ntotal number of school districts is 4,843, and these are located in 778 towns\\nand cities and in all of the fifty-nine organized counties of the State. The\\nnumber of children attending school was 249,920 male teachers, 2,086\\nfemale teachers, 7,522 school-houses, 4,694 and their value, $4,285,627.\\nThe two classes of teachers received respectively $47.78 and $21.92 per\\nmonth, and the total amount paid to them for the year 1868 was $1,038,131\\nthe total expenditures on account of the schools amounting to $2,449,356.\\nThe number of books in the district libraries was 86,901 and in the town\\nlibraries 45,322. For over thirty years, writes the worthy Sujierintcndcnt\\nof Public Instruction, Rev. Oramel Horsford, the cause of education in Mich-\\nigan has been constantly onward. In 1837 thirty-one years ago the ven-\\nerable John D. Pierce, first Superintendent of Public Instruction, and still\\nan active worker in the cause, reported 14,297 children between five and\\nseventeen years of age in the State. Now we report, between five and twenty\\nyears, 354,704. He then reported $21,375.91 expended for school jwirposes.\\nIn 1868 the aggregate exceeds two millions. The University fund was then\\nabout one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Now it is $559,978. The\\nUniversity reports 1,223 students; the normal school, 262 and the local\\ncolleges nearly two thousand. The total expenditures for education in the\\nState during the past year can be hardly less than three millions.\\nBut we must not, in this conuecticm, forget to mention the purely benevo-\\nlent institutions of the State, and first the Michigan Asylum for the Deaf,\\nDumb, and Blind, located in Flint. This institution began operations in\\n1854, and has a large number of inmates. To teach the deaf to hear, the\\ndumb to speak, and the l)lind to see, would have been deemed a miracle\\nbut a few years ago, but who that has visited our modern asylums can\\ndoubt that all this has practically been accomplished by the exertions of\\nphilanthropic men.\\nThrough this public beneficence, the unfortunate inmate of the asylum,\\nwhich, by the way, has been re-named, and is called an institution, as in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "EDUCATION. 101\\nbetter keeping with its purpose, is in many respects more fortunate than\\nmany in less favored lands who enjoy every sense in perfection. He is\\ntaught to manufacture wagons, paper boxes, etc., to weave mats and car-\\npets, and to manufacture a variety of useful articles. Above all, he is\\nenabled to acquire a liberal education, and is thereby placed in a higher\\nsphere than those wlio, in years past, looked on him with pity and con-\\ntempt. Self-reliant, fully competent to obtain by their own hands an honest\\nlivelihood, the inmates of this institution go forth into the world. And\\nwho, but those families possessing an unfortunate member, bereft of the\\nsense of speech and hearing, can appreciate the joyful emotions felt by his\\nfriends when the deaf and dumb pupil is iirst enabled to communicate with\\nthem in an intelligent manner.\\nThe asylum is free to all tlie deaf and dumb, and the blind, in Michigan,\\nbetween the ages of ten and thirty years. All are entitled to an education\\nwithout charge for board or tuition. The time for admission is about the\\nfirst of October.\\nThus we see, that in little more than twenty years, Michigan has adopted\\na system of education unexceled in older communities nor is the hand of\\nprogress to cease its zealous efforts. An improvement in the school law is\\nnow being agitated, by which all children shall be compelled to attend\\nschool for a certain length of time, unless parents shall adequately provide\\nfor their education elsewhere. The State imposes a heavy tax on its citi-\\nzens for the support of the public schools, and is it not bound to se-\\ncure to society the full benefit of these schools The child has a sacred\\nand indefeasible right to so much education as society can provide. Society\\nembraces all men in its bosom, and its safety and well-being are essential to\\nthe safety and well-being of all. If there be any parent who interferes with\\nthe education of liLs child, his views must be sacrificed to the greater inter-\\nests of the multitude.\\nWith regard to the men who have hitherto held the office of Superin-\\ntendent of Public Instruction, and under whose guidance so much good has\\nbeen accomplished, their names are as follows John D. Pierce, Franklin\\nSawyer, O. C. Comstock, Ira JNIahew, Francis W. Shearman, Ira Mahew\\nagain, J. M. Gregory, and the present incumbent, Oramel Hosford.\\nWe come now to speak of the Michigan Asylum fur the Insane. We can\\nsay that the edifice is spacious and beautiful, and that in its furnishing and\\nadaptedness to the purpose for which it was established, it is not one whit\\nbehind the other institutions of the country in efficiency and high character.\\nThe number of patients treated in 1867 and 1868 was 373, and the number\\nremaining at the commencement of 1869 was 229. According to the latest\\nreports for 18G9 the annual exi)en(litures amounted to $63,500, and it has\\ncapacity for three hundred patients.\\nAs to the State Prison, its condition has lately been improved, but it is\\nnot yet a self-sustaining institution. The number of inmates in 1868 was\\n622 the earnings amounted to $85,238, and disbursements $94,136. We\\nregret to say that the usual liberality and wisdom of the State authorities\\nhave not been manifested in the general management of this institution;\\nbut we are glad to know that through the iiifiueuce of Governor Baldwin\\nthere is a fair jjrospect of imi)rovement. Appropriation for its support in\\n1869, only $2,000.\\nAs a fitting paragraph in this chapter we may append the following par-\\nticulars, respecting the number of students reported in the higher institu-\\ntions of the State, for the year ending with 1868\\nUniversity, 1,223 Agricultural College (many rejected for want of room,)", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "102 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n92 Normal School (average attendance,) 223 Adrian College (Methodist,)\\n242; Albion College (Episcopal Methodist,) 263; Hillsdale College (Free-\\nWill Baptist,) 235 Kalamazoo College Baptist,) 102 Hope College (Dutch\\nReform,) 96 and Olivet College (Congregational,) 295.\\nThe following facts are given concerning the primary schools and educa-\\ntional funds:\\nThe average length of the schools during the year 1868 was six and two-\\ntenths months. To capitulate there were employed 2,086 male teachers,\\nand 7,522 females, at average wages per month, to the former, $47.78, and\\nto the latter, $21.92. To this should be added the board of a large portion\\nof the whole number. There were 72 stone school-houses, 416 brick, 3,609\\nframe, and 618 of logs the whole, including sites, valued at $4,384,081.\\nThe amount expended on buildings during the year was $805,706. The\\ntotal resources of the schools amounted in all to well nigh three millions\\nand about three-fourths of this was by the voluntary action of the several\\ndistricts.\\nThe school fund amounted to $2,550,337, most of which pays 7 per cent.\\nIt will ultimately reach nearly four millions. The University fund is\\n$559,978, and draws 7 per cent. The Normal School fund was $66,697,\\nand drew 6 per cent. All parties have at all times sacredly regarded the\\neducational fund. Other State funds have been sometimes squandered, and\\nsometimes stolen, but rogues have ever left the school funds unharmed, and\\nwe think w^e can challenge any State to show a better appreciation of pop-\\nular education than has the State of Michigan during its brief but splendid\\ncareer.\\nWith regard to the Union School system of the State, it has been pro-\\nnounced commendable in the highest degree Two or more districts, accord-\\ning to the law, may vote on the question of uniting for a Union School Dis-\\ntrict those that give a two-thirds vote majority in favor of it may unite if\\nthe whole number of scholars is two hundred. Immediately after the vote is\\ntaken the several district boards notify the school inspectors, who shall unite\\nsaid districts, giving five days notice of a meeting to be held to elect officers,\\nsix in number, who constitute the Union School Board, and are called\\ntrustees.\\nThe district may then proceed to raise funds to build a school-house,\\nwhich may be by direct tax or by bonds. In a country growing as rapidly\\nas ours, it has been thought advisable to issue bonds this method equalizes\\nthe tax so that those who may settle in the district five, ten, or fifteen years\\nafter the house is built, and have the benefit of the schools, have their pro-\\nportion of the tax to pay, so that in proportion to the increase of property\\nand inhabitants, the tax is lessened, that it might not be more than one-tenth,\\nor even one-twentieth, what it w ould be to raise a direct tax. This is one of\\nthe best features in the law. Funds raised on bonds are restricted, or lim-\\nited, as follows: Districts thus united, having 50 scholars, may raise not\\nto exceed $3,000; 100 scholars, $10,000; 200 scholars, $20,000; 300 schol-\\nars, $30,000 400 scholars, $50,000.\\nAnd now, in further illustration of the avidity with which the people of\\nMichigan have always fostered the idea of mental culture, we submit a list\\nof the literary institutions which were incorporated by the Legislature\\nduring the fifteen years intervening between the adoption of its two State\\nConstitutions, viz Marshall Academy, White Pigeon, date of incorpora-\\ntion, 1836; Central College, Spring Arbor, 1845 Spring Arbor Seininury,\\n1835; Wesleyan Seminary, at Albion, 1841; Michigan and Huron Insti-\\ntute, 1837; TcK-umseh Academy, 1838; Grand Kiver Theological Semi-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "AGRICULTURE. 103\\nnary, 1839 Lake Academy and Teachers Seminary 1839 Marshall Col-\\nlege, 1839 Marshall Female Seminary, 1839 St. Phillip s College, 1839\\nAllegan Academy, 1843 Grand Rapids Academy, 1844 Utica Female\\nSeminary, 1844 Ann Arbor Female Seminary, 1845 Ypsilanti Seminary,\\n1845 Adrian Seminary, 1846 Clinton Institute, 1840 Vermontville\\nAcademical Association, 1846 White Pigeon Academy, 1847 Raisin In-\\nstitute, 1847 Howell Academy, 1848 Leoni Institution, 1848 Leoni\\nSeminary, 1848 Olivet Institute, 1848 AVoodstock Manual Labor Insti-\\ntute, 1848 Oakland Female Seminary, 1849 Tecumseh Literary Insti-\\ntute, 1849 Clarksou Academical Institute, 1850 Clinton Institute, 1850\\nYoung Ladies Seminary, at Monroe, 1850 St. IMark s College, Grand\\nRapids, 1850 and St. Mary s Academy, at Bertrand, 1850. Surely, of\\nsuch an educational record as we have now briefly sketched, the Stale of\\nMichigan may well be proud and the results are every day developing in\\nthe happiness and prosperity of her people.\\nAGRICULTURE.\\nIn 1860 the population of Michigan was about seven hundred and forty-\\ntwo thousand, but at the present time it is supposed to exceed a million and\\ntwo hundred thousand. This is an increase of more than thirty-three per\\ncent, in ten years. Now, in the absence of accurate data connected with the\\npresent year of 1870, we can only suggest an approximation to the present\\ncondition of agriculture in the State, and this may be ascertained by\\nadding the above per centage to the figures contained in the census reports\\nof 1860, which, with regard to the most important particulars, are as fol-\\nlows\\nImproved farm lands, 3,476,296 acres.\\nUnimproved farm lands, 3,554,538 acres.\\nCash value of farm lands, $160,836,495.\\nNumber of horses in the State, 137,917.\\nNumber of cattle, 478,344.\\nNumber of sheep, 1,271,743.\\nNumber of swine, 372,386.\\nValue of live stock, $23,714,771.\\nBushels of wheat, 8,336,368.\\nBushels of Indian corn, 12,444,676.\\nBushels of oats, 4,036,980.\\nPounds of wool, 3,960,888.\\nBushels of potatoes, 5,261,245.\\nValue of orchard productions, $1,122,074.\\nPounds of butter, 15,503,482.\\nPounds of cheese, 1,641,897.\\nPounds of maple sugar, 4,051,822.\\nGallons of sorgham molasses, 86,953.\\nGallons of maple molasses, 78,988.\\nPounds of honev, 769,282.\\nValue of slaughtered animals, $5,093,362.\\nIn 1860 the value of the live stock in the State was $23,714,791, and at the\\nbeginning of the year 1869 it had increased to 854,426,109. The wheat crop\\nfor 1867, a good average year, amounted to 16,000,000 bushels of what is\\nknown as winter wheat; the clip of wool reached 10,500,000 pounds; and\\nthe apple crop amounted to 410,000 barrels, the estimated value of which\\nwas $1,500,000. But the latest authentic figures by which we can exhibit", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "104\\nCIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe wealth of Michigan in leading agricultural products are for the years\\n1866, 1867, and 1868, as follows\\nProducts.\\nAmount\\nof crop.\\nAverage\\nyield per\\nacre.\\nNumber of\\nacres in each\\ncrop.\\nValue per\\nbushel or\\npound.\\nTotal valuation.\\n1866.\\n16.118.680\\n14,740,639\\n413 150\\n8,293.877\\n418.971\\n1,306.819\\n5,037.298\\n1,218;959\\n32\\n13,8\\n15,5\\n34,7\\n25\\n20\\n110\\n1200\\n1.3\\n503.709\\n1,068,162\\n26.655\\n2.36.135\\n16,759\\n65,341\\n45,793\\n232\\n937,651\\n82\\n2,55\\n1,05\\n.47\\n1.02\\n.98\\n.56\\n.15\\n13.75\\n37,588,630\\nOats bushels\\n3 898 122\\nBarley, bushels\\n427,350\\n1,280,683\\n2,820,877\\n48,818\\n16,760,682\\nPotatoes, bushels\\nTotal\\n2,900,447\\n481.464\\n1,229,838\\n34:883\\n272,711\\n20,000\\n75,174\\n58,974\\n3,500\\n1,059,230\\n76,473,423\\n1867.\\n15.118.000\\n15.250,000\\n600.000\\n8j045,OOO\\n418,000\\n1,293.000\\n5,750,000\\n3.500.000\\n1,377,000\\n31.4\\n12,4\\n17 2\\n29,5\\n20.9\\n17.2\\n97.6\\n1000\\n1.3\\n.96\\n2.34\\n1.30\\n.68\\n1.36\\n1,04\\n.93\\n.21\\n16.14\\nWheat, bushels\\n35,685.000\\n780,000\\n5 470 600\\nOats, bushels\\n1,341.720\\n4,197,500\\nPotatoes, bushels\\nTotal\\n3,235,774\\n570,151\\nl,280.9f0\\n33,480\\n251,229\\n18,454\\n63,309\\n60.106\\n3,118\\n1,178,400\\n85,519,360\\n14,299,400\\n26 59 680\\n1868.\\nIndian corn, bushels\\nWheat, bushels\\n18,815.000\\n16,012.000\\n606,000\\n7,562,000\\n430,000\\n1.267.000\\n5.650,000\\n3.4.30.000\\n1,473,000\\n33\\n12 5\\n18.1\\n30.1\\n23,3\\n19,4\\n94\\n1100\\n1.25\\n,70\\n1.64\\n1.09\\n.50\\n1,56\\n.82\\n.56\\n,21\\n15,00\\nOats, bushels\\n3 781 000\\nBarley, bushels\\nBuckwheat, bushels\\n1 638 940\\nPotatoes, bushels\\n3,104,000\\nHay, tons\\n22 095 000\\nTotal\\n3,461,207\\n72,689,6e0\\nThe several incorporated bodies to whose care the farming interests have\\nbeen a-ssigned are the State Board of Agriculture, the Michigan Agricultural\\nSociety, and the Agricultural Culloge, already noticed in these pages. Ac-\\ncording to U. F. Johnstone, who holds the pdsitiou of secretary of the society-\\njust named, the general system of agriculture in Michigan has been largely\\ngoverned by the necessity which has compelled each farmer to apply all his\\nabilities to the clearing and amelioration of the surface of the land. But\\nthe time has come when this system must be changed, the necessity for\\nwhich is indicated by the decreased production of fields longest under culti-\\nvation. Farms that formerly produced thirty to forty bushels of the choicest\\nwheat to the acre now seldom yield over twenty-five, and in many cases the\\niuality is inferior; and where this yield is exceeded it is upon the new and\\nrecently cleared lands, where the soil is yet rich iu the elements of fertility\\nwith which nature has supplied the surface.\\nOf government lands undi.si)osed of, hitely lying in the State of Michigan,\\nthere were more than four and a half million.s of acres; and, in view of that\\nfact, the folIoAving particulars are worth reproducing That part of the south-\\nern i)eninsula known as the Grand Traverse Country has recently been\\nattracting tlie attention of actual settk rs and parties speculating in hinds.\\nIn this district the State Agricultural College has located over one hundred\\nthousand acres. The climate and soil are favorable to the growth of peaches,\\npears, grapes, and other fruits. Wheat of the best quality, comparing favor-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "AGRICULTURE. 105\\nably with any raised in other parts of the State, is successfully cultivated.\\nIts sheep-walks are highly commended. Concerning the timber there, the\\nsecretary of the State Board of Agriculture remarks as follows The pre-\\nvailing growth over a large portion of the country, embracing the best soil\\nfor cultivation, is the sugar-maple. Having considerable acquaintance with\\nthis species of tree, from the Penobscot to the Potomac and Ohio, the writer\\ncan safely say that he never saw such grand specimens as arc to be met with\\nin countless numbers in the Grand Traverse Country. They arc frequently\\nfound of a height of sixty to seventy feet, without a limb, of a diameter of\\nthree feet or more at the ground, and very straight. Of course, such large\\ntrees cannot stand as closely together as smaller ones they hold possession\\nof the ground, however, which in many cases is free from undergrowth, so that\\nthe forest presents the appearance of an artificial plantation or j)ark through\\nwhich the people on horseback may readily pass in any direction.\\nWith regard to the condition of the public lands of Michigan, we gather\\nfrom the records in the office of the Secretary of State the subjoined infor-\\nmation. Of the primary school land, during the year 1869, there were sold\\n25,940 acres for 6103,936, against 28,848 for $115^393 in the year preceding.\\nSwamp lands sold, 7,369 acres, for $11,253; University land, 88 acres, for\\n$1,053 Agricultural School land, 13,480 acres, for 643,000; Asvlum land,\\n80 acres, for 6640; State Building land for 6260; Salt Spring laud, 196\\nacres, for 6945 Internal Improvement land, 559 acres, for 6699 and Normal\\nSchool land for 6160, making a grand total of 45,475 acres for 6161 ,948. Ac-\\ncording to the State census of 1865 the public lands amounted to 35,995,520\\nacres of which 3,647,645 were improved, and 12,086,660 were liable to pay\\ntaxes.\\nThe grant to the State, under the act of Congress knoAvn as the Swamp\\nLand Act, was about six millions of acres. The lands were located in all\\njiarts of tlie State. Though known as swamp lauds, a large proportion of\\nthem were well adapted to agricultural purposes, and many of them were\\ncovered with valuable forests. The appropriations made by the State Legis-\\nlatures prior to 1868 amounted to more than 4,000,000 of acres.\\nWith the above figures before him, taken in connection with the general\\ndescrii)tions in the first part of this volume, the reader will obtain a lair\\nidea of the condition of agriculture in the State of Michigan in 1868.\\nAnother statement which may be added in this connection is that of the\\naggregate cash value per acre of the form products of the State for the year\\n1869; which is as follows Corn, 625.08 wheat, 620.50; rye, 619.72 oats,\\n615.05 barley, 636.34 buckwheat, 615.90 potatoes, 652.64 tobacco, 6231\\nhay, 618.75; and aggregate of all crops jier acre, 621,\\nAVitfi regard to the fruit culture, we submit the following returns for\\n1869 From 12,000 to 15,000 acres of land are devoted to fruit culture in\\nWestern Michigan, the greater portion of which is planted in trees not yet\\nbearing. The average prices of fruit during the season were about as\\nfollows: Strawberries per quart, 10 cents raspberries, 12 cents; blackber-\\nries, 8 cents apples ber bushel, 80 cents; pears, 63 cherries, 64; plums,\\n63; quinces, 64; peaches, per box or basket, 75 cents grapes per pound,\\n10 cents. The value of the fruit crop of the season is estimated as f )nows\\nApples, 6113,392; peaches, 6563,722; pears, 611,262; cherries, 62,520;\\ngrapes, 67,110; blackberries, 6107,705; raspberries, 650,617; strawberries,\\n612,737; and plums, 61,100; total, 6870,165. The total shipments from\\ntwelve ports iu the region named are stated as follows Apples, bushels,\\n141,740; peaches, baskets, 751,630; quinces, baskets, 446; pears, baskets,\\n3,754; plums, baskets, 490 cherries, baskets, 630; grapes, pounds, 71,100;\\nG*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "106 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nblackberries, quarts, 1,346,324; raspberries, quarts, 421,812; strawberries,\\nquarts, 127,372; cranberries, bushels, 370; cider, barrels, 660; tomatoes,\\nbaskets, 145.\\nThe appropriations made by the State for the support of the Agricultural\\nCollege in 1869 amounted to \u00c2\u00a745,000.\\nHaving elsewhere spoken of the total area of the State of Michigan, we\\ninsert in this place a summary of the counties in which it is divided. Of\\ncourse, in the extent of their population, there is great difference,- and while\\nsome of them are not fully organized, we find the number to be seventy-\\nfive, and their names as follows, with the population according to the cen-\\nsus of 1870, excepting those marked with a star, which are from the census\\nof 1864, there being no later returns at this date:\\nAlcona, population, 693 Allegan, 18,831 Alpena, includes Thunder\\nBay, of Lake Huron, 2,756 Antrim, Grand Traverse Region, 1,985 Bar-\\nry, 22,070; Bay, on Saginaw Bay, 15,900; *Berrien, 25,856 Benzie, 2,184;\\nBranch, 26,244; Calhoun, 36,172; *Cass, 17,776; Cheboygan, includes island\\nof Mackinaw, 2,197 Chippeway, includes Saute St. Marie, 1,690 Clare,\\nClinton, 22,886 Crawford, Delta, 2,421 Eaton, 25,196 *Emmet,\\nextreme northern part of Lower Peninsula, and includes Mackinaw City,\\n1,211; Genessee, 33,910 Gladwin, 14; Grand Traverse, Grand Traverse\\nRegion, 4,332; Gratiot, 17,869; Hillsdale, 31,705; Houghton, includes\\nCopper Region and Porcupine Mountains, 13,905 Huron, on Saginaw Bay,\\n9,053 Ingham, includes Lansing, State capital, 25,281 Ionia, 27,682\\nIosco, on Saginaw Bay, 3,155 Isabella, 4,479 Jackson, 36,082 Kala-\\nmazoo, 32,068 Kalcasca, Grand Traverse Region, 424 Kent, 50,330 Ke-\\nwenaw, includes Copper Region, Porcupine Mountains, and Isle Royal, 4,206\\nLake, 548 Lapeer, 21,355 Leelenaw, Grand Traverse Region, 4,569\\nLenawee, 45,635 Livingston, 19,339 Macomb, on Lake St. Clair, 27,617;\\nManistee, 6,084 Manitou, 1,043 Marquette, Iron Region, 14,982 *Mason,\\n844; Mecosta, 5,645; Menominee, on Green Bay, 1,892; Macinac, head of\\nLake Michigan, 1,716 Midland, 3,021 Missaukee, 130 Monroe, on west\\nend of Lake Erie, 27,486 Montcalm, 13,351 Montmorency, Mus-\\nkegon, 14,899 *Newaygo, 3,481 Oakland, 40,898 *Oceana, 2,379 Oge-\\nmaw, 12; Ontonagon, includes Copper Region and Porcupine Mountains,\\n2,895 Osceola, 2,105 Oscoda, 70 Otsego, Ottawa, 26,558 Presque\\nIsle, 355 Roscommon, Saginaw, includes Salt Region, 38,902 San-\\nilac, 14,564 Schoolcraft, includes Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior,\\n52 Shiawassee, 20,856 St. Clair, on Lake St. Clair, 36,837 St. Joseph,\\n26,669; Tuscola, on Saginaw Bay, 13,715; *Van Buren, 17,830; Washte-\\nnaw, includes University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, 41,449; AVayne,\\nincludes City of Detroit, and partly on Lake St. Clair, 119,685 Wexford,\\n950.\\nAs the general census for 1870 is not likely to be published for one or two\\nyears, our only way to study the recent progress of Michigan is liy mention-\\ning such statements as nuiy happen to come, in an isohited form, to our\\nknowledge. For example, here is a significant paragraph bearing upon the\\ncity of Detroit. In 1860 the total population was about 46,000, and the\\nnumber of families in the city was 8,963. In 1870 it contained about 80,000\\ninhabitants and 14,698 families; and to these figures may be added of mer-\\ncantile sliops 71 f^, groceries 381, oflfices 446, hotels 63, boarding-houses 196,\\nchurches 54, public balls 13, public schools 108, machine shops 893, and\\nrestaurants (i(;9. Barring one or two items, these results are certainly cred-\\nitable to the people, whose progress in material prosperity is remarkable.\\nEvery intelligent and thoughtful man occasionally looks forward to the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "MINERAL WEALTH. 107\\nfuture, and wonders what his State and country are to be in years to come.\\nOf course we cannot lift the veil and view the State as it will be a genera-\\ntion or a century hence. But we can look back and see what it was a half\\ncentury since. We can trace its progress from that time to the present, and\\nfrom its growth in the past we may form a tolerably correct idea of what it\\nmay be in the future.\\nThe first census of Michigan was taken in 1810, and showed a population\\nof 4,618 whites, 120 free colored, and 24 slaves. Total, 4,762.\\nIn 1820 there were 8,591 whites, 174 colored. Total, 8,765.\\nIn 1830, 31,346 whites, 261 colored, 82 slaves. Total, 31,639.\\nIn 1840, 211,560 whites, 707 colored. Total, 212,267.\\nIn 1850, 395,071 whites, 2,583 colored. Total, 397,654.\\nIn 1860, 742,314 whites, 6,798 colored. Total, 749,213.\\nIn 1864, according to the State census, the population was 805,379.\\nThe vote of the State at the election of 1869 was over 220,000. This,\\nallowing one voter to every five persons, would indicate a population in 1870\\nof over 1,100,000. There is scarcely a doubt that the census of 1870 will\\nshow a population in the two peninsulas of more than 1,200,000.\\nThe ratio of increase from 1840 to 1850 was 87 J per cent. From 1850 to\\n1860, 88 J. A fraction over 60 per cent, increase from I860 to 1870 would\\nmake the population of the State at the latter date 1,200,000, as above esti-\\nmated. And the same ratio of increase from 1870 to 1880 would swell tln^\\npopulation to about two millions.\\nWg confidently expect that the above figures will be found none too high\\nten years hence. We see no reason Avhy we may not expect an increase of\\nsixty per cent, during that time. No part of the State can yet be said to be\\ndensely populated, while large portions of it are yet covered with primeval\\nforests, in which the sound of the settler s axe has never been heard.\\nOnly at one time since the first settlement of the State, and then but for\\na brief period, has the advance been as rapid as at present. Everywhere,\\nin city, village, and country, there is a substantial and healthful progress.\\nWith judicious legislation, both State and National, this progress should\\ncontinue. Such legislation it is proper to expect and hence, if made the\\nrecipient of such, the continued prosperity and rapid development of Mich-\\nigan, is undoubtedly assured.\\nMINERAL WEALTH.\\nThe copper interest of Michigan was fii-st brought into public notice by\\nthe speculation excitement of 1845. The large spur of country whicli pro-\\njects into Lake Superior, called Keweenaw Point, became the El Dorado\\nof that day. In that year the first active operations were commenced near\\nEagle Harbor, and the Clift mine was developed in 1848 the mines on the\\nOntonagon were first opened and in 1855 operations were commenced in\\nwhat is known as the Pewabic mine. For several years after these mines\\nwere discovered the Falls of St. ]\\\\Iary were a great stumbling-block in the\\nway of success, but the opening of the canal between the waters of Lakes\\nHuron and Superior gave a wonderful impetus to the whole business, which\\nsteadily increased from a yield of about twenty-five hundred tons of pure\\ncopper in 1853 to eighty-five hundred tons in 1861. During the twenty\\nyears succeeding 1845 there were not less than one hundred and twenty\\ncopper-mining companies organized under the laws of jNIichigan. The\\namount of capital invested was not less than twelve millions of dollars.\\nWhat is known as the copper region, extending about one hundred and\\nthirty -five miles in length and fronx one to six in width, is divided into three", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "108 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ndistricts, each one of wliich lias some peculiarities of product; the Ontona-\\njjon or western district developing more masses while the other two, the\\nKeweenaw Point and Portage Lake districts, are more prolific in the vein\\nrocks, the copper being generally scattered. The copper product of IMichi-\\ngan from 1845 to 1868 amounted to 128,275 tons, the total value of which\\nhas been put down at more than seventy-three millions of dollars.\\nAnother mineral interest of Michigan, which promises to become an import-\\nant source of revenue, is that of iron. The first shipment of pig-iron of any\\nconsequence was made in 1858, although the mines were opened in 1857 by\\nthe Pioneer Iron Company. The centre of this business is jNIarquette, on\\nLake Superior, and from that county is obtained one-fifth of all the iron ore\\nused in the United States. In the village and vicinity are several shafts\\nmore than a hundred feet deep, a number of blast furnaces, and several\\nmachine-shops where various kinds of castings and iron manufactures are\\nturned out. It has been demonstrated that there is no better iron to be\\nfound anywhere than among the hills of Lake Superior, and shipments of\\nore are now regularly made to the States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New\\nYork. The ore is found in a slate formation, and is granular, specular, and\\nhermatite, yielding 75 per cent, of pure iron. For car-wheels, gearing, shaft-\\ning, for cranks and flanges nothing has been found to surpass or even equal\\nthe iron of Michigan. The whole region lying back of Marquette is said\\nto contain an inexhaustible supply of iron ore, and there are people who\\nbelieve that Lake Superior is surrounded with a belt of the same ore.\\nTliesc facts, as it has been truly said by another, exhibit the untold wealth\\nof ]\\\\Iichigan in iron ore alone, and point with certainty to an extent of busi-\\nness that will add millions to the invested capital of the State, dot it with\\niron manufactories of all kinds, and furnish regular employment to thou-\\nsands of citizens, Avhile the wares of the State and the raw material will be\\nfound in all the markets of the country. The product of Michigan iron for\\n186*J was in advance of all previous years, was sold at the rate of two dol-\\nlars ])er ton, and gave employment to about two hundred vessels, the demand\\nhaving been greater than the supply. For purposes of reference we subjoin\\nthe value of the product annually for a term of years 1858, $249,202\\n1859, $575,529; 1860, $736,496; 1861, $419,401 1862, $984,977; 1863,\\n$1,416,935; 1864, $1,867,215; 1865, $1,590,430; 1866, $2,405,960; 1867,\\n$3,475,720 1868, $3,676,705 1869, $5,296,315.\\nWe now come to the salt interest of the State. It was demonstrated by\\nthe late Douglass Houghton that the Salt Springs of Michigan would prove\\nto be valuable, but it was not until 1859 that salt became a staple article\\nof merchandise for home consumption. It was in that year that certain\\nenterprising citizens of East Saginaw petitioned to the Legislature for the\\npassage of laws to protect the salt interest and an act was at once passed\\nallowing a bounty of ten cents per bushel and an exemption from taxation\\non real and personal property used in the manufacture, tlie bounty to be\\nl)aid wlien five tliousancl bushels had been made by the nuinufacturers.\\nThis gave an im])ulse to the business, and operations were connucnced at\\nGrand Rapids and East Saginaw. The law allowing a bounty was amended\\nin 1860 greatly reducing the amount, and providing that all companies\\nwhich commcneed manufacturing previous to the first of August, 1861,\\nshould be alh)wed five cents per barrel, until they received one thousand\\ndolhirs, after which all bounties ceased. The pn)perty was exempt from\\ntaxation for five years, and none of the companies formed since 1861 re-\\nceived any bounty.\\nIn 1869 the Saginaw Valley turned out not less than 596,873 barrels of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "MINERAL WEALTH. 109\\nsalt, and the Legislature provided by law for the appointment of a State\\ninspector of salt, the first man appointed having been Dr. S. S. Garrigucs.\\nAt that date there were in the Saginaw Valley oO companies, 119 salt\\nblocks, 4,198 covers, 4,045 kettles, 123 grainers; o,000 men were employed\\nin the business, and the cost of producing was thirty cents per bushel, and\\nthe capital invested amounted to \u00c2\u00a72,632,500. At Port Austin the yield for\\n1869 was 14,000 barrels.\\nIn 1833 certain plaster beds were discovered in Kent county, in the vicin-\\nity of Grand llap;ds, which have been found to be inexhaustible. They\\nwere first brought to market tlirough the enterprise of Do Garnio Jones, (;f\\nDetroit. The mineral is found imbedded in slate, and is cut out clear; and\\nthe demand for it having been great in all parts of the western country, it\\nfinds a ready market, to which it is transported by the Detroit and Mil-\\nwaukee railroad. The amount annually manufactured in this locality\\nvaries from ten to twenty thousand tons.\\nIt is worthy of mention, in this connection, that during the summer\\nof 1870 there was quite a rush of })eople to the town of Eaton Kapids, seek-\\ning health from the magnetic waters of that place. These waters are very\\ncopious, and certain properties have been discovered in them which are said\\nto upset many of the old o])inions of scientific men. That they are of great\\nvalue in curing certain types of disease, seems to have been fully demon-\\nstrated. But the town of St. Louis, in Gratiot county, claims to be equally\\nsupplied with magnetic waters with Eaton Kapids, and a report nuxde by\\nProfessor Samuel P. Duffield claims for them a variety of valuable qualities.\\nIn a paper which Professor Alexander Winchell read before the association,\\nfor the advancement of science on the magnetic wells of the State, he sub-\\nmitted many interesting particulars. The wells are widely separated in\\nposition, and their waters are derived from different geological formations.\\nSome are supplied from the bottom of the coal measures, and others from\\ngeological positions five hundred and one thousand feet lower. Nor is there\\nany greater correspondence in the chemical constitution of the waters. They\\nare all, however, moi e or less alkaline, and some of them saline and chalyb-\\neate. The conclusions arrived at by the professor are as follows: 1. Nearly\\nall pieces of iron and steel are found possessed of permanent and varying\\npolarity. 2. Neutral iron is polarized by being placed in the magnetic\\nmeridian or in a vertical position. 3. This induced ])olarity can be detected\\nin its effects upon a permanent magnet. 4. The mineral waters of Michi-\\ngan tend to induce polarity (i. e., the same as the south end of the needle)\\nin the outer end of a rod of soft iron passed through a cork into a bottle of\\nthe water. 5. This property is retained by the water for weeks and months.\\n6. A rod of steel, or a knife blade, immersed in the water from twenty min-\\nutes to ten hours acquires very sensible polarity, though practically neutral\\nbefore immersion. 7. No satisfactory evidence exists that the water itself\\nIs polarized or that magnetism can be bottled up in it. 8. The phenomena\\nare more likely to arise from some chemical action between the water and\\nthe iron and this supposition is strengthened by the fact that they arise\\nequally when the rod is simply moistened, when it is immersed in water\\nrendered artificially alkaline or salt, and when the surface of the steel is\\nunpolished, and, or not, arise when pure rain water is employed. 9. Should\\nit be shown that the magnetism is not excited by chemical action, and tliat\\nthe water itself possesses a feeble polarity, we may recall to mind the moun-\\ntains of magnetic oxyd of iron near Lake Superior, the disintegration of\\nwhich, in former ages, has supplied an enormous amount of magnetic iron\\nsand, which is strewn along the shores of the great lakes, and enters largely", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "110 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ninto the constitution of the palaeozoic strata, forming sometimes, it may be,\\nreal lodestone strata, as alleged, and that particles of this magnetic oxyd\\nmay float, polarized, in water flowing from subterranean reservoirs in any\\npart of the loAver peninsula of Michigan.\\nVast coal beds underlie nearly the whole central portion of Michigan,\\nmost of it of very good quality, yet nearly all the coal consumed in the State\\nis brought from Pennsylvania and Ohio, at a very heavy cost in the way\\nof lake and railroad freight charges. In view of these facts it is a matter\\nof individual interest to nearly all the people of the State to have the coal\\nveins of Michigan opened and worked. The developments thus far in mining\\nit have not reached important results, although beds of it have been worked\\nin Shiawassee and Jackson counties Avith success but it is gratifying to\\nstate that a very great improvement is soon to take place in the develop-\\nment of this important element of wealth. The coal-field of Michigan,\\naccording to Professor J. W. Foster, is about one hundred feet thick, and\\nextends over an area of five thousand square miles.\\nIn 1869 the Governor of Michigan, Henry P. Baldwin submitted to the\\nLegislature the importance of a thorough and complete geological survey\\nof the State, and an interesting report made by the joint committees of the\\ntwo houses, and signed by Lyman D. Norris and John Q. McKernan, was\\nmade the basis of farther legislation. From that report we are permitted\\nto extract the subjoined summary of geological exploration and legislation\\nin Michigan from the earliest to the present times\\n1659. First mention of copper in the Upper Peninsula, in the Relations\\nof the Jesuit Fathers concerning their mission in the New World.\\n1771. First mining enterprise, near the forks of the Ontonagon river, by\\nAlexander Henry. (See, farther on, the speech of an Indian chief of On-\\ntonagon, at the treaty of Fond du Lac.)\\n1789. Explorations of Alexander McKenzie, on the shores of Lake Su-\\nperior.\\n1800. Under the elder Adams, Congressional resolution providing for\\nan agent to collect information of the copper mines of Lake Superior.\\nNo results extant.\\n1819. Expedition of Governor Cass and H. R. Schoolcraft along the\\nsouth shore of Lake Superior.\\nResults meager published in Schoolcraft s Journal of Travels, etc.,\\n1821.\\n1823. Expedition of Major Long, with several scientific gentleman,\\nwho, on their return from the Red River of the North, coasted the north\\nshore of Lake Superior.\\nReports of the War Department.\\n1823. Expedition of Governor Cass and Colonel McKenney, of the\\nIndian Department, to Fond du Lac, to negotiate the treaty with the Chip-\\npewas.\\nThe Governor, in his speech in the Council, says We also wish that\\nyou would allow your Great Father to look through the country, and take\\nsuch copper as he may find. This copper does you no good, and it would\\nbe useful to us to make into kettles, buttons, bells, and a great many other\\nthings.\\nTlie replies of the chiefs are quite characteristic and piquant, and are\\nmodels of brevity and point, quite suggestive to legislative councils of later\\nday.\\nShin-gaw-ba W ossin, Chief of Saute St. Marie band, says\\nIf you have any copper on your lands I advise you to sell it. It is of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "MINERAL WEALTH. Ill\\nno advantage to us. If any of you have any knowledge, bring it\\nto light.\\nYellow Thunder. In my country there is no copper. If I said there\\nwas I should lie.\\nPlover, (of Ontonagon.) I have no knowledge of any copper in my\\ncountry. There is a rock there. I met some of your people in search of\\nit. I told them if they took it, to steal it, and not let mc catch them.\\nAnother chief, (of Ontoganon,) name not known. You have heard the\\nwords of the Plover on this rock. This, Fathers, is the property of no one\\nman. It belongs alike to us. It was put there by the Great Spirit, and it\\nis ours. In the life of my father, the British were busy working it. It\\nwas then big, like that table. They tried to raise it to the top of the hill,\\nand they failed. They then said the copper was not in the rock, but in the\\nbanks of the river. They dug for it by a light, woi king under ground.\\nThe earth fell in and killed three of their men. It was then left until now.\\nFathers, at the time of which I speak, a great price was paid by the Eng-\\nlish for our permission. We expect no less from you. If you take this\\nrock. Fathers, the benefit must be to our cliihlreu who are now but this\\nhigh (a foot.) For ourselves we care but little. We are old and nearly\\nworn out.\\nAnother chief, (name not known.) Fathers, the copper I brought here\\nwas taken from the bed of the river. I will point out the place.\\nMaw-gaw-gid. There is no metal in our part of the country. I have\\nheard neither our old nor young men speak of any.\\nThis copper rock was found by Captain Porter, lying on the west bank\\nof the Ontonagon, about thirty-four miles from its mouth, weighing about\\none ton, and two-thirds pure copper but as three cataracts, Avith a descent\\nof seventy feet, was between the rock and the lake, the captain did not\\nsteal the copper. Touching the land that the Great Spirit had given\\nthe red men, the commissioners were more successful.\\nSketches of a Tour to the Lakes, by Thomas L. McKenney, Balti-\\nmore. 1827.\\n1831. Dr. Houghton was with Schoolcraft in an United States expe-\\ndition to find the sources of the Mississippi, and in his reports refers to the\\naid received from this exploration.\\nState of Michigan. 1837. Session laws, page 14, provides for a geolog-\\nical, zoological, botanical, and topographical survey. Dr. Douglass\\nHoughton as chief, and five assistants, were appointed. These assistants\\nwere Dr. AbramSager, (botany and zoology,) S. W. Higgins, topograi)her,)\\nC. C. Douglass, Bela Hubbard, William P. Smith, and later, Dr. John\\nWright, botanist, was added.\\n1838. Session laws, page 119, is a new and enlarged act.\\nThe reports made under these acts were as follows\\n1838, January 26th. General Geology. 37 pp.\\n1839, February 4. A report of 153 pp., devoted to Geology, Zoology,\\nBotany, Topography, and to the local geology in Eaton, Ingham, Jackson,\\nWayne, and Mouroe. This year the department of Zoology and Botany\\nwere suspended.\\n1840, January 6, A special Report on Salt Springs.\\n1840, February 3. A report of 109 pp. upon Geology and Topography,\\nand local examination of the geology and coal measures of Jackson, Cal-\\nhoun, Kahimazoo, Ionia, and Kent, Lenawee, Hillsdale, Branch, St. Joseph,\\nCass, Berrien, Washtenaw, Oakland, and Livingston counties.\\n1841, February 1. Came the fourth annual report, 169 pp., (89 pp. de-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "112 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nvoted to Geology, etc., of Lake Superior country,) Latitudes and Magnetic\\nVariations, rise and fall of lake water, and general geology of the organized\\ncounties, and furs, fish, and harbors of Lake Superior.\\n1841, February 4. A brief report relative to State and county maps.\\nFour county maps were published and sold. Ten were finished and ready\\nfor the engravers. They are waiting yet, if extant.\\n1842, January 25. Dr. Houghton sends in his last (5th) Annual Report\\nof only C) pages, with notices of the geology of the western portion of the\\nLake Superior country.\\nBy the act of 1837 $29,000 were appropriated, $3,000 for 1837, $6,000 for\\n1838, $8,000 for 1839, and 812,000 for 1840.\\nBy the act of 1838 this appropriation was so modified as to give 812,000\\na year for three years, Avith a conditional drawback upon the University\\nfund of 84,000.\\nThe financial pressure of the times cut short the labors of Dr. Houghton,\\nand while he was in the active prosecution of a plan for connecting the\\nlinear surveys of the public lands with a geological survey, his death, by\\ndrowning, near Eagle river, on the night of October loth, 1845, put an end\\nto his usefulness, and all the people of our young State are mourning over his\\nuntimely death. His was truly a sad loss to the State and nation.\\nAn enthusiastic lover of science for itself and for no selfish ends, with a\\nconstitution that seemed never to know fatigue or fear, labor or danger,\\nhe had withal a kindly, loving lieart, that drew to itself all Avho were\\nbrought Avithin his circle. Simple as a child and as unassuming as he Avas\\nschohirly, he Avrote his name in the history of this State, there to remain\\nforever.\\nThe influence that such men have lives after them, and if there is any-\\nthing of unsensational enthusiasm in the advocacy of the writer of this report\\nof sucli thorougli geologic work as would most gratify the spirit of that great\\nand good man of science, (if he is permitted to participate in the cares and\\nconcerns of this mortal life, it springs from the recollection of many months\\nof intimate jjcrsonal intercourse had Avith him in the earliest days of our\\nUniversity. His loAV, compact, sinewy figure, croAvned Avith a cfome-like\\nbrain, always bent doAvnward like a full head of Avheat, as he sauntered\\nacross the college campus, surrounded by the baker s dozen of the students\\nof those days always Avelcome companions to him is one of memory s pic-\\ntures never to be effaced. With his forward and dowuAvard look he seemed\\never to be interrogating mother Earth and asking for her secrets, Avhile\\nno rare bug, or beetle, or blade of grass, or stone escaped his notice, but Avas\\nseized and examined and taken as the text for many pleasant and instruc-\\ntive lectures to the loving group that stood around.\\nPeace to the just man s memory. He is at r st from his labors in the\\nbosom of that common mother whose secrets he sought so earnestly to ex-\\nplore. We may confidently believe that his title to the six feet finally to be\\nallotted to us all is under the good old common law tenure Cujus est\\nsolum, ejus est usque ad coelum. He Avho owns the soil, oAvns it to the\\nHeavens.\\nAnd what Avere the results of his labors Necessarily fragmentary and\\nincomplete, they Avere not inconsiderable. His discoveries and develop-\\nments of the Gypsum, Marl, INlineral Springs, Bog Iron Ore, Coal, Iron,\\nCopper and Brine Springs, (of Avhich latter many analyses and locations are\\ngiven now fully verified,) in various iocalities in this State, disclosed a Avorld\\nof undeveloped wealth, the rapid returns from Avhich Avere many years de-\\nlayed by the financial troubles of his day, the sparseness of settlements, the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "MINERAL WEALTH. 113\\nwant of surplus capital, and the necessities among the i^ioneers of every\\nState, to labor first for bread and a foothold.\\n1847, March 1. Reference should here be made to an act of Congress of\\nthis date, under which Dr. C. T. Jackson spent two seasons in an explora-\\ntion of the Lake Superior region, and in 1849-50 made a report thereon of\\n801 pages.\\nThis work was continued by Foster and Whitney, in their two reports,\\nCopper Lands (224 pages) and Iron Regions, (406 pages,) given to the\\nworld, the first 1850, April 15, and the second 1851, November 12. See\\nEx. Doc, No. 69, First Sess. XXXI Cong., vol. 9, and E.t. Doc. No. 4, Special\\nSess. XXXII Cong., vol. 3.\\nSince then, a period of almost twenty years of unexampled development\\nof mines and minerals in the uj)j)er peninsula, nothing has been done there\\nby government, State or national, and but small expenditures have been\\nauthorized on the lower peninsula, as hereinafter detailed.\\n1859. By act No. 206, the Governor was authorized to appoint a geolo-\\ngist and assistants to finish the survey and 62,000 for that year, $3,000 for\\nthe following were appropriated.\\nProfessor A. Winchell was commissioned by Governor Wisner, and sent\\nin his first report December 31, 1860, of 330 pages, devoted wliolly to the\\nlower peninsula, setting fortli the progress of the work for the years 1859\\nand 1860. Of this report, 210 pages are geological, 30 pages zooh)gical,\\n(Professor Miles and 85 pages botanical.\\nDuring the first year fully one-half the appropriation was absorbed in\\nzoological work. Tlie geological results, then, are properly chargeable with\\nonly $4,000. The -whole two years work was, at the request of Governor\\nWisner, kept in the lower peninsula, principally liecause the means pro-\\nvided were not sufficient to inaugurate cft cctive work in the upper.\\nThe work indicated from this report is a general survey of the settled\\ncounties, and of the entire lake shores of the lower peninsula, with detailed\\nexaminations, with a view of settling questions as to coal, gypsum and brine,\\nand other questions connected with economic geology.\\nThe practical results of Dr. Houghton s survey are too far from our day\\nto estinuite but those of Professor Winchell are nearer our time, and can\\nbe found, more or less, in the current and contemporary news of the day.\\nA few of these results, addressed to those members of both houses, who\\nwill hinge their vote upon the question, Will it pay your committee l)eg\\nleave to refer to. Operations for coal in Hillsdale were arrested. Tlie citi-\\nzens of Grand Rapids were informed that if they would find brine, they\\nmust go lower, to the salina formation. The deepest and most jinKluctive\\nsalt basin was located beneath the Saginaw Valley, and as the result of pure\\ngeological induction in remote jjortions of the State, before the first brine\\nwas seen, 850 feet was fixed as the depth at which good brine would be\\nfound a prophesy verified almost to a foot by Dr. Lathrop in the Saginaw\\nValley. A complete table of geological formations of the lower peninsula,\\nand their equivalencies with recognized groups in other States, was for the\\nfirst time constructed. The existence of gy[)sum beneath a ridge of clay on\\nthe shore of Tawas Bay was insisted on, and the disct)very of that deposit,\\nthe commercial value of which is now a matter of notoriety, was made under\\nthe direction of Professor Winchell. Projected borings for artesian water,\\nsearches for coal, gypsum, and petroleum, have been favored or discouraged,\\nand large outlays of money saved.\\nThe existence of three salt basins was established, the upper of which sup-\\nplies Bay City and vicinity, (except the deep wells;) the middle, the Sagi-\\nII", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "114 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nnaw and the lower, the wells at St. Clair, Mt. Clemens and Port Austin.\\nThe wells at the three last named places were undertaken under the advice\\nof the State Geologist, purely upon geological calculations, according to the\\nmethods of rigorous science. In the case of the St. Clair well, the commu-\\nnications of the Geologist with Colonel Whiting, as to deptli, supply and\\nstrength of brine, are instructive indications of the value of science in busi-\\nness enterprises.\\nThe special survey and report upon the geology and climatology of the\\nGrand Traverse Region, 1866-7, has been the means (though wholly a pri-\\nvate work) of turning the attention of the people to that country, and has\\nlargely increased its population, particularly of those interested in fruit\\nculture, under the tempering influence of the waters of Lake Michigan.\\nMore might be added, but this ought, in the opinion of your committee,\\nto secure a liberal appropriation.\\n1861. By joint resolution No. 7, provision was made for printing and\\ndistributing five thousand copies of the report made in 1859.\\n1861. By act No. 64, two thousand dollars for the year, and a like sum\\nfor the next, were appropriated for continuing the geological survey, with\\ndirection to restrict labor to geology exclusively, except so far as the col-\\nlection of specimens in botany and natural science may not materially\\ninterfere with the same.\\nUnder this act but one thousand dollars was drawn and expended. Gov-\\nernor Blair failed to draw his warrant for the remainder, rather procrasti-\\nnating than refusing, and the season for field work passed, and the country\\nwas soon involved in the tumult of war, and the continuance of the survey\\nwas not pressed by the officers in charge.\\n1863. By act No. 212, a special appropriation of fifteen hundred dol-\\nlars for that year, and a like sum for 1864, was appropiated to provide that\\na suitable person (presumably a geologist) should visit the salt localities of\\nthe State, and make a special survey thereof, with direct reference to the\\nfeasibility of salt boring also, to collect and arrange suitable specimens of\\nthe different strata obtained from salt borings, and the same to arrange in\\na cabinet suitable for the same, in some room of the Capitol, (possibly the\\nlibrary room, as the least crowded and most capacious.)\\nYour committee are unable to find any public report showing the expen-\\nditure of this appropriation.\\nIn the same year, by joint resolution No. 10, Professor Winchell, desig-\\nnated as late State geologist, is required to turn over to the board of\\nState auditors all instruments, material, and property of any descri})tion,\\nof the State, used by him and his assistants also, all specimens, and the\\ngeological survey was closed leaving, as your committee believe, six thou-\\nsand dollars of unexpended appropriations, and a considerable amount of\\ngeological labor and material half done, but yet extant, and in condition\\nto be saved and made of practical use to the people of this State.\\nIt will be seen from this condensed review that, aside from the 89 pages of\\nthe reports of February 1, 1841, and a few brief notices subsequent thereto,\\na period oi hventy-eigJd years of general growth, prosperity, and develo})ment\\nhas been allowed to pass, and the richest mineral territory in iron and\\ncopper in the world has been left wholly unaided by State aj)propriations in\\nthe development of its gigantic possibilities. Is it any wonder that the\\nenterprising people of that far away region, who have accomplished so much\\nwith .such little means, grow restive in a connection that brings them no\\nshare of the public money derived from a common taxation, that has been\\nprofusely scattered over the lower half of the State, in the shape of Prisons,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "RAILROADS. 115\\nReform Schools, Insane, Deaf, Dunil), and Blind Asylums, Normal School,\\nAgricultural College, University, geological survej^s, and internal improve-\\nments, and all the thousand and one ways that those nearest to the public\\ntreasury reach for its contents\\nIn the meanwhile, those hardy pioneers have labored and waited, until\\nnow, with a population of nearly 35,000, a capital invested in 112 companies\\nfor developing copper of $16,250,500, upon which has been paid dividends\\nof $5,880,000, and an iron interest which, in the twelfth year of its com-\\nmercial life, produced over one-fifth of all the iron mined in the United\\nStates, they have rights, and the State has duties long-neglected duties\\ntoward them, which it were wise to no longer neglect.\\nYour committee are of opinion that the State is fully able, and ought to\\nbe willing, to enter now upon an enlarged and liberal geologic survey of\\nboth peninsulas that if but one can be undertaken, the Lake Su])erior\\ncountry is entitled to the preference and that the survey there, in addition\\nto the duties usually assigned to such officials, should also include the sta-\\ntistics and history of the mineral, mining, smelting, manufacturing, and\\ntransportation interests the comj)ilation of accurate maps, showing the\\ntopography, geology, and timber, and the position of all mines, furnaces,\\nand roads of the iron and copper region. Your committee would further\\nnote the fact that within the limits of the proposed survey, the State owns a\\nlarge amount of swamp and school laud, reserved from market on actiount\\nof its supposed mineral value, the determination of which value is a matter\\nof common interest to all the people, while the United States are also\\nholders of large tracts of supposed mineral land, whose value is wholly\\nunknown, as nuich of the data given by Foster and Whitney, nearly twenty\\nyears ago, is shown by private examination to have been erroneous and im-\\nperfect.\\nRAILROADS.\\nWe have already alluded to the origin and building of the principal rail-\\nroadtj of the State, and we now propose to speak of their success and present\\ncondition. The oldest and most successful is the Michigan Central. After\\npassing into the hands of a private company it was extended to Chicago, a\\ndistance of 284 miles from Detroit and in regard to its equipment, man-\\nagement, and general success it occupies a first-class position.\\nIn May, 1849, it was completed and in operation from Detroit to New\\nBuffalo. New Buffalo Avas a small village at the southern extremity of\\nLake IMichigan, a few miles east of the present Michigan City. It has now\\nentirely disappeared from the map. The JVIichigau Central Railroad termi-\\nnated there, and from this point two daily lines of steamers ran to Chicago,\\na distance of nearly forty-five miles. The time between Chicago and New\\nYork became thus reduced to two and a half days. The Galena Railroad\\nof Illinois was at that time comi)leted and in operation from Chicago to\\nElgin, a distance of forty-two miles. The Galena Railroad Company for a\\ntime entertained the design of completing the Michigan Central road from\\nNew Buffalo into Chicago, but that was finally done by the Michigan Cen-\\ntral Railroad Company themselves. On its line have sprung up a large\\nnumber of beautiful towns and villages the older places along the route\\nhave greatly increased, and the country through which it passes exhibits a\\ndegree of thrift and prosperity that will compare favorably with the most\\nflourishing sections of the country. Its business arrangements are such that\\ngoods may now be shipi)ed from Chicago to Portland, in Maine, with only\\none change of cars, and four passenger trains leave the two cities of Chicago", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "116 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nand Detroit daily. The eastern terminus being at the latter city, it has full\\nadvantage of the various connections at that point, viz The Great Western\\nand Grand Trunk Railways, the important steamboat routes to Cleveland,\\nBuffalo, and Lake Superior, and the different freight routes to the different\\nlake ports of which Detroit is the nucleus. By means of what is called the\\nJoliet cut-off it is connected with St. Louis by the Chicago, Alton, and\\nSt. Louis Railroad. As this is the leading railroad artery of the State we\\nsubmit the following particulars furnished from au official source:\\nIn reference to connections with other roads in the State of JMichigan, it\\nis evident that the managers are pursuing the wise policy of assisting such\\nnew lines as must increase the local business, and whose friendship must be\\npermanently beneficial. In furtherance of these views, aid was given to the\\nJackson, Lansing, and Saginaw Railroad, which has now become a valuable\\nally; and also to the Grand River Valley Railroad, extendiugfrom Jack-\\nson to Grand Rapids, a distance of ninety-four miles. The latter road is\\nnow operated as the Grand River Valley Division of the Michigan Cen-\\ntral Railroad, under terms of an agreement Avhereby certain money was\\nadvanced to complete and equip it, the lessees covenanting to pay the inter-\\nest on its bonds, and a maximum rental after three years, equivalent to five\\nper cent, upon its capital stock. Although this road has onjy been in work-\\ning order for a short period it is earning a fair revenue and contributing a\\nlarge and remunerative business to the main line. Arrangements have also\\nbeen made with the directors of the Michigan Air-line Railroad for a lease\\nof that portion of their road between Niles and Jackson, at a rental which\\nshould be equal to the interest on bonds which might be used in completing\\nit, not exceeding $18,000 per mile, at eight per cent, interest. The distance\\nby this line between Niles and Jackson is sixteen miles shorter than the one\\nnow in use, and renders the business of a rich section of country lying in\\nmany places twenty-five or thirty miles south of the INIichigan Central Rail-\\nroad directly tributary to it. The Peninmlar Raihray, extending from Bat-\\ntle Creek to Lansing the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, running\\nfrom Kalamazoo to Bloomingdale the Fort Wayne, Jackson, and Safjinaw\\nRailroad, and the Chicago and Michigan Lake Shore Railroad, are all valu-\\nable tributaries to the Michigan Central Railroad, especially the latter,\\nwhich opens up the finest fruit-growing section of the State. Arrangements\\nwere made in 1869 conducing to more harmonious relations and greater\\nunity of action between the Great Western Railway of Canada and the\\nMichigan Central Railroad and on January 1st, 1870, the eastern and\\nwestern agencies of both roads were consolidated. The benefits of this con-\\nsolidation are apparent in the reduction of expenses and in a more active\\nco-operation for securing business but the North Shore Route will be able\\nto compete for traffic on much better terms when the projected line from\\nGloncoe to Bulialo is built, and when it is able to obtain at the latter place\\nbenefits which are now only conceded to the South Shore Route in conse-\\nquence of the rivalry existing between the New York Central and Erie Rail-\\nroads. The new line from Glencoe to Buftalo will be nearly an air-line from\\nDetroit, with easy grades, and can be operated very economically at a high\\nrate of speed. It is estimated that the distance between New York and\\nChicago via Buffalo, Glencoe, Detroit, and the short cut-oft between Niles\\nand Jackson, alluded to before, will not exceed 900 miles, and that much\\nfaster time can be made over the new route than over the present short line\\nvia Pittsburg.\\nThe Michigan Southern is another of the great lines of travel and freight\\ntransportation to which the State owes much of its prosperity. The history", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "RAILROADS. 117\\nof this road, for which we are indebted to Henry M. Flint, Esq., afford an-\\nother example of the benefits of railroad consolidation:\\nThe JNIichigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad Company was\\nformed on the 25th of April, 1855, by the consolidation of two railroads\\nwhich had existed for some time previously, namely, the Michigan Southern\\nrailroad, and the Northern Indiana railroad. The Northern Indiana rail-\\nroad, as it existed at the time of its consolidation with the Michigan South-\\nern Ilailroad Company in 1855, originated in a company formed in Indiana,\\nas early as 1835, under a charter from the State, as the Buffalo and Missis-\\nsippi Ilailroad Company, The Northern Indiana Railroad Company com-\\nmenced its operations in the year 1852, under the provisions of a charter\\nfrom the State of Ohio, which was granted on the od of March, 1851. The\\nNorthern Indiana and Chicago railroad had also commenced its operations\\nabout the same time, under a charter from the State of Illinois. The three\\nroads last named became merged into one about the year 1854, under the\\nname of the Northern Railroad Company.\\nThe IMichigan Southern Railroail C(jnj2)any was formed under a charter\\nfrom the State of JMichigan, on the 9th of ]May, 184G, and in pursuance of\\nan act authorizing the sale to them of the existing Michigan Southern rail-\\nroad and the Jackson and Tecumseh Branch thereof, which were both owned\\nand operated by the State of Michigan. The organization was completed,\\nand the conditions of the act were complied with in December, 1846, so that\\nthe Michigan Southern Railroad Company entered into possession of the\\nrailroad and its branch that year. The railroad from Monroe westward\\nwas commenced by the State of Michigan about 1838, but it was only fin-\\nished as far as Hillsdale at the time of its sale to the JMichigan Southern\\nRailroad Company in 184G. It was extended by that company in 1852 to\\nthe Indiana State line, near IMiddlebury, and was connected there with the\\nNorthern Indiana railroad. The latter road was completed to Chicago in\\nJune, 1852.\\nThe Jackson and Tecumseh Branch was extended to Jackson in 1855,\\nand a branch was built from Constantine, which was the terminus of the\\nold IMichigan Southern railroad, to Three Rivers, in IMichigan, in 1853.\\nThe Goshen Branch forms part of the Goshen air-line from Toledo to Elk-\\nhart, where it makes connection with the old line from Chicago to IMonroe.\\nThe Erie and Kalamazoo railroad from Toledo to Adrian, leased from\\nthe Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad Company, is run and used as part of the\\nmain line of the Michigan Southern railroad from Chicago to Toledo. Part\\nof the Detroit, IMonroe, and Toledo railroad, which was mostly Iniilt by the\\nMichigan Southern Railroad Company, and is exclusively controlled and\\noperated by them, is used as far as Monroe as j)art of the Michigan South-\\nern railroad from Chicago to Detroit. The Detroit, Monroe, and Toledo\\nroad is also used as a line from Detroit to Toledo, connecting at Toledo with\\nroads to Cincinnati and Cleveland.\\nThe number of miles of road now owned and operated by the Michigan\\nSouthern and Northern Indiana Railroad Company is as follows:\\nToledo to Chicago via old line, 243 Toledo to Elkhart, air-line, 132\\nDetroit to Toledo, 05 Monroe to Adiian, 33 Jackson Branch, 42 Three\\nRivers Branch, sub-leased, 12. Total miles, 527.\\nIn September, 1849, soon after the organization of the Michigan Southern\\nRailroad Company, a statement was sulimitted to the stockholders by the\\nBoard of Directors, exhibiting the condition of the road and the finances\\nof the company, and soliciting a new subscription of a quarter of a million\\nof dollars to provide means for extending the road west from Hillsdale, A", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "118 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nportion of the stock was subscribed, and in the spring of 1850 the line from\\nHillsdale to Coldwater, a distance of twenty-two miles, was put under con-\\ntract. The road then in operation from Monroe to Hillsdale, a distance of\\nsixty-nine miles, was that which had been originally constructed by the\\nState of Michigan. It had a wooden rail covered by a flat bar of iron.\\nThe company had released the Erie and Kalamazoo road, extending from\\nAdrian to Toledo, thirty-three miles in length, making a total of one hun-\\ndred and eleven miles then operated by the company.\\nIn the original grading of these roads the crossing of the valleys Avas\\neffected, for the most part, by bridges of timber. Since that time, however,\\nthe whole extent of the tracks on these roads has been relaid with heavy\\nrails, and the valleys on the route have been filled with permanent embank-\\nments, with new bridges and culverts for the streams and water-courses.\\nHeavy expenses have also been incurred in providing abundant station\\naccommodation all along the line.\\nIn the summer of 1850 the line was put under contract from Coldwater\\nto Sturgis, a distance of twenty-three miles, and in March, 1851, this por-\\ntion of the road was completed and opened. Some delay was experienced\\nin determining upon the location of the line west of Sturgis, and contracts\\nfor the remainder of the road in Michigan were not made until May, 1851.\\nDuring the Avinter and spring of 1851 the Indiana road Avas put under con-\\ntract. The Michigan Southern road Avas opened to White Pigeon in the\\nlatter part of July, 1851. The Northern Indiana road Avas opened in suc-\\ncessive stages During the fall of 1851, to South Bend, and on the 9th of\\nJanuary, 1852, to La Porte. In February, 1852, the road Avas opened\\nfrom Michigan City to AinsAvorth, in Illinois, and to Chicago in March,\\n1852. On the 22d of May, 1852, the entire line Avas opened, and a passen-\\nger train Avent through from Toledo to Chicago. Thus, in the space of\\ntAventy months, embracing two severe Avinters, the company constructed one\\nhundred and sixty miles of ncAV road, and relaid and nearly rebuilt fifty\\nmiles of old road.\\nThe last act of legislation necessary to the consolidation of the companies\\nowning the Michigan Southern and the Northern Indiana lines of railroad,\\nAvas passed by the INIichigan Legislature on the 13th of February, 1855;\\nfull authority therefor having previously been given by the States of Illi-\\nnois, Indiana, and Ohio. Immediately after the i)assage of the last-men-\\ntioned act, the necessary measures were taken to carry the same into efi cct,\\nand on the 2Gth of April, 1855, the articles of consolidation Avere finally\\nsanctioned and approved by the unanimous vote of the stockholders of the\\nrespective corporations.\\nImprovements of every kind at once sprang u]) in all directions, through\\nthe region in Avhich the roads run. At Toledo, the new depot grounds Avere\\nsoon brought into use, and tlie Avhole business of that terminus Avas trans-\\nferred to tliem. These grounds Avere situated on the Maumee river. At\\nthis point the Cleveland and Toledo railroad unites Avith the Michigan\\nSouthern. The inconvenient ferry Avliich formerly existed at this point has\\nlong since been dispensed Avith, and in place of it a handsome bridge has\\nbeen erected. This point is also the eastern terminus of the Toleilo, Wa-\\nbash and Western railroad, Avhose trains run into the passenger depot of the\\nMichigan Soiitlicrn road.\\nIn February, 1808, a contract Avas entered into Avith the Erie railway, of\\nNew York, ])y the terms of Avhieh that company guarantees the buildiiig a\\nbroad gauge railroad from a point on the Atlantic and Great AVestern rail-\\nway, near Akron, Oliio, to Toledo, Ohio, less than one hundred miles. The", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "RAILROADS. 119\\nMichigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad agree to lay a third rail\\non their line to Chicago, thus to j)erfect a broad gauge route from Chicago\\nto New York by one of the shortest lines. The new road will be com])leted\\nwithin a year, and will effect a revolution in travel between New York and\\nChicago, as the wide and comfortable cars of the Erie road can then carry\\npassengers from one city to the other without change.\\nThe next road which we have to mention is the Detroit and Milwaukee\\nRailroad, with which was incorporated the Detroit and Pontiac and the\\nOakland and Ottawa Railroads. It was first opened its entire distance, one\\nhundred and eighty-eight miles, from Detroit to Grand Haven, in Novem-\\nber, 1858. It has been the means of opening up one of the best farming\\nregions of the State. The principal cities and towns upon its line are Pon-\\ntiac, Fentonville, St. John s, Ionia, Grand Rapids, and Grand Haven, and\\nthe growth of these places has received a great im])etus since its comple-\\ntion while numerous villages have also sprung into being, as if by magic,\\nat numerous points along the line. These changes are plainly visible in the\\nimproved trade of Detroit, and the increase from tlic same cause must con-\\ntinue to be strongly marked. In 1858 the company completed one of the\\nfinest railroad wharves in the world it is fifteen hundred feet long by ninety\\nbroad, the west end of which is occupied by the freight house, the dimen-\\nsions of which are four hundred and fifty by one hundred and thirty-two feet.\\nIn connection with this road, at its western terminus Grand Haven splen-\\ndid steamships ply regularly between that place and the city of IMilwaukee,\\nhaving the most sum})tuous accommodations for passengers, together with\\nample room for all classes of freight.\\nThe population of that section of JMichigan which is directly tributary to\\nor dependent upon the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad as a means of out-\\nlet is at the present time more than 25(),()()0, having upward of one million\\nacres of improved land. At Corunna, in Shiawassee county, the road crosses\\nthe immense bituminous coal bed, which stretches throughout the central\\nportion of the State, and which is undoubtedly destined, at no very distant\\nday, to prove a source of immense business to ihe road and of wealth to the\\nmine owners. Opening, as it does, a road through the very heart of the\\nState, and intersecting for two hundred miles much good farming land, the\\nlocal business alone is now, and is destined to be, truly inunense. The cost\\nof this road was a little moz e than nine millions of dollars.\\nAlthough isolated and not extensive the Flint and Pere Marquette Rail-\\nroad deserves a brief notice for what it has accomplisiied for the Saginaw\\nvalley. In 1856, when Congress adopted a general system of donations of\\nthe public lands in the Western States to aid in constructing railroads, lauds\\nwere granted to Michigan for a similar purpose. In 1857 these lands were\\nconferred by the I^egislature upon the Pere INIarquette Company, which sur-\\nveyed the route of its road from Flint to Pere JMarquette, in the county of\\nMason, upon the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, a distance of one hundred\\nand seventy-two miles, and located the line in the summer of 1857. In Sep-\\ntember of that year, the commercial worhl was fearfully convulsed, and.\\nowing to the constant disasters, the work of construction was not commenced\\nuntil the fall of 1858. In the following year some thirteen miles of road\\nwere graded, and five miles of track was laid with Michigan iron manufac-\\ntured at Wyandotte. The next year, 1858, the work of grading was con-\\ntinued, but the financial difficulties of the times were such as to preclude\\nthe company from obtaining their iron that season so as to extend the track.\\nIn 1800 the time had expired wherein the company were to complete the\\nfirst twenty miles of the road, so as to entitle it to the benefit of the law of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "120 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe State conferring upon the companies the lands granted by Congress to\\naid in its construction. In this dilemma, with the a2:)preheusion of a j^ossi-\\nble forfeiture being declared by the State, the company received from the\\ngovernor and other influential officers and citizens of the State, such assur-\\nances of good will, that no advantage or exception would be taken if the\\ncompany would prosecute the enterprise in good faith, and the contractors\\nwere induced to proceed and complete the first twenty-six and a half miles\\nof the route.\\nAnother State railroad is that of Amboy, Lansing, and Traverse Bay,\\nwhich is designed to connect the great northern lumber region of the State\\nwith the markets of Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. Although not belonging\\nto Michigan, the great Canadian railways have exerted an imjjortant effect\\nupon its prosperity, and the official intercourse between the managers of the\\nGreat Western and Grand Trunk roads and those of INIichigan has been\\nhonorable as well as profitable to all the parties concerned.\\nThe condition of the new railroads in the State on the first of January,\\n1870, was, in substance, as follows The Allegan and Holland road, twenty-\\ntwo miles long, was completed. The Flint and Pere Marquette road is ex-\\npected to be finished as far as Henry, one hundred and twenty miles, before\\nthe year 1871. The Grand Rapids and Indiana road is expected to be\\ncompleted before the close of 1870. The Michigan Air-line road is finished\\nfrom Three Rivers to Centreville and the Grand Rapids and Lake Shore\\nroad is progressing with despatch to Pentwater. In June, 1870, the Lake\\nSuperior and Mississippi Railroad was completed it is one hundred and\\nfifty miles in length, and is the connecting link between Duluth and St.\\nPaul. Steamers of a large class now leave Cleveland and Detroit almost\\ndaily for Dulutli, a distance of one thousand miles, making landings at all\\nthe American ports on Lakes Huron and Superior and this new route to\\nthe far Northwest not only promises to be eminently popular with summer\\ntourists, but will become a favorite line of travel for all emigrants bound to\\nthe head-waters of the Mississippi. On the 1st of August, 1870, it was an-\\nnounced that the State of Michigan had in operation not less than thirteen\\nhundred and twenty-five miles of railroad, the cost and equipment of which\\nwas estimated at about 860,000,000; but with this fact we have to chronicle\\nthe following information: In the spring of 1870 the Supreme Court of\\nMichigan decided that a certain act of the Legislature, passed in 18G4,\\nauthorizing municipalities to issue bonds in aid of railroad companies was\\nunconstitutional, and the bonds issued under said act invalid. On the 27th\\nof July following the Legislature met in extraordinary session for the pur-\\npose of considering this (piestion and although the Governor in his message\\nproposed that the said bonds should be made good, the Legislature by a\\ndecided vote refused to entertain the proposition. The debt thus set aside\\nwas stated to amount to \u00c2\u00a7o.o67,l 75.50, equivalent to a tax of 827.44 per\\ncapita on the total vote of the State at the preceding Presidential election.\\nIn September, 1870, the Fort Wayne, Jackson, and Saginaw railroad was\\ncompleted, the distance from Jackson to Fort Wayne being 95 miles; at\\nthe latter jjliice it is connected with the Jackson, Lansing, and Saginaw\\nn)iid, of which it virtually forms a part, tin; two lines making a distance of\\n211 miles. The lines of railroad which have been surveyed, but are not yet\\ncompleted, amount to 908 miles.\\nLUMBERING INTEREST.\\nThe pine forests of Michigan are a loading feature of its undeveloped\\nwealth, and yet it has been estimated that its hard-wood forests are equally", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "LUMBERING INTEREST. 121\\nextensive and valuable. The pine lands are so located and distributed as\\nto bring almost every portion of the State, sooner or later, in connection\\nwith the commerce of the lakes. The pine timber is generally interspersed\\nwith many other varieties, such as beach, maple, white ash, oak, cherry,\\netc., and in most cases the soil is suited to agricultural purposes. Tiiis is\\nparticularly the case on the western slope of the peninsula, on the waters\\nof Lake Michigan, and along the central portion of the State. On the east\\nand near Lake Huron, the pine districts are more extensively covered with\\npine timber, and generally not so desirable for farming purposes. There are\\ngood farming lands, however, all along the coast of Lake Huron, and ex-\\ntending back into the interior.\\nA large portion of the pine lands of the State are in the hands of the St.\\nMary Canal Company and individuals, who are holding them as an invest-\\nment, and it is no detriment to this great interest, that the whole State has\\nbeen thus explored and the choicest of the lands secured. The develop-\\nments which liave thus been made of the quality and extent of the pine dis-\\ntricts, have given stability and confidence to the lumbering interest. And\\nthese lands are not held at exorbitant })rices, but are sold upon ftiir and\\nreasonable terms, such as practical business men and lumbermen will not\\nusually object to.\\nIt is a remarkable fact that almost every stream of water in the State,\\nnorth of Grand river, penetrates a district of pine lands, and the iiidutlis of\\nnearly all these streams are already occupied with lumbering astahlishraents\\nof greater or less magnitude. These lumfcer colonies are the pioneers, and\\ngenerally attract around them others who engage in agriculture, and thus,\\nalmost imperceptibly, the agricultural interests of the State are spreading\\nand developing in every direction. The want of suitable means of access\\nalone prevents the rapid settlement of large and fertile districts of the State,\\nwhich ai e not unknown to the more enterprising and j)ersevering pioneers,\\nwho have led the way through the wilderness, and are noAV engaged almost\\nsingle-handed in their labors, not shrinking from the privations and suffer-\\nings which are sure to surround these first settlements in the new districts.\\nThe Grand Traverse region, with its excellent soil, comparatively mild\\nclimate, and abundance of timber of every description, is attracting much\\nattention, and extensive settlements have already commenced in many\\nlocalities in that region. The coast of Lake JMichigan, from Grand river\\nnorth, for upwai-ds of one hundred miles to jMauistee river, })resents, gene-\\nrally, a barren, sandy appearance, the sand hills of that coast almost inva-\\nriably shutting out from the view the surrounding country.\\nNorth of the jNIanistee, however, this characteristic of the coast changes,\\nand the hard timber comes out to the lake and presents a fine region of\\ncountry, (extending from Lake Michigan to Grand Traverse Bay, and be-\\nyond, embracing tlie head waters of the ]\\\\Ianistee river. This large tract\\nof agricultural land is one of the richest portions of the State, and having\\nthroughout its whole extent extensive groves of excellent pine timber inter-\\nsjiersed, it is one of the most desirable portions of the peninsula. Grand\\nTraverse Bay, the jNIanistee river, and River Aux Bees Scies are the outlets\\nfor the pine timber, and aflTord ample means of communication between the\\ninterior and the lake for such purposes. The proposed State roads will, if\\nbuilt, do much towards the settlement of this region. A natural harbor,\\nwhich is being improved by private enterj)rise, is found at the mouth of the\\nRiver Aux Bees Scies, and a new settlement or town has been started at\\nthis point. This is a natural outlet for a considerable portion of the region\\njust described. The lands here, as in other localities in the new pcjrtions\\nH", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "122 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof the State, are such as must induce a rapid settlement whenever the\\nmeans of communication shall be opened.\\nThe valley of the Muskegon embraces every variety of soil and timber,\\nand is one of the most attractive portions of the peninsula. The pine lands\\nupon this river are scattered all along the valleys in groups or tracts con-\\ntaining several thousand acres each, interspersed with hard timber, and sur-\\nrounded by fine agricultural lands.\\nThe Pere Marquette river and White river, large streams emptying into\\nLake Michigan, pass through a region possessing much the same charaoter-\\nistics. This whole region rests on a lime rock, has a rich soil, and is well\\nwatered with living springs, resembling, in many features, the Grand river\\nvalley. Beds of gypsum have been discovered on the head waters of the\\nPere j\\\\Iarquette.\\nTlie unsettled counties in the northern portion of the State, the northern\\nportion of Montcalm and Gratiot, Isabella, Gladwin, Clair, and a portion\\nof INIidland, are not inferior to any other portion. There is a magnificent\\nbody of pine stretching from the head of Flat river, in Montcalm county,\\nto the upper waters of the Tittabawassee, and growing upon a fine soil, well\\nadapted to agriculture. This embraces a portion of the Saginaw valley,\\nand covers the high ground dividing the waters of Lakes Huron and\\nMichigan.\\nThe eastern slope of the peninsula embraces a variety of soil and timber\\nsomewhat different, in its general features, from other portions of the State.\\nThe pine lands of this region are near the coast of the lake, and lie in large\\ntracts, but with good agricultural land adjoining.\\nThere arc in tlic lower peninsula, in round uumbers, about twentj- -four\\nmillion acres of land. Taking Houghton lake, near the centre of the State,\\nas a ])oint of view, the general surface may be comprehended as follows\\nThe Muskegon valley to the southwest, following the Muskegon river in its\\ncourse to Lake Michigan. The western slope of the peninsula directly\\nwest, embracing the pine and agricultural districts along the valleys of\\nseveral large streams emptying into Lake INIichigan. The large and beau-\\ntiful region to the northwest, embracing thovalUy of tiio ]\\\\Ianistee and the\\nundulating lands around Grand Traverse 13ay. Northward, the region\\nembraces the head waters of the Manistee and Au Sauble, with the large\\ntracts of excellent pine in that locality, and beyond, the agricultural region\\nextending to Little Traverse Bay and the Straits of Mackinaw. To the\\nnortheast, the valley of the Au Sauble and the pine regi(Mi of Tluuider Bay.\\nTo the east, the pine and hard timber extending to Saginaw Bay. To the\\nsoutheast, the Saginaw valley; and to the south, the high lands before de-\\nscribed in the central counties.\\nThus we have yet undeveloped over half of the surface of this peninsula,\\nembracing certainly twelve to fifteen millions of acres, possessing stores of\\nwealth in the timber upon its surface, reserving the soil for the benefit of\\nthose who, as the means of communication are opened, will come in and\\npossess it, and thus introduce property into the region. It is estinuited that\\none-tenth of the area north of the Grand river is embraced in the pine\\nregion. The swamp lauds granted to tlie State will probably cover nearly\\ndouble the area of the pine lands proper, the remainder, for the most part,\\nbeing covered with a growth of hard timber suited to the necessities of the\\nincreasing ))opulation. It has been estinuited that in good years the pine\\nlumber of the State yields not far from ten millions of dollars, and yet it is\\nthought that the various hard woods might be made to yield a larger in-\\ncome. For example, the region around Saginaw Bay is i)erha})s the most", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "LUMBERING INTEREST. 123\\nremarkable locality in the world in regard to the quality and variety of its\\nhard-wood timber. There, for nearly a hundred miles in extent, upon\\nstreams debouching into the bay, are dense forests of the choicest oak, with\\na great profusion of hickory, black walnut, white ash, white wood, bird s-\\neye maple, red elm, and other valuable varieties. The manufacture of agri-\\ncultural implements will i)robably, in the future, be extensively carried on\\nin this region. The profusion of this gi-owth is only ec^ualled by its accessi-\\nbility to market, by the streams upon which it abounds. But hard-wood\\nforests are found in other piuts of the State, which are nearly as valuable\\nas those of the Saginaw region. And to crown all, it has been demonstrated\\nthat the lumber manufactured in Michigan, including all its varieties, is\\nunsurpassed in its soundness and durability by that of any other in the\\ncountry. In the lumber districts of the eastern shore there are 212 saw-\\nmills with an invested cai)ital of SG,822,000, which in 1869 cut 738,041,700\\nfeet of lumber, 140,901,000 laths, and 243,820,000 shingles. Number of\\nmen employed at mills, 5,204. In the lumber woods it is estimated that\\n10,250 men were employed at wages varying from $20 to 825 per month\\nwith board mill labor, $2 and $2.50 per day. The western shore lumber\\nregion includes the districts of Muskegon, Manistee, Ottawa, and Oceana.\\nAbi)Ut 1,000 men are employed in the mills at Muskegon, exclusive of men\\nin the woods. In that district 200,000,000 feet of lumber were cut in 18G9.\\nThe products of the other districts in 1869 are not given, but they produced\\nin 1869 480,000,000 feet of lumber aud ,250,000,000 laths. The season s\\nwork on the Black river, it is estimated, was about 100,000,000 feet of logs,\\nincluding a few million feet left over from the previous season. The pro-\\ngress which the lumber trade is making in the northern part of the southern\\npeninsula is said to be remarkable.\\nIn concluding this chapter, we may with propriety make an allusion to\\nthe climate of the State. As the i)resence of the ocean tends to mitigate\\nthe excessive temperature of the Atlantic slope, so do the great lakes exer-\\ncise a similar influence over the two peninsulas of Michigan, lessening the\\nwinter s cold and the summer s heat. The temperature of the State has\\nbeen fixed as follows\\nAnn Arbor. Spring, 45.5 summer, 66.3 autumn, 48.4 winter, 25.3\\nyear, 46.4.\\nFort Brady. Spring, 37.6 summer, 62.0 autumn, 43.5 winter, 18.3\\nyear, 40.4.\\nThe annual precipitation of rain is as follows\\nAnn Arbor. Spring, 7.30 summer, 11.20; autumn, 7.00; winter, 3.10;\\nyear, 28.60.\\nMackinac. Spring, 4.67 summer, 8.88 autumn, 9,01 winter, 3.31\\nyear, 23.87.\\nFort Brady. Spring, 5.44; summer, 9.97 autumn, 10.76 winter, 5.18\\nyear, 31.35.\\nWith these facts before us, and remembering what has been recorded\\nrespecting the soil and vegetable producticms of Michigan, and its peculiar\\nposition, it would seem that so for as the clbuate of the State is concerned,\\nwe are wai-ranted in coming to the conclusion that it is a most fortunate\\nregion of couutry. If the more southern portions, in this respect, are found\\nto be on a par with the neighboring States of Ohio and Indiana, when we\\ncome to look at the northern peninsula we find it abounding in charms which\\nare peculiarly its own, unless we admit northern Wisconsin into the jiartner-\\nship. Those portions of the State which are washed by the northern part\\nof Lake INIichigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior, and where the pine", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "124 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nforests abound, have but two seasons, summer and winter. In September\\nthe wild geese and other water-fowl commence their migrations in October\\nthe first snows appear, and these, with the dense woods, retain a warmth in\\nthe soil until the opening of spring and, although the thermometer may-\\nfall to 30 the dry, cold, and elastic winds rob the temperature of its\\nintensity, so far as it relates to the human system. And then, during the\\nlong winter nights, the wonderful Northern Lights come forth in all their\\npomp and after they have delighted and bewildered us with their beauty\\nand sjilendor, would seem to say to the dwellers in Southern Michigan, who\\nare wont to boast of their bright skies, brilliant sunsets, and matchless In-\\ndian summer, that to the North belong the chief glory of these phenomena\\nof tlie seasons. It is in Avinter, too, and in the North, that the wild animals\\nattain their greatest perfection the beaver his coat of velvet, and the part-\\nridge and owl their snow-white plumage. In April the lakes and streams\\nare released from their icy fetters, and summer, without oppressive heat, but\\nwith charming influences and associations, then comes forth like a queen,\\nand spreads a quiet gladness from lake to lake and from shore to shore, and\\nwhen once enjoyed, can nevei* be forgotten,\\nTHE FISHERIES.\\nHemmed in, as is the State of Michigan, by four of the largest lakes in\\nthe world, and all of them filled with the purest water, it is not to be won-\\ndered at that its fisheries should have become an important item in its com-\\nmerce. We have not the data to give an accurate account of the yield of\\nfish, but we can safely say that they bring in a revenue of more than a\\nmillion of dollars per annum, give employment to many hundred men and\\nboats, and find a ready market in the States of Ohio and Indiana, as well\\nas Michigan itself The most important fish taken in these Avaters is the\\nwhite fish, and while the largest proportion of them arc salted, large num-\\nbers of them are sold in a fresh state, and are popular in markets as dis-\\ntant as Washington city, whither they are sent, neatly i:)acked in ice. They\\nare found in the straits and all the lakes are taken with seines, gill nets,\\ntrap nets, and with spears, but never with the hook. They are celebrated\\nfor their edible qualities, and in the Western States occupy a similar posi-\\ntion to that of the shad along the Atlantic coast. Their average weight is\\nfrom three to five pounds, but specimens are occasionally taken weighing\\nfifteen ])Ouuds.\\nThe Detroit river white fish in the capture and shipment of which Mr.\\nGeorge Clark has become celebrated are more juicy and better flavored\\nthan those caught in the upper lakes, probably from the fact that they\\nfeed on more delicate food, but those found in Lake Superior surpass all\\nothers in size. They Avere once so numerous that eight thousand Avere taken\\nat a single haul. At present a haul of one or tAvo thousand is thought a\\nvery good one. In all the rivers they are groAving scarce very gradually,\\nbut surely. The ratio of decrease cannot be arrived at Avith any degree of\\nprecision. A fcAV years ago they Avere mostly taken Avith gill nets, and\\nwhen they fell oft in one place, a corresponding increase Avould be found in\\nanother. Noav they are taken Avith trap nets along the shore. The trap\\nnets are a decided advantage over gill nets. They alloAV the fish to be kept\\nalive, and then are taken out at leisure; they are, therefore, of better\\nquality.\\nPickerel. This variety is also held in high esteem. They arc good,\\neither fresh or salted and dried, and for packing rank next in value to", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "THE FISHERIES. 125\\nwhite, although held nomintilly at the same price as trout when packed.\\nThey generally run up the rivers and lakes in the spring to spawn, where\\nthey are caught in considerable nunibei s. Average weight, two pounds,\\nalthough occasionally weighing ten pounds.\\nLake or Mackinaw Trout. This species are as voracious as ])ickerel.\\nThey are chiefly caught in Lake Huron with gill nets and hooks. Saginaw\\nbay appears to be a favorite resort with them. Some winters, large quan-\\ntities are caught in the bay through the ice, with a decoy fish and spear.\\nThey spawn in the fall, generally in the bays and inlets. Average weight,\\nfive pounds large specimens reaching seventy-five 2)ounds.\\nSiscowit. These are mostly found in Lake Superior, and are preferred\\nby some to any other kind. They are of the trout family, and for fat are\\nunequalled they are mostly taken in gill nets. They spawn in tlie fall, and\\nare very superior for packing. They are also of some value for their oil.\\nCommon weight, four pounds.\\nLarge Herring. These are very good fish, fijund only in the straits and\\nlarge lakes. They spawn in the fall but few are caught. Average weight,\\none pound and three-quarters.\\nIn addition to the above, the muscalonge a Large and delicious variety\\nblack and white bass, rock bass, perch, sturgeon, catfish, eels, gar, mullet,\\nsucker, perch, sunfish, as well as the lovely and valuable common trout, and\\nmany other kinds abound in the waters of Michigan.\\nWhite fish are taken both in the spring and fall, chiefly the latter spring\\nis the season for pickerel trout arc taken at all seasons.\\nThe localities where the commercial fish abound are numerous, but the\\nfollowing are the most important, and we mention them in the order of\\ntheir importance: Mackinaw, Detroit river, Au Sauble, Thunder Bay,\\nSaginaw Bay, Beaver Islands, Grand Haven, St. Joseph, INIichigan City,\\nGreen Bay, Saugatuck, Point Sauble, White Lake, and Port Huron. The\\ntotal proceeds, as already mentioned, of all the Michigan fisheries is esti-\\nmated at more than one million of dollars per annum.\\nThat the fishing business of the great lakes is yet in its infancy must be\\napparent to all who reflect upon the inexhaustible supplies to be found in\\nthese lakes and their tributaries and for this kind of food the surrounding\\nmarket is almost without a limit. The barrels for packing constitute no\\ninconsiderable item of this vast and constantly growing trade. Their manu-\\nfacture is a regular branch of business in some localities, but large numbers\\nare also made by the fishermen themselves when not engaged upon the Ava-\\nters. The nets employed come chiefly from Massachusetts, and the large\\nitem of salt used is obtained from within the limits of the State. Of the\\nmen who originated the trade on Lake Hui on, perhaps none have been\\nmore successful than j\\\\Ir. Harvey Williams, of Saginaw. Around Macki-\\nnaw, on Lakes Superior and Michigan, the more successful men engaged in\\nthe business have been the Canadian French and Norwegians, the last of\\nwhom are wont to perform ex})loits upon the stormy waters which some-\\ntimes astonish the natives of the surrounding shores. It has been estimated\\nl)y the more sanguine citizens of Michigan that the value of her fisheries,\\nwhen fully developed, will exceed the product of all the interior States of\\nthe Union added together but however that may be, the i act remains that\\nMichigan has been bountifully treated by the hand of Nature in this parti-\\ncular, as well as in many others, and it should not falter in its duty as a\\nfaithful steward.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "126\\nCIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCOMMERCE.\\nAs nearly all the interests hitherto touched upon in this compilation are\\ndirectly connected with the commerce of the State, there is but little to add\\nin further illustration of that subject. It is admitted on all sides that there\\nis not a State in the Union which surpasses Michigan in her commercial\\nadvantages, and if her natural resources are properly fostered and developed\\nthey will keep her for a long time to come in the van of prosperous com-\\nmonwealths. She is also unequalled among the States in the extent of her\\ncoast line, which measures about fourteen hundred miles, and her natural\\nharbors are numerous, and, generally speaking, so favorably located as to\\nrequire but little expense or labor to make them available in all seasons for\\nall classes of shipping.\\nThe combined area of all the great lakes, according to Professor J. W.\\nFoster, is approximately estimated to exceed 90,000 square miles, and the\\ndepression in most of them is sufficiently profound to reach below the sea-\\nbed. The following table, tlfough not strictly accurate, is believed to em-\\nbrace their prominent features, and are the latest conclusions arrived at by\\nscientific men\\nLength.\\nBreadth.\\nDepth.\\nHeight aboTe\\nsea.\\nArea in\\nmiles.\\n_\\n355\\n310\\n168\\n246\\n190\\n164\\n84\\n120\\n60\\n50\\n900\\n600\\n600\\n300\\n800\\n605\\n3S3\\n578\\n564\\n233\\n32 000\\nErie\\nT f 1\\n90 300\\n1\\nIn the absence of minute and authentic statistics respecting the shipping\\nof the State, we can only draw conclusions from isolated particulars. For\\nexample, the commercial value of Avheat passed through the St. Mary canal\\nin 1856, the year after it was completed, was not less than five millions of\\ndollars. In 1854 Lake Superior boasted of two steamboats and five sailing\\nvessels, but at the end of two years from that date there were forty steamers\\nand sixteen sail ve.\u00c2\u00absels upon its waters. In 1839 the number of steamboats\\nwhich navigated the great lakes was fifty-four, and iu splendor of equip-\\nments many of them, such as the IMichigan and Illinois, the Detroit, the\\nWestern W\u00c2\u00ab)rld, Plymouth Rock, Buckeye, and Sandusky, the Cleveland,\\nand the Buffalo, wore at that time unsurpassed by any other vessels of their\\nkind in the United States, the burthen of several of them measuring two\\nthousand tons. In 1827 there were only three steamers running from De-\\ntroit to Buffalo during an entire week, but in 1855, when that class of .ships\\nwas mostly jiopular, there were from eight to ten de])artures from Detroit\\nevery day. Tlie Walk-in-ihe- Water, Captain Jcdediah Rogers, the celebrated\\npioneer steamer, arrived at Detroit-May 20, 1819, and she occupied a whole\\nweek in making one trip to Black Rock, advertising to touch at all the\\ntowns on the American side of Lake Erie. She was wrecked near Buffalo\\nin 1821. In 1855 the two miles of wharf at Detroit were hardly sufficient\\nto accommodate the shipping of that port, but the steamboat business has\\nof late years l)cen materially interfered with by the numerous lines of rail-\\nroad. In 1859 the total number of vessels navigating the waters of the five\\ngreat lakes, which all paid some tribute to Michigan, was more than sixteen\\nhundred, and their aggregate burthen was over four hundred thousand tons.\\nThey were manned by over thirteen thousand seamen, navigating over five", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "COMMERCE. 127\\nthousand miles of lake and river coast, and transporting over six hundred\\nmillions of exports and imports. To use the language of W. P. Strickland,\\nthe State of Michigan is the greatest lumber region in the world, not only\\non account of its interminable forests, but for getting its lumber product to\\nmarket. With a lake coast, on the lower peninsula alone, of more than one\\nthousand miles with numberless water-courses emptying at convenient dis-\\ntance s into her inland seas she enjoys advantages which many empires\\nmight envy. Her wliite-winged carriers are sent to almost every point of\\nthe compass with the product of her forests, which, -N^herever it may go, is\\nthe sign of improvement and progress while by the large expenditures in-\\nvolved in the manufacture of lumber and the employment of thousands of\\nhardy laborers, the general prosperity is materially enhanced and a market\\nopened within her own borders for a considerable share of the productions\\nof her own soil. In 1867, or two years after the rebellion, the total tonnage\\nof the United States was 8,957,514, and the tt)tal amount assigned to the\\nState of Michigan was 112,797, or to the district of Detroit 87,999,\\nMackinaw 2,703, Port Huron 14,()62, and the district known as Michigan\\n9,488.\\nWithin the last few years the European consumers of grain and other\\njiroducts have been convinced that their Avants can be supplied with prompt-\\nn(\\\\ss, and to a large extent from the State of Michigan alone. Her resources\\nare amply sufficient to afford employment for half a century to a tenf )ld\\nlarger number of vessels than have hitherto been employed. The f )r( ign\\nports to which shipments of lumber and staves have been made arc Liver-\\npool, Cork, Greenock, Glasgow, London, Hamburg, Cadiz, and Calais and\\nto many of them large shipments have been made of fl-(jur and grain, but\\nchiefly to Liverpool. Surrounded as it is on three sides by navigable waters,\\nthe State of jMichigan is favorably situated for carrying on an extensive\\ncommerce. The total lake trade of the State, valued at $30,000,000 in 1851,\\nwas in 1863 estimated at $65,000,000, notwithstanding the fact that the\\ndevelopment of the gigantic railroads of the West has absorbed a large por-\\ntion of the trade that would otherwise have been conducted through the\\nlakes. The great mining district of the northern peninsula, to which as yet\\nno railroad has been constructed, finds an outlet for its productions only\\nthrough the lakes, and yearly adds a large quota to the already heavy com-\\nmerce of the State. The ship])ing, estimated in 1850 at 38,144 tons, was in\\n1863 increased to upwards of 100,000 tons. The internal and transit trade\\nof the State, by means of its railroads, etc., is also immense, and has been\\nlargely increased since the completion of the great Canadian lines of rail-\\nroad.\\nAs bearing directly upon the commerce of Michigan, the following gen-\\neral remarks respecting the later developments in the aspect of the country\\narc worthy of consideration\\nThat section of the State known as the Northern Peninsula, lying be-\\ntween Lake Superior and Lake INIichigan is three hundred and sixty miles\\nlong, and from thirty-six to one hundred and twenty miles wide. This por-\\ntion of the State is as yet comparatively unsettled, though its advantages\\nare such as to induce a rapid immigration. The general surface is much\\ndiversified by mountains, hills, valleys, and plains. The eastern portion to\\nthe pictured rocks, is undulating, rising gradually from the lakes to the\\ninterior, where it assumes the character of an elevated table-land. West-\\nward the country becomes broken into hills, with intervening plains, until\\nit is interrupted by the Porcupine Mountains, which form the dividing ridge\\nseparating the waters of Lake Superior from those of Lake Michigan. The", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "128 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhighest peaks toward the western boundary are from one thousand eight\\nhundred to two thousand feet high. The ridge is often broken through by\\nthe larger streams, bordered by extensive valleys. The spurs of these moun-\\ntains project in different directions, often exhibiting their denuded cliffs\\nupon the northern shores. The greater portion of the peninsula, the sand\\nplains excepted, is covered with inmiense forests, principally of white and\\nyellow pine. Of the pine lands, there are millions of acres stretching be-\\ntween the Saute de 6te. Marie and the Ontonagon and Montreal rivers.\\nThe country is abundantly supplied with water, and though none of the\\nstreams are large, yet they furnish immense power, and the means of inter-\\nnal navigation. The head branches of those flowing in different directions\\nfrequently interlock. The lake coast of this section of the State is estimated\\nat between seven hundred and eight hundred miles in length, and it is be-\\nlieved that five-sevenths of the entire peninsula may be reached by the com-\\nmon lake vessels.\\nThe Southern Peninsula, which is four hundred and twelve miles long\\nby from fifty to three hundred in width, has generally a level or rolling\\nsurface, in some parts broken and hilly. The eastern portion, for a distance\\nvarying from five to twenty-five miles from the shore, is almost a dead level,\\nbut westward the land rises into an irregular ridge, in some parts attaining\\nthe height of six hundred or seven hundred feet above the level. This ridge\\nhas much greater proximity to the eastern than to the western shore, and\\nserves to separate the watei s flowing into the lakes on each side. The portion\\nof the soutliern part of the State denominated hilly, branches off from the\\nprincipal ridge in different directions through the adjoining country. The\\nhills consist of an irregular assemblage of somewhat conical elevations, occa-\\nsionally attaining the height of one hundred and fifty or two hundred feet,\\nbut ordinarily of not more than from thirty to forty feet. The main portion\\nof the table-land passing westward to Lake INIichigau, with the exceptions\\nnoted, assumes a very gradual descent, exhibiting a gently undulating and\\nvery rarely broken surface. The ridge of land before spoken of again takes\\na rise near the mouth of Au Sauble river, and is seen from the lake to stretch\\non for many miles along and beyond the coast. It has been considered\\nthe highest land of the region, and is certainly the most rugged part of\\nthe lower peninsula. Taking the great extent of this peninsula into consid-\\neration, however, it may, in a comjjarative point of view, be said to possess\\na great evenness of surface, with a sufficient declivity, nevertheless, to allow\\nthe waters to drain off in lively and healthy streams. The coasts, both\\ntowards Lakes Michigan and Huron, arc sometimes exhibited in high, steep\\nbanks, and those of the former are frequently seen in bluffs and sand hills,\\nvarying from one hundred to three hundr^l feet in height.\\nAmong the citizens of Michigan who have long been paying special atten-\\ntion to the geographical and other interests of the State of JNlichigan is Al-\\nbert D. Kust, editor of the INIichigan Advance; and he has divided the re-\\nsources of the State into five classes, as follows\\n1st. Mining. 2d. Fruit culture. 3d. Manufacture of salt. 4th. ]\\\\Ianu-\\nfacture of lumber. 5th. Agriculture. He believes that the cultivation of\\nthe soil will eventually be the most independent and remunerative of all\\noccupations.\\nAs the ship canal of St. Mary is now performing an important part in\\ndevcloi ing the commerce of Michigan, the subjoined facts, taken from the\\ninaugural message of Governor Baldwin, will be read with interest\\nThe gross earnings of the canal for 1867 were \u00c2\u00a733,515.54. This was\\n810,446 more than was received in 1866. Of this increase, $4,666.96 were", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "COMMERCE. 129\\nthe result of the increase of the rate of tolls from 4 1 to 6 cents per ton\\nupon the tonnage of steamers.\\nThe entire receipts for tolls for the year 1868 were 825,977.14; being\\n$7,538.40 less than the year before. This foiling off was owing, in a great\\ndegree, to the exceedingly depressed condition of the copper mining interest.\\nThe canal had been in operation fourteen seasons prior to 18G9. Very\\nconsiderable repairs had been made during the two preceding years, which,\\nwith those now being prosecuted, will place it in as good condition as the\\nwear and tear of this length of time would allow.\\nThe board of control in 18G8 authorized it to be dredged, to clear it of\\nthe mud and stone which had been borne down by the ice and current.\\nThree hundred feet of a new pier were to be built on the north side, at its\\nwestern terminus. The valves of the lock gates and the slope walls were\\nto be repaired and improved. These improvements to be made under the\\ncharge of tlie superintendent, during the winter months.\\nThis canal, though located in JMichigan and under State control, is a\\nnational work, and of great national importance. At the time of its pro-\\njection it was supposed to be of sufficient capacity for the transit of any\\nvessels which the trade of Lake Superior would ever require, or which\\ncould pass through the shallow waters of the St. Clair Flats or the St,\\nMary river.\\nFor the removal of these river and lake obstructions Congress has made\\nlarge appropriations, and the work is now in progress.\\nAlready the commerce which has been developed along the shores of\\nLake Superior has become so extended that the class of vessels which has\\nbeen found most advantageous to be used in this trade cannot be loaded to\\ntheir full capacity, for the lack of sufficient depth of water in the canal.\\nThe great Northwest is yet in its infancy. Population is pressing into\\nthe States and Territories with wonderful rapidity. A railroad is already\\nbeing constructed from the JNIississippi, at St. Paul, to the head of Lake\\nSui^erior, (comijleted in 1870,) which, during the season of navigation,\\nmust make this canal the great outlet for the products of northern Wis-\\nconsin, IMinnesota, and the Territories beyond. Should the Northern\\nPacific railroad be constructed, Lake Superior would become emphatically\\nthe key to the Northwest, and thus this canal, as its outlet, of still greater\\nnational importance.\\nAlthough this is a national work, Michigan not alone the upper i)enin-\\nsula, but the whole State is deeply interested in its improvement, and in\\nall that will tend to make it the great avenue of the trade of Lake Supe-\\nrior and the Northwest. Since its construction, other avenues have been\\nopened, through which no small portion of the trade and wealth of this\\nregion is being diverted to other States.\\nAs n(jt out of place in this connection, we submit a few particulars re-\\nspecting the indebtedness of the State. On the first of January, 18()7, the\\ndebt of Michigan amounted to 68,970,185, and in July, 1870, it had been\\nreduced to 82,444,528. Besides this, the county and municipal debts of the\\nState incurred during the late war, have been greatly reduced. There have\\nalso been large reductions in the rates of taxation. In 18G7, the apportioned\\ntaxes amounted to 8880,7. 9, but before the close of 1868 they had been\\nreduced to 8713,747 and in 1869 the. apportionment had been reduced to\\n8465,264. The State derives its revenues from direct taxation, and also\\nfrom specific taxes. The specific taxes are paid by railroads, mining com-\\npanies. Masonic lodges, banks, insurance, and express companies, etc.\\nThese taxes yield annually an increasing revenue, which doe^ not come\\nI", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "130 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ndirectly from the pockets of the people, but from rich corporations and\\nthese taxes are devoted to paying the interest and principal of the State in-\\ndebtedness. The revenue from these specific taxes, in 1866, Avas 8101,606.88\\nin 1867, it was $251,325.42; 1868, $280,952.07; in 1869, the law taxing\\nNational bank shares having been pronounced by the courts illegal, it fell\\nto $268,530.51. As the wealth of the State increases, the revenue from these\\nsources must constantly grow, unless the rates are diminished. And the\\nlast report of the Auditor-General shows that, within another year, it is\\nlikely the specific taxes alone will yield sufficient revenue to provide for the\\nState debt, so that the people may be entirely relieved of direct taxation on\\nthat account. With regard to the Banking institutions of the State, we\\nmay mention that the National Banks number forty-two, and have a capi-\\ntal of $5,535,000; State Banks two, with a capital of $200,000; and the\\nprivate Banking Houses and Savings Institutions also number forty-two\\nand there are in the State thirty Insurance Companies.\\nTHE INDIANS AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE STATE.\\nAs a matter of convenience, we submit in this place a few particulars\\nrespecting the Indians and the antiquities of Michigan. The total number\\nof the former, consisting of Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pottowatamies, is\\nabout twelve thousand, among whom are located a few schools, supported\\nby the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic denominations.\\nThe Government pays to these Indians annually, in cash annuities, about\\n$40,000, and in goods $3,000. It also pays for the support of schools, for\\nsmiths and smith-shop supplies, and for agricultural and mechanical pur-\\nposes, some $20,000, and f)r agency expenses, including salary of agent and\\nassistant, pay of interpreters, etc., nearly $8,000. Thus, the annual dis-\\nbursments for Indian purposes in the State amount to something over seventy\\nthousand dollars.\\nThe Chippewas of Lake Superior mostly reside in Houghton county,\\nnear the head of Keweenaw bay. The Ottawas and Chippewas are prin-\\ncij)ally in the counties of Oceana, I\\\\Iason, Grand Traverse, Emmet, Che-\\nboygan, Mackinaw, and Chij)pewa. Tlie Chippewas of Saginaw, Swan\\ncreek, and Black river, are mostly in the counties of Isabella and Bay.\\nThe Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pottowatamies arc in Cass and Van Buren\\ncounties, and the Pottowatamies of Huron are in Calhoun county.\\nThe early history of the State is replete with accounts of the labors of\\nthe old French missions. Many were the lives sacrificed and privations\\nencountered by these men to win the native tribes to the standard of the\\ncross. So long as the missionary was in their midst and superintended their\\nlabors, they yielded to his guidance and adopted his recommendations, so\\nfar, at least, as conduced to their comfort but when he withdrew, with\\nequal facility they glided into their former habits. The superstructure\\nraised with so mucli care fell to the ground the moment the sustaining hand\\nwas withdrawn. At present, with the exception of a few points in the\\nu])j)er peninsula, there are to be found few traces of the Catholic religion\\namong the Indians of the State.\\nAs a general thing, it is impossible to induce them to conform to the\\nusages of civilized life, and, except in the manufacture of a few baskets\\nand the supply of a few furs, we see no evidence of their industry.\\nThe effect of the contact of the two races has been to afford the Indian\\nadditional incentives to vice, while his intellectual and moral elevation has", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE INDIANS AND ANTIQUITIES OF TIJE STATE. 131\\nbeen little cadvanced and at this day, it cannot be said that he stands\\nhigher in the scale of civilization than \u00e2\u0096\u00a0when first known by the white man.\\nWith regard to the antiquities of the State of Michigan, it affords us\\npleasure to submit the following, which has been supplied to us by the\\nwriter\\nIn common with her sister States of the great West, Michigan can boast\\nof her antiquities, the undoubted remains of a great people, who claimed for\\ntheir land, long anterior to the so-called aborigines a peojile of whom\\nthe earliest known Indians have no traditions. Of a precisely similar char-\\nacter with the tumuli, forts, and mounds of the Ohio valley, are the\\nancient remains in Michigan, and in addition to these are the remains of\\nancient gardens traces of which are found in no other portion of the\\ncontinent so distinctly marked as those of southern Michigan. The ancient\\nmounds, the probable use of which has given rise to more controversy\\nthan any of the other antiquities of the country, are of quite frequent occur-\\nrence in Michigan, being found in all parts of the State, especially ujion or\\nnear the banks of the large rivers the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, Rai-\\nsin, and Huron. The so-called forts are but seldom met with, and are\\nuniformly of small dimensions, the principal ones being in the southeast,\\nalong the shores of the Detroit, Huron, and Raisin rivers, and occasionally\\nupon Lake Erie, between the Detroit and Maumee rivers. The gardens\\nare found principally in the rich prairies and oak-openings of southern\\nJMichigan, where their antiquity is clearly evinced by the fact that in the\\ncentre of the garden l)eds immense oa^k trees, evidently several hundred\\nyears old, are found growing. In the counties of St. Joseph, Cass, and Ber-\\nrien, there are many of these ancient gardens still in excellent jireservation,\\nand having undoubted traces of their original uses.\\nIn addition to tlie remains above alluded to, there are to be found in the\\ngreat iron and copper mining regions of the northern peninsula, the most\\nindisputable evidences that this region was once inhabited by a race supe-\\nrior in every respect to the American Indians of the present day a race\\nthat understood the mode of working and the value of metals. Tlie high\\nantiquity of the evidences of ancient mining discovered by the present eoj)-\\nper and iron miners of the Keweenaw, Ontonagon, and Marquette districts\\nis inferred not only from the fact that the existing race of Indians were in\\nperfect ignorance of the locality of the mines until pointed out by the whites,\\nbut that the ancient stone and metal tools discovered are entirely unlike\\nanything now in use by the Indians in any part of the country. Still an-\\nother evidence is had, as is the case wuth the gardens of southern Michigan,\\nin the fact that trees of the largest size, evidently at least five hundred years\\nold, are found growing upon the piles of rubbish that must have been thrown\\nfrom the mines by the ancient miners. In the winter of 1847, while pass-\\ning over a poi tion of the location now occupied by the Minnesota Mining\\nCompany, Mr. Samuel Knapp, the intelligent agent of the company, ob-\\nserved a continuous depression of the soil, whicli he rightly coujoc tured was\\ncaused by the disintegration of a vein. There was a bed of snow on tlie\\nground three feet in depth, but it had been so little disturbed by the wind\\nthat it conformed to the inequalities of the surface. Following up these in-\\ndications along the southern escarpment of the hill, where the company s\\nAvorks are now erected, he came to a longitudinal cavern, into which he\\ncrept. He saw numerous evidences to convince him that this was an artifi-\\ncial excavation, and at a subsequent day, with the assistance of two or tliree\\nmen, proceeded to explore it. In clearing out the rubbish they f mnd nu-\\nmerous stone hammers, showing clearly that they were the mining iraple-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "132 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmeuts of a past race. Tlic following spring he explored another excava-\\ntion in the neighborhood, which was twenty-six feet deep, filled with clay\\nand a mass of decayed vegetable matter. When he had penetrated to the\\ndepth of eighteen feet he came to a mass of native copper, ten feet long,\\nthree feet wide, and nearly two feet thick, weighing over six tons. On dig-\\nging around it the mass was found to rest on billets of oak, supported by\\nsleepers of the same wood. The ancient miners had evidently raised the\\nmass about five feet, and then abandoned it us too laborious. The vein was\\nwrought in the form of an open trench, and where the copper was most\\nabundant the excavation extended deepest. The rubbish taken from the\\nmine is thrown out in mounds, which can easily be distinguished from the\\nsurrounding ground, and upon which large trees are now growing. In va-\\nrious other localities of the northern peninsula the most convincing traces\\nare discovered, that go to prove that the mines Avere extensively worked by\\nan intelligent race at least far more intelligent than the present Indians.\\nThe workings appear to have been efiected by the use of stone hammers and\\nw^edges, specimens of which are to be found in the greatest abundance in the\\nvicinity of the mines. In some instances there are traces of fire, and pieces\\nof charcoal have been discovered, showing that fire was used as an agent to\\ndestroy the cohesion of the copper with the surrounding stone. Metallic\\nhammers and knives have been discovered in the mines, though the instances\\nare very rare, the copper being evidently carried to a distance, where it was\\nfashioned into the rings and ornaments frequently found in the tumuli of\\nthe Ohio. The immense labor required to sink these ancient mines fre-\\nquently through several feet of solid rock is another evidence that the\\npresent race of Indians, or any race of men possessing their characteristics,\\ncould not have perf:)rmed the work, fi)r ]io amount of personal benefit could\\ninduce tlie Indian to undergo such })hysical exertion. According to Pro-\\nfessor J. W. Foster, these ancient miners were none other than the ]\\\\Iound\\nBuilders, whose works arc known to be scattered throughout the entire\\nNorthwestern States, The specimens of their genius which we find in Mich-\\nigan are generally small, varying in height from six to ten feet, and in rare\\ninstances reaching a height of twenty feet. Some of the most remarkable\\nthat have been noticed are in Girard township. Branch county, and in Rai-\\nsin township, in the county of Lenawee. One of the latter was opened many\\nyears since and found to contain a mass of human bones. On the north side\\nof Grand river, ten miles from its mouth, there is an ancient mound about\\nten feet high, with an immense pine tree, nearly one hundred feet high,\\ngrowing from its apex, A mound in the vicinity was opened, and nothing\\nfound until the grcnind below was penetrated to the distance of about three\\nfeet below the original level, where were discovered a quantity of human\\nbones, several pieces of iron three or four inclies long, several arrow lieads,\\nsome pieces of brass, and the remnant of a l)razen vessel much nuitihited.\\nIn the southwest corner of the county of Calhoun, on the north side of the\\nSt. Joseph river, is a semicircular fort two hundred feet in diameter, and\\nanother in the southeast corner of the county, of the same dimensions, with\\nan embankment IVom one to three feet high. In the county of Wayne, in\\nSpringwells township, on the north bank of the Detroit river, is a fort of the\\ncircular or cllii)tical kind, with an embankment two or three feet in height,\\nand encom])assing perluxps one acre, situated on firm land and surrounded\\nby a swamp. On the east side, in approacliing tlie fi)rt, there are two par-\\nallel embankments of earth, within a few feet of each other, rising four or\\nfive feet, and crossing the swamp in a direct A me towards tlie fi)rt. Forts\\nof the square or the rectangular kind are sometimes found. There is said", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. 133\\nto be one two miles below the village of Marshall, one in the township of\\nPrairie Roude, several on the Kalamazoo, and in some other places. In\\nBruce township, in the county of Macomb, on the north fork of the Clinton,\\nare several. The latter consist mostly of an irregular embankment, with a\\nditch on the outside, and including from two to ten acres, with entrances,\\nwhich were evidently gateways, and a mound on the inside opposite each\\nentrance. In the vicinity there are a number of mounds. Several small\\nmounds have been f )und on a blutf of the Clinton river, eight miles from\\nLake St. Clair. In sinking the cellar of a building for a missionary, sixteen\\nbaskets full of human b(mes were found of a remarkable size. Near the\\nmouth of this river, on the east bank, are ancient works rejoresenting a for-\\ntress, with walls of earth thrown up similar to those in Ohio and Indiana.\\nIn this connecti(m, after mentioning the fact that the popular name of\\nMichigan is the Hoosier State, it may interest the reader to look at the\\nmeanings of the following Indian names associated with the State of Michi-\\ngan Kalamazoo, which means Loomitifj, or Wnragi river Numma-supee,\\nor Kiver Raisin, River of Sturgeons; Minosa-goink, or River Rouge. Sinye-\\niiig Skin River Waweawtonong, or Detroit, Place ivliere you go roiuid the kuh\\nin approaching Getchigomme, or Lake Superior, /Sea Water Etjuabaw,\\nEnd of deep ivater; Wassawassepee, River ichere fish are speared by torch-\\nlight Iosco, Water of Light Keewenaw, or The canoe is carried back; Mus-\\nkegon, or Marshy River; Moskego-sepee, or JNIoskegou, Marshy River;\\nPocagonk, The Rib River; Titebawassee, River that runs alongside; Ottawa,\\nor The Traders; Tuscola, or Warrior s Prairie Xuudee Norgon, or Onto-\\nnogon, ILuding River; Wrockumiteogoc, or Huron river, Clear Water;\\nOwosso, Person warming himself; Cheboygan, or A place of metals; Nagaikur-\\nSebee, or River Ec(n-ce, Bark River Sac-e-nong, or Saginaw, Sac Town\\nMichisawgyegan, or Lake Michigan, Great Lake; Manistee, or River with\\nIslands; Chippewas, or Ojibways, The Ruling People INIackinaw, Place of\\nGiant FaiHes, or Great Turtle; Washtenaw and AVashtenong, or Grand\\nRiver, Running over Shining Pebbles; Shiawassee, or Strait Running Pow-\\netink, or Grand liaimh. Falling Waters; Powating, the Saute Ste. Marie,\\nor Water Shalloxo on the Rocks; Yondotia, or Detroit, Great Town; and\\nCowthenake-Sepee, or Au Glaive river. Falling Tree River. According to\\nJ. H. Lanman, the Indian names which marked the prominent points of\\nMichigan exhibit the mode in which the savages defined the topography of\\nthe country, and were used as land marks to guide them in their migra-\\ntions. A general term, founded on a certain feature of natural scenery,\\nwas often used to designate a wide tract of territory.\\nRECENT DEVELOPMENTS.\\nUnder this heading we propose to speak of several distinct localities,\\nwhich have been, and are at the present time, attracting the special atten-\\ntion of the public, viz the Grand Traverse Regi(m, the Saginaw A alley, the\\nStraits of ^lackinaw, and the Cheboygan Region. With regard to the first,\\nProfessor Alexander Winchell has declared it to be the most remarkable\\nand desirable section of country in the Northwest, and as he is the only\\nman who has thoroughly explored it, the value of his opinion cannot be\\n(piestioned. In LSGU he publislied a report on its geological and inihistrial\\nres;)urces, and it is from that jjroduction tiiat we gather the following par-\\nticulars\\nGrand Traverse Bay is a bay of Lake Michigan, about thirtv-four miles\\nlong and of am[ le depth, and received its name from the French voyageurs.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "184 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThe region to which it has given its name is divided into five counties, viz:\\nAntrim, Leelanaw, Grand Traverse, Benzie, and Kalkasca, the first three\\nalone being contiguous to the Bay. The mean elevation of this country is\\ntwo and thirty feet above Lake Michigan, and it is intersected with a great\\nnumber of small and beautiful lakes and rivers of the purest water, and its\\nsurface is undulating and picturesque, and its low or swamp lands are not\\nworthy of mention. Patches of clayey soil are not uufrequent, but a well-\\nmixed sandy loam is the dominant soil on the hills, and their productive-\\nness is said to be unsurpassed. Generally speaking, the region is covered\\nby a magnificent growth of hard-wood timber, the sugar maple being the\\nmost abundant species, although the beech, the white elm, the oak, poplar,\\nbirch, the hemlock, the cedar, white pine, and arbor vitoi are found to a\\nconsiderable extent in certain localities. For the most part, these forests\\npresent an endless colonnade of majestic pillars, and, but for the prostrate\\nforms of the fallen patriarchs of the wood, a vehicle could be driven\\nthrough the unbroken fijrest from one end of the region to the other. All\\nthe quadrupeds and birds peculiar to the State are found in this particular\\nsection, and the common trout is abundant in its beautiful lakes and\\nstreams. Its geological formations are said to be unusually interesting to\\nscientific men, and consist of lignite, drift, shales, various limestones, and\\nsalt the last of which underlies the whole region. With regard to the\\nfarm products. Professor Winchell asserts that this region is capable of\\nproducing any crop wdiich flourishes in the Northwestern States and as far\\nsouth as the latitude of Cincinnati. Winter wheat is the staple crop, and\\nthe yield varies from twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre. Corn grows\\nwell, and, gcuenilly speaking, reaches perfection. Oats are very profitable,\\nyielding fifty bushels to the acre. Buckwheat also flourishes luxuriantly.\\nThe potatoes of the region cannot be excelled will grow without culti-\\nvation, and the yield is frequently three hundred bushels to the acre and\\ntimothy hay is always a successful crop. As a fruit-grov.-ing regi(;u it is\\ndoubtful whether any other part of the United States will compete with\\nthis the apple, peach, pear, plum, cherry, grape, and all the more common\\nberries attaining the greatest perfection. According to the latest estimates,\\nthe po2)ulation of the region is not fixr from ten thousand and, although\\nample access is had to it by propellers from all the lake ports, it cannot be\\nlong before it will be easily reached by means of all the usual land com-\\nmunications. Beyond all controversy, writes Professor Winchell, the\\nGrand Traverse Region ofl ers stronger attractions to capital and settlement\\nthan any other portion of the State, or of the entire Northwest. Even the\\nmighty forest, which has to be felled before the farmer can avail himself of\\nthe soil, is probably less of a detriment than an advantage. Besides in-\\nsuring him an inexhaustible supply of fuel, for the labor of cutting; be-\\nsides furnishing him with a merchantable commodity in the form of cord\\nwood, upon whicli he can realize for each day s work besides protecting\\nhim and his stock and crops from the severity of the wintry blast the\\nforest itself is a source of food to horses and cattle, both in sunnner and\\nwinter. And it is a cheering fact that the religious and educational\\naccommodations have kept pace with the development of the region.\\nProfessor Winchell, in his report, makes an allusion to the Sand-Dunes,\\nwhich form consj)icu()Us landmarks along the western coast of southern\\nMichigan, although not a prominent feature in the Grand Traverse Kegion.\\nThey consist of irregular heaps of sand wliich have been accumulated by\\nthe whids blowing in a ctrtain direction upon specific shores. While the\\ndunes of Cape C )d seldom measure, more than eighty feet, those of ^liehi-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. 135\\ngan sometimes measure more than u hundred feet. It is generally found,\\ntoo, that they assume a Ice and strike side, the gentle and long sl()i)e being\\nto the windward, and the steep aeclivity towards the sheltered portion. The\\nSleeping Bear and I ointe Aux Chenes, near the foot of Lake JNIichigan, are\\ncouspieuous examples of these duue-like formations, while at the head, at\\nNew Buffalo and iMichigan City, they are equally conspicuous. All these\\ndunes are f )uud to be moist to within a few feet of the surface, and hence\\nbecome clothed with vegetation, of which the peric tribe is the most observ-\\nable. If, down to the present time, tlu^ ingenuity of man has not been able\\nto make them useful, it is a source of thankfulness that they have not done,\\nand are not doing, any particular harm.\\nWith regard to the Saginaw Valley, we may begin by saying that its\\ninhabitants claim it to be the hirgest and most valuable tract of timbered\\ncountry in the world. The bay and river which bear the same name have\\nlong been distinguished for their natural attractions, and have an abundance\\nof water to satisfy all the denuinds of navigation. From the earliest time\\nthe surrounding region has been famous as a seat of the fur-trade, and its\\nearliest white inhabitants were two Indian traders, named Louis Campau\\nand John B. Cushway. It was first settled by agricultural emigrants about\\nthe year 1836, but did not make any advances in enterprise until 1850, when,\\nunder the leadership of Charles Little and his son Norman Little, an ex-\\ntensive lumber trade was commenced, and all the steps taken to secure the\\nnumifold advantages born of active business and high ideas of education.\\nIts leading town, originally named Bucna Vista, but now called East Sagi-\\nnaw, was incorporated as such in 1859, and is already known as a ship-\\nbuilding place of importance, giving profitable employment l)esides to\\nlarge nund)crs of men connected with the lumber-trade and various kinds\\nof wood and iron manufactures; and it is connected with Detroit by steam-\\nboat lines and a well conducted railway. The next town in importance is\\nSaginaw City, which is mainly dependent f \u00c2\u00bbr its prtjsperity upon the salt\\ninterest, which has its centre here. The packing and shipping of salt has\\nprogressed so rapidly that a large proportion of the Northwestern States look\\nto Michigan for their supply and by several of the highest authorities of the\\ncountry, the salt manufactured in the Saginaw Valley has been pronounced\\nof the most superior quality, forty gallons of brine yielding fifty -six pounds\\nof salt, which is a larger per centage than the yield of the Syracuse salt works.\\nThere is, perhaps, no region in the State where there is less actual waste\\nland than in Saginaw. Wherever it is cleared and proi)erly cultivated it\\n])roves to be of unsurpassed fertility. The proximity of the heavy tindiered\\nlands to a ready market for lumber, affords a rich reward for the toil and\\nlal)or of clearing. The immense oak and pine timber finds a ready sale,\\nwhile the less valuable varieties, when cut up for fuel, are needed by the\\nsalt manufacturers, who pay remunerating prices. The denuind for this\\npurpose alone is immense, and must increase until the country is stripped\\nof its f trests. These advantages arc not overlooked by those who are in\\nsearch of new homes in JMichigan, and the consequence is that there Ls an\\nactive demand for lands for farming purposes.\\nWe may add, in this connection, that the gypsum beds located on the\\nBay of Saginaw are being rapidly developed, and becoming of great value\\nto the State. In 1868 there were shipi^ed from that locality twenty thou-\\nsand tons of crude gypsum, and two thousand barrels of calcined gypsum,\\nwhile the yield of the CJrand Kai)ids l)ed amounted to 41,720 tons of the\\ncruile and 116,6;)0 pounds of calcined gypsum.\\nFrom Mr. Albert D. Bust, who resides in the Saginaw Valley, and is", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "136 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ndevoting his energies as an editor and citizen to the development of that\\nportion of the State, we have received the subjoined information\\nThis region is quite well adapted to agricultural purposes, but will ulti-\\nmately be more of a grazing country, than one for raising grain.\\nIt is a very remarkable circumstance that IMichigan did, a good many\\nyears ago, get the reputation of being sterile and unhealthy, and so general\\nwas the imj^ression that this reputation was given in the descriptive geog-\\nraphies but, so far from this being the fact, the case is, that for the last\\nfive or eight years Michigan has increased in population and celel)rity more\\nrapidly than ever before. Amongst the best wheat in the New York mar-\\nket may be found IMichigan wheat the best quality and greatest abundance\\nof fruits is from Michigan. No State is less subject to fatal diseases. To\\nbe sure, the fever and ague did prevail there in some parts several years ago\\nbut that disease is scarcely known there now, save in a few localities; as in\\nother new States, it has come and gone forever.\\nThe winter is not severe it is much less so than in other States in the\\nsame latitude east. Sleighing does not appear usually until January,\\nand lasts about three months. There is snow enough to make it pleasant\\nand good for business. The rivers break up the first of April. The mer-\\ncuiy seldom ever goes below ten degrees below zero, and frequently not as\\nlow as zero. We think that this part of the State is better adajited for\\ncomfortable homes than other Western States. Almost all kinds of busi-\\nness found in any country may be followed in Saginaw Valley.\\nWe come now to speak of the Straits of Mackinaw. This locality is cer-\\ntainly remarkable, and its early history has already been touched upon in\\nthe first part of the present volume. It is the centre of that great chain of\\nlakes and rivers, which Avell-nigh divides the continent. The three largest\\nlakes of the system, Superior, JMiehigan, and Huron, are spread around,\\npointing to this spot, while between them, three vast peninsulas of land press\\ndown upon the waters until they are compressed into a river only four miles\\nin width. On the north is the peninsula of Canada, on the south that of\\nMichigan, and on the west that of the Copper Region. Here they are\\ndivided only by the Straits of ]\\\\Iackinaw. Land and water, by au inevita-\\nble necessity, seem to centre here, the navigable waters covering an area of\\neighty thousand square miles, and surrounded by a continuous coast of five\\nthousand miles. The climate has been f()und to be as favorable as that of\\nmost civilized States, either f jr the production of food or the pursuits of\\ncommerce; and as to the productive wealth of the vast country which they\\ndrain it has been fully demonstrated by a number of scientific writers to be\\nunsurpassed in any other quarter of the world. With these facts before us,\\nwe can begin to comprehend the remarkable enterprise of Edgar Conkling\\nin attempting to found a commercial emporium on the Straits of Mackinaw,\\nwhich, if carried out, Avill perpetuate his name, as a man of mind and com-\\nmercial courage, fin- ages to come. At this point, according to, that able\\nand sound reasoner, Edward D. ]\\\\lans(ield, as well as at the ujiper end of\\nLake Superior, there must be large cities to supply the demands of com-\\nmerce. It is not a matter of speculation, but a necessity of nature. The\\nsame necessity has already created Bufialo, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, and\\nSt. Louis. Tlie demand for such towns on the shores of Lakes Huron and\\nSupcri(jr, and o. i)ecially at the Straits of Mackinaw, whose Bay and Lake\\n^licliigan How together, are obviously fiir greater than those which have\\nalready caused the growth of BulJalo and Ciiicago. They have grown to\\nsupply the commerce of conqniratively limited di^ tl\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i(\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ts. One means of test-\\ning this is to apply radial lines to the site of any city existent or proposed,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "RECENT DEVELOPiMENTS. 137\\nSO as to include what naturally belongs to them, and thus compare them\\nwith one another. The radial lines of New York and Philadelphia extend\\nacross the ocean to Europe on one hand, and across the mountains to the\\nValley of the Mississippi on the other. In looking to this fact we are no\\nlonger surprised that New York has its million of inhabitants, and Phila-\\ndcl|)hia its six hundred thousand.\\nIf we look to the radial lines of Chicago we find that they are limited on\\nthe south by the competition of St. I-iouis and on the north by Milwaukee.\\nYet Chicago, at the southern end of Lake Michigan, has risen to be a large\\ncity by a sudden aud extraordinary growth, arising from the rich though\\nHunted country about it. Apply these radial lines to Mackinaw and we\\nfind that they naturally include all of Michigan, a large part of Wisconsin,\\nand a large part of Canada West; but in reference to water navigation no\\ninterior site in America is equal to that of ]\\\\Iackinaw. Here concentrate\\nthe navigation of eighty thousand square miles of water surface, which has\\nno common centre but that of the Straits of Mackinaw. Two facts nuist be\\nobserved that a conmiercial ])oint which concentrates the trade of Lakes\\nSuperior and Michigan must lie within the circuit of their coasts; but there\\nis no such jMHut but Mackinaw. The other is that the point of conmierce\\nwhich oticrs the shortest distance, and therefore the cheapest to the great\\nmarkets of the xitlantic will be preferred. Mackinaw is five hundred miles\\nnearer to Buffalo than is Fond du Lac, and three hundred miles nearer than\\nChicago. So it is the same distance nearer to the Gulf of St. Lawrence or\\nthe city of New York. It is on the south side only, through the peninsula\\nof Michigan, and toward the States of Indiana and Ohio, that the position\\nof Mackinaw seems deficient in connuuuications. But we no sooner see this\\nthan we see also two groat lines of railroad progressing from the South\\nthrough the peninsula toward Mackinaw. The oue })asses on the west side\\nfrom Fovt Wayne (Indiana) through Grand Rapids and Traverse Bay;\\nthe other through Lansing and And)oy, both terminating on the north at\\n]\\\\Iackinaw, and both, by connection with Indiana aud Ohio roads, at Cin-\\ncinnati on the south thence they will soon be carried to the orange-grow-\\ning shores of Florida. Thus nuiy some future traveller be borne in a few\\nhours from the soft air of the southern Atlantic to the keen breezes of the\\nNorth and bathe his languid lind)s in the clear cold waters of IMichigan.\\nThese, together with numy others of like character, are the considerations\\nwhich induced Mr. Conkling (formerly a citizen of Cincinnati) to undertake\\nhis gigantic enterprise. It was in 1853 that he purchased a large tract of\\nland, consisting of the extreme northern point of the southern peninsula of\\n^lichigan, where he has laid out a town aud sea})ort which he named ]\\\\[ack-\\ninaw City; and although the financial troubles of l-S. and the sul)s( (juent\\nwar for the Union did nmch to retard his various i)lans, he is now devoting\\nhis best energies ami amj)le means, under the most efficient and liberal\\n])olicy that it is possible to devise, for the varied interests, moral and mate-\\nrial, of all who may settle there. The city has three safe and commodious\\nharbors, and everything is being done to make it a profitable and agreeable\\nphice of residence; aud a leading idea of the i)roprietor is to establish at\\ntliis point an educational institution cijual to the wants of the country. On\\nthis point he has comnuuiicated to us the following:\\nIn view of the increasing population of this country, and their needed\\nincreased intelligence to rightly develop it, and to i)romote their intellectual\\naud moral hapi)iness, the proprietor takes great pleasure in carrying out a\\nlong-cherished purpose of recognizing his obligation to forego the usual\\nuerely selfish accumulatiou and a[)pro[)riation of personal gains, and to\\n1", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "138 OIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nparticipate in the future glory of this the grandest country and Government\\nof the world, by pledging the principal avails of this large and valuable\\nproperty of near 5,000 acres to provide for the building up and endowment\\nof a su])erior University, with common school branches, for the free edu-\\ncation of the present and future generations of this locality, Avho must take\\npart in ruling the destinies of the world.\\nHe has determined that the free educational facilities of Mackinaw City\\nshall not be excelled by any other city of this country, and shall be\\nworthy of the State and a commercial centre so highly endowed by nature,\\nsecond only to Detroit within Michigan, and equalled but by few lake cities.\\nThus the proprietor, in voluntarily becoming a mere trustee for the citi-\\nzens of Mackinaw City, presents the most powerful incentive to invite an\\nintelligent, enterprising, and wealthy population not only to enjoy all the\\nsuperior natural advantages of the city and its surroundings, but also to\\nenjoy the educational fund arising from the purchase of their homes and the\\nvalue of the property resulting from their own enterjarise and capital in\\nbuilding up an important city.\\nAnother of the later developments which have taken place within the\\nlimits of the State is that of the Cheboygan region, and f)r the only satis-\\nfactory account of it that can be had, we are indebted to Professor N. H,\\nWinchell, of Ann Arbor. A report that he published of this region in\\n18G9 is so full of interest that we subjoin a large proportion of it, as fol-\\nlows\\nThe Indian word (Chab-wa-e-gun) of which Cheboygan is a corruption,\\nsignifies place of ore, but it is not known why the Indians so named tliis\\nregion, the river or the lake. No ore to justify the name has yet been dis-\\ncovered.\\nThe Cheboygan and its tributaries comprise the most northern river\\nsystem of the lower peninsula, its outlet into Lake Huron being within\\nnine miles of the latitude of the Straits of Mackinac. Several of the trib-\\nutaries rise as far south as the mouth of Thunder liay river, in the heighth\\nof land of Otsego county, where also rise the Saul)le and the Manistee, two\\nof the largest rivers of Michigan, while from east to west this system spans\\nthe whole peninsula, its most western source being within a quarter of a\\nmile of the head of Little Traverse Bay. There is not a more beautiful\\ncluster of connected inland lakes to be found in the State, or in any other\\nState, than those which find outlet through the Clieyboygan. Mullett\\nLake, within ten miles of Lake Huron, covers about thirty square miles, or\\n19,200 acres; Burt s Lake, extending twelve miles further w cst, covers\\nabout the same area Crooked Lake, eight niiles still farther west, about\\nten square miles, or G,400 acres Douglass Lake, with the small lakes\\nadjoining, about twelve square miles, or 7,680 acres, and Cheboygan Lake,\\nabout twenty-five square miles, or 16,000 acres. The water of these lakes\\nis clear and pure, and contains an abundance of excellent fish. The\\nfamous speckled trout finds its favorite haunts in tliese waters, and for\\nsi)ortiiig fishermen there is no more attractive region in the United States,\\nThe district occupied by these lakes, stretching from the head of Little\\nTraverse Bay eastward across the State, is dry, elevated, and covered with\\nhard wood timber; and hence the shores of tlie lakes arc rarely low or\\niiiarsliy. The streams which connect them generally flow with a smooth\\nand steady current. There are rai)ids, however, in Cheboygan river, about\\na mile above its mouth, W here water-power mills for lumbering and for\\nflouring |)urposes luive been erected. A substantial canal and lock at this\\nplace, constnictetl by pcrmissitju of the State Legislature, to aid in the pas-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. 139\\nsage of these rapids, and the dam above, somewhat impede the navigation\\nof the river, as they are regulated by the local convenience of the mana-\\ngers. Yet their capacity is sufficient to permit the i)assage of tugs and\\nscows of any size caj)able of navigating the river. In Black river, below\\nCheboygan lake, occurs a series of rapids, which extend for three miles,\\nhaving an aggregate descent of between fifty and sixty feet. This water\\n()i)wer has not yet been improved. The country adjacent is somewhat\\nsettled by farmei s, but it is generally an unbroken wilderness. Black\\nriver, above Cheboygan lake, also contains rai)ids in which there is a per-\\nl)endicular fall, in some places of four or five feet. These occur from six to\\nten miles abt)ve the lake. At this place the bed of the river consists of\\nlimestone rock in situ, but at the rapids below Cheboygan lake, few rocks\\nare visible, except metamorphic boulders.\\nThe soil and timber of the Cheboygan region are such as promise to make\\nit, when cleared, one of great agricultural resources. The soil varies within\\nshort intervals, so that a single farm may possess such a diversity of soils as\\nto adapt it to the culture of a large variety of products. The i)revailing\\nleatui e of the soil of the region is a silico-calcareous sand yet there are\\nplaces, especially along the branches of the river below Mullett and Che-\\nl ny-an Lakes, and extending to the site of the village of Cheboygan, where\\nthe clayey element is most prominent. The soil in some places is a copper-\\ncoh)red clayey loam in others it is a black vegetable loam, resembling the\\nprairie soil of Illinois. AVhere the sandy constituent and the clay or loanv\\nbecome mixed, as they frequently do, a very superior soil for agricultural\\npurposes results. Much of the country is rolling, especially where the clayey\\nsoil predominates, while the sandy tracts are generally level. There is occa-\\nsionally also a patch of marly soil, which when plowed crumbles in the\\natmosphere. Soil of this kind occurs on the east and north shores of Mul-\\nlet Lake. Calcareous marl is often found also in the bed of the lakes,\\nsDmetimes in the form of pebbly reefs or islands. The carbonate of lime is\\ndeposited from the \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\vater on little fresh water shells, (iY\u00c2\u00abnor6i,s,) and as they\\n;;re rolled by the ripples they increase in size till they become as large as\\nwalnuts. Sometimes they become crushed and form a calcareous sand, or\\neventually a calcareous marl, which is useful not only as a fertilizer of the\\nsoil, and for making lime, but is sometimes mixed directly with sand to form\\nan inferior mortar, or with water to form a whitewash.\\nThe most common trees, off the river margins and the low lands, are beech,\\nmaple, pine, and hemlock, with occasional oaks and elms. The white ])ine\\noccurs principally along the streams, where it is mixed with otiier timber,\\nmost frequently with hemlock or Norway pine. The Norway pine alone\\noften forms extensive orchard-like tracts on the sandy plains. Another\\ncommon but Avorthlcss species of pine, known among the lumber-men as\\n])itch i)ine or spruce pine, is a scattered, straggling tree, never exceed-\\ning ten inches in diameter, properly called Bank s pine, (Pt\u00c2\u00abH,\u00c2\u00ab Banksiana.)\\nThe beech and maple, as well as the elm, sometimes grow to stately dimen-\\nsions, while the oaks are generally snuill. Of course, the country furnishes\\nother less noticeable species of timber, as iron-wood, poplar, balm of Gilead,\\nwhite birch, ash, and bass, while the ever-present cedar, larch, and spruce,\\nof the northern latitudes, fill up the low lands. There is no butternut, hick-\\nory, or black-walnut no whitewood or chestnut.\\nThe settlement of such a region, of course, is not entirely dependent on or\\ncontrolled by the lumber interest. Although initial impulse nuiy have been\\n(XxxQ to this interest, yet the settlement of the Cheboygan region has outgrown\\nit, and has develo^ied other and more i ermaneut elements of prosperity.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "140 CIVIL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPermanency in a new settlement must be based upon some lasting and\\nimportant resource. In the Cheboygan region, strangely enough, that re-\\nsource is, or will soon become, chiefly agricultural. The country is rapidly\\nfilling up with farmers.\\nThe farmers raise oats, potatoes, corn, wheat, in short, almost anything\\nthat can be raised in southern Michigan, though not always with the same\\ncertainty. Having but recently settled on their farms, their efforts are\\nmainly expended in the improvement of them, and in the production of a\\nwinter s subsistence for themselves and their stock. Some of the farmers\\ntold the writer that they had raised wheat, even forty bushels to the acre,\\nand that it was always a sure crop. One old settler of sixteen years ago,\\nMr. E. A. Dodge, on Mullet Lake, raises, together with the products of\\nthe farm, garden vegetables for the Cheboygan market. In his garden\\nwere strawberries, lettuce, cucumbers, cabbage, onions, etc., and in an\\nadjoining field he had young apple and cherry trees, and several choice\\nvarieties of grapes.\\nAnother farmer said he raised from three-fourths of a bushel of winter\\nwheat a crop of forty bushels and from ten bushels of spring wheat he re-\\nceived two hundred and sixty-three bushels. The cultivation of wheat has\\nnot been carried on heretofore, owing to the lack of a flouring-mill and it\\nwas not until the past season that such a mill was supplied.\\nCheboygan village contains about 800 inhabitants stands on a clayey\\nsoil has several stores, two churches, and three hotels. Above the village,\\nfields of wheat, grass, potatoes, oats and peas line the river banks, the land\\non both sides being well cleared. In the channel of the river are twelve\\nfeet of water, but the entrance to the river is choked by a bar of clay and\\nb(juldcrs. This obstruction for a number of years impeded the growth of\\nthe place, by shutting off communication with jjassing steamers. The\\nofficers of the lake survey have made preliminary examination and esti-\\nmates for the dredging of a channel through this bar.\\nShould this imj)rovement be carried out, nothing can prevent the Che-\\nboygan region from becoming one of the most wealthy and important por-\\ntions of the Lake Huron shore.\\nNote for page 87.\\nAfter the brief allusion to the Masonic order, it was intended, as a matter of historical\\ncourtesy, to mention the Order of Odd-Fellows in connection with Michigan, and we do\\nit in this place. The date of introduction in the Slate was the year 1844 the first and\\nsecond lodges having been instituted at Detroit; the third at Pontiac; the fourth at\\nJackson and the fifth at Marshall. The various patriarchal branches were also estab-\\nlished in the same year. The Order has progressed rapidly in the State, many of its\\nbest citizens taking an interest in its success; so that at the present time the total\\nnumber of lodges is 107 the number of members, 7,2()7 amount of receipts during the\\nlast year, \u00c2\u00a741,749; and the amount expended for brothers and widows, $7,221.\\nNote for page 107.\\nIt is too soon as yet to give the result of the census for 1 870, but for purposes of refer-\\nence the following facts are submitted respecting the nativities of the population of\\nMichigan in 1800: Michigan, 2[)4,828 New York, 101,128; German States, 38,787 Brit-\\nish America, 36,482; Ohio, 34,000: Ireland, 30,049; England, 25,743; Pennsylvania,\\n17,4(J0; Vermont, 13,779; Massachusetts, 9,873; Connecticut, 7,039; New Jersey, 7,531\\nHolland, 6,335; Scotland, 5,705; Indiana, 4,482; New Hampshire, 3,482; France,\\n2,440; Maine, 2,214; Virginia, 2,17G; Illinois, 2,167; Wisconsin, 1,908; Switzerland,\\n1,209; Rhode Island, 1,122; and Kentucky, 1,054; the difference between the above\\nfigures and the total population of 749.113 having been bora in a great variety of States\\nand countries. It is supposed that the census of 1870 will exhibit the same ratio, but\\na total population nearly twice as large.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "SECOND FART.\\nHISTOHY OF\\nMICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION,\\nBY\\nGeneral JOHN ROBERTSON.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF\\nMICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nMILITARY DEPARTMENT OF MICHIGAN\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1861 to 1871.\\nAustiu Blair,\\nHenry II. Crapo,\\nH. P. Baldwin,\\nJohn Robertson,\\nJ. H. Fountain,\\nWni. Hammond,\\nOrriu N, Giddings\\nFriend Palmer,\\nJames E. Pittman\\nJames E. Pittman\\nRussell A. Alger,\\nDeWitt C. Gage,\\nL. S. Trowbridge,\\nHebcr Lc Favour\\nDeGarmo Jones,\\nFred. Morley,\\nFriend Palmer,\\nEb. O. Grosvenor,\\nWm. Hammond,\\nJohn F. Miller,\\nJerome Croul,\\nJames A. Dwight\\nDavid H. Jerome\\nH. A. Newland,\\nCh. J. Dickerson,\\nJas. W. Romevn,\\nWilliam Phelps,\\nMilo E. Giffbrd,\\nAlfred B. Wood,\\nG. S. Wormer,\\nWm. K. Gibson,\\nEugene Pringle,\\nIsaac Delano,\\nThomas J. Cobb,\\nJackson,\\nFlint,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\n]\\\\Ian Chester\\nTckonsha,\\nKalamazoo,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nE. Saginaw,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nJonesville,\\nTekonsha,\\nAnn Arbor,\\nDetroit,\\nYpsilanti,\\nSaginaw,\\nDetroit,\\nHillsdale,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nPlainwell,\\nE. Saginaw,\\nDetroit,\\nJackson,\\nJackson,\\nFlint,\\nFlint.\\nGov.C m-in-Cf Jan.\\njJan.\\nJan.\\nAdj. General, Mar.\\nQ. M. General,! A pri\\nMar.\\nPaymaster,\\nInsp. General,\\n1,\\n1,\\n1,\\n15,\\n1,\\n25,\\nMar. 21,\\n^lar. 2(),\\nMay 21,\\nNov. 1,\\nMar. 21,\\nMar. 10,\\n1S61 Dec. 81,\\n1865; Dec. 31,\\n1809 In office.\\n1861 In office.\\n1861 1 Mar. 25,\\n18631 Mar. 20,\\n1865 j Mar. 25,\\n1867! In office.\\n1861 i Nov. 1,\\n1862 Mar. 21.\\nJudge Adv\\nApril 17\\nAss. Adj.Gen.A})ril 1\\nJune 15\\n1867\\n1865\\n1869\\n1864\\n1868\\n1863\\n1865\\n1867\\n1862\\n1867\\nA. Q. M. Gen\\nAid-de-Camp,\\nMav 6,\\nMil. Secretarj\\nMay 17,\\nMay 15,\\nMay 15,\\nMay 15,\\nMay 15,\\nOct.\\nMar.\\nMar.\\nMar.\\nMay\\nMay\\nApril 17,\\nApril 17,\\nAj)rill7,\\nMay 15,\\nSept. 13,\\nMar. 10,\\nSept. 16,\\n11,\\n26,\\n10,\\n25,\\n10,\\nIn office.\\nApril 17,\\nIn office.\\n1861 June 14,\\n1861 Mav 5,\\n1862! 31 ar,\\n1861; Mar.\\n1861 1 Mar.\\n1861 Mar.\\n1861 1 Mar.\\n1861 j Mar. 10,\\n1863; Mar. 10,\\n1865 1 Mav 10,\\n1865 April 17,\\n1865 In office.\\n1865 April 17,\\n1867 April 17,\\n1869 In office.\\n1869 In office.\\n1869, In office.\\n1861 Sept. 13,\\n1862 Mar. 10,\\n1865 Sept. 16,\\n1865 Dec. 31,\\n1861\\n1862\\n1865\\n1867\\n1865\\n1863\\n1865\\n1865\\n1865\\n1867\\n1869\\n1869\\n1869\\n1862\\n1865\\n1865\\n1868", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "144\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nFROM\\nF. G. Eussell,\\nA. S. Williams,\\nA. W. Williams,\\nH. M. Whittlesey,\\nC W. Lcffingwell,\\nJohn Robertson,\\nJ. H. Fountain,\\nWm. M. Fenton,\\nE. II. Thomson,\\nEb. O. Grosvenor,\\nJohn F. Miller,\\nJames E. Pittman,\\nWm. Hammond,\\nJerome Croul,\\nN. B. Eldridge,\\nOmar D. Conger,\\nA. T. Grossman,\\nJames A. Dwight,\\nDavid H. Jerome,\\nHenry L. Hall,\\nS. M.X utcheon,\\nJ. H. Edwards,\\nDavid Wallace,\\nGeo. G. Wilcox,\\nEdw. ]M. tSimons,\\nFrank G. Baker,\\nPhillip M. Crapo,\\nDavid S. Snow,\\nWm. K. Noble,\\nWm. J. Handy,\\nWilliam Hart,\\nDarwin W. Pratt,\\nFrank S. Clark,\\nJ. T. Hammrmd,\\nJ. A. Fairfield,\\nFrank G. Baker,\\nT. F. Giddings,\\nThomas Kiley,\\nDetroit,\\nDeti-oit,\\nLansing,\\nDetroit,\\nGr. Rapids,\\nDetroit,\\nManchester\\nFlint,\\nFlint,\\nJonesville,\\nAnn Arbor,\\nDetroit,\\niTekonsha\\nDetroit,\\nLajieer,\\nPort Huron,\\nFlint,\\nYpsilanti,\\nSaginaw,\\nHillsdale,\\nYpsilanti,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nFlint,\\nFlint,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nAdrian,\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nTekonsha\\nDetroit,\\nDetroit,\\nKalamazoo,\\nDetroit,\\nSte.Mil.Board\\nApril 17,\\nMar. 11,\\nMar. 11,\\nMar. 11,\\nMar. 11,\\nMar. 15,\\nApril 1,\\nJune 17,\\nAug. 13,\\nSept. 19,\\nSept. 19,\\n19,\\n31,\\n31,\\n31,\\n6,\\n0,\\n23,\\nCl kA.G.offic\\nSept\\nI Jan.\\nJan.\\n{Jan.\\nI Dec.\\nDec.\\nMay\\nMar. 11\\nMar. 5\\nJan. 19\\nDec.\\nApril,\\nJune,\\nJune,\\nJuly,\\nFeb y,\\nMarch,\\nAugust,\\nJan y,\\nJune,\\nSept.\\nJan.\\nMar.\\nI Feb y,\\nI May,\\nISept.,\\nState Armorer j April,\\nI\\nClk Q.M.Dept\\n18G9 In office.\\n1859 Sei)t. 19,\\n1859;Ai)ril25,\\n1859, Sept. 19,\\n1859 Sept. 19,\\n1861! Jan. 1\\n1861 Jan.\\n1861 Aug\\n1861 Dec.\\n1861 Mar\\n1861 Jan.\\n1861 1 Dec.\\n1862 Mar. 25,\\n1862 In office.\\n1862 Dec. 6,\\n1862 Jan. 19,\\n1862 In office.\\n1864:]\\\\rar. 11,\\n1865 In office.\\n18671 In office.\\n1869 In office.\\n1862 Dec.\\n1863 Aug.\\n1863 In office.\\n1863 May,\\n1864 Sept.,\\n1865! Dec,\\n1865 ]\\\\Iarch,\\n1865 June,\\n1866 April,\\n1861 .Alarch,\\n1863 Nov.,\\n1864 April,\\n1864 .May,\\n1864 April,\\n18(;4 July,\\nl865^Nov.,\\n1862: In office.\\n1861\\n1861\\n1861\\n1861\\n1862\\n1862\\n1861\\n1862\\n1865\\n1862\\n1862\\n1863\\n1862\\n1869\\n1865\\n1864\\n1865\\n1866\\n1865\\n1867\\n1867\\n1867\\n1869\\n1864\\n1863\\n1867\\n1865\\n1864\\nLS()4\\n1865\\nPREFATORY NOTES.\\nMichigan, by her love for the Old Flag, by her loyalty and patriotism,\\nby her great and bloody sacrifice, and by the unbounded zeal and liberality\\nof her people in the cause of the Union, esjx cially by the bravery, efficiency,\\nand great prowess of her troops in the field, has acquired an exalted position\\namong her sister States, and is justly the recipient of much credit for her\\npart in suppressing the rebellion.\\nThe propriety and duty of having an authentic hi-storical record of the\\npart borne in that sanguinary struggle liy her soldiers and people, and which\\nhas made her fame so national in tliis respect, will be universally admitted.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "PREFATORY NOTES. ]45\\nThe groat necessity f.)r a published work embracing as mucli ns p^nsible\\nof the subject had impressed tlie mind of the compiler so long and so forci-\\nbly, and the matter failing to receive the attention of others, induced, and\\nit may be said, compelled him, from a sense of duty to the State and her\\ntroops in the late war, to attempt its production.\\nIn undertaking it, he is fully aware that much more responsibility has\\nl)een assumed than is successfully or satisfactorily met, and he is very sen-\\nsible of the fact that the subject ought to have fallen in more capable\\nhands.\\nFor the defects, errors, or omissions, which unavoidably occur in a work\\nof this description, the compiler trusts that he will be excused or pardoned,\\nin consideration of an honest and anxious desire, and a most earnest en-\\ndeavor to effect the purpose he had in view.\\nIn its arrangement, it has been deemed best, for several reasons, to refrain\\nfrom the introduction of biographical matter, and from referring to any of\\nthe causes to which the war is chargeable, as neither could have been in-\\ncluded without extending the work beyond the i)roposed linnt, or reducing\\nnnich the narrative of special services of regiments, which was not desirable.\\nThe compilation has, in the main, been made from the records of the\\nState military departments, the written reports of commanding officers of\\nregiments, and other official papers, consequently the work is presumed to\\nbe substantially accurate and reliable, and is as full as circumstances would\\njiermit.\\nIt is necessarily a condensed and very brief narrative of the operations\\nof Michigan in the war of the rebellion, and giving only v^ery limited sketches\\nof a few of the engagements of her brave regiments in the field, merely\\nglancing at some of the more prominent encounters with the enemy in their\\nlong and varied service. To include more at this time has been deemed\\nimpracticable yet, as these special selections are truthfully characteristic\\nof their entire conflicts in the war, conclusions may easily be arrived at as\\nto what they were in generaL\\nThey arc sketches of the part taken by the regiments in encounters with\\nthe enemy, in which they were specially or heavily engaged, or conspicu-\\nously distinguished, illustrating in a degree their fighting qualities and gen-\\neral efficiency. In their selection, commandants of regiments have uni-\\nformly been consulted, and the data from which the sketches are drawn\\nwere mostly supplied by them, to whom, and thejMichigan officers generally,\\nthe compiler is under many obligations for reports and other documents\\ncovering particular operations of their respective regiments, which have aided\\nmuch in their preparation.\\nNo attempt is made to claim for Michigan, or for her troops, any particular\\nor special merit, or more than an equal credit with all other States and their\\ntroops for the part taken by them in the war for the Union. For it must\\nbe conceded that in all the times that shall come claims cannot be success-\\nfully sustained by any particidar State for any special portion of the honor\\nof preserving the Union, All that any can reasonably undertake and\\na(!complish in this respect will be to truthfully represent as far as possible\\ntheir own action, and the services rendered by their troops, there leaving\\nthe matter.\\nIf any particular battle could be selected and designated as the action in\\nwhich the backbone of the rebellion was broken and finally suj)prcssed, then,\\non a comparison of the services of the troops of the various States in that\\nengagement, a verdict might possibly be rendered but no such selection\\ncan be made nor any such conclusion arrived at. For all time it must be\\nJ", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "14G HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ndecided that the Rebellion was not destroyed in any single battle, hut by tlie\\ncontinued hammering of the entire Union armies during the four long years\\nof fearful and bloody war; and the accursed and hideous monster was\\nbeaten, bafilcd, starved, worn to a helpless skeleton, and then, while in the\\nact of begging for bread and quarter, was toppled over into its .selected rest-\\ning place, to die an unwilling and humiliating death.\\nBut it is claimed, in all candor, that no State evinced more loyalty to the\\nUnion, or more determination to jnaintain its life and honor, than did Mich-\\nigan that no troops in all the Union armies gave better or more conclusive\\nevidence of true courage, efficiency, and patriotism, or exhibited a more\\nsupreme love for the great cause in which they were engaged, or rendered\\nmore valuable or gallant service than did hers.\\nINTRODUCTORY.\\nThe outbreak of the American Rebellion in ISGl, and the formidable\\nonset of the rebels in arms, which, unfortunately, found all deimrtments of\\nthe National Government unpi-epared for its fearful emo)-gencies, came\\nunanticipated and unprovided for upon all the States whose authorities\\nwere not participants in or privy to the conspiracy.\\nThe people to whom war was then only a name, and not a dreadful fact,\\nand who had for years been garnering the rich harvests of peace, amid\\ngreat commercial prosperity and social tranquility, refused to credit the\\npredicticms and threatenings of a coming eclipse on the peace of the nation,\\nuntil its terrible shadow had fallen upon them.\\nThe disruption of the Union had been threatened so often and so cause-\\nlessly, that busy men regarded it only as a common rallying cry of unscru-\\npulous politicians, and rarely or never admitted, even in thought, that it\\nmight suddenly become a fearful reality. It was only when the guns of\\nrel)el batteries were fired at Fort Sumter, and shot and shell riddled the\\nnational Hag, that the self-deception of the patriots of the land ceased\\nthat the dreadi ul responsibilities of the crisis were acknowledged and\\naccepted and that the people determined upon the action that was instantly\\nneeded.\\nThe manner in which existing deficiencies were supplied, the necessities\\nof the times met, th.e C(mstantly augmenting burdens of the struggle borne,\\nand the whole jjroblem solved so triumphantly at last, furnishes some of\\nthe imperishable jjagcs of history.\\nMichigan, in common v\u00c2\u00bbith her sister States of the North, never actually\\nnor impliedly conceded the possibility of a civil war until the first blow\\nwas struck and the light of treason burst from Sumter s walls. Her people,\\nthoroughly loyal in all the fires of their being, did not expect it in others;\\nand in politics, as in law, they proposed to hold all innocent until guilt was\\nindisputably proven. Thus there was no preliminary arming for the ter-\\nrible conflict, no antecedent training, no ]iusl)anding of resources, no abate-\\nment of encumbrances, no occu])ancy of advantageous position, and the\\nenemy vigorously assailed the walls while the unthinking garrison were yet\\nengaged in the avocations of peace, and the rusty weapons were yet stacked\\nin their quiet places of years past.\\nThe census of ^lichigan for 18()0 .showed a population of 751,110. The\\nnumber of able-bodied men capable of military service was estimated in\\nofficial documents of that date at 110,000. The State debt at the close of\\nthat year was \u00c2\u00a72,228,842.70, besides 8100,000 in canal bonds, which the\\nState had guaranteed, and the actual value of the taxable pnjperty of the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTORY. H7\\nState was estimated at 8275,000,000. The financial embarragsments of our\\nCommonwealth were, however, neither few nor unimportant, and an annual\\ntax of $226,250 was deemed a grievous burden.\\nThe militia department of the State was in a very feeble condition,\\ncaused by lack of the necessary pecuniary aid to encourage its numerical\\nstrength and efficiency. Yet feeble as it was, it formed a nucleus from\\nwhich were rfillied the first regiments sent to the field in defense of the\\nI nion, and from it germed much of the esprit de corps and superior military\\nappearance, coupled with the general etficiency, which characterized the\\nearlier Michigan troops, and, indeed, which pervaded all the Michigan\\nregiments throughout the war.\\nFor what was valuable in the militia at that time the State was more\\nindebted to Colonel F. W. Curtenius, of Kalamazoo, who had been Adju-\\ntant-General for Severn 1 years, and up to 18G1, than to any provisions of\\nher laws.\\nThe companies then organized, and v.hich constituted the entire available\\ninilitia force, were twenty-eight in number, and their aggregate strength\\nwas 1,241 officers and men. For the support of this military establishment\\nthe State annually spent the enormous sum of three thousand d(jllars,\\nappropriated for that purpose by the Legislature.\\nNotwithstanding these physical disadvantages, the morale of the people\\nwas true as steel. On retiring from the Gubernatorial chair, at the close\\nof his term in 1860, the lamented ]\\\\Ioses Wisner addressed a cogent and\\neloquent valedictory message to the new Legislature.\\nAfter presenting, in careful- summaries, all the essential facts in reference\\nto the manifold and important material interests of the State, he then pro-\\nceeded to a discussion of the grave situation of national politics, over which\\nan unprecedented sombre hue had been cast, by the recent passage in\\nvarious Southern States of ordinances of secession. In the language used at\\nthat critical moment by our Executive there was no shadow of faltering,\\nno tinge of disaffection, no uncertain sound. It breathed devotion to the\\nUnion in every sentence, and for the maintenance thereof at all hazards\\nevery paragraph was a stirring argument. We quote these inspiring utter-\\nances which then fell upon the ear of patriots, amid doubt, disloyalty, and\\ndanger, like tidings of better days and harbingers of future glory This\\nis no time for timid and vaccillating councils, when the cry of treason and\\nrebellion is ringing in our ears. The Constitution as our fathers made it\\nis good enough for us, and must be enforced upon every foot of American\\nsoil. INIichigan cannot recognize the right of a State to secede from this\\nUnion. AVe believe that the founders of our Government designed it to be\\nperpetual, and we cannot consent to have oiie star obliterated from our flag.\\nFor upwards of thirty years this question of the right of a State to secede\\nhas l)een agitated. It is time it was settled. We ought not to leave it for\\nour children to look after. I would calmly but firmly declare it to be\\nthe fixed determination of JMichigan that the Federal Constitution, the\\nrights of the States, must and shall be preserved. These glowing words,\\nthis noble advice, were enforced by the personal and patriotic services of\\ntheir author and giver, and fidelity to the national interests, and the great\\nlove of country which prompted them, added the honored name of Moses\\nWisner to the long lists of martyrs to the cause of the LTnion offered by our\\nState.\\nSimultaneously with the valedictory of Governor Wisner, the Legislature\\nof 1801 listened to the inaugural of his successor, Austin Blair. The man-\\ntle (^f Elijah had fallen upon a fitting Elisha and a profound and pliilo-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nsophical discussion of the true nature of our complex system of goverumcnt,\\nand of the real signification of the existing and impending issues, was closed\\nwith these emphatic and telling utterances We arc satisfied with the Con-\\nstitution of our country, and will obey the laws enacted under it, and we\\nmust demand that the people of all the other States do the same safety lies\\nin this path alone. The Union must be preserved, and the laws must be\\nenforced in all parts of it at whatever cost. The President is bound to this\\nby, his oath, and no power can discharge him from it. Secession is revolu-\\ntion, and revolution in the overt act is treason, and must l)e treated as such.\\nThe Federal Government has the power to defend itself, and I do not doubt\\nthat that power will be exercised to the utmost. It is a question of war\\nthat the seceding States have to look in the face. They who think that this\\npowerful Govei-nment can be disrupted peacefully have read history to no\\npurpose. The sons of the men who carried arms in the seven years Avar\\nwith the most powerful nation in the world, to establish this Government,\\nAvill not hesitate to make equal sacrifices to maintain it. Most deeply must\\nwe deplore the unnatural contest. On the heads of the traitors who pro-\\nvoke it must rest the responsibility. In such a contest the God of battles\\nhas no attribute that can take sides with the revolutionists of the slave\\nStates.\\nI recommend you at an early day to make manifest to the gentlemen\\nwho represent this State in the two Houses of Congress, and to the country,\\nthat Michigan is loyal to the Union, the Constitution, and the laws, and\\nwill defend them to the uttermost and to proffer to the President of the\\nUnited States the whole military power of the State for that purpose. Oh!\\nfor the firm, steady hand of a Washington, or a Jackson, to guide the ship\\nof Slate in this perilous storm. Let us hope that we shall find him on the\\n4th of March. Meantime, let us abide in the faith of our fathers Liberty\\nand Union, one and inseparable, now and forever.\\nMarslialled by such leaders, and also inspired by its own invincible amor\\npatrce, the Legislature was neither timid nor slow in unfurling its colors to\\nthe breeze, and in joint resolutions offered on February 2d, 18G1, it declared\\nits adherence to the Government of the United States, pledged to and ten-\\ndered it all its military power and material resources, and declared that\\nconcession or compromise was not to be entertained or ofiTered to traitors.\\nStill nothing definite was done no actual defensive or aggressive military\\nsteps Avere taken until rebel foolhardiness precipitated the struggle that\\nhad become inevitable by converging upon Fort Sumter the fire of the\\nencircling batteries of Charleston Harboi-.\\nOn April 12, 18G1, the ncAVs was received at Detroit that the rebels at\\nCharleston had actually inaugurated civil Avar by firing upon Fort Sumter.\\nThis intelligence created much excitement, and in view of the uncertainty\\nof coming events, the people, much alarmed, commenced looking around to\\nestimate hoAV united they would be in the cause of the Union. On the fol-\\nlowing day a meeting of tlie Detroit bar, pixisided over by the venerable\\nJudge Ross Wilkins, Avas held, and resolutions Avere adojited i)ledging that\\ncomnuuiity to stand by the Government to tlie last, and repudiating the\\ntreason of the Soutli. By the foHowing Monday, (April loth,) Avlien the\\nsurrender of tlie Soutli Carolina fortress was kiioAvn liirougliout tlie land,\\nand the call of the President for 7 ),000 olunteers had been received, the\\nentire State was alive to the emergencies and duties of the hour, and the\\nuprising of the people was universal. Public meetings Avere held in all the\\ncities and in most of the toAvns even in the Christian churches i^ledges\\nof assistance to the nation in its hour of peril made, and volunteering briskly", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "INTRODUCTORY. 149\\ncommenced. In all portions of the State the watchfires of patriotism were\\nkindled, blazing with an inspiring brightness, and the cheering illumination\\nspread all over the land, as this lyric will testify\\nTrumpet, and ensign, and drum-beat are calling,\\nFrom hillside nnd valley, from mountain and river,\\nForward the flag! e en though heroes are falling,\\nOur God will His own chosen standard deliver.\\nUnion and Freedom our war-cry is rolling,\\nI Now o er the prairie, now wide o er the billow.\\nHark tis the battle, and soon will be tolling\\nThe knell of the soldier, who rests neath the willow.\\nBanner triumphant though grand is thj- stor}-,\\nWe ll stamp on thy folds in this struggle to-day.\\nDeeds of our armies, transcending in glory,\\nThe bravest yet chanted in poesy s lay.\\nWise were our fathers, and brave in the battle.\\nBut treason uprises their Union to sever.\\nRouse for the fight! shout loud mid war s rattle,\\nThe Union must triumph, must triumph forever!\\nTrumpet, and ensign, and drum-beat are calling.\\nFrom hillside and valley, from mountain and river,\\nForward the flag! e en though heroes are falling.\\nOur God will His own chosen standard deliver.*\\nFortunate in her Executive and Legislative departments, and equally so\\nin the management of her interests at the National Capital, having men of\\ninfluence connected with several Departments who loved the reputation of\\ntheir State, and ever ready and anxious to advance her catise, especially so\\nin her representatives in both houses of Congress, INIichigau fearlessly\\nlaunched her bark on the turbulent sea of rebellion and war.\\nOn Tuesday, April Kith, Governor Blair arrived in Detroit, and in the\\nafternoon met a large number of leading citizens and capitalists of that\\ncity at the Michigan Exchange. The State had been called upon to imme-\\ndiately furnish to the General Government one infantry regiment, fully\\narmed, clothed, and equipped.\\nIt was estimated that $100,000 would be immediately required to defray\\nthe necessary expense of organizing the regiment, but the treasury was\\nempty, and State finances so situated, that this ])ressing call could not be\\nimmediately met. Upon the laying of these facts before the meeting ])y the\\nHon. John Owen, State Treasurer, a resolution was passed pledging Detroit\\nto loan the State 850,000, anfl calling ujion the people throughout the State\\nto make a like advance. A subscription paper was also circulated upon\\nthe spot, and the sum of $23,000 i)]edged I)y those present.\\nCommitees were also appointed to solicit further subscriptions in the\\ncity, and to aid the Governor in his undertaking. This liberal and prompt\\naction at this opportune moment furnished the sinews of war for the time\\nbeing. With these pledges of the peoi)le in hand, and his own good credit,\\nMr. Owen succeeded in raising a sum sufficient to enable the Executive to\\ncommence the clothing and equipment of troops, which sum, and all others\\nobtained in like manner f )r this purpose, were assumed by the State on the\\nassembling of the Legislature. During the same day a proclamation was\\nissued by the Governor, calling for ten companies of volunteers, and ordering\\nFlag song of Michigan troops in 1861. By D. Betbune DuflBeld.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "150 IIISTORV OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe Adjutaiit-Geueral to accept the first ten companies that should ofier,\\nand making it the duty of tliat officer to issue all the necessary orders and\\ninstructions in detail. The movement thus inaugurated did not slacken in\\nimpetus nor lessen in ardor. The State responded to the call of its autlio-\\nrities most promptly. The patriotism of the people Avas in a blaze. War\\nmeetings Avere held in every town, and the tenders of troops from all points\\nin the State far exceeded the requisitions yet made by the General Govern-\\nment. Tlie necessary loan Avas readily taken, mostly by our own people,\\nand all the duties of the hour were promptly met and discharged.\\nOn April 23d the Governor issued his proclamation convening the Legis-\\nlature in extra session at Lansing, on the 7th of May. On the following\\nday, April 24th, the order was issued from the Adjutant-General s office for\\norganizing the 1st regiment of infantry and appointing its field officers; its\\nrendezvous was fixed at Fort Wayne, and the immediate assembling there\\nof its various companies ordered. Authority had also been given for .the\\nraising of the Coldwater Battery, afterwards knoAvn as Loomis s. The\\nl)attery was rapidly recruited, and the horses therefor Avere purchased Avith\\nfunds loaned to the State by the citizens of Coldwater. It Avas at once\\nordered to Fort Wayne, Avhere its equipment Avas completed. The 2d regi-\\nment Avas also hurriedly recruited, and its companies concentrated at Can-\\ntonment Blair, Detroit. On May 2d the companies of the 1st regiment\\nAvere mustered into the service of the United States. jMeanAvhile tAvo other\\nregiments, the 3d and 4th, had been formed, and Avere accepted by the\\nvState conditionally, it being apprehended that they Avould not be needed. The\\n3d Avent into camp at Grand Rapids, and the 4th at Adrian.\\nThe Legislature met, pursuant to call, on the 7th, and the Governor\\naddressed to them a stirring message, in Avhich he detailed thoAA ork already\\naccomplislicd, and asked the Legislature to legalize Avhat had already been\\ndone, and invest the State authorities Avith sufficient power for the future.\\nWithin a session of four days Uiaa s Avere passed, clothing the Governor\\nAvith poAver to raise ten regiments and a war loan of one million dollars.\\nFully aAvare of the valuable and patriotic services to be required of the\\nsoldiers of the State, and of the great sacrifices Avhich must be made by\\ntheir families in their absence, and, at the same time, anticipating that some\\nmight be left unj^rovided for, or might be brought to Avant by the contin-\\ngencies or casualties of Avar, the Legislature Avisely enacted the Soldiers\\nllelief Law for the relief of their families by counties, alloAving more or\\nless, according to their circumstances, but not exceeding fifteen dollars per\\nmonth. Tins alloAvance, in case of the detith of the soldier, to continue for\\none year after such death.\\nOn I\\\\Iay loth the first regiment left for the seat of Avar fully armed and\\nequipped.\\nUnder the new legislation the organizing of regiments AA as rapidly pushed\\nand the various requisitions upon the State for men promptly and expe-\\nditiously met.\\nThe troops Avere ordered to be clothed, equipped and subsisted under the\\ndirection of the Quartermaster-General of the State on contracts made by\\nthe IMilitary Contract Board, organized May 15th by legislatiA C authority.\\nTiiis Txiard was composed of Coh)nels E. O. Grosvenor of Jonesville, Jerome\\nCroul of Detroit and William Hammond of ^larshall. Their duties were\\naccomplished with much individual ability, great energy, coupled Avith an\\nexemplary economy, and relieving the Quarternuister-General from much\\nresponsibility and labor.\\nThe State Military Board Avas then composed of General A. S. Williams", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 151\\nand Colonel II. I^J. Vvliittelscy of Detroit, CrJ. A. W. Williams of Lansing,\\nand Col. C. W. LcfBugwcll of Grand liapids, together with the Adjutant-\\nGeneral and (iuarterraaster-General of the State, members ex officio.\\nIn June following Col. Wm. M. Fenton was apjiointed a member of the\\n]3 iard in plaee of Col. Williams, who had gone to the field with the 2nd\\nInfantry. Col. Fenton having entered the serviee, C;;l. E. H. Thomsr.u\\nsueceeded him, and on the 13th of August was elected President of the\\nBoard.\\nJ. H. Fountain of ^Manchester had been appointed Quartermaster-General\\nin i^iarch, and was a faithful and energetic officer, lie was ably aided in\\nhis arduous duties by Friend Palmer of Detroit who was appointed his assist-\\nant in iMay following. This officer, now Quartermaster-General, having\\nserved several years in the U. S. Quartermaster s Department, rendered\\ninvaluable services to the State during the entire war, and to him the State\\nis gi catly indebted for the efficient and economical direction given to the\\nadministration of that Department.\\nGeneral Fountain w;js succeeded as Quartermaster-General by General\\nWilliam Hammond of Marshall r.arch 25th, 1803, who served until March\\n21st, 1805, when ho was relieved by Gen. O. N. CJiddings of Kalamazoo.\\nBoth these officers served with marked ability and faitliiulncss.\\nGeneral Palmer, the present Quartermaster-General, followed General\\nGiddings.\\nColonel James E. Pittman of Detroit was a])i)ointed State Paymaster on\\nthe 21st of May, 1801, for the pui-posc of paying such JMichigan troops as\\nreceived pay from the State, a duty wliich he most faithfully executed. He\\nalso served as a member of the State .^iilitary Board, from September 19th,\\n1861, until Novendjer 1st, 1802, when he was commissioned as Inspector-\\nGeneral of the State.\\nAVhen the war commenced General John Robertson held the appointment\\nof Adjutant-General, and still acts in that capacity.\\nOn Ai)ril 1st, 1801, Captain llebor Le Favour was appointed Assistant\\nAdjutant-General, and served until June 15th follow-ing, Avhen he volun-\\nteered f ;r field service, being relieved l)y Captain De Ciarmo J ;ncs, who\\nresigned .^lay 0th, 1802. Both of these officers served with marked effici-\\nency. Colonel Frederick ^lorley immediately succeeded Captain Jones,\\nand sers ed with eminent ability and distincti m until tiie close of the war,\\nrendering arduous and valuable services as Assistant Adjutant-General of\\nthe State.\\nNote. The following telegram was sont over the wires, in the form given below, and\\nilelivered to the Adjutant-General of iMichigan with great secrecy. It is inserted for\\nthe purpose of showing the agitation and distr ist manifested among the Western\\neopleiu the early days of the war. The IllJDois Central Railroad Company, at whose\\ninstance the dispatch was made, feared a raid oa their line, and were preparing to\\nmeet it:\\nChicago, April 1861.\\nOthers and, Chicago Mayor, Governor our by signed Blair Governor to directed mes-\\nsage have, secret profound a this keep to and, want immediate in are we. us to them\\nbring will Central Alichigan, Adjutant-General tell, once at, them have they if, Michi-\\ngan from arms of stand thousand five or one wants Governor our. Guns no but, ready\\nare troops. Borders own our on invasion suppress to troojjs send to orders have State\\nRAISING OF TROOPS.\\nThe President s first call u])on ^Michigan for troops to aid in suppressing\\nthe rebellion was, as previi\u00c2\u00bbusly stated, f )r one regiment only, and was most", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "152 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\npromptly met by the muster into service of the 1st infantry, under Colonel 0.\\nB. Wilcox, and its early movement to the seat of war in Virginia. This\\nregiment was soon followed by the 2d infantry, in command of Colonel Israel\\nB. Richardson, while at the same time many com])anies were recruited\\nthroughout the State without authority in the hope of obtaining places in\\nsome regiment being disappointed in this respect they sought and found\\nservice in regiments of other States. In the meantime the organization of\\nthe 3d and 4th regiments had been commenced on the responsibility of the\\ngovernor and while they were in process of recruitment a letter was re-\\nceived from the Secretary of War limiting the force required from Michigan\\nto four regiments only including the three months regiment, covering only\\nauthority for those already in the field and those being organized in the\\nState. The letter referred to is inserted for the purpose of showing the esti-\\nmate made at that time of the niaguitudc of the rebellion then fully inau-\\ngurated\\nWar Department, Washington, Maij 11, 1861.\\nGovernor Austin Blair, Laming, Mlddgan:\\nDear Sir I have the honor to forvrard you, enclosed herewith, the plan\\nof the organization of the volunteers for three years, or during the war.\\nThree regiments are assigned to your State, making, in addition to the one\\nregiment of three months militia already called for, four regiments. It is\\niniportant to reduce rather than enlarge this number, and in no event to\\nexceed it. Let me earnestly reconnnend t;) you, therefore, to call for no\\nmore than four regiments, of which only three are to serve for three yeare,\\nor during the war; and if more arc already called for, to reduce the num-\\nber by discharge.\\nSIMON CA:\\\\IEE0N, Secretary of War.\\nThis policy was extremely at variance with the views entertained by the\\nState executive regarding the necessities of the country at that time, and\\ndeeming an immediate preparation t meet coming emergencies his duty,\\nassumed the responsibility of establishing a camp of instruction at Fort\\nWayne, near Detroit, for tlie officers of the 5th infantry, Col. II. D. Terry\\nGth infantry. Col. F. W. Curtenius and the 7th infantry. Col. Ira Iv. Gros-\\nvenor. On the 21st of May companies v/ere assigned t.) those regiment^\\nand tliclr officers and non-commissioned ofacers were ordered to assemble at\\nFort AVaync on the 19th of June. The camp was organized and com-\\nmanded by General A. S. Williams, assisted by Colonel J. E. Fittman, Major\\nW. D. Wilkins, and Captain Henry I. Whlttelsey. A course of instruc-\\ntion followed with much success until August 1st, when the camp was broken\\nup, and the force sent to various localUlesto recruit their men and organize\\ntlie regiments. This was accomplished with astoni.^iing promptness, the Gth\\nbeing mustered in August 20th, the 7tli August 22(1, and the bl\\\\\\\\ August\\n28th, and all had left for the field pri(n to the 12th of September.\\nThe camp of instruction attracted much attention in other States, and\\nreceived the favorable comments of public journals. It has always been\\ncousidered in IMicliigan as a most judicious and eminently successful cfi )rt\\nits value l)ccoming more and more apparent as tlie war progressed, not only\\nin the efficiency of these particular regiments, but in many others, having\\nthe benefit of officers wlio had received the instruction of the camp.\\nSoon after the breaking up of the camp General Williams was appointed\\na l)rigadler general of vohniteers and left for the field in Virginia, v.!;Ii\\nMajor Wilkins and Captain Whlttelsey on his brigade .staff.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "RAISLNG OF TROOPS. 153\\nAbout the time the camp was established the pressure for appointments\\nas commissioned officers had reached its maximum, and men were Ijcing\\nforced upin the consideration of the governor by influential citizens of both\\npolitical parties to a most unbearable degree, and often witb an utter disre-\\ngard of fitness, or qualification for the position. This pressure continued\\nduring the entire earlier portion of the war; and it might -well be presumed\\nthat under such circumstances some im})roper appointments were likely to\\nbe made. Yet much care was uniformly exercised in the selection and pro-\\nmotion of officers, and always with qualification for the office and loyalty\\nto the Government as the tests, more than personal friendship or political\\nstatus.\\nThe law of Congress of August 3d had authorized the President to receive\\ninto service 500,000 volunteers the proportion of Michigan was understood\\nat the time to be 111,500, but in the adjustment of credits 21,337 was charged\\nagainst the State.\\nIn addititm to this force were Captain Duesler s company (Cj 1st U. 8.\\nsharpshooters, (Berdan s,) raised at large, equipped and armed by the State,\\nnuistt red at Detroit on the 21st of August, with an aggregate strength of a\\nhundred of the best picked riflemen in the State, and Captain A. B. Stuart s\\ncompany (B) 2d U. S. sharpshooters, raised at Lansing and mustered at\\nDetroit on the 4th of October, with an aggregate of seventy-eight on its\\nmuster-rolls.\\nAlso, two companies of cavalry for the iMorrill Horse, a INIissouri regi-\\nment. These companies were recruited -at Battle Creek, H by Captain\\n.1. H. Rogers, and I by Captain J. B. Mason, and both left the State on\\nthe 3d of September.\\nThe Jackson Guard, a Detroit company, composed of Irishmen, raised\\nby Captain John McDermott, failing to get a position in the early INIichigau\\nregiments, offered their services to Colonel James JNIulligan, then recruiting\\na regiment in Illinois. They were accepted, and the company joined his\\ncommand in June, and were with him in his gallant defence of Springfield,\\nMissouri.\\nSeveral other IMichigan companies, not obtaining places in ^lichigan regi-\\nments, getting impatient at the delay in finding an opportunity to serve their\\ncountry, accepted service in regiments of other States. It would have af-\\nlorded nuich pleasure to have been able to notice them more fully at this\\ntime, but sufficient data cannot be obtained for that purpose. These com-\\npanies, so far as ascertained, were E, F, and H, 42d, and B and\\nII, 44th regiments Illinois infantry, company C, 70th New York in-\\nfantry, (Sickles Brigade,) i rom Paw Paw, mustered on the 21st of June in\\ncommand of Captain W. If. Hugo; company K, 1st New York cavalry,\\nraised at Cirand Rapids and nuistered on the 12th of August under com-\\nmand of Captain Anson N. Norton. The regiment was raised and organ-\\nized by Col. A. T. McReynols, and was commanded by him in the field.\\nComj)any D, 66th Illinois infantry, commonly designated as the West-\\nern Sharpshooters, mustered November 9th in command of Captain John\\nPiper, of Battle Creek.\\nUnder this call. Colonel T. F. Brodhead, of Detroit, received authority\\nto raise the 1st regiment of cavalry, and a like authority was given to the\\nHon. F. W. Kellogg, of Grand Rapids, member of Congress from this State,\\nto organize the 2d and 3d cavalry, while Colonel T. B. W. Stockton, of\\nFlint, obtained authority to recruit and organize the Stockton regiment,\\nal terwards designated as the 16th infantry.\\nIn response to this requisition, the State continued recruiting, sending\\nJ*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "154 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DUIilNG THE REBELLION.\\nregiment after regiment to tlie field, and down to December, 1861, had sent\\nthe foUowing organizations to the front\\nThe 1st ri giment infantry, 3 months, from Detroit, May 15, 780 strong\\nColonel O. B. Wikox commanding.\\nThe 1st regiment, from Ann Arbor, September 16, 751 strong Colonel\\nJohn C. Robinson commanding.\\nThe 2d regiment infantry, from Detroit, June 5, 1020 strong Colonel J.\\n13. Kichardsou commanding.\\nThe 3d regiment infantry, from Grand Rapids, June 13, 1042 strong\\nColonel D. McConnell commanding.\\nThe 4th regiment infantry, from Adrian, June 25, 1024 strong Colonel\\nD. A. Woodbury commanding.\\nThe 5th regiment infantry, from Detroit, September 11, 900 strong Col.\\nH. D. Terry commanding.\\nThe 6th regiment infantry, from Kalamazoo, August 30,. 1020 strong\\nCol. F. W. Curtenius commanding.\\nThe 7th regiment infantry, fr(jm Monroe, September 5, 1020 strong Col.\\nIra R. Grosvenor commanding.\\nThe 8th regiment infantry, from Detroit, September 27, 900 strong Col.\\nW. M. Fenton commanding.\\nThe 9th regiment infantry, from Detroit, October 25, 943 strong Col.\\nW. W. Duffieid commanding.\\nThe 16th regiment infantry, from Detroit, September 16, 960 strong\\nCol. T. B. W. Stockton commanding.\\nThe 11th regiment infantry, from White Pigeon, December 9, 1000\\nstrong Col. W. J. May commanding.\\nThe 1st regiment mechanics and engineers, from IMarshal, December 11,\\n1000 strong Col. W. P. Inues commanding.\\nThe 1st regiment cavalry, from Detroit, September 29, 1150 strong Col.\\nT. F. Brodhead connnanding.\\nThe 2d regiment cavalry, from Grand Rapids, ]Srovcmber 14, 1170 strong\\nLieut. Col. W. C. Davis commanding.\\nThe 3d regiment cavalry, from Grand Rapids, November 28, 1180 strong\\nLieut. Col. R. H. G. Minty commanding.\\nThe 1st battery, from Detroit, June 1, 123 strong Captain CO. Loomis\\ncommanding.\\nThe 2d battery, from Grand Rapids, December 17, 110 strong Captain\\nW. S. Bliss commanding.\\nThe 3d battery, from Grand Rapids, December 17, 80 strong Captain\\nA. W. Dees commanding.\\nThe 4th battery, from White Pigeon, December 9, 126 strong Captain\\nA. F. Bidwell commanding.\\nThe 5th battery, from ]\\\\Iarshal, December 17, 76 strong Captain J. II.\\nDennis commanding.\\nTen of these regiments were clothed and subsisted by the State under the\\ndirection of the (Quartermaster-General.\\nOn the 2d of January, 1862, Governor Blair delivered his message to the\\nLegislature, tlien in extra session. The following extract therefrom was\\naccepted at the time as .the expression of the people of the State on the war\\nquestion\\nI cannot close this brief addre.^ S without an allusion to the great object\\nthat occupies all men s minds. The Southern rel)ellion still maintains a\\nbold front against the Union armies. That is the cause of all our compli-\\ncations abi oa*! and our troubles at home. To deal wisely with it is to find", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 155\\na short and easy deliverance from them all. The people of Michigan are\\nno idle spectators of this groat contest. They have furnished all the troops\\nrequired of them, and are preparing to pay the taxes and to submit to the\\nmost onerous burdens without a murmur. They are ready to increase their\\nsacrifices, if need be, to require impossibilities of no man, but to be ])atient\\nand wait. But to see the vast armies of the llepublic, and all its pecuniary\\nresources, used to protect and sustain the accursed system which has been\\na perpetual and tyrannical disturber, and which now makes sanguinary\\nwar upon the Union and the Constitution, is precisely what they will never\\nsubmit to tamely. The loyal States liaving furnished adequate means,\\nbi)th of men and money, to crush the rebellion, have a right to ex})ect th(jse\\nmen to be used with the utmost vigor to accomplish the object, and that\\nwithout any mawkish sympatiiy for the interest of traitors in arms. Upon\\nthose who caused the war, and now maintain it, its chief burdens ought to\\nfall. No property of a rebel ought to be free from confiscation not even\\nthe sacred slave. The object of war is to destroy the power of the enemy,\\nand whatever measures are calculated to jfccomplish that object, and are in\\naccortlance with the usages of civilized nations, ought to be employed. To\\nundertake to put down a powerful rebellion, and, at the same time, to save\\nand pn)tect all the chief sources of the power of that rebellion, seems to\\ncommon minds but a short remove from simple folly. He who is not for\\nthe Union, unconditionally, in this mortal struggle, is against it. The\\nhighest dictates of jjatriotism, justice, and humanity combine to demand\\nthat the war should be conducted to a speedy close upon principles of the\\nmost heroic energy and retributive power. The time i or gentle dalliance\\nhas long since passed away. We meet an enemy, vindictive, bloodthirsty,\\nand cruel, profoundly in earnest, inspired with an energy and self-sacrifice\\nwhich would honor a good cause, respecting neither laws, constitutions, nor\\nhistoric memories, fanatically devoted only to his one wicked purpose to de-\\nstroy the Government and establish his slaveholding oligarchy in its stead.\\nTo treat this enemy gently is to excite his derision. To protect his slave\\n.*operty is to help him to butcher our people and burn our houses. No.\\nHe nuist be met with an activity and a purpose equal to his own. Hurl\\nthe Unitm forces, which outnumber him two to one, upon his whole line\\nlike a thunderbolt pay them out of his property, feed them from his gra-\\nnaries, mount them upon his horses, and carry them in his wagons, if he\\nhas any, and let him feel the full force of the storm of war v.hich he has\\nraised. I would apologize neither to Kentucky nor anybody else for these\\nmeasures, but quickly range all neutrals ejther on the one side or the other.\\nJust a little of the courage and ability which carried Napoleon over the\\nAlps, dragging his cannon through the snow, would quickly settle this con-\\ntest, and settle it right. If our soldiers must die, do not let it be of the\\ninactivity and diseases of camps, but let them at least have the satisfaction\\nof falling like soldiers, amid the roar of battle, and hearing the shouts of\\nvictory then will they welcome it as the tired laborer welcomes sleep. Let\\nus liope that we have not much longer to wait.\\nFollowing this [jatriotic and bold stand assumed by the Governor in his\\nmessage, the Legislature, equally appreciating the great emergencies of the\\ncountry, with firnmess and pluck worthy of the people whom they repre-\\nsented, passed the following well-timed and highly appropriate joint resolu-\\ntion in reference to the rebellion\\nWhereas the Government of the United States is engaged in putting down\\na causeless and wicked rcl)ellion against its authority and sovereignty, inau-\\ngiu-ated by ambitious men to obtain political power a government, the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "156 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nsafety and perpetuity of Avhicli must ever rest upon the loyalty of its citizens\\nand an adherence to the Constitution\\nAnd Avhereas the Avelfare of mankind, the usefulness and power of the\\nnation, are involved in the events and issues of the present conflict tliere-\\nfore, be it\\nBciolved, (the House concurring,) That Michigan, loyal to herself and\\nto the Federal Government, reaffirms her undying hostility to traitors, her\\nabiding love for freedom, and her confidence in the wisdom and patriotism\\nof the national administration.\\nResolved, (the House concurring,) That the people of Michigan deem it\\nthe imperative duty of the Government to speedily put down all insurrec-\\ntion against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of every constitutional\\nmeans, and by the employment of every energy it possesses that ]\\\\Iichigan\\nstands firm in her determination to sustain, by men and treasure, the Con-\\nstitution and the Union, and claims that the burthen of loyal men should\\nbe lightened, as far as possible, by confiscating to the largest extent the\\nproperty of all insurrectionists and that as between the institution of slavery\\nand the maintenance of the Federal Government, INIichigan does not hesi-\\ntate to say, that in such exigency, slavery should be swept from the land,\\nand our country maintained.\\nResolved, That the Governor be requested to forward a copy of the fore-\\ngoing preamble and resolutions to each of our Senators and Representatives\\nin Congress.\\nApproved January 18, 1862.\\nAt the commencement of the year 1862 recruiting was being vigorously\\nprosecuted under most favorable circumstances, brought about in part by a\\nbrisk competition, often leading to various schemes for inducing recruits to\\nchange regiments, both before and after muster, neither legitimate nor honest,\\nbut still considered by some as having the ring of a certain kind of smart-\\nness and although there was nuich complaint and many protests nuide\\nagainst this mode of operating, leading to the publication of prohibitory\\norders on the subject, it was found impossible to prevent the practice.\\nAt the various recruiting depots in the State there were being hastily or-\\nganized and rapidly equipped five regiments of infantry and three Initteries\\nof artillery. Their completion was most industriously ])ushcd by the officers\\ncharged with their recruitment, and they left for the field as follows\\nloth infantry, from Kalamazoo, February 12th, 925 strong. Col. M. Shoe-\\nmaker coninuinding.\\n12th infantry, from Niles, March 18th, 1,000 strong, Col. Francis Quinn\\ncommanding.\\n15th infantry, from INIonroe, March 27th, 869 strong, Col. J. jM. Oliver\\ncommanding.\\n14th infantry, from Ypsilanti, April 17th, 925 strong. Col. K. P. Sinclair\\ncommanding.\\n10th infantry, from Flint, April 22d, 997 strong. Col. C. ]\\\\I. Lum com-\\nmanding.\\n7th l)attery, from Kalamazoo, February 12th, 145 strong, Capt. C. H.\\nLamphcre conmianding.\\n6th battery, from Coldwater, March 3d, 158 strong, Capt. J. S. Andrews\\ncommanding.\\n8th battery, from Monroe, March 13th, 156 strong, Capt. Saml. De Gol-\\nyer commanding.\\nA hincer regiment, composed of a fine body of men, jirincipally from\\nCanada, had been raised by Col. Arthur Kankin, of Windsor, an Englisli Ca-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "RAISIiVG OF TROOPS. 157\\niiadian. It had been mustered into service with the maximum number and\\nC([uii)i)od, with the exception of horses. It woukl have Icl t the State with\\nthose named, but was disbanded by an order of tlie War Department, con-\\ntrary to the repeated protests of the Governor, and without giving any rea-\\nson for such a procedure, h)sing to the service of the Union a remarlvably\\nline appearing regiment.\\nTwo more companies for the 1st U. S. sharpshooters also left the State for\\ntlie tiehl I in command of Capt. A. ]\\\\Iilan Willett and K under the\\ncommand of Spencer J. IMather, the former company mustered on tlie 4th\\nand the Latter on the 20th of March.\\nThere was also a company of sharpshooters raised in Detroit by Capt.\\nKin S. Dygcrt f)r the Kith JMichigan, which was mustered on the 3d of\\nFebruary and joined the regiment in the iield v.ithout delay.\\nIn the month of April Capt. G. S. AVormer, of Detroit, was authorized to\\nraise and equip a company of infantry to serve as a guard over Generals\\nBurrows and Harding and Judge Hill, all influential citizens of Nashville,\\nTennessee, then rebel prisoners on the island of Mackinac, and who had\\nbeen arrested by Andrew Johnson for treason. This company was desig-\\nnated the Stanton Guard. It was mustered into the service May 10th and\\nimmediately took transjjort fn- Mackinac, where it served until the ioth\\nSeptember following, when it was disbanded, the necessity for the service\\nhaving passed away by the release of the prisoners.\\nThe reports made in July by the several regiments, batteries, and inde-\\npendent companies gave an addition of 2,028 recruits to their original strength\\nsince their organization, showing a total of 24,281 officers and men enrolled\\nfrom the commencement of the Avar to July 1st, and an estimated number\\nof l,4.j. enlistments in regiments of other States, giving 2-^7;]4 as the grand\\ntotal. Add to this the lancer regiment disbanded, and a battalion of cavalry\\nraised at Coldwater by jNIajor Hughes, designated the Chandler Horse\\nGuard, which was musterecl out of service under an order of the War De-\\npartment for irregularities in organization, and we have an aggregate of\\nnearly twenty-seven thousand men enrolled and mustered into service pre-\\nvious to the first of July. Furnishing over six thousand more than had\\nbeen called for by the requisition of the Government, exhibiting a degree\\nof patriotism and promptness unsurpassed by any other State, and men too\\nwhose loyalty, patriotism, and courage had been tried and proved on almost\\nevery battle-field.\\nDuring McClellan s disastrous peninsula campaign in iMay and June the\\nMichigan regiments had become much depleted by the usual casualties of\\nservice and by wounds, disease, and death, whilst recruiting had entirely\\nfailed in the State. The 17th infantry was then organizing, and it was found\\nalmost impossible to obtain men for its completion, and recruits for regi-\\nments in the field could not be enlisted under any circumstances.\\nThe following letter was post-marked Albion, .Michigan, and addressed to\\nthe Adjutant-General of the State, and received in May, 1862:\\n31 K. IIobertson:\\nSir:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 In the name of God Almighty, the Government of the United\\nStates, and the people of the State of .Michigan, send me by special train to\\nKalamazoo forthwith five corporals and forty privates, with forty roimds of\\nfixed ammunition and two days cooked rations each. I have work for them.\\nI have holed an old and big secesh den of traitors and want to dig them out.\\nBRONSbN,\\nIndependent Detective and Acting U. S. Marishal", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "158 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nP. S. Telegraph to me about what time they will get there.\\nB\\n7. D. U. S. M.\\nGalesbueg, 3fay 26.\\nThis fearful condition of affairs had assumed so formidable a shape as to\\nmake it necessary to hold public meetings in some localities of the State to\\nstimulate the people to more energy in the cause of the Union, and especially\\nin recruiting for the regiments in the field. A public meeting for that pur-\\npose was called in Detroit, to be held in the afternoon of Tuesday, the loth\\nJuly, and on assembling on the Campus Martins in accordance with the\\ncall, and while the business in view was being proceeded with, the gathering\\nw^e surprised by a mob of men, who furiously interrupted the deliberations\\nand entirely broke up and dispersed the meeting, driving the officers from\\nthe stand, and compelling some of them to seek shelter and safety in the\\nRussell House, a hotel adjacent to the Campus Martins. The exhibition\\nof this rebel spirit in our midst proved of iinmediate and lasting advantage\\nto the cause of the army in the field, for it aroused such a feeling of indig-\\nnation at these disloyal and treasonable operations, and such utter contempt\\nfor the ruffians who had been thus engaged, that the masses of the respect-\\nable citizens of both political parties determined that such proceedings should\\nnot be tolerated in Detroit, and therefore next day a meeting was appointed\\nfor Tuesday, the 22d of July, to carry out the objects of the previous meet-\\ning, and for the further purpose of maintaining the right of citizens to hold\\nsuch meetings witliout interference or molestation. An immense gathering\\nassembled under the call, severely rebuking the disloyal element, and with\\nunbounded enthusiasm avowing a most faithful and persistent support of\\nthe war, and pledging, with prodigal liberality, means and personal encour-\\nagement, and adopting instant measui-es for the recruitment of the regi-\\nments of the State, and urging the immediate re-enforcements of the armies\\nof the Union,\\nThis prompt action of the citizens had the desired effect, giving recruiting\\nnew^ life and energy, and led to the immediate proffer of the gallant 24th\\nregiment to the cause of freedom and humanity, and served to end all open\\ndemonstrations in favor of rebellion in the metropolis of the State.\\nThe general alai*m for the cause of the Union, resulting from the reverses\\nof McClellan, flashed over the State and brooded over her loyal people,\\nbeing shared in for a short time by Michigan, in common with tlie otlier\\nloyal States but she soon rallied from a despondency which was but tem-\\nporary, and burst forth with a renewed degree of unsurpassed vigorous en-\\nergy and enlarged patriotism.\\nPresident Lincoln, advised by the Governors of the loyal States, Avho had\\nconsulted together regarding the emergency,* issued a proclamation on July\\n*By Telkgraph from New York, June 30, 1862.\\nTo THE GOVERNOII OP MICHIGAN\\nPrivate and Confidential. In view of the present state of military movements, and\\nthe depleted condition of our efficient forces in the field, resulting from the usual and\\nunavoidable causes of the services, together with the large numbers of men required to\\ngarrison the numerous cities and military positions that have been captured, as well as\\nto protect our avenues of supplies in the enemy s country, it is proposed to address a\\nmemorial to the President to-day, to be signed by all the Governors of all the loyal\\nStates, and some other officials of the country, requesting him at once to call upon the\\nseveral loyal States for such number of men us may be required to fill up organizations\\nin the field, and add such increased numbers of men to the army heretofore authorized\\na may in his judgment be necessary to speedily crush this rebellion and restore our", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "RAISLNG OF TROOPS. 150\\n2d for 300,000 men, the War Department assigning to IVIichigan a quota\\nof 11,()8G. On the 15th of July orders were published from the Adjutant\\nGeneral s Department of the SUite urgently appealing to the people for a\\nprompt and efiective response, and prescribing regulations for a system of\\norganization. The following is an extract from the order referred to:\\nThe Governor lias confidence in the loyalty, patriotism, and courage of\\nthe people, that they will cheerfully respond to the President s call, firmly\\nbelieving that this force will be quickly raised to aid in speedily putting an\\nend forever to this unjustifiable and cruel rebellion.\\nThe time has now arrived f)r men who love their country and desire its\\nperpetuity as a nation to make sacrifices in its defence. Without resort to\\ndrafting, let the ranks be speedily filled, let every heart be nerved, and\\nevery man welcome the hour that calls him to his country s rescue; let him\\nbe self-sacrificing, patriotic, and courageous let him make the camp his\\nhome, and the brave soldiers of the Union his companions, until this national\\nstruggle be ended, and show that the privations, hardships, and dangers\\nendured by the noble sons of the State who have fought their country s bat-\\ntles, and that the bloody battle grounds so recently trodden by them have\\nnot drained the State of its patriots nor lessened the love of her people for\\nthe national flag, n(n- their determination that its folds shall float over them\\nunimpaired forever.\\nIn addition to the 17th infantry in process of organization by recruits\\nfrom the State at large, six regiments of. infantry were ordered, and appor-\\ntioned respectively to the six Congressional districts, confining the recruit-\\nment of each regiment to its own district, establishing a camp for each, and\\nappointing commanders of camp, who were charged with the raising of the\\nregiments. These regiments, having the following gentlemen as comman-\\nders of cam]), were the 18th, at Hillsdale, Hon. Henry Waldron 19th, at\\nDowagiac, Col. Henry C. Gilbert 2()th, at Jackson, Hon. Fidus Liver-\\nmore; 21st, at Ionia, Hon. J. B. Welsh; 22d, at Fontiac, Col. Moses Wis-\\nner and the 2od, at East Saginaw, Hon. D. H. Jerome.\\nThe Adjutant General of the State, in his report for 18(32, says of the\\naction of the peo})le regarding this call\\nThe response of the people of the State to the President s call was patri-\\notic and prompt almost beyond expectation. Individuals of every degree\\nof prominence f trthwith began tt) interest themselves in the business of\\ntilling the regiments. Connnunities gave to it their time and their almost\\nexclusive attention, while, better than all, the substantial masses of the peo-\\nple offered themselves in person. War meetings were held in almost every\\nvillage and township in the State. Representatives of all classes converted\\nthemselves either into recruits or recruiting officers, and among the most\\nefficient of the latter were ministers of the Gospel, some of whom led the\\nmen they had enlisted into the field.\\nThe Ciiristian Church in this State generally proved by its pronounced\\npatriotism, and manifest devotion to the cause of the country, an element\\nof immense success. AH true patriots commend its noble cause, all faithful\\nChristians endorse its glorious action. From the time that Sumter was fired\\nGovernment. The decisive moment to accomplish this enil, it is believed, has arriyed.\\nShall we add j^our name to the memorial?\\n(Signed,) E. D. MORGAN, Governor Nero York.\\nR. G. CURTIN, Governor Pennsylvania.\\nThey were immediately telegraphed by Governor Blair to use his name on the me-\\nmorial.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "160 HISTORY OF iMICHlGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\non until Lee and Johnston laid down their rebellious arras, and Davis fled\\nfor his life, it encouraged and nerved by word and deed the soldier in the\\nfield, aided much in the recruitment of men by its aj^proval of the cause,\\nand its openly avowed abhorrence of rebels and those who sympathized with\\nthem aftd opposed the war. Where it did not, cowardice most mean and\\ngrovelling, disloyalty gross, and blackest treason, pi evented its being in-\\ncluded in the Providence of God among the instrumentalities to save the\\nnation, and hence, neither deserves nor can expect any l)etter fate than the\\ncertain condemnation of every true lover of his country and of his race, and\\nthe disapproval of the God of nations.\\nThe valuable services rendered at this time by the loyal Press throughout\\nthe State can never be over-estimated for its successful efforts in strength-\\nening the hands of public officers, in moulding public opinion in favor of\\nloyalty to the Government, in encouraging patriotism among the masses,\\nand inspiring those at the front with a heroism leading to gallant deeds.\\nThe Adjutant-General further says in his report\\nImmediately following the issue of this order, applications reached the\\nAdjutant-General s office, by telegraph and otherwise, from all sections of\\nthe State, urging authority to recruit, and desiring instructions and forms\\nfor the enlistment of companies. Facilities to promote this purpose were\\npromptly furnished, and as soon as the camp grounds could be provided\\nwith suitable quarters, men began to flock in by companies and detach-\\nments. The gentlemen who had been charged witli the duty of supervising\\nthe organization of the regiments performed their labors with diligence and\\nsuccess, and in little over a month from the date of the President s call,\\nmen enough had been raised in the State, and nearly enough were in camp,\\nto fill all the regiments which the War Department had asked for as the\\nnumber first needed under the President s requisition.\\nIn the meantime, while the patriotism of the people was thus zealously\\nmanifesting itself in all portions of the State, the people of Detroit and of\\nWayne county desired an opportunity to put in the field a regiment of their\\nown citizens, in addition to those already in progress. Authority was\\npromptly given by the Governor for this purpose, and the 24th regiment\\nwas ordered, organized under the direction of Colonel H. A. Morrow, and\\nplaced in rendezvous at Detroit, making the eighth infantry regiment then\\nin course of completion.\\nThe Executive of the nation, Abraham Lincoln, was looking anxiously\\ninto the future and calling earnestly upon the States for information as to\\nwhat he might expect to sustain him in meeting coming emergencies. Under\\ndate of July 28th, he telegraphed to Governor Blair\\nIt would be of great service here for us to know as fully as you can\\ntell, what progress is made and making in recruiting for old regiments in\\nyour State. Also, about what day the first new regiment can move from\\nyou, what the second, what the tiiird, and so on. This information is im-\\nportant to us in making calculations. Please give it as promptly and\\naccurately as you can.\\nTo this dis])atch the Governor instantly replied as follows\\nVery little can l)e done in recruiting old regiments until the new regi-\\nments arc filled up although every exertiim will be made to do so. Tlie\\nnew regiments will conuncnce to take the field about the 1st September, or\\nsooner, if possible, and will all be in service in the field during that month.\\nIn providing for the immense reinforcements to the national armies under\\nthis call, some delay in arming and equipping the troops unavoidably\\noccurred, and the Michigan regiments were ready before their field equip-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 161\\nment. With great dispatch, however, they were put in readiness for the\\nfiehl, and left the State fully armed, clothed, and equipped, in the order\\nhereafter mentioned.\\nOn the completion of the eight regiments referred to, it was ascertained\\nthat in the rush to the rescue more co:npanies had been raised than could\\nbe placed in the district regiments, and on the 20th of August an order was\\nissued from the Adjutant-General s office directing the recruitment of the\\n25th and 26th regiments of infantry, and assigning the surplus companies\\nthereto.\\nThe 25th rendezvoused at Kalamazoo, under the direction of the Hon.\\nH. G. Wells, commandant of camp, and the 26th at Jackson, in connnand\\nof Colonel Judson S. Farrar. They were put in condition for active ser-\\nvice with much promptness, and left the State immediately thereafter.\\nAbout the time that the President s last call for volunteers appeared, the\\nGovernor had permission from the War I)c })artment to send into the field\\nanother regiment of cavalry, and authority was given to Colonel K. II. G.\\nMinty, then lieutenant-colonel of the 3d cavalry, to proceed at once to raise\\nthe 4th cavalry. Appointments to recruit were eagerly sought for, and the\\nregiment was rapidly raised to the maximum, and on the 21)th of July was\\nordered into rendezvous at Detroit. On the 29th of August it was mustered\\ninto the United States service, and was only aAvaiting its horses and equip-\\nments. As soon as these Avere provided, it left the State on the 26th of\\nSeptember.\\nSoon after the organization of the 4th, Colonel J. T. Copeland, late of the\\n1st cavalry, sought and obtained the permission of the War Department,\\napproved by the Governor, to raise another regiment for the same branch\\nof service; and still later when the President had issued an order pro-\\nviding for the draft of a further force of 300,000 men, Hon. F. W. Kellogg,\\nmember of Congress from this State, secured authority (also subject to\\napproval by the Governor) to raise two additional regiments for the same\\narm. The 5th and 6th cavalry, comprising two of the three regiments thus\\nauthorized, were recruited with great rapidity, and would have been in the\\nfield by the 1st of October had horses, arms, and equipments been provided\\nas fast as the men were ready for them. They left the State in the early\\npart of December.\\nThe th battery of light artillery was raised in connection Avith the 5th\\ncavalry, ])y Captain I. I. Daniels, and left for the field with that regiment,\\nfully equipped and mounted.\\nThe l)odics of troops thus referred to comprise all the district organiza-\\ntions that were sent from the State into active service since the requisition\\nof the President, made on the 2d of July, and are as follows\\nThe 17th regiment infantry, from Detroit, August 27, 982 strong Colonel\\nW. II. Withington commanding.\\nThe 24th regiment infantry, from Detroit, August 29, 1027 strong\\nColonel H. A. ]\\\\Iorrow conmuinding.\\nThe 20th regiment infantry, from Jackson, September 1, 1012 strong\\nColonel A. W. Williams commanding.\\nThe 18th regiment infantry, from Hillsdale, September 4, 1002 strong\\nColonel C. E. Doolittle commanding.\\nThe 22d regiment infantry, from Pontiac, September 4, 997 strong Col.\\nM. Wisner commanding.\\nThe 21st regiment infantry, from Ionia, September 12, 1007 strong Col.\\nA. E. Stevens commandiuK.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "162 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe 19th regiment infantry, from Dowagiac, September 14, 995 strong\\nCol. H. C. Gilbert commanding.\\nThe 23d regiment infantry, from East Saginaw, September 18, 883 strong\\nCol. M. W. Chapin commanding.\\nThe 4th regiment cavalry, from Detroit, September 26, 1228 strong Col.\\nR. H. G. Minty commanding.\\nThe 25th regiment infantry, from Kalamazoo, Sej)tember 29, 89G strong\\nCol. O. H. Moore commanding.\\nThe 9th battery, from Detroit, December 4, 168 strong Captain J. J.\\nDaniels commanding.\\nThe 5th regiment cavalry, from Detroit, December 4, 1305 strong Col.\\nJ. T. Copeland commanding.\\nThe 6th regiment cavalry,from Grand Rapids, December 10, 1220 strong\\nCol. George Gray commanding.\\nThe 26th regiment infantry, from Jackson, December 13, 903 strong\\nCol. J. S. Farrar commanding.\\nThe quality of the men, physically, mentally, and morally, forming the\\nmaterial of these regiments, has never been and can never be excelled in\\nthe armies of any State or nation, and it may well be questioned if it was\\never equaled outside of the limits of the Union.\\nThe infantry regiments Avent to the field thoroughly armed and equipped,\\nthe arms furnished being of a superior quality. The cavalry were equally\\nwell equipped but a portion of the arms of some of them were not furnished\\nuntil after reaching the seat of war.\\nAt the time the call was made by the President, and on which the above\\ndesignated regiments were raised, much anxiety as to coming events and\\nresults existed throughout the land, and great despondency pervaded the\\nmasses, prevailing to an alarming extent in the army. The disasters of\\nBull Run and Ball s Bluff, and Bank s retreat from the Valley of the She-\\nnandoah were fresh in the memory. McClellan s fruitless peninsula cam-\\npaign had just terminated. Gloom covered the Union cause throughout the\\nNorth, and loyal hearts were sad. But with these disasters and discour-\\nagements patriotism seemed to grapple, and strong and loyal men flocked\\nto service under the standard of their country, without money or price, and\\nwith laudable determination. The regiments referred to Avere recruited in\\nthese memorable days, the darkest of the rebellion. Fighting had produced\\nmuch suffering, and bullets, death, and war had proved a fearful reality;\\nyet patriotism in Michigan was at its maximum, and her people demonstra-\\nted their indomitable pluck.\\nWhile great activity prevailed among the people and in the State Mili-\\ntary Departments, in meeting the call of July 2d, strong hopes were enter-\\ntained that the final requisition for additional volunteers had been reached.\\nThe President issued an order on the 4th of August for a draft to be made\\nwithout delay of 300,000 militia to serve for nine months. On the 9th of\\nthe same month general orders were promulgated by the War Department,\\nassigning the quotas of the several States, that of Michigan being 11,686,\\nsame as under the last call.\\nSpecial instructions of a later date directed that if volunteers for old and\\nnew regiments mustered from July 2d exceeded the number called for\\n(11,686) the excess might be deducted from the number drafted.\\nAccepting the exigency, the Governor issued his proclamation to the\\nproper civil officers of each township and ward to make a complete census\\nof the citizens of proper age and forward returns to the county clerk of their\\nrespective counties on or before the 10th day of September following. This", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 163\\nnew demand upon the resources and patriotism of the people was assented\\nto with great unanimity, and its propriety and necessity generally accepted,\\nbut the desire was to otsviate a draft, and strong efforts were being put forth\\nto furnish the quota in volunteers.\\nThe commissioners appointed by the Governor to superintend the draft,\\ntogether with the sheriffs and clerks of counties, were constituted recruiting\\nofficers.\\nGeneral orders were issued from the Adjutant-General s Department of\\nthe State, apportioning the quota to be raised on the basis of the census of\\n1860, (the military enumeration being yet incomplete,) and accrediting\\neach county with the number of men which had been furnished by each\\nsince the 2d of July, as shown by special returns made from the regiments\\nthemselves, and ap])()intiiig the following-named persons to carry the draft\\ninto effect in tlicir respective counties:\\nAllegan county, Henry Dumont, commissioner; L. Foster, surgeon.\\nBranch county, Geo. A. Coe, commissioner Phineas P. Nichols, Plenry B.\\nStillman, surgeons. Berrien county, Charles R. Brown, commissioner; John\\nM. Roe, IMorgan Enos, surgeons. Bay county, Pleury Raymond, connnis-\\nsioner; Chas. H. Reynolds, surgeon. Barry county, Norman Bailey, com-\\nmissioner John Putlierts, surgeon. Calhoun county, J. B. Greenough, com-\\nmissioner Z. T. Slater, W. 11. Johnson, surgeons. Cass county, Chas. W.\\nClisbee, commissioner; Alonzo Garwood, surgeon. Clinton county, R.\\nStickland, commissioner Dr. Topping, surgeon. Cheboygan county,\\nEaton county, Joseph M. Hazlett, cohimissioner Alden B. Sampon, sur-\\ngeon. Emmet county, Genessee county, Warner Lake, commissicmer\\nDaniel Clarke, surgeon. Gratiot county, commissioner; John B.\\nCheeseman, surgeon. Grand Traverse, Morgan Bates, commissioner\\nsurgeon. Hillsdale county, E. O. Grosvenor, commissioner A. Cressy, sur-\\ngeon. Huron county, W. D. Luddington, commissioner. Ingham county,\\nLemuel Woodhouse, commissioner Dr. Hill, surgeon. Ionia county, Al-\\nbert Williams, commissioner. Isabella county, Jackson county, Eu-\\ngene Pringle, commissioner Gordon Chittack, surgeon. Kent county, P.\\nH. L. Pierce, commissioner Almou M. Ellsworth, surgeon. Kalamazoo\\ncounty, Charles S. INIay, ccMumissioner Wm. JMottram, surgeon. La])eer\\ncount}^, Virtulon Rich, commissioner; Oliver T. Strowbridge, surgeon. Liv-\\ningston county, William Riddle, commissioner Chas. W. Haze, surgeon.\\nLenawee county, Perlcy Bills, commissioner Dr. Pearsoll, Edwin P. An-\\ndrews, surgeons. Leelanaw county, Macomb county. Dexter Muzzy,\\ncommissioner. Mecosta county, Midland county, Lorenzo F. Tay-\\nlor, commissioner. Manitou county, Mason county, Manistee\\ncounty, IMonroe county, Edwin P. Dorch, conunissioner and surgeon.\\nMontcalm county, R. K. Divine, commissioner. IMuskegon county, Chaun-\\ncey Davis, commissioner. Newaygo county, John A. Brooks, commissioner;\\nA. D. Leonard, surgeon. Oceana county, Ottawa county, C. B. Al-\\nbee, commissioner; J. D. North, surgeon. Oakland county, Clark Beards-\\nlee, commissioner. Shiawasse county, lona Fuller, commissioner; David\\nF. Alsdorf, surgeon. Saginaw county, Addison Brewer, commissioner Hi-\\nram C. Driggs, surgeon. St. Clair county, Marcus H. INIiles, commissioner;\\nC. M. Stockwell, surgeon. St. Joseph county, John W. Frey, commissioner\\nFrancis J. IMorse, surgeon. Tuscola county, Charles B. Mills, commission-\\ner Wm. Johnson, surgeon. Van Buren county, O. T. Welch, commission-\\ner John W. Emery, Eugene Bitely, Decatur, surgeons. Wastenaw coun-\\nty, James IMcMahon, commissioner D. A, Post, Ebenezer Mills, sui-geons.\\nWayne county. Christian H. Buhl, conunissioner E. M. Clark, J. M. Swift,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "164\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nLouis Davenport Dr. KeifFer, surgeons. C. H. Buhl of Wayne resigned\\nafter serving a considerable time, and was succeeded by Joseph Warren.\\nIn counties where commissioners and surgeons were not appointed by this\\norder, the Sheriffs thereof were authorized to designate commissioners, with\\npower to appoint surgeons.\\nOn account of the want of preparation in most of the States for an imme-\\ndiate draft, the Government found it expedient to postpone the period for it\\nto talce place and to extend the time for tlae completion of the regiments in\\nprocess of organization.\\nIn the meantime the most strenuous and effective measures were being\\ncontinued by most of the townships and wards then behind to furnish the\\nnumber required of them without recourse to draft, and to aid in this, large\\nlocal bounties were offered and the most efficient means of recruiting em-\\nployed.\\nThe results of the military census are presented in the following table\\ntaken from the Adjutant-General s report for 1862. AVhere the figures are\\nomitted in the first column, the counties failed to make returns.\\nTable .thowivg the number of persons between the ages of 18 and 45 enrolled by Assessors, September 10. 1862,\\nthenumber exempted, and the number subject to draft; together with the number returned in June, under a\\nlaw of the Utate.\\nCOUNTY.\\nNo. of men en-\\nrolled by As-\\nsessors.\\nNo. exempted.\\nNo. subject to\\ndraft.\\nNo. returned in\\nJune, under\\nState law.\\nAlleean\\n1.S44\\n1,446\\n746\\n2.534\\nIo03\\n1,824\\n37\\n1.378\\n1,882\\n2.627\\n3,154\\n539\\n1.773\\n1,616\\n276\\n3.909\\n3,934\\n3.031\\n1.735\\n5.477\\n2.248\\n\u00c2\u00a7223\\n2,666\\n35\\n132\\n132\\n2,394\\n573\\n489\\n1.760\\n4.933\\n1,305\\n858\\n2,130\\n3.034\\n3.089\\n776\\n2.190\\n4.81)5\\n10,106\\n2.721\\n2.264\\n1,001\\n*818\\n315\\n1.814\\n3,172\\nBrinch\\n5,126\\n1.123\\n4,499\\nCass\\n2,217\\n109\\n2.126\\n2,672\\n+72\\n748\\n790\\n104\\nJiJfltOIl\\nFminet\\n2.513\\nHillsilale\\n4,392\\n042\\n1,238\\n103\\n3.708\\nHuron\\n2,503\\nIonia\\n2.850\\n1,234\\nJackson\\n4,527\\njois\\n3.885\\n2,160\\n2.530\\n6,544\\n7.38\\n795\\n1,067\\n3.527\\n1.897\\n5.095\\n2.782\\nMackinac\\n223\\n3,485\\n111\\n188\\n819\\n76\\n2.976\\nMason\\nMlillanil\\n152\\nMecosta\\n229\\n3,009\\n97\\n075\\n200\\n1.936\\n240\\n050\\n101\\n2.085\\nOakland\\n6,001\\n968\\n4.967\\nSanilac\\n1,294\\n2,951\\n4,006\\n436\\n821\\n972\\n2.497\\nSt. Clair\\n4.042\\nSt. .Toseph\\n3.270\\n750\\nTan Rnrpn\\n2,7.34\\n5,879\\n12,538\\n544\\n984\\n2.432\\n2,3: 5\\n11,224\\nSubject to draft\\n91.071\\n*0f these 797 were exempted by the surgeon. fMost of these are Indians, whom hitherto the War\\nDepartment has refused to muster Into service. Ksempted by surgeon, 419. gXhere was no\\nBurgeon in this county, and these figures show the total enrollment.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 165\\nIn the same report of the Adjutaut-General is found the following state-\\nment regarding the population of counties and the number of persons subject\\nto draft on the basis of the census of 18G0\\nThe total population of the counties above enumerated at the census of\\n1860 was 715,595, The proportion of persons residing therein who are sub-\\nject to draft is as 1 to 857-1000. The counties which have made no returns\\nare Alcona, Alpena, Chippewa, Delta, Gratiot, Grand Traverse, Ilougliton,\\n(included with Keweenaw in 18G0,) Iosco, Leelanaw, Marquette, INIaiiitou,\\nManistee, Muskegon, Osceola, Oceana, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, and School-\\ncraft, and their aggregate population in 18G0 was 35,415, The same ratio\\nwhich rules in the counties from which returns have been received would\\nl^roduce in the counties last mentioned a military strength of 4,507, making\\nthe aggregate of persons yet remaining in the State between the ages of 18\\nand 45, and subject to draft for military purposes, 95,578, less the number\\nof volunteers who have enlisted since September 10, 1862.\\nThe War Department, now full} aware of many obstacles in the way of\\nmaking a draft at that time and hoping that the necessary additional troops\\ncould be raised by volunteer enlistments, left the time for drafting to the\\ndiscretion of the governors.\\nEarly in September three companies of men, nearly full, had been offered\\nfrom the Upper Peninsula, and there was reason to believe that three more\\nwould be filled in the same section of country. The 27th infantry was,\\ntherefore, Avith the assent of the Government, organized and put in rendez-\\nvous at Port Huron in command of Lieut. Col. Thomas S. Sprague. The\\nauthority given by the War Department to Col. Kellogg to raise the 7th\\ncavalry was confirmed by the Governor, and that regiment was thereupon\\norganized and ordered, under date of October 29th, to rendezvous at Grand\\nRapids.\\nAt the same time the Governor accorded permission, (the same hav-\\ning been ])reviously given by the General Government, subject to his ap-\\njiroval,) to Col. John Stockton, of INIount Clemens, and to Capt. James J.\\nDavid, of Trenton, then in the U. S. Quartermaster s Department, to raise\\nan additional regiment of cavahy, and the 8th was thereupon ordered, with\\nits camp at Mount Clemens, and the 9th, which had its rendezvous at Cold-\\nwater.\\nAn urgent desire having been nuuiifested to oi ganize another infixntry\\nregiment. Col. Edward Dcjyle, of Detroit, received autliority, with tlie assent\\nof the War Department, to raise the 28th; and on application the Depart-\\nment also consented to the raising of a regiment of sharpshooters, tlie organ-\\nization of which had been placed in the charge of Capt. C. V. DeLand, of\\nthe 9th infantry. The Government had sjiecially authorized advanced\\nbounty and one month s pay to volunteers in either of these regiments, and\\nvigorous efforts were very generally entered upon to fill their ranks.\\nIt was supposed by many citizens that were an o]:)portunity offered for\\nmen to enlist for the same term as the law provided for drafted levies nine\\nmonths larger numbers would avail themselves of it to volunteer for that\\nperiod who declined to accept a longer service. Willing to afford every\\nreasonable encouragement to the disposition so generally manifested to fur-\\nnish all the men required without resorting to draft, and fully mindful, also,\\nof his obligations to the National Government, His Excellency, on the 29lh\\nof November, issued a proclanuition which so clearly represents the situation\\nat the time, and is so intimately connected with the State military record,\\nthat we take the liberty of presenting it in full", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "166 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nTo the People of the State of Michigan\\nIt is essential to the maintenance of the honor of the State, by meeting its\\nobligations to the Federal Government, that the quota of the troops required\\nof Michigan under the call for 600,000 men should be speedily furnished.\\nI have felt great confidence that this might be done without resort to a draft,\\nbut it will be impossible at the rate enlistments have been making for the\\nlast month and more. The number required of each town and ward in the\\nState has been assigned upon the principle of giving credit for all recruits\\nfurnished since the first of July last. Substantial justice in this respect has\\nbeen done toward all. To be exact was impossible, and to go back of the\\nfirst of July was impracticable, both because the order of the Secretary of\\nWar did not authorize it, and because there Avas no reliable record by which\\nsuch credit could be made up with any chance of fairness.\\nIt is, therefore, indispensable that the several towns and wards of cities\\nshould furnish the number of recruits assigned to them, and I take this oc-\\ncasion to assure the people that unless the men are furnished by voluntary\\nenlistment they will be taken by the draft.\\nFor the purpose of still giving abundant opportunity to fill the quota of\\nthe State by voluntary enlistment, recruiting will be continued as follows\\n1st. Recruits will be received for new regiments now forming in the State,\\nand for all the old regiments now in the field, until and including the 29th\\nday of December next. These must be enlisted for the term of three years\\nor during the war.\\n2d. From the 1st to the 16th day of December next volunteer recruits\\nwill be received for the old regiments only to serve for nine months, in pur-\\nsuance of the act of Congress.\\n3d. On the 30th day of December next the draft will commence and pro-\\nceed until the requisite number is obtained in all those towns and wards\\nwhich shall then be found delinquent.\\nLess than four thousand men are now required to fill the entire quota of\\nthe State, and I earnestly hope that they will be found to come forward\\ncheerfully and enlid for the war, as all our troops thus far have done. And\\nI desire this not so much because there is anything discreditable in a draft,\\nas because it is exceedingly desirable that all the troo])s from INIichigan\\nshould stand on the same footing in the army. Let the people of iMichigau\\nmake one more loyal and vigorous efibrt, and the entire number required\\ncan be obtained, and the high reputation of the State for patriotism and\\npromptness will be maintained.\\nAUSTIN BLAIR.\\nDated Jackson, November 29, 1862.\\nThe aggregate numl^er of troops enlisted and mustered up to December\\n23d, 1862, as reported by the Adjutant-General, was as follows:\\nTotal, including recruits, sent to the field before July 1st, 1862, 24,281\\nLancers and Hughes Horse Guards, regularly mustered into the ser-\\nvice, but disbanded without leaving the State, 987 three regiments of cav-\\nalry, ten of infantry, and one battery, sent since July 1st, 13,739; recruits\\n(including six for nine months) received from July ist to December 23d,\\n2,162 estimated strength of three regiments of cavalry, two of intantry, one\\nof sharpshooters, and two batteries, organizing in the State, 4,400. Total,\\n45,569.\\nThis does not include volunteers from this State who have gone into the\\nregiments of other States, to a number known to exceed 1,400.\\nA considerable number of recruits had also been enlisted in the State", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 167\\nduring the summer and fall for the regular army, probably three or four\\nhundred at least.\\nThese troops, with the exception of a few of the earlier regiments that\\nwere mustered into service by the late Lieut. Col. E. Buckus, Capt. J. C.\\nEobinson, and Capt. II. R. Miner, U. S. army, were mustered under the\\ndirection of the late Gen. J. R. Smith, U. S. army, a citizen and resident of\\nMichigan, who was United States military commander in the State and\\nchief mustering officer until the adoption of the provost marshal s system\\nwhen he was detailed as commissary of musters, in which capacity he served\\nuntil the close of the war. The energetic and faithful services rendered by\\nhim aided much in facilitating the speedy des])atch of troops to the front.\\nThe report of the Adjutant-General of the State for 1862 closes with the\\nfollowing extract, which undoubtedly exjjressed the estimation in which the\\nMichigan troops were held, and did not by any means over-estimate their\\nservices, and certainly was correct as to the loyalty and patriotism of the\\npeople at that period of the war\\nAt the time of making the last annual report from this department, cov-\\nering only a small portion of the force now in the service from this State, it\\nwas thought that the regiments then reported would be all that would be\\nrequired to suppress the rebellion but another year is nearly closed, and\\nregiment after regiment has been raised, until a large army has gone from\\nthe State, and still the rebellion goes on. Notwithstanding all this, the\\nloyalty and patriotism of the people is unexhausted. The same determina-\\ntion seems to exist as at the commencement of the war, that it must be put\\ndown, and the nation redeemed at any sacrifice. The promptness and cheer-\\nfulness with which every call made by the General Government upon the\\nState has been responded to bespeaks the intelligent loyal patriotism of its\\npeople. The people of Michigan are intelligently loyal on the subject of\\nthe war, and her soldiery are intelligently brave and patriotic, true to the\\nhonor of their State and their nation, preferring on all occasions death be-\\nfore dishonoring either.\\nThe troo])s from the State of Michigan have gained a prominent position\\nin the armies of the nation. They have done their duty faithfully, fully,\\nand fearlessly, and borne the brunt of many well-fought fields. Some of\\nthem have proved an anomaly in modern warfare suddenly called from\\nthe common avocations of life, aud within a very few days of the time of\\nleaving tiieir native State, they have been pitted against the veteran troops\\nof the enemy of their country in superior numbers, an l completely routed\\nthem. It has been the fortune of some of them voluntarily and successfully\\nto lead the forlorn hope, regardless of opposing numbers. Their scars and\\nthinned ranks now attest their services to their country. The honor of their\\nnati(m and their State has been safe in their hands, and both will- cherish\\nand reward them. INIonuments to the memory of the brave dead are now-\\nerected in the hearts of the peoi)le, and national monuments to their mem-\\nory will be erected by a grateful country.\\nThe military operations in tlie field in 1862 liad not been much in favor\\nof the Union cause. In Deccnd)er the Union army in Virginia had failed\\nin its attack on Fredericksburg, the Western army had been successful at\\nStone River in the same month, both important engagements, and in effect\\nnearly balancing. Yet the people of the country seemed not to be discour-\\naged nor to falter in their determination to press on to ultimate suc^ css by\\nputting down the nefarious rebellion. In good old Michigan loyalty and\\npatriotism seemed in the ascendant.\\nGovernor Blair, iu his message to the Legislature, in January, 1863, in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "168 HISTORY OF jnCHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nspeaking to the Michigan soldiers in the field, alludes to their services as\\nfollows\\nGentlemen, I commend the INIichigau troops to your active sympathy\\nand support. By their heroic endurance of the hardships of war, and by\\ntheir splendid bravery in battle, they have crowned the State with glory.\\nTheir battle-cry is Michigan! remember Michigan, and Michigan must\\nremember them. We have already a long list of immortal heroes dead in\\nbattle. I hope you will in some appropriate way place upon the enduring\\nrecords of the State your appreciation of the valor and patriotic devotion of\\nthese brave men. Let us hand down their names to posterity upon an illu-\\nminated page, that they may be revered as examples for all time to come.\\nThey belong to history now. We must take care that it is rightly written.\\nYour hearty thanks are also due to the gallant men who still uphold the\\nflag of our country in the field, and have lately borne it on to victory over\\nbloody ground. Let us send them warm Avords of cheer from home. May\\nGod give them other and greater victories, and bring them speedily back\\nin peace and triumph. Then, indeed, shall Heaven s arches ring with glad\\nshouts of welcome.\\nIn February following, the Legislature expressed in the following joint\\nresolution the sentiments of the Michigan people on the war question:\\nThat we are unalterably opposed to any terms of compromise and accom-\\nmodation with the rebels while under arms and acting in hostility to the\\nGovernment of the Union, and on this we express but one sentiment un-\\nconditional submission and obedience to the laws and Constitution of the\\nUnion.\\nIn March, the following preamble and resolutions were passed by the\\nLegislature in compliment to the Michigan soldiers in the field\\nWhereas the citizen soldiers of IMichigan have responded cheerfully to\\ntheir country s call, have never hesitated or faltered when duty prompted\\nor danger threatened, and by their indomitable fortitude under the fatigues\\nand privations of war, their heroic bravery and brilliant achievements upon\\nthe battle-field, have crowned themselves with glory, and given to Michigan\\nimperishable renown therefore,\\nMesolvcd by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Michi-\\ngan, That, tendering to them the thanks of the State for their valuable ser-\\nvices, we also assure them that while Michigan thus holds them forth as\\nexamples of emulation to the soldiers of other States, she is also ])roudly\\ngrateful to them for the renown Avhich their noble deeds have shed upon\\nher name, and claiming them for her own, she points to them with feelings\\nof maternal })ride, and in the language of the noble Roman mother exclaims,\\nThese are my jewels.\\nResolved, That the Governor be, and he is hereby, required to fi)rward a\\ncopy of the foregoing preamble and joint resolution to each of the regiments\\nand batteries of Michigan soldiers now in the field.\\nAn act was j^assed liy this Legislature authorizing the payment by the\\nQuartermastor-CJenerarof State bounty from March (5, 1 S();}, which\\nwas ccmtinued until November 20th following. The Legislature also legal-\\nized the action of the townships, cities, and counties in raising bt)unties for\\nvolunteers.\\nIn compliance with a recommendation of the Governor, the Legislature\\ngenerously ai)propriated S 20,(J()() to assist sick and wounded soldiers in tho\\nfiehl, and liUewiso to aid thos(! in the State, and in i)ayment for services of\\nagents to ])roperly carry into eliect th( measure. In 18G5 an additional\\namount of \u00c2\u00a72.3,000 was set apart for that purpose.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "RAISING OP TROOPS. 169\\nUnder the law referred to six agents were appointed, and entered upon\\ntliis duty: Benjamin Vernon, at Detroit; Dr. J. Turonicliffe, Jr., at Wa.sh-\\niugton, D. C; Luther B. Wilhird, at Kashville, Tenn.; J. B. Gilhnan, at\\nLouisville, Ky.; Weston Flint, at St. Louis, Mo.; and Darius Clark, in New\\nYork city. During the latter part of the war D. A. Millard was employed\\nat the AWishiiigton agency.\\nThe necessity for these agencies became more and more apparent every\\nday as the war progressed, proving of immense benefit to the Michigan\\ntroops in general, and particularly to those Avho found it necessary to accept\\nl^ecuniary assistance. The agencies were managed by gentlemen much in\\nsympathy with the cause of the soldiers, taking much interest in their wel-\\nfare, consequently laboring faithfully in their behalf.\\nAt the commencement of 1 S();^, three regiments of cavalry, two of infan-\\ntry, one of sharp-shooters, aud two batteries were in process of recruitment\\nwithin the State.\\nDuring January, the company known as the Provost Guard, raised by\\nCaptain E. D. Kobinson, under authority from the War Department, for\\nduty at the Detroit Barracks, was mustered into service. Also company\\nL, Merrill Horse, recruited at Battle Creek by Captain Almon E.\\nPreston.\\nThe 7th cavalry, recruiting for which had commenced in September })re-\\nvious, renuiined in rendezvous at Grand Bapids until the 20th of February\\nfollowing, when eight companies, which had been completed, were ordered\\nto report at Washington, and a few days thereafter took up their mai ch fur\\nthat purpose, under command of Colonel W. I). Mann. The remaining\\nbattalion was left in camp to recruit, and joined the regiment in the field\\nduring the month of May.\\nThe 8th cavalry, at its rendezvous at Mt. Clemens, enlisted a force in\\nofficers and men of 1,117, as is shown by its muster-in rolls, and two l)at-\\ntalions moved towards Kentucky on the 12th of May, under command of\\nColonel John Stockton, the remaining companies following two weeks there-\\nafter.\\nThe Otli cavalry, mider command of Colonel James J. David, took up its\\nline of march from Coldwater to Cincinnati on the 18th, 20th, and 25th of\\nMay, leaving two incomplete companies to be filled. These soon after joined\\nthe regiment in the field. The nmster-in rolls show the original strength of\\nthe regiment as l,07o.\\nRecruiting for the two regiments of infantry forming, in December the\\n27th and 28th proceeded so slowly that it was determined, in view of the\\nexigencies of the service, to consolidate them, and on the 1st of February\\nthe 27th was ordered to break camp at Port Huron and proceed to the ren-\\ndezvous of the 28th, at Ypsilanti. The process of consolidation was there\\ncompleted, the united regiments becoming known as the 27th JNIichigan In-\\nfantry. On the 12th of A])ril, eight companies being filled, began their\\nmovement to Cincinnati, under command of Colonel D. M. Fox, their mus-\\nter-in rolls showing an aggregate of 865. The completion of the regiment\\nwas afterwards effected.\\nThe 1st regiment of Michigan sharp-shooters,, which had its first rendez-\\nvous at Kalanuizoo, was afterward transferred to Dearborn, aud (ju the 8th\\nof July, six companies only being filled, was ordered to Indianapolis, under\\ncommand of Colonel C. V. DeLand. The completed muster-in rolls of the\\nregiment show an aggregate of 903.\\nThe 10th battery, under command of Captain J. C. Schultz, left Grand\\nK*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "170\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nRapids Avith the 7th cavalry, destined to Washiugtou, its muster-in roll con-\\ntain int; the names of 104 oiiicers and men.\\nTlic 11th battery, under Captain Charles J. Thompson, raised in connec-\\ntion with the 9th cavalry, left Coldwater with the regiment, having 108\\nnames on its muster-in rolls, and reported at headquarters of the Depart-\\nment of Ohio, at Cincinnati.\\nThe 12th battery. Captain E. G. Hillier, which had a somcAvhat informal\\norigin in connection Avith the 8th cavalry, was ordered to Dearl)orn after\\nthe departure of the latter regiment. It proceeded thence to Indianapolis\\nin July. The muster-in roll of the battery shows that up to its completion\\n219 oificers and men had been mustered in.\\nThe quota of the State, under the President s call of August 4, 1862, for\\n800,000 militia remaining unfilled, a draft was made in February follow-\\ning, on the basis of the census of 1860, in the counties then in arrear for the\\nsmall deficiency then existing. The number of men drafted was 1278. Of\\nthis number (either of themselves or by substitutes) 710 were delivered at\\nthe United States barracks at Detroit, 545 of Avhom were sent to various\\nregiments and batteries in the field, a few of the remainder deserting, while\\nothers were discharged for alienage, disability, or other causes, by United\\nStates authorities. Of the 545 men thus realized from the draft for a service\\nof nine months each, 430 were induced to enlist for three years, 115 only\\ngoing into the field for the shorter term. These facts are exhibited in clearer\\ndetail in the subjoined table, showing the result of the draft:\\nCounties in which draft was\\nmade.\\nNumber\\ndrafted.\\nDelivered\\nat barracks\\nAccounted for at barracks or sent\\nto regiments.\\nFor 3 ye rs For 9 mos,\\nTotaL\\nAllegan\\nBarry\\nCalhoun\\nCass\\nClinton....\\nGenesee\\nHillsdale....\\nIngham\\nJackson\\nLapeer\\nLivingston.\\nMacomb....;\\nMonroe\\nOakland....\\nSaginaw\\nShiawassee.\\nSt. Clair....\\nSt. Joseph..\\nTu.scola\\nVan Ijuron\\nTotal..\\n45\\n47\\n8\\n56\\n41\\n76\\n68\\n65\\n49\\n158\\n84\\n127\\n74\\n59\\n19\\n45\\n178\\n16\\n7\\n56\\n33\\n37\\n2\\n44\\n28\\n60\\n39\\n36\\n24\\n92\\n42\\n64\\n39\\n19\\n4\\n25\\n72\\n14\\n20\\n10\\n2\\n34\\n17\\n36\\n15\\n20\\n12\\n56\\n31\\n44\\n26\\n13\\n3\\n11\\n47\\n11\\n22\\n2\\n21\\n1\\n11\\n8\\n16\\n5\\n8\\n14\\n4\\n2\\n6\\n1\\n1\\n10\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n2\\n1,278 710 430\\n22\\n31\\n2\\n35\\n28\\n44\\n31\\n25\\n20\\n70\\n35\\n46\\n32\\n14\\n4\\n21\\n48\\n12\\n1\\n24\\n115 545\\nOn the 23d of Juue Col. F. \\\\V. Kellogg was authorized by the War De*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "TvAISING OF TROOPS. 171\\npartment to raise two additional regiments of cavalry and two more batte-\\nries of artillery, to be completed within forty days. The anthority was u})ou\\nthe direct and urgent requests of the .Secretary of War endorsed by the\\nGovernor, although he had determined to raise no more new regiments, but\\nto receive volunteers only for the wasted regiments in the field. Having\\nthus consented to the ])roposed increase, the lOtli cavalry and loth ])attery\\nAvere thereupon, under the personal management of Col. Kellogg, })laced in\\nrendezvous at Grand Rapids, and the 11th cavalry and 14th battery were\\nalso organized under the same direction, with headipiarters at Kalamazoo.\\nIt was found impracticable, however, to complete these bodies within the\\ntime originally limited, and the 10th cavaliy, in command of Col. Tliaddeus\\nFoote, of Grand Rapids, left its camp for Lexington, Kentucky, on the 1st\\nof December, and the 11th, in connnand of Col. 8. 1 Rrown, of St. Clair,\\nfor the same destination on the 17th, tlie former numbering 912 and the\\nlatter 921 on their muster-in rolls. The two batteries remaining in the State\\nin the process of organization.\\nThe Michigan cav^alry had been so uniformly celebrated in the Union\\narmies that the War Department gave the State a preference regarding\\nthat arm of service; consecpiently Michigan furnished eleven regiments, a\\nlarger proportion of her troops in cavalry than did any other State. To\\nCol. Kellogg unusual credit should be awarded, having by indefatigable\\nand persistent energy, with great ability and tact in that direction, raised\\nsix of these fine regiments, an achievement nnparalleled in the recruitment\\nof troops in this or any other State.\\nIn July the Secretary of War commissioned Henry Barns, of Detroit, a\\ncolonel in the United States army, witli authority to recruit a colored regi-\\nment in JNlichigan. AVith the approval of the Governor he at once com-\\nmenced this arduous task, and the 1st Michigan colored infantry were i)laced\\nin process of recruitment. The organization was completed on the 17th of\\nFebruary following, when it was mustered into the service of the United\\nStates, with 895 names on its rolls. The designation of the regiment was\\nafterwards changed by the War Department, with the consent of the Gov-\\nernor of the State, to the 102d United States colored troops. It left its ren-\\ndezvous at Detroit on the 28th of March to join the Ninth Army Corps, then\\nat Annapolis, INIaryland.\\nIn JMarch, 186.3, the Congress of the United States passed An act for\\nenrolling and calling out the national forces, which provided elaborate\\ndetails for the accomplishment of the object in view, leaving their execution\\nexclusively in the hands of the Federal authorities.\\nUnder the law referred to, the national force was declared to consist, with\\ncertain specified exceptions, of all able-bodied male citizens of the United\\nStates and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared on oath their in-\\ntention to become citizens under and in pursuance of the laws thereof, be-\\ntween the ages of twenty and forty-five years and this force was divided\\ninto two classes, the first to comprise all persons subject to do military duty\\nbetween the ages of twenty and thirty-five years, and all unmarried persons\\nsubject to do military duty above the age of thirty-five and under the age\\nof forty-five the second to comprise all other persons sul)ject to do mili-\\ntary duty and it was provided that the latter class shall not, in any dis-\\ntrict, be called into the service of the United States until those of the first-\\nclass shall have been called. Each Congressional district was f jrmed into\\nan enrollment district, a provost marshal and board of enrollment provided\\nfor each, and tliese districts were again divided into sub-districts, consisting\\nof wards and townships.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "172\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nLieut. Col. Bennett H. Hill, 5th U. S. artillery, was appointed by the\\nWar Department xVcting Assistant Provost IMarshal General of the ^rate.\\nCol. Hill proved to be an officer of great executive ability, truly loyal and\\npatriotic. He superintended the enrollment and drafting in Michigan dur-\\nijig the war. He was a graduate of the Military Academy at West Point\\nand a native of the District of Columbia.\\nThe following named gentlemen served as provost marshals\\nFirst District John S. Newberry, of Detroit, who was succeeded by jMark\\nFlanigan, of the same place; headquarters at Detroit.\\nSecond District Rollin C. Dennison, of Kalamazoo headquarters at that\\nplace.\\nThird District Robert J. Barry, of Ann Arbor headquarters at Jack-\\nson.\\nFourth District Norman Bailey, of Hastings headquarters at Grand\\nRapids.\\nFifth District Charles M. Walker, of Lapeer, now of Adrian, who was\\nsucceeded by William M. McConnell, of Pontiac headquartei-s at that\\npoint.\\nSixth District Randolph Strickland, of St. John s headquarters at Flint.\\nThe rendezvous for the reception of drafted men was established at Grand\\nRapids, and was placed in charge of Gen. S. G. Champlin, formerly of 3d\\nMichigan, and remained under his command until disability caused by\\nwounds rendered his continuance on duty impossible. He was relieved by\\nCol. Norman J. Hall, of the 7th Michigan, who was in turn relieved by Col.\\nCharles H. Town, 1st Michigan cavalry.\\nThe rendezvous was continued at Grand Rapids until March 4th, 1864,\\nwhen it was changed to Jackson on account of its central location. Col. G.\\nS. Wormer had charge of it until authorized to raise the 30th infantry, when\\nhe was relieved on the 20th of November following by Gen. L. Cutler, of\\nAVisconsin, Avho continued in command until recruiting for the armies ended.\\nThrough these agencies a general enrollment was made during the sum-\\nmer the following exhibit, is derived from the returns made to Colonel\\nHill, showing the total numbers so enrolled in the State\\nFirst Congressional District.\\nWay no,\\nMoliioc,\\nLonawce,\\nUill6 la)o,\\nWhite Col. Total,\\n6825\\n1K70\\n37.39\\n240 8\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0uyo2\\nISSO\\nS791\\n248 1\\n15132\\nThird Congression.Hl District.\\nre 4143 Eaton,\\n2 lO.SS Innlmr\\n1982 Calhoun,\\n14151 jWrtflitenaw,\\njHckpon,\\nSecond Congressional District.\\nKalaninzoo,\\nt..),.M.|,h,\\nUraiK-h.\\nAlleftan,\\nliori icQ,\\nCass.\\nVim Ilnrfn.\\nTotal,\\n2720\\n2.31)2\\n2II4S\\n1794\\n22U9\\n27R3\\n2322\\n2i)r,i\\n18141 llHXi\\n22f.7 1244\\n1701 S4S\\nIGoS 9iJ9\\n1408017527\\nIS 12, )1\\n6 1101\\n2 1133\\n1015\\nWhite Col. Total\\n1498\\n1579\\n3045\\n3822\\n2990\\n12940\\n_3024\\n13098\\nFifth Congressional District.\\nOakland,\\nLivingston,\\nLapeer,\\n1202: ISani lac,\\nSt. Clair,\\nMacomb,\\nTotalT\\n3798\\n52\\n3S50\\n1814\\nS\\n1822\\n1480\\n12\\n1498\\n909\\n3\\n912\\n2347\\n9\\n2350\\n2008\\n11\\n2079\\n12422\\n95\\n12517\\n1G72\\n784\\n776\\n395\\n1347\\n1183", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS.\\n173\\nFourth Congressional District.\\nSixth\\nCongressional District.\\nKent.\\n2788\\n2795\\n1804\\n7\\n1811\\nClinton,\\n1366\\n1\\n1367\\n7.31\\n731\\nIonia.\\n1772\\nr\\n1778\\n9(14\\n1\\n905\\nShiawassee,\\n1313\\n2\\n1315\\n730\\n730\\nOttawa,\\n1303\\n20\\n1383\\n802\\n3\\n865i\\nGenesee,\\n2375\\n5\\n2380\\n1162\\n1162\\nBarry.\\n1320\\nS\\n1328\\n812\\n3\\n815;\\nGratiot,\\n500\\n5\\n571\\n306\\n306\\nMontcalm,\\nf,22\\n3\\n625\\n201\\n1\\n202!\\nTnscola,\\n050\\n650\\n394\\n394\\n925\\n.3\\n928\\n271\\n271\\nHuron,\\n590\\n590\\n192\\n192\\nOceana,\\n229\\n3\\n232\\n02\\n1\\n93\\nIsabella,\\n153\\n153\\n61\\n61\\n3-12\\n342\\n174\\n1\\n175\\nAlpena,\\n124\\n124\\n45\\n45\\n222\\n2\\n224\\n78\\n7S\\nIosco,\\n58\\n58\\n14\\n14\\nMason,\\n100\\n100\\n31\\n31\\n-Midland,\\n189\\n1\\n190\\n44\\n44\\nManitou,\\nloo\\n100\\n48\\n48\\nliav.\\n934\\n6\\n940\\n324\\n324\\nINS\\n1S8\\n51\\n51\\nii^asinaw.\\n2344\\n4\\n2348\\n1047\\n1047\\nGrand Traverse,\\n2t;:;\\n20\\n91\\n91\\nChipiK.wa,\\n134\\n1\\n135\\n35\\n35\\nSheliovRan,\\n30\\n3G\\n24\\nMarquette,\\n523\\n525\\n86\\n86\\nMackinac.\\n1S4\\nLS4\\n.\u00e2\u0080\u00a2)3\\ni\\nDelta.\\nino\\n1\\n140\\n25\\n25\\nUoiiKhton,\\n642\\n642\\n120\\n120\\nLeelanaw.\\n143\\n143\\n50\\n50\\nICeweenaw,\\n903\\n2\\n905\\n253\\n263\\nDenzic,\\n8.-)\\n85\\n4t)\\n1\\n4-1\\nOntonagon,\\n641\\n1\\n642\\n200\\n200\\nMuske-on,\\n51\\n51\\n10\\n19-\\nMenominee,\\n123\\n123\\n23\\n23\\np;mnii tt,\\n27\\n27\\n15\\n15,\\n10S9i\\n~53\\n5720\\n~is\\n5744J\\nTotal,\\n13628\\n30\\n13658\\n5767\\nTotal.\\n10947\\n5767\\nRecapitulation by Districts.\\nFirst class.\\nSecond class.\\nWhite.\\nColored.\\nTotal.\\n^yhite.\\nColored.\\nTot.il.\\nFirst Congressional District\\nSecond Con,-r. s-ion;il District\\nThird Congirssii.iiiil District\\nFourth Connre.ssiuiiul District\\nFifth Congressional District\\nSixth Congresflioual District\\n14.902\\n14.266\\n12.940\\n10,894\\n12.422\\n13,028\\n230\\n420\\n158\\n53\\n95\\n30\\n15.132\\n14.086\\n13.098\\n10.947\\n12,517\\n13,658\\n8.509\\n7,-527\\n6.235\\n5.726\\n6.144\\n5,767\\n89\\n144\\n54\\nIS\\n13\\n8.598\\n7.071\\n6.2S9\\n5.744\\n6.1.57\\n5,7 07\\nT0t.1l\\n79,052\\n986\\n80,038\\n39,908\\n318\\n40,220\\nOn the completion of the enrollment m each of the several States, a draft\\nwas ordered to be made of one-fifth of the first class so enrolled therein\\nthus number, however, to be subject to such modifications as might be pro-\\nduced by an adjustment of the surplus or deficiency existing in the accounts\\nof each State under previous calls. In other words, a State which had fur-\\nnished more than had been asked for under previous calls of the General\\nGovernment was to be credited with the excess. In making the computa-\\ntions necessary to this adjustment, the term of service and number of men\\nfurnishe(Uwere alike taken into account, and the advantages to the people\\nof the State of the policy which had prevailed of encouraging three years\\nenlistments, at periods when other States were placing nine months or two\\nyears men in the field, became strikingly manifest. A statement sent to\\nthe Adjutant-General s office from the War Department gave, on the 26th\\nof yiay, a surplus to be applied on the impending draft of 4^403 men. It\\nhad been the practice, in the absence of official data from Washington, to\\nestimate the quota of Michigan under the calls of 1861 at 19,500, that being\\nabout the result of calculatit^ns based upon the census returns of population.\\nIt appeared by this statement, however, that the Federal authorities had\\nassumed 21,357 as the apportionment of the State under the call referred\\nto. Nulwithstanding the diminution occasioned by this discovery, the sur-\\nplus credited to us still appeared to be considerably less than was due the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "174\\nHISTORY OF MICIIIGAX DURING THE REBELLION,\\nState according to its own records, and after correspondence and examina-\\ntion the legitimate credit of tlie State was estimated on the 19th of Septem-\\nber at a total, reduced to a three years standard, of 9,518, including such\\nas had been enlisted since the statement of IMay 26th.\\nThe extent of our territory, and the difficulty of communication in some\\npoi-tions of it, Avith other causes perhaj)s, delayed the completion of the en-\\nrollment until the fall. On the 27th of October, a di aft began in the sec-\\nond, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth Congressional districts, and on. the 5th\\nof November in the first the number of enlistments which had been made\\ndown to those dates having been previously added to the credits of the several\\nsub-districts. The upper peninsula was not included in the draft.\\nIn making a draft under the existing law, it was provided that fifty per\\ncent, be added to the number required to cover exemptions, c. the quota\\nactually called for to be taken in the order of numerical precedence from\\nthe whole number drawn. The total number drafted in the State Avas 6,383.\\nOf these, 261 were delivered at the general rendezvous at Grand Rapids,\\n643 furnished acceptable substitutes, (43 of whom deserted before reaching\\nrendezvous,) 1,626 paid each $300 commutation money, 1,596 were exempted\\nfor physical disability, 330 as aliens, 204 for unsuitableness of age, and\\n1,069 failed to re2:)ort. The subjoined table, giving the result in each Con-\\ngressional district, is interesting\\n^J\\nc\\n43\\nu\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2J2\\nw\\nft\\nA\\n13\\ntc\\n-H\\nrJl\\nNumber drafted\\nDrafts delivered at rendezvous\\nDrafts deserted\\nSubstitutes delivered\\nSubstitutes deserted\\nPaid commutation\\nEnlisted in service\\nExempted for physical disability\\nExempted for mental disability\\nExempted as aliens\\nExempted as non-residents\\nExempted, over or under age\\nExempted, only sons of infirm parents,\\nc\\nExempted, fathers of dependent child-\\nren, not twelve years old\\nExempted, having two brothers in ser-\\nvice\\nExempted, in service March 3, 1863..\\nExempted for conviction of felony\\nExempted fur all other causes\\nFailed to report\\n532 1402 1083\\n15 76! 46\\n38\\n1\\n176\\n156\\n97\\n5\\n387\\n472\\n2\\n26\\n41\\n23 51\\n1147\\n61\\n1197\\n16\\n1022\\n53\\n10\\n430\\n30\\n191\\n20 14 14\\n3\\n13\\n1\\n8! 13) 28\\n61 1 165 172\\n281\\n128\\n304\\n1\\n5\\n193\\n351\\n25\\n58\\n254\\n107\\n12\\n45t\\n45\\n10\\n5\\n20\\n241\\n31\\n2\\n294\\n219\\n2\\n85\\n12\\n34\\n6383\\n261\\n3\\n600\\n43\\n1626\\n128\\n1596\\n4\\n330\\n54\\n204\\n29 210\\n16 79\\n4i 33\\n7 1 79\\n4\\n3 60\\n237 1069", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 175\\nThe total amount of money ]iaid to the bounty fund of the General Gov-\\nernment by men taken under this draft, as commutation to secure exemp-\\ntion from personal service, was four himdred and ei j;hty-seven thousand\\neight hundred dollars, ($487,800.)\\nIn October a new system of recruiting was adojjted by the War Depart-\\nment, allowing to persons pro])erly authorized as reci uiting agents $15 for\\neach recruit. Subsequently this allowance was extended to all citizens\\nalike. For the purpose of encouraging volunteer enlistments, Government\\nl)()unties to volunteers were also largely increased 8302 to th(jse going into\\nservice for the first time, and $402 to veterans re-enlisting, while local boun-\\nties of liberal amount were offered in most of the counties.\\nOn the 17th of October, the President of the United States issued a j)roc-\\nlamation calling upon the Governors of the different States to raise and\\nhave enlisted into the United States service for the various companies and\\nregiments in the field from their respective States, their quotas of 300,000\\nmen. It was further proclaimed that the large bounties previously ordered\\nshould be continued to volunteers, and that if any State or district should\\nfail to fill its quota, a draft would l)e made on the 5th of January ensuing,\\nfor the deficiency. The quotas of the several Congressional districts of the\\nState were assigned by the Provost INIarshal- General as f dlows first dis-\\ntrict, 2,137 second district, 2,074; third district, 1,8()1 fourth district,\\n1,545; fifth district, 1,708 sixth district, 1,913\u00e2\u0080\u0094 total for the State, 11,298.\\nThe Governor, ever ready for action when the necessities of the Govern-\\nment required it, desirous of securing a prompt and effective response to the\\ncall of the President, issued a stirring proclamation, of which follows an\\nextract, invoking immediate and energetic action by the people to meet the\\ndemand without a draft\\nThis call is for soldiers to fill the ranks of the regiments in the field\\nthose regiments which by long and gallant service have wasted their num-\\nbers in the same proportion that they have made a distinguished name,\\nboth fur themselves and the State. The people of Michigan will recognize\\nthis as a duty already too long delayed. Our young men, I trust, will\\nhasten to stand beside the heroes of Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg,\\nStone river, and Chicamauga.\\nThe hopes of the rebellion are steadily perishing. The armies of the\\nRepublic are in the midst of their country, and they have not the power to\\nexpel them.\\nFill up the ranks once more, and the next blast of the bugle for an\\nadvance will sound the knell of revolution and herald in the return of\\npeace.\\nFellow-citizens, let us do it willingly, gallantly, joyously. The people of\\n^lichigan have heretofore earned the gratitude of the country by their\\npromjjtness and energy in the support of the Government.\\nThis appeal was received by the people of the State with the same cordial\\nresponse that had characterized their action on all previous demands of the\\nGovernment, and they went to work Avith their usual alacrity and success.\\nThe returns and muster-rolls on file \u00c2\u00abhow that from December 23, 1862,\\ndown to December 31, 1863, there had been mustered thirteen thousand five\\nhundred and sixty-seven, (13,567,) and an aggregate of fifty-three thousand\\nseven hundred and forty-nine (53,749) since the beginning of the war,\\nleaving out of the account all troops disbanded, estimated, and those pay-\\ning commutation, and confining the statement to the men actually put in\\nservice.\\nHaving in our narrative reached the close of 1863, we include the closing", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "176 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nnotice of Michigan troops in the field from the report of the Adjutant-Gen-\\neral of the 8tate for that year, assigning it to its i)roper place at this time:\\nThe war against the rebellion has consumed another year. Loyal States\\nhave furnished quota after quota of men to suj^port it. Michigan has speed-\\nily and cheerfully responded to every call, and fully complied with every\\nrequirement of the Government. Michigan will continue to do so until\\nevery rebel in arms against the Republic shall be defeated and sue for\\npeace. JNIichigan is in earnest in this cause, and seeks no other course but\\nto fight on until a peace is successfully conquered, and until every rebel\\nState is brought into submission to the power of the National Government\\nand is made to acknowledge their allegiance to the Constitution and the\\nlaws of the land. Michigan, as evinced by the patriotism of her citizens at\\nhome and the bravery of her soldiers in the field, is truly loyal, and nobly\\ngives her influence, her means, and the best blood of her people to put down\\nforever this unjust, unreasonable, and selfish rebellion.\\nDuring the present rebellion there have been many encouraging and\\npromising features developed in the prosecution of the war against it that\\nhave indicated its successful and satisfactory termination, but none more\\nforcible, or that will fill a brighter page in its history, or denote more\\nstrongly the determination of the people of the Union to bring this rebellion\\nto a desirable and permanent issue and to sustain and perpetuate the na-\\ntional existence, or that exhibits more love for the Republic and free insti-\\ntutions than the patriotic and glorious tribute voluntarily made to their\\ncountry by the re-enlisted veterans who are now swelling the ranks of the\\ngrand armies. They are returning in masses to their native States, receiv-\\ning the well-deserved blessings and thanks of their country, their families\\nand friends, scattering an influence and a power in behalf of their States\\nand their nation that makes every lover of his native land and his race re-\\njoice in great hopefulness in the future. None can doubt their patriotism.\\nNone can question their honesty of purpose. They are a hope and encour-\\nagement to the loyal and true, and a blight on those who would wilfully\\nsuffer a national disgrace. Michigan, in common with her sister States, is\\nproud of her veteran troops returning to her, as they do, from the hard-\\nfought battles of many fields, scarred, wounded, and weather-beaten glo-\\nrious evidences of faithful service, true bravery, and gallant deeds marks\\nthat endear them to their State and entitle them to a page in the history of\\nher heroes. Having again pledged themselves to defend their Government\\nagainst all its enemies, they are returning to the field, carrying Avith them\\nthe blessings of their friends and the gratitude of their State, again, it nuiy\\nbe, to face the leaden storm from rebel ranks, and to add new laurels to\\nthose already gathered by them on the sanguinary fields of the South and\\nwhile the people praise and bless the living heroes who return to them who\\nhave participated in those scenes of national strife, and will cause their\\nnames to be handed down to future generations as defenders of the freedom\\nof their nation and their race, they will also have a warm ])lace in their\\nmemories for those who return not, but who have passed away amidst those\\nscenes of conflict and bravely given up their lives in the same glorious cause,\\nand long remember them with gratitude and reverence for their devotion\\nand sacrifice, and cause the page of history to record them as amongst the\\ngreatest patriots of their day and as martyrs to the freedom of all nnmkind.\\nThe troops from Michigan have, in common with those from other States,\\nshared in the hardships and dangers of the campaigns of the past year.\\nThey have also shared with them in the glory of their victories, and with\\nthem nobly and courageously sustained the proAvess of the Union arms in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 177\\nevery engagement. Micliigan rejoices at the laurels gathered by the troops\\nfroni otlier 8tates, in common with her own, while gloriously and bravely\\nbattling with hers, as companions in arms on the same fields, and laments\\nthem as companions in death, falling side by side in the cause of their com-\\nmon country; and while she cheerfully extends to the Union troops in\\ngeneral her mete of })raise and gratitude for their bravery in battle, and\\ntheir devotion to the cause of freedom and free institutions, it belongs to her\\nin duty to her own troops, to award to them her especial, grateful acknowl-\\nedgement of her indebtedness to them for the eminent and honorable posi-\\ntion which she has acquired among her sister States in the prosecution of\\nthis war, in vindication of national freedom and Avhile she would not, l)y\\ndetraction from the meritorious and gallant services of other troops, exalt\\nher own, still she is proud to say that no regiment of her gallant sons has,\\nin a single instance, disgraced either itself or tarnished her honoral)le and\\nbright escutcheon but they have been found manfully fighting in the front\\nranTc on every field, and have been trusted and relied upon for efficiency in\\ncases of emergency and great danger, and have been specially distinguished\\nas possessing, in the highest degree, that characteristic so essential to suc-\\ncess in Avar true courage.\\nThe prominent feature in the war operations of 1863 was the important\\nbattle of Gettysburg. That battle, which in effect proclaimed with most\\nterrible force to the monster rebellion Thus fiir hast thou dared to come,\\nbut must advance no farther at thy peril back to thy rebel den hence-\\nforth you can only fight on the defensive, for thy aggressive power is broken,\\nand you must crumble to pieces until thou art dead thy rebel spirit\\ncrushed to atoms, never to rise again.\\nIn tlie beautiful cemetery, where now quietly rest the dead heroes of that\\nterrible strife, lie the bodies of two hundred and twelve (212) brave Michigan\\nmen, being the third largest in nund)ers from any State. Michigan, there-\\nfore, in common- with her sister States, claims a general credit for her troops\\non that occasion, but nothing more the honor is national, not State.\\nThe operations in the field in Virginia during the year closed with the\\nmovement made across the Rapidau by the Army of the Potomac and the\\nassault on the enemy s position at Mine Run, which, after a feeble effort on\\nthe part of the Union forces, resulted in failure, and the recrossing of the\\narmy to its former position. This, of course, neither strengthened the army\\nnor encouraged the hearts of the Northern people neither were the former\\ndisposed to quail under defeat, nor the latter to despair at disappointment.\\nIn the AVest they ended Avith the splendid Union victory at Mission\\nRidge, which so closely followed the terrible assault at Chicamauga, and,\\nin a measure, counteracted the effect of that memorable disaster.\\nThe important event occurring Avith the commencement of 1864 was the\\nreturn of the veterans previously mentioned, who had re-enlisted for\\nan(^ther term of service, and were in turn on furlough and reorganizing\\nwithin the State.\\nThe men of Michigan entitled to re-enlist had availed themselves of the\\nopportunity with great alacrity, and to an extent, in view of the hardships\\nthey had already encountered, that Avas almost surprising.\\nFive thousand five hundred and forty-five of them accepted the propo-\\nsition of the GoA-ernment, entitling the foUoAving organizations to Avhich\\nthev belonged to the designation of A eteran 1st, 2d, and 3d caA alrv\\n2d, 3d, 4th; 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, r2th. 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th regi-\\nments of infantry; the 6th heavy artillery, formerly 6th infantry, and bat-\\nteries **B, C, and E, 1st light artillery, together with 148 of the eugi-\\nL", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "178 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nneers and mechanics. There were also many others in regiments of other\\nStates, for which credits were given to Michigan, although not all made\\navailable, either to the State or the soldiers themselves.\\nThe Legislature, on February 5, 1864, authorized the payment of S50\\nState bounty, from November 11, 1863, to February 4, 1864, to the re-\\nenlisted veterans, and directed the payment of $100 to all soldiers enlisting\\nor re-enlisting after that date, which was continued until May 14th following.\\nTownships, wards, and cities were at this time also empowered by the Legis-\\nlature to raise money by tax for the purpose of paying bounties to volun-\\nteers, not exceeding two hundred dollars to each soldiei\\nAt the commencement of this year there was pending the call of the\\nPresident, of October 17th, for Michigan s quota of 300,000 men, assigned\\nat 11,298.\\nOn the 1st of February the following order was issued from Washington\\nExecutive Mansion, February 1, 1864.\\nOrdered That a draft for five hundred thousand men, to serve for three\\nyears or during the war, be made on the tenth day of March next, for the\\nmilitary service of the United States, crediting or deducting therefrom so\\nmany as may have been enlisted or drafted into the service prior to the first\\nday of March, and not heretofore credited.\\nABRAHAM LINCOLN.\\nThe practical interpretation of this order by the Provost IMarshal-General\\nmade this merely an extension of the call of October 17, to the amount of\\n200,000 men, or, in other words, a new call of that number.\\nOn the 14th of March ensuing, the President made an additional order\\nfor two hundred thousand men, designating the 15th day of April as the\\ntime up to which the quotas could be raised by voluntary enlistments, and\\nas soon after that date as practicable a draft should be made for the deficit\\non both calls.\\nAn act, approved July 4th, of this year, authorized the President to\\naccept volunteers for one, two, or three years, at the option of tlie recruit,\\nand limited the term of men drafted to fill deficiencies under the President s\\ncalls, to one year. The commutation system was also abolished, as had\\npreviously been the distinction of classes as regards age, which had been\\nmade in the fii st enrollment act.\\nOn the 18th of July the President, under authority of this act, issued a\\nproclamation calling for 500,000 men, and directing that credits be allowed\\nto States in the reduction of their quotas for all the men furnished for the\\nmilitary service in excess of all previous calls, and that volunteers be ac-\\ncepted for one, two, or three years, as they might elect; and further, that\\nimmediately after the 5th day of September a draft for troops to serve for\\none year should be made for deficiencies existing at that date.\\nThe appearance of this call received a prompt response on the part of the\\nGovernor, who immediately issued his i)roclamation calling for early and\\nearnest efforts to meet the Presidential requisition upon the people of this\\nState, and pointing out in explicit terms the readiest and most feasible plans\\nof doing so. The proclamatiim, which belongs to the history of Michigan,\\nfinds a proper place here\\nThe President of the United States, in pursuance of a law of Congress,\\nhas issued his call for five hundred thousand (500,000) volunteers for the\\nmilitary service, and has directed that immediately after the 5th day of\\nSeptember, 1864, a draft of troops, to serve for one year, shall be held in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 170\\nevery town or suh-clistrict, to fill the quota which shall be assigned to it,\\nwhich shall remain unfilled on the said 5th day of September, 18G4.\\nI believe this call to have been eminently proper and necessary for the\\npublic service, and being such, to demand the patriotic, earnest, and hearty\\nresponse of the people. That it will l)e met in the same spirit that has put.\\nMichigan thus far largely in excess of all previous calls, there can be no\\ndoubt. The rebellion, as it approaches its final overthrow, grows steadily\\nmore desperate, wicked, and hateful. Covered with the blood of patriots,\\ncursed with the dying breath of starved prisoners, and abhorred by all good\\nmen for its barbarous butcheries of the unarmed who have ceased to fight,\\nit must perish utterly. The people of this State, remembering their past\\nsacrifices only as an additional motive to gi*eater exertions in the future, will,\\nI know, enter upon this present duty with the activity and energy which\\ndoes not admit of failure.\\nThe quota assigned to the State is eighteen thousand two hundred and\\neighty-two, (18,282,) of which only a little over twelve thousand (12,000)\\nremain to be recruited, or drafted if the recruiting fails. For the purpose\\nof filling the quota, only two resources are available, viz: 1st. Recruiting\\nin the States declared to be in reliellion, under the act of July 4th, except\\nthe States of Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana and 2d. Recruiting among\\nour own people. The first of these, I believe, Avill bo found of no substantial\\nvalue to us at present, for obvious reasons. The points at which this recruit-\\ning is to be carried on are so remote that the period of fifty days will not\\nbe sufficient to enable agents to accomplish very much during that time,\\nand they would meet the active competition of the older States, paying\\nmuch larger bounties than our laws enable us to do. I shall not, therefore,\\nappoint any such agents to be paid by the State, but will, under proper\\nregulations, appoint such agents for the benefit of any counties, towns, or\\nsub-districts which may request it, paying the expenses of the agencies for\\nthemselves. They will, of course, also be entitled to the credits. This\\ncourse is also justified by the fact that the State has no funds appropriated\\nby law for this purpose.\\nSubstantially, then, our only resource will be that which has always here-\\ntofore been found sufficient, the patriotism of our own people.\\nRecruits will be allowed to enlist for one, two, or three years, as they may\\nprefer, and as fiir as practicable each recruit may select the regiment in\\nwhich he will enlist. This will always be allowed in the regiments in the\\nfield, so long as such regiments are below the maximum number. As an\\ninducement to enlist, the Government of the United States will pay a bounty\\nof one hundred dollars to recruits enlisting for one year, two hundred dol-\\nlars fi)r those enlisting for two years, and three hundred for those enlisting\\nfor three year.?. Such local bounties will be paid as the pci^ple of the sev-\\neral towns, wards, and sub-districts may authorize in pursuance of law. No\\nState bounty can be paid, for the reason that the appropriation made for\\nthat purpose is exhausted. For the purpose of aiding the recruiting service\\nand giving direction to the public eff.)rts, six new regiments will be auth()r-\\nized, one of them being located in each Congressional district, and I will\\nreceive all the new companies that may be ottered during tlie fifty days of\\nrecruiting. All the recruit offered for the new regiments and compani s,\\nhowever, must be enlisted for three years or during the war. Those who\\nenlist for a shorter term than three years will go into the regiments now in\\nthe field.\\nI earnestly recommend to all those who enlist under this call, whether in\\nthe new organizations or the old ones, to do so for the war. ThLs State has", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "180 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthus far raised no troops for a less term than three years. Both for the\\nGovernment and the soldier the longest term is (he best. Let us continue\\nto adhere to this policy, which has given us a most honorable position in the\\nservice, and the reputation of the Michigan soldiery, Avhich is now unsur-\\npassed, will continue to grow.\\nThe work of filling up the quota of the State is for the people. The close\\nof the war visibly approaches, and the sure triumph of the Union cause\\ngrows manifest.\\nOur troops are now led by tried and victorious generals, leaving nothing\\nto be desired in that direction. Conquering Union armies are in the very\\nmidst of the Confederacy, progressing steadily towards the final victory.\\nLet the people of the country stand firmly by the lawful Government, and\\nthey can safely meet Avhat is to come.\\nImmediately following this proclamation orders were promulgated from\\nthe Adjutant-General s ofiice authorizing the recruitment of six regiments,\\none in each Congressional district, permission therefor having been received\\nfrom the War Department.\\nOn the 26th of July, Col. J. W. Hall was authorized to reorganize the\\n4th infantiy, the term of service of which had expired and the regiment\\nmustered out of service. The rendezvous of the regiment Avas located at\\nAdrian, where the old 4th was organized, and Col. Hall was made com-\\nmandant of the camp, with the first district for his operations.\\nOn the 29th of the same month, orders were issued to reorganize the 3d\\ninfantry, whose term had also expired. Col. M. B. Houghton, Avho Avas\\nconnected with the old organization, Avas entrusted Avith the charge of rais-\\ning the new regiment, and its camp Avas placed at Grand Rapids, Avith the\\nfourth district for the field of its recruiting.\\nOn the same day the sixth district Avas provided for by the appointment\\nof Hon. John F. Driggs to take charge of the organization of a ncAV regi-\\nment therein, to be called the 31st infantry, with its headquarters at Sagi-\\nnaw.\\nA regiment for the third district, to be called the 29th infantry, aa us, on\\nthe 9th of August, authorized to be raised at Marshall, Avith Hon. S. S. Lacey\\nfor commandant of camp.\\nIn the second district, Hon. W. B.Williams, of Allegan, AA as, on the 15th\\nof August, entrusted with the organization of the 28th infantry, Avith the\\ncamp at Kalamazoo.\\nOn the 24th of August, Major John Atkenson, of the 22d infantry, was\\nauthorized to raise and organize the 30th infantry, its rendezvous to be at\\nPontiac.\\nThe exigencies of the services did not permit the complete organization\\nof these regiments before the enforcement of the impending draft.\\nScA^en companies, Avhich had been raised for the 30th at Pontiac, Avere\\ndistributed betAA ceu the 3d and 4th, four companies going to the former and\\nthree to the latter, and the organization of the 30th Avas abandoned.\\nTlie 3d, thus reinforced, completed its organization at once, and being\\nmustered in Avitli 879 officers and men, left camp for Nashville, October 20.\\nThe 4th also Avas, by the same means, enabled to take the field, (A\\\\diere a\\nnumlicr of men belonging to the old organization, Avhose terms Avere unex-\\npired, yet remained,) and left the State Avitli, 72G officers and men on the\\n22(1 of the same month, also fin- Nashville.\\nThe 28th and 29th Avere cons(^lidated into one regiment, designated as the\\n28th, Avhich, after completing its organization at Kalamazoo, took its route\\nthence for Nashville, October 26, Avith 886 officers and men.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 181\\nThe Sixth District regiment completed its orgauization from its own ter-\\nritory, and was the first of the new regiments to leave the kState, having\\nbroken camp at Saginaw and taken its departure for Nashville on the Gtli\\nof October, with 854 officers and men. The regiments originally known as\\nthe 30th and 29th, having been consolidated with others, as mentioned above,\\nthis regiment was numbered the 29th.\\nRecruiting haviug been prosecuted with more or less vigor throughout the\\nState, a draft took place on the 10th of June to fill deficiencies under all\\nformer calls, including that of October 17, 1863, and those of February 1\\nand March 14, 1864, which was followed by supplementary drafts in sub-\\ndistricts which the principal draft failed to fill. And again, on the 20th of\\nSeptember, there was another draft to supply deficiencies under the call of\\nJuly 18 and those which remained under the calls preceding it.\\nThe results of the efforts made during the first ten months of the year in\\nthe several counties of this State to fill the armies of the United States, both\\nby enlistment and by draft, are as follows The number of volunteers en-\\nlisted in the army, 20,041 the number of men drafted, 1,956 the number\\nof veterans re-enlisted, 5,445 the number of men enlisted in the navy, 430\\nthe total credits in numbers, 27,972 the numbers credited on each term of\\nservice from the 1st of January to the 31st of October, 1864 one year,\\n5,002; two years, 39 three years, 22,931.\\nThe men who paid commutation, as provided by laws in force previous to\\nJuly 4th, are included among the drafised men to the number of 356.\\nIt is shown in this exhibit that the total number of men raised in the State\\nbetween the 1st of January and 31st of October, 1864, including drafted\\nmen commuting, was 27,972 deduct men commuting, 356 total number\\nof men actually raised during the ten months mentioned, 27,616.\\nThe report of the Adjutant-General s department for 1863 showed that\\nthe actual number of men furnished by the State from the beginning of the\\nwar to December 31, 1863, was 53,749 the number furnished during the\\nfirst ten months of 1864, as shown above, is 27,616 making a total to No-\\nvember 1, 1864, of 81,365. The true credit of the State, as represented at\\nthe War Department, up to the last date mentioned, is obtained by adding\\nthe number of men commuting, viz 1,982 showing the total credit of the\\nState to be, 83,347.\\nThe striking tact is exhibited by these figures that during ten months\\nonly of 1864 the State of JNIichigan had furnished more than half as many\\nmen for the service as were sent from the State during the whole of the first\\nthree years of the war, and of this large number of men actually furnished\\nonly 1,600 were drafted.\\nThe system of preserving records of credits by sub-districts, required by\\nthe laws for enrolling and calling out the national forces, did not become\\npractically operative until the 19th of September, 1863. In the books of\\nthe War Department enlistments made previous to that date were entered\\nto the credit of the State at large. All that had been made after that were\\nplaced directly to the credit of the sub-district furnishing them.\\nApproximate number of troops furnished by the State prior to November\\n1st, 1864: Credits from January 1st to October 31st,_1864, 27,972; enlist-\\nments prior to January 1, 1864, 49,793 additional enlistments not included\\nin above from January 1, 1864, 2,026 aggregate October 31, 1864, 79,791.\\nThis statement does not include the three month s infantry, IMichigan com-\\npanies in regiments of other States, and some 2,000 additional sohlicrs whose\\nresidence could not be ascertained.\\nThe above aggregate is somewhat smaller than the aggregate shown in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "182\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nprevious statements to have been furnished, and the difference is caused by\\nthe number enlisting in the earlier stages of the war whose residence Avas\\nnot reported or could not be obtained. The entire three mouths regiment\\nenlisting in 1861 is for this cause omitted from the figures of the statement.\\nThe term of service of the 11th infantry having expired during the\\nmonth of September, 1864, a desire was manifested by some of the officers\\nof that regiment to renew its organization. Orders were issued accordingly,\\non the 3d of that month, and authority given to Col. Wm. L. Stoughton to\\ncommand the camp of rendezvous at Sturgis.\\nOn the 3d of November, Major-General Hooker, commanding the Depart-\\nment, being here on a personal inspection, I ecommended to the Secretary of\\nWar, that in view of the exposed condition of the frontier, then threatened\\nby outlaws and their sympathizers in Canada, and the limited number of\\ntroops posted for its defence, a regiment of volunteers for twelve months be\\nraised in the State for duty along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers. De-\\nspatches investing the Governor with authority for this purpose were the\\nnext day received from Washington, and on the 7th orders were issued to\\norganize the BOth Infantry, with its rendezvous at Jackson. In acting upon\\napplications for authority to raise companies and parts of companies for this\\nregiment, preference was given to those who had seen service. On the 22d,\\nLieut. Col. G. S. Wormer, of the 8th cavalry, was appointed colonel of the\\n30th, and commandant of camp. Its rendezvous and headquarters were,\\non the 10th December, removed to Detroit.\\nThe approach of the winter caused no abatement of the activity of the\\nUnion armies nor checked the increasing magnitude of their operations.\\nTo meet the necessities of the gigantic campaigns then going forward under\\nthe direction of the Lieuteuant-Geueral, the President on the 19th of Decem-\\nber issued a call for 300,000 men to supply a deficiency on the call of the\\n18th of July, and directing that should the quotas assigned not be filled be-\\nfore the fifteenth day of February following, a draft should be made for\\nthe deficiency then existing.\\nThe enrollment of the State was carefully corrected and adjusted by the\\nBoards in the several sub-districts, and the quotas assigned to each.\\nThe enrollment of the counties, with their respective quotas under the\\ncall, are exhibited in the following table\\nCounties.\\nEnrollment,\\nDec. 31, 64.\\nQuota, call of\\nDec 19, 64.\\nCounties.\\nEnrollment,\\nDec 31, 64.\\nQuota, call of\\nDec 19, 64.\\nAllegan\\n1,472\\n80\\n49\\n2,220\\n2,439\\n1,14(J\\n528\\n120\\n59\\n1,467\\n3,174\\n1,347\\n35\\n1,527\\n21\\n206\\n5\\n10\\n250\\n317\\n165\\n25\\n26\\n66\\n174\\n472\\n57\\n234\\n2\\nGr. Traverse...\\nGenesee\\n181\\n1,954\\n375\\n2,728\\n780\\n213\\n1,708\\n1,813\\n123\\n30\\n3,135\\n2,905\\n1,158\\n2,661\\n87\\n38\\n86\\n60\\nHillsdale\\nHoughton\\n218\\n271\\nBarry\\n61\\nBay\\nIngham\\nIonia\\n279\\nBenzie\\n213\\nChippewa\\nCass\\nIsabella\\n15\\nCalhoun\\nJackson\\nKalamazoo\\nKeweenaw\\nKent\\nLeelanaw\\nCarried forw d\\n420\\n327\\n589\\nEmniel\\n18\\n35,444\\n4.911", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS.\\n183\\nCounties.\\nBrt forw d..\\nLenawee\\nLivingston\\nLapeer\\nMonroe\\nMontcalm\\nMuskegon\\nMecosta\\nMason\\nManitou\\nManistee\\nMackinaw\\nMidland\\nMenominee\\nMarquette and\\nScli lcraft\\nEnrollment,\\nDec 31, 64.\\nQuota, call of\\nDec 19, 64\\n5,444\\n4,911\\n4,787\\n439\\n1,619\\n206\\n1,300\\n134\\n1,613\\n198\\n527\\n80\\n407\\n63\\n102\\n15\\n49\\n13\\n28\\n7\\n122\\n5\\n87\\n19\\n149\\n5\\n69\\n32\\n182*\\nCounties.\\nMacomb\\nNewago\\nOttawa\\nOceana\\nUntonagon\\njOakland\\niSt. Clair\\njSheboygan\\njSt. Joseph\\nSaginaw\\nSanilac\\nShiawassee\\nTuscola\\nVan Buren.\\nWashtenaw\\nWayne\\nTotal\\nEnrollment\\nDec 31, 64.\\n2,018\\n299\\n1,436\\n212\\n476\\n3,644\\n1,895\\n35\\n2,209\\n2,160\\n573\\n1,161\\n552\\n1,540\\n3,687\\n9,574\\n77,999\\nQuota, call of\\nDec 19, 64.\\n57\\n189\\n31\\n316\\n471\\n222\\n4\\n323\\n130\\n71\\n63\\n20\\n205\\n503\\n871\\nThe end of operations in 1864 found the army of the Potomac in the\\ntrenches before Petersburg holding Lee as in a trap, Sherman s army in pos-\\nsession of Savannah, and Thomas successful in Tennessee.\\nThis memorable year was fraught with great results to the nation, effected\\nby the unparalleled fighting of hosts of men, wading deep in human blood\\nthrough carnage dense.\\nThe day and night advances of Grant s army on Richmond were to the\\nNorthern people movements producing intense anxiety, strong hope, fervent\\nprayers for success, and sorrow and sadness for the patriots passing away.\\nThe desperate advance of Hood on Nashville had been most successfully\\nmet by General Thomas, his army completely defeated, routed, and driven\\nin hot haste southward in a most demoralized condition.\\nGeneral Sherman had gallantly driven the enemy from beyond Chatta-\\nnooga and onwards, had battered down his strong works at Atlanta, then\\nbidding farewell to his friends, and placing both flanks of his noble army\\nin air, swung off for the sea, leaving the nation in great ignorance and\\nintense uneasiness as to his movements and safety, and is first heard from in\\nthe dispatch of General Howard, of his army, saying We have had per-\\nfect success, and the army in fine spirits; and then by General Sherman\\nhimself, sending to Abraham Lincoln a telegram covering the capture of\\nSavannah as a Christnuis present.\\nThe State of Michigan commenced 1865 with that determination to\\ncrush out the rebellion which had characterized her soldiers and people so\\nfar during the war, as expressed through the Legislature in the following\\nresolution, included among the joint resolutions on the state of the Union,\\napproved JNIarch 21, 1865\\nResolved by the Senate and House of liepresentatires of the State of Michi-\\ngan, That in the name, and in behalf of the people of the State of i\\\\Iichi-\\ngan, we hereby re-affirm the devotion of this Commonwealth to the Consti-\\ntution and Government of the United States, and the earnest determination\\nof its people to do everything in their power to support and sustain the\\nNational Administration, in all measures fi)r the vigorous prosecution of the\\nexisting war, the utter overthrow of armed rebellion, and the punislnnent\\nof traitors, until a permanent peace shall be secured, based upon the sub-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "184 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nmission of the rebels, the supremacy of the Government, and the establish-\\nment of the Federal Union in all its integrity, one and inseparable,\\nthroughout the entire land.\\nThe troops from Michigan, while absent from their homes, honoring their\\nState in the field in these important campaigns, were never forgotten by the\\nExecutive, nor by the people. Governor Blair, in his message delivered to\\nthe Legislature, January 4, 1865, greets them most affectionately from the\\nCapitol of the State, on vacating the chair which he had so well filled,\\nand highly honored Avith distinguished ability and efiiciency during the\\nyears of the war that had passed. Who, in the administration of his\\nexecutive duties, had been so devoted to the best interests of his State, and\\nso true and loyal to his country, so fair and clear in all his public acts, so\\nuntiring in the discharge of his arduous and perplexing duties, so emi-\\nnently pure in his private life, and so thoughtful at all times of the soldier\\nin the field, that his ofiicial career had been deservedly marked with great\\npopularity among the troops, as well as with the entire people. The Gov-\\nernor alluded to them in the following iieautiful and kindly language\\nGentlemen: Again and for the last time, I commend the Michigan\\ntroops to your continued care and support. They have never failed in\\ntheir duty to the country or to the State. Upon every great battle-field of\\nthe war their shouts have been heard and their sturdy blows have been\\ndelivered for the Union and victory. Their hard-earned fame is the\\ntreasure of every household in the State, and the red blood of their veins\\nhas been poured out in large measure to redeem the rebellious South from\\nits great sin and curse. At this hour they stand under the flag of their\\ncountry, far away from home, in every quarter where the enemy is to be\\nmet along the banks of the father of waters, in the great city at its\\nmouths, on the Arkansas, in the captured forts of the Gulf, by the waters\\nof the Cumberland, the Tennessee, and of the Savannah, in the cliief city\\n3f the Empire State of the South, among the conquering colunuis in the\\nValley of the Shenandoah, and in the trenches under the eye of the\\nLieutenant-General in the great leaguer of Petersburg and Richmond.\\nAlas, that they are also perishing of cold and hunger, and disease, in the\\nfilthy rebel prisons anU pestilential camps of the South. In every situation\\ntheir bravery has won the approval of their conunauders, and their heroic\\nendurance of hardships has added lustre to their name. It is my sole\\nregret at ([uittingoftice that I part with them. ^ly earnest efforts for their\\ngood shall fi)llow them while I live, and now from this place I bid them\\nhail, and farewell\\nDuring that session of the Legislature the following concurrent resolu-\\ntions were passed\\nWhereas the Hon. Austin Blair, whose valedictory message was delivered\\nto this Lrgislature on tlie fifth of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-five,\\nhas retired to private life;\\nAnd whereas the four years of his administration have been the most\\nlaborious, as well as the most perilous in the history both of the State and\\nof the nation, with eleven of the most Southern States banded together in\\nthe most unjustifiable rebellion that the world has ever known\\nAnd wlicreas Governor Blair s administrati(m has been mai ked by emi-\\nnent al)ility, rare integrity, and unsurpassed success, as shown by the enlist-\\nments and organization into companies, regiments, and batteries, in tiie most\\nperfect military order, of over eighty thousand men, as brave, true, and\\npatriotic as ever bared their breasts to any foe therefore\\nEe^olved, (the Senate concurring,) That the tlianks of the people of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 185\\nMichigan, through this Legislature, are hereby cordially tendered to ex-\\nGoveruor Blair, for the able and satisfactory manner in Avhich he has,\\nduring his administration of the last four years, been able to conduct the\\naffairs of the government of the State.\\nFollowing Governor Blair, Henry H. Crapo took the executive chair,\\nbringing to the service of the State and the nation strong and inherent pa-\\ntriotism, great ability, scrupulous honesty of purpose, and a most remark-\\nable and pre-eminenl degree of })hysical and mental energy, with almost con-\\ntinuous applicati(m, giving his administration great efficiency and much pop-\\nularity. The Governor, in his inaugural message delivered to the Ijcgisla-\\nture, referring to the jMichigan troops in the field, for whom he always en-\\ntertained the most profound respect and the highest appreciation of their\\nvaluable services, says, with nmch eloquence and feeling, while alkuling to\\nthe great loss of life among them and of the cause in which they were then\\nstill engaged\\nThis is indeed a feai ful sacrifice to be made even in the cause of liberty,\\njustice, and humanity, and fearful is the penalty and terrible is the suffer-\\ning which the authors and leaders of treason and rebellion deserve and must\\nendure as a just consequence of this enormous crime. These brave men\\nthe JMichigan troops are worthy of all praise. I commend them to your\\nwarmest sympathies, to your highest regards, to your active support. They\\nhave done heroic deeds on every battle-field they have won a name for\\nundaunted courage in every conflict with a deadly and persistent foe they\\nhave endured hardships and privations w ithout a murmur, and their loyalty\\nand patriotism have never yet been tarnished. Those who have fallen upon\\nthe battle-field or on the march, or have died in hospitals who nt)W sleep\\nin death, martyrs to the cause of human freedom our gratitude, our sym-\\npathies can never reach. But of those who sufler through loss of them, and\\nof those brave veterans who yet survive, we should ever be mindful. A\\nnation s gratitude should ever be theirs and justice, at least, should be\\ntheir reward.\\nAlthough the rebellion, involving a civil war of unparalleled magni-\\ntuile, which was inaugurated at the close of the administi-ation of James\\nBuchanan by conspirators and traitors for the yverthrow of our Govern-\\nment, still aims its blows at the dismemberment of the Union, causing the\\ndevastation of portions of our fiiir land, depleting the National Treasury,\\nand destroying many of our best, most loyal, and patriotic men, the efforts\\nfor its suppression continue to be prosecuted with undiminished vigor and\\nwith unfaltering purpose and the events of the past year have served but\\nto increase our confidence in the permanency and power of our rejiublican\\ninstitutions. The nation, it is true, has been sorely tried, yet it has exhib-\\nited strength and resources far beyond the most sanguine hopes of its friends\\nwhile its enemies, both at home and abroad, have been compelled to confess\\ntheir disap{)ointment.\\nNor were they forgotten by the Legislature of the State for on the 22d\\nof February, LSGo, that body passed the following concurrent resolution:\\nResolved by the House of Representatives, (the Senate concurring,) That on\\nthis anniversary of the birthday of the Father of his Country the thanks of\\nthis Legislature, and through us of the people of the State, are hereby ten-\\ndered to the soldiers of Michigan who promptly responded to the call of\\ntheir country in its time of })eril and who by their fortitude and soldierly\\n])earing under the privations and hardships of a S()ldier s life, in camj) and\\nfield, through march and siege, and by their indomitable bravery and hero-\\nL*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "186 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nism on scores- of battle-fields, have won exalted honor to themselves and\\ncrowned with unfading glory the name and fame of Michigan.\\nWith the great increase of Government, State, and local bounties in 1864\\ncommenced the decrease of patriotism among the masses outside of the armies\\nin the field, and which continued to lessen and lessen, and at the commence-\\nment of 1865 was not held out as any part of the inducements to enter the\\nservice, enlistments had become a matter of bargain and sale, dollars and\\ncents entirely ruling the action.\\nOn January 1st, 1865, the 11th regiment of infantry was in process of\\nrecruitment, and the organization of the oOth, designed for duty on the\\nMichigan frontier, was completed on the 9th and mustered into service with\\nthe maximum number, and at once assigned to duty along the Detroit and\\nSt. Clair rivers, with headquarters at Detroit. Little progress, however, had\\nbeen made in filling up the 11th until February, when vigorous measures\\ntoward that end were adopted, and on the 4th of March four companies left\\ncamp at Jackson for Nashville, Tennessee. On the 18th of the same month\\nthe remaining six companies had completed their organization, and on that\\nday also took the route to Nashville, in command of Col. P. H. Keegan, the\\nmuster-in rolls of the regiment showing a strength of 898 ofiicers and men.\\nOn February 4th, 1865, the Legislature authorized the payment of $150\\nState bounty, which continued to be paid until the 14th of May following.\\nTownships were empowered at the same time to pay a bounty of 6100, which\\nwas paid until recruiting ceased in the State.\\nThe successful operations of the United States armies having brought the\\nwar to a close by the utter overthrow of the rebel forces early in the spring\\nof 1865, orders were at once issued to abandon all pending measures for the\\nre-enforcement of the national arms, and recruiting, as well as operations\\nunder the di aft, ceased on the 14th of April. Previous to that date and\\nsubsecpient to the 1st of November, 1864, there had been raised in this State\\n9,382 recruits, of whom 7,547 voluntarily enlisted in the iirmy and 53 in\\nthe navy, and 1,782 were drafted, as will appear in the records:\\nThe following is a general summary of results, showing aggregate num-\\nbers of the credits allowed to each county in the State from the beginning\\nto the close of the war, J865 Allegan, 2,175 Antrim, 28 Alpena, 58\\nBarry, 1,625; Benzie, 70; Bav, 511; Branch, 2,776; Berrien, 3,179;\\nCass, 1,832; Calhoun 3,878; Clinton, 1,606; Cliippcwa, 21; Delta, 24;\\nEmmet, 39; EaUm, 1,741; Genesee, 2,518; Gratiot, 646; Grand Traverse,\\n171; Hillsdale, 2,928; Houghton, 460; Huron, 342; Ingham, 2,097 Ionia,\\n2,464; Isabella, 137; Iosco, 27; Jackson, 3,232; Keweenaw, 119 Kent,\\n4,214; Kalamazoo, 3,221 Livingstcm, 1,887; Lenawee, 4,437 LeclanaAV,\\n98; Lapeer, 1,776; Monroe, 2,270; Montcalm, 640; Macomb, 2,360;\\nMenominee, 19 Marquette and Sclioolcraft, 265 Muskegon, 73(5 JMocosta,\\n159; Mason 59; Manitou, 10; .Manistee, 88; Mackinac, 47; ]\\\\Iid hind, 129;\\nNewaygo, 412 Ontonagon, 254 Oakland, 3,718 Oceana, 223 Ottawa,\\n1,547; Shiawassee, 1,753 Cheboygan, 31 St. Joseph, 2,836 Sanilac, 781;\\nSt. Clair, 2,581 Saginaw, 2,039 Tuscola, 664 Van Buren, 1,884 AVash-\\ntenaw, 4,084; Wayne, 9,213 total, 89,173.\\nThe sum paid into the Treasury Department of the LTnited States by\\ndrafted citizens of Michigan as commutation money was $594,600.00.\\nThe product of soldiers and credits yicliK d by the several counties is in\\nits aggregate, as previously intimated, below the total number known to\\nhave been furnished by the State, and tlie difference is caused by the num-\\nber enlisting in the earlier regiments whose residence could not be ascer-\\ntained.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 187\\nThe reports of the Adjutant-Geueral s Department at the close of 1864\\nshowed that the actual number of men furnished by Michigan from the be-\\nginning of the war to November 1, 18G4, was 81,365\\nAdd the number of men commuting 1,982\\nAnd the total credits to that time were 83,347\\nThe number of men credited by enlistment and draft from Novem-\\nber 1, 1864, to the close of the war was 9,382\\nMaking the total credits of the State, from April, 1861, to April,\\n1865, the entire period of the war, as shown by the records of\\nthis office 92,729\\nDeductincj from this airffrcffate the number of men commuting 1,982\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2oo-\\nThere is left a total of numbers actually furnished in men of 90,747\\nThese figures do not include men enlisted in regiments of other States,\\nand are believed to be substantially correct. There is a discrepancy, how^-\\never, between them and the tables of the War Department, as will be seeu\\nby the subjoined letter from the Provost Marshal-General\\nWar Department,\\nProvost Marshal-General s Office, y\\nWashington, D. C, Sept. 2, 1865.\\nHis ExceUencxj II. H. Crapo, Governor of Michigan, Lan ing\\nSir: I have the honor to inform you that the number of men furnished\\n))y the State of Michigan, from April 17, 1861, to April 30, 1865, is ninety\\nthousand and forty-eight, (90,048,) without reference to periods of service,\\nwhich varied from three months to three years.\\nI have the honor to be, sir.\\nVery respectfully,\\nYour obedient servant,\\nJAMES B. FRY,\\nProvost Marshal-General.\\nThe most popular and effective mode of raising men for the national armies\\nthroughout the war proved in ]\\\\Iichigau to be the system of recruiting volun-\\nteers. This system gave to the Union armies their main sup])ort. Drafting\\nor conscripting in Michigan did not produce satisfactory results in any re-\\nspect, while volunteering was popuhir and successful.\\nThe drafted man, without reason, looks at his })osition as stripping him\\nof individuality and patriotism, and as making him a mere machine in the\\nhands of the law. This is wrong and unreasonable in him. The nation\\nrecognizes no difference between the faithful services rendered the country\\nby the drafted from that of the volunteer soldier, and there should be none;\\nneither should there be any difference in his condition or standing in the\\narmy, and there really is iu)ne, except that created in the mind of the cou-\\nscri])t himself. The faithful services rendered in defence of his country by\\nthe drafted man are equally acceptable and profitable to the nation and as\\ncreditable and praiseworthy to himself as those rendered by the volunteer.\\nBut it seems impossible to divest the mind of the conscript that in allowing\\nhimself to be drafted he has not robbed himself of his patriotism, and that\\nhe is considered, both at home and in the service, as an unwilling defender\\nof his nation.\\nConscripts, as well as the people, should recognize the truth that every", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "188 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nnation must possess the power under its laws to compel its citizens to fight\\nin its defence and to protect and secure its national existence against all its\\nenemies either at home or abroad and this power must be carried into ef-\\nfect, when necessary, by draft or conscription, and if properly and fairly\\nexercised under existing laws, should not be considered by them as an odious\\nor unjust measure, but should be sustained and carried fully into effect\\nwhen the necessities of the country demand it; but such is not the case.\\nThe conscription, as a general thing, is evaded, when possible, by the\\nloyal as well as by the disloyal to a certain extent, as every man coming\\nwithin its reach seems to object to it. The rich man puts it at defiance un-\\nder the law with his money, and the poor man evades it, when he can, with\\nhis infirmities. Communities, while truly loyal, will make voluntary sub-\\nscriptions to raise money to supply commutation to secure their citizens\\nagainst the operations of the draft, even if the exigencies of the service should\\nbe ever so urgent, and almost at the same time, with exemplary loyalty and\\npatriotism, will in like manner make similar contributions to procure volun-\\nteers to fill deficiencies caused by this action of theirs. The influence, en-\\nergy, and means of the people, and the arguments and admonition of the\\npress, have been used to raise men to avoid it as if it were a pu])lic calamity\\nto be dreaded and avoided if possible, and hence its unpopulai ity.\\nWith the surrender of the rebel army, under General Lee, on the 9th of\\nApril, 1865, and the subsequent surrender of General Johnston s army, in\\nthe same month, the war which had been waged against the Union ended,\\nand soon after the troops belonging to the various States began to leave the\\nfield.\\nThe Michigan troops being among the first to receive orders, the 20th\\nregiment arrived in the State June 4, 1805, and others followed in succes-\\nsion, down to June 10, 1866, when the 3d and 4th regiments of infantry\\nreached the State, being the last belonging to the State to leave the fiohl.\\nOn tlie 14th of June, 1865, Governor Crapo issued the following procla-\\nmation of thanks to the returning Michigan troops, which properly belongs\\nto the military history of the State\\nMichigan soldiers officeks and men In the hour of nationtd\\ndanger and peril, when the safety when the very existence of your\\ncountry was imperilled, you left your firesides, your homes, and your fam-\\nilies, to defend the Government and the Union. But the danger is now\\naverted, the struggle is ended, and victory absolute and comjjlete victory\\nhas perched upon your banners. You have conquered a glorious i)eace,\\nand are tlicreby permitted to return to your liomes and to the pursuits of\\ntranquil industry, to which I now welcome you And, not only for my-\\nself, but for the people of the State, do I tender you a most cordial greet-\\ning.\\nCitizen soldiers Recognized by the institutions of the land as freemen\\nas American citizens, that proudest of all political distinctions and pos-\\nsessing, in common with every citizen, the elective franchise, which confers\\nthe riglit to an exercise of the sovereign power, you had become so iden-\\ntified and engrossed with the national enterprise and prosperity derived\\nfrom the untrammeled privileges of republican freedom, that the enemies\\nof those institutions, in their ignorance of the principles upon which they\\nare founded, madly and foolishly believed that you were destitute of man-\\nhood. They supposed you had become so debased l)y continued toil as to\\nbe devoid of every noble impulse. They imagined that you were cowards\\nand cravens, and that by the thrcatenings alone of a despotic and tyrannical", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 189\\noligarchy you could not only be subdued, but robbed of your inheritance\\nof freedom of your birthright of liberty those glorious and priceless lega-\\ncies from your patriotic sires. Through the vilest treachery and the foulest\\nrobbery, these wicked and perjured men, whom their country had not only\\ngreatly benefitted and favored, but higlily honored, believed that by de-\\nspoiling your country of its reputation, of its treasures, of its means of pro-\\ntection and defence, they had ensured your degradation and defeat.\\nFatal mistake and terrible its consequences to those wicked and for-\\nsworn men, as well as to their deluded and blinded votaries\\nSoldiers You have taught a lesson, not only to the enemies of your\\ncountry, but to the world, which will never be forgotten. With ycnir brave\\ncomrades from every loyal State in this great and redeemed Union, you have\\nmet these vaunting and perjured traitors and rebels face to face, upon tlie\\nfield of battle, in tlie front of strongly fortified intrenchments, and before\\nalmost impregnable ramparts and by your skill and valor your persis-\\ntent efi orts and untiring devotion to the sacred cause ()f freedom, of civili-\\nzation, and of mankind you have proved to those arch criminals and their\\nsympathizers that it is not necessary for men to be serfs and slaves in order\\nto be soldiers, but that in the hands of free and enlightened citizens, enjoy-\\ning the advantages and blessings conferred by fi-ee institutions, the temple\\nof Liberty will ever 1)0 safe, and its escutcheon forever unsullied.\\nFellow-citizens of Michigan patriotic citizen soldiers although you re-\\nturn to us bearing honorable marks of years of toil, of hardship, of priva-\\ntion, and of suffering many of you wilh bodies nmtdated, maimed, and\\nscarred mourning the loss of brave comrades ruthlessly slain on the field\\nof battle, tortured to death by inches, or foully murdered in cold blood, not\\nwith tlie weapon of a soldier, l)ut by the lingering pangs of starvation and\\nexposure yet you will in the future enjoy the proud satisfaction of having\\naided in achieving for your country her second independence in vindi-\\ncating the national honor and dignity in overthrowing that despotic and\\nunholy power which has dared to raise its hideous head on this continent\\nf(U the jiurpose of trampling upon and destroying that inalienable right to\\nlife, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which is the birtliright of all\\nand finally, in placing the Union, establislied by the blood of our fathers,\\nupon an imperishable f)undation. You will also possess the rich inheri-\\ntance of meriting the continued plaudits, and of enjoying the constant\\ngratitude of a free people, whose greatness you have preserved in its hour\\nof most imminent peril.\\nIn the name of the people of INIichigan, I thank you for the honor you\\nhave done us by your valor, your soldierly l)earing, your invincible courage\\ncverywh( re displayed, whether upon the field of battle, in the perilous as-\\nsault, or in the deadly breach for your patience under the fiitigues anc^\\nprivations and sufferings incident to war, and for your discipline and ready\\noliedience to the orders of your superiors. We are proud in believing\\nthat when the history of this rebellion shall have been written, where\\nall have done well, none will stand higher on the roll of fiime than the\\nofiicers and soldiers sent to the field from the loyal and patriotic State of\\nINIichigan.\\nGovernor Crapo served as Executive of the State until January 1st, 1869,\\nwhen he was succeeded by Henry P. Baldwin, of Detroit, a gentleman who,\\nalthough occupying the position of a private citizen throughout the war,\\nrendered valuable service in the cause of the Union, being i)rominent in the\\nState among its strongest supporters, both in counsel and in pecuniary aid,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "190\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nready when occasion offered to stand by liis country and uphold her glo-\\nrious flag.\\nTable slioxoing nativities of Michigan volunteers.\\nNew England States\\n2,847\\n31,137\\n9,506\\n4,517\\n300\\n166\\n69\\n73\\n544\\n145\\n217\\n956\\n67,468\\n8,886\\nNew York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania...\\nOhio and Indiana\\nMichigan\\nKentucky and Tennessee\\nFree States west of Mississippi river\\nSlave States west of Mississippi river\\nSouthern States not above enumerated\\nFree States, colored...\\nSlave States, colored\\nTotal United States\\nBritish America, exclusive of Canada.\\nCanada\\nCanada, colored\\n169\\n.8,276\\n441\\nTotal American\\n76,354\\nEnfi^land\\n3,761\\n3,929\\n763\\n4,872\\n380\\n22\\n381\\n238\\n47\\nGerman V\\nFrance and French dominions\\nSpain and Spanish America\\nMiscellaneous, colored\\nTotal foreio n\\n14 393\\n90,747\\nTotal white 88,941\\nTotal colored 1,661\\nTotal Indians 145\\n90.747\\nWe subjoin a list showing the total number of officers and men who\\nserved in Michigan regiments and companies, respectively\\n1st engineers and mechanics, 3,081 1st light artillerv, 3,333 13th bat-\\ntery, 255; 14th battery, 222; 1st cavalry, 3,244; 2d cavalrv, 2,425; 3d\\ncavalry, 2,560 4th cavalry, 2,085 5th cavalry, 1,998\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of this number 388\\nwere transferred to 1st cavalry; 6th cavalry, 1,624 of this number 428\\nwere transferred to 1st cavalry; 7th cavalry, 1,779 of this number 312\\nwere transferred to 1st cavalry 8th cavalry, 8,025 9th cavalry, 2,057", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS. 191\\nof tills number 52 were transferred to 11th battery; 10th cavalry, 2.050\\n11th cavalry, 1,579 of this number 513 were transferred to 8th cavalry;\\nMerrill Horse, 518 Lancers, 852; Chandler Horse Guards, 204; 1st in-\\nfantry. 3 mouths,) 798; 1st infantry, 1,346; 2d infantry, 2,151; 3d in-\\nfantry, 1,000 of this numl)cr 371 were transferred to 5th infantry 3d\\ninfantry, (reorganized,) 1,109; 4th infantry, 1,325 of this number 9() were\\ntransferred to 4th infantry; 4th infantry, (reorganized,) 1,300; 5th in-\\nfantry, 1,950; ()th infantry^ 1,957; 7th infantry, 1,393 8th infantry, 1,792;\\n9th infantry, 2,272 lOth infantry, 1,788; Uth infantry, 1,329 *llth in-\\nfantrv, (reorganized,) 1,140; 12th infantry, 2,335; 13th infantry, 2,084\\nUth mflxntry, 1,806; 15th infmtry, 2,371 16th infantry, 2,318 17th in-\\nfantry, 1,079 of this number 135 were transferred to 2d infantry 18th\\ninfantry, 1,374 of this number 97 were transferred to 9th infantry; 19th\\ninfantry, 1,238 of this number 108 were transferred to 10th infantry;\\n20th infantry, 1,157 of this number 37 were transferred to 2d infantry;\\n21st infantry, 1,477 of this number 144 were transferred to 14th infantry\\n22d infantry, 1,586 of this number 222 were transferred to 29th infantry\\n23d infantry, 1,417 of this number 143 were transferred to 28th infantry,\\nand 12 to 29tli infiintry 24th infantry, 2,054 25th iuflintry, 988\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of this\\nnumber 51 were transferred to 28th infantry 26th infantry, 1,210 27th\\ninfantry, 2,029; 28th infantry, 1,245; 29di infantry, 1,470; 30th infantry,\\n975; 1st sharpshooters, 1,36*4; 1st colored infantry, (102 U. S. C. T,)\\n1,446 1st U. S. sharpshooters, 415 of this number 71 were transferred\\nto 5th infantry; 2d U. S. sharpshooters, 163\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of this nuinber 48 were\\ntransferred to 5th infantry.\\nThe number of men from Michigan who served in organizations of other\\nStates and in the regular army, so far as reported, will be found quite in-\\nconsiderable, when compared with the aggregate of troops, and is as follows:\\nStanton Guard, 103; Provost Guard 130; 23d Illinois, Company A,\\n281; 33d Illinois, Company B, 2; 37th Illinois, Company D, 63; 42d\\nIllinois, 214; 44th Illinois, 192; 66th Illinois, Co. D, 180; 29th Indiana,\\n1 r27th Indiana, 1 20th Indiana battery, 1 1st Iowa cavalry 1 7th\\nIowa infantry 1 9th Iowa infantry, 1 9tli Kansas cavalry, 1 1st Mis-\\nsouri engineers, 13 1st Missouri light artillery, 1 1st New York cavalry,\\n98; 70th New York infantry, Co. C, 129 47th Ohio infantry, 32; 10th\\nPennsylvania infantry, 1 11th Pennsylvania cavalry, 1 4th Tennessee\\ncavalry 2; 12th Tennessee cavalry, 3 13th Wisconsin infantry, 1 19th\\nWisconsin infantry, 1; Mississippi mounted rifles, (colored,) 4; Powell s\\ncolored infantry, 4 Mississippi Marine Brigade, 1 band 3d division, 9th\\narmy corps, 12; band, 4th division, 13th army corps, 17 baud, cavalry\\ncorps, 8; veteran volunteer engineers, 10; veteran reserve corps, 389;\\nHancock s 1st A. C, 153; U. S. Navy, 430; 2d U. S. infantry, 104; llth\\nU. S. inlantrv, 242 12th U. S. infantrv, 1 15th U. S. infantry, 2 16th\\nU. S. infantry, 20 19th U. S. inf\\\\intr/, 884 General Service U. S. 186\\n5th U. S. colored artillery, 14; 9th U. S. colored artillery, 3 13th U. S.\\ncolored artillery, 21 3d U. S. colored cavalry, 16 12th IT. S. colored in-\\nfantry, 1 31st U.S. colored infantry, 1 38th U. S. colored infantry. 10;\\n49th U. S. colored infantry, 1 53d U. S. colored infimtry, 1 54th U. S.\\ncolored infantry, 1 55th U. S. colored infantry, 1 61st U. S. colored in-\\nfantry, 2.\\nWhen it is remembered that the population of Michigan in 1864 wag\\n805,379, and that 90,747 able-bodied men took up arras in defence of the\\nUnion, the State may well be proud of its record on the score of sincere\\npatriotism.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "192\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe following table shows the casualties by wounds and disease in M\\\\q]\\nigan organizations during the war\\nEngineers Mech cs\\n1st Light Artillery,\\n13th Battery,\\n14th do.\\n1st Cavalry,\\n2d\\n3d\\n4th\\n5th\\n6th\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Zth\\n8th\\n9th\\n10th\\nnth\\nMerrill Horse,\\n1st Infantry, 3 mos.\\n1st Infantry,\\nreorganiz d\\nreorganiz d\\n3d\\n3d\\n4th\\n4th\\n5th\\n6th\\n7th\\n8th\\n9th\\n10th\\n11th Infantry,\\n11th reorganiz d\\nEnlisted\\nmen.\\nCommiss ed\\nofficers.\\na n\\na\\na\\n5S\\n1\\na\\n1\\nII\\na\\n1\\n8\\n245\\n39\\n313\\n4\\n3\\n4\\n9\\n195\\n1\\n145\\n13\\n6\\n64\\n270\\n2\\n1\\n26\\n314\\n3\\n4\\n39\\n296\\n3\\n1\\n118\\n172\\n6\\n3\\n113\\n228\\n7\\n2\\n66\\n265\\n4\\n1 1\\n24\\n287\\n2\\n30\\n134\\n1\\n2\\n28\\n224\\n2\\n1\\n22\\n105\\n4\\n10\\n58\\n4\\n4\\n3\\n142\\n92\\n15\\n1\\n192\\n128\\n11\\n3\\n137\\n78\\n4\\n1\\n113\\n1\\n168\\n105\\n12\\n1\\n190\\n220\\n151\\n10\\n2\\n63\\n451\\n2\\n5\\n170\\n150\\n11\\n4\\n191\\n192\\n11\\n4\\n17\\n247\\n2\\n4\\n80\\n199\\n7\\n3\\n88\\n185\\n5\\n89\\nii\\n12th Infantry,\\n13th\\n14th\\n15th\\n16th\\n17th\\n18th\\n19th\\n20th\\n21st\\n22d\\n23d\\n24th\\n25th\\n26th\\n27th\\n28th\\n29th\\n30th\\n1st Sharpshooters,\\n1st Mich. (102 U. S)\\nCol. Infantry,\\n1st U. S. Sharpsh rs\\n2d U. S.\\nProvost Guard,\\nCo. A 23d 111. Vol.\\nCo. D 66lh 111. Vol.\\nCo. C 70th N. Y.\\nEnlisted\\nComra\\nmen.\\noffice\\nII\\na\\ni\\n1\\nii\\n49\\n372\\n1\\n74\\n266\\n4\\n50\\n173\\n1\\n72\\n129\\n3\\n213\\n135\\n12\\n125\\n146\\n6\\n14\\n295\\n91\\n135\\n7\\n106\\n165\\n18\\n75\\n271\\n3\\n79\\n282\\n2\\n58\\n218\\n3\\n158\\n114\\n12\\n35\\n123\\n1\\n105\\n145\\n3\\n211\\n179\\n10\\n4\\n118\\n1\\n3\\n62\\n17\\n128\\n1\\n114\\n6\\n9\\n122\\n2\\n34\\n28\\n3\\n12\\n19\\n1\\n3\\n1\\n13\\n16\\n17\\n7\\n1\\n3926\\n9133\\n249\\n;l\\n97\\nCommissioned officers died in action or of wounds,\\ndied of disease,\\nEnlisted men died in action or of wounds,\\ndied of disease,\\n249\\n97\\n3926\\n9133\\n346\\n-13059\\n13405\\nIt has been found impracticable to obtain a statement of the casualties\\noccurring in all the Michigan companies and among the men serving dur-\\ning the Avar with troops of other States, hence they are not included in the\\nabove table.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "RAISING OF TROOPS.\\n193\\n1\\nO\\na\\n3\\n1\\n0^\\nJackson, Mich,\\nat Salt L. City.\\nJackson, Mich.\\nDetroit,\\nJackson, Mich.\\nDetroit,\\nJackson,\\nDetroit.\\nJackson,\\nDetroit,\\nJackson,\\nat Nashville.\\n2\\nS\\na\\n1\\n0- X)CD\u00c2\u00ab .0\u00c2\u00ab)CO \u00c2\u00bb0\u00c2\u00ab0\u00c2\u00ab 50\u00c2\u00ablCD a \u00c2\u00a3l\u00c2\u00ab ?0\u00c2\u00ab \u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00ab0\u00c2\u00ab3\u00c2\u00ab)-_\\n1\\n1\\n3\\ni^imjiillli...ii--l-\\n2\\noco r5\u00c2\u00ab5iniOininio^ioioiOiOininio.niniOinininoio.ninoio\\n1|\\nII\\ncc3SS^\u00c2\u00ab5(Ei\u00c2\u00ab \u00c2\u00abS33S3oSoSSS3S\u00c2\u00ab5S3\\ns\\n-a\\n1:3\\n|1\\na\\n-a\\n1\\n-a -a -a -a g -o \u00e2\u0080\u009e-i3\\nS^S -\u00c2\u00a3=^2 -o2-So2 f5 S o-S o S 2 o- 2\\n2\\n5\\nr c r c r c^ fc crT ro CO ro T T T c-i im \u00e2\u0080\u00a2m im o j n co -t T ~r -vT\\ncoooaoaoaoooooc\u00c2\u00bbooooooooeooooooooo(X)ooooaotx)ooooooaoa)oocx)!X3xao\\ni\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a21\\nS 2~e\u00c2\u00abr-^S s 2 2 c4-2 2 2 sg ?f ot S 05 \u00c2\u00abr~\\nM\\nM\\n\u00c2\u00bbj\\n1\\nI\\nai t*i oT\\nS -Cs r b 2\\n^1=\\nWu j-j3:== s j-j-g", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nc-a~ a s\\nitT i^ CD^ o^ lO \u00c2\u00bbo irt \u00c2\u00bbo \u00c2\u00bbc o rf \u00c2\u00bbo o io o o o lO o lO \u00c2\u00bbn o o o ic irt o in ijrT o*\\nCD O O 1^ O to O -O O O -O CT) CD CD CO CD O CD to cr CD CO CD CD CO CD CO CO CD CD CO CO CO CO CD\\nccoooocooococoooooxjcoxiooxiaoxixcocoxixioocooocxjooajajxiooooxaj.iwoo\\nI co~e^^ --^c^c^ ;D c^o(^o ~L\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-^f ^o^c ^^r^cv^t-^l pi~t-^c^M Tt m ct^- o c j i-TcTarc^r Tt-r\\nc5 d do c\\ng ffl i s S a cTifs ari.ij g K s I t;a ^-n s I K\\n0 ^QO Oai^iz; -3ry2ZO-3 i-3h^Qa:gQ|g:z;ry3CiCCI IQllgSQCO\\n_r lo \u00c2\u00bbr~ -i^ co -i^ CO icT iO~ Oio o\u00c2\u00bb0 ^iccoin\u00c2\u00bb0icio\u00c2\u00bbni0ioiocvic^c^i0io\u00c2\u00bbo cir^0i00\u00c2\u00bbo\\nCOCOCDCOCDCDCOCOCOCDCDCDCDCDCOCOCOCDCOCOCDCOCDCOCDCOCOCDCDCCOCDCOCDCOCD\\nOOOOCX)OOOOaOOOaOCOa)OOCX)OOOOOOCOOOGOOOOOCOCOCOCOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOOO\\nj~: ci 00 o ta 03 o la a xa cS iS c zT S \\\\a ta CO n n S o o (32 S scoo\\n3 3 55ei30j 3333(U3 i a^a 333a S3^3=2= 3333a)33 U\\ncdcocdcoScdSco x cococdcdcdcocdcocdcdcdcdcocdcdcocdcococdcocdcocd,:cdco\\nSSwSSOTSoooooooooooooooooooooocoooooooooooooooooooooooooMooJfaoao\\n-a ja\\no.o-a.o.o.a.S a.\\n(\u00c2\u00bb^;i,a a-^ a*^ cu^i cu^^ s s s^ s s r srr r rr sirrS o- 5u^\\n.1\\n03 be O\\no _._r o I\\n3 a3 .*f o -e\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2S-^ pS\u00c2\u00a3o \u00c2\u00ab2j\u00e2\u0080\u009e-a:2\u00c2\u00a3o S 2 .S 2\\n1= llr r lllr lilii^ir iiiiiSjiMi^--\\n^1 c^ r-1 C^l c^ c^ c^\\nCO O CD CD CD CD V CO CD O wi CO CO\\nooooQoaoooooooooooooooooco\\nO C^ CO lO CO\\nO O CO cv t-\\n0=^ _ N n. a H\\n^SS;.- ^b^b b S^ 05\\n^52- S= JS-S-^.I ^1=\\nJ3^5\u00e2\u0096\u00a05-2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2SSr::^S\u00c2\u00ab^SSS3oSS |^^^^T(.ocol-oo330coO", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "FINANCIAL STATISTICS. 195\\nFINANCIAL STATISTICS.\\nThus far has been given a brief narrative of the most momentous period\\nin our State history, embracing the home work of Micliigan in the war, and,\\nalthough it shouhl be considered small and insignificant when compared\\nwith the extent and value of the work accomplished by her trooi s in the\\nfield, and the sacrifice of life there made by them, it was still one of stu-\\npendous proportions. Aside from the incessant labor of the people in\\nraising troops, there was much perplexing anxiety, many petty annoyances,\\ngreat self-sacrifice, and much personal suffering, together with enormous\\nexpenditures of money by the State, counties, and townships, and also ])y\\nindividuals all combined, rendering the burdens and cares of the people\\nat times so heavy as to be almost unbearably. Yet the astonishing state-\\nments revealed below, covering over sixteen millions of dollars, expended\\nby the people of JNIichigan for war purposes, although couched in silent\\nfigures, speak eloquently and earnestly of great sacrifice and unbounded\\npatriotism.\\nDuring the war the State Legislature passed laws authorizing the pay-\\nment of State bounties to soldiers, as follows\\nMen enlisting from March 6, 1863, to November 10, 1863, (both inclu-\\nsive,) in any j\\\\lichigan regiment, company, or battery, except the 10th and\\n11th cavalry, 13th and 14th batteries, and 1st colored infantry, entitled to\\n$50 State bounty. Men re-enlisting in their own regiments, (after service of\\ntwo years,) from Novmber 11, 1868, to February 4, 1864, (both inclusive,)\\nentitled to $50 State bounty. Men enlisting or re-enlisting from February\\n5, 1864, to May 14, 1864, (both inclusive,) in any regiment, company, or\\nbattery, if applied on 200,000 call, and properly credited to the sub-district\\nin which they resided at time of enlistment, entitled to $100 State bounty.\\nMen enlisting from February 4, 1865, to April 14, 1865, (both inclusive,)\\nproperly credited to sub-districts, entitled to $150 State bounty.\\nIn accordance with these laws, the Quartermaster-General of the State paid\\nin 1863, $134,250; 1864,867,959; 1865, $383,076; 1866, $438,500 1867,\\n$11,700; 1868, $18,623 1869, $28,850; 1870, $26,400, up to and including\\n31st July; amounting in the aggregate to $1,909,408, leaving still a con-\\nsiderable amount unapplied for.\\nHe also disbursed $60,000 as premiums for the procuration of recruits.\\nAside from these amounts, this department expended for war purposes\\n$815,000 making the aggregate disbursements up to July 31, 1870,\\n$2,784,408.\\nThe amounts paid by each county, respectively, during the war for bounty\\nto volunteers prior to December 19, 1863, and liabilities also, liabilities\\nincurred under the law of 1865, and also liabilities for other objects:\\nAllegan, Alpena, $3,080; Antrim, $1,200; Berrien, $135,400;\\nBranch, $76,859.91; Barrv, $11,400; Bay, $40,913; Calhoun, $-49,468;\\nClinton, $3,768 Cass, $39,909 Chippewa, Chebovgan, 84,524 Delta,\\n$5,326; Eat(m, $33,881.85; Emmett, $500; Genesee, $115,820.12; Gratiot,\\n$1,800; Grand Traverse, $350 Hillsdale, $55,919 Houghton, Hu-\\nron, Ionia, $41,718 Ingham, $58,383.69 Isabella, $6,300 Iosco,\\n$1,089.60; Jackson, Kent, $113,900; Kalamazoo, $400; Keweenaw,\\nLivingston, Lapeer, $51,863.87 Lewanee, $89,485.30 Leele-\\nnaw, $330 Midland, $26,458.65 ^lontcalm, $5,550 Muskegon, $29,950\\nMacomb, $51,763.75; Menominee, $5,057.85; Mecosta, $3,662.50; Monroe,\\nManistee, $2,700 Mackinaw, Mason, $2,535.97 Marquette,\\n$13,779.34; Newaygo, $13,727.72; Ottawa, $101,350; Oakland, $237,533;", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "196 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nOceana, $6,084; St. Clair, $36,350; St. Joseph, $21,700; Saginaw, 849,572;\\nShiawassee, $4,000; SaniLic, $55,500; Schoolcraft, Tuscola, $600;\\nVan Buren, $14,675.29 Wayne, $369,428.88 Washtenaw, Total,\\n$2,015,588.09.\\nThe following are the aggregate expenditures and liabilities of the various\\ntownships, cities and wards of the counties in the State for war purposes,\\nmade up irora statements of the proper officers, rendered in 1866\\nAllegan, $188,898.49; Alpena, $9,781.98; Antrim, $4,638; Berrien,\\n$257,416.97; Branch, $230,086.65 Barry, $180,641; Bay, $61,267 Cal-\\nhoun, $354,432.32; Clinton, $135,936; Cass, $196,239.86 Chippewa,\\nCheboygan, $1,525; Delta, $1,200; Eaton, $175,363.58; Emmett, $50;\\nGenesee, $150,488.75; Gratiot, $23,527; Grand Traverse, $12,!)90.54;\\nHillsdale, $282,449.21; Houghton, $39,152.71; Huron, $17,230; Ionia,\\n$182,888 Ingham, $203,985 Isabella, $5,775 Iosco, $4,900 Jackson,\\n$439,325.10; Kent, $167,550.50; Kalamazoo, $383,416.61; Keweenaw,\\n$1,000; Livingston, $144,379.22; Lapeer, $129,674.89; Lenawee, $544,-\\n557.75; Leelenaw, $4,845.52; Midland, $12,598; Montcalm, $44,861.20\\nMuskegon, $43,604; Macomb, $289,029.69; Mecosta, $3,340; Monroe,\\n$135,180.69; Manistee, $15,476; Manitou, Mackinaw, $6,727.50;\\nMason, $807; Marquette and Schoolcraft, $3,000; Newaygo, $12,004;\\nOttawa, $148,523 Oakland, $586,556.98 Oceana, $14,692.93 St. Clair,\\n$233,291.90; St. Joseph, $557,958; Saginaw, $158,099.59; Shiawasse,\\n$167,203; Sanilac, $95,794.29; Tuscola, $67,631.96; Van Buren, 8115,-\\n637.90; Wayne, $660,554.88; Washtenaw, $458,563.54; total, $8,157,748.70.\\nStatement showing amount expended by each county of the State, from\\n1861 to 1867, for the relief of soldiers families under the provisions of the\\nSoldiers Relief Law, approved May 10, 1861\\nAlpena, $8.80; Allegan, $80,985.72 Antrim, $666.11 Bav, $21,991.54;\\nBarrv, $86,598.15; Berrien, $131,924.45; Branch, $69,12L20; Calhoun,\\n$200493.66 Cass, $80,883.46 Clinton, $67,443.75 Cheboygan, $368.92\\nChippewa, $1,032; Delta, Eaton, $02,103.69; Emmett, $1,948.40;\\nGenesee, $89,087.12; Gratiot, $8,875; Grand Traverse, 810,636.81 Hillsdale,\\n$90,155.96; Houghton, $8,419 Huron, $23,033.50 Ingham, $110,547.09;\\nIsabella, $4,680.45 Lmia, $31,500; Iosco, $1,000; Jackson, $129,401.25;\\nKalamazoo, $119,984.79; Kent, $76,311; Keweenaw, $3,620; Lapeer,\\n$75,000 Livingston, $34,500 Lenawee, $145,226.20 Leelenaw, $6,487.89;\\nMacomb, $110,339.26; Mecosta, $9,280.09; Mackinaw, Midland,\\n$6,550; Manitou, Mason, $3,200; JManistee, $9,620; INIuskegon,\\n$20,000; Marquette, $7,989.16; Menominee, $390; Monroe, $143,762; Mont-\\ncalm, $40,000; Newaygo, 814,516.72; Ottawa, $56,616.08; Oceana, $18,368;\\nOnt(magon, $4,747.02 i Oakland, $127,993.38; Sanilac, $73,111.33; Shia-\\nwasse, $50,645; Saginaw, $81,000; St. Clair, $89,427.99 St. Joseph, $96,214;\\nTuscola, $51,987.22; Van Buren, $99,511.81; Washtenaw, $155,043.15;\\nand Wayne, $547,200. Total, $3,591,248.12.\\nAt the session of 1867 the liCgislature most humanely and opportunely\\nappropriated twenty thousand dollars to maintain for two years a temporary\\nSoldiers Home at the Har[)cr Hospital in Detroit. At the session of\\n1869 an additional sum was appropriated f(\u00c2\u00bbr its support for two years more.\\nThis home was established for the maintenance of infirm, maimod, and des-\\ntitute Michigan soldiers and sailors of the late war. Its management to be\\nunder the direction of the State Military Board, at present consisting of\\nCol. D. H. Jerome, of Saginaw, President; Col. Jerome Croul, of Detroit;\\nCol. Alvin T. Crossnuin, of Flint Col. Henry L. Hall, of Hill.sdalc and\\nCoL S. M. Cutcheon, of Ypsilanti.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 197\\nThe management of the Home has been judicious and liberal, afford-\\ning to the disabled soldier the fullest benefit contemplated under the law,\\nproving of great service to many who have found it necessary to seek its\\nshelter and care. And while it has been liberally conducted, care has been\\nexercised in guarding the State against unnecessary expense and the impo-\\nsition of the undeserving.\\nExcept for a very short time in the early part of the rebellion, when Cant.\\nE. G. Owen was U. S. Quartermaster at Detroit, Colonel George W. Lee^a\\nwell-known and prominent citizen of ^lichigan, served as Chief United\\nStates Quartermaster of the State throughout the war, filling a most import-\\nant and very responsible position with eminent energy and efficiency and\\nat the same time with most persistent and scrupulous fidelity to the General\\nGovernment.\\nIn connection with the discharge of his duties. Colonel Lee disbursed in\\nMichigan for the General Government 87,144,812, as follows 33,050 horses,\\n\u00c2\u00a73,607,252; transportation of troops and supplies, 81,303,812; forage,\\n8331,01)7; equipping troops, erection of barracks and hospitals, apprehen-\\nsion of deserters, and other incidental expenses, 81,782,051.\\nIn addition to this large disbursement by the Quartermaster Department,\\nthere was a very great expenditure made in the State by the United States\\nmustering and disbursing officer for the subsistence and supplies of troops,\\nbut it has been found impossible to reach information as to the exact amount\\nor even to form an approximate estimate.\\nSANITARY OPERATIONS.\\nThe great beneficent effort of the American masses in the war, the sani-\\ntary measure, was very early adopted by Michigan people. The Michi-\\ngan Soldiers Relief Association, of Washington, D. C, is claimed to have\\nbeen the first of the kind put into the field on the Atlantic slope, and the\\nlast to leave it. It was organized in Washington in the autumn of 1861,\\ncontinued in successful operation until September 19, 1866, and was a source\\nof infinite good to Michigan soldiers, scattering among them friendship,\\nbrotherly care, and many comforts and necessaries of life when most needed.\\nThe association was composed of the few ]\\\\Iichigan citizens then in and\\naround Wasliington, including the delegation in Congress. The Hon. James\\nM. Edmunds was president, Dr. H. J. Alvord secretary, who was succeeded\\nby C. Clark, and Z. Moses treasurer, all of whom served gratuitously, and\\nwith a devotion, energy, and efficiency unsurpassed.\\nThe means to sustain the measure at first were assessed ui)on the mem-\\nbers of the association, but after a short time were derived from contribu-\\ntions made by the people of the State, and amounted to 824,909.24, in the\\naggregate.\\nin connection with the enterprise was established at City Point, imme-\\ndiately following Grant s great battles, the famous Michigan Soup House,\\nso well known throughout the army, which afforded so much relief to the\\nsuffering soldier.\\nJudge Edmunds, in his report, kindly mentions the faithful and patriotic\\nladies connected with the association during its several years of great use-\\nfuhiess, whose generous and noble natures led them to render such services\\nin the field for Michigan men as have made their names household words\\nat almost every hearthstone in the State, and never to be forgotten by thou-\\nsands upon thousands of brave men who were recipients of their kindness\\nand motherly care.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "198 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe record of Michigan in the great sanitary movement would be incom^\\nplete without the following extract from the final report of Judge Edmunds,\\npresident of the association\\nThe Michigan Soldiers Eelief Association of the District of Columbia\\nwas organized in the autumn of 1861. It was the product of necessity, and\\nwas composed of the few INIichigan men then resident at the National Cap-\\nital. Soon after the first arrival of troops under the call for 75,000 volun-\\ntters, the first Michigan regiment (three months men) appeared here. It\\ncontained many who were personally known to the citizens of INIichigan\\nthen residents of Washiugton, and this, with the noble cause in Avhich they\\nwere eulisted, soon aroused a deep feeling of friendship between the mem-\\nbers of the regiment and all those hailing from the same State. This friend-\\nship was manifested by various and numerous acts of kindness and appre-\\nciation. Among them, special solicitude for all in the service whose failing\\nhealth made demands upon this feeling for those attentions which Avere\\nimpossible in the then inexperienced and unprepared state of the hospital\\nservice.\\nFor the first few months the efibrts made to relieve and comfort those\\nof our friends in the service were unorganized, and though throAving great\\nlabor upon the few engaged, hardly kept pace with the growing demands\\nincideut to the rapid increase of the army. The battle of Bull Run, in\\nwhich our friends suffered severely, aroused afresh the sympathy of all\\nwhose hearts beat honestly for the country, and demonstrated the utter in-\\nadequacy of the Government preparation for any such sudden emergency.\\nIt seemed impossible for the public authorities at this time to appreciate\\nthe necessity of ample preparations for the wounded and sick. Their atten-\\ntions seemed constantly directed to the increase of the army by new enlist-\\nments. The importance of providing for its health Avas but sloAvIy admitted,\\nand hardly admitted at all until it became evident that the ranks could\\nonly be kept up by such pi-ovisions. To reach this point and this degree\\nof preparation, required the experience of an entire campaign. The conse-\\nquence was, that there Avas all the time an urgent call, Ave might almost say\\nan imperative demand, for volunteer aid. Such aid Avas cordially given,\\nbut yet fell short of Avhat Avas absolutely essential. It became apparent\\nthat Ave could no longer meet the demand upon us by individual and unor-\\nganized efffirt. We must haA ^e system, and assignment of duties. We must\\nhave contributions far beyond the means of the small number of IMichigan\\ncitizens then here. These urgent demands so pressed upon us, that the citi-\\nzens of Michigan then in the District assembled for consultation, and the\\nresult was the organization of the IMichigan Soldiers Relief Association,\\nthen composed of a set of officers and an executive committee. It claimed\\nas its members all citizens of the State, residents of the District, and the\\n]\\\\Iichigan delegation in Congress. The association commenced by levying\\na tax upon its members, Avhich Avas frequently repeated during the first few\\nmonths of its existence, and has been resorted to for emergencies from that\\ntime to the present.\\nThis organization Avas the first of the kind in the field upon the Atlantic\\nslope, and the last to leave it. Its history, so far as it has not been Avritten,\\nwill be briefly alluded to in the folloAving pages.\\nThe association having been thus organized, it AA as called into full ac-\\ntivity in May, l(Sf)2, after the Army of the IVtomac had made a commence-\\nment of its peninsula campaign.\\nThe battle of Williamsburg, in Avhich several of our regiments j)artici-\\npatcd, filled the hospitals of Baltimore and Fortress Monroe with Avouuded", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 199\\nmen and from this time forward to the close of the war, the whole energies\\nof the association have been taxed to their utmost limits.\\nBy referring to the reports of our operations for 1862, 63, and 64, it\\nwill be seen that our means were limited but as the services of the indi-\\nvidual members of the association have in all cases been gratuitous, and\\nalways cheerfully rendered, the money we had was used in such a way as\\nsecured the greatest amount of relief\\nIn the year 1862, the first in fact of our activity, the whole amount of\\nmoney received from all sources was 82,166 13\\nr:xpended 1,945 84\\nIn 1863 2,350 39\\nExpended 2,037 61\\nIn 1864 6,779 71\\nExpended 5,488 48\\nThis is, of course, exclusive of specific contributions of clothing and hos-\\n})ital stores always liberally furnished by the soldiers aid societies through\\nthe State, and which we endeavored to apply faithfully to the j)urposes\\nintended.\\nIn the summer and fall of 1862, after the dreadful closing battles of the\\npeninsula and the disastrous campaign of General Pope, the whole city of\\nWashington became a vast hospital.\\nThe public buildings, the churches, and many private residences were\\nmade receptacle^s of wounded and sick soldiers.\\nScattered all through these our own brave men lay and languished, and\\nmany died. But we are assured that the kind offices of the members of this\\nassociation assuaged their pains and carried relief to all within their reach\\nand doubtless many owe their recovery to those special attentions impossi-\\nble to be secured from the assistants detailed for the care of sick and wound-\\ned men in hospital. During the fall of 1862 something like system was\\ninaugurated by the IMedical Department of the Government commensurate\\nwith the magnitude of the exigency. Columbia College was made a per-\\nmanent hospital. Carver, Finley, Mount Pleasant, Emery, and subsequently\\nDouglas, Stanton, Campbell, Ilarewood, and Lincoln, Avcre provided with\\nample accommodations for twenty thousand patients; and in 1863, with the\\nhospitals in Alexandria, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Annapolis,\\nFrederick, and other places North, the whole operations of the Medical De-\\npartment assumed something like order, efficiency, and permanency, and it\\nbecame necessary for us to employ agents who could give their whole time\\nto the work.\\nINIrs. Brainard was early engaged, and perhaps the first among our regu-\\nlar workers she certainly was the last to leave. Her services were invalu-\\nable, and have never been fully appreciated and acknowledged. The ser-\\nvices of INIiss Wheclock, IMiss Bateman, ]\\\\Irs. ^Mahan, Mrs. Gridley, Mrs.\\nPlum, ]\\\\rrs. Johnson, Mrs. Hall, the iMisses Bull, and others, who have\\nlabored in the field and hospitals under the auspices of this association, have\\nall richly earned the thanks of the peoi)le of Michigan, and especially of the\\nthousands of soldiers who received their kind ministrations. Their reports\\nare necessarily excluded for want of space. In the summer of 18(i3 the\\nbattles around Fredericksburg, and those of the campaign of Gen. Meade s\\narmy in ^Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the crowning carnage at Gettys-\\nburg absorbed our entire energies.\\nOur agents were early at their work, and remained as long as there was\\nsuffering to be relieved.\\nIn 1864 the bloody struggles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvauia, and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "200 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe daily conflicts during those forty days of Grant s persistent advance to\\nRichmond, again filled the hospitals around Washington, and gave ample\\nemployment to our agents and the members of the association, ind drew\\nupon our means so that we were well nigh exhausted.\\nIt is due to ourselves to acknowledge the generous co-operation of the\\nChristian and Sanitary Commissions during this summer. To the former\\nwe have ever been indebted for the most generous consideration and liber-\\nality and to the latter for extraordinary kindness in furnishing our agents,\\nMrs. Braiuard and Mrs, ]\\\\Iahan, with valuable and much-needed supplies,\\nto the amount of more than two thousand dollars in three months, and at a\\ntime when our own were exhausted.\\nOn the 1st of January, 1865, the report of the treasurer shows SI, 291.30\\navailable funds on hand. This amount was soon after increased by the\\nmost liberal contributions from several associations and individuals in Mich-\\nigan, and especially from the noble-hearted people of the Lake Superior\\nregion, till our whole receipts fcr the year 1865, including the sum on hand,\\namounted to 814,914.24.\\nWith the prospect of a campaign of unexampled activity on the south side\\nof Richmond by the combined armies of Generals Grant and Butler, and\\nthe reasonable anticipation of a stout and protracted resistance on the part\\nof the rebels, we early made preparations for meeting promptly the demands\\nthat would most likely be made upon our association. We established a\\nmagazine of supplies at City Point, and sent thither an effective force to\\nreceive and provide for such as should, in the coming struggle, be sent back\\ndisabled. We also established in Washington a Home, where our men\\nin passing could find shelter for a night without being thrown into the bad\\nassociations of the city.\\nIt had long been felt that such an asylum was needed, and we had been\\nprevented from establishing one chiefly from scarcity of means. This ob-\\njection no longer existed, and the association rented and furnished a house,\\nwith comfortable and cheap furniture, engaged a competent matron, and\\nfrom April 1st to SeiJtciuhcr 1st, 1(SG5, were able to provide for the wounded\\nand sick a comfortal)le rer^tiiig i)lace. The whole expenditure in this enter-\\nprise, as shown by the treasurer s report, was $2,675.38, diminished by the\\nsum of S507.30 received for furniture, c., on breaking up the house\\nmaking the whole expense \u00c2\u00a72,168.08.\\nThe sudden and unexpected collapse of the rebellion, and the recall of\\nthe Array of the Potomac, and the arrival of Sherman s grand columns in\\nWasliington, worn and fatigued l)y the longest and most remarkable march\\nyet rec(jrded, imposed new work upon us.\\nOur returned regiments were visited by our agents, and supplied with\\nmuch-needed vegetables, j)ickles, tobacco, bread, e., to the amount of\\nS4,000. Our i orcG was withdrawn from City Point, and furnished ample\\nemployment here till the armies were disbanded and sent home.\\nAt tlie Home, during the month vl June, all were received who came.\\nColonel Pritchard s detail for Jeff. Davis body guard was lodged and feasted.\\nThe records, imperfect thougli they are, have the names of about 8,000 who\\ntook one or more meals under the roof and at the tables of the Home,\\nfaithfully and ably conducted by the jSIatron, ]\\\\Irs. Van Boskerck, whose\\nexecutive ability, industry, and fidelity cannot be too highly commended.\\nThe accounts of the Home show that as many as 725 meals were\\nserved in. a day, and the bread consumed averaged from 300 to 425 loaves\\na day for many days. Above all the labor and care bestowed upon this\\nhouse, the matron had especial care of ten or fifteen patients at Douglas", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 201\\nand Stanton hospitals, near the house, for two months, visiting them daily,\\nand furnishing them witii delicacies.\\nThe Executive Committee desire here to acknowledge their obligation to\\nall the agents who have been employed, for devotion to their duties, and to\\nall members of the association for cheerful co-oper:i tion in the work in\\nwhich we have been engaged during the bloody strugL;le now passed.\\nAll the services rendered by the association have been entirely gratu-\\nitous, and the agents have labored for little more than actual expenses.\\nThe motives of all, it is believed, were patriotic and humane and the only\\nreward sought or desired was the consciousness of having discharged well\\nthe duties imposed by the exigency. We have at lea.st endeavored well.\\nTo the individuals and associations at home who have so nobly su])ported\\nus with contributions of money and material, and surely not least, with\\ntheir encouraging words of commendation and coun.-el, we desire to say,\\nthat your noble efforts in behalf of the brave and self-sacrificing young\\nmen who have given their services, suffered toils, hunger, and thirst, en-\\ncountered dangers and disease, and death, for the perpetuation of the Gov-\\nernment, in defence of liberty, and in the cause of humanity, have no\\nparallel in the annals of the world.\\nIf there can be any compensations in such a war as we have just emerged\\nfrom, the chief must besought in the grand outpouring of generous human-\\nities all over the entire loyal portion of the country, in endeavoring to\\nameliorate the condition of the soldier, and assuage his sufferings.\\nHappily, the war is ended. The grand armies that fought its battles\\nhave returned to their families and to peaceful pursuits. Too many, alas,\\nhave found their last resting-place far from kindred and from home. They\\nfound bloody graves in a hostile land. Their memories live in the hearte\\nof a grateful people, saved by their devotion and valor.\\nAll honor to the dead hero his wife and children demand our care,\\nand must not be forgotten or neglected.\\nIn September, 1866, the association discontinued its operations, and\\namong its last acts of kind consideration of the soldier, transmitted to the\\ntrustees of Harper Hospital, at Detroit, 81,000, to be by them used in the\\ncare and maintenance of such disabled Michigan soldiers as should from\\ntime to time become its inmates.\\nIn addition to the Washington Association, the people in the State took\\nhold of the matter and were busy in the noble work. In April, 1862, the\\nMichigan Soldiers Relief Association was formed, with Hf)n. John Owen\\nas president, Benjamin Vernon, Esq., secretary, and William A. Butler,\\nEs(|., treasurer. It continued in successful operation during the entire war,\\ndoing much good, collecting from various localities in the State a large\\namount of useful and necessary supplies and sending them to the front; a\\nportion of the packages forwarded were 331 boxes, 203 barrels, containing\\nalmost every conceivable comfort for the use of the soldier, sick or well,\\nviz Shirts, drawers, socks, handkerchiefs, canned and dried fruits, wines,\\njellies, pickles of all kinds, spices, books, papers, pins, needles, thread, sheets,\\nquilts, pillow-cases, bed sacks, bandages, pads, lint, in fact everything useful\\nand that were thought necessary.\\nIt also received and expended in 1864 S3,600, which was made use of as\\nstated in ^Ir. Vernon s report in furnishing relief to sick and destitute sol-\\ndiers in sums of from one to ten dollars as their necessities required in\\nsending agents to different points to look after the wants of soldiers in pro-\\nviding refreshments and meals for returned veterans in paying rent for\\nSoldiers Home in Detroit, and in burying the dead.\\nM", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "202 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nAnother most active and useful association, accomplishing much good\\nthroughout the war was the INIichigan Soldier s Aid Society, a branch of\\nthe United States Sanitary Commission. It was organized November 6,\\n1861, and kept its office open until January 1st, 1866, and after that date\\ncontinued to supply destitute soldiers and soldiers families, and intended to\\ndo so until the fund on hand was expended.\\nThe first officers of the society were Dr. Z. Pitcher, counsellor ]\\\\Irs.\\nGeo. Dufficld, president INIrs. Theodore Romeyn, vice president Mrs. D.\\nP. Bushnell, treasurer INIiss Sarah T. Bingham, recording secretary Miss\\nValeria Campbell, corresponding secretary.\\nAt the close of 1864 the society was reorganized, and the following officers\\nselected\\nJohn Owen, president, associate member U. S. S. Commission Benjamin\\nVeruor, James V. Campbell, B. E. Demill, vice presidents, associate mem-\\nbers U. S. S. Commission Mrs. S. A. Sibley, i)rcsident ISIrs. II. L. Chip-\\nman, Mrs. A. Adams, vice presidents William A. Butler, treasurer Mrs.\\nGeorge Andrews, assistant treasurer Mrs. W. A. Butler, auditor Miss\\nLizzie Woodhams, recording secretary Miss Valeria Campbell, correspond-\\ning secretary.\\nThe association received from various sources throughout the State and\\nsent forward from November 1, 1861, to June, 1863, 3,593 packages; dis-\\ntributed at home during the same time, 2,724 packages total, 6,317. Most\\nof these were large packages, and consisted chiefly of articles contributed in\\nkind, of what value has not been estimated.\\nCash expended from November 6,1861, to June 1,1866,619,633.18;\\nfrom June 1st, 1866, to April 7th, 1868, 88,496.23 total, 828,129.41.\\nOf this amount, 811,422.36 was expended on account of Soldiers\\nHome, and the balance in purchases and other expenses. The association\\nhad on hand April 7th, 1868, 8187.01.\\nFrom May to November, 1861, between thirty and forty large packages\\nwere received from different parts of the State by Mrs. Morse Stewart and\\nMrs. George Duffield and sent forward, besides an unrecorded amount dis-\\ntributed to regiments in INIichigan.\\nChaplain Samuel Day, 8th Illinois inftmtry, INIilitary Agent for U. S.\\nSanitary Supplies, a most efficient and industrious officer, and now a resi-\\ndent of Ann Arbor, collected in this State in 1863, and forwarded through\\nthe U. S. Sanitary Commission at Chicago for distribution in the field, 2,337\\nbarrels of vegetables, (mostly potatoes and green apples;) 167 barrels of\\nonions 29 barrels of best stock ale. Add to this three thousand one hun-\\ndred and thirty-seven dollars and fifty-five cents remitted to Sanitary Com-\\nmission at Chicago for the purchase of vegetables, reducing the same to\\nbarrels, would give 5,673 barrels vegetables and 29 barrels ale, giving an\\naggregate of 5,702 barrels.\\nAeide from the aid furnished by the associations referred to, there were\\nlarge amounts botli of money and supplies sent by private agents, ministers\\nof the gosiK l, and many other noble and kiiid-Iieartcd people who visited\\nthe army and hospitals from time to time on errands of mercy and benevo-\\nlence, largely contributing towards a great cause, which was bountifully\\nsustained without a parallel in the history of nations.\\nThese associations were most opportunely and very substantially assisted\\nin 1864 by the Ladies Soldiers Aid Society of Kalamazoo, under whose\\nauspires a State Sanitary Fair was held in September of that year, in\\nconnection with the State Agricultural Fair. It was a complete success,\\nand netted 89,618.78 over expenses.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 203\\nThe following is the report of the Execu ive Committee, made to the\\nAdjutant-General of the State:\\nJohn Robertson, Adjidant- General State of Michigan:\\nSir: Herewith the undersigned submit a report, embracing an account\\nof receipts and disbursements of the IMichigan State Sanitary Fair, held\\nat the village of Kalanuizoo, on the State Agricultural Fair Grounds, on\\nthe 20th, 21 St, 22(1, and 2:1(1 days of September, A. D. 1864. The follow-\\ning correspondence exhibits the origin of the Fair:\\nTo Mrs. John Potter and Miss Eliza Fisher, of the Ladies Soldiers Aid So-\\nciety, of Kalamazoo, Micldgan\\nThe undersigned, citizens of Kalamazoo county, knowing that you have\\nbeen active, and have accomplished much ever since the rebellion com-\\nmenced in every good work for the relief of the sick and wounded Union\\nsoldiers, would most respectfully suggest that thousands of the patriotic and\\ngenerous people of Michigan will he glad, in connection with the annual\\nfair of the Michigan State Agricultural Society, to be held on the 20th,\\n21st, 22d, and 23(1 days of September, at Kalamazoo, to contribute of their\\nabundance, in money and articles, for the purpose of aiding the wounded\\nand sick of that army which fough t in defence of our national flag and the\\nUnion, against the traitorous designs of those who hate liberty and love\\ndespotism. We would suggest that a. fair be held on the grounds to 1be\\noccupied by the Agricultural Society, for the purpose above mentioned, and\\nwe earnestly solicit that you calling to your aid suitable persons may\\ndevise such plan for the consunnnation of the foregoing purpose as may be\\ndeemed proper.\\nSi,rncd II. G. Wells, Joseph Sill, Allen Totter, J(jhn Baker, Daniel\\nCahill, J. M. Edwards, J. P. Woodbury, N. A. Balch, J. W. lJrees(;, L. II.\\nTrask, George Lewis, Henry Montague, F. W. Curtenius, O. N. Giddings,\\nDavid S. Walbridge, JMarsh Giddings, J. ]\\\\I. Neasmith, B. :M. Austin,\\nGeorge A. Fitch, J. W. jNIansur, Henry Iloyt, Hiram Arnold, Henry\\nBishop, Henry Dreese, Samuel W. Walker, J. J. Perrin, Isaiah W. Pur-\\nsel, Frank Ilenderson, J. A. B. Stone, James A. Walter, G. 11.^ Gale,\\nHenry Wood, David Fisher, A. Cameron, S. S. Cobb, J. W. Lay, William\\nA. Wood, John C. Bassett, Trowbridge Bassett, John j\\\\rKibl)eu, Cliarlcs\\nBell, Alfred Thomas, Ge.n ge Colt, AV. B. Clark, F. Chase, j\\\\I. B. Miller, E.\\nA. Carder, G. D. Penliekl, J. K. Wagner, E. O. Humphrey, Charles S.\\nMay, C. D. Handscomb, Thomas Brownell, James Tui-ner, William A.\\nHurst, A. C. Wortley, Thomas lirowning, S. K. Selkrig, A. H. Geisse,\\nJames I*. Clai)ham, Pickering Wormlev, Austin George, A. D. Robinson,\\nAV. II. Snow, Z. S. Clark, F. U. Clark, P. L. Haines, H. S. Parker Co.,\\nJohn Bennett, I. C. Bennett, A. E. Bartlett, Frank Little, D. Putnam, C.\\nS. Cobb, R. S. Babcock, C. AV. Hall, II. F. Cock, P. C. Davis, II. C.\\nBriggs.\\nKalamazoo, August 2od, A. D. 1864.\\nTo THE People of the State of ]\\\\Iiciiigan The undersigned, of the\\nSoldiers Aid Society, of Kalamazoo, pursuant to the foregoing recjuest,\\nafter having obtained the kind aid of many ladies and gentlemen of this\\ncounty, and other parts of the State, have made arrangements for holding\\na ^Miehigan State Sanitary Fair, at Kalamazoo, on the 20tli, 21st, 22d,\\nand 23d of September, A. D. 1864, at which we hope to avail ourselves of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "204 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\npatriotic addresses from his Excellency Austin Blair and other distinguished\\npersons.\\nIt is proposed to devote the entire proceeds of this Sanitary Fair to\\nthe sick and wounded soldiers, who have gone forth in defence of that flag\\nwhich is the symbol of Union, and whose brave hearts nerve them to meet\\nsuffering and death rather than permit one star to be stricken from its\\nazure field.\\nOne-third of the proceeds of this fair will be distributed through the\\nMichigan Soldiers Relief Committee, at Detroit, consisting of C. H.\\nBuhl, B. Vernor, Adjutant-General John Robertson, W. A. Butler, and\\nAnthony Dudgeon one-third through the United States Christian Com-\\nmission, to be distributed by David Preston, E. C. Walker, Caleb Ives,\\nFrancis Raymond, J, S. Vernor, and Charles F. Clark, of Detroit, and one-\\nthird through the Ladies Soldiers Aid Society, at Kalamazoo.\\nWe ask the people of Michigan, men and women, old and young, to\\nbring or send to us money, or such articles of value as can be spared, for\\nthis, a great national purpose.\\n]\\\\Iay we not, especially, appeal to the young men who still remain at\\nhome, and who are preserved from the accidents of the battle-field, the\\nlong suffering and the weary night watches of the hospital If home duties\\nand family ties, or impaired health, compel you to resist the inclination to\\naid your country in this its hour of peril, by active service in the field, we\\nimplore you to give of your means, that health may possibly be restored,\\nand comfort administered to the sick and wounded soldiers.\\nOf the women of Michigan we ask efficient, active aid in this our effort\\nto accomplish a great good to them, we believe, we shall not appeal in\\nvain.\\nGod s own blessing, we trust, will rest on all men, women, and little chil-\\ndren of Michigan who may be thus inclined to strengthen the hearts and\\nhauds, and encourage the valor and jiatriotism of the lathers and husbands,\\nand brothers and sons, who have manfully resisted the overthrow of that\\nGovernment which good men of the olden time established, and which we\\nhumbly pray a righteous God may ever preserve.\\nRUTH L. POTTER,\\nELIZA W. FISHER,\\nOf the Ladies Soldiers Aid Society, Kalamazoo.\\nIt will be noticed that a very brief period elapsed between the time that\\nthe idea of holding the Fair was first entertained and its occurrence,\\nbut tlie foregoing address was as widely circulated among the people of\\nMichigan as circumstances would permit. The ladies of Kalamazoo county\\nrelied mainly upon the various Soldiers Aid Societiesof the State for active\\nco-operation, and in view of all the surroundings, they were not disap-\\npointed. The general outline for the Fair having been arranged, the work\\nof preparation commenced. Buildings were to be erected, a hall in which\\narticles were to be exhibited and sold to the assembled thousands, and an\\nextensive dining-room for visitors, were to be built, and considering the fact\\nthat the lumber was to be brought by teams a distance of twenty-eight\\nmiles, the circumstances seemed to be embarrassing. The ladies had deter-\\nmined that all obstacles should be overcome, and their efforts were crowned\\nwith success.\\nContributions in money, merchandise, produce, animals, implements and\\nworks of art, were furnished with a good degree of liberality, from various\\nportions of this State, and in a few instances from beyond the limits of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 205\\nMicliigan. Words of encouragement, witli gifts of money or articles for\\nsale, came alike from the rich and the poor. In not a few instances, the\\nwidowed mother, whose only son had gone down in the storm of battle, in\\nthe Army of the Potomac, or the Army of the West, sent forward her hum-\\nble contribution, with an invocation that God would bless the soldier Avho\\nstood ready to yield his life in defence of that Government which had given\\nhim protection from infancy to manhood. A little child from an adjoining\\ncounty, in humble circumstances, furnished her gift, in value the fraction\\nof a dollar, with the simple but earnest request that she might be permitted\\nto give something she wished to do more, but they were poor her mother\\nwas ill, and her father and only brother were soldiers in the war. This\\ngift, in fact the most liberal of all, was sold and returned by purchasers,\\nagain and again, until the amount realized was a handsome addition to the\\ngeneral fund.\\nOn Thursday, the 22d day of September, the Fair was duly inaugu-\\nrated under the direction of the Hon. James B. Crippen of Cold water, Mich-\\nigan, who, after appropriate religious services, in a brief address congratu-\\nlated the assembled thousands upon the liberality which had been evidenced\\nthroughout the loyal States in caring for the men of the Union army, and\\nin terms of merited compliment extended to the ladies of the State of Mich-\\nigan commendation for their zeal and active effort in behalf of the sick and\\nwounded soldier. His Excellency Austin Blair was then introduced, and\\nin an address, able, patriotic, eloquent And replete with interesting incidents\\nof the war, he held the close attention of his audience for an hour. After\\nsinging, of rare excellence, by the Musical Association of Kalamazoo,\\nthe vast crowd was dismissed, every man and woman seemingly congratu-\\nlating themselves that the public exercises had been to them, of great inter-\\nest, and worthy of the cause for which the Sanitary Fair had been\\nplanned and arranged.\\nNo objects in the Fair seemed to excite so much of interest and fix\\nthe attention of the thousands who visited the Sanitary Hall, as the torn\\nand battle-scarred banners, w hich had been borne by the regiments of\\nMichigan during the war, and which had been kindly furnished from the\\nAdjutant-General s ofiice. As the multitude gazed on these silent emblems\\nof the brave deeds of the men of INIichigan, again and again was heard from\\nmother and father the exclamation, as the flag of some particular regiment\\nwas noted, My son fought under that banner and not unfrequently the\\nsad, accompanying remark, he fell in battle, or died in hospital.\\nThe Ladies Soldiers Aid Society, of Kalamazoo, desire to express\\ntheir heartfelt thanks to all-Avho generously contributed to this Michigan\\nState Sanitary Fair, for the benefit of the sick, wounded, and disabled\\nsoldier. To the delegations of ladies and gentlemen from Wayne, St. Clair,\\n]\\\\Iacomb, Lapeer, Lenawee, Hillsdale, Calhoun, Jackson, St. Joseph, Van\\nBuren, Cass, and Allegan counties, who attended during the Fair, and\\nkindly contributed by active eflbrt to its success, they specially desire to\\nexpress their great obligation.\\nIt will be perceived by the accompanying account that the net proceeds\\nof the Fair, already distributed, amounts to \u00c2\u00a79,300, leaving with the\\ntreasurer a small balance to cover any possible outstanding liability, or for\\nfuture distribution.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "206 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nMICHIGAN STATE SANITARY FAIR.\\nlS64r\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Credit.\\nBy amount received, admission tickets, for Sanitary Hall 81,213 15\\nBy amount received at Presidential ballot-box 454 25\\nBy donations in money and sales of articles contributed 11,097 40\\nTotal 812,764 80\\nDebit.\\nTo amount paid Kellogg Co. for lumber for buildings 81,243 91\\nTo labor, printing, and sundry expenses 502 11\\nTo Kalamazoo Horse Association for rent of ground 276 50\\nTo supplies for dining tables 1,123 50\\nTo Kalamazoo Ladies Soldiers Aid Society 2,900 00\\nTo United States Christian Commission, Detroit..... 2,900 00\\nTo Michigan Soldiers Relief Committee, Detroit 2,900 00\\nTo Michigan Soldiers Relief Association, Washington City,\\nper Hon. J. M. Edmunds 600 00\\nTo cash, balance on hand 318 78\\nTotal 812,764 80\\nH. G. WELLS,\\nS. W. WALKER,\\nJOHN POTTER,\\nExecutive Com. Michigan State Sanitary Fair.\\nKalamazoo, November 10, 1864.\\nAmong the various associations instituted during the war for tlie relief\\nof the sick and wounded soldier, the Christian Commission loomed up as\\na great auxiliary in the great and good work. Possessing an immense\\nstrength and energy, with true devotion, it competed most successfully as a\\nsanitary organization, uniting therewith the religious instruction and admo-\\nniticju of good men to the living, and administering kindly consolation to\\nthose who were being called away forever.\\nTlie following report of the Michigan branch for 1864 finds a proper place\\nat this time\\nTo John Robertson, Adjutant- General State of Michigan\\nIn accordance with your request, the Michigan branch of the U. S. Chris-\\ntian Commission beg leave to report the nature and extent of its work in\\nbehalf of the armies of the Union for the past year.\\nThe commission in this State was first organized on the 15th of June, A.\\nD. 1863, but has practically been in operation but a single year. It had no\\npart in the great work of the Christian Commission at Gettysburg in July,\\n186. except that some of our citizens were commissioned at Philadelphia,\\nand acted as delegates on that field. Its first funds of any large amount\\nwere received from the thanksgiving collections of last year, which were\\nnearly all jioured into our treasury. Since that time the operations of this\\nbranch have been steadily enlarging, its resources increasing, and its plan\\nand system of working gaining the favor and approbation of the people.\\nThe plan of the commission is to minister both to the mental and spiritual,\\nas well as the bodily wants of the army. It sends the living preacher, the\\nBible, and the religious newspapers of all denominations, and all the time", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "SANITARY OPERATIONS. 207\\nit is ministering to the temporal wants of the soldier, and working for the\\nsick, wounded, and dying. It searches for the wounded amid the thickets\\nof the battle-field, and never leaves him till he is discharged from hospital,\\nor a prayer consigns hira to a soldier s grave.\\nAll the delegates of the commission are ministers and laymen, selected\\nfor their fitness for the work, who labor each six weeks without any com-\\npensation, except the consciousness of doing good. All that is given to the\\ncommission is dispensed personally by these delegates, and placed by their\\nown hands in the hands of the soldier not handed over to be dispensed by\\nofficials of the Government, or salaried agents of the commission.\\nThis branch of the commission has received from the people down to this\\ntime 821,725.20, most of which has been forwarded to the central office at\\nPhiladelphia. Stores have been contributed and forwarded to the armies\\nfrom Michigan amounting in value to about 310,000.\\nMichigan furnished to us the following delegates, fifty-seven in number,\\nnearly all of whom have spent their full term of six weeks in the work of\\nthe commission\\nWilliam Harvey, Detroit, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. Seth Reed, Ypsilanti, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. J. M. Strong, Clarkston, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. James Walker, Eckford, Army of the Mississippi.\\nRev. L. Slater, Kalamazoo, Army of the Cumberland.\\nJames E. Carson, Centreville, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. E. H. Pilcher, Ann Arbor, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. B. Franklin, Saline, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. A. F. Bournes, Dexter, Army of the Mississippi.\\nRev. F. R. Gallaher, Hillsdale, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. W. P. Wastell, Holly, Army of the Potomac,\\nProf A. Ten Brook, Ann Arbor, Army of the Mississippi.\\nRev. George H. Hickox, Saline, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. D. H. Evans, Palmyra, Army of the Cunilierland.\\nRev. J. J. Gridley, Pinckney, Army of the jMississippi.\\nProf. Joseph Eastabrook, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac,\\nAlanson Sheley, Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. O. C. Thompson, Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. Wm. Hogarth, D.D., Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nE. C. Walker, Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. George Duffield, Jr., Adrian, Army of the Potomac.\\nSamuel W. Duffield, Adrian, Army of the Potomac.\\nSamuel E. Hart, Adrian, Army of the Potomac.\\nW. F. King, Adrian, Army of the Potomac.\\nA. S. Berry, Adrian, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. Daniel E. Brown, Flint, Army of the Cumberland.\\nProf J. C. Plumb, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac.\\nWm. Patterson, Ypsilanti, Army of the Potomac.\\nRobert H. Tripp, Hillsdale, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. H. N. Bissell, Mount Clemens, Army of the Cumberland.\\nF. S. Walker, Bass Lake, Army of the Cumberland.\\nRev. S. E. Wishard, Tecumseh, Army of the Potomac.\\nJlev. J. W. Allen, Franklin, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. R. R. Salter, D.D., LaSalle, Army of the Mississippi.\\nRev. James F. Taylor, Chelsea, Army of the Cumberland.\\nC. K. Adams, Ann Arbor, Army of the Potomac.\\nO. C. Thompson, Jr., Detroit, Army of the Potomac.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "208 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nRev. John Pierson, Milford, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. J. R. Cordon, Oak Grove, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. Robert H. Conklin, Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nGeorge Andrews, Detroit, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. S. L. Ramsdell, Northville, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. James 8. Sutton, Brighton, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. Wm. Harrington, North Adams, Army of the Potomac.\\nH. B. Denman, Dowagiac, Army of the Potomac.\\nO. F. Shannon, Fairwater, Wisconsin, Army of the Potomac.\\nJ. P. Garvin, M.D., Kendalville, Indiana, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. O. H. Spoor, Vermontville, Army of the Potomac.\\nDaniel W. Church, Vermontville, Army of the Potomac.\\nRev. E. II. Day, Otsego, Army of the INIississippi.\\nRev. Thomas Lowrie, Stratford, C. W., Potomac.\\nRev. E. J. Howes, Sylvanus, Mississippi.\\nRev. J. A. Ranney, Sturgis, Cumberland.\\nProf O. M. Currier, Olivet, Cumberland.\\nProf H. E. Whipple, Hillsdale, Potomac.\\nRev. Mr. Taylor, Tecumseh, Potomac.\\nAll of which is respectfully submitted.\\nE. C. WALKER, Chairman.\\nCHARLES F. CLARK, Secretary.\\nHENRY P. BALDWIN, Treamrer.\\nDAVID PRESTON,\\nCALEB IVES,\\nFRANCIS RAYMOND,\\nJ. S. VERNOR,\\nArmy Com. of the U. S. Christian Com. for Michigan.\\nVOLUNTEER SURGEONS.\\nThere were times during the war when battles came thick and fast when\\nrebel bullets felled men like grain in harvest; when the Medical Depart-\\nment of the Government, with all its accustomed foresight and immense\\nresources, with vast preparations to meet coming emergencies, failed in sup-\\nplying the demand for surgeons in the field, and when the wounded were\\nthreatened with extreme suffering; but this deficiency was readily and\\ncheerfully supplied by the medical men of the land. The surgeons of Mich-\\nigan, without fee or proffer of reward, and at much sacrifice, never failed in\\npromptly and substantially responding on these occasions.\\nThe following extract from a report made in 18G4 by Dr. Joseph Tunni-\\ncliff of Jackson, then State agent at Washington, to the Adjutant-General,\\nsets forth their readiness for this service:\\nThe Potomac Army, under command of Lieutenant-General Grant,\\ncrossed the Rtipidan May 5, 1864, and from that day onward to about the\\n10th day of June, there occurred a nearly continuous succession of battles,\\n80 frc(juent that it is a common remark of the soldiers returned from that\\ncamj)aign that it seemed to them like one coidhnioiis haitle.\\nCertain it is that the entire region, from the Ilapidan to Cold Harbor,\\nwas a continuous battle-ground. Three hundred thousand men, in daily\\nand nightly conflict for thirty-five days, produced of necessity a host of\\nwounded, who demanded from not only the Government but the people every\\nsible assistance.\\nNot only the Government ambulances and wagons but every other pos-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "VOLUNTEER SURGEONS. 209\\nslble means of transportation which could be devised were resorted to by\\nthe sick and wounded to reach Fredericksburg, the newly-established base\\nand depot of supplies.\\nOn the 12th day of May I received from you, General, on behalf of the\\nGovernor, the following telegram\\nTo J. TuNNiCLiFF, Jr., 3Iichigan State Agent\\nThe Governor directs that you make every exertion to take care of the\\nIVIichigan wounded soldiers. Employ sufficient assistance to do so, and use\\nwhat money may be necessary. Should you need any number of assistants\\nfrom the State, inform by telegraph, and acknowledge the receipt of this\\ndispatch by telegraph.\\nUpon receipt of the above, and after consultation with General Joseph\\nK. Barnes, Surgeon-General who, permit me to add, is precisely the right\\nman in the right place I dispatched the following reply\\nGeneral Robertson Sir Your telegram is received. Large provi-\\nsion has already been made by the Surgeon-General and the various sani-\\ntary commissions to meet the requirements. I have forwarded ]\\\\Irs. Brai-\\nnard and IMiss Wheelock, with three assistants and twenty boxes of sanitary\\nstores, to Fredericksburg, on the 10th instant. The Surgeon-General directs\\nme to say that he will accept the services of ten 10) experienced surgeons,\\nfully cquipj)ed for ten (10) days service in the field. Direct them to report\\nat tills office. I have made provision to have them forwarded.\\nIt is with no ordinary pride that I record the fact, that in response to\\nthis invitation, thirty-three surgeons, with their assistants, left their business\\nand the comforts of home to volunteer their services, without compensation,\\nto aid their suffering countrymen at this trying period, and among them\\nare many of the most eminent surgeons of our State. I deem it but just\\nthat I should append their names\\nDrs. Alonzo B. Palmer, Ann Arbor; D.L.Davenport, E.M.Clark,\\nDetroit Edward Cox, Z. L. Slater, Battle Creek C. F. Ashley, W. G. Cox,\\nA. F. Kinney, Ypsilanti W. B. Smith, Ann Arbor Gordon Chittock, F.\\nM. Reasnor, Jackson R. B. Gates, George Barnes, Chelsea S. C. Willie,\\nEast Saginaw; M. F.Baldwin, Flint; Stephen Griggs, E.W.Goodwin,\\nDetroit; E. Church, Marshall; R. H. Davis, Mason; James C. Willson,\\nFlint H. C. Farrand, East Saginaw J. E. Smith, Portland John Smith,\\nPontiac; J.E.Wilson, Rochester; F. B. Galbraith, C. C. Jerome, Port\\nHuron; O. F. Burroughs, Galcsburg; J. P. Nash, Marshall; W. L. Still-\\nwell, Kalamazoo; S. Lathrop, Pine Burr; H. C. Fairbank, Gi and Blanc;\\nE. R. Ellis, and L. DePuy, Grand Rapids.\\nThousands of the soldiers of our army for their labors were not re-\\nstricted to the soldiers of our State will remember so long as the pulses of\\nlife flow, with grateful hearts, the unselfish devotion and skill with which\\nthis body of volunteer surgeons labored to relieve them.\\nThey were not all assigned to duty at Fredericksburg; for, as the army\\nadvanced, some of them were sent to the White House, and many of them\\nto City Point. Most of them remained so long as their services were needed,\\nand I regret to add that a number of them returned in a greatly impaired\\nstate of health.\\nThe following young gentlemen, students of medicine and surgery, for-\\nwarded by the citizens of Ann Arbor, reported as volunteer dressers, June\\n1st, were accepted by the Surgeon-General, and sent to duty in hospitals at\\nCity Point Messrs. O. Marshall, M. O. Bently, P. Martin, J. K. Johnson,\\nN", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "210 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nand D. V. Dean. They all did well indeed, most of them were so well\\nliked by the medical officers in charge that they were soon employed as\\nassistant surgeons, and placed in charge of surgical wards. It may be well\\nto add here that these young men had nearly completed their course of\\nstudy preparatory to graduation. The people of Ann Arbor may well feel\\nproud of their contribution. It was what money could not purchase.\\nSOLDIERS VOTE IN THE FIELD.\\nIn accordance with an act of the Legislature, aj^proved February 5th,\\n1864, to enable the qualified electors of this State in the military service to\\nvote at certain elections, the same were held amongst the Michigan troops\\nin the service of the United States on the 7th day of November, 1864. They\\ntook place under the supervision of the commissioners appointed in the fol-\\nlowing letter of the Executive, and were conducted in compliance with the\\ninstructions therein contained\\nState op Michigan, Executive Office,\\nLansing, October 14, 1864.\\nThe several commissioners appointed and commissioned under the act\\nentitled An act to enable the qualified electors of the State in the military\\nservice to vote at certain elections, and to amend sections 45 and 61 of\\nchapter 6 of the compiled laws, are directed immediately to make and file\\nwith the Secretary of State the oath of office required by law, and on or\\nbefore the 25th day of October instant to report at the office of the Adjutant-\\nGeneral in Detroit, where the necessary poll-books, blank forms, certificates,\\nand instructions, together with copies of the law, will be furnished them.\\nHaving been so furnished, the commissioners will immediately proceed to\\nthe places where the work assigned them is to be performed. In the per-\\nformance of their duties they will take the oath of office as the guide, and\\nwill do their duty impartially, fully, and without reference to political\\npreferences or results. It will be proper for them to carry printed ballots\\nwith them for the use of the electors of whatever party but the act forbids\\nthem to attempt in any manner to influence or control the vote of any\\nsoldier.\\nSuch printed ballots may also be left at the office of the Adjutant-General\\nin Detroit, to be delivered to the commissioners, or they may be delivered\\ndirectly to the commissioners themselves. In the apportionment of the work\\nit has been found very difficult to make it equal or even to cover the whole\\nground. The commissioners are therefore required, if necessary, to assist\\neach other, and wherever small bodies of Michigan troops are found with\\nwhom no commissioner is present to act as such. The work is apportioned\\namong the commissioners as follows\\nARMY OF THE POTOMAC.\\nDavid B. Harrison, Mason, 26th infantry, 1st division, 2d army corps,\\nnear Petersburg, Va.\\nM. D. Hamilton, Monroe, 7th infantry, 2d division, 2d army corps, and\\ncompany B, 2d U. S. S. S., 1st division, 3d army corps, near Petersburg,\\nVa.\\nEdwin C. Hinsdale, Detroit, 5th infantry, 3d division, 2d army corps,\\nand companies C, I, and K, 1st U. S. S. S., in the same division, near Pe-\\ntersburg, Va.\\nJohn S. Estabrook, East Saginaw, 1st and 16th infantry, 1st division, 5th\\narmy corps, near Petersburg, Va.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "SOLDIERS VOTE IN THE FIELD. 211\\nWilliam W. Wright, Livonia, 24th infantry, 3d division, 5th army corps,\\nnear Petersburg, Va.\\nWilliam Winegar, Grass Lake, 2d, 8th, and 17th infantry, 1st division,\\n9th army corps, near Petersburg, Va.\\nJoseph Warren, Detroit, 20th and 27th infantry and 1st sharpshooters,\\n1st division, 9th army corps, near Petersburg, Va.\\nJacob Kanouse, Cohoctah, 1st and 5th cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps,\\nin the Shenandoah Valley.\\nMartin Gray, Saline, Gth and 7th cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps, in\\nthe Shenandoah Valley.\\nAndrew Robinson, Sharon, one company 1st cavalry, and one company\\n26th infantry, and U. S. hospitals, at Alexandria, Va.\\nCharles Betts, Burr Oak, loth and 14th batteries. Fort Foot, Maryland,\\nand hospitals in Washington.\\nARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND.\\nAsher E. Mather, Pontiac, 9th and 22d infantry. General Thomas\\nHeadquarters, near Atlanta, Ga.\\nWilliam A. Robinson, Grand Rapids, 10th and 14th infantry, 2d divis-\\nion, 14th army corps, near Atlanta, Ga.\\nHenry L. Hall, Hillsdale, 18th infantry, 4th division, 20th army corps,\\nnear Decatur, Ala.\\nJohn C. Laird, Mendon, 19th infantry and battery I, 3d division, 20th\\narmy corps, near Atlanta, Ga.\\nL. M. S. Smith, Grand Haven, 13th and 21st infantry, engineer brigade,\\nLookout Mountain, Tenn.\\nDavid Horton, Adrian, 4th cavalry, 2d division, cavalry corps, near\\nAtlanta, Ga.\\nJohn McNeil, Port Huron, 2d cavalry, 1st division, cavalry corps, near\\nFranklin, Tenn.\\nAlbert Miller, Bay City, batteries E and D, battery E at Nashville,\\nTenn., battery D at Murfreesborough, Tenn., and the hospitals at Nash-\\nville.\\nE. D. W. Burtch, Lansing, 1st engineers and mechanics, Cartersville, Ga.\\nAsa Bunnell, Lyons, company D, 66th Illinois volunteers, and companies\\nB and H, 44th Illinois volunteers, near Atlanta, Ga.\\nJohn H. Richardson, Tuscola, 29th infantry, Nashville, Tenn.\\nARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.\\nWilliam Sinclair, Jonesville, 15th infantry, 2d division, 15th army corps,\\nnear Atlanta, Ga.\\nThaddeus G. Smith, Feutonville, batteries B and C, 16th army corps,\\nbattery B, at Rome, Ga., and battery C, at East Point, Ga.\\nSylvester Higgins, Charlotte, batteries H and K, 17th army corps, near\\nAtlanta, Ga.\\nJames J. Hogaboom, Hudson, 23d and 25th infimtry, and battery F, 2d\\ndivision, 23d army corps, near Decatur, Ga.\\nWilliam Hulsart, Romeo, 8th cavalry, Nicholasville, Ky., and batteries\\nL and M, 23d army corps, Cumberland Gap, Tean.\\nM. S. Bowen, Cold water, 9th cavalry, cavalry division, 23d army corps,\\nnear Atlanta, Ga.\\nHenry H. Holt, Muskegon, 10th cavalry, cavalry division, 23d army\\ncorps, Strawberry Plain, Tenn.\\nWilliam A. House, Kalamazoo, cavalry division, 23d army corps,\\nLouisa, Ky.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "212\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nARMY OF THE GULF.\\nWarren S. Crippeu, Schoolcraft, 6th heavy artillery, near Mobile, and\\nbattery G, New Orleans.\\nLevi Sparks, Niles, 12th infantry, 2d division, 7th army corps, Duvall s\\nBluff, Ark.\\nNathan H. Bitely, Lawton, 3d cavalry^ at Duvall s Bluff, Ark.\\nWilliam F. Neil, Battle Creek, Merrill Horse, at Duvall s Bluff.\\nS. O. Kingsbury, Grand Rapids, 3d infantry, Nashville.\\nW. Y. Rumney, Detroit, 4th infantry, Nashville.\\nAVilliam B. Williams, Allegan, 28th infantry, Nashville.\\nJosiah Turner, Owosso, hospitals at Annapolis, Baltimore, Philadelphia,\\nand York, Penn.\\nWeston Flint, hospitals at St. Louis, Mo.\\nCaleb Clark, hospitals at Washington, and Frederick, Md.\\nD. O. Farrand, hospitals at Detroit.\\nAUSTIN BLAIR.\\nThe result of the vote for Presidential electors was as follows\\nREPUBLICAN.\\nRobert R. Beecher 9,402\\nThomas D. Gilbert 9,402\\nFrederick Waldorf 9,402\\nMarsh Giddings 9,402\\nChristian Eberbach 9,402\\nPerry Hannah 9,402\\nOmar D. Conger 9,402\\nGeorse W. Peck 9,402\\nDEMOCllATIC.\\nSamuel T. Douglas. 2,959\\nRix Robinson 2,959\\nHenry Hart 2,959\\nRoyal T. Twombly 2,920\\nD. Darwin Hughes 2,959\\nJohn Lewis 2,959\\nMichael E. Crofoot 2,942\\nRichard Edwards ...2,935\\nThe number of imperfect votes was 47.\\nThe vote for Governor was Henry H. Crapo, Republican, 9,612, and\\nWilliam M. Fenton, Democrat, 2,992.\\nThe infantry regiments which did not vote were the 10th, 11th, 13th,\\n14th, and 21st of the cavalry, the 1st, 4th, 6th, and 9th, and of the light\\nartillery, battery G.\\nRECEPTION OF TROOPS.\\nEarly in June, 1865, and prior to the return to the State of the first troops\\nfrom the field, a meeting was held in the city of Detroit for the purpose of\\ntaking measures to provide for the returning Michigan regiments such re-\\nfreshments and attention as they might stand in need of on their arrival in\\nthe city, and the following committees were appointed\\nCommittee of Reception. Ladies Mrs. Brent, T. K. Adams, Silas Holmes,\\nWalter Ingersoll, John Palmer, J. S. Farrand, L. B. Willard, Jabez Holmes,\\nL. S. Trowbridge, Slocum, and A. C. INIcGraw. Gentlemen Rev. George\\nTaylor, Messrs. J. W. Farrell, Ed. Wetmore, W. S. Penfield, F. Wetmore,\\nT. K. Adams, George W. Hudson, Jabez Holmes, E. C. Walker, George\\nShcley, and H. M. Wright.\\nCommittee of Finance. Messrs. E. B. Ward, David Preston, C. H. Buhl,\\nJohn Owen, C. C. Trowbridge, R. N. Rice, Mark Flanigan, W. K. Muir,\\nEdmund Trowbridge, and Ira Davis.\\nMr. H. R. Johnson was selected as purveyor and superintendent of tables,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "RECEPTION OF TROOPS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 PRESENTATION OF COLORS. 213\\nand proved the right man in the right phice, performing much service and\\nto the satisfaction of all concerned.\\nBy the gratuitous and attentive services of these committees, involving\\nmuch labor, both early and late, aided by a number of ladies and gentle-\\nmen, and sustained by the liberal contributions of the citizens, so generously\\nmade, the object was most successfully accomplished, and from June 4th,\\n1865, down to June 10th, 1866, 14,510 Michigan and 3,506 Wisconsin troops\\nhad been received and entertained.\\nR. N. Rice, Esq., Superintendent of the Michigan Central Railroad, Avith\\nhis accustomed liberality and kindness, permitted the committees to use the\\nupper story of the freight house of the Michigan Central Railroad, which\\nwas properly fitted up as a dining hall and appropriately decorated.\\nDuring the whole period in which regiments arrived in Detroit, the Rev.\\nGeorge Taylor, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and formerly chaplain\\nin the 8th Michigan infantry, an agent of the Christian Commission, was\\npermitted by that association to devote his time to the returning troops.\\nHe was most attentive, seldom failing to be present on their arrival, taking\\nthe management of their reception, and rendering efficient services. Ever\\nready with a warm and enthusiastic welcome, w hich our Michigan men as\\nwell as those of Wisconsin will long remember.\\nAt Jackson, a rendezvous for returned troops, similar arrangements were\\ngenerously and liberally made by the citizens, and during the time specified\\nabove 10,659 Michigan troops had been received and entertained in a like\\nmanner as at Detroit.\\nMost of these troops arriving in Detroit came via the splendid Detroit\\nand Cleveland line of steamers, then consisting of the Morning Star, (since\\nlost,) Captain E. R. Viger, and the City of Cleveland, Captain William\\nMcKay. The kindness extended to so many regiments of Michigan and\\nWisconsin troops, and especially to returning sick and disabled soldiers, on\\nevery occasion by their officers and owners, have most positively identified\\nthese steamers with the history of Michigan and Wisconsin troops. ]\\\\Iany\\nthousands of them will look back with grateful memory to the time when,\\nW eary, dusty, and longing for home and friends, their eyes first caught a\\nglimpse of them and the blue, cooling waters of Lake Erie.\\nPRESENTATION OF COLORS.\\nThe presentation of the colors of Michigan regiments to the State, which\\ntook place in Detroit on the 4th of July, 1866, was an occasion of no ordi-\\nnary interest to the inhabitants of that city and the people of the State gen-\\nerally. In the Adjutant-General s report for that year is found the follow-\\ning notices of these ragged but interesting standards\\nNext of interest to the return to the State of the men themselves who\\nhave so nobly established and sustained its reputation in the field, and so\\nconspicuously aided in the salvation of the nation, is the return of the colors\\nunder which their services were so bravely and fiiithfully performed and so\\nsuccessfully consummated.\\nThese tattered but honored banners are the cherished and venerated\\nemblems of great public services rendered by the soldiers of the State to the\\nRepiiblic, and are universally acknowledged as the symbols of regimental\\nbravery, individual courage, loyalty, and jiatriotism and are recognized as\\ntokens of fraternal associations, formed and cemented in trying times and\\nunder most extraordinary circumstances, enduring while life lasts.\\nThey are, aside from that, indelibly stamped on the hearts of the people,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "214 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURLXG THE REBELLION.\\nthe most forcible memeutos of the gallant regiments that so heroically up-\\nheld and so persistently stood by them and the country, even in the darkest\\ndays of the war.\\nThey were as little specs in the long lines of the great American armies,\\nyet they were often watched in the advancing columns with intense anxiety,\\nbut with strong confidence and hope by the greatest generals of the land.\\nTo bear them aloft was a signal for rebel bullets, often bringing swift\\nand certain death, but they were never trailed in the dust nor lacked a gal-\\nlant bearer. On them many a noble son of Michigan has looked his last\\nand bade farewell to life.\\nOn the 19th of May preceding an order was issued from the State Mili-\\ntary Department, by direction of the Governor, determining the 4th of July\\nfor the presentation of these colors, and extending a cordial invitation to\\nthe officers and soldiers of all the regiments to be present. Following is an\\nextract from that order, Avhich finds a fitting place here\\nThe appropriateness of setting apart the national birthday for that pur-\\npose will be fully recognized and appreciated. Its hallowed memories will\\nremind the patriots present of the gallant struggle of their patriotic fore-\\nfathers in establishing the Government in the defence and maintenance of\\nwhich they have been so successfully instrumental.\\nThe State will be highly honored in receiving on that great national\\nday the cherished evidences of the manhood, courage, and patriotism of its\\nsoldiers, and of their eminently gallant and meritorious services to the Re-\\npublic in its great and successful battle for national existence, and it will\\nproudly accept and faithfully retain and preserve them as sacred mementos\\nthereof and of the loyalty and patriotism of its people.\\nThe congregated emblems of National and State prowess, and of regi-\\nmental bravery and fraternal associations there presented, will revive in\\nthe mind of every soldier recollections of great and gallant deeds, of days\\nand nights fraught with anxiety, doubt, danger, and death, of sacrifices to\\npatriotism, of hairbreadth escapes, of attacks, of repulses, of sad defeats,\\nof glorious victories, of long and weary marches, of hunger, thirst, and cold,\\nand of sorrow and sadness for fallen comrades but all will look upon them\\nwith reverential pride, and recognize them as having been their guiding\\nstar in many brilliant but sanguinary conflicts, having followed them in the\\nvictorious charge of the assaulting column, having from them received\\nsilent directions when all orders were lost in the din and confusion of con-\\ntending armies, and having under their tattered but glorious stars and stripes\\nbattled long and bravely for the right.\\nOn the 19th of June, in accordance with instructions from the War De-\\npartment, ]\\\\Iajor John H. Knight, chief mustering officer, addressed the\\nfollowing letter to the Adjutant-General of the State, at which time the\\nflags were officially delivered at the military headquarters of the State\\nOffice Chief Mustering Officer,\\nDetroit, Mich., June 19, 1866.\\nBrig. Gen. John Robertson,\\nAdjutant General State of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan\\nGeneral All the regiments sent from the State of Michigan to put\\ndown the rebellion of the Suuthcrn States having now been nmstered out of\\nservice, paid ofi and disl)anded, the time has arrived when I should, in\\ncompliance with orders from the War Department, deliver to the Governor\\nof the State the flags turned over to me by the officers of the disbanded\\nregiments.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "PRESENTATION OF COLORS. 215\\nI have the honor, this day, to deliver to you (you being at the head of\\nthe State INIilitary Bureau and its chief officer) all of them in my possession.\\nPlease find a list of the flags inclosed. In turning them over to you I\\nam sensibly reminded that they are the flags under which so many brave\\nand successful deeds have been performed so many valuable lives given\\nup in the cause of the Union and republican liberty, and such beneficial\\nresults obtained.\\nIn the history of the world we are unable to find where mankind was\\nengaged in a better or more glorious cause, or where the results have been\\nmore important to the cause of humanity and good government and if the\\nsons of Michigan have been called upon to give up their lives, and part with\\nthe dearest earthly objects, those whose immediate loss has been great\\nthereby have a sweet consolation in the fact that their blood is the seed\\nfrom which will grow up fruits dear to succeeding millions of freemen, and\\nwho will not fail to render that devout homage to their memory whenever\\nthey shall gather around the Altars of Liberty to offer up thanks to Him\\nwho is grea,t over all, for the glorious heritage which those gallant defenders\\nhave so permanently secured. They will, therefore, live in their deeds,\\nwhilst a single pillar of the Republic stands. Those who under these flags\\nsurvived the terrible battles which have been fought during the late rebel-\\nlion, in the cause of our great and powerful Government, will see and enjoy\\nthe rich fruits of their heroic deeds, and with full hearts will join their\\nfellow-countrymen in rendering tribute to the memory of their comrades\\nwho fell in the bloody strife. And when all who have partici])ated in the\\nwar for the Union have [)assed away, succeeding generations will catch up\\nthe songs of praise now being sung over the glories achieved, and will chant\\nthem with renewed and grateful strains through all time to come.\\nIt was very pi oper that orders were made to deposit these flags with the\\nState authorities. Torn and tattered into mere strips though they be, yet\\neach piece will be most sacredly preserved by each succeeding State ad-\\nministration, and upon all great national occasions when they are brought\\nforth, they will call together not only those who, under their folds battled\\nfor the preservation of the Republic, but lovers of liberty from all parts of\\nthe State and they will continually remind the people of the priceless\\nheritage W hich has been secured to themselves and to coming genei ations.\\nOnly those who carried them through the frightful scenes of suffering and\\ndeath can fully realize the terrible ordeals through which our great nation\\nhas been preserved, yet all will be reminded how great is the boon of con-\\nstitutional freedom and the warning they Avill exhibit to treason will be\\nsufficient to stay its hand and compel obedience when inclination would\\ndirect acts of rebellion.\\nBy depositing these flags with the State authorities in each State, the\\nauthorities of the Government have placed therein a monument in memory\\nof its glories which will be most cherished, and whenever beheld by the\\npeople will far surpass, in the feelings of veneration which they will call\\nforth, all the i)illars of marble or granite which human genius could build.\\nIt will be remembered that they have passed through the scenes of strife,\\nand that they have been carried by the hands of the brave men themselves,\\nwho fought and died for our national liberties. It will be seen that on them\\nis inscribed the names of the battles passed through, where the fate of liberty\\nwas staked and decided and with what feelings of reverence will these\\nstrips of bunting be h)oked upon by the father, mother, brother, or sister,\\nwhose son or brother marched to victory or glorious death under their folds.\\nWhilst all patriots on viewing these battle-flags will remember and mourn", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "216 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe loss of life and regret the vast expenditures which have been made to\\npreserve our liberties, yet all will rejoice over the glorious results which\\nhave been achieved.\\nPermit me to congratulate, through you, the people of Michigan, for the\\nbrilliant and conspicuous part performed by Michigan regiments in the late\\nwar f )r the Union. I believe there is no blot upon their record, but all is\\nbright, conspicuous and glorious, whilst an extraordinary number of per-\\nsonal distinctions shine upon the pages.\\nExpressing my sensibility of the fortunate honor in being the instrument\\nof the Government for delivering to the State these sacred colors,\\nI remain your most obedient servant,\\nJOHN H. KNIGHT,\\nBrevet Major U. S. Army,\\nChief Mustering Officer, Michigan.\\nThe invitation extended by the Governor to the soldiers of Michigan to\\nbe present, was responded to in keeping with the great love which they\\nhave always borne for the old flag, under all circumstances* and they\\nrallied in great numbers under the war-worn folds of their old banner as\\nin times gone by.\\nOn the day set apart for the purpose, the colors referred to were for-\\nmally presented by the respective regiments, through his Excellency, to the\\nState.\\nI saw the soldiers come to-day\\nFrom battle-fields afar\\nNo conqueror rode before their way,\\nOn his triumphal car;\\nBut Captains, like themselves, on foot,\\nAnd banners sadly torn,\\nAll grandly eloquent, though mute,\\nIn pride and glory borue.\\nThose banners soiled with dust and smoke,\\nAnd rent by shot and shell,\\nThat through the serried phalanx broke,\\nWhat terrors could they tell\\nWhat tales of sudden pain and death\\nIn every cannon s boom\\nWhen e en the bravest held his breath,\\nAnd waited for his doom.\\nThe Hon. M. I. Mills, Mayor of Detroit, presided on the occasion, and,\\nin a most happy speech, welcomed the troops present.\\nThe ceremonies were commenced with prayer, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop\\nMcCoskry. The flags were presented on behalf of the troops by General\\nO. B. AVilcox, in a happily conceived and stirring speech, and were received\\nin an eloquent and appropriate address by Governor Crapo, and the cer-\\nemonies were closed by the Rev. Dr. DulHeld, with an impressive bene-\\ndiction.\\nIt is proper and just to mention that the action of the State authorities\\nwas cheerfully aided and must liberally sustained by the citizens t)f De-\\ntroit, aud after the presentation, the returned troops partook of a sub-\\nstantial repast, prepared for them by the people, and were waited upon\\nat the tables by over three hundred ladies aud a large number of gen-\\ntlemen.\\nThe afPair was graced and honored by the largest and most magnificent\\ncelebration ever had in Michigan, and was participated in by tlie most", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "THE HARPER HOSPITAL. 217\\nnumerous asscmblii,o:e of people, from all parts of the State, ever congre-\\ngated within its borders.\\nOne hundred and twenty-three of these flags were presented, belonging to\\nthe various regiments, and are now deposited in the archives of jMichigan,\\nthere to be sacredly kept and carefully preserved. Around them cluster\\nhallowed memories of companions in arms, of regimental bravery, and\\nState pride, of national grandeur and prowess, of individual heroism,\\nof fallen comrades and family bereavements, and of a nation saved.\\nTHE HARPER HOSPITAL.\\nIn 1863 representations were made to the Government by Colonel Charles\\nS. Tripler, surgeon United States Army, then United States Medical Di-\\nrector in the State, that the erection of a general hospital at Detroit, for\\nthe reception and care of sick and wounded Michigan soldiers, was an\\nabsolute necessity. Accompanying these representations was an urgent\\nre(]uest for immediate action in the matter. Colonel Tripler was ably\\naided in this effort by Colonel George W. Lee, chief quartermaster, and\\nDr. D. O. Farrand, assistant surgeon. United States army. The object\\nhad also the influence and recommendation of the Governor and military\\nauthorities of the State.\\nAfter much laborious correspondence and provoking delays, the autho-\\nrity was finally obtained, under an order from the Secretary of War, and\\nthe work on Harper Hospital was commenced early in 1864, under the\\nsuperintendence of Colonel Lee.\\nInstead of constructing the building with three stories or more, as had\\nusually been the custom, the hospital w as made up of eleven one-story\\nbuildings, with the offices and dispensary in the centre, and the whole\\nrange connected with each other by a covered aisle in the rear, rendering\\ningress and egress easy and comfortable.\\nIt cost about sixty thousand dollars, aside from the grounds, the use of\\nwhich was given gratis by the trustees of the Harper Hos])ital Association.\\nIt had a capacity of about eight hundred patients. Particular attention\\nhaving been given in its construction to ventilation and drainage, with\\nsuperior water arrangements, coupled with exceedingly capable uumage-\\nment, it was known as one of the most complete, comfortable, and best-\\nregulated general hospitals in the West.\\nWhen completed, Dr. Farrand was placed in charge, assisted by Dr. W.\\nA. Chandler, Dr. William C. Catlin, Dr. E. W. Jenks, and Dr. G. W.\\nFitzpatrick.\\nEarly in the spring of 1865 Dr. Farrand was relieved by Dr. Byron\\nStanton, a surgeon of volunteers, who remained in charge only a few weeks,\\nwhen he resigned to accept a position in an insane asylum in Ohio.\\nDr. Farrand was again placed in charge, and continued on duty until\\nin June or July, when he was, at his own request, transferred to Fort\\nWayne, near Detroit, to take charge of the hospital at that post.\\nlir. Wynkoop, a surgeon of volunteers, from Philadelphia, succeeded\\nDr. Farrand, and remained in charge until the close of the hospital, in\\nDecember, 186.3. It was, soon after, given by the Government to the trus-\\ntees of the Harper Hospital, a corporate body, having in view the estab-\\nlishment of a hospital by that name, for charitable purposes, on condition\\ntliat sufficient accommodation should be at all times furnished as a\\nSoldiers Home, for the invalid and destitute jNIichigan soldiers and\\nsailors, and it is now being in part used for that purpose.\\nN*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "218 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe erection of this hospital, at that time affording so much comfort and\\naid to the sick and wounded who needed it so much, should be accepted\\nby the people of Michigan as a most favorable and generous recognition of\\nthe great claims of the State and her soldiers upon the Government, and\\nthe efibrts made to secure it by the gentlemen named, should entitle them\\nto the grateful remembrance and thanks of every soldier, and to the\\nkindest consideration of their friends.\\nTHE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MONUiMENT.\\nThe people of Michigan, gratefully appreciating the services and sacri-\\nfices of her sons who gave up the dearest boon to man, life, and of those who\\nrisked it in the same glorious cause, early in the war determined to per-\\npetuate their memories and great deeds by erecting a monument chisseled\\nfrom the white marble or the beautiful granite of America, magnificently\\nand appropriately ornamented with figures of bronze or marble.\\nThis measure was inaugurated at a public meeting held by citizens of\\nDetroit on July 20th, 1861, when it was resolved to erect a monument to\\nthe noble dead who had fallen in the war. Judge B. F. H. Witherell, Col.\\nE. Backus, U. S. A., Messrs. Charles C. Trowbridge, J. AV. Tillman, and\\nCol. H. A. Morrow were aj^pointed a committee to carry out the resolution.\\nThis committee met on the 6th day of August following, and organized by\\nthe appointment of Judge Witherell chairman, J. W. Tillman treasurer,\\nand T. W. Palmer secretary.\\nAfter several meetings and consultations with friends of the measure it\\nwas deemed best to postpone immediate action and await the termination\\nof the Avar and the crushing out of the rebellion. This desirable result hav-\\ning been reached, a meeting was held in Detroit on July 20th, 1865, when\\nit was resolved to refer the whole matter to a committee of seven, with in-\\nstructions to prepare and report at a subsequent meeting a full and com-\\nplete plan of organization, and also to present the names of suitable persons\\nto fill the positions or offices they might recommend. Messrs. J. W. Till-\\nman, C. C. Trowbridge, John Owen, J. F. Conover, T. W. Palmer, B. F. H.\\nWitherell, and John Kobertson were appointed such committee, with power\\nto call the next meeting.\\nA meeting was held on the 11th of August following, when the committee\\nin their report recommended that 850,000 be raised by subscription, and\\nsubmitted a plan of organization and labor, naming as a board of directors\\nfor the management of the business of the association\\nHon. B. F. H. Witherell, Detroit.\\nHon. C. C. Trowbridge, Detroit.\\nJ. W. Tillman, Esq., Detroit.\\nGen. H. A Morrow, Detroit.\\nT. W. Palmer, Esq., Detroit.\\nHon. II. P. Baldwin, Detroit.\\nHon. John Owen, Detroit.\\nHon. Henry N. Walker, Detroit.\\nW. A. Butler, Esq.. Detroit.\\nB. Vernor, Esq., Detroit.\\nC. F. Clark, E.sq., Detroit.\\nHon. W. A. Howard, Detroit.\\nGen. John llobertson, Detroit.\\nHon. J. F. Joy, Detroit.\\nMiijor Gen. K. O. C. Ord, Detroit.\\nMajor Gen. 0. B. Wilcox, Defpit.\\nMajor G -n. A. S. Williams, Detroit.\\nHis Excellency Gov. H. H. Crapo, Flint.\\nHon. E. H. Thompson, Flint.\\nEx-Gov. Austin Blair, Jackson.\\nHon. James Birney, Bay City.\\nHon. E. J. Penniman, Plymouth.\\nJames Burtenshaw, Esq., Ontonagon.\\nS. F. Page, Esq., Ionia.\\nHon. Giles Hubbard, Mount Clemens.\\nJohn A. Kerr, Esq., Lansing.\\nDr. Potter, East Saginaw.\\nHon. Peter White, Marquette.\\nHon. T. D. Gilbert, Grand Rapids.\\nHon. llezekiali G. Wells, Kalamazoo.\\nHon. R. C. Paine, Niles.\\nHon. W. S. Maynard, Ann Arbor.\\nTak-ott E. Wing, Esq., Monroe.\\nHon. R. K. Beeeher, Adrian.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "THE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MONUMENT.\\n219\\nW. 0. McConnell, Esq., Pontiac.\\nWitter J. Baxter, Esq., Jonesville.\\nHon. Charles T. Gorham, MarshalL\\nHon. John R. Kellogg, Allegan.\\nHon. T. W. Ferry, Grand Haven.\\nHon. Edwin Moore, Three Rivers.\\nHon. A. H. Morrison, St. Joseph.\\nHon. W. L. Bancroft, St. Clair county.\\nHon. George Rediield, Cass county.\\nMorgan Bates, Esq Grand Traverse.\\nII. Shelton, Esq., Houghton.\\nWm. II. .Mallby, Esq., Sheboygan.\\nWm. McPherson, Esq., Livingston county.\\nHon. Chauncey Davis, Muskegon.\\nHon. G. T. Wendell, Mackinac.\\nHon. Alex. Campbell, Marquette.\\nHon. H. A. Waldron, Hillsdale county.\\nHon. H. A. Divine, Montcalm county.\\nMajor A. B. Watson, Newaygo county.\\nD. Bethune Duffield, Esq., Detroit.\\nJ. F. Conover, Esq., Detroit.\\nA. Mar.xhausen, Esq., Detroit.\\nM. Kramer, Esq., Detroit.\\nTheodore Romcyn, Esq., Detroit.\\nC. I. Walker, Esq., Detroit.\\nGen. W. A. Throop, Detroit.\\nHon. G. V. N. Lothrop, Detroit.\\nHon. Wilson Green, Oceana county.\\nT. W. Planners, Esq., Ontonagon county.\\nJohn Moore, Esq., Saginaw county.\\nHon. G. W. Pack, Huron county.\\nHon. Luther Smith, Gratiot county.\\nT. C. Owen, Esq., St. Clair county.\\nHon. J. K. Boies, Lenawee county.\\nHon. Hugh McCurdy, Shiawassee county.\\nICol. W. L. Stoughton, St. Joseph county.\\nMilton Bradley, Esq., Isabella county.\\nCapt. Roe, steamer Michigan.\\nHon. C. A. Staccy, Lenawee county.\\nHon. W. G. Beckwith, Cass county.\\nHon. S. .M. Cutcheon, Washtenaw county.\\nJ. B. Crippen, Esq., Branch county.\\nHon. James Arraitage, Monroe county.\\nHon. N. G. Isbell, Wayne county.\\nHon. Jas. B. Walker, Grand Traverse co.\\nHon. M. E. Crofooi, Oakland county.\\nHon. James A. Sweezey, Barry county.\\nJ. E. Fisher, Esq., Leelenaw county.\\nHon. Delos Filer, Manistee county.\\nHon. Perry Hannah, Grand Traverse co.\\nHon. P. B. Barbeau, Chippewa county.\\nHon. Townsend North, Tuscola county,\\nHon. Edwin H. Lothrop, St. Joseph county.\\nJ. S. Farrand, Esq., Detroit.\\nHon. V. P. Collier, Calhoun county.\\nJesse Crowell, Esq., Calhoun county.\\nHon. Charles Mears, Mason county.\\nJohn Larken, Esq., Midland county.\\nJohn L. Woods, Esq., Salinac county.\\nMajor Gen. Pierce, Kent county.\\nS. W. Hill, Esq., Keewenaw county.\\nE. S. Ingalls, Esq., Menominee county.\\nJohn Roost, Esq., Ottawa county.\\nHon. II A. Shaw, Eaton county.\\nHon. George Luther, Ottawa county.\\nNiel Gray, Esq., Macomb county.\\nCol. J. R. White, Lapeer county.\\nHon. P. Haydeu, Van Buren county.\\nCharles Kipp, Esq., Clinton county.\\nS. M. Seely, Branch county.\\nFrom this body the committee designated as the officers of the association\\nHon. B. F. H. Witherell, president Gen. H. A. Morrow, vice president J.\\nW. Tillman, Esq., treastirer Hon. John Owen, auditor T. W. Palmer,\\nEsq., secretary, and J. W. Romeyn, Esq., associate .secretary.\\nThe committee also named as tlie executive committee Hon. C. C. Trow-\\nbridge, Hon. John Owen, Hon. H. P. Baldwin, Hon. H. N. Walker, J. F.\\nConover, Esq., and C. J. Walker, Esq., all of Detroit; Ex-Governor Blair,\\nof Jackson; Hon. E. H. Thompson, of Flint, and Hon. S. M. Cutcheon, of\\nYpsilanti, with the president, treasurer, and secretary ex officio.\\nOn June 20, 1867, a meeting was held with Judge Witherell (president)\\nin the chair, when Mr. Trowbridge submitted a report, which he had been\\nselected to prepare, on the relative merits of the various designs sent in by\\ndifferent competing artists.\\nOn the morning of the 27th Judge Witherell died, and the association\\nwas called upon to deplore the loss of its original founder, an officer pecu-\\nliarly interested in its patriotic work, and who gave to it the last hour of\\nhis life.\\nOn the 28th of June the various designs, plans, and estimates were ex-\\namined by the Board of Directors, and their relative merits fully and fairly\\ndisciLssed. On coming together in the afternoon of that day a ballot was\\nhad to determine the choice of the directors, when it was found that decided\\npreference was given to the design by Randolph Rogers, the eminent Amer-\\nican sculptor, a native of ^Michigan, and a citizen of Ann Arbor when a\\nvoung man, wlu) is also the contractor for the entire work.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "220 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe monument, Avhen finisherl, is to stand about forty-six feet, to be\\ncrowned by a colossal statue of IMichigan ten feet high, a semi-civilized In-\\ndian Queen, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left the\\nfigure in motion as if rushiug forward in defence of her country. Beneath\\nthe plinth on whicli she stands are stars and Avreaths. On the next section\\nin front is the dedication, Erected by the people of i\\\\Iichig-an in honor of\\nthe martyrs who fell aud the heroes who fought in defence of Liberty and\\nUnion. Ou the left are the ai-ms of the State on the right are the arms\\nof the United States. On ihe ])rojecting bulments below are four allegori-\\ncal figures seated. These figures, if standing, would be six and a half feet\\nhigh, and they represent Victory, Union, Emancipation, and History, On\\nthe next section below, standing ujwn projecting hutments are the defendei-s\\nof Liberty and Union, tlie re[)resentations of the army and navy, four\\nstatues, seven feet high, .soldiers of inlantiy, artillery, aud cavalry, with a\\nsailor of the navy. Between these statues it is proposed to place bassi re-\\nlievi, provided sufficient funds are obtained to defray the cost. In the\\nmeantime the panels may be left vacant without injury to the general effect.\\nIn the single panel the artist has sketched Mr. Lincoln holding in one hand\\nthe emancipation proclamation, and in the other a pen. On either side of\\nthe basd relievi are tablets where may be registered the names of battles or\\nother inscriptions. On the outer pedestals are four eagles. All these figures\\nare to be of the finest bronze.\\nMr. Rogers ])reseuted an estimate for the Avork in detail, each part being\\nseparately stated, the gross sum being 650,000, aside from the architectural\\npart of granite or marble, which he estimated at S10,000, and a contract\\nwas entei ed into accordingly.\\nThe four allegorical figures embraced in his design are not included in\\nthis estimate, and if placed ou the structure will increase the cost the amount\\nof their value.\\nThe association was incorporated in 18G8 by the Legislature, and its\\naffairs are now managed by a Board of Trustees, composed of John Owen,\\nH. P. Baldwin, Theodore Komeyn, Wm. A. Butler, R. A. Alger, George F.\\nBagley, James NV. Romeyn, Henry N. Walker, Thomas W. Palmer, David\\nPreston, J. F. Conover, C. C. Trowbridge, and G. V. N. Lotlirop, of De-\\ntroit Austin Blair, of Jackson, and S. M. Cutcheon, of Ypsilanti.\\nTh(? officers of the association at i)resent are Charles C. Trowbridge, pres-\\nident; John Owen, vice president; AVm. A. Butler, treasurer; James W.\\nEomeyn, and Thomas W. Palmer, secretaries. Committee on Finance,\\nHenry P. Baldwin, George V. N. Lothrop, and George F. Bagley, of De-\\ntroit.\\nIn February, 1866, the Rev. George Taylor was employed as the general\\nsoliciting and collecting agent, rendering valuable and faithful service.\\nIn March, 1866, General B. M. Cutcheon, of IManistec, vohniteered his\\nservices in aid of the measure, giving manly energy and successful effort to\\nthe cause.\\nNearly sufficient funds are on hand to meet the obligations of the asso-\\nciation, and they expect to raise an additional sum, adequate to placing the\\nallegorical figures on the monument, and thus complete the full design of\\nthe sculptor.\\nThe ornamental figures are being cast at Munich, and the association\\nexpect the monument will be completed by the 4th of July, 1871.\\nThe corner-stone Avas laid in the city of Detroit on July 4, 1867, by\\nGrand IMastcr S. G. Coffinbury, of the Masonic fraternity, in presence of\\nGrand Connuanderies and Grand Lod re of that order, and the Grand", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "CEMETERIES. 221\\nLodge of the order of Odd Fellows, together with a great many lodges of\\nboth orders, several lodges of Good Templars, the United States troops\\nfrom Forts Wayne and Gratiot, with the State troops of the city, and an\\nimmense gathering of people from all parts of the State, while the interest\\nof the occasion wjis very acceptably increased by the eloquent and appro-\\npriate oration of Governor Blair.\\nCEMETERIES AT GETTYSBURG, SlIARPSBURG, AND ANDERSONVILLE.\\nThe State of IMichigan has always been ready and prompt to respond to\\ncalls made for means to ini2 )rove cemeteries for the heroic dead of the\\nnation, and to raise permanent works of art and beauty in their honor and\\nto perpetuate their memories.\\nI3y an act of the Legislature, approved February 3, 18G4, the sum of\\n$3,500 of the war fund was appropriated for the purpose of paying the\\nproportion of this State of the estimated expense of preparing the ground\\nfurnishing the Soldiers National Cemetery, at Gettysburg, in the State of\\nPennsylvania, and of making improvements upon that portion thereof\\nwhich is set apart to this State; ^vhich sura the Governor was authorized\\nto disburse for said purposes.\\nThe Governor was also authorized to appoint a commissioner, Avhenever\\nand for such time as he might deem necessary, to superintend the disburse-\\nment of said apjiropriation, and to takb charge of and represent the in-\\nterest of this State in said cemetery, under his direction and subject to his\\ncontrol. Li accordance with this provision, the Hon. T. ^Y. Ferry was\\nappointed.\\nBy an act of the Legislature, approved March 8th, 1865, the further\\nsum of 82,500 of said war fund was appropriated for the purpose of paying\\nthe })roportion of the expense of this State in completing and keeping in\\nrepair said cemetery.\\nThe cemetery contains 3,559 bodies, of which 979 are in the unknown\\nlots, and 2,580 identified, are lying in the State lots. Numerically, Michi-\\ngan stands third in the number slain and proportionably to population\\nshe ranks first in this sacrifice to be made memorable forever by a nation s\\ngratitude.\\nINIr. Ferry closes his final and very able report, made to the Governor in\\n1804, covering his entire duties, Avith the following eloquent remarks\\nIt will, however, matter little ivho were immediately instrumental in\\ndevising and developing the sacred memorial which is to hand down to\\nfuture generations the lustrous records of patriots who prized country above\\nlife.\\nThey will be forgotten, while shaft, and speech, and song shall tell of\\nbattle and heroism to ages yet unborn. The decisive contest the turning\\nstrife of the war, from which victory, leaping from field to field, eventuated\\nin peace, national liberty, and reunion this, this alone, will be tlie en-\\nduring, emblazoning chaplet which time shall weave for the gallant heroes\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0who sleep beneath the shadow of the nation s mausoleum at Gettysburg.\\nThe State also appropriated at the session of the Legislature, in 18(37,\\nher proportion (83,344.88) for the purchase, preparation, and care of the\\nAntietam National Cemetery at Sharpsburg, Md. The Governor appointed\\nJohn I. Bagley, Esq., as trustee to represent the State in the corporation\\nformed for the purpose named.\\nIn this resting place Michigan numbers 137 of the heroic dead.\\n]\\\\Iost favorable locations for the dead of Michigan have been secured by", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "222 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthese gentlemen in both cemeteries, and every duty confided to them has\\nbeen most faithfully executed.\\nSince the termination of the war, the General Government, through the\\nQuartermaster s Department, has been making most praiseworthy and very\\nsuccessful efforts to gather together the bodies of the soldiers who fell in\\nbattle, and who died in hospital, in rebel prison, or by the wayside, into the\\nnational cemeteries designated by the War Department. With much\\ncare and great labor the graves have been prepared and marked with tablets,\\ngiving name, company, and regiment. These cemeteries have been enclosed,\\nthe grounds laid out and beautified, and persons appointed to protect them\\nfrom desecration. Proper records, as far as practicable, have been made\\nof those buried in each, and they have been made up in printed volumes,\\ncopies of which have been furnished to the various States.\\nAndersonville, Georgia, a rebel prison pen, associated as it is with the\\nintentional perpetration of the most inhuman barbarities ever committed by\\na savage or civilized people, is the most noted of the national cemeteries, con-\\ntaining nearly thirteen thousand graves of Union soldiers. Among this\\nnumber are those of six hundred and twenty-three brave Michigan men,\\nwho, sooner than accept the standing proposition to enter the rebel ranks\\nand disown their State and their country, suffered death by starvation, ex-\\nposure, and every conceivable manner of brutal cruelty inflicted by rebel\\nofficers, and with the full knowledge of the Confederate authorities at Rich-\\nmond.\\nRest on, embalmed and sainted dead,\\nDear as the blood ye gave\\nNo impious footsteps here shall tread\\nThe herbage of your grave\\nNor shall your glory be forgot\\nWhile Fame her record keeps,\\nOr Honor points the hallow d spot\\nWhere valor proudly sleeps.\\nREBEL RAID FROM CANADA.\\nThe State of INIichigan, being on the Canadian border, was much har-\\nrassed by threatenings of invasion, and at times much exposed to raids of\\nrebel refugees and marauders, who had found a cheerful welcome and con-\\ngenial companions, with a safe asylum in the provinces, and who were aided\\nin these raids by the Confederate Government at Richmond, and led by its\\ncommissioned emissaries, receiving at the same time a hearty encouragement\\nfrom a very large proportion of the Canadian people, who were in a most\\nunnatural but strong sympathy with the rebellion, and who were ever ready\\nto incite and assist when rebels found it advisable to make incursions into\\nthe adjacent States to pillage and destroy.\\nIn the Adjutant-General s report for 1864 is found the following account\\nof a raid made in September of that year, and which is illustrative of the\\ncondition of aflfairs in this respect on the frontier about that time\\nIn November, 1863, the War Department was officially notified by the\\nBritish Minister, Lord Lyons, that from a telegraphic despatch received by\\nhim from the Governor-General of Canada there was reason to believe that\\na plot was on foot, by persons hostile to the United States, who had found\\nan asylum in Canada, to invade the States on that frontier; that they\\nproposed to take possession of some of the steamers on Lake Erie, to sur-\\n[)rise Johnson s Island, near Sandusky, and set free the rebel prisoners of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "REBEL RAID FROM CANADA. 223\\nwar confined there, and proceed with them to attack Buffalo. This infor-\\nmation was communicated by the War Department to the Governors of the\\nStates bordering on Canada and to the military and civil authorities there-\\nof, and urging them to employ all the means in their power to suppress any\\nattempt to carry the plot into effect. That there was such a scheme on foot,\\nand that it was concocted and put in operation in Canada by the Rebel\\nGovernment, there can be no doubt, as circumstances have transpired and\\ndocumentary evidence received during the past year fully confirming it, and\\nthat its execution was only prevented at that time by the prompt measures\\ntaken by the military authorities in the States referred to, and although\\ntheir plans were frustrated their determination was still to carry them into\\neffect, and their execution was only deferred until a more favorable oppor-\\ntunity. During the present year the United States military officers, and\\nalso the civil and military authorities of the State, have been almost daily\\nin the receipt of rumors and reports from various sources of contemplated\\nraids to be made on American frontier cities and on the shipping of the\\nlakes to burn and destroy, many of which could not be traced to any reli-\\nable origin, yet they served to keep up a continual state of excitement and\\nalarm in the cities and villages on the border of the State, and to require\\nthe vigilant attention of the authorities, and all the preparations within their\\npower to successfully meet any attempted invasion of the State were made,\\nwhich were considered at tlie time ample to repel any force that might\\nbe expected of that description. Yet, notwithstanding, there was a distrust\\nand a nervous foreboding of coming mischief amongst the people of the\\nfrontier cities and villages. This distrust also prevailed among the railroad\\nagencies and those engaged in the shipping on the lakes, which led to the\\narming of the community generally as individuals, and of railroad trains\\nand lake and river steamers, and to the establishing of safeguards about\\nprivate dwellings, public places of business, and railroad depots. This con-\\ndition of affairs continued no overt act having been committed, and no\\nvi:sible combination of force having been traced to any locality until the 19th\\nday of September, 1864, when they concluded to make the attempt by seiz-\\ning the steamer Philo Parsons, belonging to Detroit and running as a pas-\\nsenger boat from that point to Sandusky, in the State of Ohio. On the\\nmorning of the day above referred to, four of the raiders, including Bonnet\\nG. Burlcy, one of their apparent leaders, took passage on the said boat at\\nDetroit On her way down the Detroit river, on her passage to Sandusky,\\nshe landed at the Canadian ports of Sandwich and Amherstburg, where the\\nbalance of the raiders got on board, the whole, as has since been ascertain-\\ned, numbering about thirty. The following condensed depositions of W. O.\\nAshley and D. C. Nichols, belonging to the steamer, taken as evidence on\\nthe extradition trial of Burley at Toronto, in Canada, gave a full account\\nof the occurrences on board the Philo Parsons during the time the raiders\\nheld possession of her\\nThese depositions showed that the steamboat Philo Parsons was\\nowned by the informant Ashley, and other citizens of the United States\\nthat this vessel was a licensed passenger and freight boat, and was plying\\nbetween the city of Detroit, in the State of Michigan, and the city of San-\\ndusky, in the State of Ohio, and was accustomed to touch in this route at\\nthe Canadian port of Amherstburg, and occasionally at Sandwich, and\\nsometimes at Windsor, Canada. Ashley was clerk on board the steamer.\\nOn Sunday evening, the 18th of September, 1864, she was lying at the city of\\nDetroit, and the prisoner came on board and said to Ashley that he intended\\nto go down in the morning, and that three of his friends were going with", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "224 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nliim, and requested the boat might stop at Sandwicli to take them. Ashley\\ntokl the prisoner that if he took the boat at Detroit, and liis party were\\nready, the boat woukl call for them at Sandwich. The prisoner came on\\nboard the next morning, and reminded Ashley of his promise. The boat\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was stopped at Sandwich, and three persons came on board, without bag-\\ngage or freight. They were well dressed, in the Canadian style. The\\nprisoner said his friends were taking a pleasure trip, and would probably\\nstop at Kelly s Island. At Amherstburg twenty men or more came on board,\\nroughly dressed, and paid their fare to Sandusky. The only baggage\\ntaken on board at Andierstburg was a large old trunk, tied with a cord. In the\\nordinary course the steamer sliould have reached Sandusky about five P.\\nM. Neither the prisoner nor his three foends apparently recognized the\\nmen who came on boai d at Amherstburg. The boat reached Kelly s Island\\nabout four P. M., and proceeded south from the island toward Sandusky,\\nKelly s Island being in the State of Ohio, and about five miles from the\\nmain shore of the United States, After proceeding about two miles, three\\nmen came up to Ashley, drawing revolvers, saying he was a dead man if\\nhe offered resistance. Two of them, as Ashley thought, came on board at\\nSandwich. At this time the prisoner came forward with a revolver in his\\nhand, followed by from twenty-eight to thirty-five men, and leveled the re-\\nvolver at Ashley, ordering him into the ladies cabin, Avhere Ashley imme-\\ndiately went, and from which he saw these parties arm themselves from the\\ntrunk brought on board at Amherstburg, most of them having two re-\\nvolvers, and some having hatchets. The prisoner ordered a sulky and\\nsome pig iron, which was on deck, to be thrown overboard, which was\\npartly done. Two men guarded Ashley, and they told him they intended\\nto eaj)ture the United States steamer Michigan, a war vessel. The prison-\\ner acted as one having authority. Plis commands were obeyed. Another\\nsteamer, called the Island Queen, was seized by the same party, at INIiddle\\nBass Island, and the passengers were brought as prisoners on board the\\nPhilo Parsons. A person named Captain Bell was of the prisoner s party,\\nand gave some orders. He told Ashley he wanted him in the office.\\nAshley went there with him and the prisoner. Ashley requested permis-\\nsion to take off the boat s books. They refused. Ashley then said he had\\nsome private j^romissory notes, amounting to about two thousand dollars.\\nThe prisoner took them, looked at them, and said he could not collect\\nthem, and returned them to Ashley. Bell then said to Ashley: We want\\nyour money. He and the prisoners then had revolvers in their hands.\\nAshlev swore he was iu bodily fear, hut did not consider his life in danger,\\nif he did their bidding. He opened the money drawer. There was very\\nlittle money there. The prisoner then said: You have got more money;\\nlet us have it. Ashley took a roll of bills from his vest pocket, and laid\\nit ou the desk. Bell took part and the prisoner took part, and they took\\nthe money in the drawer (about SIO) between them. In the roll of bills\\ntaken by them there was a twenty-dollar note of the United States, com-\\nmonly called greenbacks, issued by the Secretary of the Treasury. It was\\nin use as lawful current money of the United States at the time. It was\\nlegal tender for twenty dollars, and was the property of the owners of the\\nb(jat. The prisoner took this money, as Ashley swore, against his (Ashley s)\\nwill. He was put in bodily fear and danger of his life at the time.\\nDirectly after the money was taken Ashley was put ou shore at Middle\\nBass Island, by the prisoner and Bell, and the boat steered for Sandusky,\\nwith the Island Queen alongside, which last boat was cast adrift in about\\nhalf an hour. Some of the party said they intended to release the prison-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "REBEL RAID FROM CANADA. 225\\ners on Jolinson s Island, which is in the State of Ohio, about two miles\\nfrom Sandusky. The Michigan was lying off Johnson s Island, supposed\\nto guard it. There were al)out three thousand prisoners of war there,\\nsoldiers of the Omfederate States. Ashley stated there was a rebellion\\ngoing on hy the Southern States. He could not tell how many States.\\nCaptain Bell appeared to be in command of the party on board of the\\nPhilo Parsons. Pie did not say in Ashley s hearing lie Avas in any ser-\\nvice, nor for what purpose he took the boat. There wore about twenty-five\\nUnited States soldiers on board the Island Queen, who were captured. The\\npassengers were not prevented iVom taking their baggage. Nichols con-\\nfirmed Ashley s testimony in most of the material particulars. lie said\\nthat Bell came to him in the pilot house, and said he was a Confederate\\nofficer, and seized the boat, and took him (Nichols) a ])risoncr. But he\\nalso said the prisoner seemed to be the leader of them. Tie did not see the\\nmoney taken. He heard the prisoner say, when the Island Queen Avas set\\nadrift, that they had cut her ])ipes so that she would sink. They had\\ntaken every person from on board of her. Afterwards the Philo Parsons\\nwas steered back towards Detroit. Before this, however, it seems that some\\nof the passengers who were made prisoners were put on shore on the Ameri-\\ncan territory. When, on the return, they had reached the mouth of the\\nDetroit river, some of the party asked Nichols where they were, and he\\ntold them in Canadian waters, and some of them said it was Avell for some\\nof the vessels near them, or they would, board thcni and they inquired if\\na certain banker did not live at Grosse Isle, in the Detroit river; and being\\ntold by Nichols that one Ives lived there, they replied if it had not been so\\nlate they would go and rob liim, A short distance above Amherstburg\\ntwo men landed in a boat on the Canadian sicJc. At Fighting Island\\nNichols and others, part of the crews of the Philo Parsons and Island\\nQueen were put on shore, and the boat proceeded to Sandwich. Nichols\\nfollowed her, and in two hours got to Sandwich, and found her there de-\\nserted by the whole Jiarty, and a piano-f irto, a mirror, and some other\\narticles of furniture l)elonging to the boat had been landed. Some of\\nNichols clothing was also taken away. One of the party wore Nichols\\nIndia-rubber coat. The male passengers who were taken were, before they\\nwere landed, sworn to keep silent as to the transaction for twenty-four hours.\\nThe females were asked to promise to do so, but it was not said in Ni(^hols\\nhearing why this was done. When the Island Queen was cast adrift\\nthey were about fourteen miles from Johnson s Island, as the boat would\\nhave gone. When coming up the Detroit river, some of the party said\\nthey had not made much by coming down. They had intended to take the\\nMichigan if they could. They had a Confederate flag, and compelled\\nNichols to assist in raising it on the Philo Parsons, when the boat was on\\nLake Erie, returning towards the Detroit river. It was put about half-way\\nup the flag-staff.\\nThe complicity of the rebel Government, with its agents, sympathizers,\\nand refugees in Canada, in November, I860, in concocting a raid on the\\nterritory of the United States, is apparent from the date of the following\\nappointment, given by Jefferson Davis to Burley, on the 11th day of Sep-\\ntember of that year, he undoubtedly being one of the naval officers men-\\ntioned in the report of the rebel Secretary of War as having been sent into\\nthe British provinces with a large number of commissioned and petty officers,\\nto organize an expedition against Johnson s Island, during the fall of the\\nyear referred to.\\nThat the expedition on board the Philo Parsons, in September, 1864,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "226 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nwas ordered by the rebel Government, there can be no doubt, if credence is\\ngiven to the following manifesto of Jeflerson Davis, produced on the ex-\\ntradition trial of Barley before the Canadian court at Toronto, as jiroof that\\nthe acts of said Burley, in connection with that expedition, were performed\\nin obedience to the instructions of the rebel Government, and that he should\\nbe treated as a belligerent, and not as a pirate and robber\\nConfederate States of America,\\nNavy Department, Richmond, September 11, 1863.\\nSir You are hereby informed that the President has appointed you\\nan acting master in the navy of the Confederate States. You are requested\\nto signify your acceptance or non-acceptance of this appointment and\\nshould you accept, you are to sign, before a magistrate, the oath of office\\nherewith forwarded, and forward the same, with your letter of acceptance,\\nto this Department. Registered No. The lowest number takes rank.\\n(Signed,) S. R. MALLORY,\\nSecretary of Navy.\\nActing Master Bennet G. Burley,\\nC. S. Navy, Richmond, Va.\\nOn this there was the following endorsement\\nConfederate States of America,\\nBicJunond, 22d December, 1864.\\nI certify that the reverse of this page presents a true copy of the warrant\\ngranted to Bennet G. Burley, as acting master in the navy of the Confed-\\nerate States, from the records of this Dejiartment. In testimony whereof I\\nhave hereunto set my hatid and affixed the seal of this Department, on the\\nday and year above written.\\n(Signed,) S.R. MALLORY,\\nSecretary of Navy. [l. s.]\\n[MANIFESTO.]\\nconfederate states of AMERICA.\\nWhereas it has been made known to me that Bennet G. Burley, an\\nacting master in the navy of the Confederate States, is now under arrest in\\none of the British North American provinces, on an application made by\\nthe Government of the United States for the delivery to that Government\\nof the said Bennet G. Burley, under the treaty known as the Extradition\\nTreaty, now in force between the United States and Great Britain and\\nWhereas it has been represented to me that the demand for the extra-\\ndition of the said Bennet G. Burley is based on the charge that the said\\nBurley is a fugitive from justice, charged with having committed the crimen\\nof robbery and piracy in the jurisdiction of the United States; and\\nWhereas it has further been made knoAvn to me that the accusations\\nand charges made against the said Bennet G. Burley are based solely on\\nthe acts and conduct of the said Burley, in an enterprise or expedition made\\nor attempted in the montli of September last, (18G4,) for the capture of the\\nsteamer Michigan, an armed vessel of the United States, navigating the\\nlakes on the boundary between the United States and the British North\\nAmerican provinces, and for the release of numerous citizens of the Confed-\\nerata States, held as prisoners of war by the United States at a certain\\nisland called Johnson s Island and\\nWhereas the said enterprise or expedition for the capture of the said", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "REBEL RAID FROM CANADA. 227\\narmed steamer IMichigan, and for the release of the said prisoners on John-\\nson s Island, was a i)roper and legitimate belligerent operation, undertaken\\nduring the pending public war between the two Confederacies, known re-\\nspectively as the Confederate States of America and the United States of\\nAmerica, which operation was ordered and sanctif)ned by the authority of\\nthe Government of the Confederate States, and confided to its commissioned\\nofficers for execution, among which officers is the said Bennet G. Burley\\nNow, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States\\nof America, do hereby declare and make known to all whom it may con-\\ncern, that the expedition aforesaid, undertaken in the month of Septem])er\\nlast, for the capture of the armed steamer IMichigan, a vessel of war of the\\nUnited States, and for the release of the prisoners of war, citizens of the\\nConfederate States of America, held captive by the United States of Amer-\\nica, at Johnson s Island, was a belligerent expedition, ordered and luider-\\ntakcn under the authority of the Confederate States of America, against the\\nUnited States of America, and that the Government of the Confederate\\nStates of America assumes the responsibility of answering for the acts and\\nconduct of any of its officers engaged in said expedition, and especially of\\nthe said Bennet G. Burley, an acting master in the navy of the Confederate\\nStates.\\nAnd I do further make known to all whom it may concern, that in the\\norders and instructions given to the officers engaged in said expedition, they\\nwere especially directed and enjoined to abstain from violating any of the\\nlaws and regulations of the Canadian or British authorities in relation to\\nneutrality, and that the combination necessary to effect the purpose of said\\nexpedition nuist be made by Confederate soldiers and such assistance as\\nthey might (you may) draw from the enemy s country.\\nIn testimony whereof, I have signed this manifesto, and directed the\\nsame to be sealed with the seal of the Department of State of the Confed-\\nerate States of America, and to be made public.\\nDone at the city of Richmond, on this 24th day of December, 1864.\\n(Signed,) JEFFERSON DAVIS.\\nBy the President\\nJ. P. Benjamin, Secretary of Stated\\nThe following correspondence will show that the military authorities of\\nthis State were fully aware of the movements and intentions of the raiders\\nto attempt an attack on Johnson s Island, and that the commander of the\\nsteamer Michigan received early information in relation thereto. The mili-\\ntary officers at Sandusky were also put on the alert, and a reinforcement,\\nconsisting of artillery and infantry, had been promptly ordered there from\\nCincinnati, which ensured the security of the rebel prisoners against any\\npossibility of rescue\\n(1) [telegram.]\\nDetroit, September 17, 1864.\\nTo Captain John H. Carter,\\nCommanding U. S. Steamer Michigan, Sandu.shj, Ohio:\\nIt is reported to me that some of the officers and men of your steamer\\nhave been tampered with, and that a party of rebel refugees leave Windsor\\nto-morrow, with the expectation of getting possession of your steamer.\\n(Signed,) B. H. HILL,\\nLieut. Col. U. S. A., Milit-ary Commander.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "228 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\n(2) [telegram.]\\nDetroit, Mich., September 19, 1864.\\nTo Captain J. C. Carter,\\nU. S. Navy, U. S. Steamer Michigan, Sandushj, Ohio:\\nIt is said the parties will embark to-day, at Maiden, on board the Philo\\nPai sons, and will seize either that steamer or another running from Kelly s\\nIslands. Since my last dispatch, am again assured that officers and men\\nhave been bought by a man named Cole. A few men to be introduced on\\nboard under guise of friends of officers.\\nAn officer named Eddy to be drugged. Both Commander Gardner and\\nmyself look upon the matter as serious.\\n(Signed,) B. H. HILL,\\nLient. Col U. S. A., A. A. P. M. General\\n(3) [telegram.]\\nU. S. Steamer Michigan, Off Johnson s Island, O.,\\nSeptember 18, 1864, via Sandushy.\\nTo Lieut. Col. B. H. Hill,\\nU. S. A., 3Iilitary Commander, Detroit, Mich.\\nThanks for your dispatch. All ready. Cannot be true in relation to the\\nofficers or men.\\n(Signed,) JOHN C. CARTER, Commander, U. S. K\\n(4) [telegram.]\\nSandusky, O., September 19, 1864.\\nCoL. B. H. Hill, Detroit^:\\nYour dispatch of 19th received. I have Cole, and a fair prospect of\\nbagging the party.\\n(Signed,) J. C. CARTER, Comviander, U. S. N.\\nOffice IMilitary Commander, District of Michigan,\\nDetroit, September 2\\\\st, 1864.\\nMajor C. H, Potter,\\nA. Adj. General, Columbm, Ohio\\nSir: I have the honor to inform you that on Saturday night last, 17th\\ninstant, a person called upon me at my hotel, and introduced himself to me\\nas having been for some years a rebel soldier, and recently a refugee in\\nCanada.\\nHe informed me that some of the officers and men of the U. S. steamer\\nMichigan had been tampered with, and that it was the intention of the\\nRebel Agent in Windsor, Jacob Thompson, late Secretary of the Interior,\\nunder President Buchanan s administration, to send a party from Windsor,\\nwho, with the assistance of the officers and men, would endeavor to get\\npossession of the steamer. He said that he had been approached to form\\none of the party, and had consented to do so, and that ho would receive\\nmore particular information on the next morning, when the party would\\nleave for Maiden. He said that with the possession of the steamer Michi-\\ngan, they would have control of the Lakes for a couple of months, and\\nwould lay contribution on all the Lake cities, and had offered very large\\ninducements to the officers and men of the steamer. He stated that after\\nobtaining full information on Sunday morning, he would fail to join the\\nparty, and would see me again on Sunday evening.\\nThe statement of the man and his earnestness made some impression on", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "REBEL RAID FROM CANADA. 229\\nme, and I telegraphed to Captain J. C. Carter, commanding officer of the\\nsteamer Michigan, that night, and I enclose a copy marked 1, and his\\nreply marked 2.\\nOn Sunday evening, 18th instant, my informant again crossed tlie river\\nand saw me. He reported that he had agreed to join the party, and had\\nobtained all the information he could, but at the last moment he had failed\\nthem. Pie said that the party were to take passage on board the steamer\\nPhilo Parsons, at INIalden, and would get possession of her before reach-\\ning Sandusky that certain officers and men of the steamer Michigan had\\nbeen tampered with by a man named Cole, and that an officer of the steam-\\ner, named Eddy, could not be bouglit, and that the intention was to drug\\nhim and others.\\nMy informant thought that the captain of the steamer Philo Parsons had\\nalso been bought, and if he received any hint on the subject he would give\\ninformation, and he himself would be compromised.\\nI went down to the steamer Philo Parsons the next morning at 6 A. M.\\nand saw her. She was too small to be of any danger if taken by the per-\\nsons, and after mature consideration I came to the conclusion that it would\\nbe better to let the steamer go, and place Captain Carter on his guard in a\\nway that it would make an impression on him, so that the whole party could\\nbe taken.\\nSee my telegram marked and his reply marked 4.\\nThese plots are being constantly made here. We had the information\\nabout this one, and the question was whether it would not be better to let\\nthe steamer go and adopt measures to secure her capture, and make an ex-\\nample in this case.\\nOn Tuesday last the Philo Parsons arrived at Sandwich in the possession\\nof some eighteen men, who had taken passage in her at ]\\\\Ialden the day be-\\nfore. It seems that after taking possessit)n of her the piratical i)arty seized\\nand sunk a small steamer named the Island Queen, both occurrences taking\\nplace in the waters of the State of Ohio. They then proceeded to within\\nfour miles of Sandusky, and not probably seeing signals that had been agreed\\nupon, or receiving any assistance that was probably expected from Sandus-\\nky, returned to Detroit river and proceeded to Sandwich, C. W., where they\\nplundered the steamer and cut her pij^es to sink her and abandoned her.\\nThe steamer was, however, recovered by her owners in a damaged condition,\\nhalf full of water, and brought to this side of the river.\\nIt seems that my telegrams to Capt. Carter led to the arrest of Cole, who\\nmade some disclosures tliat caused the arrest of other parties in Sandusky,\\nthe 2 articulars of which will be doubtless communicated to the command-\\ning officer there.\\nIt was unfortunate that Capt. Carter did rot proceed to meet the Philo\\nParsons, as the whole party could have been captured but there have been\\nso many rumors and reports here of rebel plots that it is hard to discrimi-\\nnate between those having some reality and those purely fabrications. In\\nthis case had I placed soldiers on board, whom I could not spare at this\\ntime, or defend in any way the departure of the steamer, suspicions of the\\nconspirators would have been aroused, and the matter deferred to a time\\nwhen we would have had no intimation of it. As the case now stands, the\\nrebel agent in Caiuida, residing in Sandwich, Colonel Jacob Thompson, has\\norganized an expedition in Canada to seize American steamers. The steam-\\ners Philo Parsons and Island Queen were seized, and the latter sunk in\\nAmerican waters tlie Philo Parsons i)lundercd while lying in Briiisli wa-\\nters, off the town of Sandwich, an attempt made to sink her, and the persons", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "230 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nemployed in these acts now residing in Canada under the protection of the\\nBritish Government.\\nThe United States attorney has addressed a communication to our consul\\nat Windsor to call upon the authorities to arrest the persons committing\\nthese outrages, in anticipation of such a demand being made for their de-\\nlivery, and affidavits will be sent by him to the Secretary of State, and I\\nhad an interview this morning both with him and Senator Howard, and\\neverything is being adopted to place the matter in proper legal shape before\\nthe Government and the British authorities.\\nVery respectfully, your obedient servant,\\nB. H. HILL,\\nLieut. Col. U. S. Artillery, Commanding District, Michigan.\\nOffice Military Commander, District of Michigan,\\nDetroit, September 22, 1864.\\nBrigadier-General James B. Fry,\\nProvost Marshal- General, Washington, D. C.\\nGeneral I have the honor to transmit herewith a copy of a report,\\nwith accompanying papers, made to the Assistant Adjutant-General of the\\nNorthern Department, in relation to the proposed attempt to capture the\\nU. S, steamer Michigan and the late piratical acts of the rebel refugees in\\nCanada. The information I communicated to Captain Carter, commanding\\nU. S. steamer Michigan, doubtless led to the arrest of Cole and others and\\nexploded the plot.\\nThe person who gave me the information writes me this morning from\\nWindsor, and states that he has seen several of the parties connected in the\\nraid, and among others Dr. Smith, who told him all connected with the\\naffair. He learns that the person who was to have met them at Kelly Island\\nfailed to be there.\\nThis party was to have given the latest information and instructions.\\nThe steamer Philo Parsons went within two miles of the steamer ^Michigan,\\nand it was seen with their night glasses that the Michigan had changed her\\nposition to one that commanded the whole island. My informant also writes\\nme that he thinks Col. Jacob Thompson and the entire party engaged in\\nseizing the Philo Parsons have left Windsor.\\nThe person who gave me the information states that he has been some\\nyears in the rebel army that he has been wounded three times, but that\\nowing to injustice done him by JNIr. Benjamin, Acting Secretary of War, in\\nnot advancing him, he had left the South, and now entertains the most bit-\\nter hostility to the Southern cause. He gave me what he stated as his\\nreal name, and informed me that he had been a prominent politician in\\nArkansas and Kentucky, and had twice run for Congress.\\nI am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,\\nB. H. HILL,\\nLieut. Col. U. S. A., A. A. P. M. General.\\nThe force in the State during the time of these threatened raids on which\\nreliance was placed to defend its borders against any hostile demonstration\\nconsisted of six companies of the 2d regiment veteran reserve corps, three\\ncompanies of State troops, the Scott Guard, Detroit Light Guard, and\\nLyon Guard, with a section of light artillery, fully equipped and supplied\\nwith suitable ammunition; and in addition there were hve hundred stand\\nof arms in the State Armory at Detroit, with complete equipments, and\\nabundance of ammunition at all times in readiness for distribution to citi-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "THE MICHIGAN CONTINGENT. 231\\nzens, with whom there was an understanding and an arrangement to assist\\nin repelling any attack that might be made upon the city or along the river\\nin the vicinity. There was also a small force guarding the arsenal at Dear-\\nborn, in which was stored about thirty-five thousand stand of arms. To\\nguard against any attack or landing being made by steamers or vessels from\\nthe Canadian side with a hostile intention, several armed steam tugs were\\nemployed by the Government in patrolling the river at vai ious points,\\nTHE MICHIGAN CONTINGENT.\\nThe Michigan Contingent in the war was largely made up of men\\nwho enlisted for three years, and were mainly from the more respectable\\nand industrious of the connuunity. Leaving the peaceful avocations of\\ncivil life, these men were disciplined into soldiers and converted into\\nheroes, sometimes even during the operations and emergencies of a single\\ncampaign. Patient and obedient under the most rigid discipline, persis-\\ntent and enduring on the long and tedious march, cheerful and untiring in\\nthe trenches, apt in experiment, and most ingenious in construction, they\\nadded to all these qualifications and merits true courage in the field, while\\nalmost every important action has illustrated their heroism, and almost\\nevery battle-field is consecrated with their blood. Their services were\\neagerly sought for by all the best generals whether to construct a defence,\\nlead a forlorn hope, or charge a battery.\\nThe armies of no other nation, even after many years of the training\\nwhich war brings with it, have evinced so marvellous a developement of\\nsoldierly qualities as characterized the American troops during their com-\\nparatively short term of service. The annals of the times will rear an\\nimperishable monument to the patriotism of all the States which in the\\nnation s peril gave their sons in the conflict, and the honor of one will be\\namong the precious possessions of the others but it will be for Michigan\\nto cherish with peculiar j)ride and tenderness the remembrance and the\\nfame of the gallant baud of patriots who, in the fiercest struggles of mod-\\nern warfare, and among comrades of equal worth and bravery, while pre-\\nserving the national life and integrity, have reflected undying lustre upon\\nher own escutcheon.\\nScarcely had the rebel gauntlet been tossed in defiance, scarcely had the\\necho of the first rebel gun passed away, scarcely had the electric mes-\\nsenger done its momentous errand proclaiming the fact of civil war, and\\nthat the flag of America had been insulted and struck from its proud\\nperch on Sumter s walls, ere the men of Michigan were in arms, eager and\\nready to defend and maintain the National Union, and protect its flag, to\\nuphold the honor of their State, and save their glorious birth-right of free-\\nmen. They vowed to God and their native land, and pledged their arms\\nand their lives, that the beloved flag of their country should again wave\\ntriumphantly on the walls of Sumter, and over every State and inch of\\nground in the Union, and that the Republic should be saved and forever\\npreserved.\\nThe call of Abraham Lincoln received a ready and substantial response\\nfrom the people of INlichigan. With remarkable dispatch her gallant i-egi-\\nments armed, clothed, equipped, and fully appointed, left the State to meet\\nthe enemies of American liberty.\\nMichigan troops, prompt and prominent at the outset of the rebellion,\\nwere also in at its death. They were among those who, under Wilcox, first\\ncrossed the Long Bridge into Virginia, and participated in the capture of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "232 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nAlexandria. They were in the command of the brave and lamented\\nRichardson, who first opened fire upon the rebels at Blackburn s Ford, on\\nJuly 18, 1861, in the vicinity of Bull Pain.\\nThey were with General McClellan in AVest Virginia, in the first year\\nof the war, and were in South Carolina and Georgia in 1862, and during\\nthat year served with the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula and in\\nMaryland, with General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, in Virginia\\nunder General Burnside, in Louisiana under General Butler, and in Mis-\\nsouri with General Pope and Colonel Mulligan.\\nIn 1863 they bore a conspicuous and gallant part in the ever memorable\\ncampaigns under General Hooker, in Virginia, and General Meade, in\\nPennsylvania, at the defence of Knoxville by General Burnside, at the\\ncapture of Vicksburg by General Grant, and on the celebrated Kilpatrick\\nraid against Richmi^nd. They were also engaged in the campaign of Gen-\\neral Rosecrans against Chattanooga, and Avere actively employed in the\\nfield at various points in Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky, and Louisiana,\\nunder other generals.\\nIn 1864-5 they were with General Grant on his great march against\\nRichmond, and bravely participated in most of the hard fought battles of\\nthat eventful campaign. They were also with General Sherman on his re-\\nmarkable march from Chattanooga to the sea, and were prominently\\nengaged in most of his memorable and successful battles, and with Gen-\\neral Sheridan in his matchless encounters with the enemy in the valley of\\nthe Shenandoah, Avhere, in command of Custer, their sabres flashed in\\nevery battle. They took part in the gallant defence of Nashville by\\nGeneral Thomas, and were with Generals Stoneman and Wilson on their\\nraids into North Carolina and Georgia. They were also at the capture of\\nMobile, and served in Texas and Utah Territory during a part of 1865-6.\\nMichigan was well represented in the Union armies at the surrender of\\nLee and Johnston, and a Michigan regiment captured the President of the\\nso-called Confederacy Jefferson Davis in his inglorious flight to escape\\ndeserved punishment for his infamous treason and rebellion.\\nMichigan troops, in all the campaigns and battles in which they partici-\\npated, were most reliable, conspicuously brave and gallant. In every\\nposition in which they were placed they were true, self-sacrificing, patient\\nunder hardship, murmuring not, meeting death by exposure, starvation,\\nand cruel treatment in rebel prisons, and many more by rebel bullets in\\nsanguinary strife.\\nFrom the beginning of the war until its eud, the motto of Michigan sol-\\ndiers was, fight on until every rebel shall be conquered and made to yield\\nobedience, or if needs be utterly destroyed. That motto they most success-\\nfully maintained meeting the enemy on his last field, they, in common\\nwith their comrades of the Union army, compelled him to lay down his\\nrebellious arms, to beg not only for quarter but for peace, and submit un-\\nconditionally to the terms of their dictation. Having accomplished. that,\\nthey returned to their homes the preservers of their nation, receiving the\\nplaudits and gratitude of their fellow countrymen, and of every friend of\\nfreedom and humanity throughout the civilized world.\\nTo have included in this volume the entire campaigns of these regiments,\\nwould have been a most desirable and pleasant labor, but would have en-\\ngrossed its whole space, and therefore has been abandoned, leaving a.sub-\\nject rich in record of faithful and gallant service and brave deeds for future\\npublication, and giving only a few of the leading achievements of each.\\nIt would also have been very satisfactory to have referred to the special", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "REGIMENT OF ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS. 233\\nservices and achievements of the many companies and men of Michigan,\\nthat were connected with regiments of other States, but not having any\\ndata from which to sketch them, the matter has been reluctantly deferred.\\nUndoubtedly, they maintain the reputation of Michigan troops, which was\\nalways pre-eminently high.\\nREGIMENT OF ENGINEERS AND MECHANICS.\\nThe celebrated regiment of Michigan engineers and mechanics was raised\\nand organized under the supervision of Colonel William P. Innes, of Grand\\nRapids, and went to the field in Kentucky December 17th, 1861, in com-\\nmand of that officer. It is but justice to this regiment to state a fact gen-\\nerally conceded by the whole Western army that a more useful regiment,\\nor one performing more valuable service, Avas not found in that great army,\\nas during its entire service, ending with the surrender of Lee and Johnston,\\nincluding the great Sherman campaign, scarcely a bridge was built or a\\nroad opened for the use of the Western army that was not either Avholly\\naccomplished or aided by this regiment. While it was at all times ready\\nand expeditious in the performance of the legitimate duties of an engineer\\nregiment it never failed as a gallant fighting force when opportunity offered.\\nFiret meeting the enemy at Mill Springs, in Kentucky, January 19th, 1862,\\nthen in Mississippi at Farmington May 9th, at Corinth the 10th, and at\\nPerryville, Kentucky, same year, where its reputation as a fighting regiment\\nwas fully established but at Lavergne, Tennessee, January 1st, 18()3, it was\\nmost signally distinguished, and its gallant conduct in that battle gives it a\\nmost enviable page in the history of the war.\\nWhile General Rosecrans was fighting the important battle of Stone river,\\nthe regiment, then in command of Col. Innes, on the 31st December, 1862,\\nwas specially ordered by the commanding general to take a position in the\\nrear of his army at Lavergne, on the main road from Nashville to Murf rees-\\nboro, to i)rotect the baggage trains. On the next morning, for greater safety.\\nColonel Innes formed his wagon train in the form of a half circle and made\\nsome hastily-constructed breastworks of logs and such loose material as\\ncould be found at hand. This precaution seems to have been taken none\\ntoo soon, as at 2 P. M. the comnumd was attacked by an overwhelming rebel\\nforce of from three to four thousand cavalry, with one section of light artil-\\nlery, the whole commanded by the rebel IMajor-General Wheeler. Their\\nobject, as afterwards ascertained, was to 1 turn and ])lunderthe heavily-laden\\ntrains passing on the pike between Nashville and Rosecrans army. Col.\\nInnes and his small but gallant regiment, numbering not over 315, fought\\nthis superior force until dark, when it was withdrawn with heavy loss, hav-\\ning vainly endeavored to compel a surrender. During this five hours en-\\ngagement the enemy made seven separate and distinct charges, sometimes\\nforcing their horses on to the very breastworks, which were as often most\\ngallantly repelled at the same time their artillery was kept constantly in\\nplay, with considerable effect, damaging the wagons, killing sonie thirty or\\nforty horses and mules attached to wagons both inside and outside the cir-\\ncle. Three times Gen. Wheeler sent a flag of truce to Colonel Innes de-\\nmanding a surrender, and claiming an increase of his force, to which the\\ncolonel replied in a most characteristic manner that he could not see it\\nso long as his ammunition held out he could not see the force of his argu-\\nment.\\nA correspondent at the time says The scene was at times thrilling be-\\nyond description. The rebel horde, exasperated at the successful resistance\\n0*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "23-4 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nof the little force, dashed their horses against the circular brush fence, which\\nwas only breast high, with infuriated shouts and curses. But the Michigan\\ntroops were cool and determined; they loaded fast and aimed well, and, as\\nthe troopers rushed on upon all sides, they were met with staggering vollej s\\nalmost at the muzzle of the muskets. Horses and riders recoiled again and\\nagain until they despaired, and soon swept aAvay through the dense forests,\\nleaving over fifty of their dead upon the field, which were buried by our\\nforces. The ground all around that small circle of brush was strewn with\\ndead horses of the rebel troopers, and with their clothing, guns, c. Truly\\nthis was one of the most gallant afiairs of the campaign.\\nMr. Greeley, in his excellent Avork, The American Conflict, notices Col.\\nlunes extraordinary defence at Lavergne, and says\\nOn the whole, the enemy s operations in the rear of our army during this\\nmemorable conflict, (battle of Stone river,) reflect no credit on the intelli-\\ngence and energy with which they were resisted. The silver lining to this\\ncloud is a most gallant defence made on the 1st January by Col. Innes\\n1st IMichigan engineers and mechanics, only 391 strong, who had taken post\\non high ground near Lavergne, and formed such a barricade of cedars, c.\\nas they hurriedly might. Here they were attacked, at 2 P. M., by Whar-\\nton s cavalry, whom they successfully resisted and beat oflT. Wharton s\\nofficial rejiort is their best eulogium. He was in command of six or eight\\nregiments. Wharton. A regiment of infantry, under Colonel Dennis,\\n(Innes,) also was stationed in a cedar brake and fortifications near this\\npoint. I caused the battery under Lieut. Pike, Avho acted with great gal-\\nlantry, to open on it. The fire, at a range of not more than 400 yards, was\\nkept up for more than an hour, and must have resulted in great damage to\\nthe enemy. I caused the enemy to be charged on three sides at the same\\ntime by Colonels Cox and Smith and Lieut. Col. Malone, and the charge\\nwas repeated four times but the enemy was so strongly posted that it was\\nfound impossible to dislodge him.\\nThe regiment lost only two killed and twelve wounded, while the rebel\\nloss, as estimated at the time, was something over a hundred in killed and\\nwounded.\\nGeneral Rosecrans, in his official report, gave the regiment credit for hav-\\ning successfully repulsed ten times its own number on that occasion.\\nDuring the residue of the year the regiment was actively employed in its\\nordinary duties, building bridges, re])airing railroads, c., with its head-\\nquarters in the neighborhood of Elk River Bridge. In the early part of\\n1864 the regiment, in command of Col. John Yates, was with the advance\\nof Sherman s army on Atlanta, and on the SOtli of September had its head-\\nquarters there. On the 16th of November it marched from Atlanta as a\\npart of the engineer force of General Sherman s army, performing Avith re-\\nmarkable promptness its arduous and important duties on that great march.\\nIt is estimated that during that campaign, besides making and repairing a\\ngreat distance of corduroy road, the regiment destroyed and twisted the\\nrails of thirty miles of railroad tract and built eight or ten important bridges\\nand crossings. At Edisto it constructed a bridge under a severe fire from\\nthe enemy s sharpshooters continuing its faithful and important services\\nthroughout the rest of the campaign and until the arrival of Slierman s army\\nat Washington. Early in June it was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky,\\nand thence to Nashville, where it was mustered out of service on the 22d\\nof September.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 235\\nTHE CAVALRY BRIGADE,\\nConsisting op the 1st, 5tii, 6tii, and 7tii Regiments.\\nThe 1st regiment of cavalry was organized during the summer of 18G1,\\nby Col. T. F. Brodhead, and left its rendezvous in Detroit on the 29th of\\nSeptember for Washington, in command of that officer. It lay in camp at\\nFrederick, Md., a considerable portion of the -winter, and its principal ser-\\nvice was on the upper Potomac, in the Shenandoah Valley, and near the\\neastern slopes of the lilue Ridge. It was in action at Winchester, JMarch\\n28, 1862; at lAIiddletcwn, :\\\\Iarch 25th at Strasburg, :March 27th at Har-\\nrisonburg, April 22(1 at Winchester again, IMay 24th at Orange Court-\\nHouse, July 16th at Cedar Mountain, August 9th and at Bull Run, Au-\\ngust 30th. At the latter action its commanding officer. Colonel Brodhead,*\\nwas mortally wounded, and died September 2d, and its casualties in that\\nengagement showed 7 killed, 13 wounded, 7 prisoners, and 106 missing.\\nDuring November and Deccndier following, and the early part of 1863,\\nthe regiment, in command of C^olonel Charles H. Town, was engaged on\\ngrand guard duty in front of the defences of Washington, on a line extend-\\ning from Edward s Ferry to the mouth of the Occoquan.\\nDuring the raid about the Union lines, made by the rebel Gen. Stuart,\\nin February, 1863, a detachment of fifty-six men of this regiment were sent\\nout to watch his movements. Near Occoquan the enemy came in range of\\nthe carbines of this party, and fell back in confusion at the first fire. Dis-\\ncovering the weakness of the force opposed to them, the rebel cavalry recov-\\neretl and charged vigorously with a large force, before which the detach-\\nment retired, fighting from behind bushes, c., during a pursuit of several\\nmiles, with a resulting loss to Stuart s troopers of fifteen in killed and\\nwounded, and to themselves of none. On the 27th of June, the regiment\\ntook up its line of march northward in the Gettysburg campaign.\\nThe 5th cavalry was organized under the authority given by the War\\nDepartment and the Governor to Cdlonol J. T. Copeland, then in the 1st\\ncavalry. Its organization began in July, 1862, and it was mustered into\\nservice as a regiment on the 30th of August, at its rendezvous in Detroit.\\nThe regiment was subjected to a long delay in procuring its arms and equip-\\nments, and left the State only partly armed, but fully equipped, mounted,\\nand clothed, on the 4th 6f December following, for Washington. A num-\\nber of men were lost by desertion previous to its departure, and its rolls\\nshow that down to that period it had carried the names of 1,305 officers and\\nmen. A battery of light artillery was raised in connection with this regi-\\nment, which was classed as the 9th Michigan battery, and originally known\\nas Daniel s. This battery was afterwards designated as Battery I, 1st\\nMichigan light artillery.\\nOn Novemlier 29, 1862, Colonel Copeland was apjiointed a brigadier-\\ngeneral of volunteers, being succeeded in the command of the regiment by\\nColonel Freeman Norvell, who was promoted from lieutcnant-celonel on the\\n:Ust of December. He served in command of the regiment in the field\\nuntil the 27th of February following, when he resigned. JNIajor R. A. Alger,\\n*Report of Mnjor Charles H. Town, commandinn; 1st Michigan: Col-\\nThornton F. Brodheail, mo tally wounded at Bull Run, Va., August 30, 18G2, while gal-\\nlantly leading his men to the charge.\\nWhile on his death-bed in the field, almost the last words to his attending surgeon\\nwere. The Old Flag will triumjih yet.\\nIn his letter to his wife, he writes I fought manfully and now die fearlessly.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "236 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nof the 2(1 cavalry, was commissioned as colonel on the 28t]i of the same\\nmouth, and served in that capacity down to September 20, 1864, when, on\\naccount of ill health, he was compelled t(j resign.\\nThe 6th regiment of cavalry was organized at Grand Rapids, under au-\\nthority granted to lion. F. W. Kellogg by the War Department, sanctioned\\nby the Governor. It was rapidly filled, and mustered into service on the\\n13th of October, 1862, its rolls carrying the names of 1,229 officers and\\nmen. It left its rendezvous on the 10th of December following, in com-\\nmand of Col. George Gray, taking the route to AVashington, fully mounted\\nand equipped, but not armed.\\nThe 7th regiment of cavalry was also raised at Grand Rapids, under the\\nsame authority. Two battalions of this regiment left the State for Wash-\\nington on the 20th of February, 1863, and the remaining companies joined\\nthem in May following. The regiment entered the field in command of\\nCol. W. D. Mann.\\nThese regiments served to the end of the war, bearing so important a part\\nin the great struggle for union and freedom as to become eminently famous\\nthroughout the length and breadth of the land, as the JNIichigan Cavalry\\nBrigade.\\nThe 1st cavalry, while in command of Colonel Brodhead, served in the\\ncommand of General Alpheus S. Williams, of Michigan, in 1862, and cov-\\nered the retreat of General Banks army from the Shenandoah Valley,\\nserving with much distinction, and rendering very important service in that\\naffair, being continuously under fire.\\nFollowing the surrender of Lee and Johnston, and consequent collapse\\nof the Southern Confederacy, this brigade, which had served during the\\nwar with the Army of the Potomac, was sent West to St. Louis, Mo.,\\nthence to Fort Leavenworth, where the 5th cavalry were mustered out of\\nservice, except the men having two years or more to serve, and these were\\ntransferred to the 1st and 7th. The regiments then crossed the Plains to\\nthe Rocky Mountains, for the purpose of aiding in suppressing the war\\nwhich was then being waged by several Indian tribes on citizens of the\\nUnited States in the Territories of the far West. These orders caused\\nmuch justifiable dissatisfaction in the brigade, indicating as they did the\\ncommencement of another arduous campaign, which, in consideration of\\npast long and fiiithful services, they thought might have been spared them,\\nespecially as the campaign was for an object foreign to their contract of\\nservice. But remembering their noble record, and adhering to their uni-\\nform high degree of discipline and subordination, and having in view the\\nhonor of a State whose troops had never disgraced it, obeyed the orders\\nand crossed the plains.\\nAfter reaching the Rocky Mountains, the men of these regiments, with\\ncertain exceptions, were, in violation of the orders of the AVar Department,\\nconsolidated into one regiment, designated as the 1st regiment Michigan\\nveteran cavalry, f )ur companies of which were stationed at Fort Bridgcr\\nand eight com])anies were sent forward to Camp Douglas, at Salt Lake\\nCity. The regiment garrisoned these two stations until March 10, 1866,\\nwhen it was mustered out of service, paid off, and disbanded.\\nOwing to gross injustice done these troops by the officers of the Govern-\\nment in Utah, in the settlement of their transportation account, the AVar\\nDepartment was asked hj the State authorities to make certain additional\\nallowance, which was refused, Avhon an appeal was made to Congress. The\\nclaim having been pn)mi)tly and properly presented, it was supported and\\ninsisted upon by the JMlchigan representatives of both Houses of Congress,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 237\\nthen composed of Chandler and Howard in the Senate, and in the Honse,\\nBeaman, Driggs, Ferry, Longyear, Trowbridge, and Upson, who, ever true\\nto the interest of the soldier, determined that this claim should be secured\\nand justice done, and therefore united their inllucnce and effort for that\\npurpose, and with commendable zeal and great ability, together with close\\nattention and much tact, procured an enactment for their relief.\\nAVhile these ^Michigan troops Avere engaged in this service, Captain\\nOsmer F. Cole, of the 6th cavalry, Avas killed in action with Indians at\\nTongue river, M. T., August 30, 1865.\\nAt the request of the Governor of the State, a special report was made\\nby the Adjutant-General, covering the unlawful and unauthorized consoli-\\ndation of the IMichigan cavalry brigade, consisting of the 1st, 6th, and\\n7th regiments, into an organization to be known as the 1st regiment of\\nMichigan cavalry, detailing the ill-treatment and injustice attending the\\ndetention in service and muster-out and payment of that regiment. On\\nthis report a claim was made to the War Department for an additional\\nallowance of transportation. The claim was rejected on the gi ound that\\nthe parties for whom the allowance Avas asked had already received from\\nthe Government all that existing law provided for in such cases. It there-\\nfore became necessary to apply to Congress for special relief. Accordingly,\\nthe matter was referred to Senator Chandler for presentation to Congress,\\nand which received at his hands the fullest attention, aided by Senator\\nHoward and our members of Congrcss-r-Beaman, Ferry, Upson, Driggs,\\nTrowbridge, and Longyear. These gentlemen, as before stated, properly\\nconcerned for, and true to the interest of the Michigan soldiers, by their con-\\ncerted action in Congress, ultimately succeeded in securing the passage of\\nthe following enactment, rendering the justice so essentially due to those\\nwho had never faltered in the .soldier s line of duty\\nAnd be it further enacted, That there is hereby appropriated for the\\npayment of the travelling expenses of the members of the 1st regiment of\\nMichigan cavalry from the place in Utah Territory where they Avcre mus-\\ntered out of service, in the year 1860, to the place of their enrollment, a\\nsum sufficient to allow to each member S325, deducting therefrom the\\namount paid to each for commutation of travel, pay and subsistence, by\\nthe Government, Avhen thus mustered out, and that the accounts be settled\\nand paid under the direction of the Secretary of War.\\nThe selection of special engagements in Avhich these regiments most dis-\\ntinguished themselves respectively, has been abandoned, because of their\\nservices in the field being so united in the operations of the INIichigan cav-\\nalry brigade. It has, therefore, been deemed best to take official reports\\nof General Custer, covering certain movements, as illustrating more fully\\nthan any others on file the brilliant and important achievements of these\\ngallant regiments during the rebellion. To these have been added extracts\\nfrom reports of other officers, while in command of the brigade and of regi-\\nments respectively.\\nFollowing is General Custer s report, made August 22, 1863, covering the\\noperations of his cavalry during a portion of the battle of Gettysburg\\nIn compliance Avith instructions received from the headquarters of the\\n3d division, I ha\\\\ e the honor to submit the folloAving report of the part\\ntaken by my command in the engagements near Gettysburg, July 3, 1863:\\nAt an early hour on the morning of the 3d, I received an order through\\na staff-officer of the brigadier-general commanding the division* to move at\\nonce my command, and folloAV the first brigade on the road leading from\\nTwo Taverns to Gettysburg.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "238 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nAgreeably to the above instructions, my column was formed and moved\\nout on the road designated, when a staff-officer of Brigadier-General Gregg,\\ncommanding 2d division, ordered me to take my command and place it in\\nposition on the pike leading from York to Gettysburg, which position formed\\nthe extreme right of our line of battle on that day. Upon arriving at the\\npoint designated, I immediately placed my command in position, facing to-\\nwards Gettysburg. At the same time I caused reconnoisances to be made\\non my front, right, and rear, but failed to discover any considerable force\\nof the enemy. Everything remained quiet till 10 A. M., when the enemy\\nappeared on my right flank, and opened ujion me with a battery of six\\nguns. Leaving two guns and a regiment to hold my first position and cover\\nthe road leading to Gettysburg, I shifted the remaining portion of my com-\\nmand, forming a new line of battle at right angles to my former line. The\\nenemy had obtained correct range of my new position, and were pouring\\nsolid shot and shell into my command with great accuracy. Placing two\\nsections of battery M, 2d regular artillery, in position, I ordered them to\\nsilence the enemy s battery, which order, notwithstanding the superiority\\nof the enemy s position, was successfully accomplished in a very short space\\nof time. My line, as it then existed, was shaped like the letter L, the\\nshorter branch formed one section of battery M, supported by four squad-\\nrons of the 6th Michigan cavalry, faced toward Gettysburg, covering the\\nGettysburg pike the long branch, composed of the remaining two sections\\nof battery M, 2d artillery, supported by a portion of the 6th Michigan cav-\\nalry on the left and the 1st Michigan cavalry on the right, with the 7th\\nMichigan cavalry still further to the right and in advance, was held in\\nreadiness to repel any attack the enemy might make coming on the Oxford\\nroad. The 5th Michigan cavalry was dismounted and ordered to take posi-\\ntion in front of my centre and left. The 1st Michigan cavalry was held in\\na column of squadrons, to observe the movements of the enemy. I ordered\\nfifty men to be sent one mile and a half on the Oxford road, while a detach-\\nment of equal size Avas sent one mile and a half on the road leading from\\nGettysburg to York, both the detachments being under the commancl of the\\ngallant Major Webber, who, from time to time, kept me so well informed\\nof the movements of the enemy that I was enabled to make my dispositions\\nwith complete success. At 12 o clock an order was transmitted to me from\\nthe brigadier-general commanding the division, by one of his aids, directing\\nme, upon being relieved by a brigade from the 2d division, to move with\\nmy command and form a junction with the 1st brigade on the extreme left.\\nOn the arrival of the brigade of the 2d division, conmianded by Col. Mcin-\\ntosh, I prepared to execute the order. Before I had left my positi(^n Briga-\\ndier-General Gregg, commanding the 2d division, arrived with his entire\\ncommand. Learning the true condition of affairs in my front, and rightly\\nconjecturing that the enemy was making his dispositions for vigorously\\nattacking our position, Brigadier-General Gregg ordered me to remain in\\nthe position I then occupied.\\nThe enemy was soon after reported to be advancing on my front. The\\ndetachment of fifty men sent on the Oxford road were driven in, and at the\\nsame time the enemy s lineof skirmishers, consisting of dismounted cavalry,\\nappeared on the crest of the ridge of hills on my front. The line extended\\nbeyond my left. To repel their advance, I ordered the 5th Michigan cav-\\nalry to a more advanced positi(m, with instructions to maintain their ground\\nat all hazards. Cohmel Alger, commanding the 5th, assisted by Majors\\nTrowbridge and Ferry, of the same regiment, made such admirable dispo-\\nsition of their men behind fences and other defences as enabled them to", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 239\\nsuccessfully repel the repeated advance of a ^reatly superior force. I attri-\\nbuted their success in a great measure to the fact that this regiment is armed\\nwith the Spencer repeating rifle, Which in the hands of brave, determined\\nmen, like those composing the 5th Michigan cavalry, is, in my estimation,\\nthe most effective fire-arm that our cavalry can adopt. Colonel Alger held\\nhis ground until his men had exhausted their annnunition, when he was\\ncompelled to fall hack on the main body. The beginning of this movement\\nwas th(! signal for the enemy to charge, which they did with two regiments,\\nmounted and dismounted. I at once ordered the 7th Michigan cavalry.\\nColonel jNIann, to charge the advancing column of the enemy. The ground\\nover which we had to pass was very unfavorable for the nianoeuvering of\\ncavalry, but, despite all obstacles, this regiment advanced boldly to the as-\\nsault, which was executed in splendid style, the enemy lieing driven from\\nfield to field until our advance reached a high and unbroken fence, behind\\nwhich the enemy were strongly posted. Nothing daunted, Colonel IMann,\\nfollowed by the main body of his regiment, bravely rode up to the fence and\\ndischarged their revolvers in the very face of the foe. No troops could have\\nmaintained this position the 7th was, therefore, compelled to retire, fol-\\nlow^ed by twice the number of the enemy. By this time Colonel Alger, of\\nthe 5th jNIichigan cavalry, had succeeded in mounting a considerable por-\\ntion of his regiment, and gallantly advanced to the assistance of the 7th,\\nwhose further pursuit by the enemy he checked. At the same time an en-\\ntire brigade of the enemy s cavalry, consisting of four regiments, appeared\\njust over the crest in our front. They were formed in column of regiments.\\nTo meet this overwhelming force I had but one available regiment the 1st\\nBlichigan cavalry, and the fire of battery M, 2d regular artillery. I at\\nonce oixlered the 1st to charge, but learned at the same moment that similar\\norders had been given by Brigadier-General Gregg. As before stated, the\\n1st was formed incolumn of battalions. Upon receiving the order to charge,\\nColonel Town, ])lacing himself at the head of his command, ordered the\\ntrot and sabres to he drawn. In this manner this gallant body of men\\nadvanced to the attack of a force outnumbering them five to one. In ad-\\ndition to this numerical superiority, the enemy had the advantage of posi-\\ntion and were exultant over the repulse of the 7th Michigan cavalry. All\\nthese facts considered, w ould seem to render success on the part of the 1st\\nimpossible. Not so, however. Arriving within a few yards of the enemy s\\ncolumn the charge was ordered, and with a yell that spread terror before\\nthem, the 1st IMichigan cavalry, led by Colonel Town, rode upon the front\\nrank of the enemy, sabering all who came wuthin reach. For a moment, but\\nonly a juoment, that long, heavy column stood its ground then, unable to\\nAvithstand the impetuosity of our attack, it gave way into a disorderly rout,\\nleaving vast numbers of their dead and wounded in our possession, while\\nthe 1st, being masters of the field, had the proud satisfaction of seeing the\\nUTUch-vaunted chivalry, led by their favorite commander, seek safety in\\nheadlong flight. I cannot find language to express my high appreciation\\nof the gallantry and daring displayed by the officers and men of the 1st\\nMichigan cavalry. They advanced to the charge of a vastly superior fu-ce\\nwith as much order and precision as if going upon parade and I challenge\\nthe annals of warfare to produce a more brilliant or successful charge of\\ncavalry than the one just recounted. Nor must I forget to acknowledge the\\nindividual assistance rendered by battery M, 2d regimentof artillery, in this\\ncharge. Our success in driving the enemy from the field is due, in a great\\nmeasure, to the highly efficient manner in which the battery was handled\\nby Lieutenant A. C. M, Pennington, assisted by Lieutenants Clark, Wood-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "240 PIISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nruff, and Hamiltou. The enemy made but slight demonstration against us\\nduring the remainder of tlie day, except in one instance he attempted to\\nturn jny left flank, which attem})t was most gallantly met and successfully\\nfrustrated ))y Sec(jnd Lieutenant J.H. Kellogg, with company H,Gth INIich-\\nigan cavalry. We held possession of the held until dark, during which time\\nwe collected our dead and wounded. At dark 1 returned with my com-\\nmand to Two Taverns, where I encamped for the night.\\nIn this engagement my command lost as follows Nine officers and sixty-\\nnine men killed, twenty-five officers and two hundred and seven men wound-\\ned, seven officers and two hundred and twenty-five men missing making a\\ntotal of five hundred and forty-two. Among the killed I record the name\\nof IMajor N. H. Ferry, of the 5th Michigan cavalry, who fell while heitjically\\ncheering on his men. It would be impossible for me to particularize in those\\ninstances deserving special mention all, both men and officers, did their\\nduty. There were many cases of personal heroism, but a list of their names\\nwould make my report too extended. To Colonel Town, commanding the\\n1st Michigan cavalry, and to the officers and men of his regiment for the\\ngallant manner in which they drove the enemy from the field, great praise\\nis due. Colonel Mann, of the 7th Michigan cavalry, and Colonel Alger, of\\nthe 5th Michigan cavalry, as well as the officers and men of their commands,\\nare entitled to much credit for their united efibrts in repelling the advance\\nof the enemy. The 6th Michigan cavalry rendered very good service by\\nguarding both my right and left flank also by supporting battery JNI under\\na very hot fire from the enemy s battery. Colonel Gray, commanding the\\nregiment, was constantly seen wherever his presence was most needed, and\\nis deserving of special mention. I desire to commend to your favorable no-\\ntice Lieutenants Pennington, Clark, Woodruft and Plamilton, of battery M,\\n2d artillery, for the zeal and ability displayed by each on this occasion.\\nMy thanks are j)ersonally due to the following named members of my staff,\\nwho, on many occasions, exhibited remarkable gallantry in transmitting\\nand executing my orders on the field\\nCaptain G. A. Drew, 0th Michigan cavalry. Assistant Inspector General.\\nFirst Lieut. R. Baylis, 5th Michigan cavaliy, Acting Assistant Adju-\\ntant General.\\nFirst Lieut. Wm. H. Wheeler, 1st Michigan cavalry, A. D. C.\\nFirst Lieut. Wm. Colerick, 1st Michigan cavalry, A. D. C.\\nI desire also to mention two of my buglers, Joseph Fought, company D,\\n5th U. S. cavalry, and Peter Boehn, company B, 5th U. S. cavalry also\\nOrderlies Norvall Churchill, company L, 1st Michigan cavalry, George L.\\nFoster, company C, 1st Michigan cavalry, and Benjamin II. Butler, com-\\npany M, 1st Michigan cavalry.\\nFollowing the battle of Gettysburg, these regiments were engaged with\\nthe enemy in Maryland during July at the following points IMonterey 4th\\nCavetown 5th Smithtown, Boonsboro Hagerstown, and Williamsport Gth\\nBoonsboro 8th Hagerstown and Williamsport 10th; Falling Waters 14th;\\nand Snicker s Gap, Va., on the 19th.\\nThey were also engaged in Virginia at Kelly s Ford September 13th, at\\nCulpepper Court-house September 14th, at Raccoon Ford September 16th,\\nat White s Ford September 21st, and at Jack s Shop Sejitember 26th.\\nAt the second battle of Hagerstown, July 10th, 1863, the rebels becoming\\npanic-stricken, abandoned their wagons, ammunition, arms, tents, and even\\nprovisions. Hundreds of them, fearing Kilpatrick s men, fled to the right\\nand left to avoid their terrific charges, and subsequently surrendered them-\\nselves. One strapping fellow surrendered to a little bugler who was attach-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 241\\ned to General Custer s brigade. As he passed down tlie line, escorting his\\nj)risoner, a Colt s revolver in hand, he called out I say, boys, what do\\nyou think of this fellow?\\nReport of Colonel C. H. Town, commanding 1st Michigan, covering a\\nportion of the operations of his regiment around Gettysburg\\nWe moved early on the morning of the 4th of July to\\nEmmetsburg, thence to Monterey. Before reaching the latter place the\\nenemy was discovered in force upon the hills to the right of the road. The\\nregiment, being in advance of the column, was sent on a road leading to\\nFairfic^ld Gap. The enemy having possession of the gap, a charge was\\nmade by one squadnm, which, with the remainder of the regiment deployed\\nas skirmishers, was successful in driving the enemy from the gap. The\\nregiment hold the position until the entire column had passed, though the\\nenemy made desperate efforts, with superior numbers, to drive us out. Our\\nloss here was heavy. Captain William R. Elliott, while bravely leading\\nhis company, was mortally wounded, and died the next morning, and\\nLieutenant James S. McElhenny, commanding company G, was killed in-\\nstantly.\\nI must embrace the present opportunity to pay a parting tribute to the\\nmemory of the noble men whose names I liave above mentioned. Elliott\\nand INIcElhcnny were, indeed, true types of the American soldier. They\\ndevoted their whole time to their duties, ever ready and fjiithful in their\\ndischarge. They died as the Union soldier loves to die leading in the\\ncharge.\\nOn the Gth of July the regiment was in support of a battery at Hagers-\\ntown, fortunately without loss.\\nPermit me here to speak of the late Captain Charles I. Snyder, of this\\nregiment, who was mortally wounded while gallantly leading a squadron\\nof the 18th Pennsylvania cavalry, in the streets of Ilagerstown. He had\\nbeen detailed for some days as an aid to General Kilpatrick, and was\\nordered by that officer to assist in the charge. Fearlessly he entered upon\\nhis duty, and nobly did he discharge it. INIeeting six sturdy Confederates,\\nhe engaged them single-handed, cutting three of them out of the saddle\\nand putting the rest to flight, though he received the pistol shot which\\ncaused his death, and a sabre cut on the head as well, early in the melee.\\nThe memory of this brave and noble-hearted man will ever be cherished\\nwith brotherly fondness by the officers and men of the 1st Michigan cav-\\nCaptain Snyder died of his wounds at Ilagerstown, on July 1st, fol-\\nlowing.\\nThe 1st cavalry lost at Gettysburg 80 men and 11 officers killed, wounded,\\nand missing, out of 300. The 7th cavalry had 10 killed, 41 wounded, 12\\nmissing, and 12 prisoners. Casualties of 5th and 0th are not reported.\\nGeneral Kilpatrick, in his report, referring to the engagement at Falling\\nWaters, July 14, 1803, says\\nThe enemy was, when first seen, in two lines of battle, with\\narms stacked, within less than one thousand yards of the large force. A\\nportion of the Gth Michigan cavalry, seeing only that part of the enemy\\nbehind the earthworks, charged. This charge was led by Major Webber,\\nand was the most gallant ever made. At a trot they passed up the hill,\\nreceived the fire from the whole line, and the next moment rode through\\nand over the earthworks, sabering the rebels along the entire line, and re-\\nturned with a loss of thirty killed, wounded, and missing, including the\\ngallant Major Webber, killed.\\nP", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "242 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nCaptain David G. Royce and Lieutenant Charles E. Bolza, 6tli Michi-\\ngan, were killed in this action, Lieutenant Bolza in the charge, and Captain\\nRoyce in action succeeding it.\\nReport of Colonel R. A. Alger, commanding 5th Michigan, in Avhich he\\nrefers to the services of his regiment at Gettysburg, says\\nThe 5th has won an enviable reputation. Every moment\\nbrings a sad gloom over all our hearts for the noble Ferry. He Avas in-\\nstantly shot through the head, while leading his battalion at Gettysburg.\\nHe was a brave officer. I cannot supply his place.\\nNote. A correspondent says of the cavalry on the Gettysburg campaign: In six-\\nteen days, one division of onr cavalry has had fifteen battles, with infantry, in nearly all\\nto contend against, captured and destroyed nearly or quite one thousand loaded wagons\\nand between three and four thousand horses and mules taken between four and five\\nthousand rebel prisoners, destroyed on^-half of the rebel General Stuart s cava! rj force,\\nand so demoralized the balance, that when a green (or blue) militia regiment, (the\\nPhiladelphia Blues,) with a regiment of Green Mountain Boys, attacked them while\\nposted behind earth-works at Hagerstown, the whole command fled panic-stricken or\\nat Williamsport, where Custer s brigade of Michiganders, with Pennington s battery,\\ncaptured more than man for man, fiom an enemy wliose force consisted of four times\\ntheir numbers, and strongly located behind earth-works. This is cavalry fighting, the\\nsuperior of which the world never saw. The cavalry also contributed largely to the\\nsuccess of our arms at Gettysburg.\\nThe same correspondent in noticing the engagement at Falling Waters, which imme-\\ndiately followed Gettysburg, says Hearing that a force had marched towards Falling\\nWaters, General Kilpatrick ordered an advance to that place. Through Some mistake,\\nonly one brigade, that of General Custer s, obeyed the order. When within less than a\\nmile of Falling Waters, four brigades were found in line of battle, in a very strong posi-\\ntion, and behind half a dozen Eleventh-Corps or crescent-shaped earth-walls. The\\n6ih Michigan cavalry was in advance. They did not wait for orders, but a squadron,\\ncompanies D and C, under Captain Royce (who was killed,) and Captain Armstrong,\\nwere deployed as skirmishers, while companies B and F, led by Major Webber, (who\\nwas killed,) made the charge. The line of skirmishers was forced back several times,\\nbut the men rallied promptly, and finally drove the enemy behind the works. A charge\\nwas then made, the squadron passing between the earth-works. So sudden and spirited\\nwas the dash, and so demoralized were the enemy, that the first brigade surrendered\\nwithout firing a shot. The charging squadron moved directly on, and engaged the\\nsecond brigade, when the brigade that had surrendered seized their guns, and then\\ncommenced a fearful struggle. Of the one hundred who made the charge, only thirty\\nescaped uninjured; seven of their horses lay dead within tlie enemy s works.\\nA correspondent says of the cavalry on the right of our army at Gettysburg, and who\\nnoticed a charge of the 7th cavalry But little has been said of the part taken by the\\ncavaby on the right at Gettysburg, Friday, July 3d. General Gregg s division, assist-\\ned by General Custer s brigade, of General Kilpatrick s division, rendered an important\\nservice here. The enemy seemed determined to capture our batteries and turn the\\nflank. The movement was only prevented through the stubborn bravery of the troops.\\nThe 7th Michigan, a new regiment, charged up to a stone wall under a front and Hank\\nfire from a concealed enemy, charging in column by company, closed en masse. When\\nthe first company reached the wall, and was brought to a sudden stand, the balance\\nof the column, being in a very e. iposed position, was thrown into some confusion. The\\nregiment was recalled, wheu the 1st Michigan, Colonel Town, made a more successful\\ncharge.\\nIn a report of Col. Alger commanding 5th cavalry, is found the following At 3 A.\\nM. on the Ist of September, 1863, we moved towards Port Conway, arriving there at 2\\nP. M. The enemy s pickets and skirmishers were driven across the river, and the regi-\\nment advanced to the bank, exposed to a severe fire from the enemy s artillery, which\\nwas in position on the south side of the Rappahannock. Two gunboats and some sup-\\nplies were destroyed and we moved back, returning to camp on the following day\\nLieut. P. S. Leggett, a gallant young officer, was killed. He was serving on the staff\\nof Gen. Kilpatrick, and is mentioned in the oflicial report of that officer, as *a young\\nman of great daring, perseverance and energy, and was on several occasions sent by\\nthe General inside of the enemy s lines, and succeeded in gaining much information in\\nregard to their strength, position, c.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 243\\nUnder (late of October 24, 1803, covering- operations of liis cavalry during\\nthat month, General Custer in his report says:\\nIn corapliaucc with instructions received from the general commanding\\nthe division, I have the honor to submit the following report of the oj)era-\\ntions of my command from October 9th to October 23d, 1863:\\nOn the night of October 9th, my picket line, Avhich extended along the\\nnorth bank of Robertson rhor in the vicinity of James city, was attacked,\\nand a portion of the line forced back upon the reserves; at the same time\\nmy scouts informed me that the enemy was moving in heavy column toward\\nmy right this report was confirmed by deserters. In anticipation of an\\nattack by the enemy at daybreak, T oixlered my entire command to be\\nsaddled at 3 A. M., on the 10th. At daylight the enemy began by cau-\\ntiously feeling my lino but seeing his inability to surprise us, he contented\\nhimself with obtaining possession of Cedar Mountain, which point he after-\\nw-ards used as a signal station. At 1 P. INI. I received orders from the gen-\\neral commanding the division to report with my command at James City.\\nTiio head of my column arrived in the vicinity of that point at 3 P. i\\\\I.\\nThe enemy had already obtained possession of the town, and had brought\\nseveral guns to bear upon the position I was ordered to take. Battery M,\\n2(1 U. S. artillery, under command of Lieutenant Pennington, was unlim-\\nbered, and succeeded in shelling the enemy out of the woods on the right\\nof the town. At the same time. Colonel Alger, of the 5th jNIichigan cavalry,\\nwho held the extreme left of my line, moved forward with one l)attalion of\\nhis regiment, under the gallant INIajor Clark, and charged the battery. The\\ncharge, although daring in the extreme, ftxiled for want of sufficient sup-\\nport. It was successful so far, lunvever, as to compel the enemy to shift the\\n])osition of his battery to a more retired point. Night setting in prevented\\nus from improving the advantage we had gained. Most of my command\\nrested on their arms during the night. Early in the morning I retired on\\nthe road leading to Culpepper, which point I reached without molestation\\nfrom the enemy. It Avas not until the rear of my column was lea\\\\ irig the\\ntown that the enemy made his appearance, and attempted unsuccessfully\\nto harass my rear guard. On the hills north of the town I placed my com-\\nmand in position to receive an attack. The enemy not feeling disposed to\\naccept the invitation, I retired on the road leading to Rappahannock Sta-\\ntion. ]\\\\[y column had scarcely begun to march before the officer command-\\ning the rear guard, Colonel Mann, of the 7th Michigan cavalry, reported\\nthe enemy to be pressing him closely. At the same time a strong column\\nwas seen on my outer flank, evidently attempting to intercept our line of\\nmarch to the river. The vigorous attacks now being made upon my rear\\nguard compelled me to place my battery at the head of the column, and to\\nempl \u00c2\u00bby my entire force to keep the enemy from my guns. My advance\\nhad rea(died the vicinity of Brandy Station, when a courier hastened back,\\nwith the information that a brigade of the enemy s cavalry was in position\\ndirectly in my front, thus cutting us completely off from the river. Upon\\nexamination, I learned the correctness of the report. The heavy masses of\\nthe rebel cavalry could be seen covering the heights in front of my advance.\\nAVhen it is remembered that my rear guard was hotly engaged w ith a supe-\\nrior force, a heavy column enveloping each flank, and my advance con-\\nfronted by more than double my own number, the perils of my situation\\ncan be estimated. Lieutenant Pennington at once placed his battery in\\nposition, and opened a brisk fire, which was responded to by the guns of the\\nenemy. The majiu -general commanding the cavalry corps at this nK^ment\\nrode to the advance. To him I proposed, with my command, to cut through", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "244 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe force on my front, and thus open a way for the entire command to the\\nriver.\\nMy proposition was approved, and I received orders to take my avail-\\nable force and push forward, leaving the 6th and 7th INIichigan cavalry to\\nhold the force in rear in check. I formed the 5th Michigan cavalry on my\\nrii.lit, in column of battalions; on my left I formed the 1st Michigan in\\ncoiunm of squadrons. After ordering them to draw their sabres, I informed\\nthem that we were surrounded, and all we had to do was to open a way\\nAvith our sabres. They showed their detci mination and purpose by givhig\\nthree hearty cheers. At this moment the band struck up the inspiring air\\nYankee Doodle, which excited the enthusiasm of the entire command to\\nthe highest pitch, and made each individual member feel as if he was a\\nhost in himself Simultaneously both regiments moved forward to the\\nattack. It required but a glance at the countenances of the men to enable\\nme to read the settled determination with which they undertook the Avork\\nbefore them. The enemy, without waiting to receive the onset, broke in\\ndisorder and fled. After a series of brilliant charges, during which the\\nenemy suffered heavily, we succeeded in reaching the river, which we crossed\\nin good order. From the 11th to the 15th instant my command was em-\\nployed in picketing and guarding the flank and rear of the army. On the\\nafternoon of the 15th, the brigade being posted on BullKun battle ground,\\nI detailed Major Kidd with his regiment, the 6th IMichigan cavalry, to re-\\nconnoitre the position and strength of the enemy in the vicinity of Gaines-\\nville. The reconnoisance was entirely satisfactory, and showed the enemy\\nto be in considei able force at that point. Sunday, the 18th instant, at three\\nP. M., the entire division was ordered to move on the pike leading from\\nGroveton to Warrenton. The 1st brigade moved on the pike, the 2d moved\\non a road to the left of, and parallel to the pike, but soon encountered the\\nenemy, and drove him as far as Gainesville, where the entire command\\nbivouacked during the night. The 1st Vermont cavalry, under Colonel\\nSawyer, deserves great credit for the rapidity with which they forced the\\nenemy to retire. At daybreak on the morning of the 19th my brigade\\ntook the advance, and skirmished with the enemy s cavalry from Gaines-\\nville to Buckland at the latter point I found him strongly posted upon\\nthe south bank of Broad Run. The position for his artillery Avas well\\nchosen. After a fruitless attempt to effect a crossing in his front, I suc-\\nceeded in turning his left flank so completely as to force him from his\\nposition. Having driven him more than a mile from the stream, I threw\\nout my pickets and ordered my men to prepare their dinner. From the\\ninhabitants of Buckland I learned that the forces of the enemy with whom\\nAve had been engaged Avere commanded by CJcneral J. E. B. Stuart in per-\\nson, Avho, at the time of our arrival at that point, Avas seated at the dinner-\\ntable eating, but, OAving to my successful advance, he Avas cora]x lled to\\nleave his dinner untouched a circumstance not regretted by that portion\\nof my command into Avhose hands it fell. The 1st brigade took tlie ad-\\nvance. At this point I Avas preparing to follow, Avhen information reached\\nme that the enemy Avas advancing on my left from the direction of Green-\\nwich. I had scarcely time to place my command in position to resist an\\nattack from that direction before the enemy s skirmishers appeared. Pen-\\nnington s battery opened iipon them, Avhile the 6th Michigan cavalry, under\\nMajor Kidd, Avas thioAvn forAvard and deployed as skirmishers. One gun\\nof Pennington s battery, supported by the 1st Vermont cavalry, Avas placed\\non my extreme left. The 1st Blichigan cavalry, under ]\\\\fajor Brewer,\\nacted as a reserve, and as a support for the remaining five guns of the bat-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 245\\ntery. The 7th Michigan cavalry, under Colonel Mann, were engaged in\\nthe woods on my right. At first I was under the impression that the skir-\\nmishers were composed of dismounted cavalry, but later developments\\nconvinced me that it was a very superior force of infantry that now con-\\nfronted me. After completing his disposition for attack, the enemy ad-\\nvanced upon me. In doing so he exposed a line of infantry of more than\\na mile in extent. At the same time he opened a heavy fire upon mc from\\nhis artillery. Pennington s battery, aided by the 6th INIichigan cavalry,\\npoured a destructive fire upon the enemy as he advanced, but failed to\\nforce him back. A desperate effort was made to capture my battery.\\nPennington contiimed to fire until the enemy was within twenty yards of\\nhis guns. He was then compelled to limber up and retire to the north\\nbank of Broad Run. The other portions of the command followed. The\\n1st Michigan cavalry was intrusted with the duty of covering the move-\\nment a task which was gallantly perfbrjned. ]\\\\Iy command being very\\nexhausted, I retired to the vicinity of Gainesville, where I encamped for\\nthe night. IMajor Clark, 5tli INIic-higan cavalry, was detached with his\\nregiment with one battalion. When the command retired to the north\\nbank of Broad Run, he, with a small portion of his battalion, became sep-\\narated from the rest of the command, and were captured by the enemy.\\nComputing my losses from the 9th instant, I find them to be as follows\\nNine men killed, two officers and forty-one men wounded, eight officers and\\none hundred and fifty -four men missing.\\nBefore closing my report, I desire to make honorable mention of the\\nhighly creditable manner in which both officers and men of my command\\nhave discharged their duty during the long and ax duous marches as well as\\nthe hard-fought engagements of the past few days. Too much praise cannot\\nbe given to the officers and men of battery ]M, 2d artillery, for the gallantry\\ndisplayed on inore than one occasion. For the untiring zeal and energy,\\nadded to the unflinching bravery displayed in transmitting and executing\\nmy orders upon the field, my acknowledgments are due to the following\\nmembers of my staff: Captain R. F. Judson, A. I). C. Lieut. R. Bayless,\\nA. A. D. C. Lieut. William Colerick, A. D. C. and to Lieutenant E. G.\\nGranger, A. A. A. G. Lieut. Granger, while leading a charge at Brandy\\nStation, had his horse shot in two places. Surgecm Wooster, of my staff, in\\naddition to his professional duties, rendered me valuable assistance by aid-\\ning in transmitting my orders.\\nLieut. George W. Robinson, 1st cavalry, Avas killed in action October\\n21st, 1864.\\nAfter the severe engagement at Buckland s Mills on November 19th, the\\nregiments met the enemy on the 26th at iSIorton s Ford.\\nOn the 28th of February, 1864, the brigade broke camp at Stevensburg,\\nVirginia, and started on the cavalry raid to Richmond under General Kil-\\npatrick.\\nFollowing is an extract from a report of the officer in command of the 5th\\niMichigan regarding the part taken by his regiment in that affair:\\nTaking part in the raid made by the cavalry under Gen. Kilpatrick to\\nthe outer defences of Richmond, the main body of the regiment crossed the\\nRapi lan, and moving via Spotsylvania and Beaver Dam Station to Hun-\\ngary Station, and thence down the Brook Turnpike to within five miles of\\nthe city of Richmond. Being here attacked, ]March 2d, by a large body\\nof the enemy s forces the Union cavalry were obliged to retire. The main\\nbody of the regiment joined Gen. Butler s forces at New Kent C. IL A\\ndetachment of the regiment had accompanied the force under Colonel Ulric", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "246 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nDahlgren, taarchiug via Frederick s Hall Station to Dover s Mill, twelve\\nmiles above llichmoud, on the James river, where it arrived on the 2d of\\nMarch. The command then moved doAvn to -within five miles of Richmond,\\nthe detachment being in the advance and charging the enemy s lines near\\nthe city drove them from their first line of fortifications. Following up the\\nmovement, the command drove the enemy from one line to another until a\\npoint was reached within two miles of the city, when it was found impossi-\\nble to advance further with so small a force. Retreating from in front of\\nthe city the command endeavored to force its way to the Union forces be-\\nyond the Chickahominy. The detachment of the 5th, with another portion\\nof the command became separated in the night, Avhich was cold, rainy, and\\nvery dark, from the main body under Dahlgren. Although attacked by\\nthe rebels, who were posted in strong force near Old Church, they succeeded\\nin cutting their way through and in joining the regiment near White House\\nLanding on the following day. At Yorktown, on the 11th, the regiment\\nembarked on transports for Alexandria, whence it moved to Stevensburg,\\nwhere it arrived April 18th.\\nThe commanding officer of the 6th Michigan says of his regiment in the\\nsame affair\\nOn the 28th of February, leaving camp at Stevensburg, it started on\\nthe cavalry raid to Richmond under General Kilpatrick. Its division being\\nattacked near ]\\\\Iechanicsville on the night of the 2d of IMarch it was obliged\\nto retire, a portion of the 6th cavalry forming a part of the rear guard.\\nHaving succeeded in joining the forces at New Kent Court-house, the regi-\\nment moved down the Peninsula, and, embarking on transports, proceeded\\nto Alexandria, whence it returned to its former camp at Stevensburg.\\nIn the report of the 7th cavalry is found the following:\\nThis regiment, on the 7th of IS ovember, 1863, joined the advance of the\\nArmy of the Potomac toward the Rappahannock. On the morning of the\\n26th it crossed the enemy s rifle-pits near INIorton s Ford, and moving for-\\nward captured prisoners from the rear of the rebel column. It was em-\\nployed on picket duty until the 28th of February, when it started on the\\nKilpatrick raid. On the afternoon of the 29th it arrived at Beaver Dam\\nStati(jn, on the Virginia Central Railroad, after a twenty hours march, and\\nassisted in burning the station and destroying the track. Resuming the\\nmarch, it arrived before Richmond on the afternoon of the next day, and\\nwhile on picket during the night was attacked by a superior force. After\\na desperate fight, being unsupported, it was obliged to retire, with a loss in\\nmissing of forty-four, among whom was its commanding oflicer, Lieut. Col. xV.\\nC. Litchfield, who was taken prisoner. Plaving reached Yorktown, the com-\\nmand moved from thence to Alexandria by transports, and marched to its\\nformer camp near Stevensburg.\\nEntering the campaign of 1864, the brigade crossed the Rapidan on the\\n5th of May with the Army of the Potomac.\\nThe 1st cavalry, being absent from the field in IMichigan on veteran fur-\\nlough, did not participate in the Kilpatrick raid, but returned in time\\nto enter on the great campaign of 1864 under General Grant.\\nGeneral Custer, in a rei)ort dated July 4, 1864, covering the operations\\nof his command in that campaign, says\\nIn obedience to the instructions of the general commanding the divi-\\nsion, I have the honor to subniit the following report of the o])erati(nis of\\nthis brigade from May 4th to June oOth. On the 4tli of ]\\\\Iay this bi-igado\\nleft camp near Culpepper and marched to Stony IMountain, where it en-\\ncamped during the uight, picketing from the Mountain to the Rapidan.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 247\\nAt 3 o clock on the following morning the march was resumed in the direc-\\ntion of Gcrraania Ford the point of crossing was afterwards changed to\\nEly s Ford, from which point W e moved to Chancellorsville, and encamped\\nabout one mile beyond on the Fredericksburg plank road. At 2 o clock\\non the morning of the Bth, we moved by the Furnace road to its intersection\\nwith the Brock pike, taking a position to hold the intersection. Communica-\\ntunx was also opened with General Gregg s division, which was then at\\nTodd s Tavern. While in position at the cross-roads, an order was received\\nfrom the division connnander, directing rae to take the 1st and 2d brigades\\nand move out on the Brock pike for thic purpose of harassing Longstreet s\\ncorps, which was reported to be moving on Hancock s left flank. Before\\nthe order could be executed, my pickets on the Ijrock pike, under Captain\\nMaxwell, 1st IMichigan, were driven in, and a large force of the eneiiiy t;\\ncavalry appeared on my front. Most of my command were concealed by\\nthe woods, only the pickets and reserve being visible to the enemy. This\\niact induced the enemy to charge; but the 1st Michigan, under Lieutenant-\\nColonel Stagg, charged the enemy s advancing column and repulsed him\\nhandsomely, killing and wounding a large number of the enemy. My\\nentire line was then thrown forward and advantageously posted in a i-avine\\nfronting an extended open country. The enemy nuide repeated and des-\\nl)erate efforts to drive inc from this position, but was defeated each time\\nwith heavy loss. Failing to dislodge me by attacking my front, he moved\\na heavy force of dismounted men through the woods on my right, intending\\nto turn my right flank and gain possession of the Furnace road in my rear.\\nDiscovering this movement, I sent the 5th IMichigan cavalry. Colonel Alger\\ncommanding, and the Gth IMichigan cavalry. Major Kidd commanding, to\\ncheck the advance of the enemy, and if possible drive him to the o])en\\ncountry beyond. About this time, Colonel Dcvin reported to me with the\\n2d brigade. A section of artillery, sent to me by General Gregg, also ar-\\nrived. Eight guns were placed in a favorable position for silencing the\\nguns of the enemy. I directed Colonel Devin to support the battery placed\\nin position with one of his regiments. The 17th Pennsylvania was sent, dis-\\nmounted, into the woods on my right, to reinforce the d\\\\\\\\i and Gth IMichigan\\ncavalry, which at this time were hard pressed by the enemy. With the\\nremaining portion of his command, Colonel Devin was instructed to protect\\nand to hold the left flank. When these dispositions were completed, I\\nordered the battery of eight guns to fire as rapidly as they could be loaded\\nand aimed, while the three regiments dismounted on my right were ordered\\nto advance. Captain Maxwell, 1st Michigan, with one squadron, charged\\nthe enemy in front. The enemy, after contesting the ground obstinately,\\nwere driven from the field in great disorder, leaving his dead and many of\\nhis wounded upon the ground. We also captured a considerable nundjer\\nof prisoners, who informed us that we had been engaged with Fitz Hugh\\nLee s division of cavalry. Orders having been received not to pursue the\\nenemy beyond this point, we remained on the field until near night, estab-\\nlishing communication in the meanwhile with the left of the 2d corps. Just\\nbefore dark, I received orders to withdraw my command and encamp near\\nthe Furnace. On the morning of the 7th, we reoceupied the ground we\\nheld the day before. Upon arriving at the intersection of the Furnace road\\nand Brock pike, the 1st IMichigan was thrown forward to hold the road\\nleading to Todd s Tavern. The enemy were encountered in heavy force\\nabout three-fourths of a mile beyond the cross-roads. A portion of the 1st\\nMichigan was dismounted, and advanced through the woods on both sides\\nof the road, while the remainder of the regiment, under Captain Brcvoort,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "248 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURLNG THE REBELLION.\\nmoved up the road mounted. After a short but severe engagement, the\\nenemy was driven back towards Todd s Tavern, which point was soon after\\noccupied by our forces under General Gregg, whose right flank connected\\nwith my left. But little fighting occurred en my front durmg the remainder\\nof that day. On the 8th, we moved from Todd s Tavern to Silver, a point\\non the Fredericksburg plank road, where the entire corps was massed. At\\ndaylight, on the morning of the 9th, the corps started on the Richmond\\nraid, this brigade being in the advance. After a short halt at Chiklsbury,\\nwhere the division was massed, we moved on the road leading to Beaver\\nDam Station, on the Virginia Central railroad. Just before reaching the\\nNorth Anna river, the advance guard reported a train of the enemy s am-\\nbulances to be in sight. Major Brewer, of the 1st Michigan cavalry, with\\none battalion of his regiment, was ordered to push forward and capture\\nthem after which he was to move rapidly on Beaver Dam Station, the re-\\nmainder of the brigade to follow closely in support. Before reaching the\\nstation, the advance encountered a considerable force of the enemy, con-\\nducting upwards of four hundred Union prisoners to Richmond. JMajor\\nBrewer gallantly charged the enemy, and succeeded in recapturing all our\\nmen and quite a number of their captors. Among the recaptured men of\\nour army was one colonel, two lieutenant-colonels, and a considerable num-\\nber of captains and lieutenants, all belonging to infantry regiments, and\\nhaving been captured during the battles of the Wilderness. Pressing on,\\nwe obtained possession of Beaver Dam Station, where we captured three\\ntrains and two first-class locomotives. The trains were heavily laden with\\nsupplies for the army. In addition, we captured an immense amount of\\narmy supplies, consisting of bacon, flour, meal, sugar, molasses, liquors, and\\nmedical stores; also several hundred stand of arms, and a large number of\\nhospital tents, the whole amounting to several millions of dollars.\\nAfter supplying my command with all the rations they could transport,\\nI caused the remainder to be burned. I also caused the railroad track to\\nbe destroyed for a considerable distance. The enemy made fi equent\\nattempts during the night to drive me from the station, but were unsuc-\\ncessful. On the following day this command moved with the corps to the\\nsouth bank of the South Anna, crossing at Ground Squirrel Bridge. On\\nthe 11th the enemy s cavalry, under ^lajor-General J. E. B. Stuart, was\\nmet at Yellow Tavern, near the intersection of the telegraph road and\\nBrock Pike. The 2d and reserve brigades were first engaged afterwards\\nthe brigade was thrown in on the left of the reserve brigade, connecting on\\nmy left with the right of the od division. The enemy was strongly posted\\non a bluff in rear of a thin skirt of woods, his battery being concealed from\\nour view by the woods, while they had obtained a perfect range of my\\nposition. The edge of the woods nearest to my front was held by the\\nenemy s dismounted men, who poured a heavy fire into my lines. The 5th\\nand Gth ^lichigan were ordered to dismount and drive the enemy from his\\nposition, which they did in the most gallant manner, led by Colonel Alger,\\nof the 5th, and ]\\\\I;ijor Ividd, of the 0th. Upon reaching the woods I di-\\nrected Colonel Alger to establish the 5tli and Gth ui)ou a line near\\nthe skirts of the W(W(ls, and hold his position until further orders.\\nFrom a personal examination of the ground, I discovered that a successful\\ncharge might be made upon the battery of the enemy by keeping well to\\nthe ught. With this intention 1 formed the 1st jMichigan cavalry in column\\nof squadrons under CDver of the woods. At the same time I directed\\nColonel Alger and jNIajor Kidd to move the otii and (itli ^lichigan cavalry\\nforward and occupy the attention of the enemy on the left, lleaton s bat-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 249\\ntery to engage them in front, while the 1st charged the battery on the\\nflank. The bugle sounded the advance, and the three regiments moved\\nforward. As soon as the 1st jNIichigan moved from the cover of the woods\\nthe enemy divined our intention, and o])encd a brisk fire from his artillery\\nwith shell and canister. Before the battery of the enemy could be reached\\nthere were five fences to be opened and a bridge to cross over, which it was\\nimpossible to ])ass more than three at one time, the intervening ground\\nbeing within close range of the enemy s battery. Yet notwithstanding\\nthese obstacles, the 1st iNIichigan, Lieutenant-Colonel Stagg commanding,\\nadvanced boldly to the charge, and when within two hundred yards of the\\nbattery, charged it with a yell which spread terror before them. Two\\npieces of cannon, two limbers filled Avith ammunition, and a large number\\nof prisoners were among the results of this charge. While it is ini])ossible\\nto mention all the names of the oflicers of tlie 1st Michigan who dis-\\ntinguished themselves by their gallantry in this charge, I cannot forbear\\nfrom referring specially to the conduct of IMnjor Howrigan, of this regi-\\nment, whose bravery on this occasion rendered him conspicuous. He was\\nthe first to reach the rebel battery, and in doing so received a wound in\\nthe arm. Lieutenant-Colonel Stagg, who commanded the 1st Michigan in\\nthe charge, with the officers and men of his command, deserve great credit\\nfor the (laring manner in which the rebel battery was taken. The assist-\\nance of the 5th and 6th JMichigan cavalry, by engaging the enemy in front,\\nwas also most important. After the enemy was driven aci oss a deep\\nravine, about a quarter of a mile beyond the position held by his battery,\\nhe rallied and reformed his forces, and resisted successfully the further\\nadvance of the 1st IVIichigan. The 7th ^lichigan, commanded by Major\\nGranger, was ordered forward at a trot, and wIumi near the enemy s posi-\\ntion, was ordered to charge with drawn sabres. IMajor Gi anger, like a true\\nsoldier, placed himself at the head of his men, and led them up to the very\\nmuzzles of the enemy s guns; but, notwithstanding the heroic efforts of this\\ngallant officer, the enemy held their position, and the 7th IMichigan was\\ncompelled to retire; but not until the chivalric Granger had fallen, pierced\\nthrough the head and heart by the bullets of the enemy. He fell, as the\\nNote. The regiment had charged through and driven the enemy out of the first line\\nof woods near Yellow Tavern, and had reached an open space, when the command\\nwas given to cease firing just at that instant a rebel ofliccr, who afterwards proved to\\nbe General J. E. B. Stuart, rode up with his staff to within about eighty rods of our\\nline, when a shot was fired by a man of the 51,li. John A. Huff of company E, remarked\\nto him Tom, you shot too low, and to the left; then turning round to Col. Alger\\nwho was near, he said Colonel, I can fetch that man. The Colonel replied, Try\\nhim. Me took deliberate aim across a fence and fired the officer fell. Huff turned\\nround to the Colonel and coolly said There s a spread eagle for you.\\nHuff had won the first prize for shooting while serving in Berdan s Sharpshooters,\\nand WHS a most remarkable shot. He was from Macomb county, Mich., and died June\\n23d, 1804, of wounds received in action at Cold Harbor on tho first of that month.\\nPollard, in his Lost Cause, says of the death of General J. E. B. Sumrt An ex-\\npedition of Federal cavalry, commanded by General Sheridan, was directed to make a\\nbold dash around Lee s flank towards Richmond. It passed around the right flank of\\nthe Confederates to the North Anna river committed some damage at Beaver Dam\\nmoved thence to the South Anna and Ashland Station, where the railroad was de-\\nstroyed and finally found its way to the James river, where it joined the forces of\\nButler. On the 10th May, a portion of Slieridan s command under Custer and Merrill,\\nwere encountered by a body of Stuart s cavalry near .\\\\sl)land, at a place called Yellow\\nTavern, on the road to Richmond. An engagement took place here. In a desperate\\ncharge, at the head of a column, Gen. Stuart fell, terribly wounded. He was imme-\\ndiately taken to Richmond, and every effort made to save his valuable life, but iu vain\\nbe died the next day.\\nP*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "250 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nwarrior loves to fall, with his face to the foe. The united efforts of the 1st,\\n5th, 6th, and 7th, assisted l)y Keaton s battery, and the 1st Vermont, under\\nthe gallant Colonel Preston, proved sufficient, after a short contest, to rout\\nthe enemy and drive him from his position. His defeat was complete. He\\nfled, leaving a large number of dead and wounded in our hands. Among\\nthe dead was the body of the notorious Colonel Henry Clay Pate. From\\nfacts obtained on the battle-field, and from information derived since, I\\nhave reason to believe that the rebel General J. E. B. Stuart received his\\ndeatli wound from the hand of private John A. Huff, of company E, 5th\\nMicliigan cavalry, who has since died from a wound received at Hawes s\\nSliop. After the enemy had been driven across the upper Chickahominy,\\nthis command remained upon the battle-ground until after midnight, when\\nit moved in rear of other portions of the command, towards INIeadow Bridge,\\nby way of the Brook Turnpike. On arriving near the bridge, this brigade\\nwas ordered by the Major-General comnumding the corps to take the ad-\\nvance and open the way across the Chickahominy at this point. The\\nenemv, after destroying the bridge, had taken a very strong position upon\\nthe opi)Osite side, from which they conmianded the bridge and its approaches\\nby artillery, infantry, and dismounted cavalry. The 5th Michigan, under\\nColonel Alger, was dismounted and crossed the river on the railroad bridge,\\na short distance below. The Gth IMichigan, under Major Kidd, also crossed\\nthe same bridge, dismounted. These two regiments advanced far enough\\nto protect the pioneers while building the bridge. This beuig done, the 7th\\nMichigan, two regiments from Colonel Devin s brigade, and two regiments\\nfrom General INicrritt s brigade, crossed the bridge to the support of the\\n5th and Gth INIichigan. The enemy had improved the natural strength of\\ntheir position by heavy breastworks. After a hard contest, from which we\\nsuffered severely, the enemy was driven from his position, leaving his dead\\nand wounded in our hands. His retreat was so rapid that pursuit by dis-\\nmounted men was impossilde, and the 1st Michigan, supported by the regi-\\nments of the reserve brigade, commanded by Colonel Gibbs, was sent for-\\nward and drove the enemy for two miles, returning with many prisoners.\\nIn this engagement the enemy lost heavily in officers among others,\\nGeneral Gordon, mortal]y wounded. From this point the entire command\\nmoved to Gaines Mills, this brigade being in advance, when the entire\\ncomnuuul encamped for the night. The following morning, IMay 18th, we\\nmarclied to Bottom s Bridge and encami)ed. INIay 14th we arrived at INIal-\\nvern Hill, and opened coiumunication with General Butler s forces. May\\n17th, about dark, started on our return to the army. INIay 18th crossed the\\nChickahominy at Jones s Bridge, and about two P. M. reached Baltimore\\nCross-roads, when we encam})ed until the 20th. This brigade was then de-\\ntached from the corps for the purpose of destroying the liichmond, Frede-\\nricksburg, and Virginia Central Railroads at their crossing of the South\\nAnna. On the morning of the same day reached Hanover Court-house,\\nwhere we burned two trestle bridges over Hanover creek, and dcf-troyed\\nabout one mile of railroad at that i)lace, capturing some commissai-y stores\\nat the station. Not deeming it advisable to encamp at that point, we\\nmarched back to Hanover town. The next morning returned to Hanover\\nCourt-house, when we ascertained that a brigade of rebel cavalry had occu-\\npied the town that night, and had retired in the direction of Hanover Junc-\\ntion. A heavy force of the enemy, consisting of infantry, cavalry, and ar-\\ntilhjry, was also reported at the railroad bridge on the South Anna. Leav-\\ning the 0th and 7th IMichigan to hold the cross-roads at Han(jver Court-\\nhouse, the 1st and 5th JMichigau were ordered to move in the dircctiou of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 251\\nthe South Aunii, and ascertain the strength and position of the enemy. They\\nhad not proceeded beyond two miles when the enemy were discovered in\\nstrong force in fi out, wliile a heavy column of his was reported to be moving\\non our left flank. Not desiring to bring on an engagement at this jjoint,\\nand having accom])lished tlie main object of the expedition, the command\\nwas withdrawn and rejoined the division the following day at the White\\nHouse, where we crossed the Panumkey about dark, and encamped about\\none mile from the river. May 23d, marched to Herring Creek, and en-\\ncamped about two miles from Dunkirk. The following day marched to\\nnear Milford Station. IMay 25th, we rejoined the Army of the I* toniac.\\nINIay 2()th, we broke camp and marched until midnight, reaching Daruey s\\nFerry, on the Pamunkey. The ferry was held by a portion of Uutler s\\nbrigade, of the enemy s cavalry. The 1st Michigan, under command of\\nLieut. Col. Stagg, were ordered to drive the enemy from the banks, and\\ncover the laying of the pontoon bridge. After a brisk engagement we ob-\\ntained possession of the opposite bank of the river, capturing a number of\\nprisoners. After the bridge was completed the whole command crossed, this\\nlirigade being in the advance. At Hanover Town this brigade was divided,\\nthe 1st and Gth JNIichigan moving up the direct road to Planover Court-\\nhouse, the 5th and 7th taking a road to the left, leading to Hawes s Shop.\\nThe 1st and 6th had })roceeded but a short distance from Hanover Town,\\nwhen they encountered a superior force of the enemy s cavalry, dismounted\\nand holding the Avoods on each side of the road. The enemy, by his supe-\\nriority in numbers and his advaiitago .in position, successfully checked the\\nfurther advance of the 1st and (Uh ^lichigan until, ascertaining the fact, I\\nordered the 5th and 7th to move by a road leading from Hawes s Shop to\\nthe rear of the enemy s position. A considerable force of the enemy was\\nfound holding this road but the advance of the 5th Michigan, under Capt.\\nHastings, supported by the main body of the regiment under Capt. INIagoffin,\\ncharged and drove them in great disorder. Upon arriving near Crump\\nCreek, the enemy took up a nvw position and attempted to prevent our fur-\\nther advance. The 5tli Michigan was dismountetl and deijloycd on the\\nright, while the 7th JMicliigan charged with the sabre on the left. The en-\\nemy, not waiting to receive our charge, fled in confusion across Crump Creek,\\nfollowed by the 7th JMicliigan, which charged them three miles, returning\\nwith a large number of prisoners. The position now held by the 5th Mich-\\nigan was ahuost in rear of that portion of the enemy confronting the 1st and\\n6th IMichigan. My diminished numbers, and the exhaustion of both men\\nand horses, prevented me from making an attack upon the enemy s rear. I\\ncontented myself by making a diversion in favor of the 1st and Gth Michi-\\ngan, the effect of which was to relieve them from the presence of the enemy\\nin their front, who, estimating the force in their rear to be a vastly superior\\none, gave way in a disorderly rout. The 1st and Gth IMichigan were moved\\nforward, and united with the 5th and 7th IMichigan, when we took up a po-\\nsition on Crump Creek. We encamped on Crump Creek until the following\\nmorning, when the 2d division, being attacked by the whole f)rce of cavalry\\nof the enemy, we were ordered to Gen. Gregg s assistance. After marching\\nto Hawes s Shop, we moved down the Richmond Road near the vicinity of\\nEauon Church. Owing to the thick woods and dense underbrush (in front\\n.of the enemy s position) it was impossible to manreuvre the connnand mount-\\ned. The entire brigade Avas therefore dismounted and formed in line, cross-\\ning the road at right angles the 1st and 6th ^lichigan being formed on the\\nright of the road, the 5tli and 7th jMichigan on the left of the road, the left\\nof the 6th connecting with the right of the 7th. In this manner the brigade", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "252 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nmoved forward until near General Gregg s line of battle, when a gap was\\nopened in his line for our occupation. By this time the engagement had\\nbecome general throughout the entire line and the firing very heavy.\\nSevere losses had been inflicted on both sides without decided advantage\\nto eitlier. As soon as all necessary disposition had been made, this brigade\\nmoved forward and engaged the enemy. The 5th and 7th Michigan, in\\ntheir advance, were exposed to a well-directed cross-fire from the enemy, as\\nwell as to a heavy fire in their front. More than once were they compelled\\nto give ground before the destructive storm of bullets which was showered\\nupon them, but only to advance again with courage and determination.\\nSeeing that it was within the power of the 1st and 6th INIichigan to advance\\nand dislodge that portion of the enemy which had poured such a destructive\\ncross-fire into the ranks of the 5th and 7th JNIichigan, I gave the order for\\nthe two former regiments to advance their line, which order was obeyed\\nwith promptness, the men moving forward with a cheer, driving the enemy\\nfrom his position in great confusion, and compelling him to leave the ground\\nstrewn with his dead and wounded. At the same time, the 5th and 7th on\\ntlie left of the road advanced, and were successful in dislodging the enemy\\nfrom their front, inflicting upon him a terrible loss. The pursuit was kept\\nup until the enemy had placed himself beyondthe range of our guns. From\\nan examination of the ground after the engagement, it was ascertained that\\nthe loss of the enemy was far heavier than during any previous engagement\\nof the same extent and duration. The havoc was particularly great in\\nButler s brigade of mounted infantry, comj^osed of seven large regiments,\\nprincipally from South Carolina. Our loss in this engagement was greater\\nthan in any other of the campaign. Captain IMaxwell, of the 1st jNIichigan,\\nCaptain Oliphant, Lieutenants Brewer, Osborn, and Muthersell, of the\\n5th Michigan, were severely wounded, and Captain Dodge, of the 5th Mich-\\nigan, slightly wounded. Lieutenant James Christiancy, one of my personal\\naids, while gallantly cheering on the men in the thickest of the fight, and\\nat the moment when the tide of battle was being turned in our favor, re-\\nceived two wounds, one of which carried away the end of his thumb, the\\nother intlicting a very dangerous and painful wound through the thigh at\\nthe same time his horse was shot under him. Lieutenant Nims, of my staff\\nalso had his horse shot under him. We held our position here until after\\ndark, when we were relieved by the infantry. We marched back and\\nencamped on the Pamunkey, about one mile from the Tolopotomoy creek.\\nThe following day we crossed the creek, and encamped about one mile from\\nNew Castle ferry, where we remained until 3 P. M. on the 30th, when we\\nmarched to Old Church. Here we found the reserve brigade engaged with\\nthe enemy, who had taken up a position on the Matedequin creek. Being\\nordered to the support of General Merritt, I ordered the 5th ]\\\\Iichigan on\\nthe right of the road, dismounted, the 1st and 7th JNIichigan on the left,\\nalso dismounted. As soon as I had formed my line, I ordered it to advance.\\nThe men went forward with a yell, and in a very short time we luid driven\\nthe enemy from his position. The 5th jMiehigan, on the right of the road,\\nmoved forward much faster than the regiments on the left, those on the left\\nhaving met a larger force, who opposed them with great determination. I\\ntht U ordered the 6th Michigan, (then in reserve,) mounted, to charge^\\nthem but before I could get that regiment up, the enemy had been driven\\nfrom the field, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. In this fight\\nwe captured a large number of prisoners. Lieutenant E. G. Granger, of\\nmv stair, was struck on the left shoulder by a spent ball. We encamped at\\nParsely s Mills, on the Matedequin.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 253\\nMay 31. About 3 P. M. the brigade moved toward Cold Harbor; the\\n6th JMichigan moved by a country road, with orders if possible to connect\\nwith the right of Colonel Devin s brigade. Arriving near that place, we\\nfound the reserve brigade hotly engaged with a superior force of cavalry,\\ninfantry, and artillery. The rebels had a strong barricade on the crest of\\nthe hill on which Cold Harbor is situated, which was well defended. All\\nour efforts to dislodge the enemy for a time were unsuccessful, until the 5th\\nMichigan and a portion of the reserve brigade were ordered to move on one\\nof the enemy s flanks. The enemy, finding their position turned, began to\\nabandon their works. At this moment one battalion of the 1st Michigan,\\nunder Major Brewer, was ordered to charge the enemy with drawn sabres.\\nThis charge produced the desired effect. The enemy, without waiting to\\nreceive it, threw down their arms and fled, leaving their dead and wounded\\non the field.\\nThis position being an important one, and having received orders to hold\\nit at any cost, measures were taken to put it in as defensible condition as\\npossible.\\nWo remained on the ground that night, the troops sleeping on their arms.\\nSoon after daybreak the next morning, a portion of tlie line held by the\\n1st ^Michigan was attacked by a large force of the enemy. Heavy liring\\nwas kept up for a long time, but tlie enemy, finding our position too strong,\\nwithdrew. It was here that Captain Brevoort, of the 1st iNlicliigan, one of\\nthe most gallant ofiicers in the corps, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\vas killed also Caj)tain Haslet, of\\nthe same regiment, was wounded. We were then relieved by a portion of\\nthe 6th corps, after Avhich we moved back to within a few miles of Parsely s\\nMills and encamped. June 2d, we moved toward the Chickahominy, and\\nencamped at Bottom s Bridge. We remained here till the 4th, when we\\nmoved to the Old Church Tavern; 5th, encamped at Shedley s, near Hawes\\nShop; Gth, encamped, at Newcastle Ferry; 7th, crossed the Pamunkey,\\nmarched about a mile beyond Aylett s^ and remained there till the next\\nmorning, when we moved to Hening Creek and encamped June 9th, en-\\ncamped at Young s Bridge June 10th, encamped within three miles of\\nLouisa Court-house. About daylight of the 11th, the 7th Michigan, who\\nAvere on picket on the road leading to the court-house, was attacked by\\nWickhani s rebel cavalry. As soon as I received notice of this attack, 1\\nordered the 1st Michigan to move to the support of the 7th. The enemy\\ndid not foUow up his attack. We then moved toward Travillian Station.\\nThe other brigades of the division had already moved by another road, and\\nI was ordered to connect with them at the station. The force by which we\\nhad been attacked folloAved us up, but did not press my rear very clos;-.\\n]\\\\Iy advance had arrived within a short distance of the station, when I re-\\nceived word from Captain Hastings, commanding the advance, that there\\nwas a wagon train in sight. I immediately ordered the 5tli Michigan (Col.\\nAlger) to charge them. This regiment charged down past the station, cap-\\nturing a large number of Avagons, ambulances, caissons, and about eight\\nhundred led horses. These being the horses of the force engaging Geneial\\nMerritt and Colonel Devin. I then sent the Gth IMichigan forward to the\\nsupport of the 5th. They had gone but a short distance, when the rebels\\ncharged them in the rear. I then dismounted a portion of ray command,\\nand very soon had driven the enemy from my front. I moved down to the\\nstation, and discovered a large force of the enemy with a battery in position\\non the right of the road. I ordered Major Brewer with the 7th ^lichigan\\ndown the road mounted, with orders as soon as my battery opened to charge\\nthem with drawn sabres. I had then one section of Captain Pennington s", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "254 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nbattery in position near the station-house, and had sent orders for the 1st\\nMichigan, which was in the rear, to move forward as rapidly as possible to\\ncharge the enemy on his left flank at the moment the 7th Michigan charged\\nhim in front. But this regiment was fully employed in holding the enemy,\\nwho were making a vigorous assault on our rear consequently, before those\\ndispositions could be made, the enemy had gained possession of the woods\\non our right, and jwured such a destructive fire on the cannoneers that they\\nwere compelled to change the position of the section. Colonel Alger, acting\\nunder the impulse of a pardonable zeal, did not halt at the station as the\\norder required, but advanced more than a mile beyond, hoping to increase\\nhis captures. The enemy, taking advantage of this, interposed his force\\nbetween Colonel Alger s rear and the advance of the Gth INIichigan, reoccu-\\npying the station and cutting Colonel Alger off from support.\\nI)isai:)pointed in not meeting the other brigades of the division, with\\nwhich I expected to form a junction at this point, and the enemy having\\nshown himself in heavy force on all sides, I was compelled to take up a\\nposition near the Station, from which 1 (K)uld resist the attacks of the\\nenemy, which were now being made on my front, right, left, and rear. As\\nfiring could now be heard in the direction from which the reserve and 2d\\nbrigades Avere expected, I determined to hold my position until reinforce-\\nments could arrive. The enemy made repeated and desperate efforts to\\nbreak our lines at different points, and in doing so compelled us to change\\nthe position of our batteries. The smallness of m} force compelled me to\\nadopt very contracted lines. From the nature of the ground and character\\nof the attacks that were made upon me, our line resembled very nearly a\\ncircle. The space over which we fought was so limited there was actually\\nno place which could be called under cover, or in other words, the entire\\nground was within range of the enemy s fires. This fact induced the officer\\nwho had charge of the pack-trains, caissons, headquarters wagons, and all\\nthe property we had captured, to seek without orders a place of safety. In\\ndoing so he conducted them into the lines of the enemy, when they were\\nre-captured. In causing this mishap he acted on his own responsibility,\\nimpelled by fear alone, and I might add that for his conduct on this occa-\\nsion the President of the United States has dismissed him from the service\\nfor cowardice and treachery.\\nAbout this time the enemy charged one of my guns, but before he\\ncould get it from the field the 7th Michigan, led by Major Brewer and\\nWalker, charged them, killing and wounding quite a number. Twice the\\nenemy charged this gun, but were unsuccessful in its capture. In this\\ncharge Major Brewer was severely wounded. After the enemy had been\\ndriven from this point, I started with the 7th Michigan after the trains.\\nNVe came upon the rear of them, and recaptured two caissons, three ambu-\\nlances, and several wagons. The enemy s force being so much greater than\\nmine, I did not deem it advisable to follow. I then ordered this regiment\\nback to its position on the line. At this time we had connected with the\\nother brigades of the division. In this fight Majors Kidd and Dcane, of\\nthe Gth ^lichigan were captured, but were shortly afterwards retaken by a\\nportion of their own regiment, led by Captain Birger. Also in this fight\\nLieutenant Ilichard Baylis, of my staff, received a severe and painful\\nwound through the shoulder while bravely leading a successful charge\\nagainst a superior force of the enemy. He continued to fight and encour-\\nage the men until compelled to leave the field from loss of blood. Captain\\nJacob L. Greene, my A. A. G., was here taken prisoner. With unfeigned\\nsorrow I am called upon to record the death of one of the bravest of the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 255\\n])rave, Sergeant JVIitcliell Belvir, of the 1st IMichigan cavalry. He lias\\nbeen ray color-bearer since the organization of this brigade. He received\\nhis death wound -while nobly discharging his duty to his flag and to his\\ncountry. He was killed in the advance, while gallantly cheering the men\\nforward to victory.\\nThe men remained on the line all that night. The next day, about 4\\nP. M., we moved out on the road to Gordonsvillo, this lirigade 1)eiiig in the\\nadvance. NVc had marched but a few miles when we found tlie ciioiny in\\nvery strong position. I immediately dismounted the Gth and 7th jMicliigan,\\nsending the Otli in on the left of the railroad, the 7tli on the right, holding\\nthe 1st and 5th in reserve. Soon these regiments became liotly engaged.\\nA i)ortion of the reserve brigade was then sent to connect with the right of\\nmy line. I also ordered the 1st and 5th to move out and reinforce tlie Gth\\nand 7th. At this time the engagement became general. We had been\\nfighting in this manner for some time, gaining no advantage, when I re-\\nceived orders from the General commanding the division to advance my\\nline, and, if possible, dislodge the enemy but the position proving too\\nformidable, I deemed it best to withdraw my command to the position pre-\\nviously held at the forks of the road. We held this position until mid-\\nnight, when we withdrew. Our loss of officers in this engagement was very\\nheavy. Captain Carr, Lieutenants Pulver and Warren, killed Captain\\nDuggan and Lieutenant Ihillock, Avoundcd all of the 1st Michigan.\\nCai)tains Hastings and Dodge, of the 5th Michigan, wounded also. Captain\\nLovell and Lieutenant Kanouse, of the Gth INIichigan, wounded. We\\ninarched all night, and in the morning recrossed the north branch of the\\nNorth Anna, near which we encamped. On the 14th encamped at Shady\\nGrove Church 15th, encamped near Guinea Station; IGth, eight miles\\nbeyond Newtown; 17th, near Walkerton 18th, near King and Queen\\nCourt-liousc 19th, moved to Dunkirk; 20th, crossed the Mattapony\\nriver, and that night encamped near the Pamuukey; 21st, crossed the\\nPamunkey near White House 22d, crossed the Chickahominy at Jones\\nBridge, and encamped near the river from this point we moved on the\\nmorning of the 24tli to Charles City Court-house, where we encamped for\\nthe nigiit 25th, moved to a point near the James river 28th of June,\\ncrossecl the James river 29tli, moved to Prince George Court-house 30th,\\nencamped near Reams Station. During these operations this brigade has\\ncaptured 14 commissioned officers, ol8 enlisted men, two pieces of artillery,\\nwith limbers filled with ammunition, and has mortally wounded ]\\\\la)or-\\nGeneral J. E. B. Stuart and Brigadier-General Gordon, of the rebel cav-\\nalry. It would be unjust to the brave officers and men who compose my\\ncommand, did I close this report without uttering one word in recognition\\nof their bravery, daring, and endurance, as exhibited during the late cam-\\npaign. Where so many instances of individual heroism occurred, it is\\niiu])ossible to particularize. The desire to discharge all duties in a faithful\\nand patriotic manner seemed universal throughout the command. I can\\nonly return my thanks to the regimental commanders, and to the officers\\nand men under them, for the promptness and energy with which they cai\\nried out my orders. ^ly thanks are also due to Captain Pennington and\\nLieutenants Woodruff and Egan, for the skillful and dashing manner in\\nwliic h tluir guns were handled. Words cannot express ray gratitude to\\nthe members of my stafl* who, on all occasions, rendered me the most\\nhearty support, and to whose able assistance I was frequently indebted for\\nthe success of our arms. Captain Charles Walker, who served as volunteer\\naid on my stall throughout the entire campaign, participating in every", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "256\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nengagement with great credit and distinction to himself, is deserving of the\\nhighest praise for his courageous and patriotic example. Below I append\\na recapitulation of our losses during the Avhole campaign\\nMy staff officers, 3 wounded and 2 missing.\\nKilled.\\nWounded.\\nMissing.\\nTotal.\\n1st Michigan, officers\\nEnlisted men\\n3\\n37\\n5\\n133\\n8\\n52\\n2\\n58\\n1\\n98\\n1\\n64\\n1\\n135\\n1\\n63\\n1\\n13\\n9\\n934.\\n9\\nEnlisted men\\n12\\n1\\n28\\n1\\n12\\n199\\n6th Michigan, officers\\n4\\n149\\n7th Michigan, officers\\n3\\n123\\nTotal\\n733\\nOn the 31st of July the brigade was ordered to proceed to AVashington,\\nand thence to the Shenandoah Valley, Avhere the regiments engaged the\\nenemy at the following points: Winchester, August 11; Front Royal,\\nAugust 16 Leetown, August 25 Shepherdstown, August 25 Smithfield,\\nAugust 29 Berryville, September 3 Summit, September 4.\\nExtract from the report of Col. R. A. Alger, commanding 5th regiment\\nMoved to Yellow Tavern, on Brook Turnpike, \\\\\\\\^iere we\\nmet Stuart s cavalry in force. May 10th and 11th, 1864. The regiment was\\ndismounted here and ordered to the left of the road, to drive the enemy from a\\npiece of Avoods which they occupied on the opposite side of a large open field.\\nCharging across the field under a heavy fire, the enemy was driven from\\nhis position across a ravine. Reforming the line, an order was received\\nfrom the general commanding to charge the enemy in our front and right,\\nas lie was going to charge a battery on the right of the road. This order\\nexecuted, and arriving at a point commanding a hill in rear of a rebel bat-\\ntery, an officer, accompanied by a large staff and escort and carrying a\\nlarge flag, was seen coming on to the hill from the rear. This officer was\\nshot by Private John A. Huff, company E, 5th Michigan cavalry, formerly\\nof Berdan s sharpshooters. He was immediately carried to the rciir by his\\nstaff. About thirty minutes later the hill was gained, and a woman and\\nnegi o stated that General Stuart had been shot on the hill above-mentioned,\\nand first brought to her house and afterwards carried away in an ambu-\\nlance. Rebel accounts agree with the statement of this woman, also what\\nwas seen by us. In this engagement the brave Capt. Bcnj. F. Axtell was\\nmortally wounded and left at a citizen s house on the battle-field.\\nCapt. Benj. F. Axtell was wounded and taken prisoner at Yellow Tavern\\nMay 11, 1864. Died of his wounds in Libby Prison.\\nExtract from the report of Colonel James H. Kidd, commanding 6th re-\\ngiment\\nMay 12th, 1864, we reached Meadow s Bridge, on the Chickahorainy\\nfound the bridge gone and the crossing disputed by the enemy s dis-\\nmounted men and infantry, with strong breastworks and artillery. From\\nthe swampy nature of the ground it was impossible to bring artillery to\\nbear upon them. The stream must be crossed at all hazards was ordered,\\nand the 5th and 6th Michigan were assigned the duty. Dismounting, the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 257\\ntwo regiments crossed on the ties of a railroad bridge, one man at a time,\\nin the face of a galling fire of musketry and artillery, succeeded in gaining\\na foothold on the opposite bank, and subsequently charging the enemy,\\ndriving him in confusion, killiug and capturing a large number. Tliis is\\none of the most desperate fights in which the regiment was ever engaged,\\nand attended with but few casualties. Lieut. Thojnas A. Eddie, one of our\\nbravest and most efficient officers, was instantly killed by a shot through\\nthe head.\\nExtract from the report of Colonel R. A. Alger, commanding the 5th\\nMichigan\\n-t. u Q^ ^i^g 28th of May, 1864, we were ordered with the brigade\\nto support Gen. Gregg s division, which had already become engaged with\\nthe enemy near Hawes Shop. The brigade dismounted, formed in line, and\\nmoving forward became hotly engaged immediately. The ground over\\nwhich this regiment passed was covered with pine shrubs, affording no shel-\\nter from the fire of the enemy, who was strongly posted in heavy timber, on\\nhigh ground, and behind formidable breastworks of logs. Charging into\\nthe woods, the enemy, after an obstinate resistance, fighting our men hand\\nto hand, was driven with great loss, leaving the ground strewn with his dead\\nand wounded. Of eleven officers and one hundred and forty^en of this\\nregiment engaged, five officers and fifty men were killed or wounded. Capt.\\nDavid Oliphant, a gallant officer, was mortally wounded while cheering on\\nhis men in the thickest of the fight.\\nCaptain Oliphant died of his wounds on June 4th following.\\nOn the Sheridan raid, commencing May 10th, 1864, the battle of\\nHawes Shop was fought on the 28th of the same month. In that severe\\nengagement the INIichigan cavalry brigade took a most prominent part.\\nColonel James H. Kidd, then in command of the 6th INIichigan cavalry, in\\na report says of the part taken by his regiment and the brigade on that\\noccasion\\nOn the 28th May fought the battle of Hawes Shop. Gregg s men\\nwere falling back. Gen. Custer was ordered to support him. The^ brigade\\nwas dismounted. The 6th had the right of the road, its left resting thereon\\nthe enemy was in the woods we formed in the open fields. Gen. Custer\\nordered three cheers and a charge the cheers were given and the order to\\ncharge obeyed. In a minute the fight was hand to hand. The rebels fought\\nwith desperation, but were routed. They left their dead and wounded in our\\nhands and many prisoners. In ten minutes, out of 140 men I had engaged\\n83 were killed or wounded 12 were killed instantly, 4 died before morn-\\ning. The ground where the regiment fought was covered with rebel dead\\nand wounded. The trees were riddled. Infantry officers who saw the fight\\nspoke of it as one of the most desperate they ever witnessed. It is not boast-\\ning to say that the gallantry displayed by the men of the Michigan brigade\\nin this fight was extraordinary, unexampled.\\nGeneral Sheridan, referring to the action at Trevillian Station, June 11th\\nand 12th, 1864, says:\\nThe cavalry engagement of the 12th was by far the most brilliant one\\nof the present campaign. The enemy s loss was very heavy. My loss in\\ncaptured will not exceed 160. They were principally from the 5th ]\\\\Iichi-\\ngan cavalry. This regiment gallantly charged down the Gordonsville road,\\ncapturing 1,500 horses and about 800 men, but Avere finally surrounded and\\nhad to give them up.\\nExtract from a report of Colonel James H. Kidd, 6th Michigan\\nOn the morning of the 11th of August, 1864, we marched at daylight,\\nQ", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "258 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nand took up position beyond /Opequan creek, toward Winchester. A sec-\\ntion of Ransoin s battery was charged upon by th.e enemy. Gapt. IMather,\\nwith a battalion of the 6th Michigan, happening to be at hand, repulsed the\\ncharge and saved the battery, at the sacrifice, however, of his own life. He\\nwas instantly killed while urging his men forward.\\nIn a report of jMajor George (j. Briggs, 7th cavalry, mention is made of\\nthe action at Front Royal, or Crooked Run, August 16th, 1864, as fol-\\nlows\\nOn the 16th August the regiment took an active part in the\\naction at Front Royal, where we charged a whole brigade of rebel cavalry,\\ncompletely routing them, capturing 100 prisoners, a large number of horses\\nand arms. Lieut. Lucius Carver was killed in this charge.\\nExtract from report of Col. R, A. Alger, commanding 5th Michigan\\nEarly in the afternoon of August 16, 1864, the enemy attacked the\\npickets in our front, near Front Royal. The regiment was immediately\\nsaddled and moved out, afterwards dismounted and advanced over the\\nbrow of a hill. Here the enemy was found just forming in line preparatory\\nto a charge. The regiment charged and drove the enemy into the river,\\ncapturing sixty-five prisoners, and killing and wounding a large number.\\nIn this engagement Lieutenant E. G. Granger, who was serving on the staflf\\nof General Custer, was killed.\\nExtract from a report of Colonel Peter Stagg, commanding 1st Michigan,\\ncovering the action at Shepherdstown, Va., August 25, 1864\\nArriving near Kearneysville, August 25, 1864, we came upon\\nthe enemy s cavalry and drove him about a mile. Again moving forward,\\nwe discovered long columns of rebel infantry marching up on our flanks,\\nwhen we were ordered back. At kShepherdstt)\\\\vn we halLed for a short time,\\nand the enemy s cavalry soon appeared in our I ront and fiank. Tliis force\\nwe charged Avith the brigade and drove back to their supports, but in doing\\nso became cut off from our main force and surrounded by rebel infantry.\\nThe brigade, after desperate fightiug, almost hand to hand, succeeded in\\ncrossing the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Md. Captain Fred. A. Buhl was\\nmortally wounded while bi avely doing his duty.\\nCaptain Buhl died of his wounds at Annapolis, ]Md., 15th September fol-\\nlowing.\\nOf the engagement with the enemy near Winchester, on the 19th of\\nSeptember, 1864, General Custer, in his report of 28th of that month, says:\\nI have the honor to submit the fi)llowing report of the part taken by\\nray brigade in the engagement of the 18th instant, near Winchester, Va.\\nIn compliance with instructions from division headquarters, my com-\\nmand was in readiness to move from its encampment near Summit Point\\nat 2 o clock on the morning of the 19th. It being the intention to reach\\nthe Opequan, some five miles distant, before daylight, the march was be-\\ngun soon after 2 A. M., and conducted by the most direct route across the\\ncountry, independent of roads. My brigade moved in advance of the\\ndivision, and reached the vicinity of the Opequan before daylight, and\\nunobserved by the enemy, wliose pickets were posted along the opposite\\nbank. Massing my command in rear of a belt of woods and opposite a\\nford, situated about three miles from the point at which the railroad\\ncrosses the stream, I waited the arrival of the division commander and\\nthe.remainder of the division. At daylight I received orders to move to a\\nford one mile and a half up the stream, and there attempt a crossing. This\\nmovement was also made beyond the view of the enemy, and my command\\nwas massed opposite the point designated, in rear of a range of hills over-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 259\\noking the Opcquan. Owing to a roconnoi. f.sanoo made at this point by\\n(tur forces a few days previous, the enemy were found on the alert, tlicreby\\ndestroying all hopes of securing possession of the ford by a surprise. Two\\nregiments, the 25th New York and 7th IMichigan, both under command of\\nthat i-eliable soldier, Lieutenant-Colonel Brewer, of the 7th IMichigan, were\\nselected to charge the ford and obtain possession of the rifle-pits upon the\\nopposite bank. By request of the senior ofiicer of the 25th New York\\ncavalry, that regiment was placed in advance, and both regiments moved,\\nunder cover of a hill, as near to the ford as possible without being exposed\\nto the fire of the enemy. At the same time,- the Gth Michigan cavalry,\\nCohmel Kidd commanding, advanced, dismounted, to the crest overlooking\\nthe ford, and engaged the enemy on the opposite bank. Everything prom-\\nised success, and the order was given for the column of Colonel Brewer to\\ncharge.\\nAccordingly, both regiments moved rapidly towards the ford. The\\nadvance of the 25th New York reached the water, when the enemy, fi-om a\\nwell-covered rifle-pit opposite the crossing, opened a heavy fire upon our\\nadvance, and succeeded in repulsing the head of the column, whose conduct\\ninduced this entire portion of the command to give way in considerable\\nconfusion. No responsibility for this repulse could be attached to Lieut-\\nenant-Colonel Brewer, who had left nothing undone to insure success.\\nGiving him orders to reform his command under the cover of the ridge of\\nhills bcf)re mentioned, and directing CV)lonel Kidd to engage the attention\\nof the enemy as closely as possilile, while such a disposition of sharp-\\nshooters Avas made as to quiet that portion of the enemy lodged in the rifle-\\npits covering the ford. The 1st Michigan cavalry. Colonel Stagg com-\\nmanding, which had been held in reserve, was ordered to accomplish what\\ntwo regiments had utisuccessfully attempted. No time was lost, but aided\\nby the experience of the command which preceded it, the 1st cavalry se-\\ncured a good position near the ford.\\nColonel Stagg, detaching two squadrons as an advance guard, under\\nLieutenant-Colonel ^Maxwell, one of the most dashing and intre])id ofllcers\\nof the service, ordered the charge, and under cover of the heavy fire poured\\nin by the 6th Michigan, gained a footing upon the opposite bank, capturing\\nthe rifle-pits and a considerable number of prisoners. The enemy retired\\nabout one mile from the ford in the direction of Winchester, and took a\\nposition behind a heavy line of earthworks, protected in addition by a\\nformidable chevaux dcfrise. My entire command was moved to the south\\nbank of the stream, and placed in position along the ridge just vacated by\\nthe enemy. About this time, a battery of horse artillery, under command\\nof Lieutenant Taylor, reported to me, and was immediately ordered into\\nposition within range of the enemy s works. Prisoners captured at the\\nford repi-escnted themselves as belonging to Breckinridge s Corps, and\\nstated that their corps, with Breckinridge in command, was posted behind\\nthe works confronting us. Deeming thi;- information reliable, as the results\\nof the day proved it to be, I contented myself with annoying the enemy\\nwith artillery and skirmishers, until the other brigade of the division,\\nhaving effected a crossing at a ford lower down, established connection\\nwith my left. Acting in conjunction with a portion of Colonel Lowell s\\nbrigade, an advance of the 1st and 7th Michigan and 25th New York was\\nordered to test the numbers and strength of the enemy. This moveinent\\ncalled forth from the enemy a heavy fire from his batteries. It failed,\\nhowever, to inflict serious damage. Lieutenant-Colonel Maxwell, who\\nheaded the charging column, as was his custom, succeeded in piercing the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "260 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nenemy s line of infantry and reaching to within a few feet of their artillery.\\nOverwhelming numbers alone forced him to relinquish the intent of their\\ncapture, and he retired, after inflicting a severe loss upon the enemy. This\\nadvance, while clearly developing the position and strength of the enemy,\\nw:is not without loss on our part.\\nAmong those whose gallantry on this occasion was conspicuous was\\nLi .Hit. Jackson, of the 1st Michigan cavalry, Avho, Avhile among the foremost\\nin the charge, received a wound which carried away his arm and afterwards\\nproved mortal. He was a young officer of great promise, and one whose\\nloss was severely felt. At this time the engagement along the centre and\\nleft of our line was being contested with the utmost energy upon both sides,\\nas could be determined by the heavy firing both of artillery and small arms.\\nWhile it was known to be impossible to carry the position iu my front with\\nthe force at my disposal, it Avas deemed important to detain as large a force\\nof the enemy in our front as possible, and thus prevent reinforcements of\\nother parts of their line. With this object in view, as great a display of our\\nforces was kept up as the circumstances would alloAV. At the same time\\nskirmishing was continued Avith little or no loss to either side. From the\\nconfiguration of the ground the enemy was enabled to move or mass troops\\nin rear of his position unseen by my command. Either divining our inten-\\ntions of delaying him, or receiving orders to this efiect, he abandoned the\\nposition in our front and witlidrcw towards our left. In the absence of in-\\nstructions I ordered a general advance, intending, if not opposed, to move\\nbeyond the enemy s left flank and strike him in reverse. I directed my\\nadvance towards Stevenson s Depot, and met with no enemy until within\\ntwo miles of that point, when I encountered Lomax s division of cavalry,\\nwhich at that time was engaged with Averill s division, advancing on my\\nright on the Martiusburg pike. Our appearance Avas unexpected, and pi-o-\\nduced such confusion upon the part of the enemy that though charged re-\\npeatedly by inferior numbers they at no time waited for us to ai)i)roach\\nwithin pistol range, but broke and fled. Soon after a junction Avas formed\\nAvith General Averill on my right, Avhich, Avith the connection on my left,\\nmade our line unbroken. At this time five brigades of cavalry Averc moving\\non parallel lines. Most, if not all, of the brigades moved by brigade front,\\nregiments being in parallel columns of squadrons. One continuous and\\nheavy line of skirmishers covered the ad\\\\ anee, using only the carbine, Avhile\\ntlie line of brigades, as they advanced across the open country, the bands\\nphaying the national airs, presented, in the sunlight, one moving mass of\\nglistening sabres. This, combined Avith the various and bright-colored ban-\\nners and battle-flags, intermingled here and there Avith the plain blue uni-\\nf)rms of the troops, furnished one of the most inspiring as avcU as imposing\\nscenes of martial grandeur ever Avitucssed upon a battle-field. No encoui\\nagcment Avas required to inspirit either men or horses. On the contrary, it\\nwas necessary to check the ardor of botli until the time for action should\\narrive. The enemy had effected a junction of his entire cavalry force, com-\\nposed of the divisions of Lomax and Fitz Hugh Lee. They wei-e formed\\nacross the Martinsburg and Winchester pike, about three miles fVnm the\\nlatter place. Concealed by an open pine forest, they awaited our approach.\\nNo obstacles to the successful manoeuvering of large bodies of cavahy were\\ncncouutcred. Even the forests were so open as to oifcr little or no iiindrance\\nto a charging column. Upon our left, and in plain view, could be seen the\\nstruggle now raging between the inftmtry lines of each army, Avhile at va-\\nrious points the small columns of light-colored smoke showed that the artil-\\nlery of neither side was idle. At that moment it seemed as if no i)crceptible", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 261\\nadvantage could be claimed by cither, but tlie fortunes of the day might be\\ndecided by one of those incidents or accidents of the battle-field which, though\\ninsignificant in themselves, often go far towards deciding the fate of nations.\\nSuch must have been the impression of the officers and men composing the five\\nbrigades now advancing to the attack. The enemy wisely chose not to re-\\nceive our attack at a halt, but advanced from the woods and charged our\\nline of skirmishers. The cavalry were here so closely connected that a sepa-\\nrate account of the operations of a single brigade or regiment is almost im-\\npossible. Our skirmishers were forced back, and a portion of my brigade\\nwas pushed forward to their support. The enemy relied wholly u])on the\\narbine and pistol my men preferred the sabre. A short but closely con-\\ntested struggle ensued, which resulted in the repulse of the enemy. IMany\\n])risoners were taken and quite a number of both sides left on the field.\\nDriving the enemy through the woods, in his rear the pursuit was taken up\\nwith vigor. The enemy dividing his column, from necessity our forces did\\nlikewise. The division of Gen. Averill moved on the right of the pike, and\\ngave its attention to a small Ibrce of the enemy which was directing its re-\\ntreat towards the commanding heights west of the town.\\nBly command, by agreement with General Averill, took charge of all\\nforces of the enemy on the pike, and those in the immediate vicinity of the\\nground to its left. Other portions of the 1st division made a detour still\\nfarther to my left, so that that which had lately been one unbroken line was\\nnow Ibrmed into several columns of pur,suit, each Avith a special and select\\nobject in view. Within three-fourths of a mile from the point where the\\nenemy had made his last stand, he rallied a portion of his force. His line\\nAvas Ibrmed beyond a small ditch, which he no doubt supposed would break,\\nif not wholly oppose, an attacking column. Under most circumstances such\\nnn ght have been the case, but with men inspired with a foretaste of victory,\\ngreater obstacles must be interposed. Without designating any joarticular\\nregiments, the charge was sounded, and portions of all the regiments com-\\nposing my brigade joiued in the attack. The volleys delivered by the en-\\nemy Averc not enough to cheek the attacking colunni, and again Avas the\\nenemy driven before us,, this time seeking safety in rear of bis line of in-\\nfimtry. Here he reformed for his last attempt to check our advance. The\\nbatteries of the enemy Avere noAv enabled to reach us, an advantage they\\nAverc not slow to improve. At this time a battery of the enemy, Avith appa-\\nrently little support, Avas being AvithdraAvn. My command, oAving to the\\nrepeated charges, had become badly broken, rendering it impossible f u me\\nto avail myself of the services of a single organized regiment. With de-\\ntachments of each regiment, a charge Avas ordered upon the battery, Avhich,\\nbut for the extreme smallnoss of our numbers, Avould have proved success-\\nful. Ijioutenant Louensbery, 5tli ISIichigan cavalry, Avith great daring,\\nadvanced with a handful of men to Avithin a few paces of the battery, and\\nAvas only prevented from capturing it by an infantry support, hitherttj con-\\ncealed, and outnumbering him. Sergeant Barber, 5th jMichigan cavalry,\\nclerk at headquarters, distinguished himself in this charge as my color-\\nbearer. He carried the colors in advance of the charging column, and Avas\\nconspicuous throughout the engagement until severely Avounded in the latter\\npart of the day. It being necessary to reform my regiments before attempt-\\ning a further adA ance, advantage Avas taken of a slight ridge of ground\\nAvithin one thousand yards of the enemy s line of battle. Behind this ridge,\\nand protected from the enemy s fire, I fi)rmed as many of my men as could\\nbe hastily collected. Two guns, Avhich had been annoying us on our right,\\nAvere now charged and taken by the 1st and 5th regular cavalry. This", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "262 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ngave us possession of a portion of the main line of the enemy s fortifications.\\nAt the same time our infantry on the centre and left had, after our successes\\non the right, been enabled to drive the enemy, and were now forcing him\\ntowards the town. Still determined to contest our further advance, the\\nenemy now contracted his lines. This gave me an opportunity to move my\\nbrigade to a small crest, within five hundred yards of the enemy s position.\\nThis movement was entirely unobserved by him, his attention being drawn\\ntowards the heavy lines of our infantry, now advancing in open view far to\\nour left. At this moment I received an order from the division commander\\nto charge the enemy with my entire brigade. Having personally examined\\nthe situation, and knowing that a heavy force of the enemy Avas lying down\\nbehind these works, facts of which I knew the division commander was\\nignorant, I respectfully requested that I might be allowed to select my own\\ntime for making the charge. My reasons for this course were, that I was\\nconvinced the advance of our infantry on the centre and left Avould compel\\nthe force in my front to shift its j^osition to the rear, and the most favorable\\nmoment to strike it would be after this movement had commenced, not while\\nthey were awaiting us in rear of their works. My opinions were verified.\\nWatching the enemy until his force had arisen from behind their works and\\ncommenced their retrograde movement, I gave the command to charge.\\nThe order was obeyed with zeal and alacrity upon the part of all. The 1st,\\n5th, 6th, and 7th Michigan, with a portion of the 25th New York, advanced\\nin one line, most of the command using the sabre alone. Oflicers and men\\nseemed to vie with each other as to who should lead. Among those in ad-\\nvance, my personal attention was attracted to Colonel Stagg, comnumding\\n1st Michigan, Lieutenant-Colonel Brewer, commanding 7th Michigan; also\\nCaptain Warner, of the same regiment to Colonel Kidd, commanding 6th\\nMichigan cavalry, and to Colonel Hastings, commanding 5th Michigan\\ncavalry. Each of these officei s led liis regiment with most commendable\\nvalor. The enemy, upon our approach, turned and delivered a well-directed\\nvolley of nuisketry, but before a second discharge could be given, my com-\\nmand was in their midst, sabering right and left, and ca])turing prisoner\\nmore rapidly than they could be disposed of Further resistance upon the\\npart of those immediately o])posed to us was suspended. A few batteries\\nposted on the heights near the toAvn continued to fire into our midst, fortu-\\nnately, killing more of their own men than of ours. Their fire was silenced,\\nhowever, as we advanced towards them. Nothing more remained but to\\ncollect the prisoners and other trophies of the victory. No further resist-\\nance was offered the charge just made had decided the day, and the entire\\nbody of the enemy, not killed or captured, was in full retreat up the valley.\\nINIany of the prisoners cut ofi by my conuuand fell into the hands of the\\nuifautry, whose advance soon reached the ground. INIy command, how-\\never, which entered the last charge about five hundred strong, including\\nbut thirty-six officers, captured over seven hundred prisoners, including\\nfifty-two officers also seven battle-flags, two caissons, and a large number\\nof small arms. It is confidently believed, that, considering the relative\\nnumbers engaged, and the c(miparative advantiiges held on each side, the\\ncharge just described stands une(iuak d, valued according to its daring and\\nsuccess, in the history of this war. Night put an end to the ])ursuit, and\\nthis brigade bivouacked on the left of the valley pike, three miles from the\\nbattle-field. Our loss was by no means trifling. A numerical list of casu-\\nalties has already been forwarded. Among the gallant dead who i ell on\\nthat day is Captain North, of the 5th Michigan cavalry, whose bravery has\\nrendered him conspicuous on scores of battle-fields. It is with the deepest", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "THE CAVALRY BRIGADE. 263\\nregret that I record the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Brewer, of (he Ttli JMich-\\nigau cavalry, who fell at the moment of victory while leadin hi.s regiment\\nin the final charge. I believe I am correct in stating that he fell farthest\\nin advance of those who on that day surrendered their lives in their coun-\\ntry s cause. Possessed of ability qualifying him for much higher positions\\nthan those he filled, he was invariably selected to command expeditions\\ninvolving danger, and requiring experience, daring, and sagacity, and inva-\\nriably did he perform the duty assigned to him with credit to himself and\\nto the satisfaction of his commanding ofiicers. Known and respected by\\nall his brother officers, his memory will always be cherished by every mem-\\nber of this command and of him all will say he was a soldier sans peur el\\nsans reproche. Instances of personal daring and gallantry during the en-\\ngagement were numerous, and deserving of particular mention, but it is\\nimpracticable to include this list in a report of this character. A few have\\nbeen rc^ferred to, having impressed themselves upon my personal notice at\\nthe time. I will only add in this connection that both ofiicerri and men did\\ntheir duty, and not a single case of misbehavior occurred throughout the\\nentire engagement. The assistance derived from the zealous and persever-\\ning efforts of the members of my staff deserves to be recorded. IMy orders\\nwere transmitted with accuracy and celerity, frequently delivered under a\\nlieavy fire. Of the numerous charges made by my command, there were\\nnone that were not participated in by one or more of my staff. They were\\n])articularly energetic in rallying and reforming regiments broken or re-\\npulsed in the charge.\\nThe following-named staff officers particularly distinguished themselves:\\nIMajor G. A. Drew, 6th IMichigan cavalry, A. I. G. Captain L. H. Barn-\\nhart, 6th Michigan cavalry, A. A. A. G. Lieutenant E. F.. Norvell, 1st\\nMichigan cavalry, A. D. C. Captain E. F. Decker, 1st IMichigan cavalry,\\nA. A. D. C. Lieutenant G. S. White, 5th Michigan cavalry, A. A. D. C.\\nSurgeon Wooster, 1st Michigan cavalry, was extremely attentive to the\\nwants of the wounded, and discharged his duties with marked success.\\nThree of the battle-flags taken in the engagement of September 19th, at\\nOpcquan, near Winchester, were captured by men of the IMichigan regi-\\nments two of them by members of the 5th cavalry, Sergeant Henry M.\\nFox, of company M, (commissioned afterwards as 2d lieutenant,) who en-\\nlisted at Coldwater, August 12, 1862; Corporal Gabriel Cole, of conipany\\nI, who enlisted at Allegan, August 10, 1862; and Sergeant John AVinter,\\ncompany and place of enlistment unknown. One of them was taken by\\nPrivate Ulrick L. Crocker, of company INf, 6th cavalry, who enlisted at Xev-\\ngenes, Kent county, September 29, 1862.\\nThese men are all reported in the Official Army Register of the volunteer\\nforce, as having been awarded medals of honor by the Secretary of War;\\nand it is officially reported that they were given as rewards for acts of\\nbravery in the capture of the flags referred to.\\nLieutenant Albert F. Jackson, 1st cavalry, wounded at Winchester Sep-\\ntember 19, 1864, died of his wounds on November r2th following.\\nAt Winchester the 1st cavalry had seven killed, twenty-five wounded, and\\none missing. The 7th cavalry lost four killed and nineteen woimded.\\nLosses of 5th and 6th not reported, but are supposed to be equally heavy.\\nAfter the important engagement at Winchester the regiments were en-\\ngaged at Luray, September 24th at Port liepulilic, September 26th, 27th,\\nand 28th; at Mount Crawford, October 2d: at Woodstock, October 19th\\nat Cedar Creek, October 19th at Newton, November 12th, and at Madison\\nCourt-house on December 24th.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "264 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nOn the 27th of February, 1865, the brigade formed part of the force\\nwith which General Shcridau made his movement against General Early s\\narmy, and on the rebel communications in the direction of Gordonsville\\nand Richmond, and at that date moved with the cavalry cor2 )s towards\\nStaunton, and on the 8th of INIareh participated in an engagement with a\\npart of the rebel cavalry, under General Rosser, near Louisa Court-liouse,\\nand assisted in routing it and capturing the town, in which a large amount\\nof property was destroyed, including the railroad depot, with rolling stock\\nand telegraph office. It also participated in taking up the track and de-\\nstroying the railroad property on the line of the Lynchburg and Gordons-\\nville railroad, and in the destruction of the locks, aqueducts, and mills on\\nthe line of the James river canal. The command having reached White\\nHouse Landing, March 19th, in time to take part in the final battles of\\nthe Army of the Potomac, soon after, with the cavalry corps, took posi-\\ntion on the left of the line of that army, and on the 30th the regiment became\\nengaged with the rebel cavalry and assisted in driving them within their\\nworks at Five Forks. It was also engaged with the enemy at the same\\npoint on the 31st and on April 1st and on the 2d at the South Side rail-\\nroad and on the 4th at Duck Pond Mills on the 6th at the battle of the\\nRidges, or Sailor s Creek, ai;d on the 8th and 9th at Appomattox Court-\\nhouse.\\nColonel James H. Kidd, 6th Michigan, commanding brigade, in his re-\\nport of the engagement at Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, says\\nThe picket line of the 7th Michigan cavalry having been\\ndriven in early in the morning, the entire brigade moved out to its sujiport.\\nFound the enemy strongly posted, with artillery in position. We were\\nordered back, and took possession on the right, and afterwards on the ex-\\ntreme left of the army, repulsing several charges, and driving the enemy\\nuntil overcome by superior numbers. That the Michigan brigade was\\nengaged the casualties bear witness. One stand of colors and many prison-\\ners were captured. Darkness intervened to prevent perfect success.\\nKershaw s division, which confi onted us, was utterly broken and scattered.\\nxVU the regiments of this brigade deserve special mention. They never be-\\nhaved with more consummate gallantry. I regret to report the loss of\\nCaptain Shier, 1st Michigan cavalry, who was mortally wounded while\\nleading a charge. A gallant officer, a polished scholar, an accomplished\\ngentleman, his loss is keenly felt by all who knew him.\\nCaptain Shier died of his wounds, October 31st following.\\nIn the report of Colonel Stagg, 1st cavalry, commanding brigade, the\\nfollowing reference is made to the battle of Five Forks, April 1, 1865\\nThe next morning we moved forward, passing over the\\nground from which we had been driven the day before. Our brigade\\nbeing in advance, we soon came upon the enemy, strongly posted behind a\\nlarge swamp, through which it was impossible to penetrate. Gloving to\\nthe right, the enemy s cavalry appeared in our front and was driven to his\\nmain line of works, occupied by Kershaw s division. In the afternoon the\\nregiment participated in tlie final charge and capture of these works,\\ntaking many prisoners ami pursuing the fiying enemy until long ai ter dark.\\nIn this engagement Lieutenant Orwin ]M. Bartlett was killed also, Lieu-\\ntenant George C. Whitney.\\nColonel Kidd, 6th INIichigan, says of his regiment, in an engagement near\\nFive Forks: On the 4th of April the regiment charged the enemy s Ihieof\\nbattk near Beaver Mills, Va., losing in the charge Lieut. S. H. Finney, a\\ngallant officer.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND CAVALRY. 265\\nNote. On the morning of the 30th of March, 1865, the Tth regiment of Michigan\\ncaviilry is founil with the gallant Phil. Sheridan on the right flank of the rebel army\\nnear Five Forks, Va. For thirty days previous the regiment had, with the balance of\\nSheridan s cavalry, been constantly on the march, being of the command with which\\nhe moved from the Shenandoah Valley on the 27th of February, and undertook his\\ncelebrated raid to the James river, and which was attended with such important and\\nbrilliant results. Little time had been allowed for recuperating from the cifects attend-\\ning a service so arduous as that through which they had just passed, when, on the\\nmorning of March 30th, the Tth Michigan numbering less than three hundred men, and\\nafter marching all night in rain and over heavy roads. Colonel Geo. G. Origgs, then\\ncommanding the regiment, received orders to move with .promptness to the support of\\nthe 6th Pennsylvania cavalry and the 2d U. S. cavalry regulars, holding a position on\\nthe extreme right of the Union lines, and which was being strongly pressed by a strong\\nforce of the enemy s cavalry. Upon reaching the point and reporting to the oflicer in\\ncommiind, the regiment was immediately placed in position to support a charge which\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was ordered to be made upon the enemy s line by the two regiments named, and which,\\nallhougli made with spirit and in splendid style, was not only met with firmness by the\\nenen y, but they were forced to retire in some confusion. The enemy seeing his advan-\\ntage inimedi:itely charged down upon the retreating force confident of success. The 7th\\nregiment being formed in columns of squadrons, sabres drawn, moved gallantly forward\\nfor a counter charge. The task before it was a difficult one. Steady was the command\\nas they rnpidly passed forward through the lines of retreating men to meet the on-coming\\nand confident foe. A moment, and the charge is sounded, and with shouts of Sheridan\\nand Victory, they dash into the fire of death. Not a man faltered. The veterans of\\nGettysburg, the Wilderness, and Winchester, with the names of fifty battles\\non their banriers, were on their mission, and victory or death must follow. A mo-\\nment, and the shock of contending arms and shouts of contestants filled the air. A\\nmoment, and the rebel line wavered, then broke and fled the field in a confused rout,\\nleaving in the hands of the 7th the commanding officer of their brigade and a large\\nnumber of prisoners the remainder fled for safety behind the fortifications of the\\ninfantry, three miles to the rear, closely followed by the 7th. For the part the regi-\\nment took in this action, it received the compliments of the commanding GeneraL\\nThe Michigan Cavalry Brigade had fought throughout the rebellion and was in at its\\ndeath, being gallantly engaged at Sailor s Creek April 6th, 1865, the last great day s\\nfighting of the war. Mr. Greeley says of that day: Crook now holding Sheridan s\\nleft (facing eastward) advanced to Deatonsville, where Lee s whole army was moving\\nrapidly westward. He immediately charged, as directed by Sheridan well knowing\\nthe inferiority of his force, but determined to detain the enemy, at whatever cost, until\\nsupports on our side could arrive. The result justified the daring. Crook was repulsed\\nbut meantime Custer, with his division of horse, struck again farther on, gaining the\\nroad to Sailor s Creek, a petty tributary of Appomattox, where Crook and Devin, com-\\ning promptly to his support, he pierced the rebel line of march, destroying 400 wagons\\nand taking 16 guns with many prisoners. Ewell s corps following the train, was thus\\ncut off from Lee. Its advance was now gallantly charged by Colonel Stagg s Brigade,\\n(Mich.:) and thus time was gained for the arrival of the leading division of the 6th\\ncorps pursuing the Confederate rear, when Kwell recalled, fighting stoutly till Wharton s\\ndivision also came up, and a part of our infantry advancing, were momentarily repelled\\nby a deadly fire. But the odds were too great. Ewell s veterans, inclosed between our\\ncavalry and the 6th corps, and sternly charged by the latter, without a chance of escape,\\nthrew down their arms and surrendered. Ewell himself and four other Generals were\\namong the prisoners, of whom over 6000 were taken this day.\\nTHE SECOND CAVALRY.\\nOn November 14, 18G1, the 2a cavalry, raised by Col, F. W. Kellogg,\\nntoved iVoiu their rench zvous at Grand Rapids, destined for St. Louis, ^Mo.,\\nand on their arrival there, Captain Gordon Granger, U. S. A., assumed\\ncommand as colonel. The regiment was stationed during the winter at\\nBenton Barracks, near that city. Early in March, 18G2, it left that point\\nto take part with the forces of General Pope in the operations against Island\\nNo. 10, a strongly fortified position near New ^Madrid. The 2d first encoun-\\ntered the enemy near Point Pleasant, ]Mo., March 9th, and was soon after-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "266 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nsvards engaged in the siege of the island, which continued from March 14th\\nuntil April 7th, when it was surrendered. After the reduction of that\\njitronghold, the regiment moved with General Pope s command, and joined\\nthe army under General Halleck in front of Corinth, where it was actively\\nengaged in operating on the flanks of the rebel army, until the evacuation\\nof that place by the rebels.\\nColonel Granger, having been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general,\\nINIarch 26, 1862, Captain P. H. Sheridan, of the regular army, was commis-\\nsioned by Governor Blair as colonel of the regiment on the 25tli of May\\nfollowing.\\nThroughout the long and arduous senaces of this gallant regiment in the\\nfield, which terminated with the rebellion, it was the terror of rebels when-\\never it came in contact with them. Being always superbly armed and\\nequipped, and the men being brave, and all of them most excellent shots,\\nit seldom attacked without defeating and routing them, and never without\\nseverely punishing them, even when compelled to retire before immense\\nodds.\\nPerhaps none of its many engagements will awaken in the minds of the\\nmembers of the regiment more vivid recollections than those of Boonville,\\nJuly 1, 1862, and Daiidridgo, December 24, 1863, where on both occasions\\nit most signally distinguished itself.\\nDuring the last week of June, 1862, Colonel Sheridan, while his regiment\\nwas stationed at Corinth, Avas ordered with his brigade, consisting of the\\n2d Michigan, (his own regiment,) the 2d Iowa cavalry. Colonel Hatch, and\\ntwo pieces of artillery, supported by two companies of infantry, to relieve a\\nbrigade stationed at Boonville, Miss., some twenty miles south of Corinth\\non the Mobile and Ohio railroad, being at that time the extreme outpost of\\nthe army in that direction. The movement was duly accomplislied so far\\nas the cavalry were concerned, but the artillery and its support did not\\narrive at their destination until in the evening of the 1st of July. The\\nrebel General Chalmers, then in that vicinity, gaining information from\\ncitizens regarding the strength of the command at Boonville, and expecting\\nto make an easy conquest, attacked Sheridan s pickets at 8 A. M., on July\\n1st, with (as was afterwards ascertained) 7,000 mounted men. At that\\nhour there was but one company on picket, company K, 2d Michigan cav-\\nalry, commanded by Captain A. P. Campbell. Taking advantage of the\\ncover of the w oods, he checked the enemy long enough to receive a rein-\\nforcement of three companies, numbering only from thirty to fifty men each.\\nThe ground, although presenting advantages for defence in woods and small\\nhills, yet had one disadvantage, in having numerous roads centering on\\nBoonville, by which the enemy could a])proach in almost any direction.\\nThe 2d INIichigan cavalry was armed at that time with Colt s revolving rifle\\nand pistol, making twelve shots to a man, either of them very destructive\\nat from twenty-five to eighty rods. The men of the regiment had been\\ndrilled by Colonels Granger and Sheridan to fight mounted and dismounted,\\neither as cavalry or sharp-shooters, as the nature of the engagement might\\ndemand. When, therefore, they were attacked by Chalmers, and his fire\\nreturned with so much power and effect from troops on foot, lie thought he\\nhad been misinformed as to the strength of the force at Boonville. He ad^\\nvanced Avith double lines dismounted, and double columns on either flank,\\nmounted, with lines extended far enough to swing round on either flank,\\nrendering the position of Captain C^un])bell in gri at danger of being sur-\\nrounded and Ills force captured, while a soliil column charged in the centre\\non the road. Their charge was met gallantly, by comparatively a mere", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND CAVALRY. 267\\nhandful of men, with such effect that thoy staggered back, and many fell\\nalmost at the muzzle of the rifles. Taking advantage of their momentary\\nwavering, a new position was chosen a few rods to the rear, and C ampbell\\nwas again in readiness to meet them. Inch by inch the ground was con-\\ntested by the desperate fighting of the 2d Michigan, nobly i)rotected on the\\nflank by the 2d Iowa. Every man seemed to know his strength, and to\\ntake pride in using it to the fullest extent. When a charge was made by\\nthe enemy, instead of taking to their horses, which were kept under cover a\\nfew i-ods in the rear, they emptied their rifles of six shots at long range, then\\ndrew their revolvers, and before they had given them six more, the enemy\\nnever failed to turn to the rear in confusion.\\nThis continued until about 2 P. M., the command having fallen back\\nabout a mile and a half, and to within half a mile of the camp, when Col.\\nSheridan, finding the enemy most determined, and afl airs becoming critical,\\nviewing at a glance the situation, ordered one battalion by a circuitous\\nroute to charge the enemy in the rear 200 men to charge 7,000 yet they\\ndid it gallantly. At the same time, a supply train arriving from Corinth,\\nSheridan ordered the engineer to give a lively and cheering blast with his\\nwliistlo, and the reserve to yell with a will, thus leading the enemy to be-\\nlieve that reinforcements were arriving, he withdrew his force to Tupelo,\\nand left Sheridan and his handful of brave men masters of the field.\\nNext day 125 of the enemy s killed were buried, and numbers of his\\nwounded were left at houses in the neighborhood, and he carried oft full\\nloads of wounded in his aml)ulances. llie 2d Michigan lost forty-one in\\nkilled and Avounded.\\nAfter the afiliir at Boonville the regiment was engaged in skirmishes with\\nthe enemy at various points in Mississippi, Kentucky, and Tennessee in 1862.\\nColonel Sheridan having been commissioned as brigadier-general of vol-\\nunteers July 1st, he was succeeded in command of the regiment by Lieut.\\nColonel Archibald Campbell, who was promoted to the colonelcy. During\\nFebruai-y and March, 1803, it was stationed at Murfreesboro and Frank-\\nlin. It made many important reconnoissances on the roads leading out of\\nthese places, and had numerous skirmishes with the rebels. In February it\\nwas engaged on the 18th near Milton, on the 19th at Cainsville, and on the\\n27th near Spring Hill. On the 4th and 5th of March it had a severe skir-\\nmish with the enemy under Generals Van Dorn and Forrest on the Colum-\\nl)ia Pike, the regiment losing one killed, four wounded, and one captured.\\nFrom the 8th to the 12th it participated in an important reconnoissance,\\nduring which the enemy were driven across Duck river. March 25th it had\\na shar]) encounter with a large fi)rce of rebels under Stearns and Forrest,\\nkilling and wounding a large number of the enemy, and capturing fii ty-two\\nprisoners and a number of wagons loaded with arms, ammunition, and\\nbaggage, with a loss to the regiment of one died of wounds, six wounded,\\nand two missing. On the 4th of June, while returning to Franklin Irom\\nTriune, it had a brisk skirmish, with a loss of two killed and three wounded.\\njMarching to Triune on the 6th, it remained at that point until tlie advance\\nof the army from Murfreesboro when it moved forward with the cavalry\\ndivision to which it was attached. On the 23d it Avas engaged at Hover.\\nOn the 24th it drove the enemy through Middletown, and on the 27th\\ncharged the rebels into Shelbyville. On the 2d of July it aided in driving\\nthe enemy from Elk Kiver Ford, and on the 3d from Cowan. In tlie early\\n])art of September the regiment was actively engaged in scouting among the\\nmountains near Chattanooga and in northern Georgia. On the 18th, 19th,\\nand 20th it was in the great battle of Chicamauga. Leaving Kankiu s", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "268 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nFerry, on the Tennessee, October 3d, the regiment participated in the chase\\nafter the rebel cavalry under General AVheeler, who were then engaged in\\nmaking a raid on the communications of the army. During the pursuit of\\nWheeler the regiment crossed the Cumberland Mountains, marching on the\\n3d, 4th, and 5tla of October one hundred and three miles, and on the Gth,\\n7th, and 8th eighty-two miles, the greater portion of the distance over rough\\nand mountainous roads. October 31st the regiment was encamped at Win-\\nchester, East Tennessee.\\nCapt. James Hawley, of this regiment, was killed inaction at Chicamauga\\nSeptember 20th, while serving on Gen. Stanley s staff.\\nNear Dandridge, East Tennessee, December 24, 1863, Col. A. B. Camp-\\nbell, in command of a brigade of cavalry, composed of the 2d Michigan,\\n9th Pennsylvania, and 1st Tennessee, attacked and drove a portion of the\\nenemy s cavalry through that place, and then halted north of the town\\nwith no enemy in sight. At 2 P. M., same day, the rebels, under cover of\\nthe hills and by a curve in the road, rapidly pushed in, in rear of the com-\\nmand with tAvo brigades of cavalry, cutting Colonel Campbell off from his\\nonly source of retreat. The enemy, at the first dash, captured two pieces\\nof artillery, but they were immediately recaptured and pushed to the rear.\\nColonel Campbell at once determined to cut his way out by the left flank,\\nwhich, by a bold and gallant dash, was accomplished. The command then\\nfell steadily back before this superior force, fighting desperately on foot, and\\nso closely followed by the enemy that for four hours it was found impossible\\nto bring the artillery into position. Just at dark the guns were brought to\\nbear and opened with much vigor, checking the enemy, thereby giving the\\nbrigade an opportunity to form in good shape, when it mounted and unpur-\\n6ued thereafter by the enemy reached its camp at New Market, with a loss\\nof twenty in killed, wounded, and missing.\\nThis stubborn and close fighting exhibits the strength of men when drilled\\nto rely upon themselves and their sujierior arms instead of being entirely\\ndependent upon officers, who may not always be able to communicate orders\\nto every part of the field in a running fight. In this affair all knew the\\ndangers incidental to a retreat before a superior force, and fought steadily\\nand with true courage. JNIounted men with sabres could do nothing dis-\\nmounted at such a time, and of course were compelled to keep out of the\\nway; so that during the hottest of the fight only a portion of the 2d Michi-\\ngan cavalry were engaged out of the whole brigade, and not to exceed four\\nhundred men. The engagement will be recognized by all who were in the\\nregiment at that time as one of the hardest fights in which it had partici-\\npated and one calculated to excite panic and disaster.\\nPressed strongly by an overwhelming f )rce through broken woods in a\\nBtrange country, hardly knowing which direction to take, many of the offi-\\ncers and men not having received a command from headquarters during the\\nentire fight, yet preserving almost a perfect line, together with the jjcrsistent\\nfighting throughout the affair, reflects credit upon every man engaged.\\nOn the 2r)tli the regiment encamped at ]\\\\Iossy Creek. It remained at\\nand near this ])lace until the 14th of January, 1864, having on the 29th\\nof December a skirmish with the rebels, in which its casualties were 1\\nkilled, 1 wounded, and 2 taken prisoners. On the 14th of January the\\nregiment marched to Dandridge, and on the 17th skirmished with the\\nenemy, who were advancing on Knoxvillc, under General Longstreet. On\\nthe 19th the regiment fell back to Knoxvillc, and again crossing the TIol-\\nston river, it bivouacked on the 23d on Flat creek, and on the 2Gth dU\\nPigeon river. Marching at midnight on the 26th, it participated in an", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND CAVALRY. 269\\nattack the next day on a brigade of rebel cavalry, from whom it captured\\n3 pieces of artillery and 75 prisoners, the loss of the regiment being 11\\nwounded and 2 missing.\\nFollowing the 2d through its services that followed, it is found engaging\\nthe enemy at numerous points in 1864. At Dug Gap, Ga., May loth and\\n14th at Ettoway river on the 2()th, 27th, and 28th, losing at these points\\n16 in killed and wounded. On the 7th of October following, the regiment,\\nin command of Colonel Thomas Johnson, engaged the enemy on Cypress\\nriver, with a loss of 6 in killed and wounded. Among the killed was\\nLieutenant Eussell T. Darrow. November 1st it marched from Blue\\nWaters towards Shoal creek, Alabama, and was attacked by the enemy at\\nthat point on the 5th, and, after a gallant defence, was forced back to Four\\nMile creek, sustaining a heavy loss. From the 9th to the 14th it was in\\ncamp, doing ordinary scouting and j)icket duty. On the 15th it broke\\ncamp and made a rcconnoissance to the right of its position, and encamped\\nat Taylor s Springs, and remained there until the 20th, when it marcljed to\\nLexington, Tenn., and on the 21st to Lawrenceburg, where it was attacked\\nby the enemy on the afternoon of that day, and fell back towards Camp-\\nbellsville and near Columbia, skirmishing at both these points. The 25th\\nit crossed Duck river, and the 28th was in line of battle near the Lewis-\\nburg pike. On the 29th it retired to Spring Hill, and was engaged in\\nskirmishing during the day at that place and atBethesda Church. On the\\n30th it was engaged at Franklin, fighting all day, sustaining a loss of 1\\nkilled, 17 wounded, and 3 missing. The regiment marched from near\\nFranklin, December 1st, to within a few miles of Nashville, and was in\\nline of battle during the night. On the 2d passed through that city,\\ncrossing the Cumberland river, went into camp at Edgefield, and remained\\nthere until the 12th, when it rccrossed the Cumberland, passing through\\nNashville, and encamped on the Charlotte pike. On the 15th it advanced\\nabout two miles, dismounted and skirmished during that day and next at\\nsunset mounted and proceeded in the direction of the Ilarpeth river,\\nswimming that stream, and thence marching to Spring Hill. Crossing\\nDuck river on the 23d, and passing through Columbia on the 24th, it met\\nthe enemy at Richland creek, and fought him all day, charging and\\ndriving him sixteen miles, losing 1 killed and 6 wounded; skirmishing at\\nPulaski on the 25th, and at Sugar creek on the 26th, passing Taylor s\\nSprings on the 28th, reaching Waterloo on the 31st.\\nOn the 17th of January, 1805, it broke camp, crossing the Tennesse\u00c2\u00ab\\nriver, and passing through Eastport, luka, and Burnsville, ]\\\\Iiss., taking\\nsix prisoners thence proceeded to Corinth and Farmington on the 19th,\\nand returning via luka, taking five prisoners, and thence, via East])ort,\\ncrossing the Tennessee river, reached Waterloo on 21st, and remained there\\nuntil March the 11th, when, breaking camp, it recrossed the Tennessee\\nriver, marched to Chickasaw, Ala., and was thei-e in camp until the 22d,\\nwhen it again broke camp, passing through Frankfort and Russellville on\\nthe 24th, crossed Big Ford creek on the 25th, reaching Eldridge on the\\n26th, passed Jasper and crossed the INIulberry river on the 28th, and Black\\nWarrior river on the 29th, and the 30th reached Elytown. Crossed Black\\nWarrior again on April 1st, at Johnston s Ferry, swimming the horses.\\nSkirmished with tlie enemy on the 2d at Trion, and on the 3d arrived at\\nTuscaloosa, surprising and taking prisoners the pickets, capturing the city,\\nthree cannon, and taking a large number of prisoners. After destroying a\\nlarge number of buildings containing rebel stores, and burning the l)ridge,\\nthe regiment marched to Bridgeville, where it was attacked on the Gth,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "270 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nand, after a brisk engagement, with a loss of three wounded, repulsed the\\nenemy. Continuing the march towards Northport, passed it and Wind-\\nham s Springs. On the 13th crossed Wolf creek on the 14th, Lost creek\\nand Black Water on the 19th, Black Warrior and the Coosa, at Luff s\\nFerry; on the 22d, reaching Talladaga. Skirmished with General Hill s\\nbrigade on the 23d, losing two killed and taking one piece of artillery.\\nTHE THIRD CAVALRY.\\nThe 3d cavalry, also raised under the direction of Col. Kellogg, soon fol-\\nlowed to the field the 2d cavalry. Moving from Grand Rapids in command\\nof Lieut. Col. R. H. G. Minty November 28, 18G1, for Benton Barracks,\\nMissouri, where Col. J. K. Mizner assumed command of the regiment. Its\\nfirst engagement with the rebels was at New Madrid, Missouri, Marcli 13th,\\n1862, where it commenced a most creditable career, giving traitors a lively\\nidea what Michigan caValry were and what they might expect in the future,\\nand this the regiment made them understand and I calize to the fullest ex-\\ntent during the entire war. The 3d, after the surrender of Island No. 10\\nto the Union forces under General Pope, joined the army in front of Corinth,\\nand served there until its evacuation by the rebels. The regiment then en-\\ntered on the campaign of General Grant in INIississippi and served under\\n(general Rosecrans, encountering the enemy with much success in numerous\\nengagements and skirmishes. At luka on September 19th, 1862, Avhile in\\ncommand of Captain L. G. Wilcox, Col. Mizner, being chief of cavalry, it\\nbecame conspicuously distinguished having the advance of the forces un-\\nder General Hamilton, moving eastward on theTuscumbia road, it engaged\\nthe enemy in a most vigorous and dashing manner. Capt. Wilcox, in his\\nreport of the affair, says\\nAt a late hour on the 18th instant, while encamped at Da-\\nvenport s Mills, near Jacinto, I directed company A, Captain Dyckman, to\\nexamine the luka road, running northeast from the JMills and midway be-\\ntween the Tuscumbia and Burnsville roads, in order to determine the prac-\\nticability of moving wagon or artillery trains on the road, and whether any\\nportion of the road was occupied by the enemy.\\nThe reconnoissance was properly and promptly made, and the road found\\nto be impracticable for moving trains, but passable for infantry and cavalry.\\nThe road was occupied by pickets, who fired upon the reconnoitering party.\\nAt 4 o clock on the following morning, pursuant to instructions from\\nCol. Mizner, I took eight companies of my command, leaving four in camp,\\nand proceeded in light marching order along the Tuscumbia road oast to\\nits intersection with the Russellville road, about six miles east of Jacinto,\\nwhere my command took the advance of General Hamilton s division and\\nmoved in the direction of Barnett s Corners. I had moved about two miles\\nfurther when I found indications of the presence of rebel cavalry; the indi-\\ncations were more marked as we proceeded, and as we arrived at the brow\\nof the hill, about one half mile west of Barnett s, a volley was fired into the\\nhead of (lie column. The rebel force seemed well supported, and I inmie-\\ndiately dismounted twenty men and sent them, in command of Capt. Lati-\\nmer, into the woods to the right. Twenty more were sent into a corn-field\\nto the left in command of Lieut. Mix, and companies A and F, under Capt.\\nDyckman, were sent forward on the road. After a sharp skirmish of about\\nfifteen minutes the rebels were driven from the woods, leaving one man\\nkilled and one horse also, one man, horse, and equipments were taken by\\nCapt. Latimer. From this point (Barnett s) a running fight was kept up.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "THE THIRD CAVALRY. 271\\nthe rebels falling back to a branch of the Cripple Deer creek, distant about\\nfour miles. On arriving at tlic branch we found that tlie rebel cavalry had\\nrallied at a house situated on an elevation four hundred yards distant and\\ncommanding the road. The advance, under Sergeant H. D. Cutting, com-\\npany K, charged up the road at full gallop and drove them from their po-\\nsition into the woods but the enemy rallied, two squadrons strong, and\\nforced the advance to retire. Sergeant Cutting s horse was shot, which was\\nthe only casualty occurring to my command in this instance. A number\\nof shots were fired into the head of the column, killing a lieutenant on Gen.\\nHamilton s staff. I at once wheeled the cavalry into line ou the road side\\nand uncovered a column of infantry, which moved to the front and deployed\\non cither side of the road, and drove the enemy from the cover of some\\nbuildings behind wliich they were sheltered.\\nA column of infantry then moved in advance, and position having been\\ntaken at a point about one and a half mile from luka, pursuant to orders\\nreceived from Col. IMizner, I immediately moved with four companies, viz\\nCompany K, Capt. Newell com])any E, Capt. Latimer company F, Capt.\\nKiese and company A, Capt. Dyckman, to the front, and moved out to\\nthe right of Constable s Ohio battery Lieut. Adams commanding the ad-\\nvance guard.\\nAfter proceeding about one half mile, Lieut. Adams, perceiving a body\\nof cavalry on a hill directly east of the battle-field, attacked and drove them\\naway with considerable loss. I then formed my men behind the brow of\\ntlu! hill, dismounted a portion, and poui ed an irregular fire into the enemy s\\nleft flank and upon those who showed themselves in our front with consider-\\nable cll ect, twenty-two dead having been afterwards found, who must have\\nfallen by our hands. During the time that we Avere in this position the en-\\nemy occasionally gave us a heavy volume, but the nature of the ground was\\nsuch that no casualties had occurred until near sundown, when the enemy\\nseemed to manifest a disposition to gain our position. I immediately dis-\\nmounted all the men that could be spared, sending the horses into the woods\\nin our rear, and opened a destructive fire upon them. They immediately\\nfell back, and made no further attempt to advance upon us. We took a\\nfirst lieutenant, bearing the stand of colors belonging to the od Louisiana\\ninfantry. Capt. Latimer was wounded in the shoulder, also two privates\\nslightly. Six horses were lost. After dark I moved my command to the\\nleft of the road, in rear of the infantry, Avhere I was joined by the other\\nfour companies of my command, which had been employed in reconnoiter-\\ning on either flank during the afternoon.\\nGeneral Rosecrans, ever ready to acknowledge the merits of the soldier\\nas well as the officer, says in his report of this important battle:\\nDuring the action, five privates of the 3d Michigan cavalry, beyond our\\nextreme right, opened fire, captured a rebel stand of colors, a captain and\\nlieutenant, sent in the colors that night, alone held their prisoners during\\nthe night, and brought them in next morning.\\nThe battle of luka was sanguine, the firing heavy and rapid, and the\\nground was being hotly contested, when, night coming on, became masters\\nof the lield, and closed the scene of carnage. IMorning revealed the fact\\nthat during the darkness of the night the enemy had left the field and was\\nrapidly moving southward, while the Union troops made a vigorous pursuit\\nfor many miles, becoming several times hotly engaged, and causing him re-\\npeatedly to form line of battle to check the Union advance.\\nThe 3d was actively occupied with the enemy after the affair of luka.\\nBeinji; in eiiiracements at Corinth October 3d and 4th at Hatchie October", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "272 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\n6th; Huclsonville November 14th; Holly Springs November 19th Liim-\\nkiu s Mills November 30th Oxford December 2d CofFeeville December\\n6th Brownsville January 14t]i, 18Go Clifton February 20th Panola July\\n20th; Grenada August 14th; Byhalia October 12th; and Wyatt s Ford,\\nTallahatchie river, October 13th. In addition to these principal engage-\\nments, the regiment has participated in a large number of skirmislies of\\nminor importance. In the affair at Grenada the 3d was in the advance.\\nIt gained ])ossession of the town after a sharp engagement, and immediately\\ncommenced the destruction of the enemy s machinery and rolling stock ac-\\ncumulated at this point. Over sixty locomotives and more than four hun-\\ndred cars were destroyed. At Byhalia and Wyatt s Ford the regiment was\\nwarmly engaged. In these actions the enemy were completely routed with\\nlarge loss. The 3d cavalry aided largely in driving the notorious rebels,\\nRichardson, Dawson, and Cushman, from West Tennessee, together Avith\\nnumerous bands of guerrillas that infested that section, and who were de-\\nstroyed or dispersed by it.\\nDuring November and Decembei*, 1863, this regiment Avas almost con-\\nstantly engaged in scouting and in various expeditions through Northern\\nMississippi and Western Tennessee, visiting most of the important places in\\nthat section. It had frequent encounters with the enemy s forces under\\nGenerals Forrest and Chalmers. Engagements and skirmishes in which the\\nregiment participated occurred at Ripley, Mississippi, November 29th Ori-\\nzaba, Mississippi, November 30th Ellistown, INIississippi, December 3d\\nPurdy, Tennessee, December 22d and Jack s Creek, Tennessee, December\\n24th.\\nDuring the months of November, 1864, and February, 1865, this regi-\\nment constituted the garrison of the post at Brownsville Station, on the\\nMemphis and Little Rock railroad, and Avas also occupied in scouting\\nalong the line of that road, making several expeditions as far south as\\nArkansas Post, on the Arkansas river, collecting large droA ^es of cattle,\\nand thereby furnishing nearly all the beef required for the supply of the\\nentire army then serving in the Department of Arkansas. At Brownsville\\nStation the regiment erected a complete set of Avinter quarters and stables,\\nso neatly and tastefully arranged as to present the appearance of an im-\\nportant toAvn, Avhich attracted so much attention as to result in a change of\\nits name from BroAvnsville Station to Michigan City. The very\\nactive duty of the regiment at that time Avas so conducive to the health of\\nthe men that 1,008 Avere daily reported present for duty, and less than\\nthree per cent, were on the sick list. Early in February the regiment Avas\\nselected to constitute part of a division then being organized for active and\\nimportant service in early spring, and Avas assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st\\ndivision, 7th army corps, and moved to BroAvnsville. On the 14th of\\n]\\\\Iarch the brigade Avas transferred from the Department of Arkansas to\\nthe Military Division of AVest Mississippi, to join the troops under Major-\\nGeneral Canby, designed to operate against Mobile, and the regiment pro-\\nceeded by steamer to New Orleans, arriving at Carrolton, La., INIarch 23d,\\nand embarked for Mobile early in April. After the fall of ]\\\\Iobile, it Avas\\nemployed on outpost duty until the surrender of the Confederate forces\\neast of the Mississippi river, Avhen the regiment Avas selected as the escort\\nof Major-General C anby on the occasion of his receiving the formal sur-\\nrender of the rebel General Taylor and his army. It left jMobile oNIay 8,\\nand marched across the country to Baton Rouge, La., reaching there on\\nthe 22d. When Major-General Sheridan assumed the command of the\\nMilitary Division of the Southwest, the regiment Avas selected and ordered", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 273\\nto report to him for duty, and was immediately prepared to join the expe-\\ndition to Texas, and left Baton Rouge for Slireeveport, June 10th, and\\ncommenced its march into Texas from the latter place July 10th, travers-\\ning two-thirds the breadth of that State, arriving on the 2d of August at\\nSan Antonio. At that point the regiment was stationed, performing garri-\\nson duty and employed in the necessary scouting for the protection of the\\nfrontier as far as the Rio Grande, on the Mexican border, and in furnishing\\nescorts f )r supply trains. The regiment comprised a part of the 1st bri-\\ngade, 1st cavalry division, Military Division of the Gulf, and had its head-\\nquarters at San Antonio until February 15, 1866, when it was dismounted\\nand mustered out of service.\\nTHE FOURTH CAVALRY.\\nThe Western rebel troops in the war were made to know the 4th Michi-\\ngan cavalry, and undoubtedly most of them that are alive now have not\\nforgotten them. The regiment was raised and organized by Col. R. II. G.\\nMiuty, previously Lieutenant-Colonel 3d Michigan cavalry. Under his\\ncommand it left the State for the field in Kentucky, September 26, 1862.\\nIt fought its first battle at Stanford, in that State, on the 14th of October\\nfollowing, and was thus early initiated into the realities of the great re-\\nbellion.\\nThe 4th was in the advance in the att^ack on Morgan and his guerillas at\\nStanford, and joined in pursuit as far as Crab Orchard. It also led the\\nattack on Lebanon, Ky., November 9, driving in Morgan s pickets at a\\ngallop, and entered the town, 543 strong, two miles in advance of the in-\\nfantry, driving out Morgan with 759 men and two pieces of artillery, and\\ncapturing a large amount of commissary stores and clothing.\\nIt was engaged at Rural Hill on the 15th, Baird s Mills on the 30th,\\nHollow Gap, December 4th, and at Wilson s Creek on the 11th.\\nOn the 13th of December the 4th marched from Nashville, where it had\\nbeen stationed since the 28th of November, 1862, to Franklin, captured\\nthe rebel pickets, drove out the enemy, 1,300 strong, killed, wounded, and\\ncaptured a number of them, with their colors, and destroyed an immense\\nquantity of stores. On the 15th a detail of 40 men belonging to the regi-\\nment were captured on the jNIurfreesboro pike while, it was claimed, they\\nwere under the protection of a flag of truce. Breaking camp-on the 26th,\\nthe regiment moved in the extreme advance of the army from Nashville,\\nand commenced the fighting at Lavergne. December 31st it had a sharp\\nskirmish with a large force of the enemy s cavalry, which it repulsed and\\ndrove back, the 4th losing 3 killed and 7 wounded. The 4th was the first\\nregiment to enter Murfreesboro, January 5, 1863. May 22d following, the\\nregiment, with detachments of the 1st and 2d brigades (the 4th and two\\ncompanies of U. vS. cavalry being in the advance,) charged into the camp\\nof the 1st Alabama, 8th Confederate, and 2d Georgia cavalry, and, after\\na severe engagement, routed them, taking 55 jjrisouers, and destroying\\ntheir camp equipage, stores, etc. The colors of the 1st Alabama (since\\npresented to the State of jMichigan) were captured by Sergeant-Major\\nClark and Privates Wilcox and Parker, of the 4th Michigan.\\nDuring its whole term of service it proved a most reliable and gallant\\nregiment, deservedly proud of its fighting reputation, accomplishing an un-\\ncommon amount of duty. The fighting of this regiment seems to have been\\nso uniformly brave and effective that the colonel has found some diflftculty\\nin selecting the engagements in which he considers it was most distinguished,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "274 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nas will appear from a special report to the Adjutant-General of the State,\\ndated January 4, 1867, in which he states:\\nI find it rather a difficult matter to satisfactorily give you the informa-\\ntion called for in your letter of the 20th ultimo.\\nThe 4th Michigan cavalry has so often distinguished itself, both by the\\nbrilliancy of its charges and the stubbornness bf its fighting, that I doubt\\nif you will find two men agree on the two engagements in which it was most\\ndistinguished.\\nSome would claim Stone River where it charged three times, each time\\ndriving a brigade of rebel cavalry from the field others, some of the many\\nraids around Murfreesboro where the sabre charges of the 4th Michi-\\ngan and 7th Pennsylvania were the admiration of the entire Army of the\\nCumberland others, the fight with Dibrell s brigade at Sparta and Sper-\\nry s IMill, on the 9th aud 17th of August, 1863, or the hard day s fighting\\nat Reed s Bridge, near Chicamauga, on the 18th of September, where the\\n4th ]\\\\Iichigan, 7th Pennsylvania, and 4th regular cavalry (973 of all ranks)\\nfought the entire of Hood s corps from 7 o clock in the morning until 5\\no clock in the evening, leaving 102 rebel dead within one hundred yards\\nof the eastern end of the bridge, and preventing the carrying out of Bragg s\\norder of battle of that date, the first part of which reads 1. Johnson s\\ncolumn (Hood s) on crossing at or near Reed s Bridge will turn to the left\\nby the most pi-acticable route, and sweep up the Chicamauga towards Lee\\nGordon s mills.\\nSome agaip would claim Lovejoy s Station, Ga., on the 20th of August,\\n1864, where the same little brigade, then numbering under 800 men, scat-\\ntered Ross s Texan brigade, sabering over 500 of them.\\nAfter considering the subject fully, I selected Shelbyville, Tenn., on the\\n27th of June, 1863, and Latimer s Mill, Ga., on June 20, 1864. At both\\nthese places the success of my brigade was mainly attributable to the bril-\\nliancy and tenacity of the fighting of the 4th JNIichigan cavalry, then under\\ncommand of Major F. W. Mix.\\nAt Shelbyville I found myself with a force of 1500 men in front of for-\\nmidable breastworks, with an abatis of over one-fourth of a mile in width\\nin front of them, behind which Generals Wheeler and JNIartin had an op-\\nposing force of 4,000 men, and three pieces of artillery. I detached the\\n4th Michigan, in command of Major ^lix, well to the right, with orders to\\nforce their way through the abatis, and assault the works, and if successful\\nto turn to thS right and sweep up the entrenchments, promising that so soon\\nas I heard their rifles speaking, I would make the direct assault on the\\nMurfreesboro and Shelbyville pike. They did their work so well that as I\\nentered the works on the main road they joined me from the right, having\\ncarried the works and taken prisoners from six different regiments. The\\nfruits of that day s work were the whole of the enemy s artillery and 599\\nprisoners, while over 200 dead bodies were afterwards taken out of Duck\\ncreek, into which I had driven Wheeler and his entire command.\\nThe loss of the regiment was only seven wounded and nine prisoners.\\nThe important part taken by the 4th cavalry in the great battle of Chica-\\nmauga, while in command of Major Mix, warrants it in being placed among\\nthe many engagements in which that regiment distinguished itself\\nIn Col. Minty s report of the part taken by his command from the 13th\\nto the 24th September, 1863, including the battle of Chicamauga, he\\nsays\\nSeptember 13th. With the 4th U. S. cavalry, 4th Michigan cavalry,\\n7th Pennsylvania cavalry, and one section of the Chicago Board of Trade", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 275\\nbattery, I marched from Chattanooga, and reported to Major-Gen. Critten-\\nden, commanding 21st army corps, at Gordon s Mill.\\nSeptember 14th. Under orders from Major-Gen. Crittenden, I crossed\\nMissionary Ridge into Lookout Valley.\\nSeptember 15th. j\\\\Iarched back to Gordon s IMill, where Gen. Critten-\\nden ordered me to proceed to Pea Vine Valley, and encamped near Leet s\\nCross-roads. I crossed the Chicamauga at Reed s Bridge, and shortly be-\\nfore dark encamped on Pea Vine creek, near Peeler s Mill, and sent out\\nscouts towards Grayvillc, Ringold, Leet s, and Rock Springs. Same night\\nI reported to ]\\\\Iajor-General Crittenden the information brought by these\\nparties, and in answer received a letter from Capt. Oldershaw, A. A. G.,\\n21st army corps, of Avhich the following is an extract The major-general\\ncommanding directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this\\ndate, informing him that Forrest is at Ringold, Longstreet at Dalton, Pe-\\ngram at Leet s, and Buckner at Rock Springs all this would indicate in-\\nfantry, which the major-general cannot believe.\\nSeptember 1 6th. Strong scouting parties advanced towards me from Ring-\\nold and Leet s they were promptly met, driven, and followed. At the same\\ntime my pickets on the Lafayette and Harrison road, which lies between Pea\\nVine Ridge and the Chicamauga, were attacked from towards Lafiiyette,\\nthus threatening my communications via Reed s Bridge. I immediately\\nfell back to that road, thus securing the bridge, but at the same time I kept\\n])ossession of the roads in Pea Vine Valley by picketing strongly. I\\\\[y\\nscouts towards Leet s ran into the rebel infantry and lost one man shot\\nthrough the head. This was promptly reported to Major-General Critten-\\nden, whose answer was the same as yesterday, viz Nothing but dismounted\\ncavalry.\\nSeptember 17th. Slight skirmishing between my scouts and those of\\nthe enemy. The scout from Grayville reported that General Steadman s\\nbrigade of the reserve corps had passed through that place on a reconnois-\\nsance towards Ringold. On the return of my courier from Gordon s ^lill\\nhe reported Col. Wilder s brigade of mounted infantry was encamped on\\nthe west side of the Chicamauga creek, at Alexander s Bridge, about two\\nmiles above me.\\nSeptember 18th.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 At G A. M. I sent one hundred of the 4th U. S. cav-\\nalry towards Leet s, and one hundred fron\\\\ the 4th Michigan and 7th Penn-\\nsylvania towards Ringold. At about 7 A. M. couriers arrived from both\\nscouts, with information that the enemy was advancing in force. I imme-\\ndiately sti engthened my pickets on the Lafayette road, and moved forward\\nwith the 4th Michigan and oue battalion of the 4th regulars and the section\\nof artillery and took up a jiosition on the eastern slope of Pea Vine Ridge,\\nand despatched couriers to Major-General Granger at Rossville, Colonel\\nWilder at Alexander s Bridge, General Wood at Gordon s j\\\\Iill, and Gen.\\nCrittenden at Crawfish Springs. On this day the 4th Michigan lost eleven\\nin killed and wounded and three as prisoners. The enemy, infantry in\\nf )rce with about 200 cavalry, advanced steadily, driving my skirmish line\\nback to my position on the side of the ridge. The head of a column getting\\ninto good range I opened on them with the artillery, when they immediately\\ndeployed and advanced a strong skirmish line. At this moment I observed\\na heavy column of dust moving from the direction of Graysville towards\\nDyer s Ford I sent a courier to Col. Wilder asking him to send a force to\\nhold the ford and cover my left, and sent my train across the creek. As\\nthe force from Grayville advanced I fell back until I arrived on the ground\\nI had occupied in the morning. Here Col. Miller, with two regiments and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "276 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ntwo mountain howitzers, reported to me from Col. Wilder s brigade. I di-\\nrected Col. ]\\\\Iillei- to take possession of the ford, and again advanced and\\ndrove the rebel skirmish line over the ridge and back on their line of battle\\nin the valley, where a force was in position, which I estimated at 7,000 men.\\nThirteen sets of regimental colors were visible.\\nThe rebel line advanced, and I was steadily driven back across the\\nridge. My only means of crossing the creek was Reed s Bridge, a narrow,\\nfrail structure, which was covered with loose boards and fence rails, and a\\nbad ford about three hundred yards higher up. I masked my artillery be-\\nhind some shrubs near the ford, leaving one battalion of the 4th regulars to\\nsupport it, and ordering the remainder of that regiment to cross the bridge,\\nholding the 4th Michigan and 7th Pennsylvania in line to cover the move-\\nment. Before the tirst squadron had time to cross the head of a rebel col-\\numn carrying their arms at right shoulder shift, and moving at the double\\nquick, as steadily as if at drill, came through the gap not five hundred yards\\nfrom the bridge. The artillery opening on them from an unexpected quar-\\nter evidently took them by surprise, and immediately checked their ad-\\nvance, again causing them to deploy. The 4th Michigan followed the 4th\\nregulars, and the 7th Pennsylvania the 4th Michigan. One squadron of\\nthe 4th regulars, under Lieut. Davis, most gallantly covering the crossing\\nof the 7th Pennsylvania. One squadron of the 4th Michigan, under Lieut.\\nSimpson, on picket on the Harrison road, was cut off by the rapid advance\\nof the enemy they made a gallant resistance, and eventually swam the\\ncreek without the loss of a man. The artillery crossed the ford in safety,\\nand I placed it in position to dispute the crossing of the bridge, from which\\nLieut. Davis s men had thrown most of the loose planking. Here I was\\nsoon hotly engaged and was holding the rebels in check, when I received a\\nnote from the officer in charge of my wagon train (which 1 had sent back\\nto Gordon s Mill) stating Col. AVilder has fallen back from Alexander s\\nBridge; he is retreating towards Gordon s ISIills, and the enemy is crossing\\nthe river in force at all points. I sent an order to Col. Miller to join me\\nwithout delay; and on his arrival I fell back to Gordon s Mill, skirmishing\\nwith the enemy, who followed me closely. With less than 1,000 men, the\\nold first brigade had disputed the advance of 7,000 from 7 o clock in the\\nmorning until 5 o clock in the evening, and during that time fell back only\\nfive miles. On arriving at Gordon s Mill my men were dismounted, and,\\nwith Col. Wilder s brigade and a brigade from Gen. Van Cleve s division,\\nrepulsed a heavy attack about 8 o clock P. M. We lay iu positicm all night\\nwithin hearing of the enemy and were without fires, although the night was\\nbitterly cold. At break of day General Palmer s division relieved us. I\\nthen moved to the rear and procured forage for our horses and ratitms for\\nthe men, who had been entirely without since the previous morning.\\nSei)tem!)er 19th. INIoved along the rear to the left to protect the trains\\nmoving into Chattanooga. Camped near Rossville.\\nSei)tember 20th. Under orders from Major-General Granger, I march-\\ned to the ford at Missionary Mills, and sent strong ])atrols to Chicamauga\\nStation and Graysville without meeting the enemy. Towards the afternoon\\nI received orders from General Granger to take possession of the position\\nthen occupied by him on the Ringold and Rossville road. On arriving on\\nthe ground I found that General Granger had already marched to the as-\\nsistance of General Thomas. Being anxious to know what was in front of\\nme, I pushed ft)rward towards Red House Bridge, and found Scott s brigade\\nof cavalry and mounted infantry, about 1,500 strong, moving into position\\non our side of the creek. I immediately attacked them, and after a spirited", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTFI CAVALRY. 277\\nskirmish of about uii hour s duration drove them across the creek, Avith con-\\nsiderable loss.\\nSeptember 21st. During the night General Thomas fell back to the\\nheights of Missionary Ridge at Rossville, and this morning I found myself\\nabout two miles directly in front of his line of battle. The rebels advanced\\nin three columns from the direction of Missionary JNlills, lied House Bridge,\\nand Dyer s Ford. I skirmished with their advance for a cou})le of hours,\\nand then fell back to Rossville, with a loss of one officer an l seven men\\nkilled and one officer and thirteen men wounded. I was then ordered to\\nthe left to watch the movements of the enemy.\\nSeptember 22d. Under orders from Major-General Thomas, the 4th\\nregulars moved during the night to Rossville and took possession of the gap\\nvacated by our retiring infantry. At (i A. M. I heard firing in the direc-\\ntion of Rossville leaving strong pickets in the passes over the ridge I moved\\nforward with the 7th Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan to su])port the 4th\\nregulars, but found that Capt. Mclntire had judiciously fallen back, the\\nenemy having turned his flank by advancing on the road from Gordon s\\nMills. I retired to Chattanooga, skirmishing sharply.\\nSeptember 23d. With the od Pennsylvania and 4th Michigan I worked\\nin the trenches all night, and at 4 A. M. crossed the Tennessee river and\\nencamj)ed at Oposum creek, from whence I picketed the river from Wash-\\nington to Sandy Shoals.\\nThe loss in my brigade from the day I was detached from the division\\nuntil I crossed the Tennessee river on the 24th was under 100 men, of whom\\nonly 15 were missing, and of those 15, 9 are known to be either killed or\\nwounded while during that time, in prisoners alone, I took from the enemy\\n439 men.\\nColonel Minty, in calling the attention of the commanding General to\\nthe gallant conduct in the battle of Chicamauga of certain officers of his\\nbrigade whom he considered entitled to special mention, says of Lieutenant\\nSimpson, 4th JNIichigan cavalry\\nLieutenant J. IL Simpson, 4th ^Michigan cavalry, commanded the\\nsquadron of his regiment on picket on the Harrison Road, on the 18th,\\nwhich was cut off Ity the nipid advance of the enemy. After fighting as\\nlong as he possibly could, he swam the Chicamauga and brought in his\\nsquadron, with no casualties but one man and one horse slightly wounded.\\nOn the oOth, the regiment, in command of Major Horace Gray, having\\nbeen ordered to Cotton s Ferry, on the Tennessee river, ta support a bat-\\ntalion of U. S. cavalry, it was attacked and driven back by a large body\\nof Wheeler s rebel cavalry, who had crossed the river. Plere Lieutenant\\nEdward Tucker was mortally wounded, and died at Chattanooga on the\\n7th of October following.\\nOn the 1st of October it again had a skirmish with Wheeler s cavalry,\\nwho was engaged in making a raid on the conmiunication of the army.\\nThe 4th participated in the pursuit of Wheeler, and on the 3d skirmished\\nwith his rear-guard.\\nOn the 28th oi March, 1864, excepting a detachment of 128 mounted\\nmen, the 4th proceeded, via Chattanooga and Stevenson, to Nashville,\\nwhere it arrived on the 31st. It here received new horses and equipments\\nand was armed with the Spencer carbine. On the 14th of April the regi-\\nment marched to Columbia, Tenn., where it joined the 2d cavalry division.\\n]\\\\Iarching from this place with 878 men present, on the 30th, the regiment\\nproceeded through Shelhyville and Tullahoma, and over the Cumberland\\nmountains to Bridgeport, Ala., thence crossed the Raccoon, Lookout, and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a2278 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nPigeon mountains to Lafayette, and thence across Taylor s Ridge, to\\nVillanon, Ga., where it arrived May 10th. On the 15th the command\\nattacked the enemy s cavalry at Tanner s Bridge, nine miles from Rome,\\nrouting and pursuing them seven miles, when meeting a superior force with\\nartillery, it retired, the regiment having lost in the affair wounded and 4\\nmissing, and captured a number of prisoners. From Woodland, on the\\n18Lh, seven companies were sent towards Kingston on a reconnoissance.\\nMeeting rebel cavalry, the detachment drove them for some miles, and until\\nit encountered a force of rel el infantry in front. The enemy s cavalry\\nthen threw themselves on its flanks and rear, and nearly enveloped the de-\\ntachment, but it finally succeeded in cutting its way through with the loss\\nof 24 in killed, wounded and missing. Among the wounded was Lieu-\\ntenant Randolph, mortally, who died on the 30tli of that month.\\nColonel Minty,. in his report to the Adjutant-General of the State already\\nreferred to, says, regarding the operations of his command at Lattimer s\\nMill, on Noonday creek:\\nTo give you some idea of the magnitude of the fight at Lattimer s Mill,\\nI hand you herewith a copy of a supplementary report of the battle, made\\nby me as brigade commander, on the 7th July, 1864, to Captain R. P.\\nKennedy, Assistant Adjutant-General, and which is as follows\\nI beg to hand you the following extracts from a letter published at\\nAtlanta, Ga., in the afternoon edition of the Memphis Appeal of the 25th\\nJune, 1864, as a supplementary report of the fight at Lattimer s Mill, on\\nthe 20th June\\nOn the 20th instant, two divisions Kelly s and Martin s and one\\nbrigade Williams of our cavalry, went round to the left flank and rear\\nof Sherman s army, it was said, to capture a brigade of Yankee cavalry,\\nstationed at JNIcAfee s. We succeeded in getting to the right place, where\\nthe enemy Minty s brigade was vigorously attacked by Williams and\\na portion of Anderson s brigade. After a sharp conflict the enemy were\\ndriven from the field, Ilannon s brigade having come up and attacked\\nthem on the flank. The Yankees fought desperately and fell back slowly,\\nwith what loss we are unable to ascertain, as they carried off their wounded\\nand most of their dead. To one who was an eye-witness, but not an adept\\nin the art of war, it seemed very strange that the whole Yankee force\\nwas not surrounded and captured. Dibrell s brigade was drawn up a few\\nhundred yards from and in full view of the battle-field, with Martin s whole\\ndivision immediately in the rear. This is one of the best fighting brigades\\nthe Yankees have, and to have captured or routed it would have i ,dded a\\nbright feather to the plume of the successful hero accomplishing the feat.\\nAfter he (Minty) had been driven from his first position, Martin s whole\\ndivision was brought up, and lost several men of Allen s brigade. Briga-\\ndier-General Allen had his horse shot. The 8th Confederate and 5th\\nGeorgia, of Anderson s brigade, lost several killed and wounded. Wil-\\nliams Kentucky brigade lost several good soldiers.\\nColonel Minty adds in his report: According to the above, there was\\nthe following rebel force in the field Kelly s and Martin s divisions, con-\\nsisting of the brigades of Anderson, (six regiments,) Hannou s, (five regi-\\nments,) Allen s, (five regiments,) and Johnson s, (five regiments,) and the\\nindependent brigades of Williams and Dibrell, composed of five regiments\\neach, say in all twelve regiments, with an averagcof 300 3,600; the 5th\\nGeorgia nund)ered over 800. The entire force I had engaged was 7th\\nPeunsylvania, 170 men, and 4th Micliigan, 283 in all 453. These few\\nmen held their ground against the repeated assaults of the enemy for over", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 279\\ntwo lionra, and when I ordered them to full back, they retired slowly, in\\ngood order. I beg to call the attention of the General commanding to the\\nheavy loss sustained by this small force. In a loss of over twelve per cent,\\nthe very small proportion reported missing shows how steadily and stub-\\nbornly they fought.\\nGeneral JNIinty adds in a note to this report: My loss in this engage-\\nment was 2 ofiicers and 65 men. The Marietta (Ga.) papers acknowledge\\na loss of 94 killed and 851 wounded. Two battalions 4th Michigan re-\\npulsed three sabre charges, made by the 8th Confederate and 5th Georgia,\\nnumbering over 1,000 men, and one battalion, led by Captain Hathaway,\\nrepulsed a charge made by Williams Kentucky Brigade, by a counter\\ncharge.\\nThe 4th Michigan lost 37 killed and wounded and 3 missing, including\\namong the killed Lieutenant T. W. Sutton.\\nHaving crossed the Chattahoochie river, the regiment, in command of\\nMajor Mix, on the 18th of July, 1864, participated in a raid on the Atlanta\\nand Augusta railroad, and destroyed the track for several miles. From\\nthe 22d to the 24th it was engaged in a raid on Covington, on the same\\nrailroad, and in destroying the bridges and track. On the 27th the com-\\nmand marched through Decatur, covering the Stoneraan raid. Encamp-\\ning at Flat Shoals, it was there surrounded by the rebel cavalry, but on\\nthe 28th succeeded in cutting its way through, and fell back to Lithonia,\\non the Augusta railroad. From the lsl to the 14th of August the 4th was\\nemployed as infantry, occupying a j^ortion of the trenches in front of At-\\nlanta that had been vacated by the 23d corps.\\nThe 4th, still in command of Major Mix, composed a part of General\\nKil Patrick s force while on his celebrated raid around the rebel array then\\ndefending Atlanta. This force consisted of the 3d division of cavalry, about\\n2,500 strong, commanded in person by General Kilpatrick, Minty s and\\nLong s brigades of the 2d cavalry division, numbering about 2,554, with\\ntwo sections of the Chicago Board of Trade battery, in command of Lieut.\\nRobinson. Kilpatrick made a complete circuit, occupying four days, fight-\\ning almost the entire time superior numbers, and whipping them with half\\ntheir force. General Garrard, of the 2d division did not accompany the\\nexpedition, consequently, Col. Minty, of the 4th Michigan, then the ranking\\ncolonel, took command of the brigades of that division.\\nAt 1 o clock, on the morning of the 18th of August, Minty s command\\nbroke camp and left our lines for the rendezvous of the expedition at Sand-\\ntown, arriving there at 6 A. M. The movement was commenced under\\ncover of darkness, to prevent, if possible, any information being obtained by\\nthe enemy yet, a rebel letter, captured on the 20th, dated at Atlanta on\\nthe 18th, gave the number of IMiuty s command, and the destination of the\\nraiders. On the morning of the 19th, Minty reported to General Kilpat-\\nrick at Sandtown, and received his orders, and that night the command\\nmoved off on their bold undertaking, the 3d division in the advance, skir-\\nmishing all the way, until the West Point railroad was reached near Fair-\\nbern, where the first rebel assault was made. The enemy struck the column\\non the left flank, with artillery and dismounted cavalry, with so much force\\nas to cut the 7th Pennsylvania, in command of Major Jennings, in two, but\\nwere immediately reinforced by the 4th Michigan, commanded by IMajor\\nMix, when a vigorous and irresistible attack was made on the enemy driving\\nhim from the ground in great disorder. Pursuing the rebel force to Flint\\nriver, it was found that the bridge had been destroyed, the stream deep,\\nand bottom bad for crossing, while Ross and Furgerson s brigades of cav-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "280 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nairy presented a bold front on the east bank, and with artillery disputed\\nthe passage. The artillery was promptly in position, and soon silenced the\\nrebel batteries instantly the 1st, 3d, and 4th Ohio and 4th Michigan cav-\\nalry dismounted, formed in line, and under cover of a destructive fire of\\ngrape and canister directed on the rebel rifle pits, and with a yell, dashed\\nforward on the double-quick to the bank of the livcr, where a deadly fire\\nwas poured into the rebels at short range, dislodging their sharp-shooters,\\nwhen the column crossed the river on the stringers of the burned bridge,\\nleaving the 7th Pennsylvania, one section of artillery, and the led horses on\\nthe west bank. Minty, with his command dismounted, then advanced on\\nJonesboro, the 4th Michigan being deployed as skirmishers, 1st Ohio, 4th\\nU. S., in line, Avith one section of artillery in the centre, and the 3d and 4th\\nOhio following in column, driving Ross and Ferguson into town where they\\ntook shelter in the houses, and opened a sharp fire. While Minty was get-\\nting his artillery in position to riddle the buildings, the rebels mounted their\\nhorses and vacated in disorder. The 3d division was then cjuickly brought\\nup, and the destruction of the town commenced, two-thirds of it being de-\\nstroyed by fire.\\nWhile this was being done, Ferguson and Ross were reinforced by\\na brigade of infantry, and took a position near Kilpatrick s forces, en-\\ntrenching themselves by felling timber, c. Kilpatrick s main object\\nbeing to destroy the railway, and not whipping the enemy, except when\\nnecessary in the execution of his purpose, that same night left Jonesboro.\\nStriking east about five miles, he then marched direct for Lovejoy s Station,\\non the Slacon road. At daybreak the next morning his flight from Jones-\\nboro was discovered by the enemy, who started in pursuit with his cavalry.\\nAt one and a half miles from Lovejoy s Station, the 2d division in the ad-\\nvance, Minty s brigade leading, followed by Long s, the 4th Michigan was\\ndetached, with orders to gain possession of and destroy the railroad and\\nwas engaged in tearing up the track, when the column moving down the\\ndirect road to the station encountered the enemy s mounted pickets, who\\nwere driven in by the 7th Pennsylvania in fine style but skirmishing was\\ncontinued until within a (juarter of a mile of the station, where the force\\nwas dismounted. In the meantime the 4tli U. S. cavalry had been sent to\\nreinforce the 7th Pennsylvania, but before their line was fairly formed a\\nwhole rebel infantry brigade, which was lying in ambush without skirmish-\\ners out,, poured into the ranks a terrific volley, and with yells rushed over\\nthe small party, killing, Avounding, and taking prisoners nearly the entire\\nparty, Avho fought bravely until their arms were wrested from them. Long s\\nbrigade was immediately formed, artillery placed in position, and the rebels\\nwere quickly rej)uls( d, with severe loss. Scarcely had this been accom-\\nplished when a whole division of rebel cavalry, (Jackson s,) 5,000 strong,\\ncomposed of Armstrong s, Ferguson s, and Ross s brigades, were seen com-\\ning down on the left and rear on the keen run, accompanied by ten pieces\\nof artillery. Cleburn s division of cavalry, 10,000 strong, was advancing\\nrapidly on the right and front, while Reynolds, with seven regiments of in-\\nfantry, was coming in quickly on the left and front. Before Kil pa trick\\nhad time to learn what was coming, a spirited attack was made on the rear,\\nbut he soon comprehended the situation, flinty s brigade was instantly\\nwithdrawn and hastily formed in line in column of regiments. The 7th\\nPennsylvania, Major Jennings, on the right; 4th Michigan, Major i\\\\Iix, in\\nthe centre, and the 4th U. S., Captain Mclntire, on the left Long s brigade\\nwas fiirmed in rear, and the 3d division was formed on the left of the road.\\nThe advancing enemy was immediately most gallantly attacked by a charge", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 281\\nof Minty s brigade, which is described by a correspondent of the Cincinnati\\nCommercial as follows\\nWliile the various regiments were being manoeuvred into position to\\nmeet the onslaught of the rebels, who were sweeping down u[)on them, the\\nmen had time to comprehend the danger that surrounded them rebels to\\nthe right of them, rebels to the left of them, rebels in rear of them, rebels\\nin front of them surrounded there was no salvation but to cut their way\\nout. Visions of Libby Prison and starvation flitted through their imagi-\\nnation, and they saw that the deadly conflict could not be avoided. Placing\\nhimself at the head of his brigade, the gallant and fearless ISlinty drew his\\nsabre, and his voice rung out clear and loud Attention, column forward,\\ntrot regulate by the centre regiment march, gallop, march and away\\nthe brigade went with a yell that echoed away across the valleys.\\nThe ground from which the start was made, and over which they\\ncharged, was a plantation of about two square miles, thickly strewn with\\npatches of woods, deep water cuts, fences, ditches, and morasses. At the\\nword away went the bold dragoons, at the height of their speefl. Fences\\nwere jumped and ditches Avere no impediment. The rattle of the sabres\\nmingled with tliat of the mess kettles and frying-pans that jingled at the\\nside of the pack mule brigade, which were madly puslied forward by the\\nfrightened darkies who straddled them. Charging for their lives and yell-\\ning like devils, Minty and his troopers encountered the rebels behind a\\nhastily constructed barricade of rails., Pressing their rowels deep into\\ntheir horses flanks, and raising their sabres aloft, on, on, on, nearer and\\nnearer to the rebels they plunged. The terror-stricken enemy could not\\nwithstand the thunderous wave of men and horse that threatened to engulf\\nthem. They broke and ran just as Minty and his troopers were urging\\ntheir horses for the decisive blow. In an instant all was confusion. The\\nyells of the horsemen were drowned in the clashing of steel and the groans\\nof the dying. On pressed JNIinty in pursuit, his men s sabres striking right\\nand left, and cutting down everything in their path. The rebel horsemen\\nwere seen to reel and pitch headlong to the earth, Avhile their frightened\\nsteeds rushed pell-mell over their bodies. J\\\\lany of the rebels defended\\nthemselves with almost superhuman strength yet it was al in vain. The\\ncharge of Federal steel was irresistible. The heads and limbs of some of\\nthe rebels were actually severed from their bodies, the head of the rider\\nfalling on one side of the horse, the lifeless trunk upon the other.\\nThe individual instances of heroism were many. Hardly a man flinched,\\nand when the brigade came out more than half the sabres were stained with\\nhuman blood.\\nIt was, all admit, one of the finest charges of the war. Fully one hun-\\ndred men fell under the keen sabres of Minty s brigade. The {)raises of\\nMinty and his command are upon every tongue. The 4th U. S., 4t]i iMich-\\nigan, 1st, 3d, and 4th Ohio regiments charged over a rebel battery of three\\nguns on the left of the road but no sooner had our men passed than the\\nrebels again seized the cannon, and reversing them, poured grape and canis-\\nter into the charging columns. General Kilpatrick, seeing this, with his\\nstaft and others, about thirty in all, moved forward to capture the guns;\\nbut found a higli staked-and-ridered fence between him and the battery.\\nSeeing the predicament in which the general was. Private William Bailey,\\na young Tennessean belonging to company I, 4th ]\\\\Iichigan, an orderly to\\nColonel flinty, coolly rode up to the fence, dismounted in face of a severe\\nfire, tore down the fence, remounted, rode up to the battery, shot the cap-\\ntain, took possession of the horse and arms, and rode out. He was imme-\\nR*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "2^2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ndiately followed by a party of men who captured the battery and spiked\\nthe guns. In the charge Minty s brigade captured three stand of colors.\\nThe 4th U. S. taking two and the 4th Michigan one.\\nThe position of General Kilpatrick s force, and the overpowering numbers\\nopposing him, rendered his condition most critical, leaving him to choose\\nbetween surrender or almost certain annihilation in the effort to extricate\\nhimself He chose the latter, and was relieved from his dilemma by the\\ngallant fighting of Minty s brigade, and thus enabled to accomplish success-\\nfully the object of the expedition.\\nThe casualties in the brigade and the Chicago Board of Trade battery on\\nthis raid were 1 officer and 32 men killed, G oflicers and 92 men wounded,\\n3 officers and 20 men missing, (wounded,) and 4 officers and 48 men missing.\\nThe casualties in Minty s brigade during the campaign, ending in the\\noccupation of Atlanta, were 2 officei-s and 44 men killed, officers and 106\\nmen wounded, and 7 officers and 83 men missing.\\nThe regiment arrived at Lithonia on the 21st, having made a circuit\\naround Atlanta, and been in the saddle and almost constantly engaged\\nsince its departure from Sandtown on the 18th, the marches having been\\nmade over roads that had become very rough from heavy rains. From\\nLithonia the regiment returned to vSandtown. Marching thence through\\nAtlanta, it crossed the Chattahoochie river on the 19th, and encamped near\\nRoswell. Less than 150 mounted men were present at this time for duty.\\nA detail of 50 men, sent out as guard for a foraging train from Roswell,\\nwere attacked by a force estimated at over four times their number but,\\nafter a sharp conflict, the detachment repulsed the enemy, its loss being\\nonly one wounded and two missing. On the 1st of October the regiment\\nagain returned to Sandtown, and on the 2d and 3d engaged the enemy for\\nseveral hours on each day, on Sweetwater creek, but with slight loss. On\\nthe 4th the regiment arrived at Marietta, where it joined the 2d cavalry\\ndivision, and moved with it in pursuit of the rebel army, then engaged in\\nits northward movement to the Tennessee river. The command skirmished\\nwith the enemy for several hours on the 5th, and on the following day the\\nrebels having vacated their position, the command attacked their rear\\nguard and captured a brigadier general and colonel, with other prisoners.\\nThe enemy having moved to Dallas and occupied their old works at that\\nplace, were attacked by the command and driven out. On the 10th the\\ncommand was engaged near Rome, and on the 12th crossed the Ostewaula\\nriver and attacked the rebel force, but after driving them several miles the\\nlatter opened with artillery, and the command retired. On the 13th the\\nenemy were again attacked and two pieces of artillery and a large number\\nof prisoners taken from them. Recrossing the Ostewaula river, tlie regi-\\nment marched through Rome, Kingston, and Adairsville, to Resaca, thence\\nvia Summersville and Galesville, Ala., to Little river, where, on the 20th,\\nit engaged General Wheeler s cavalry, forcing them to retire. The dis-\\nmounted men had from time to time been sent to the rear, and with the\\nexception of 217 sent to Chattanooga, were employed in garrisoning the\\nblock-houses on the railroad between Nashville and Huntsville. On the\\n17th of September, Corporal Charles M. Bickford and 17 men of the regi-\\nment, in a bU)ck-house, were attacked by the rebel cavalry under General\\nWheeler, numbering over 8,000, with artillery. Although the enemy shelled\\nthe block-house for over five hours, they could not force a surrender, and\\nfinally retired with a loss of 8 killed and 60 wounded. The corporal was\\npromoted to be a commissioned ofiicer, and the names of the men were hon-\\norably mentioned in general orders.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALIIY. 283\\nThe regiment, in command of Lieut. Col. B. F. Pritchard, was at Gravel-\\nly Springs, Ala., during the mouth of February and part of March, 1865.\\nDuring the early part of March preparations had been made for active ser-\\nvice, and on the Tith tlu; command broke camp at 12 P. M. and reached\\nWaterloo on the 13th, cro.ssing the Tennessee river to Eastport, Miss. It\\nremained there until the 22d, and then conmienced its march southward,\\nover mountains, crossing rivers and creeks and through swamps, building\\nmiles of corduroy road, reaching the Black Warrior river on the 29th, and\\nwhich was that day crossed by swimming the horses, losing one man and\\nbetween thirty and forty horses. During the night the Locust was crossed\\nin tlic same numner. On the olst the command crossed Shades creek and\\nthe C ahawba river, passing the battery over the railroad bridge after it had\\nbeen laid with ties, losing five or six mules and horses by their tumbling\\nover the narrow bridge and falling nearly a hundred feet, killing them in-\\nstantly. The brigade to which the regiment was attached being in the rear\\nof its division, the 2d, the 4th division having the advance, became engaged\\nwith Forrest s command, and had a sharp fight on the 1st of April near\\nMulberry creek, capturing three pieces of artillery. On the same day the\\nregiment, with its brigade, crossed the Big Mulberry and about midnight\\nencamped at Plantersville. On the 2d the brigade, being in the advance,\\nstarted at 4 o clock A. M. on the direct road to Sehna, distant about twenty\\nmiles, reaching the fortifications in front of that place at 2 P. M. on the\\nsame day. They were found to be stronger and more perfect than those at\\nAtlanta, consisting of an inner line of redans and redoubts, mounted with\\n12-pounder howitzers and 20-pounder Parrots. The main and outer line,\\nwhich extended entirely around the city from river to river, consisted of\\ntwenty-five redoubts or bastions connected by curtains, the parapet being\\nabout twelve feet high and surrounded by a ditch and well-built palisade,\\nin frcmt of which was swampy ground partially covered with abattis. These\\nworks were defended by General Forrest, with a force estimated at nine\\nthousand. The 2d division, in which was the 4th Michigan, was ordered\\nto assault the works on the Summerville road and the 4th division those on\\nthe Plantersville road. About the time the assault was to take ])lace the\\nrear of the 2d division was attacked by Chalmer s division of rebel cavalry.\\nThe 3d Ohio and 72d Indiana, with a portion of the 98th Illinois, were im-\\nmediately detached to hold them in check, leaving in the 2d division only\\nabout 1,483 men to make the assault. It, however, moved forward under a\\nterrific fire, going at the work with a cheer, and had possession of the main\\nline in twenty minutes, losing in that brief space of time 324 in killed and\\nwounded. General Long, commanding the division, had been shot in the\\nhead shortly after the division moved to the assault. Colonel Minty, of the\\n4th Michigan, assuming command, leading the division in the assault, and\\nis reported to have been the first man to get inside the works alive Corpo-\\nral Booth, company A, 4th Ohio cavalry, being killed as he entered the\\nworks just ahead of Col. IMinty. The rebels were soon swept from the main\\nline of works, and then the inner line of redans was carried in detail by\\nassault, and possession had been gained of the entire iiuier line when the\\n4th division reached the outer works. The result of this gallant afi air was\\nthe capture of the city, with twenty-five pieces of artillery in position, be-\\nsides seventy-five pieces in the navy-yard, with a large amount of amnui-\\nnition and stores, together with other property, and twenty-eight hundred\\nprisoners.\\nOn the 7th of May Lieut. Col. Pritchard was directed by Col. IMinty to\\nproceed with the regiment as rapidly as possible to Spauldiug, in Irwin", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "284 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ncounty, and picket the Ocmulgee river from Hawkinsville to the mouth of\\nthe Oconee river, for the purpose of preventing the escape of Jefferson Davis,\\nwho was then supposed to be making his way to the Atlantic coast, and if\\nhe got on his track to follow him wherever he went, and to capture or kill\\nhim without fail. At Abbyville he became satisfied that Davis had already\\ncrossed the Ocmulgee, and ascertained that the 1st Wisconsin cavalry Avas\\nfollowing him closely in the direction of Irwinsville. With one hundred and\\nfifty-three of the best mounted men of the regiment he followed the line of\\nthe Ocmulgee for some miles, and then took a bridle path or blind road\\nthrough the woods towards Irwinsville, and arrived at that place about 2\\no clock A. M. on the 10th, and found that Davis had not yet passed. Pre-\\ntending to be a part of his escort. Col. Pritchard gained information from\\na rebel citizen that Davis was encamped in the woods al)out three-fourths\\nof a mile north of the town. The camp was at once surrounded, and at\\nabout 3 o clock A. M. the force closed in and captured him and his party,\\nDavis attempted to escape, disguised in his wife s travelling cloak, with a\\nshawl thrown over his head, but private Adrian Bee, of company L, and\\nCorporal Hunger, of company C, espied his military boots beneath his femi-\\nnine attire and commanded him to halt. The following morning, while en\\nroute for Macon with the captives, information was received of the proflered\\nreward of 6100,000 for his capture. On arriving at Macon Col. Pritchard,\\nCapt. Hudson, Lieut. Stauber, and Lieut. Purinton, with twenty-two men,\\nwere detailed to escort Davis to Washington, D. C. The regiment remain-\\ned at Macon until the 21st, when it was started en route for home, feeling\\nthat in the capture of Jeff. Davis it had finished its work.\\nNote. In the account given in the annals of the Army of the Cumberland of the\\ncapture of Franklin, on Dec. 13, 1863, is found the following notice of the 4th Michigan\\ncavalry Company I of the 4th Michigan cavalry, dismounting, took position near the\\nbridge and opened fire on the mill the remainder of the 4th Michigan dismounted un-\\nder cover of the rising ground on which the 7lh Pennsylvania were formed, and ad-\\nvanced at the double-quick, passed the position of the 7ih Pennsylvania, waded across\\nthe river and drove the rebels from the town. Colonel Minty was the first man across\\nthe river, and as he scrambled up the south bank, he took a rebel officer. The 4th\\nMichigan iiad passed through the town and were following the enemy out on the Co-\\nlumbia aud Carter s Creek pikes on foot, before any of the mounted men had crossed\\nthe river. The enemy left one captain and four privates dead in the town aud ten\\nBev.Mcly wounded, and fifteen or twenty prisoners were captured.\\nCol. .\\\\Iinty, in his report of the operations of the brigade commanded by him in the\\nbattle of iStone river, says Captain Mix of the 4lh Michigan, with about fit tj men,\\nnot only drove two hundred of the enemy for over two miles, but held his position\\nagainst a full regiiwent of rebel cavalry. Lieut. Eldredge with eighteen dismounted\\nmen attacked the enemy, routed him, and re-captured a wngon loaded with ammuuition.\\nCol. Minty, in his report covering the service of his brigade at the battle of iShelby-\\nville, specially mentions officers for gallant conduct, as follows Lieut, and Adjutant\\nHudson, 4th Michigan cavalry, acted iv\\\\ih great gallantry throughout the entire action\\nhe was severely wounded by a musket ball through the shoulder.\\nRegimental commanders make honorable mention ol the Ibllowing: In 4tli Michigan\\ncavaliy. Captains Pritchard, Hathaway, Robbins and Grant; Corporal Iloffmaster of\\ncompany L, (most gallant conduct,) and Private Mason Brown of company 1.\\nThe regimental commamlers (including Major Mi.x, 4tli Michigan) are named by Col-\\nonel Minty as deserving of special mention for their promptness aud the manner in\\nwhich tliey handled their respective commands.\\nFollowing is Bragg s circular to his array directing the movements of the 18th, which\\nindicates the important position held by the 4th Michigan cavalry\\nIIeadquauters Army of Tkhnesske,\\nIn the Fiklu. Lekts Tanvakd, Sept. 18, 1863.\\n[Circular.] I. Johnson s column (Hood s) on crossing at or near Keed s bridge will", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 28cv\\nturn to the left by the most practicable route, and sweep up the Chicamauga toward*\\nLee and Gordon s mills.\\nII. Wiilker, on crossing at Alexander s bridge, will unite in this move and push viy\\norously on the enemy s Hank and rear in the same direction.\\nIII. Buckner, crossing at Tedford s ford, will join in the movement to the left a^i i\\npress the enemy up the stream from Polk s front at Lee and Gordon s mills.\\nIV. Polk will press his forces to the front of Lee and Gordon s mills.\\nBy command of General Bragg, G. W. BRENTT, A. A. G.\\nSays an officer writing to Col. Minty, and who had the opportunity of knowing; It\\nwill I think be seen that you held on that day (Sept. 18th) the key of the position, (the\\nleft of the army,) and so successfully that the rebel plan was frustrated. It cost Gi (Uiral\\nThomas thousands of men to maintain it, persistently fought for on the two subseq\u00c2\u00bbient\\ndays. Had the rebels succeeded, early in the morning of the first day of the ba tie, in\\ntaking Reed s bridge, not only Col. Wilder but the whole army would have beta acri-\\nously compromised. I am sure had General Rosecrans known all the facts he would\\nhave added the 18th to the number of days the army could not have dispenseC with\\nthe services of the cavalry.\\nThe more I consider the facts concerning the situation of the array, and lear i of the\\nrebels, the prouder I become of our little brigade. Preston s division effectei an un-\\nobstructed passage at Huntsford, (says Ord, the correspondent of the Mobile Tribune,\\nRebel.) Not so with Johnson and Walker at Reed s and Alexander s bridges With-\\nout them there was no sweei)ing up the Chicamauga and vigorously pressing \u00c2\u00bbhe ene-\\nmy s flank and rear; and when the passage was effected, your persistent pres nee and\\nline of retreat made the rebels fear to turn to the left and expose to you tl ijir flank\\nand rear. It was not cavalry you were fighting, as Bragg s order proves. Fo rest was\\non the rebel right, but the bulk of the rebel cavalry was watching at Catl it s Gap.\\nOn the whole, Uolonel, while you have earned many laurels, at no time can find you\\ndoing such valuable service to the Army of the Cumberland, as on the 18th o Septem-\\nber, 1863.\\nIn 18C4, while the block-houses on the Chattanooga Nashville Railroad v ;re being\\nguarded by detachments of the 4th Michigan cavalry, one of them was gar .soned by\\ntwenty-three men of that regiment, only seventeen of whom were armed hey were\\nunder the command of Corporal Chanclor M. Bickford of Algansee, Branch :o., .Mich.\\nOn September 17th they were attacked by General Wheeler s whole comnrmd, eight\\nthousand men, with three pieces of artillery. A summons of surrender was ent twice,\\nbut steadily refused. At half-past 12 o clock M. the rebels opened with the r artillery,\\nand for two hours and a half continued to shell the block-house, at one time being not\\nmore than ten or fifteen rods distant. Seven times the rebels were made to ;hange the\\nposition of their artillery, and were finally forced to retreat at about six o c! )ck in the\\nevening with a loss of eight men killed and sixty wounded. The block house was\\nstruck during the engagement twenty-five times by artillery. Cor[)oral B ckford was\\npromoted to a Second Lieutenancy, and the names of the gallant men who were under\\nhis command were honorably mentioned in orders.\\nCol. Minty, in his report of the operations of his command at the capture of Selma,\\nAla, in mentioning officers deserving special notice for gallant conduct, says of Major\\nBurns, 4th Michigan: Major Burus, 4th Michigan cavalry, my A. A. A. G., was\\namongst the first to enter the works, and acted in the most gallant manner throughout\\nthe entire action.\\nCopy of the original letter written with a pencil by Col. Pritchard, announcing the\\ncapture of Jefferson Davis:\\nHeadquarters 4th Michigan Cavalry,\\nAbbeville, Ga., May \\\\lth, 1865.\\nCapt. Scott, A. A. A. G., 2d Division, C. C. M. D. M.\\nSir: 1 have the honor to report that at daylight yesterday at Irwinsville, I surprised\\nand captured Jeff Davis and family, together with his wife s sister and brother, his\\nPostmaster-General (Ragan) his private Secretary (Colonel Harrison,) Col. Johnson, A.\\nD. C. on Jeffs staff. Col. Morris, Col. Lubbock, Lieut. Hathaway, also several unimpor-\\ntant names, and a train of five wagons and three ambulances, making a most perfect\\nsuccess, had not a most painful mistake occurred by which the 4th Michigan and 1st Wis-\\nconsin collided which cost us two men killed and Lieut. Boirtelle wounded through the\\narm, in the 4th Michigan, and three men wounded in the 1st Wisconsin. This occurred\\njust at daylight after we had captured the camp, by the advance of the Ist Wisconsin,\\nnot propc-ly answering our challenge, by which they were mistaken for the enemy. I\\nreturned to this point last night and shall move right on to Macon without awaiting", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "286 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\norders from joii as directed feeling that the whole objects of the expedition are accom-\\nplished. It will take at least three days to reach Macon as we are 75 miles out and our\\nstock is much wearied. I hope to reach Hawkinsville to-night.\\nI have the honor, Sir, to be, very respectfully, your ob dt servt,\\nD. B. PRITCHARD, Lieut. Col. 4th Michigan.\\nThe following are the names of the officers and men of the regiment who were present\\nat the capture of Jefl erson Davis and party, on the morning of the lOlh of May, 1865\\nLieut. Colonel Benjamin D. Pritchard, commanding. Julian G. Dickinson, Adjutant.\\nPerry J. Davis, Quartermaster. Cha-les T. Hudson, Captain Co. E. Henry S. Boutelle,\\n1st Lieut. Co. C. Silas J. Stauber, 1st Lieut. Co. G. Alfred B. Purington, 2d Lieut.\\nCo. I. John Bennett, 2d Lieut. Co. B.\\nCompany A Sergeants Thomas Davis, Thomas Riley, George A. Simmons, Rezin\\nWright. Corporals Darwin Dunning, Robert L. Reynolds, Lyman J. Russell. Privates\\nWilliam Balon, Daniel C. Blinn, Gilbert Coata, James FuUerton, Casper Knable, Philo\\nMorse, Charles W. Nichols, Henry Provost, George Rinke.\\nCompany B Sergeants A. A. Braley, E. A. Ford. Corporals B. B. Bennett, William\\nCrow, C. F. Parker, J. P. Sherburne, U. B. Tuttle. Privates Augustus Armstrong, J.\\nJ. Bontel, Frank Crim, John Nichols, A. F. Shepherd, W. P. Steadman, William V.\\nWood, L. H. Wilcox.\\nCompany C Corporals David J. Curry, George M. Munger, Reuben Palmerton, Abram\\nSebring. Privates James F. Bullard, David Dillon, Frank C. Leach, James H. Lynch,\\n(Stephen B. Munson, killed,) Ranseler Riggs, John Rupert, Harmon Stevens, William J.\\nSmith.\\nCompany D Corporal James H. Place. Privatt-s John Brown, Thomas Hunter, Burt\\nJudson, Horace C. Jenney, William H. J. Martin, Jacob E. Munn, William Parker, Fran-\\ncis E. Thompson, Z. H. Wilcox.\\nCompany E Sergeants George A. Bullard, David B. Green. Corporals Dewitt C.\\nCarr, William H. Crittenden, (John Hines, killed.) Charles W. Tyler. Privates Silas\\nBullard, George F. Delmnge, William F. Driesman, Henry Johnson, Robert G. Tripp,\\nJohn G. Stevens, Peter Seqany, Oscar E. Teft t.\\nCompany F Sergeant John Correnton. Corporals DeWitt C. Cobb, William F. True.\\nPrivates Joseph Bellinger, Henr} Bradock, Dennis Drescoe, Henry Frickey, John F.\\nGrossman, Ira Harrington, Jr., Homer Hazelton, B. Franklin Nichols, James Patterson,\\nGeorge Raab, William Wright.\\nCompany G Sergeants John Cavanaugh, Jeremiah F. Craig, Jacob N. Frash, James\\nF. O Brien, William H. Palmeteer. Corporals John Ballou, George Myers, Leander B.\\nShaw, George W. Van Sickle. Privates Daniel Graham, David Cunningham, Joshua\\nParks, Cary Reed, John A. Skinner, Joseph Odrin.\\nCompany I Sergeants Lester P. Bates, Elias F. Pierce. Corporals Preston W.\\nBrown, Jerome B. Heath. Privates George W. Rodwell, Martin L. Brown, George M.\\nDutcher. William Dill, Charles Fhigger, Daniel E. Krumm, Patrick McKennedy, Charles\\nW. Middaugh, Hiram McCoUough, Martin R. Petlit, Luke M. Thayer.\\nCompany K Sergeant Ansel Adams. Corporal Alonzo Moe. Privates Thomas Fol-\\nley, Decatur Jaycox, John H. Kelch, Edwin Mabie, Smith B. Mills, James R. Norton,\\nJacob D. Newith, John Nelson, Enoch L. Rhodes, Nathani-1 Root.\\nCompany L Sergeants Benjamin K. Coif, Joseph Hofi master. Corporals Charles C.\\nMarsh, William Oliver. Privates Andrew Bee, Benjamin F. Carpenter, Daniel Edwards,\\nE. Lane, J. W. Linsley, William Munn, William Newkirk, George Noggle, Perry Phelps,\\nJesse J. Penfield, Joseph Stewart.\\nCompany M 1st Sergeant Wesley D. Pond. Corporals Simeon HufiF, Henry Shana-\\nhan. Privates Andrew Anderson, Robert Arnold, Emanuel Beazan, John Vautyle.\\nA commission was appointed by the War Department which decided that the 4th\\nMichigan cavalry were entitled to the reward for the capture of Jeff Davis, and directed\\nhow it should be distributed. But when the appro[)riation came before Congress, a claim\\nwas set up by the Ist Wisconsin cavalry, which deferred the passage of the bill from time\\nto time until the close of the session, July, 18G8, when the bill authorizing the expenditure\\nwas finally passed. The claim of the 4th Michigan was ably advocated by the Michigan\\nDelegation, but the matter was so managed by Congress that the award of the Commis-\\nsion so far as the money in question was concerned, was set aside, and the amount dis-\\ntributed as follows: General Wilson, commanding U. S. cavalry in that region of coun-\\ntry, $3000; Lieut. Colonel Pritchard, 4th Michigan, $3300 Colonel Harnden, 1st Wis-\\nconsin cavalry, $3000; Captain Joseph A. 0. Yoeman, 1st Ohio cavalry, $3000. The\\nremainer of the $100,000 was distributed equally to the members of these orgauizations\\nthen with the expedition.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "THE EIGHTH CAVALRY. 287\\nTHE EIGHTH CAVALRY.\\nThe rebel General INforgan, on his memorable raid through Kentucky,\\nIndiana, and Ohio in 1863, found some Michigan troops after him, as they\\nwere generally after rebels on almost every other occasion during tiie rebel-\\nlion, and they troubled them somewhat on this occasion. Among them were\\nthe 8th ]\\\\Iichigan cavalry, then in command of Lieut. Col. G. S. Worraer,\\nwho j)ursued Morgan for sixteen successive days and nights, and on over-\\ntaking him at ButHngton s Island, in the Ohio river, on July 19th, the regi-\\nment, together with other troops, vigorously attacked his forces and, after\\na brisk fight, routed him, driving his command in great confusion, taking\\nfive hundred and seventy-three prisoners, four hundred and eighty-seven\\nhorses and mules, with a large quantity of arms.\\nA detachment of the regiment, in charge of Lieut. Boynton, afterwards\\nled a force Cdmmaudcd by Major Rue, 9th Kentucky cavalry, which pur-\\nsued and ca])turcd Morgan near New Lisbon, Ohio, on the 2Gth of July,\\n1863. This detachment was on the right of the command at the time of\\nhis surrender, and under its standard the final terms were consummated.\\nThis regiment left the State in May, 1863, and down to the fight at Buffing-\\nton s Island had been engaged with the enemy at Triplet s Bridge, Leba-\\nnon, Lawrenceburg, and Salvica, Kentucky, becoming thus early, after it\\nreached the field, .prominently and actively at work battling the rebellion\\nand nobly maintaining the high standard of INIichigan troops. The regiment\\nwas raised and organized by Col. John Stockton, who commanded it until\\nhealth failed him, and proved a brave and efficient body of men, accom-\\nplishing much hard service and passing through many desperate encounters\\nwith the Western rebel troops, and always acquitting itself gloriously, whe-\\nther in partial defeat or in complete and substantial victory. While the\\nrecord of the regiment is bright and dazzling, and numbers many successful\\nand brilliant battles, none of them perhaps appear to more advantage tlian\\nthe severe fights at Athens and Calhoun, East Tennessee, September 26th\\nand 27th, 1863, in which its brigade, being the 1st of the 4th division, 4th\\narmy corps, became engaged with Forrest s and Wheeler s cavalry, esti-\\nmated at 15,000, and where the regiment, in command of Colonel Wormer,\\noccupied a prominent position, fought stubbornly, and lost forty-three men\\nin killed, wounded, and missing. On October 28th following, while on a\\nreconnoissance from Loudon, it became engaged in a severe action, losing\\nnine wounded.\\nConspicuous also are its gallant achievements while checking the advance\\nof Lougstreet s army on Knoxville, when the regiment, in command of\\nMajor Edgcrly, participated in covering the retreat of the Union forces,\\nthen falling back before the rebel army from Lenoir Station on Knoxville.\\nOn that occasion the regiment was engaged with the enemy constantly from\\nthe rith until the 19th Is^ovember, and afterwards took part in the glorious\\nand successful defence of Knoxville until the raising of the siege on the 5th\\nof December, when it joined in pursuit of the rebel army, skirmishing with\\ntheir rear guard and driving them at every point until Bean s Station was\\nreached, where it became heavily engaged on the 14th December, but suc-\\nceeded in pushing them with loss from every position. For its decided\\nbravery, determined fighting, and the valuable service rendered the army,\\nthe regiment was complimented in special orders by General Biiruside.\\nThe regiment, commanded by Lieut. Col. ^lix, formed a j)ortion of Stone-\\nman s cavalry, which covered Sherman s right on his advance upon Atlanta,\\nand on July 4th, 1864, became conspicuously distinguished at the Chatta-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "288 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nhooche river, where, after a hard fight with Armstrong s brigade of rebel\\ncavalry with an artillery support, the regiment charged and drove the\\nbrigade across the river. For this gallant conduct it received at tlie time\\nthe cheers of General Stoneman and his staff. It also took part in the fruit-\\nless raid of Stoneman on IMacon in July, and even in that fearfully disas-\\ntrous undertaking won glorious distinction as a fighting regiment. When\\nStoneman became entirely surrounded, and surrender was evident, the 8th\\nMichigan, then in command of Col. Mix, unwilling to lay down their arms\\nto tlie rebels, and bearing in mind the honor of their State as well as their\\nown, obtained permission from the commanding general to cut tlieir way\\nout, and, dashing forward, commenced their desperate undertaking, sur-\\nrounded entirely by the enemy, engaging him hand to hand. Colonel Mix\\nbeing captured, owing to the loss of his horse. Major Buck assumed com-\\nmand, and succeeding in forcing through the enemy by persistent and stub-\\nborn fighting, he undertook to reach the Union lines near Atlanta, but failed.\\nAfter a hard march, much fatigue and exposure, having been seven days\\nand eight nights in the saddle, pursued and harassed, he was overtaken,\\nand, after a severe engagement, a large number were made prisoners yet\\na portion of the regiment reached the Union lines.\\nThis regiment was serving in Tennessee on November 1st, 1864, and bri-\\ngaded with the 14th and 16th Illinois cavalry, and at that date, Avith its\\nbrigade, was on the march from Nashville to Pulaski for the purpose of\\nwatching the movements of Hood, who was then on his northern expedition\\nfrom Atlanta. Having reached Pulaski, the regiment, on the 6th, moved\\non a scout toLawrenceburg and returned, and again on the 12th to Waynes-\\nboro Returning from that point, it marched to jNIount Pleasant on the\\n14th and loth, and remained there in camp on the 16th, on the 17th and\\n18th was on the march to Waynesboro company C having a skirmish with\\nthe enemy. Having reached Waynesboro on the 18th, 19th, and 20th\\nnearly the whole regiment was engaged day and night in scouting l)y de-\\ntachments, one being sent to Lawrenceburg to form a junction with General\\nHatch, who was then falling back from the Tennessee river, near Florence;\\none to Clifton, another towards Savannah, all returning and joining the\\ncommand on the 20th. On the 21st, information having been received that\\nForrest was advancing towards Lawren(;eburg, the command fell back to\\nwithin eleven miles of Mount Pleasant and went into camp. In the mean-\\ntime communication had been opened with General Hatch, and on the 23d\\na detachment of one officer and twenty-five men of the regiment was sent\\nback towards Waynesboro which met the enemy about seven miles out and\\nnear Henryville, where it kept a whole regiment in check until company B\\nwas sent forward as a re-enforcement, but before it reached there it was at-\\ntacked and driven back and the detachment cut off. It was then ascer-\\ntained that the enemy had succeeded in getting a position between General\\nHatch and the command. A battalion of this regiment was ordered to hold\\nthe road in front, while the brigade fell back three miles to the junction of\\ntlie Blount Pleasant and Lawrenceburg roads, and there threw up a barri-\\ncade and made a stand for the purpose of checking the enemy should he\\nsucceed in driving the battalion. During that time the battalion was hold-\\ning him in check, although vigorously attacked and closely pressed and,\\nafter a stubborn and gallant resistance, the enemy succeeded in throwing a\\nheavy force on its left flank and driving it back to within a short distance\\nof the barricade, where it made a determined stand, but was attacked by a\\nsuperior force, and, before it could fall back on the command, the enemy\\nhad gained its rear. The attacking force was discovered by the brigade,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "THE NINTH CAVALRY. 289\\nbut, owing to the darkness, it was supposed to be the battalion falling l)aek,\\nand therefore no efl ort was made to check it. At tliat time the balance of\\nthe 8tli Michigan was ordered to a position behind the barricade; but be-\\nfore it could be properly posted the enemy made a desj)erate charge on the\\nwhole line, and so unexpected was the attack that it threw the two other\\nregiments of the brigade into confusion, producing a perfect stampede, wlieu\\nthe 8th Michigan, Avith great coolness maintaining its position, poured a vol-\\nley into his ranks, checking his advance, then gave him a second volley,\\nwhen lie retired. In the meantime the battalion of the 8th INIichigau that\\nhad been left in front to hold him in check, and which had now been cut\\nofi from the main command, cut its way through the enemy under a heavy\\nfire and rejoined the brigade, having lost several killed and wounded.\\nAbout daylight on the morning of the 24th the pickets were again at-\\ntacked, the brigade falling back about two miles, closely followed by the\\nenemy, when he threw a heavy column on both its flanks, compelling it to\\nretreat in double-quick to Columbia, the enemy pursuing closely. On\\nreaching that point, a division of infantry, from the 23d army corps, which\\nhad just arrived there, succeeded in driving him back, and prevented the\\nwhole of General Forrest s command from dashing into the town and cap-\\nturing it. On the 25th a detachment of fifty men of the regiment was sent\\nto Hardison s Mills, on Duck river, for the purpose of crossing, to ascertain\\nif the enemy was moving in that direction, and next day the brigade was\\nordered to that point, and picketed the different fords along the river for\\nsix or eight miles. On the morning of the 28th the advance of Hood s\\narmy was discovered moving towards the fords, and about noon ho had\\ndriven in the advance pickets, and at 2 P. M. he opened fire at almost\\nevery ford, but he was kept in check until the communication with Gene-\\nral Jolinson was cut off by the enemy crossing at one of the fords east of\\nColumbia, and also on the left of the command, when the detachments at\\nthe fords were ordered back then the brigade became completely sur-\\nrounded, when one regiment (7th Ohio) succeeded in cutting its way\\nthrough the enemy, in its rear, still leaving the remaining portion of the\\nconnnand (in which was the 8th IMichigan) completely and closely sur-\\nrounded. The regiment, together with the 14th and 16th Iliinois, being\\narmed with Springfield muskets, dismounted, and with bayonets fixed,\\ncharged through the enemy in gallant style, driving over 100 rebels into\\nthe river. A detachment of 40 men of the regiment had been cut off at\\none of the lower fords, but succeeded in extricating itself with but little\\nloss. Next morning the command fell back six miles on General Hatch s\\ndivision, which had been drawn up in line of battle, to check any further\\nadvance of the enemy. On the following morning the whole cavalry force\\nfell back to near Franklin, the infantry having already evacuated Colum-\\nbia and taken position at Franklin. On the 30th the enemy made several\\nattemi)ts to drive the cavalry in, but failed. Towards evening he massed\\na strong force, and made a desperate attack, but was repulsed Avith heavy\\nloss. Next morning, December 1st, before daylight, the whole command\\nhad commenced falling back towards Nashville, and when within six miles\\nof that place the cavalry made a stand, but the enemy did not come up.\\nDuring the uight the whole cavalry force moved inside the lines at Nash-\\nville.\\nTHE NINTH CAVALRY.\\nThe capture of the notorious rebel General Morgan and the rout of his\\nforces while on his raid of robbery and plunder in Indiana and Ohio, in\\nS", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "290 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\n1863, should to a very great extent be attributed to the 9th Michigan cav-\\nalry, then commanded by Colonel James I. David, by whom it had been\\nraised and organized.\\nAfter the regiment, while in command of Lieutenant-Colonel George S.\\nAcker, had participated in the attack on IMorgan s troops, at Buffington s\\nIsland, on July 19th, acquitting itself with much distinction, a detachment\\nof the regiment, in command of INIajor W. B. Way, with a section of bat-\\ntery L, 1st I\\\\Iichigan light artillery, on July 24th, joined in pursuit of\\nMorgan s fleeing cavalry. Proceeding by cars to ]Mingo Junction, on the\\nOhio river, thence marched to La Grange and Stuebenville, overtaking\\nMorgan near Stuebenville, July 25th. The command skirmished with his\\nforces, driving him during the night, and on the following morning suc-\\nceeded in pressing him into an engagement near Salineville, which resulted,\\nafter a severe fight, in the complete defeat and rout of his command, with\\na loss of 23 killed, 44 wounded, and 305 prisoners. Morgan, flying with\\na remnant of his troops, was then chased until, meeting the forces under\\nGeneral Shackleford, he surrendered.\\nAt the beginning of November, 1863, the regiment was at Henderson\\nStation, East Tennessee, and seems to have performed a considerable\\namount of scouting during the month in that portion of the State. Its\\nDecember return notes its march towards Knoxville on the 6th, and a\\nskirmish with the enemy on Clinch Mountains on the 7th, during a march\\nof 30 miles. On the 10th, while on reconnoissance, it met the enemy two\\nmiles from Moorestown, and successfully engaged them. The 12th was\\noccupied, with its brigade, in a sharp action near Russelville. The posi-\\ntion of the regiment at Bean s Station was attacked on the 14th, and the\\ncommand fell back toward Rutledge. The next two days the regiment, in\\ncommand of Major S. Brock way, (Colonel Acker being wounded at Bean s\\nStation,) while acting as rear-guard, was engaged in constant skirmishing\\nnear Butledge. Later in the mouth it was in skirmishes at Dandredgeand\\nMossy creek. On the 16th of January following, the regiment then in\\ncommand of Major M. F. Gallagher moved from Dandredge in the direc-\\ntion of Bull s Gap, and encountered the enemy s infantry in large force at\\nKinsboro s Cross lloads. After a severe fight of about half an hour the regi-\\nment tell back on Dandredge, having lost 32 in killed, wounded, and missing.\\nIn June, 1864, this regiment was again found fighting with the notorious\\nMorgan, near Cynthiana, Ky. It appears that on June 9th, the regiment,\\nthen in command of Col. George S. Acker, Avas in camp at Nicholasville,\\nand ordered to scout as far as Bayley s Cross-roads, a distance of fourteen\\nmiles, with orders that if the enemy was found to engage him. Not finding\\nhim Col. Acker returned. On June 10th he marched to Lexington, where\\na battalion of the regiment, in command of ^lajor ^IcBride, met with a\\nportion of INIorgan s command, had a brisk skirmish, and retired. On June\\n11th the regiment marched to Paris and bivouacked for two hours after\\ndark started for Cynthiana, leading the horses the most of the way, so as\\nto make as little noise as possible. Just at daylight on the Pith the enemy\\nwas found behind rail barricades; the 11th Michigan cavalry and 12th\\nOhio cavalry were in line of battle on foot for the purpose of driving him\\nfrom tlie barricades, while the 9tli Micliigan charged the enemy on his left\\nflank in most splendid style, taking 300 {jrisoners, about 500 horses, and a\\nlarge cpuintity of siiuill arms, also a number of beef cattle. This charge\\nwas a brilliant aflair, completely routing him and driving great numbers\\nof his troops into the Licking river in much confusion, and thoroughly de-\\nmoralized.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "THE NINTH CAVALRY. 201\\nOn the 27th of November the re,t?imont moved in the direction of Waynes-\\nboix) and on the 28th was engaged, while covering tlie rear of the division,\\nh)sing two men killed and one wounded. Near Louisville, on the 29th, the\\nregiment drove two brigades of the enemy from a mill, after a slight engage-\\nment. Proceeding towards Waynesboro on the 1st, 2d, and od of Decem-\\nber, skirmishing during the night of the 2d encamped on the night of the\\n3d attacking Wheeler s cavalry on the 4th, driving them through Waynes-\\nboro in great confusion, the regiment charging with their sabres, taking\\nfour hundred prisoners, and losing two killed and five wounded, and one\\nofficer taken j^risoner. For its conduct in that gallant charge, the regiment\\nreceived special notice in the report of the commanding general to the War\\nDepartment. During the 5th and Gth the march was continued, the enemy\\nattacking the regiment vigorously on the 7tli a charge was made by the\\n2(1 battalion, in command of Major McBride, at Cypress Swamp, and after\\na severe fight, in which it lost two killed, two wounded, and five missing,\\nhe was compelled to retire. In this charge fell the gallant Captain Fred-\\nerick S. Ladd.\\nThe 9th was the only Michigan cavalry regiment having the honor of\\nmarching with General Sherman s army to the ocean, and composed the\\nescort of General Kilpatrick when he opened communication between that\\narmy and the Atlantic coast, and at the time when that important and in-\\nteresting dispatch from General Howard, of Sherman s army, dated Decem-\\nber 9, 1864, to the American fleet in St., Catherine s Sound on the coast of\\nGeorgia, reaching it on the 13th of that month, saying, We have had per-\\nfect success, and army in fine spirits.\\nOn that great campaign of General Sherman from Atlanta to the sea,\\nthe regiment, in command of Col. Acker, served with the cavalry of Gen.\\nKilpatrick. On the morning of the battle of Waynesboro Kilpatrick had\\nbroke camp at 4 A. M., and when within about two miles of Waynesboro\\nstruck the rebel General Wheeler s command. The 9th Michigan was the\\nthird regiment in column, the 92d Illinois were acting as skirmishers, and\\nthe 10th Ohio cavalry in line mounted. On reaching within about a mile\\nof the town, the enemy made a stand, when the 10th Ohio charged, but\\nwere driven back in confusion. The 9th JMichigan was then ordered to\\ncharge, and had to form while on the run from column of fours to that of\\nbattalions, driving the enemy from the field, taking 100 prisoners and a\\nlarge amount of small arms, and losing only one man killed, three wounded,\\nand five horses shot. The charge was spoken of with favorable comment\\nl)y General Kilpatrick, and the brigade commander. General S. Atkins, in\\ntheir official reports.\\nIn the Cleveland Herald, of July 27, 1863, is found a detailed account\\nof the capture of INIorgan, from which the following extract is taken\\nAt this time the utmost alarm existed among the people of Salineville.\\nThe houses were closed, doors and windows h)cked and barred, and women\\nand children stampeding into the country with whatever ])ortahle property\\ncould be carried al(mg. The men, who had weapons and courage, turned\\nout to resist the rogress of the dreaded rebel, while all the others fled with\\nthe women and children.\\nIn a short time the expected rel)els made their appearance, coming around\\na bend in the road. On catching siglit of the infantry they halted, and\\nturned their horses heads in another direction. Befire they could get out\\nof the trap they found themselves in, iNIajor Way, with 250 men of the 9th\\nMichigan cavalry, dashed among them and commenced cutting right and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "292 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nleft. The rebels made but a brief resistance a few shots were fired by them,\\nand tlien the wliole party broke in utter confusion. The scene that foHowed\\nwas almost ludicrous, and could only be matched by the previous stampede\\nat Buffington Island. Men dismounted, threw down their arms, and begged\\nfor quarter, whilst others galloped round wildly in search of a place of\\nescape, and were brought to time by a pistol shot or sabre stroke,\\nMorgan himself was riding in a carriage draAvn by two white horses.\\nMajor Way saw him, and galloping up, readied for him. Morgan jumped\\nout at the other side of the carriage, leaped over a fence, seized a horse, and\\ngalloped off as fast as horse-flesh, spurred by frightened heels, could carry\\nhim. About two hundred of his men succeeded in breaking away, and fol-\\nlowing their fugitive leader. In the buggy thus hastily evacuated by\\nMorgan Avere found his rations, consisting of a loaf of bread, some hard-\\nboiled eggs, and a bottle of whiskey.\\nA few of our cavalry were wounded, two or three seriously. Lieutenant\\nFisk was shot through the breast his wound is dangerous, and he has tele-\\ngraphed for hLs wife to come from Michigan.\\nTHE TENTH CAVALRY.\\nThe 10th cavalry was organized at Grand Rapids, under the supervision\\nof Col. F. W. Kellogg, and went to the field in Kentucky in December, 1863,\\nin command of Colonel Thaddeus Foote, first encountering the rebels at\\nHouse Mountain, Tenn., in January, 1864, subsequently at Bean s Gap,\\nMarch 26th, and at Rheatown, April 24th following, and next day a more\\nimportant engagement followed at Carter s Station, near Jonesboro, Tenn.,\\nwhen the regiment, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel L. S. Trowbridge,\\ntogether with the 3d Indiana cavalry, were sent to destroy the large rail-\\nroad bridge over the Watauga river. Colonel Trowbridge was to be sup-\\nported, if necessary, by JManson s brigade, of Cox s division, 13th corps,\\nwhich marched up as far as Jonesboro, twelve miles from Carter s Station.\\nThe ])ridge was defended by the rebel General A. E. Jackson, called\\nMudwall Jackson, with a strong force, occupying a strong redoubt, with\\nextensive and well-constructed rifle-pits. The Union force had one moun-\\ntain howitzer, commanded by Lieutenant E. J. Brooks, but owing to a very\\nlimited amount of ammunition, he was unable to accomplish much, yet\\nmade some remarkably telling shots. It was soon ascertained that there\\nwas no possible way of reaching the bridge without first dislodging the\\nenemy from their strong position, and this had to be accomplished at much\\nrisk by passing over perfectly open ground for a distance of two hundred\\nyards, swept by a very sharp and hot cross-fire from the opposite side of\\nthe river. Yet, being the first heavy undertaking of the regiment. Colonel\\nTrowbridge felt unwilling to retire without accomplishing something, as it\\nwould produce an unfavorable effect upon his command. He therefore de-\\ncided to make an attempt, dismounting about one-third of his men. With\\nthis small force he ordered an advance upon the enemy s position at double-\\nquick, when they gave way in great disorder, leaving their works and\\ntaking shelter in a large mill near at hand. Major Israel C. Smith being the\\nfirst man to enter the redoubt and Captain Benjamin K. Weatherwax the\\nsecond. As soon as the redoubt was gained, an attempt was made to drive\\nthe enemy out of the mill, but the charging force was met with such a ter-\\nrible and destructive volley that it was abandoned. In this daring and\\ngallant attempt Captain Weatherwax lost his life, being shot through the\\nheart. Colonel Trowbridge, in a special report of the affair, says of hira", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "THE TENTH CAVALRY. 293\\nThus was lost to us one of the most gallant and worthy officers whom I\\nhave ever met. Full of noble and generous sympathy, the loftiest })a-\\ntriotism, with that courage which knows no fear, his loss was most deeply\\nfelt by the entire regiment. The fight was a brilliant success, though\\nobtained at a loss of seventeen killed and wounded, and must be recognized\\nas an uncommon victory, considering it was gained by dismounted cavalry,\\nnew and undisciplined, over a much superior force ot* well-trained infantry,\\nholding strong defensive works, and having, in addition, to meet a most\\ngalling cross-fire of the enemy, thus rendering the success uncommon at\\nthat stage of the rebellion, and should be classed among the most gallant\\nminor victories of the war.\\nThis regiment was stationed at Strawberry Plains, in East Tennessee,\\nNovember 1, 1864, engaged in fortifying that point and in the usual routine\\nof camp duty and occasional scouting. On the 16th General Breckinridge,\\nwith a large rebel force, made his appearance in front of the garrison, and\\non the 17th commenced a vigorous attack with artillery from the opposite\\nside of the Holston river, and at the same time threatening it in the rear\\nwith a heavy cavalry force. Constant skirmishing and occasional artillery\\nfiring was kept up for four days, the enemy being repulsed on the 24th,\\nwhen he withdrew. During the remaining portion of the month, and up to\\nDecember 6th, the regiment was employed in constructing fortifications at\\nthat point, when, on the receipt of orders, it marched to Knoxville, and\\nsoon after made an expedition to Baltville, Va., and destroyed the salt\\nworks at that point, being engaged with the enemy at Kingsport, December\\n12th at Bristol, December 14th, and at Saltville, December 20th. Re-\\nturning to Knoxville, it had a skirmish atChucky Bend, January 10, 1865.\\nRemaining at Knoxville until March 21st, the brigade to which it was\\nattached marched to Upper East Tennessee, under command of Brevet\\nBrigadier-General Palmer. Joining the expedition under General Stone-\\nman, in his raid into North Carolina, the regiment was engaged with the\\nenemy at Brabson s Mills on the 25th, and at Boonville, N. C, on the\\n27th. Proceeding, via AVilkesboro, and thence down to Yadkin river, in\\nthe direction of Salisbuiy, reaching the Tennessee and Virginia railroad at\\nChristiansburg, April 5th, it assisted in destroying over one hundred miles\\nof that railroad, together with the bridges. This accomplished, the regi-\\nment made a ra{)id march of ninety-five miles to Plenry Court-house,\\nmaking the distance in twenty-two hours. At that point it became engaged\\nwith a superior force of the enemy s cavalry and infantry on the 8lh,\\nwhich, after a brisk fight, retired, the regiment losing in the affair Lieu-\\ntenant Kenyon and three men killed, and one officer and three men severely\\nwounded, the loss of the enemy not being ascertained.\\nThe regiment, in command of Colonel Trowbridge, had been detached at\\nSalem, on the 10th, and sent to destroy the bridge over Abbott s creek, and\\nthen, if not opposed, to join General Stoneman at Salisbury. The 10th\\nmarched all night; one battalion, in command of Captain James H. Cum-\\nmins, was sent to High Point to attract the enemy in that direction, and\\nsucceeded in destroying over $300,000 worth of rebel stores without loss.\\nMeanwhile, the other two battalions, not numbering more than 250 men,\\nwere marching in an opposite direction. It was important to destroy the\\nbridge before daylight, and on being informed that there was no enemy\\nnear, the colonel sent forward tw^o companies in command of Capt. Roberts\\nfor that purpose. While the remaining force was moving leisurely along, and\\nas daylight was breaking, it suddenly came upon the pickets of the enemy,\\nwhen it was ascertained that Ferguson s brigade of Wheeler s cavalry, uum-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "294 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nbering 1200 men, were about a mile ahead. The horses of the command\\nwere much worn out and jaded, and the force only about one-sixth that of\\nthe enemy, and twenty miles from any support, rendering a contest ex-\\ntremely hazardous and almost without hope of success and as General\\nStoneman was then expected to be at work at Salisbury, and needed assist-\\nance, it was im2:)ortant to draw off the force for that purpose if possible, and\\nit was therefore determined to fall back as soon as the two detached com-\\npanies of Captain Roberts had returned. In order to await for them the\\ncommand was put in position for defence. Colonel TrowJjridge determined\\nin case of attack to make the best ffght possible. Soon Captain Roberts\\nreturned, and reported that he had slipped past the enemy, and had de-\\nstroyed the bridge as directed. The chief object of the movement having\\nbeen accomplished, the command commenced to retire by alternate squad-\\nrons, leaving Cai)tain Dunn, with his plucky company, to hold the rebels\\nin check until the command could get properly started. As soon as the\\nmovement was discovei-ed, the enemy attacked with great vigor, not only\\nwith a superior force of cavalry, but with a large body of infantry, sending\\na column upon each flank, making an attempt to surround this little band,\\nand rendering it necessary to fall back by squadrons as rapidly as practi-\\ncable. Each squadron, after holding a position as long as possible, wheeled\\ninto column and trotted back, and took up another position, fighting most\\ngallantly in defence of each. This fight lasted for six miles, when the ene-\\nmy, despairing of closing in upon this handful of brave men, and disheart-\\nened by their losses, which had been considerable, stopped their pursuit, and\\nColonel Trowbridge, with his plucky comrades were permitted to retire and\\nrejoin the main command.\\nStrange as it may appear, after such hard and disadvantageous fighting,\\nhis loss was only two taken prisoners, Avhile that of the enemy, judging from\\nreports in rebel newspapers, and from other sources, especially from the\\nstatements of Colonel AVheelcr of General Wheeler s corps, must have been\\nfrom 50 to 75 in killed, besides a large number wounded.\\nThis was a most remarkable fight, and shows what can be done with\\nbrave men commanded by cool and gallant officers.\\nAnother instance, among the many, showing the stubborn fighting of this\\ngallant and patriotic regiment, occurred August 24, 1864, at Strawberry\\nPlains, East Tennessee, Avhere Major Standish, with 125 men of his regi-\\nment, and Colvin s Illinois battery, repulsed in most splendid style an attack\\nof Wheeler s cavalry corps, six thousand strong, with nine ])ieces of artil-\\nlery.\\nDuring this attack, seven of Standish s men by hard fighting held MclNIil-\\nlan s Ford, on the Holston river, for three and a half hours against a\\nbrigade of rebel cavalry, killing forty or fifty of them, but were finally sur-\\nrounded and captured.\\nColonel Trowbridge furnishes the following incident connected with the\\nrepulse of Wheeler at Strawberry Plains, on August 24, l s64:\\nEight men were sent to guard iNIcISIillan s Ford, on the Holston one\\nof them went oflTon his own hook, so that seven were left. One of them was\\na larg( powerful fellow, the farrier of company B, by the name of Alexan-\\nder II. Griggs, supposed to belong to Greenfield, AVayne C( unty. These\\nseven men actually kept back a rebel l)rigade from crossing that ford for\\nthree and a half hours by desperate fighting, killing forty or fifty. During\\nthe fight this big farrier was badly wounded in the shoulder, ar.d the rebels,\\nby swinuniiig the river above and below the ford, succeeded in capturing\\nthe whole party.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "THE TENTH CAVALRY. 295\\nGeneral Wheeler was much astonished at the valor of these men, and\\nat once paroled a man to stay and take care of this wounded man. Ap-\\nproaching the wounded farrier, the following dialogue is said to have taken\\nplace\\nGeneral Wheeler. Well, my man, how many men had you at the ford?\\nU9^- Seven, sir.\\nWheeler. IMy poor fellow, don t you know that you are badly wounded?\\nYou might as well tell me the truth you may not live long.\\nGriggs, (indignantly.) 1 am telling the truth, sir. We had only seven\\nmen.\\nWheeler, (laughing.) Well, what did you expect to do?\\nGriggs. To keep you from crossing, sir.\\nWheeler, (greatly amused, and laughing.) Well, why didn t you do it?\\nGriggs. Why, you see, we did until you hit me, a)id that weakened our\\nforces so viuch that you xeere too muehfor us.\\nWheeler was greatly amused, and inquired of another prisoner, (who\\nhappened to be a horse farrier too,) Are all the 10th IMichigan like you\\nfellows? Oh, no! said tiie man, we are the poorest of the lot. We are\\nmostly horse farriers and blacksmiths, and not much accustomed to fight-\\ning. Well, said Wheeler, if I had 300 such men as you I could march\\nstraight tlirough h 1.\\nCol. Trowbridge, in a recent report, says of the engagement at Strawberry\\nPlains, November 16, 1864:\\nIn November, 1864, I had a sharp fight at Strawberry Plains, East Ten-\\nnessee, with Breckinridge. I had 700 men, some of them indifi erently arm-\\ned, and many of them very indifierent soldiers, made up of stragglers from\\na dozen difiereut commands. Breckinridge had 5,00() men, among them\\nJohn B. Palmer, formerly of Detroit, who commanded the artillery and in-\\nfantry, and ranked as a brigadier-general in the rebel army. I had a sec-\\ntion of Wood s Illinois battery, and Brec-kinridge had nine or ten pieces of\\nartillery. We had a brisk fight, and by good fighting and a show of bold-\\nness Breckinridge was repulsed. I think some credit was due the men un-\\nder my command for the manner in which they acquitted themselves, as well\\nas to myself as their commanding officer; but, strange to say, next day the\\ntelegraph announced to the country that General Ammen had repulsed\\nBreckinridge at Strawberry Plains after a hard fight. General Anuuen\\nwas then the district and division commander, and was then at his head-\\nquarters in Knoxville. I had never communicated with him on the sub-\\nject, and he could have known no more about the fight than a man at the\\ntime in Sitka.\\nThe following is furnished by Col. Trowbridge\\nWhen General Sttmeman went to capture Salisbury, N. C, in 186 he\\nmet the enemy at a little stream a few miles from town. The stream had\\nvery high and precipitous banks and coujd not be forded. The only way\\nto cross it was by a narrow bridge, whi(!h was effectually commanded by the\\nenemy s artillery. After trying for son\\\\e time to get them out of their posi-\\ntion with his artillery without success, Stoneman called to him ]Major Smith,\\nof the 10th, and said: IMajor, I Avant you to take twenty men, armed with\\nthe Spencer carbines, and cross this creek and fiank those fellows out there.\\nSmith tiKtk his twenty men, and, crossing the creek on a log out of sight of\\nthe enemy, steadily approached and fired a volley into their fiank, when the\\nwhole force broke in the greatest confusion. Stacy, with his Tennessee cav-\\nalry, was on them in an instant, and the fight was over. Results 19 pieces\\nof artillery, 1,100 prisoners, and supplies enough for an army of 100,000", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "296 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURLNG THE REBELLION.\\nmen. This exploit of Major Smith and his gallant little band was as daring\\nas it proved successful.\\nOne of the most gallant things of the war occurred in East Tennessee\\nat the time when Wheeler made his raid through there in August, 1864.\\nMajor Smith, of the 10th, was sent out from Knoxville with seventy-two\\nmen, all the mounted force that could be mustered, to scout in the direction\\nof Strawberry Plains and ascertain the position of the enemy. With the\\ntrue spirit of a cavalry man, he ordered his advance guard to charge the\\nfirst party (jf rebels they should see. They discovered the enemy two and\\na half miles from Flat Creek Bridge, and, according to orders, charged\\nthem in gallant style. Smith followed up with his command. The enemy\\nproved to be the 8th Texas cavalry, 400 strong. Smith routed them com-\\npletely, captured their commanding officer, a lieutenant colonel, and thirty\\nor forty prisoners, and was hotly pursuing them at a full gallop wlien he\\ncame to Flat Creek Bridge a long, high, and narrow bridge. Over this\\nSmith charged, to find himself confronted by Humes division of rebel cav-\\nalry, 2,000 strong, drawn up in line of battle, scarcely three hundred yards\\nfrom the bridge. Of course he had to get away, which he succeeded in do-\\ning without any very great loss, though the enemy charged him for seven\\nmiles. The boldness of the thing annoyed the rebels not a little, and they\\never after entertained a wholesome fear of the 10th j\\\\Iichigan cavalry.\\nIn the summer of 1864 I was ordered to go up near the Virginia line to\\ncapture a large number of horses that were said to be in pasture. It was\\nnot expected that I would meet the enemy before I reached Kingsport, but\\nunfortunately for the success of my enterprise I met them at Bean s Station.\\nI at once ordered Capt. Roberts, with two companies, to charge them. One\\nof the companies was connuanded by Lieut, afterwards Captain Brooks.\\nBrooks was smarting under some ill treatment from a superior officer, and\\ninimediately dashed forward with his company. After routing the rebels\\nhandsomely and charging them for a couple of miles, Capt. Roberts wisely\\nordered a halt. But Brooks had gone ahead with a few men, and actually\\nkept up that charge with three men with him for a distance often miles and\\na half Captain Brooks was afterwards rewarded lor his gallantry by the\\nbrevets of major and lieutenant colonel.\\nTHE ELEVENTH CAVALRY.\\nOn the 10th of December, 1863, the 11th cavalry, which Colonel F. W.\\nKellogg had been authorized to raise, left Michigan for Kentucky, in com-\\nmand of Colonel S. B. Brown, of St. Clair, who had recruited and organized\\nthe regiment. After its arrival in Kentucky it was employed in protecting\\nthe eastern district of that State from incursions of parties of tliieving rebels\\nfnjni Virginia, perf)rming avast amount of service, and iil\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^^t met thi enemy\\nat Pound Gap on ^lay 17th, 1864. Out of the many battles and skirmishes\\nin which this regiment [)artieipated with much credit, none, it is deemed,\\nappear to have proved the sterling bravery and efficiency of this j)attern\\noavahy regiment than the important battles of Saltville, Va., October 2d,\\n1864, and Marion, Va., December 17th of the same year, as they will un-\\ndoubtedly be considered by the regiment and those familiar with its history\\nas among its principal engagements.\\nIn August of that year the regiment was at Camp Burnside, on the Cum-\\nberland river. On the 17th of September following it was ordered to INIount\\nSterling, Ky., and thence engaged with its division, in conmiand of Gen.\\nBurbridge, in a raid to Saltville, Va. Encountering the enemy at IMcCor-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "THE ELEVENTH CAVALRY. 297\\nnick s Farm, Ky., on the 23d, and then at Laurel Mountain, Va., on the\\n29th, and at Bowen s Farm on the 30th and October 1st. Having expe-\\nrienced a long and hazardous march, through a rocky, barren country, and\\nbeing in the advance, skirmished daily with the enemy, who contested every\\nfoot of the ground with much vigor and persistence, the command of Gen.\\nBurbridge, on the morning of the 2d, came upon the enemy s works at Salt-\\nville, defended by the troops of Breckinridge, Echols, and Williams, num-\\nbering about 22,000, including 7,000 militia. The whole of Burhridge s\\ncommand, numbering less than 4,000 cfiective men, were ordered to move\\non the enemy s works a different point of attack being assigned to each\\nbrigade. The nature of the ground and the fact that the enemy greatly\\noutnumbered the Union troops, and being behind strong embankments de-\\nfended with twenty pieces of artillery, rendered the undertaking a very\\nhazardous and desperate one. The brigade commanded and led by Col.\\nBrown, and to which the 11th cavalry, then in command of Lieut. Colonel\\nMason, were attached, carried the main work in most brilliant style, and\\nwere the only trooj)S that effected a lodgment within the defences. The fact\\nthat the 11th cavalry alone lost eighty -six in killed, Avounded, and missing,\\nmore men than were lost by any other brigade of the command, proved con-\\nclusively that the success of the troops under Brown was not the result of\\nlack of courage or of determined and desperate fighting on the part of their\\nopponents, but was a result of their own gallant and persistent fighting.\\nThe rebel position proving too strong td be held, the command, after most\\nstubborn fighting, was withdrawn, but not until all its ammunition had been\\nexpended. On the retreat the 11th constituted the rear guard, and next\\nday skirmished with the enemy s advance, and the day following the battle\\nwas renewed near Sandy Mountain, where the regiment became cut off from\\nthe division and sun-ounded by a body of cavalry numbering about 4,000,\\nunder Cerro Gordo AVilliams. After a very sanguinary conflict of over\\nan hour, the enemy closing in upon the regiment. Col. Mason determined on\\nfight before surrender, gallantly led the regiment to the charge, and suc-\\nceeded, after a bloody hand-to-hand encounter, in cutting through the rebel\\nlines, punishing the enemy so severely that he abandoned any pursuit. This\\nbrilliant affair was not accomplished without loss, which included the gal-\\nlant jNIason, a noble soldier he was mortally wounded in the charge and\\ndied next day.\\nLong and numerous marches and almost continuous battles and skirmishes\\nfollowed the engagements at Saltville and Sandy Mountain, the regiment\\nacquitting itself creditably on all occasions.\\nOn December 4, 1804, it was at Bean Station, East Tennessee, and on\\nthe 11th, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles E. Smith, moved with\\nthe force of General Stoneman on his raid into North Carolina, and after\\na long march and mucli fighting at various points, the command reached\\nMarion, Va., on the 17th, when a detachment of the 11th, then f rniing a\\n])art of the brigade of Colonel Brown, coming upon the enemy under\\nBreckinridge, charged his cavalry and opened the engagement, which con-\\ntinued with much vigorous fighting f )r thirty-six hours, during which re-\\npeated and daring charges were made by both sides, and the enemy, after\\nthe most determined fighting, fell back in disorder across the mountains\\ninto North Carolina. A detachment of the 11th Michigan, numbering one\\nhundred and twenty officers and men, under the command of Captain E.\\nC. Miles, held a bridge during the whole engagement which was of much\\nimportance, being the key to the position held by the LTnion troops.\\nCaptain George B. Mason, while gallantly attempting to reinforce Captain\\nS*", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "298 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nMiles with a squadron of the regiment, was mortally wounded. The bridge\\nwas stubbornly held under a severe fire from a heavy force on the opposite\\nside of the river, and, in addition to the loss of Captain Mason, Lieutenant\\nDavis and five enlisted men nobly fell in its defence. For this important\\nservice, the detachment of Captain Miles received the highest praise from\\nGeneral Stoneman, and the regiment was thanked in the general orders of\\nthe department commander for its meritorious and valuable services in the\\nbattle of Marion.\\nOn the 19th of January, 1865, the regiment being stationed at Lexing-\\nton, Ky., moved to Mount Sterling, and. was engaged in scouting the\\neastern portion of Kentucky. On February 23d it started to join General\\nStoueman s command at Knoxville, reaching there, via Louisville, Ky.,\\nand Nashville, Tenn., March 15th, when it was assigned to 2d brigade, and\\nformed part of the force on Stoueman s expedition through East Tennessee,\\nNorth and South Carolina, and Georgia. The command left Knoxville,\\nMarch 17th, and passed through Boon, N. C, on the 27th, crossed the\\nYadkin river on the 30th, passing through Mount Airy on the 31st, Hills-\\ndale, April 1st, and arrived at Christiansburg April 3d, where it destroyed\\na portion of the East Tennessee railroad, and passing through Danbury,\\nApril 9th, Germantown, April 10th, and arriving at Salisbury, April 12th,\\nit engaged a superior force of the enemy, and captured 1,800 prisoners, 22\\npieces of artillery, and destroyed a large amount of property, and also the\\nrailroads and telegraph lines leading from that point. In this engagement\\nCaptain John Edwards was killed. From Salisbury the command marched\\nvia Taylorsville on the 14th, passing Lenoir Station on the 15th, and was\\nengaged at Morgantovvn on the 17th. On the 19th it proceeded to Swan-\\nanoa Gap, and passing through Rutherford ton on the 20th, Hendersouville\\non the 23d, arriving at Ashville on the 26th, taking at that pohit two hun-\\ndred prisoners, and capturing a large amount of property, including artil-\\nlery. Passing again through Hendersonville on the 27th, the command\\nentered South Carolina, via Saluda Gap and Csesar s Head, arriving at\\nAnderson Court-house May 1st. It destroyed the remnant of the rebel\\ntreasury, then moved to Carnesville, Ga., on the 3d, and to Athens on the\\n4th, and on the 11th captured the cavalry escort of Jefferson Davis near\\nWashington, moving to Hartwell on the 13th, the command guarding the\\ncrossing points of the Tugaloo and Savannah rivers. On the 22d, crossing\\nthe Savannah river, reached Maxwell s Farm, S. C. on the 23d, Green-\\nville, and on the 25th, Ashville, N. C, and Greenville, Tenn., on the 27th\\nStrawberry Plains on the 29th, Knoxville on June 3d, and arrived at Le-\\nnoir Station June 4th, and encamped until the 24lli, when the regiment\\nmoved by rail to Pulaski, and on the 20th of July it was consolidated with\\nthe 8th Michigan cavalry.\\nTHE MERRILL HORSE CAVALRY.\\nIn September, 1861, two companies of cavalry were raised respectively\\nby Captain James B. Mason and Captain Jabez H. Rogers, at Battle\\nCreek, and in January, 1863, another company was recruited by Captain\\nAlmon K. Preston, of the same place. These companies wore (iosignatcd\\nas companies II, I, and L of the regiment known as the Merrill Horse,\\na jNlissouri organization, and served during the whole term of the service\\nwith the Western armies. It is known to have been actively engaged, and\\nto have seen much service in the field during the period covered by this\\nreport, but the returns of these companies are very meagre in the details", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "THE MERRILL HORSE CAVALRY\u00e2\u0080\u0094 THE LIGHT ARTILLERY. 299\\nof their operations, consequently it has been impossible to give a full and\\nsatisfactory sketch of their movements and services.\\nIt has been ascertained that they were in engagements and skirmishes as\\nfollows: Memphis, Mo., July 18, 1862; Moor s Mill, Mo., July 28, 1802;\\nKirsvillc, Mo., August G, 1862 Brownsville, Ark., August 25, 1803\\nBayou ]\\\\Iecoe, Ark., August 27, 1805 Ashley s Bayou, Ark., September 7,\\n1803 Little Rock, Ark., September 10, 1803 Benton, Ark., September\\n11, 1803 Princeton, Ark., December 8, 1803 Little Missouri lliver,\\nArk., April 3, 4, 1804 Prairie Dehan, Ark., April 12, 13, 14, 1864 Cam-\\nden, Ark., April 15, 1804; Jenkins Ferry, Ark., April 29, 30, 1804;\\nFranklin, Mo., October 1, 1864 Otterville, Mo., October 10, 1864 Inde-\\npendence, Mo., October 22, 1804 Big Blue, Mo., October 23, 1804 Tren-\\nton Gap, Ga., :March 22, 1865 Alpine, Ga., March 24, 1805 Summer-\\nville, Ga., March 25, 1805.\\nOn May 1, 1805, they were at Resaca. On the 9th left for Kingston,\\narriving there same day, and on the 20th started with the regiment f )r\\nAtlanta as an escort to a supply train, arriving at that point on the 23d,\\nand were then ordei ed to return with the train loaded with cotton to Chat-\\ntanooga. On September 21st following they were mustered out of service\\nat Nashville, and soon thereafter paid oif and disbanded. They were\\nknown as Michigan companies, and their officers were commissioned by the\\nGovernor of the State.\\nTHE LIGHT ARTILLERY.\\nThe regiment of Michigan light artillery was composed of twelve six-gun\\nbatteries. It Avas commanded by Colonel C. O. Loomis but, from the\\ncharacter of that arm of the service, the batteries were never brought to-\\ngether as a regiment.\\nBattery A, originally designated Loomis s, left the State under conunand\\nof Colonel Loomis, on July 1, 1801, for the field in Western Virginia; and\\nat Rich IMountain, in July following, while serving with General McClel-\\nlan, first engaged the enemy, and thus early in the war gave the rebels a\\ntaste of its pluck.\\nPassing through the Western Virginia campaign, it was transferred to\\nKentucky, and was in advance in the route of the rebels from Bowling\\nGreen.\\nAt the battle of Perryville it played an important part, saving by its\\ngallant and effective service the right wing of the Union army from being\\nflanked.\\nFighting through many other battles, where its vigorous action, stubborn\\npluck, and brilliant dash gave it an enviable reputation throughout the\\nwhole army, it is found hotly engaged during the memorable days and\\nnights of hard and desi)erate fighting in the bloody battle of Stone River,\\nwhere it lost heavily, but achieved a most noted distinctitm, second to no\\nbattery in the service, and the history of the times will bear witness to its\\nnoted fame in the ages that shall follow.\\nFrom the annals of the Army of the Cumberland, we take the following\\nextract\\nDuring the battle of Friday, at Stone River, General Rousseau rode up\\nto Loomis s battery, and saw thei e a youth of the battery holding horses,\\nand in the midst of a very tempest of shot and shell. He was so uncon-\\nscious of fear, and so elated and excited, that, being debarred from better\\noccupation than holding horses, his high spirits found vent in shouting out", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "300 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nsonjTS aijcl dancing to the music. The General was so well pleased with his\\nwhole deportment, that he rode up to him and said Well done, lAy brave\\nboy let me shake hands with you. A few days after the fight, General\\nKousseau visited the camp of the battery, and mentioning the circumstance\\nto the commanding officer, expressed a desire to see the youth again. Step\\nout, Mclntire, said the officer. The youth came forward, blushing deeply.\\nThe General again commended his conduct, and said I shook hands with\\nyou on the battle-field, and now I wish to do it again in the presence of your\\nbrother soldiers. May you carry the same brave spirit through the war,\\nand come out safely at last, as you are sure to come out honorably. The\\nGeneral again sliook his hand warmly in the presence of his officers and of\\nhis companions.\\nThe gallant services of this battery and Guenther s, fighting by its side,\\nwere conspicuous, demanding the attention of the general officers, while\\nGeneral Rousseau, specially noticing them in his report, says\\nAs the enemy emerged from the woods in great force, shouting and cheer-\\ning, the batteries of Loomis and Guenther, double-shotted with canister,\\nopened upon them. They moved straight ahead for a while but were\\nfinally driven back with immense loss. In a little while they rallied again,\\nand, as it seemed, with fresh troops again assailed our position, and were\\nagain, after a fierce struggle, driven back.\\nThis high compliment to their fighting qualities is strongly endorsed in\\nthe Rebellion Record, by Mr. Greeley, who says\\nAfter debouching from cedars, Loomis and Guenther could find no good\\nposition for their batteries, and the whole line fell back under severe fight-\\ning, the left wing flat upon tlie ground, the right covered by a crest. The\\ntwo batteries now swiftly wheeled into favorable positions and poured double-\\nshotted canister into the enemy. The 23d Arkansas was literally swept\\naway by their devouring fire. Loomis and Guenther were wild with delight\\nat their success. The baffled enemy came no farther. The field was red\\nwith the blood of their slain.\\nAt Chicamauga, September 19th and 20th, the record is nobly main-\\ntained and gloriously almost ended. There, sooner than abandon its posi-\\ntion, it suffered nearly annihilation making one of the most determined\\ndefences on record dealing to the rebel hosts, pressing up in nuisses to the\\nmuzzle of the guns, utter destruction within its entire range; but finally had\\nto surrender the guns so dearly prized, Lieut. Van Pelt, its conimander,\\nfighting most heroically for their preservation, and dying by their side.\\nMr. Greeley, in noticing this great struggle on the 19th, says\\nIt was now 9 A. M., and while Baird and ]5rannan were making the\\nrequired movements, Palmer s division, of Crittenden s corps, came uj) and\\ntook position on Baird s right. By 10 A. M. Croxton s brigade, of Bran-\\nnan s division, had become engaged, driving back Forrest s cavalry, when\\nEctor s and Wilson s infantry brigades were sent in by Walker to ^)r rest s\\nsupport. Croxton, of course, was brought to a dead halt but now Thomas\\nsent up Baird s division, and the rebel brigades were hurled back badly\\ncut up. Hereupon, Walker in turn sent up Liddell s division, making the\\nodds against us two to one, when Baird was in turn driven the rebels\\ncharging through the lines of the 14th. 10th, and 18th U.S. regulars, taking\\ntwo batteries.\\nOne of the batteries here lost was the 1st Michigan, formerly Loomis s,\\nregarded by the whole army with pride, and by those who served in it with\\nan aflection little short of idolatry. It had done yeoman service on many a\\nhard-fought field, and was fondly regarded as well nigh invincible. But", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "THE LIGHT ARTILLERY. 301\\nnow abandoned by its supports, wlio recoiled before a rebel charge in over-\\nwhelming force, with all its horses shot, and most of its men killed and\\nwounded, it could not be drawn off, and was doomed to be lost. Its com-\\nmander, Lieut. Van Pelt, refused to leave it, and died, sword in hand, fight-\\ning\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one against a thousand by the side of his guns.\\nBattery Ji went to the field from Grand Kapids about the latter part of\\n1801, in command of Capt. W. S. Bliss, and was in the desperate fight at\\nPittsburg Landing, and while heavily engaged became cut off from its in-\\nfantry supports by the enemy s cavalry, losing four of its guns and having\\nsixty of its officers and men taken as prisoners. The battery was reoi-gan-\\nized after the exchange of officers and men taken at Pittsburg Landing, and\\npassed through much hard and useful service and many severe engage-\\nments, including the defence of Corinth by Gen. Rosccransin 1862. It was\\nwith the army while advancing on Atlanta in 1864, and engaged the enemy\\nat E.esaca on the 14th, 15th, and 16th of ^Lay, where Lieut. Wright was\\nseverely wounded. It was also engaged at Lay s Ferry, Calhoun Ferry,\\nRome Cross-roads, and Cave Springs, Georgia, and at Turkey Ridge, Ala-\\nbama.\\nOn November loth it commenced the memorable march with General\\nSherman s army from Atlanta, and on the 22d following engaged the enemy\\nat Griswold, near Macon, doing excellent service, distinguishing itself by\\nsteady, rapid, and precise firing, doing nuich execution. In this engage-\\nment the brigade to which it was attached, numbering only about 1,500,\\ndefeated the enemy in very superior force, killing, wounding, and taking\\nprisoners from 1,500 to 2,000, the brigade losing only about eighty. Tlie\\nloss of the battery was seven wounded, including its commander, Capt. A.\\nF. R. Arndt two of the enlisted men losing each a leg and one an arm.\\nIn this engagement the battery behaved most gallantly, and fought until the\\nlast round of ammunition was expended, all the horses of one gun killed,\\nand only saved the piece by drawing it from the field by the prolong.\\nLieut. Bliss, of this battery, was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh,\\nTennessee, April 6, 1862, and was sent to Montgomery, Ala., where he was\\nmurdered by a rebel sentinel May 1st, 1862, under the following circuni-\\nstances Lieut. Bliss had permission to go to a house near the prison and\\npurchase milk for the convalescent officers in the prison on one of these\\nerrands, accompanied by a sentinel and while waiting for the canteens to\\nbe filled by the woman of the house, he was ordered l)y the rebel sentinel to\\nHurry up. Bliss replied, Yes, as soon as I can get my canteens. The\\nsentinel cocked his musket and placed the muzzle against Lieut. Bliss s\\nbreast. Bliss said, I hope you will not shoot me. The sentinel replied,\\nYes, I will, you damned Yankee; and at the same moment fired. Bliss\\nfell to the ground and never spoke again he lived about three-quarters of\\nan hour after being shot. So far as is known no action was taken by the\\nrebel authorities in the matter.\\nThis statement regarding his death was given by the woman of the house\\nwhere it occurred and who was an eye-witness of the nmrder. The woman\\nwas obliged soon after to flee North to save her own life, she having shown\\nmany acts of kindness to the Union troops who were prisoners of war at\\nthat place.\\nBattery C first met the rebels at the siege of Corinth, Mississippi, in ]\\\\Iay.\\n1862. On September 16th following the battery, in command of Capt. A.\\nW. Dees, was sent from Burusville on a reconnoissance towards luka. Miss.,\\nmade by the 2d brigade, 2d division. Army of the Mississippi. About six\\nmiles from that place the command was met by the enemy s pickets, which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "302 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nwere driven in, and the force advanced. The line of battle was formed on\\na hill commanding the country fon about a mile. Two of the guns of the\\nbattery (10-pounder Parrott and 10-pounder howitzer) were placed on the\\nbrow of the hill, throwing shot and shell. The other two guns of the battery\\nwere soon after into position, and the firing continued fjr about fifteen\\nminutes. The force advanced through an open field below the hill, and,\\nreaching the wood on the other side, turned to the right, when the infantry\\nand cavalry advanced and opened fire on the enemy. The firing was brisk\\non both sides for a short time, when a retreat was ordered, the battery cov-\\nering. On falling back to the hill before-mentioned a halt was made, the\\nbattery reopened fire, and shelled in several directions. On the advance\\nof the skirmishers toward a wood about a mile distant the enemy opened a\\nbrisk fire from the edge of the wood, when the battery again opened fire\\nfrom a 10-pounder Parrott, shelling the enemy with such good effect that\\nhe very soon left the wood. Soon night came on and the firing ceased.\\nOn the morning of the 3d October, 1862, the battery, in command of\\nLieut. George Robinson, with a section of the 8th Wisconsin battery, all\\nbeing under the command of Lieut. C. A. Lamberg, of battery C, mai ched\\nfrom a point on the Kossuth road, four miles from Corinth, with the 1st\\nbrigade, 2d division. Army of Mississippi, towards Corinth, and took a po-\\nsition southwest of the town. On the morning of the 4th, the battery was\\nstationed on the north of the JNIemphis and Charleston Railroad Depot.\\nAbout 4 A. M. the enemy commenced shelling the town, throwing several\\nshells into the battery, but without effect. The battery was placed in posi-\\ntion a short distance to the right, and afterwards in rear of General Rose-\\ncrans headquarters, with an diio battery on its right seeing the enemy s\\nskirmishers in front, firing was commenced on them about 8 A. M., when\\nthey disappeared. Later in the day a large force of the enemy appeared,\\nadvancing on the right and front of the battery, when it again opened fire,\\ndriving tlicm back into the woods. They soon advanced in greater f )rce,\\nwhen the guns were double-shotted with canister, and a rapid fire was opened\\nwith good effect for about an hour, but the enemy continued to advance.\\nThe infantry on the right of the Ohio battery broke, when it limbered up\\nand retired, leaving the right flank of the Michigan battery exposed and\\nwithout support. The enemy being within twenty yards of the guns, and\\nunable to maintain the position, it limbered to the rear and moved to the\\nsouth side of the IMemphis and Charleston railroad, and from there to the\\nrear of General Rosecrans headquarters, when the firing ceased; the enemy\\nbeing driven back at all points in a very demoralized condition. During\\nthe engagement the battery lost eleven in wounded and missing, and had\\nsix horses killed and eight wounded.\\nOn this occasion it acquired a high reputation for eflRciency and bravery\\nand as a serviceable and reliable battery.\\nThe battery, in command of Capt. George Robinson, served on the At-\\nlanta campaign with much enviable reputation, and participated in the siege\\nof that stronghold. After its fall it followed Sherman to the sea, and among\\nother battles on that great campaign was hotly engaged at the South Edisto,\\nS. C, on February 9th, 1865, acquiring much distinction and losing several\\nkilled and wounded.\\nliattory D, on leaving the State in 1861, proceeded to Kentucky, and first\\nencountered the rebels, damaging them much at Hoover s Gap, Tennessee,\\non the 20111 of June, 1862, when Rosecrans was advancing on Tullahoma\\nand Chattanooga.\\nIt eeems from the record of this battery that its most prominent fight wa\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "THE LIGHT ARTILLERY. 303\\nat the great battle of Chicaraauga on the 19th and 20th September, 18G3,\\nwhere, in command ofCapt. J. W. Church, it became closely and holly en-\\ngaged, behaving in splendid style, but losing heavily, having nine wounded\\nand three missing among the wounded was its commander.\\nIt was also in the assault on ]\\\\Iission Ilidge Novend)er 25th following.\\nOn the preceding day the battery aided in covering Hooker s advance up\\nLookout ]\\\\Iountain. On both of these occasions it proved a serviceable bat-\\ntery, and its sj)lendid firing and valuable services attracted much attention.\\nBattery E, raised and organized, in connection with the regiment of\\nengineers and mechanics, by Captain John J. Dennis, left the IState in\\n18(31, going into the held witli the Western army, was attached to General\\nCrittenden s command at the battle of I ittsburg Landing, and there first\\nmet the rebels, in 18G4 it accompanied General Rousseau on a raid into\\nAlabama and Georgia, and was engaged at the battles of Coosa and Che-\\nraw, Alabama.\\nThe battery participated with much credit in the gallant defence of\\nNashville by General Thomas, in December, 18G4, gaining an enviable\\nreputation in that important afiair.\\nThe first station of batteiy F in the field was at West Point, Ky., where,\\nunder command of Captain John S. Andrews, who raised and organized\\nthe battery, it garrisoned that post for several months in the spring of 1862.\\nIts first engagement Avith the enemy was at Henderson, Ky., in tlmt year.\\nAfter undergoing much hard service, with a great amount of marching in\\n1863 and in the early part of 1864, it is found in IMay of that year with\\nGeneral Sherman s army, on the Atlanta campaign, and attached to the\\n2d division, 2od corps. It passed through numerous engagements on that\\ncampaign, maintaining a high reputation for ])romptness and efficiency.\\nAmong its principal encounters Avith the enemy may be classed its severe\\nfight at Utoy creek, Ga., on August 4, where, in command of Lieutenant\\nMiller, it vigorously engaged the enemy with some loss, and had the equip-\\nments and wheels of two guns literally shot to pieces, but bravely holding\\nits position and finally silencing two rebel batteries. In this afiair the l)at-\\ntery attracted much attention and favorable comment on account of its\\nstubborn and eftective fighting.\\nThe battery was transferred with General Scofield s command to the\\nNorth Carolina coast early in 1865. Bting stationed at Newborn on IMarch\\nod, it left that point, in command of Captain Paddock, Avith the 1st di-\\nvision, 2od cor])s, and became engaged with the enemy at Wise s Forks,\\nMarch 10th, with some loss in killed and wounded. In this engagement\\nthe battery maintained its previous high reputation for gallant service and\\ndaring pluck.\\nThe next battery that left the State for the field was G, raised and\\norganized in 1862 by Captain C. H. Lamphere, in connection with the 13th\\ninfantry, at Kalamazoo, and was stationed at West Point, Ky., in February\\nfollowing, whence it proceeded to Cumberland Gap, Last Tennessee, iu\\nMay, and fir\u00c2\u00abt engagctl the enemy at Tasewell.\\nIn November following it was ordered to Memphis, and from thence to\\nthe Yazoo river. Miss., and, in command of Captain Lamphere. took an\\nactive part in the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, December 28th and 29th,\\nand was heavily engaged, losing ten wounded, two mortally, with eight\\nhorses killed or disabled. The loss of the battery at this point indicates\\nits gallant and valuable service.\\nIt participated in the Vicksburg campaign, and served with the 2d bri-\\ngade, belonging to the 9th division, 13th corps. The battery was engaged", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "304 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nin the figlit near Port Gibson, on May 1, 18G3, where it acquired ranch dis-\\ntinction, and was mentioned in the report of General JNIcClernand as fol-\\nlows The splendid practice of Lamphere s and Foster s batteries disabled\\ntwo of the enemy s gnns, and contributed largely to this success.\\nThe rendezvous of battery PI was in INIonroe in connection with the loth\\ninfantry, and left that place, under command of Captain Samuel De Gobyer,\\non the loth of March, 1862, to report to General Plalleck at St. Louis;\\nthence it was ordered to New IMadrid, ]\\\\Io. Served afterwards in Ken-\\ntucky, West Tennessee, and Northern jNIississippi, and took an active part\\nin the Mississippi campaign preceding the siege of Vicksburg.\\nAt Thompson s Hills, Miss., May 1, 1863, it first encountered the rebels,\\nand then at Raymond, May 12th following, where it received much favor-\\nable comment on its rapid and effective fire. Greeley, in his American\\nConflict, on noticing the battle of Raymond, makes the following mention\\nof the gallant and valuable services rendered by the battery in that affair:\\nThe fight here Avas a short one. The rebels opened with great fury,\\nattempting to charge and capture De Gobyer s battery, which was in posi-\\ntion in our front, but being repulsed by a terrific fire of grape and canister,\\nthey broke and fled precipitately.\\nThe following extract from the Rebellion Record still further credits\\nthe battery for excellent and gallant service on the occasion referred to:\\nShortly after the opening of the fight, Captain De Gobyer s battery\\n(8th Michigan) was ordered to the front, and took a commanding position\\nfor the purpose of dislodging the enemy from the woods, the infantry having\\nproven iiself inadequate to the task. The James rifled guns of De Gobyer s\\nbattery opened, and commenced pouring a heavy fire of shell into the rebel\\ncolumns. The enemy now, for the first time, opened artillery upon us. His\\naim was good, succeeding in making our infantry change position. But\\nhis purpose was to silence the 8th Michigan battery, and he failed in that.\\nFinding it impossible to silence the guns with artillery, the rebels attempted\\na charge upon the battery. A regiment of men essayed the hazardous\\nundeitaking. AVJiile they were removing a fence, preparatory to making\\nthe (lecisive dash, the battery opened on them. Our men fired two shells\\ninto their midst, both of which burst among them, killing and wounding a\\nlarge number, and causing the entire column to fall back in disorder. At\\ntheir inglorious withdrawal our infantry sent up a few rousing cheers, which\\nhad the effect of accelerating the speed of the fugitives, and inspiring our\\nwhole command with a new zeal and determination to press forward to a\\nvictory of wiiich tliey felt certain, even when the fortunes of the day seemed\\nto turn against them.\\nThe rebels, defeated in their attempt to capture our battery, found them-\\nselves compelled to fall back to a position immediately in the rear of Farn-\\nden s creek.\\nThe battery participated in the fight at Champion Hills, with loss, and\\nthen was actively engaged in the siege of Vicksburg until its surrender,\\nwhere, on the 28th of May, its gallant commander, Captain De Gobyer,\\nreceived a wound, which caused his death on the 8th of August following.\\nBattery I, raised and organized in Detroit by Captain J. J. Daniels, left\\nthe State with the 5th cavalry on December 4, 1862, for Washington, D.\\nC. On April 27, 1863, Captain Daniels, with his battery, encountered the\\nrebels at Aldie, Va.; then at Gettysl)urg, during that great battle, where on\\nJuly 3d it became heavily engaged, losing one killed and four wounded, and\\nacquiring much credit for vigorous and brave fighting. On October 27th\\nfollowing it was ordered to the Department of the Cumberland, arriving at", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "THE SHARP-SHOOTERS. 305\\nNashville on the 12th of November. In April, 1864, it was attached to\\nthe od division, 20th corps, and afterwards participated in the Georgia\\ncampaign, and was in the various engagements of that great undertaking,\\nincluding the memorable siege of Atlanta.\\nOn the 27th and 28th of June, when under command of Captain L. R.\\nSmith, it fought the enemy at New rio])e Church with loss on the 17th at\\nLost Mountain, losing some; and at Marietta, on July 13th, again became\\nengaged and lost lightly.\\nThese are some of the most noted fights of this battery, in all of which it\\nbehaved with determined courage and perseverance, securing final success\\nin these as well as in all others in wiiich it was engaged.\\nThe next battery (K) went from Grand Rapids, under command of Cap-\\ntain John C. Schultz, arriving at AVashington, D. C, March 1, 1863, and\\nserved on duty at various forts in that vicinity, until October 28th, when it\\nleft Washington for Nashville, Tenn., and Avas again assigned to garrison\\nduty and service on gunboats and transports on the Cumberland river. A\\nportion of the battery assisted with much spirit and vigor in repelling an\\nattack of the rebel General Wheeler s force on Dalton, Ga., in 1864.\\nBattery L had its rendezvous at Coldwatcr, being organized by Captain\\nCharles J.Thompson, in connection witli the 9th cavalry, and went to Ken-\\ntucky in May, 1863. First fought the rebels at Triplett s Bridge, Ky., on\\nJune 15th following. A portion of the battery was the first artillery to\\nopen on JMorgan s forces at Buffington s Island, on July 19th, and gained\\nmuch notoriety by its rapid and efiective fire on that occasion.\\nThe last battery of the regiment jNI) left Dearborn, its rendezvous, under\\ncommand of Captain Edward G. Ilillier, and went to Indianapolis in July,\\n1863, thence in the pursuit of JMorgan, tlien on his raid through Indiana\\nand Ohio. In the latter part of 1863 and in 1864 it served in East Ten-\\nnessee, and Avas engaged with the enemy at Blue Springs, October 10th; at\\nWalker s Ford, December 2, 1863; and at Tazewell on January 21, 1864,\\nbehaving on every occasion with uniform efficiency.\\nThe loth battery, commanded by Captain C. II. O Riordan, left Grand\\nRapids, where it was recruited, and arrived in Washington on the 7th of\\nFebruary, 1864. During its service it was mostly stationed in the forts\\naround that city, and for a short time Avas mounted as cavalry for scouting\\npurposes. On the 11th and 12th of July, 1864, under command of Captain\\nCharles Dupont, it assisted in the defence of Fort Stevens against an attack\\nof Early s forces then threatening Washington. On that occasion it proved\\na serviceable and reliable battery, its fire being used Avith good effect on\\nthe enemy.\\nOn February 1, 1864, the 14th battery moved from Kalamazoo for Wash-\\nington, under the command of Ca^itain Charles Heine, and garrisoned forts\\nin that vicinity during its entire service. While General Early Avas seeking\\nto attack Washington it took a creditable and conspicuous part in the\\naction near Forts Stevens and Slocum on the 11th, 12th, and 13th of July,\\n1864.\\nTHE SHARP-SHOOTERS.\\nThe regiment of Michigan sharp-shooters, organized and commanded by\\nColonel C. V. De Land, commenced its services in Indiana in 1863, in pur-\\nsuit of the notorious rebel Morgan, Avhile he Avas raiding through that\\nState and Ohio, having an encounter Avith his rear-guard. The i-egiment\\nwas afterAvards stationed at Chicago, guarding rebel prisoners, and subse-\\nT", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "306 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nquently joined the 9th array corps at Annapolis, Md., in March, 1864, and\\nwith much distinction and gallantry participated in the important battles\\nof that celebrated corps which followed.\\nIn May, 1864, the sharp-shooters belonged to Colonel Christ s 2d brigade,\\nof the 2d division, commanded by General 0. B. Wilcox, and commenced\\ntheir first important engagements with the enemy in the memorable battles\\nof the AVilderness, sustaining a loss of twenty-five in killed, wounded, and\\nmissing.\\nOn these occasions they performed commendable service for a new and\\ninexperienced regiment, and in the second day s battle bore an active and\\ndistinguished part with their veteran associates; and soon following these\\nbattles came that of Spottsylvania, in which it became signally celebrated.\\nOn ^lay 9th the 9th corps moved forward in the direction of Spottsyl-\\nvania, the 3d division in the advance, and before noon encountered the\\nenemy, when the lines were formed, the sharp-shooters, ill command of\\nColonel C. V. De Land, on the left. Immediately the division experienced\\nsevere fighting for a time the line wavered, but advanced quickly,\\ngaining ground all day, and on the 10th, with the corps, crossed the Po\\nriver, and went into position on the heights southwest of the river, where\\nits artillery commanded the junction of the two great Avagon roads which\\nthe rebels had to hold in order to cover Richmond. Heavy skirmishing\\ncontinued on the 11th, and the height of the fighting was reached on the\\nnext day, said to have been acknowledged by the Generals of both armies\\nas one of the bloodiest of the campaign. The rain having continued for\\ntwo days, the roads had become totally impassable, and it was only by the\\nmost persistent and overtasking exertions that the 9th and 2d corps were\\njoined and put in a defensive position. The rebel General, moving on\\nplank and macadamized roads, took quick advantage of this state of affairs\\nto make a tremendous onslauglit upon the 9th corps while thus isolated and\\nunsupported, with a swollen and almost impassable river in its rear. Gen-\\neral Burnside, not waiting to be attacked, initiated the action, and the\\nfighting commenced at 4 o clock A. I\\\\I., tlie 1st division (Crittenden s) in\\nfront, assisted by the 2d division (Potter s) maintained the action until\\nnoon, when the 3d divisicm (Wilcox s) was put in, when a most determined\\nand vigorous attack was made by the 1st brigade, under General Ilartranft,\\nwhich drove the rebels into their works and gave the Union troops a most\\ndecided advantage, and the division Avas instantly formed and ordered to\\nassault the main line of works, while, at the same time, as was afterwards\\nascertained, Anderson s corps of the rebel array had been preparing to\\ncharge to dislodge the Union troops.\\nThe Federal line swiftly advanced, with a cheer, to the desperate con-\\ntest. Answering back came tlie shrill yell of the rebel hosts, as if in con-\\nfident defiance. Midway the space between the two lines of battle the two\\ncharging columns met, amid the thick smoke of battle, in a dense thicket\\nof pines the bloody struggle commenced, and almost in an instant after\\nthe first shock they became mixed in inextricable confusion, and the charge\\nbecame a series of furious and unrelenting hand-to-hand encounters. At\\nlength the superior numbers of the rebels began to force the Union lines to\\nretire; regiment after regiment fell slowly and sullenly back, and the\\nwhole left was in retreat. Tlie terrible sacrifice of the troops attest their\\nvalor and the magnitude of the struggle.\\nOn a little knoll, among the thick spindling pine, where their rifles com-\\nmanded tlie country for their full range, rallied two Michigan regiments\\nthe 1st sharp-shooters, Colonel De Land, and the 27th, Major Moody, while", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "THE SHARP-SHOOTERS. 307\\na little back, in a ravine, was the 14th New York battery, supported by\\nthe 2d Michigan infantry. The combat, slowly, sullenly, disastrously\\nrolling down from the left, was bursting upon them, when Colonel Humph-\\nrey, of the 2d Michigan, commanding brigade, cool as an iceberg and reso-\\nlute as fate, said Boys, this must be stopped. The leaden hail pattered\\nand whistled with terrific furor, but the little band stood firm. More than\\nonce the bold rebels laid tlieir hands on the guns of the battery only to be\\ndriven back by well-directed volleys. A cheer arose, the rebels were\\nchecked, broken, but not defeated in incredible short time they had re-\\nformed, and again the fearful struggle was renewed. On the right stood\\nthe 27th, fighting with unequalled coolness and bravery; everything on\\nthe left of tlie sharp-shooters had been swept away, and the attack im their\\nfront and flank, with both infantry and artillery pouring in shot and shell,\\nwas terrific but they gallantly held their ground. On the left of the sharp-\\nshooters were a company of civilized Indians, in command of the gallant\\nand lamented young Graveraet, an educated half-breed as brave a band\\nof warriors as ever struck a war-path they suffered dreadfully, but never\\nfaltered nor moved, sounding the war-whoop with every volley, and their\\nunerring aim quickly taught the rebels they were standing on dangerous\\nground. The fighting continued on. Near night a rumor runs along the\\nlines that ammunition is gone, and the cry of give them the steel is received\\nwith a cheer. The attack has again been repulsed, and the storm lulls;\\nthe fight is losing its horrid fury, and with a fearful burst of artillery it\\nsinks into a scattered skirmish, but not until the darkness came did the\\nbattle cease. During this fearful and bloody day Col. De Land was twice\\nstruck and prostrated by the flying missiles, but badly injured as he was\\nremained faithful to his command. The regiment lost 34 killed, 117\\nwounded, and 4 missing. Among the killed was Major John Piper, a\\nbrave and lamented officer, who, after several years of hard and faithful\\nservice, fell by a shot through the brain.\\nPassing through Grant s great campaign on Richmond with much credit\\nand crossing the James river, it arri\\\\ ed with its division in front of Peters-\\nburg June 16, 1864, and on the next day, while in command of Major Le-\\nvant C. Rhines, became so heavily engaged and so specially distinguished\\nin charging and holding the enemy s works and repelling his repeated as-\\nsaults to retake them that this bloody battle becomes one of the most prom-\\ninent events in the history of the regiment.\\nThe position of the regiment being on the extreme left of the corps, and the\\n5th corps failing to connect the line after the capture of the rebel works, a\\nlarge gap was left through which the rebels poured their troops, and most\\nsevere fighting occurred, the regiment most gallantly repulsing the enemy\\nin two successive and vigorous charges, taking two officers and eighty-six\\nmen prisoners, and the colors of the 35th North Carolina, which were cap-\\ntured by Corporal Benj. F. Young, of company I, who was promoted for\\ndistinguished gallantry on the occasion. During the engagement the left\\nof the regiment became completely enveloped, and was placed in a position\\ncompelling it either to surrender or cut its way through the rebel lines the\\nlast-named resort was determined on, and having first destroyed the nation-\\nal color of the regiment to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy,\\nthen commenced fighting its way out, and finally succeeded in getting through\\nthe rebel lines. The gallant Major Rhines fell in this desperate struggle,\\ntogether with 31 killed and died of wounds, 46 wounded, and 84 missing.\\nCapt. Thomas H. Gaffney died at Washington, D. C, June 20th, 1864,\\nof wounds received in action before Petersburg June 17th, 1864.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "308 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nLieut. Garrett A. Graveraet died at Wasliincjton, D. C, July 10, 1864,\\nof wounds received in action before Petersburg June 17, 1864.\\nCapt. George C. Kniglit and Lieut. INLartin Wager killed before Peters-\\nburg; the former in action June 17th, and the latter in the trenches June\\n23d, 1864.\\nOn tlie 30th of July the regiment led its brigade in the charge on the\\nrebel works contiguous to the fort which was blown up by the mine, and\\naided in carrying the works, taking about fifty prisoners. The rebels hav-\\ning finally succeeded in retaking the works it was obliged to retire, with a\\nloss of three killed, twelve wounded, and thirty-three missing. The regi-\\nment remained in front of Petersburg until the lOth of August, when itAvas\\nordered to move to the Weldon railroad. Soon after its arrival it assisted\\nin retaking a line of works from which our forces had been driven. Its\\nloss in this af?air was one killed and two wounded. Until the 28th of Sep-\\ntember the regiment was here engaged in the erection of fortifications. On\\nthe 30th of September it participated in the battle near Peebles House,\\nwith a loss of three wounded and sixteen missing. The casualties of the\\nregiment while in the trenches in front of Petersburg were twenty-seven\\nkilled and died of wounds and six wounded. On the 27th of October the\\nregiment took part in the movement toward the South-Side Railroad, and\\nwas engaged during the day in skirmishing with the enemy, losing five men\\nwounded.\\nOn April 2d, 1865, the regiment, while in command of Lieut. Col. W. A.\\nNichols and in the brigade of Col. Ralph Ely, again most signally acquired\\na very enviable notoriety and great credit i or a most daring and brilliant\\nachievement while making a demonstration in front of Petersburg, on the\\nleft of the enemy s works, for the purpose of drawing troops from his right\\nwhile our forces were attacking him at other points. After making two\\nefforts, under a very severe fire of musketry and artillery, the regiment suc-\\nceeded in getting hold on his works to the extent of its regimental front,\\nwhich it held for an hour under a terrific fire. The object of the attack\\nhaving been attained it was ordered btick to its former position, having suf-\\nfered a heavy loss. On the next day, about 4 A. JNL, it was again ordered\\nto advance, under the supposition that the enemy was withdrawing. On\\nmoving forward and finding that he had evacuated his works, it pushed on\\nand was the first regiment to enter Petersburg, and, while Col. ICly was re-\\nceiving tlie surrender of the city, raised the first national flag on the court-\\nhouse of that rebel stronghold.\\nThe capture of Petereburg was long and anxiously looked f)r, as leading\\nto the immediate possession of Richmond by the Union forces. Itwasiinal-\\nly accomplished, the rebel army fled, and Richmond fell. Michigan troops\\nwere prominently instrumental in bringing ab.)ut the result. Colonel Ely s\\nbrigade of Michigan regiments, belonging to Wilcox s division, (1st,) Oth\\nctn-ps, were, as previously stated, the first to enter the city and i)lace their\\ncok)r3 on the public buildings, raising one flag on the court-house and\\nanother on the custom-house Colonel Ely himself receiving the surrender\\nof the city from the authorities.\\nGen. Wilcox, in the f )llo\\\\ving report of the operations of his division in\\nthat affair, says\\nI have the honor to report the operations of this division in the field\\nfrom the 29th of March to the 9th of April, 1865, inclusive.\\nOn the night of the 29th of March, at half-past 10 o clock, the enemy\\nopened on my lines, stretching from above Fort Morton to the Appomattox,\\nwith all their artillery of every description and some musketry from their", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "THE SHARP-SHOOTERS. 309\\nmain line. At about 11 o clock the artillery lulled. I expected an ad-\\nvance of the enemy s troops and was ready to receive them, but no attack\\nwas made, and a desultory firing of artillery only continued through the\\nnight.\\nIt afterwards appeared from the official reports of the enemy that they\\nthought that we had made an attack in fact, Major-General Gordon re-\\nported such to be the case, and that they had handsomely repulsed us; but\\nalthough we were under orders from corps headquarters to be ready to at-\\ntack, and I had caused to be distributed axes for cutting the enemy s abatis,\\nyet no sort of attack was actually ordered or nuide on our front.\\nThe sensitiveness of the enemy seemed to encourage our men. Prepara-\\ntions were inade on the 31st as well as on April 1st lor a night attack op-\\nposite Forts Steadman and Haskell, 3d brigade, and at a point in front of\\nEly s brigade, nearer the A})ponuittox. Through the night of the 2d va-\\nrious demonstrations were made along the line, and the enemy s picket-i)its\\ncaptured at various points, in pursuance of orders from corps headquarters,\\nmade in aid of o])erations being carried on on the left of the army.\\nAt about 1 o clock, on the morning of the 2d April, orders were received\\nfrom corps headquarters to mass one brigade (except garrisons) by 4 o clock\\non the same morning near Fort Sedgwick, on the 2d division front, whei e Gen.\\nHartranft was to make a real attack with his division and a brigade from\\neach of the other divisions, while, by the same order, I was directed to make\\na vigorous demonstration along my whole division line with the rest of my\\ntroops at the same hour.\\nCol. Harriman was accordingly detached, with staff officers who knew\\nthe road, tools, amnuuiition, and every possible aid, to report to Hartranft;\\nand this brigade was in position and formed at the moment recpured.\\nThe demonstration along the line began precisely at 4 by the 2d brigade,\\nBrevet Col. Ralph Ely 3d brigade. Brevet Col. G. P. Robinson, ancl Col.\\nWm. J. Bolt(m, commanding 51st Pennsylvania, left on the 1st brigade line\\nof entrenchments. Some of the enemy s ])icket-pits were captured near the\\nOld Crater by Col. Bolton. The j)ickets of the 3d and 2d brigades,\\nstrongly reinforced, advanced handsomely, the artillery opened vigorously,\\nand large })ortions of the enemy were down to oppose what they considered\\na real attack in force.\\nOn the extreme right, near the Appomattox, a portion of Ely s brigade\\nactually carried some two hundred yards of the enemy s works but our\\nlines, two miles in length, were too nuich attenuated to hold the ground.\\nSome seventj^-five prisoners were secured and brought in. Three regiments\\nwere withdrawn from other points and double-quicked to the point, but be-\\nfore it could be reinforced the enemy had recovered it.\\nThe effect of the movement, however, on the grand result was most\\nhappy, inasmuch as it contributed to weaken the enemy s line in front of\\nFort Sedgwick, where the real attack was cotnpletely successful.\\nFor the handsome part performed by Harriman s brigade of this divi-\\nsion at the latter point I respectfully refer you to his own report and that\\nof Brevet Major-Gen. Hartranft, commanding at that i)art of the line.\\nThrough the day offensive demonstrations were kept up, and the batte-\\nries playing in aid of the more serious work of the day going on further to\\nthe left.\\nIn the afternoon and evening the enemy strengthened their line opposite\\nme; but about midnight of the 2d reports came up from Colonel Ely, com-\\nmanding 2d brigade, and Col. James Bentlifl now commanding 3d brigade,\\nby virtue of his rank, that there were signs of the enemy s withdrawing", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "310 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nfrom our front, leaving only their picket line. I gave orders to the 2d bri-\\ngade commanders to press through as soon as possible.\\nAt about 2 A. M. on the 3d some of our parties broke through.\\nBeutliff s brigade advanced upon Cemetery Hill and Ely s more direct-\\nly into town, with a section of Stone s battery. I gave Col. Ely orders to\\ntake measures to at once secure order in the city.\\nAt 4.28 one of Ely s flags, that of the 1st Michigan sharp-shooters, was\\nraised on the court-house, and that of the 2d Michigan on the custom-house\\na i ew minutes later, and guards were posted about the town.\\nTiie 2d and 20th Michigan infantry and 1st jNIichigan sharp-shooters Avere\\nin the 2d brigade, commanded by Col. Ralph Ely, of the 8th Michigan.\\nThe 8th and 27th Michigan were in the 1st brigade.\\nThe 17th Michigan were acting as an engineer regiment at division head-\\nquarters.\\nTHE FIRST INFANTRY.\\nThe 1st Michigan the regiment which, under Colonel Wilcox, led the\\nadvance of Michigan troops to the front although hurriedly organized and\\nhastily equipped, left the State a pattern regiment in every respect, none\\nbetter having preceded it to the National Capital from any State arriving\\nthere at a critical time, when that place was in great and immediate danger\\nof being attacked and captured by the rebels, whose troops then picketed\\nthe Potomac. Its presence aided much in establishing confidence among\\nthose in authority, that the Capital was safe, and its appearance in Penn-\\nsylvania avenue was hailed with the cheers of loyal thousands. As it passed\\nin review before the lamented Lincoln it received his highest praise, and\\nthrough them he thanked the State for their prompt appearance in Wash-\\nington.\\nThe regiment was assigned to Heintzelman s division, and under Colonel\\nWilcox led the advance of the Union army across the Long Bridge into\\nVirginia, on the 24th of ^lay, driving in the rebel pickets, and entering\\nAlexandria via the road, simultaneously with the regiment of Ellsworth s\\nZouaves that entered it by steamer.\\nThe 1st ]\\\\Iichigan took possession of the railroad depot, capturing near\\nthere a troop of rebel cavalry, numbering one hundred, with their horses\\nand equipments.\\nAt the battle of Bull Run the regiment belonged to the brigade com-\\nmanded by Colonel Wilcox, and was in the hottest of the fight, eagerly\\npressing forward on the enemy, losing heavily, but fighting stubbornly and\\ngalhmtly.\\nThe Fire Zouaves, after charging bravely, but in vain, upon one of the\\nheaviest of the rebel batteries, fell l)ack, when the Michigan 1st, then com-\\nmanded by Major Bidwell, which had been constantly associated with the\\nZouaves ever since Ellsworth fell at Alexandria, moved pr()mi)tly and rap\\nidly forward and took their places. They charged in double-quick upon\\nthe battery once and again in splendid style, and yet it was not taken.\\nThey ))iished forward to the attempt a third time, and were again driven\\nback before the deadly tire of the enemy. But the attack was not aban-\\ndc)iied the brave fellows rallied for a fourth time to the deadly work but\\nit was all in vain, the battery could not be taken.\\nOn that disastrous field the 1st established the highest standard for JNIich-\\nigan troops, so uniformly and so remarkably maintained throughout the\\nentire war. Its dead were found nearest the enemy s works.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST INFANTRY. 311\\nIn the engagement the loss of the regiment was heavy. Among the num-\\nber were Captain Butterworth, Lieutenants Mauch and Casey wounded and\\ntaken prisoners, and who afterwards died of their wounds in rebel custody.\\nColonel Wilcox was wounded, and, falling into the hands of the enemy, was\\nheld as a prisoner at Riclimond for about fifteen months.\\nThe regiment, on tlie expiration of its three months term of service, re-\\nturned to the State, and was mustered out August 7, 1861. It was soon\\nafter reorganized as a three years regiment, and left for the Army of the\\nPotomac August 16, 1861, commanded by Colonel John C. Robinson, then\\ncaptain in the U. S. A., who continued to command it until April 28, 1862,\\nwhen he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, and was succeeded\\nin command by Colonel il. S. Roberts, promoted from lieutenant-colonel.\\nIt went to the Peninsula with jNIcClellan, and was in the engagements at\\nMechanicsville, June 26th at Gaines IMills, June 27th; at Malvern Hill,\\nJuly 1st; and at tjraiusville, August 29th. The losses of the regiment in\\nthese engagements were not reported, excepting Captain O. C. Comstock\\nwho was killed at Gaines Mills.\\nIt rendered most gallant and valuable service in many hard-fought bat-\\ntles during the war, and suffered severe losses in killed and wounded.\\nAmong its numerous engagements none perhaps will be more vividly re-\\nmembered by the regiment than the disastrous charges so bravely made, but\\nwith such fearful loss, upon the rebel position along the Warrenton and\\nCentreville turnpike on August 30, 18t32, during that disastrous series of\\nengagements near Manassas, now known as the Second Battle of Bull\\nRun.\\nThe regiment, under command of Colonel Roberts, was in General Fitz\\nJohn Porter s corps, and had during the day been posted in the woods\\nfronting the enemy s lines, and near one of his most important batteries.\\nAt 4 P. M. the order was given to advance and dislodge the rebels. The\\n1st INIichigan, with the 18lh JMassachusetts and the 13th New York regi-\\nments of infantry, deployed column, and with cheers charged\\nForward, the Light Brigade\\nWas there a man disiniiy d\\nNot tho the soldier knew\\nSome one had blundered;\\nTheirs not to make reply,\\nTheirs not to reason why,\\nTheirs but to do or die\\nInto the Valley of Death\\nRode the six hundred.\\nCannon to right of them,\\nCannon to left of them,\\nCannon in front of them,\\nVolleyed and thunder d;\\nStorm d at with shot and shell,\\nBoldly they rode, and well,\\nInto the jaws of Death,\\nInto the very mouth of hell,\\nRode the six hundred.\\nThey instantly found themselves the target of a terrific fire from ambuslied\\ninfantry of the enemy, and from five batteries, i our of wiiich had been\\nmasked, and hitherto unseen. The charge was a murderous one, and within\\na few moments fell eight officers and fifty per cent, of the regiment. The\\nmen stood their ground bravely and with veteran coolness, under these", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "312 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ntrying circumstances, and when the impossibility of success became a cer-\\ntainty, and the order to retreat was given, fell back in good order to the\\nwoods, and reformed their division. Had victory been possible, their cour-\\nage and persistency Avould have won it. Their demeanor amid disaster and\\ndefeat affords one of the greatest examples of true courage.\\nChaplain Arthur Edwards, then with the regiment, and who rendered most\\nvaluable and very acceptable service during the entire engagement, and\\nthroughout his whole term in the army was an exemplary chaplain, wrote\\nat the time as follows\\nThe regiment deployed column and with cheers advanced towards the\\nenemy, our right resting near the railroad embankment, the centre and left\\nnear a stone wall and railroad cut, in each of which places was posted a\\nrebel battery. On our right and front was a force of the enemy s infantry,\\nand as we advanced the regiment was subjected to a murderous fire from\\ninfantry and a cross-fire from five rebel batteries. The regiment suffered\\nseverely in crossing the open space. Colonel Roberts fell at an early mo-\\nment after it deployed out of the woods. Four captains and three lieuten-\\nants\u00e2\u0080\u0094Captains Charles E. Wendell, Russell H. Alcott, Eben T. Whittelsey,\\nEdward Pomeroy, and Lieutenants H. Clay Arnold, J. L. Garrison, and\\nW. Bloodgood met their death, and more than fifty per cent, of the regi-\\nment were either killed or wounded.\\nColonel Roberts was an active, efficient, brave, beloved, and is now a\\nsincerely lamented leader. Captains Wendell, Alcott, Whittelsey, Pome-\\nroy, and Lieutenants Arnold, Garrison, and Bloodgood were excellent offi-\\ncers, whose loss will be felt by the regiment, and mourned by their personal\\nacquaintances.\\nThe regiment went into battle with twenty officers and two hundred and\\ntwenty-seven men. Of the former but four are in camp unhurt, and of the\\nlatter hardly one hundred and fifty. In the action the 1st was placed in\\nthe centre. In front was a rebel battery, and so destructive was its fire and\\nso commanding its position, that General Porter ordered our brigade (Mar-\\ntindale s, of Morrell s division) forward to capture it. The service was so\\ndesperate, and so very sure were our officers of the death that awaited them,\\nthat they shook hands with each other in farewell. Like heroes they\\npressed on to the charge, until, coming within range, the enemy opened\\nfour additional batteries, hitherto masked, and poured in a deadly fire.\\nTluis were they exposed to a cross-fire from five batteries at short range,\\nthrowing grape and canister, and to a flank fire of infantiy. The result\\nmay be easily seen. Men fell like grain in harvest. Colonel Roberts was\\nshot in the breast by a IMinie ball, and lived about ten minutes. His words\\nwere: lam killed; tell Captain to take command of the regi-\\nment. He seemed to feel that he was about to fall, for previous to his\\ngoing to his place in line, he called mc aside, and, after leaving some pri-\\nvate messages, said: I trust that Michigan will believe that I tried to do\\nmy duty.\\nAfter the death of Colonel Roberts, Lieutenant-Colonel Franklin W.\\nAVIiittelsey was promoted to tlie colonelcy of the regiment, but was absent\\nfrom the field on account of injuries received on tlie Peninsula campaign.\\nThe regiment was engaged at Antietam, Septeml)er 17th, at Shepherds-\\ntown Ford, Sopte-nber 20tli, and at Fredericksburg, December loth and\\n14th. At Fredericksburg it was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Ira C.\\nAb1)ott, and was heavily engaged, and lost one officer (Captain J. B. Ken-\\nnedy) and seven men killed, together with seven officers and thirty-three\\nmen wounded.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST INFANTRY. 813\\nAfter this engagement the regiment lay in camp near Falmouth until the\\n27th of April following, when it moved with its corps and division in the\\ndirection of Chancellorsville. Crossing the Rappahannock and Rapidan,\\nit reached that battle-ground on the oOth, after f )ur days of forced and\\nheavy marching, and entered into action there with twenty-three officers\\nand two hundred and forty muskets. ]?etween the 1st and 5th of May its\\nlosses in the various engagements in that vicinity Avere three men killed\\nand seventeen wounded. Again resuming its camping ground near Fal-\\nmouth, it lay there until the 28th of May, when the division to which it\\nwas attached moved to Morrisville, a two day s march, and on the 9th of\\nJune crossed the river as support to a cavalry force which advanced to\\nBrandy Station, fighting all day, and returning to camp on the 10th. On\\nthe 14tli it broke camp at INIorrisville, and on the lOtli and 21st was in\\nbrisk skirmishes with the enemy s cavalry at Aldie. On the 26th the regi-\\nment crossed the Potomac into Maryland at Edward s Ferry, and after\\nlaborious and exhausting marchee, under a broiling sun, it reached Gettys-\\nburg, Fenna., at 1:30 A. M., of the 2d of July. It entered into battle the\\nsame day with a force of twenty officers and one hundred and twenty-five\\nmen, sustaining a loss during the engagement of Captain Amos Ladd and\\nfour men killed, with six officers and twenty-five men wounded. Among\\nthe wounded was Colonel Abbott, disabled early in the action, who was\\nsucceeded in command by Lieutenant-Colonel W. A. Throop. It joined in\\nthe pursuit of the enemy on the 5th, and on the 18th recrossed the Poto-\\nmac into Virginia, aided in driving the rebels through Manassas Gap, and\\nwent into camp at Warrentou on the 27th, and at Beverley Ford on the\\n8th of August.\\nIn the battle of the Wilderness, commencing May 5, 1864, this regiment,\\nin command of W. A. Throop, especially distinguished itself It was in\\nBartlett s (3d) brigade, of Griffin s (1st) division, 5th corps, in the van of\\nGrant s celebrated movement on Richmond, Avhich ultimately culminated\\nin the fall of the rebel capital and the surrender of Lee s army.\\nNear Robertson s Tavern, on the morning of the 5th, its picket line first\\ndiscovered the advance of the kSouthern forces upon its division, in the\\nthickest of the Wilderness. It fired the first musket of that glorious cam-\\npaign, and its brigade checked the rebel advance on the road leading to\\nOrange Court-house, and opened thus the last act of the great drama. In\\nthe opening engagements of the campaign it especially distinguished itself,\\nand so constantly was it under fire, and so perilous were the duties to which\\nit was assigned, that on the evening of the 8th, after a brilliant and suc-\\ncessful ch^irge at Alsop s Farm, its gallant commander was only able to\\nmuster twenty-three men fit for active service. Colonel Throoj), in his re-\\nport of the engagement on the 5th, states: The regiment was detailed on\\nthe morning of the 4th of Mav to picket in front of the brigade, covering\\nthe road leading to Orange dourt-house, and connecting on the left with\\nthe pickets of the 2d brigade. There was at this time no enemy in our\\nfront, and during the night I received orders that the troops would move at\\n5 A. j\\\\[. of the 5th. At 5:30 A. M. I received written orders to withdraw\\nmy pickets and rejoin the brigade on the road to the Old Wilderness Tav-\\nern. Fifteen minutes before receiving the order to withdraw, the enemy\\nwas discovered coming down the road towards us, with a strong force of\\ninfixntry, preceded by cavalry. I therefore retained my picket line in po-\\nsition, disposing my reserves to cover my right fiank and hold the road.\\nThe cavalry of the enemy approached to within four hundred yards of my\\npicket line on the road, and his infantry deployed to the right and left of\\nT", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "314 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe road in line of battle. The disposition of his forces was immediately\\nreported by me, and the 18th Massachusetts and 20th Maine regiments\\nwere sent out to ray support, and moved up to the rear of my picket line,\\nand formed in line of battle. The enemy had thrown out a very heavy\\nline of skirmishers in my immediate front, and pushed them boldly forward\\ninto the edge of the wood against my lines, but without firing. Our lines\\nhaving been formed, and everything in readiness, an attack was ordered,\\nand I pushed my skirmish line forward at double-quick over an open field\\nof a quarter of a mile, driving the enemy s picket line into the woods and\\non to their line of batt^. I was followed up by my brigade in two lines of\\nbattle, and the fight became general. Part of my skirmish line fought\\nthat of the enemy in the woods hand-to-hand, using the bayonet. Captain\\nBradish, a most gallant officer was killed, and Captain Stanway and Lieu-\\ntenant Raymond were wounded, the former severely in the arm, while\\nalmost at the very muzzle of a rebel gun.\\nDuring the following eight days it was almost continuously engaged in\\nbattle or in skirmishing, sustaining large losses, especially at the battle of\\nAlsop s Farm, on the 8th, where the regiment came out of the engagement\\nwith only twenty-three men. Pressing forward with the army, it partici-\\npated in the battles of Spottsylvania, thence moved to the North Anna, and\\non the 23d took part in the engagement at Jericho Mills. Crossing the\\nPamunkey river, it advanced to near Cold Harbor and participated in the\\nengagements near that place.\\nProceeding to James river with the army, it crossed that stream on the\\n16th of June, and on the 17th arrived in front of Petersburg and became\\nengaged in the ordinary duties in the trenches. On the 30th of September\\nfollowing the regiment participated in the movement of that date on the\\nright of the enemy s line, near Poplar Grove Church, and participated in\\nthe desperate fighting that ensued. Unaided it stormed and carried two\\nstrong fortifications and a portion of one line of works. During this action\\nthe officer commanding the regiment, Capt. James H. Wheaton, was killed.\\nOn the 6th of December, the regiment, in command of Major George\\nLockley, started on a raid along the Weldon railroad. After crossing the\\nNottaway river the regiment assisted in destroying several miles of that\\nrailroad. Proceeding as far as Hicksford it returned, arriving at its former\\nencampment on the 12th. Remaining there until February 5th, 1865, it\\nbroke camp and moved to the left of the line and participated in the en-\\ngagement on the 6th at Hatcher s Run, losing three killed and three taken\\nby the enemy. It remained in camp near that place until the 29th of\\nMarch. On the 25th of March the regiment was engaged in an attack on\\nthe enemy s right at Hatcher s Run, having several wounded. On the\\nmorning of the 29th it broke camp and engaged the enemy the same day\\non the White Oak road, and also on April 1st at Five Forks, at Amelia\\nCourt-house on the 5th, at High Bridge on the 6th, and at Appomattox\\nCourt-house on the 9th.\\nCaptain Lewis C. Randell was killed in action at Laurel Hill, May 10th,\\n1864.\\nLieut. AVm. S. Woodruff died June 28th, 1864, of wounds received in\\naction on the 27th of that month.\\nFollowing is the report of Gen. Wilcox, dated at Detroit September 3d,\\n1862, and addressed to the Adjutant-General of the army at Washington:\\nMy brigade, the 2d of lieintzelman s division, marcliing in rear of\\nFranklin s brigade, arrived at the Sudley Ford at about half-past 12 P. M.\\nJuly 21, 1862. The brigade now consLsted of the 1st Michigan, 11th New", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "THE FIRST INFANTRY. 315\\nYork, (Fire Zouaves,) 38th New York, and Arnold s battery. The 4th\\nMichigan had been left ut Fairfax Station and Fairfax Court-house by the\\norder of Gen. McDowell. Halting for rest and water, I obeyed the gene-\\nral s orders to post Arnold s battery on a hill commanding the ford, with\\nthe 1st Michigan for support, and at 1 o clock pushed forward with my two\\nremaining regiments up the Sudley and Breutville road. We marched\\nabout two miles and came up on the right of what I su])i)ose to have been\\nFranklin s line, near the junction of the Warrenton an^l Sudley roads. The\\ntroops on our left were engaged in a desultory fire with the enemy, posted\\nin the thicket and ravine across the Warrenton road, not far from the Hen-\\nry House. The 28th New York was quickly formed in order of battle, and\\nthe Zouaves were hastening into line, when I received an order to detach a\\nregiment for the support of Kicketts battery, (of Franklin s brigade,) posted\\non a hill a quarter of a mile to our right and front, near Dogan House. I\\nled up the Zouaves for this important service, leaving the 38th under its\\ngallant and experienced Col. Hobart Ward. Ricketts was soon ordered to\\ntake a new position near the Henry House. The Zouaves followed in sup-\\nport, and finally formed line on the right flank of the battery, with two\\ncompanies in reserve.\\nUp to this time the enemy had fallen back, but now he formed the re-\\nmains of his brigades engaged with Hunter in the morning, viz: Bee s, Bar-\\ntow s, and Evans in a new line, appuyed upon Jackson s brigade of fresh\\ntroops, making altogether 6,500 infantry, 13 pieces of artillery, and Stuart s\\ncavalry, according to Gen. Beauregard s report. This force was posted iu\\nthe belt of woods which skirted the plateau southwardly and lying in the\\nangle formed in that direction between the Warrenton and Sudley roads,\\nabout a mile from the Warrenton road, and with its left resting on the\\nBrentsville and Sudley roads. Ricketts battery had crossed the Sudley\\nroad from its post near Dogau s House, aud was within musket range of the\\nwoods which stretched from that road around from his right towards his front,\\nand forming a pocket which almost enveloped the battery with its support.\\nThe enemy were first discovered by Col. Heintzelman lining the woods\\niu our front. He ordered up the Zouaves, commanded by Col. Farnham.\\nThe ground was slightly rising before us, and the enemy opened a heavy\\nbut not destructive fire as we reached the crest. The Zouaves returned the\\nfire, but immediately fell back, bewildered and broken. Stuart s cavalry\\ncharged upon them from the woods on the right, but were scattered by a\\nfire from the two reserve companies, with a loss (as ascertained from the\\nSouthern papers) of twenty-nine killed and wounded.\\nMeantime Ricketts cannoneers were being picked oflT. With Colonel\\nHeintzelman s approval and a promise of reinforcements, I collected some\\none hundred Zouaves, and, with Capt. Douney and others of their officers,\\nmade a dash into the woods on our right and killed, wounded, and captured\\nabout thirty of the enemy. Returning in a few minutes, I found the field\\ncleared of both friend and foe except the killed and wounded.\\nThe horses, men, and two officers of Ricketts battery lay stretched upon\\nthe ground, but the enemy had not yet seized it.\\nRecrossing the Sudley road, I met the 1st Michigan, Jlajor Bidwell com-\\nmanding, and marching back with this regiment wo found the enemy now\\ndrawn up in a thin line across the field aud in possession of the battery\\nadvancing to the fence on the roadside the 1st Michigan opened fire, the\\nright wing fell back to reload, owing to a blundering order, but the left\\nstood firm, expelled the enemy and retook the battery. The troops here\\nopposed to us I believe to have been the 7th Georgia.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "316 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nColonel Heintzelraan now came up and ordered us promptly forward, and\\nwith the promise of another regiment it was my design to turn the enemy s\\nleft. The left wing of the 1st Michigan recrossed the field, struck into the\\nwoods beyond the Zouaves, succeeded in destroying and capturing a small\\nnumber of the enemy and pushing back his extreme left out of that part or\\npoint of the woods adjacent to the Sudley road.\\nMeantime the right wing of the 1st Michigan reformed and advanced in\\ngood order. I met it and we pushed on toward the next point of woods.\\nFrom this point I found the enemy s left discovered us by our fire and we\\nbecame engaged with their rear rank, their front being occupied by the ad-\\nvancing troops of Franklin s or Sherman s brigade. The officers and men\\nof the 1st Michigan stood up bravely at this critical moment, holding on\\nanxiously for i-einforcements. But from all I can learn, the 38th, which\\nwas ordered up to me, were directed to the left of the Henry House, (in-\\nstead of to the right and along the Sudley road,) came in contact with the\\nenemy s centre and never reached me.\\nIt was now nearly four o clock. General Beauregard had been gather-\\ning new reinforcements; General Kirby Smith had joined him with a por-\\ntion of Johnston s army. Our scattered troops were contending in fractions\\nagainst the enemy s army in position and massed on the plateau, with his\\nartillery sweeping every approach. Gen. Johnston was bringing fresh\\ntroops to turn our right. The 28th Virginia attacked my own handful\\nfrom the rear in the woods, and I had the ill fortune to be wounded and a\\nfevv moments afterward captured. But I was spared witnessing the disaster\\nwhich further pursued our arms.\\nIn this report I have only endeavored to supply partly the information\\nthat was not known or f )uud in any other report in consequence of my cap-\\nture. Permit me to add farther, that the 38th New York was distinguished\\nfor its steadiness in ranks, and for gallantly repelling a charge made upon\\nit by the New Orleans Tigers. The Zouaves, though broken as a regi-\\nment, did good service under my own eyes in the woods, and detachments\\nof them joined various other regiments in the fight. The 1st Michigan de-\\nserves the credit of advancing farther into the enemy s lines than any other\\nof our troops, as their dead bodies proved after the battle. I only regret\\nthat from the fact of my separation from Arnold s battery, I cannot add\\nany testimony of my own to the well known gallantry with which he and\\nhis command conducted themselves.\\nTHE SECOND INFANTRY.\\nThe 2d infantry, under command of Col. J. B. Richardson, by whom it\\nhad been organized, with much promptness followed tlie 1st regiment to the\\nwar in Virginia, and was in time to be present in the first engagement, being\\nin the brigade of Richardson, which opened fire upon the rebels at Black-\\nburn s Ford, on the 18Lh of July, 18G1, and which covered the retreat of\\nthe army from Bull Run on the 21st following.\\nThe regiment, under command of Col. O. M. Poe, participated in all of\\n4 the engagements on the Peninsula, first meeting the enemy on that cam-\\npaign at Williamsburg, on May 5, 1862, where it lost 17 killed, 38 wounded,\\nand 4 missing; at Fair Oaks, on the 27th at Charles City Cross-roads, on\\nJune 30th, and at Malvern Hill July 1st. At Fair Oaks it lost 10 killed\\nand 47 wounded, while its bravery was so marked as to receive the follow-\\ning notice in the i)ublished liistory of the tiihe:\\nMeantime, Heiutzelmau had sent forward Kearney to recover Casey s", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND INFANTRY. 317\\nlost ground, and a desperate fight was going on at the extreme left. The\\nenemy had been successfully held in front of Couch s old entrenched camp,\\nuntil Kearney s division arrived, when he staid the torrent of battle. One\\nafter another his gallant regiments pushed forward, and ])ressed back the\\nfiery rebels with more daring than their own. Here the 55th New York\\nwon new laurels, and Poe s 2d Michigan was bathed in blood. Five hun-\\ndred of them charged across the open field against ten times their number,\\nand stopped them in mid career, losing 17 brave fellows in that one des-\\nperate essay.\\nImmediately following the battles on the Peninsula it entered on the\\ncampaign of General Pope, and was engaged with the enemy at Pull Pun\\nAugust 28th, 29th, and oOth, and at Chantilly on the 1st of September.\\nOn the 12th of December following, the regiment, then commanded by\\nLieutenant-Colonel Louis Dillmau, participated in the engagement at Fred-\\nericksburg with slight loss.\\nThe 2d was transferred early in 18G3 to another field of operations witli\\nthe 9th corps, and served with distinction on the Grant campaign in IMissis-\\nsippi, terminating with the fall of AHcksburg and the defeat and route of\\nJohnston at Jackson. It was also in the campaign of Purnside in J*]ast\\nTennessee, and was actively engaged in the defence of Knoxville against\\nthe attacks of Longstreet, and in the various battles with his forces in that\\nvicinity. Although the survivors of this noble regiment can look back\\nupon their campaigns in Virginia and recount with much justifiable pride\\ntheir numerous battles, yet, Jacks(m and Knoxville will ever hold promi-\\nnent j)laccs in their memories, as engagements in which the regiment spe-\\ncially distinguished itself and sustained heavy loss.\\nImmediately following the surrender of Vicksburg, General Sherman with\\nhis army, a part of which Avas the 9th corps, moved in pursuit of General\\nJohnston, who was then in the vicinity of Jackson, and reached there on\\nthe 10th of July. The 2d regiment belonged to the 2d brigade, 1st divi-\\nsion, and on the 11th of July became engaged with the enemy, making one\\nof tlie most daring and gallant charges of the war. Col. Humphrey, com-\\nmanding the regiment, in his I cport thus details its movements on that occa-\\nsion\\nAt 5 A. M. I was ordered by C(j1. Leasure, commanding the brigade, to\\ndeploy my regiment as skirmishers on the left of the skirmish line of the\\n1st brigade to keep my connection with it perfect to be guided in the\\nmovements of my line strictly by those of the regiment on my right, and to\\nadvance until I drew the fire of the enemy s artillery.\\nI at once deployed my regiment as directed, and moved forward, meet-\\ning with only slight opposition from the enemy, until about G o clock, when\\nhe opened a brisk fire along my w hole line. We had come up to the enemy\\nstrongly posted in front of my right on a deep water course, and of my left\\nin a heavy woods. For an hour a brisk skirmish was kept up. The enemy\\nmade a determined resistance, but was gradually forced back toward his\\nsupport.\\nAt 7 A. M. the order came down the line from the right to forward!\\ndouble-quick The men at once advanced with a cheer, drove in the ene- W\\nmy s skirmishers through their camps, and into their reserves, strongly posted\\nin a deep ravine, charged and broke the reserve, and drove it up out of the\\nravine into its main support, drawn up in line of battle on the top of the\\nsouth bank of the ravine, charged under a hot fire of musketry and artil-\\nlery up the steep bank against the main body, 6ro^ e this line, and drove the\\nenemy within his works.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "318 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nWe waited now for our support to come up, but on sending for it were\\nsurprised to find ive had none. The regiment on my right, for some reason\\nunknown to me, advanced but a short distance, then fell back to the line\\nleft by it a few moments before. By some mistake the three companies (C,\\nF, and H) on the left did not advance with the rest of the regiment in this\\ncharge, which was made with about one hundred and seventy men. Fifty\\nof these, almost one-third, had fallen. The enemy was being reinforced,\\nand we were entirely without support, with no connection on the right and\\nno troops on our left. Thus situated, to hold for any length of time the\\nground we had so dearly won would be impossible. I therefore put my men\\nunder cover of the bank of the ravine, through which we had advanced,\\nwithin twenty yards of the enemy s works, and held the position until the\\nwounded were carried to the rear, and then folloiving the movement of the\\nregiment on my right, fell back to the line from which we had advanced\\nan hour before.\\nIn this charge the regiment had 9 killed, 39 wounded, among whom were\\nLieutenants Sheldon, Stevenson, and Montague, and 8 taken as prisoners.\\nThe 2d was also specially distinguished on several occasions during the\\nsiege of Knoxville by Longstreet in 1863, and particularly so on the 24th\\nof November, when under command of Major Cornelius Byington (Colonel\\nHumphrey being in command of the brigade) it so gallantly charged a\\nstrong force of rebels protected by entrenchments and a house which they\\noccupied, driving them from their position and leveling the house and works\\nto the ground. In the charge the regiment lost in killed and wounded, out\\nof 161 officers and men engaged, 86. Among the killed were Lieutenants\\nWilliam Noble (adjutant) and Charles R. Galpin, and Major Byington and\\nLieutenant Frank Zoellener mortally wounded. This charge is handed\\ndown in the history of the day as among the most brilliant of the Avar.\\nReturning with its corps to the Army of the Potomac, on the 5th of May,\\n1864, it crossed the Rapidan, taking part with that army in the great cam-\\npaign which had just commenced, sharing in its sufferings, its privations,\\nand its glory. On ^lay 6th, in command of Colonel W. Humphrey, it\\nparticipated in the battle of the Wilderness, losing 6 killed and 32 wounded\\nand missing. On the 10th, 11th, and Tith it was in the battle at Spottsyl-\\nvania Court-house, where it lost 2 killed and 9 wounded among the killed\\nwas Captain James Farrand and on the 3d of June, at the battle of\\nBcthcsda Church, where its loss was 2 killed and 36 wounded. From\\nBethesda Church the regiment marched to Cold Harbor. Juno r2th it\\ncrossed the Chicahominy river, and on the morning of the 14th, and during\\nthe night of the 15th, crossed to the south side of the James river. It\\nparticipated in the engagement before Petersburg on the 17th and 18th of\\nJune, losing on the 17th 8 killed, including Captain James Bradley, 74\\nwounded, and 4 missing on the 18th, 14 killed, 69 wounded, and 2\\nmissing. During the attack which followed the springing of the mine on\\nthe 30th of July, the regiment lost 6 killed, 14 wounded, and 37 missing,\\nCaptain John S. Young and Lieutenant John G. Busch being among the\\nkilled. Withdrawing from in front of Petersburg, it marched with its\\ncorps to the Weldcm railroad, and in the action of the 19th of August on\\nthis road the regiment lost 1 killed, 2 wounded, and 2 missing. Partici-\\npating in the movement on the right flank of the rebel army, on the 30th\\nof September, in the engagement near Poplar Spring Church, it lost 7 in\\nwounded and 12 missing. The regiment remained in camp from the 30th\\nof September to October 27th, near Peeble s House. On the latter date,\\nin the advance on the Boydton Plank Road, it lost 7 wounded and 7", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND INFANTRY. 319\\nmissing. On the 28th it returned to its camping ground near Peeble s\\nHouse, where it remained on the 31st of October tbUowing. On the 25th\\nof March, 1865, the regiment participated in the affair at Fort Steadraan,\\nsustaining a heavy loss, and on the od of April was engaged in the capture\\nof Petersburg.\\nThe correspondent of the New York Tribune, in writing regarding the\\nstampede from Bull Run, says\\nI was told that a few regiments, beside the three faithful ones of\\nBlenker s brigade, had come in in fair order and that they were the 2d\\nand 8d Michigan and the Massachusetts 1st, of Kichardson s brigade. I\\nshould be glad if it were so.\\nIt is to be hoped that the correspondent lived long enough to be made\\nglad, on being fully satisfied of the fact that he had been correctly in-\\nformed of that well-established truth regarding the conduct of Kichard-\\nson s brigade referred to, and which was so well understood and made so\\ngenerally known immediately following the battle, by the issue of a general\\norder by McDowell, in which it was stated that Richardson s brigade were\\nthe last troops to leave the field.\\nTlie following is the official order relative to the part taken at Williams-\\nburg by Berry s brigade, composed of the 2d, 3d, and 5th Michigan\\nHeadquarters 3d Brigade, Kearney s Division,\\nOn Williamsburg .Battle-field, May 8, 1862.\\nSpecial Orders:\\nThe commander of the brigade takes great pleasure in making this\\nofficial communication to his command That they, by heroic fortitude, on\\nMonday last, by making a forced march througli mud and rain, each\\nvying with the other to see who could most cheerfully stand the hardships\\nthe time called for, making thereby a march that others shrank from,\\ncoming into a fight at double-quick, made doubtful to our side by the over-\\nwhelming mass of the enemy poured upon our centre by a rapid deploy\\nand quick formation, and by coolness, precision, and energy, beat back the\\nenemy, recapturing our lost position and artillery, and also by a heroic\\ncharge, took a stronghold of the enemy, and thereby dislodged him and\\ndrove him on the plain below his well-chosen position, have done them-\\nselves great honor, have honored the States of INIichigan and New York,\\nand have won a name in history that the most ambitious might be proud of.\\nOur loss of brave comrades has indeed been large. We mourn the de-\\nparted. Green be the turf above them. They have a place in our\\nheart s memory, and in the history of our common country.\\nSoldiers! you have won by your bravery the hearts of all your com-\\nmanders brigade, division, corps, and even those higher in command.\\nSoldiers, I thank you; my superiors thank you; your country thanks\\nyou, and will remember you in history.\\nOur labors are not yet over the insolent rebels that have endeavored\\nto destroy, and have laid to ruin and waste portions of the best Govern-\\nment and the finest land of earth, are still in force, and to be conquered in\\nour fights. I have pledged you, men of the 3d brigade, in all future trials.\\nI know my men they are not pledged in vain.\\nCommanders of regiments will have this order read at the head of their\\nrespective regiments this afternoon.\\nR. G. BERRY,\\nBrigadier-General, Commanding 3d Brigade.\\nOfficial Edwin M. Smith, A. A. A. G.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "320 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nExtracts from correspondence of New York Tribune in relation to the\\nbattle of Williamsburg:\\nThe 2d Michigan took into action only sixty men, the rest being left\\nbehind, exhausted with the quick march through the mud and rain. Yet\\nthey lost one out of every five engaged. The regiment was in the hottest\\nof the fight. By the confessions of prisoners, 800 of Berry s men (mostly\\nMichigan) drove back at the point of the bayonet 1,G00 rebels.\\nThere were four companies of the 2d JMiehigan heavily engaged at Wil-\\nliamsburg, two in command of Captain William Humphrey and two com-\\nmanded by Captain W. J. Handy. The other companies of the regiment\\nwere partially engaged. The regiment lost in the action 17 killed, 38\\nwounded, and 4 missing.\\nIn the rifle-pits in front of the 5th Michigan, sixty-three dead rebels\\nwere found, every one of them killed hy the bayonet.\\nOn June 30th the enemy had advanced about noon. The Union troops\\nhad fallen back about two miles and taken a position near Charles City\\nCi-oss-roads or White Oak Swamp. The battle commenced about 1 o clock.\\nThe 2d, in command of Major Dillman,Avas engaged from half-past 4 P.M.\\nuntil an hour after dark, being under a continuous fire of musketry during\\nthe whole of that time, but haviug the cover of the woods and of a tempo-\\nrary breastwork of logs, rails, and sods hastily thrown together, the loss of\\nthe regiment was comparatively light. The enemy charged three times in\\nheavy columns on the position held by the division to which the 2d belong-\\ned. They advanced under a heavy fire from a long line of infantry and six\\npieces of artillery, and were most gallantly repulsed each time, being com-\\npelled to retire, under a heavy and murderous fire, under cover of the woods\\non the opposite side of the field, leaving the open space between the two\\nImes literally piled with the dead and wounded.\\nDown to the time our troops fell back in the night the enemy were busy,\\nclose up to our line, carrying away the dead and wounded. The wounded\\nwere continually calling out the number of their regiments and the States\\nfrom whence they came, in order that they might be found by their friends.\\nIn this way it was ascertained that at least twenty-one regiments had been\\nengaged with Kearney s division during the afternoon.\\nOn July 1st, at 2 A. M., the pickets were ordered in, and the retreat\\nagain commenced. At 5 A. M. the regiment reached Maxwell s Landing,\\non the James river, and was soon after marched, with its brigade, to the\\nright and front of the line then being f )rmed to meet a threatened attack\\nof the enemy. On reaching the position indicated the brigade was i)laced\\nin position to support our batteries, then playing with terrible cfl ect on the\\nenemy s advancing columns or replying to the fierce fire kept up from his\\nbatteries. The 2d remained in this position until 12 M., when it was drawn\\nback under shelter of Malvern Hill. During the whole of tlyit time the\\nshot and shell from the enemy s guns came sweeping through the Union\\nranks dealing out death in every direction. At midnight the regiment again\\ncommenced the march down the river, and reached the encampment near\\nHarrison s Landing next morning at about 9 A. M.\\nOn the retreat to Harrison s Landing, and in the various engagements\\noccurring on the march, the gallant conduct of Sergeants Sheldon, company\\nC, Tulloch, company JNIcGee, company I, Higgins and Delano, compa-\\nny E; Corporals Sannard, ccmipany E, Euller, company D, and Thurlby,\\ncompany B; Privates Henry H. Harrington, cimipany B, and Philander\\nWalworth, company D, are specially noticed in the report of the command-\\ning officer of the regiment. lu the battles of Charles City Cross-roads and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "THE SECOND INFANTRY. 321\\nMalvern Hill Philander Walworth, of company D, who had been wounded\\non a scout on the 19th June, with his leg swollen and stiff, refused to leave\\nthe ranks, and was constantly in his place gallantly doing his duty.\\nThe regiment is mentioned in connection with the operations at Knoxville\\non November 24th, 18G3, in the Rebellion Ilecord as follows:\\nNovember 24th. Skirmishing commenced early and briskly on our left\\nfront this morning. The rebels had gained a hill and thrown up rifle-pits\\nnear the round house during the night. The 48th Pennsylvania and 21st\\nMassachusetts, during the morning, charged the pits and driving the rebels\\nout at the point of the bayonet, covered the trenches, and returned to their\\nown Vv ith a loss of two killed and four wounded. On our left, for some\\nhours, the fire of the sharpshooters was quite hot from a house above and\\nthe rebel trenches. The 2(1 JNIichigau charged there also in the most gallant\\nmanner and drove the rebels back, a fierce and bloody engagement ensued\\nwith great loss on both sides, our boys remaining in jjossessiou of the works,\\nwhich tliey obliterated and fell back.\\nThe regiment also lost heavily at the charge following the springing of\\nthe mine July 30th. It belonged to Wilcox s division. In the Annual\\nCyclopaedia is the following notice of its division and corps:\\nAt length the 9th corps was reformed after a fatal delay, and\\nwith Gen. Potter s division on the right, Lediie s in the centre, and Wil-\\ncox s on the left, under cover of the fire of two guns, began the charge. At\\nevery step the fire of the enemy in front, and on each flank concentrated\\nwith greater fury upon them, and ploughed their ranks with slaughter.\\nThe charge was checked on the side of the crest, there was a halt, and\\nfinally, the whole line wavering under terrible odds, recoiled to the fort.\\nLieut. Edward A. Sherman was wounded before Petersburg June 18th,\\n18G4, and died of his wounds August 18th following.\\nLieut. Nelson Fletcher was killed in action near Ox Ford, North Anna\\nriver. May 24th, 1864.\\nLieut. George S. Williams, wounded at Cold Harbor June ud, 18G4, died\\nof his wounds June 15th following.\\nIn General Wilcox s rcptjrt of the attack made by the rebels upon Fort\\nSteadman on our line of works before Petersburg, INIarch 25th, he says of\\nthat aftair, and regarding the defence of Battery No. 9, also in the line of\\nthe Union works, and near the fort mentioned\\nAt a quarter past 4 o clock, on the morning of the 25th March, 1865,\\nthe enemy attacked the entrenchments held by the 3d brigade of this divi-\\nsion, (1st and 9th corps.) The brigade picket officer. Captain Burch, 3d\\nMaryland, reports that he visited the picket line at 4 o clock of that morn-\\ning, and saw that the men were on the alert. After visiting the line he re-\\nturned to his headquarters in front of Fort Steadman and Battery No. 11.\\nHe states that in a few minutes after his return a man on the lookout gave\\nnotice that the enemy were approaching at the same time the men on the\\npost fired their pieces. One column moved towards the right of Battery\\nNo. 10 a small column moved towards a point between Fort Steadman and\\nBattery No. 11 a third column moved direct towards Steadman. These\\ncolumns were preceded by a strong storming party, which broke through\\nthe pickets, clubbing their muskets, and made openings in the abatis. The\\ntrench guards made sufficient resistance to arouse the garrison of the en-\\nclosed works in the immediate neighborhood but the column which struck\\nto the right of Battery No. 10 quickly succeeded in breaking through and\\neffecting an entrance to that battery, which is entirely open in the rear.\\nThis success gave them at once a great advantage over Fort Steadman, as\\nU", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "322 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe ground just in rear of Battery No. 10 is on a level with the parapet of\\nthe fort.\\nThe fort had also a comparatively small line of infantry parapet, par-\\nticularly was this the case in front, which was cut up with embrasures for\\nartillery. The garrison of the fort consisted of a detachment of the 14th\\nNew York heavy artillery, under Major Randall, and made quite a spirited\\nresistance but were finally overpowered, and most of them captured.\\nThe commanding officer of the brigade. Brevet Brigadier-General A. B,\\nMcLaughlin, had reached Battery No. 11 from his headquarters before this,\\nand given some directions about the disposition of the troops on the left\\nflank.\\nThe guns and even the mortars in both Steadman and Battery No. 11\\nwere used against the enemy. Detachments of the 1st Connecticut heavy\\nartillery at the mortars behaved very handsomely. General McLaughlin\\nwas captured near the gorge of the fort, but whether after the enemy had\\ngot in, or while they were attacking is unknown. Captain Swords, ordnance\\nofficer on my staff and division staff-officer of the day, also reached Fort\\nSteadman from these lieadquarters before it was fully in the enemy s pos-\\nsession, and was captured at the fort.\\nThe right column, with the aid of troops from Steadman, now succeeded\\nin gaining Battery No. 11. Their left column turned down the works to\\ntheir left towards Battery No. 9, taking the 57th Massachusetts in the\\ntrenches in flank and rear, capturing a part of them. The remainder re-\\ntired to the rear, reassembled, and afterwards did good work as skirmishers\\nwith General Hartranft s troops. The 2d Michigan fought the enemy on\\nthis flank, from their bomb-proofs and traverses, in the most spirited man-\\nner, until they were drawn in by order of tlieir brigade commander (Brevet\\nColonel Ralph Ely) to Battery No. 9, Avhich, though small, is an enclosed\\nwork.\\nIn pursuance of my orders, Colonel Ely deployed perpendicular to and\\nto the rear of his entrenchments, a portion of the 1st IMichigau sharp-shooters\\nas skirmishers promptly taking them from the right of our line for this pur-\\npose. I also directed him to press the enemy on his left as much as possi-\\nble. Finding themselves opposed in this direction, the enemy halted for\\nmore of their troops to come up.\\nThe enemy s skirmishers now came down the hill directly to the rear of\\nSteadman, and moved towards my headquarters, tlie Friend House, the\\nDunn House battery, and in the direction of Meade s Station, and this for\\na time rendered my communication witli the 3d brigade long and circuitous.\\nMeantime, I had oi dcrcd out the 17th Michigan, acting as an engineer\\nregiment attached to my headquarters, and sent word to tlic commanding\\nofticers of the 200tli and 209th Pennsylvania, encamped between Meade s\\nStation and Dunn House battery, to move respectively, one to the Friend\\nHouse, and the other in front of the Dunn House battery. Tliese regiments\\npromptly appeared. Brigadier-General Hartranft, commanding the 3d\\ndivision, now came up in person, and I requested him to move his available\\nforce direct upon the fort. He promptly and gallantly took command of\\nthe two regiments already out, without waiting for the rest of his command.\\nI ordered the 17th Michigan to deploy as skirmishers on his right. This\\nregiment, with only one hundred men in its ranks, under command of Major\\nMathews, moved forward at the same time with General Hartranft s line,\\ncapturing most of the enemy s skirmishers in their front, about twenty-five\\nin number, and inclining to the right, connected with the skirmishers of\\nEly s brigade. While Hartranft was operating in rear of Steadman the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "THE THIRD INFANTRY. 323\\nenemy s force, which had moved towards Battery No. 9 and halted, was\\nreinforced by Ransom s brigade, and opened an attack uj)on that battery.\\nThis attack was handsomely repulsed by my skirmishers and troops of tlic\\n2d brigade in Battery No. 9, assisted by artillery, particularly one piece\\nof Romcr s battery, under Major Romer himself The enemy attempted to\\nretreat back to their own entrenchments when they were charged by de-\\ntachments of the 2d Michigan, who captured some prisoners. Troops of\\nthe 20th and 2(1 Michigan also threw themselves into the picket line of the\\n2d brigade, and poured such a fire on the flank of the enemy that over 300\\nthrew down their arms and surrendered themselves on the spot.\\nAfter several other sharp engagements the enemy were repulsed on both\\nflanks by troops of Wilcox s division, and much demoralized by the artil-\\nlery fire, broke in small detachments from Steadnum back to their own\\nlines, pursued by the Union trooj)s. The 17th Michigan, on the exti-eme\\nright of the division, dashed forward and gained the trenches held by the\\nenemy, taking many prisoners.\\nThe 2d brigade was commanded by Col. Ralph Ely, 8th Michigan, in\\nwhich were the 1st Michigan sharp-shooters, 2d and 20th Michigan infantry.\\nThe 17th INIichigau was ou detail at division headquarters as engineer\\nregiment.\\nTHE THIRD INFANTRY.\\nThe od infantry, raised at Grand Rapids, was patriotic and prompt, and\\nin command of Colonel Daniel McConnell, who had organized the regi-\\nment, took the field soon after the 2d regiment, in time to participate with\\nthe brigade (Richardson s) in the engagement with the rebels at Black-\\nburn s Ford. It afterwards belonged to Berry s celebrated brigade, of\\nKearney s division, and passed through the battles of the disastrous Penin-\\nsula campaign. It fought at Williamsburg, May 5th at Fair Oaks, i\\\\Iay\\n30th at Glendalale, or Charles City Cross-roads, June 30th at Malvern\\nHill, July 1st; being particularly distinguished at Fair Oaks, while in com-\\nmand of Colonel S. G. Champlin, where its losses were 40 killed, 124\\nwounded, and 15 missing. Among the wounded was Colonel Champlin, and\\namong the killed Captain Samuel A. Judd.\\nLieutenant-Colonel A. A. Stevens, commanding the regiment after Col-\\nonel Chani])lin was wounded, makes mention in his report of the part taken\\nl)y the )(1 in this eugagi ment as fjllows:\\nAt about 2 o clock P. M., an order was received to take our position in\\nrear of the redoubt on our right, which was immediately complied with.\\nWe remained in this position but a short time, when we took up the line of\\nmarch across the fields and parallel with the Williamsburg road, hastening\\nas rapidly as possible towards the front, where our troops had for some\\ntime previously been actively engaged. The distance being about one\\nmile and a half from the redoubt to the scene of action, was soon passed\\nover, when Colonel Champlin received orders to lead his regiment at once\\ninto action, deploying at the same time in line of battle upon the left of\\nthe road, our right resting upon an abatis, while the left was thrown for-\\nward at a double-quick into a thicket of pines.\\nThe engagement now became general, and it was with the greatest diffi-\\nculty that our corps of sharp-shooters, under command of Captain Judd,\\ncould penetrate this mass of fallen timber and dislodge the enemy from\\ntheir strong position; but the steady and cool behavior of our men, and\\nwith the telling effect of the deadly aim of their rifles, soon compelled", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "324 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURIXCr THE REBELLION.\\nthem to fall back, while our regiment pressed forward, charging through\\nthe fallen timl)er and driving the enemy beyond the fence in rear, of the\\ncamp of General Palmer s brigade, some eighty rods distant, when they\\nagain formed and made another stand. It was at this time that the brave\\nColonel Champlin received a severe wound, which prevented him from\\ntaking further part in the action.\\nI also beg leave to call your attention to the gallant Captain Judd, who\\nfell Avhile bravely leading our sharp-shooters in tlie early part of the action.\\nHe was one of the bravest of the brave, and his loss will be deeply re-\\ngretted by the regiment and all who knew him.\\nPrince De Joinville, having watched the^ determined and persistent fight-\\ning of the Michigan troops at Fair Oaks, says in his able report of the\\noperations of McClellan s army on the Peninsula of Berry s brigade:\\nMeanwhile Heintzclman rushes to the rescue with his two divisions.\\nAs at Williamsburg, Kearney arrives in good time to re-establish the fight.\\nBerry s brigade of this division, composed of Michigan regiments, {2d, 8d,\\nand 5th infantry,) and an Irish battalion, advanced firm as a wall into the\\nmidst of the disordered mass which wanders over the battle-field, and does\\nmore by its example than the most powerful reinforcements. About aniile\\nof grtmnd has been lost, fifteen pieces of cannon, tlie camp of the division\\nof the advanced guard, that of Gen. Casey, but now we hold our own.\\nThe 3d was in the engagement at Groveton (or Bull Eun) August 29th,\\nlosing twenty killed and a large number missing, and at Chantilly on Sep-\\ntember 1st.\\nThis regiment, in command of Col. Ijyron M. Pierce, on the 1st of No-\\nvember, left Edward s Ferry, Maryland, and, marching by Warrenton, en-\\ncamped at Falmouth November 2od. Crossing the Rappaliaunock on the\\nloth of December, it was under fire three days at the first battle of Fred-\\nericksburg, sustaining a loss of nine in Avounded.\\nThe regiment was also specially engaged at Chancellorsville, being in the\\n3d brigade, 1st division, (Birney s,) od corps, (Sickles one of the divisions\\nwhich formed part of the troops composing the recouuoissance in force made\\nby Gen. Sickles to ascertain the position of StoncAvall Jackson, Avho was\\nthreatening an attack on the extreme right of our army. In this movement\\nGen. Sickles became cut off from his coinmunications, which were ailer-\\nwards regained ])y a desperate night attack. Colonel B. B. Pierce, then\\ncommanding the regiment, in his report mentions the afiair as follows\\nA[)ril 28, 1863, we broke camp and once more moved towards the Rap-\\npahannock, crossed it at United States Ford May 1st, and moved up near\\nthe Chancellorsville House and went into position, supporting the first line\\nof battle. On the 2d we were moved to the front and drove the enemy fair\\nmiles, but soon f)und that he had turned the right flank of the 11th corps\\nand that we were nearly cut off, but fell back to near our position of the\\nmorning before, and there charged the Avoods at 10 P. SI. and opened com-\\nmunication Avith the main army. At daylight of the 3d Ave Avero fired into\\nby the enemy, and after a long and severe struggle were forced back one\\nmile to a new position, Avhich Ave held until the morning of the 6th, Avhen\\nAVe recrossed the river and occupied our old camps, our Avhole loss in this\\nmovement Avas sixty-three killed, Avounded, and missing.\\nThe attack on the morning of the 3d Avas most desperate the infiintry\\nof the enemy Avere adA^anced in overwhelming numbers fi)r the purpose of\\ncrushing the Federal line, but Avere checked by the fi)rces of Sickles and\\nSlocum. The 3d lost in this hard-fought battle sixty-three in killed, wound-\\ned, and missing. Among the killed Avas Capt. Joseph Mason.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "THE THIRD INFANTRY. 325\\nThe regiment was engaged at Gettysburg July 2(1, 3cl, and 4tli, and sus-\\ntained its share of the desperatQ rebel attack upon the 3d corj)s near IJouud\\nTop. Its losses in the three days were forty-one killed, wounded, and\\nmissing.\\nOn the 7th of November, 18G3, the 3d, in command of Lieut. Col. M. B.\\nHoughton and then serving in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, moved\\nforward with the Army of the Potomac to Kelly s Ford, on the Itappahan-\\nnock, and thence marched to Brandy Station, on the Orange and Alexan-\\ndria railroad, where it went into camp. On the 26th the regiment took part\\nin the JNline Kun campaign, engaging the enemy on the 27th at Locust\\n(jirove and on the 30th at ISline Kun. Having fallen back with the army,\\nit again arrived at its camp at Brandy Station on the 2d of December, hav-\\ning lost during the movement thirty-one killed, Avounded, and missing. On\\nthe 23d of December one hundred and eiglity of the regiment re-pnlisted as\\nveteran volunteers. Returning to this State, these veterans were given the\\nusual furlough of thirty days, at the expiration of which they returned to\\nthe regiment. Crossing the liapidau at Ely s Ford on the morning of the\\n4th of i\\\\Iay, 1804, the regiment advanced and encamped at Chancellors-\\nville. On the three following days the regiment participated in the battles\\nof the Wilderness, sustaining a heavy loss, including Capts. Andrew Nick-\\ncrson and Milton Leonard, killed on the 6th. It was also engaged at Tc^dd s\\nTavern on the 8th. On the 12th, at Spottsylvania, it participated in the\\nsuccessful charge of the 2d corps, captuHnga number of prisoners and two\\nrebel battle Hags. Prior to this engagement the 3d was consolidated tem-\\nporarily with the 5th infantry. The regiment also took part in the engage-\\nment on the North Anna river thence it marched to the Pamunkey, which\\nit crossed on the 27th and advanced toward (^old Harbor, and took part in\\nthe fight at that place on June 7th. In addition to the engagements men-\\ntioned, the 3d also participated in a number of minor actions and skirmishes.\\nIts loss during the month of INIay was 31 killed, 119 wounded, and 2!) miss-\\ning. Ou the 5Jth of June, at Cold Harbor, Va., the regiment, with the ex-\\nce[)tion of the re-enlisted men and such as had joined since the date of origi-\\nnal organization and certain designated officers, were ordered to proceed to\\nthis State for the purpose of being discharged. The remaining officers and\\nmen were formed into a battalion of four companies and attached to the 5th\\nMichigan infantry. The order consolidating these regiments was confirmed\\nby si)ecial orders of the AVar Dei)artmeut issued on tlie 13th of June, 1864.\\nOn the 20th day of June the organization, whicli had been one of the first\\nin the field, was formally mustered out of the Uiiited States service.\\nThe career of this regiment was brilliant throughout the war, and, while\\nit maintained its reputation for bravery and effective service in all other\\nengagements, Fair Oaks, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg stand out jiromi-\\nnently in its glorious record.\\nThe regiment having been mustered out of service on the 20th of June,\\norders were issued from the Adjutant-Generars office of the State to reor-\\nganize the regiment. Col. M. B. Houghton, of the old regiment, was au-\\nthorized to proceed with this duty, and the camp Avas fixed at Grand Rapids.\\nThe regiment left for the field in Tennessee ou the 20th October following,\\njM-oceeding to Nashville, and from thence to Decatur, Alabama. On the\\n23d of November, while stationed there, its advance picket on the INIoulton\\nand Courtlaml road was driven in, when five companies moved out and\\nencountered a small force of the enemy, di-iving it back without loss. On\\ntiie 2- )th the regiment moved towards ]\\\\IurlVeesboro Tennessee, arriving\\nthere on the 27tli, and was ordered to duty at Fort Rosecrans. While Gen.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "326 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nMilroy was engaged at the Cedars, with the principal part of Forrest s com-\\nmand, Faulkner s brigade of mounted infantry, on the 7th of December,\\nmade a dash on the picket line at Murfreesboro driving in the pickets, and\\ngaining possession of the town, when four companies of the reofiment, toge-\\nther with four companies of the 181st Ohio, with a section of artfilery, after\\na spirited engagement of an hour, repulsed the enemy, re-establishing the\\npicket line, drove him for nearly two miles, when the command was with-\\ndrawn and returned to the fort. On the 9th, while the regiment was on a\\nforaging expedition, it came up with the rear guard of the enemy, consist-\\ning of the 7th and 12th Kentucky mounted infantry, taking five prisoners.\\nOn the 15th it marched to the relief of a supply train which had been at-\\ntacked on the way from Stevenson, Ala., and on approaching the point a\\nskirmish took place, wdien the force retired, leaving their dead and wounded\\non the ground.\\nAlthough going into service Jate in the war, with but little opportunity\\noffered to make its record, this regiment fully demonstrated its i-eliable fight-\\ning qualities and acquitted itself with credit, maintaining to the fullest ex-\\ntent, when occasion offered, the gallant reputation of the old 3d.\\nTHE FOURTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 4th infantry went to the field with great dispatch, in command of\\nthe lamented Colonel Woodbury, who had recruited and organized it at\\nAdrian. The regiment was in the first Bull Run engagement, and retired\\nfrom that field in good order, covering the retreat of the Union army from\\nthat disastrous affair. It went to the Peninsula with General McClellan,\\nand was the first regiment to open fire upon the rebels at New Bridge, May\\n24, 1862 the commencement of what are known as the seven days battles,\\nwhen five companies of the regiment crossed the Chicahominy a short dis-\\ntance above New Bridge, wading the stream under a heavy fire. The gal-\\nlantry of the regiment was made at the time the subject of a dispatcli to\\nthe NVar Department from General JMcClelhui, which mentioned the affair\\nas follows: Three skirmishes to-day. We drove the rebels from JMcchan-\\nicsville seven miles from New Bridge. The 4th jMicliigan about finished\\nthe Louisiana Tigers. Fifty prisoners and fifty killed and wountled. The\\n4th, in common with the other Michigan regiments, maintained tlie honor\\nof our State, and nobly acquitted itself in all the engagements of the Penin-\\nsula campaign, but ])robably in none more so than in the sanguinary con-\\nflict at Malvern Hill, where it became conspicuously and specially notice-\\nable in resisting the numerous and desperate charges of the rebels on its\\nlines, the men fighting until all their cartridges were expended, then using\\nthose taken from the boxes of their fallen comrades. On that field fell its\\nbrave commander. Colonel Woodbury, while at the head of his regiment.\\nHis military career had been as bright as the record of his regiment, and had\\nhe been spared, his services would have placed him high in rank and fame,\\nas he was gifted with all the requisites to render success certain. It also\\nlost two other meritorious officers, Cajjtains Du Puy and Pose, while Cap-\\ntain Spalding and Ijieutenants Gordon and I ^arle were wounded, and from\\nJune 2Gth to July 1st, both inclusive, the aggregate loss in the regiment\\nwas i o killed, 144 wounded, and 49 missing. In a report made by Cai^taiu\\nJohn F. liandoljjh innnediately following the engagement, he says:\\nThe enemy commenced the attack about 2 P. M., and at 4 o clock the\\naction became general. The regiment held its ground against fearful odds\\nuntil its amnmnition was expended, when it fell back, contesting every foot", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTH INFANTRY. 327\\nof the ground until relieved by the 2d New Jersey. At evening the action\\nclosed, and we again held our first line. Our loss was heavy in both\\nofficers and men. It was here Captain Richard Du Puy fell, while gal-\\nlantly leading his men.\\nOn the following morning our position was again changed, and about 3\\nP. M. the enemy appeared in our front in heavy force. We were ordered\\nto advance, and in a few moments came within range of the enemy, when\\nwe ()i)cned a destructive fire. Colonel Woodbury was everywhere i)resent,\\nand by his example and courage inspired every one with renewed vigor.\\nAbout half an hour after the action commenced he was mortally wounded,\\nthe ball penetrating the head just above the right eye. While being borne\\nfrom the field his last words were: Good-bye, boys. Captain A. M. Rose\\nwas also killed about the same time.\\nAt tShepherdstown Ford, September 21, it forded the Potomac in face of\\na battery, killed and drove oft the enemy, and captured the guns. The\\nregiment was also in the battles at Fredericksburg, December loth and\\n14tli, where its casualties were 9 killed, 41 wounded, and 1 missing.\\nOn the oOth and 31st of December the regiment was engaged in a recon-\\nuoissance to Morrisville, making a inarch of thirty-three miles on the latter\\nday. It was engaged in a movement of the 20th of January, 1863, but,\\nmarching only a few miles, returned to camp near Falmouth, where it re-\\nmained until May 1st. ]May 4th it particij)ated in the battle of Chancel-\\nlorsville, with a loss in killed, wounded,- and missing of 30.\\nFollowing the regiment to Gettysburg, we find it i)rominently engaged on\\nthat important and bloody battle-field, bearing a part of the brunt with\\nthe 5th corps, and sustaining a loss of 26 killed, 66 wounded, and 79\\nmissing. Among the killed was its noble commander. Colonel H. H. Jef-\\nfords, a gallant and patriotic officer, who was killed by a rebel bayonet\\nwhile rescuing the colors of his regiment from traitorous hands, and among\\nthe Wounded were Ca})tains Frencli, Robinson, and McLean, and Lieu-\\ntenants Brown, Vreeland, Barrett, Westfall, and Seage.\\nAfter the death of Colonel Jeffords, Lieutenant-Colonel Lombard as-\\nsumed command of the regiment.\\nIn the battle of the Wilderness, the 4th being in the 2d brigade, 1st\\ndivision, (Griffin s,) of the 5th corps, became heavily engaged with loss.\\nGreeley says\\nAt noon General Griffin, whose advance had been driven in, was\\nordered to push f )rward the 1st division of the 5th corps to the riglit and\\nleft of the turn})ike and feel the enemy. An advance of less than a mile,\\nstretching across the turni)ike, brought them in contact with the enemy,\\nunder Lieutenant-General Ewell, posted on a wooded declivity. A sharp\\nengagement ensued for an hour, when the pressure of the enemy could no\\nlonger be resisted. General Griffin s division was driven back, leaving two\\npieces of artillery in the hands of the enemy.\\nIn this engagement fell Colonel Lombard and Captain W. II. Loveland,\\nthe former while gallantly leading his regiment, and the latter while\\nbravely doing his duty. The Colonel died next day, and Captain Love-\\nland oix the 31st of the same month, both efficient and courageous officers.\\njNIalvern Hill, Gettysburg, and the Wilderness will never be forgotten\\nby the survivors of the 4th Michigan.\\nOn the night of tlie 7th the command moved towards Spottsylvania, ar-\\nriving at Laurel Hill on the morning of the (Sth. It here became engaged\\nwith the euenvy, and again on the 9th. On the 10th it assisted in a charge\\nupon and capture of the enemy s ritie pits, losing 20 killed and wounded.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "328 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nOn the 11th and 12th the regiment Avas in the advanced lines of the corps,\\nand on the loth and 14th was engaged as skirmishers. On the evening of\\nthe latter date the command moved to the left of the army near Spottsyl-\\nvania Court-house, and remaining thei-e until the 19th, it then took part in\\nthe movement to the North Anna river, which it crossed on the 24th near\\nJericho Mills, the regiment participating in tlie engagement at this place.\\nOn the night of the 26th the regiment recrossed the North Anna river and\\nmarched to Hanovertown, crossing the Pamiuikey river on the 28th. On\\nthe 29th, 30th, and 31st of May, and 1st of June, it was engaged as skir-\\nmishers, and on the 3d it participated in the capture of the enemy s line of\\nworks near Bethesda Church. On the 5th the regiment marched to Bot-\\ntom s Bridge, and on the 14th crossed the James river at Wilcox s Land-\\ning, whence it proceeded to the lines in front of Petersburg, where it arrived\\non the 16th. On the next day the regiment was engaged as skirmishers,\\nand on the 19th participated in the engagement of that date, losing eight\\nkilled and wounded.\\nThe term of the regiment having expired on the 19th of June, 1864, it\\nreturned to the State on the 26th, and on the 28th the companies were mus-\\ntered out of service. A portion of the regiment remained in service on duty\\nwitli tlie 1st infantry, and served with it until the close of the war, when\\nthey joined the new organization.\\nThe regiment was reorganized under orders of July 26, 1864, Col. J. W.\\nHall, late lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, taking command of its camp\\nat Adrian. On the 22d of October following it left Adrian, and arrived at\\nDecatur, Ala., on the 28th, in time to participate in tlie defence of that town,\\nwhich had been attacked by the rebel army under Hood. In this engage-\\nment it lost five in killed and wounded, establishing a reputation in the field\\nworthy of the brave old regiment.\\nGeneral Meade at Chancellorsville directed General Griffin to send two\\nregiments to hold an important point. The General reported to him that\\nhe had sent them. General Meade asked, Can they hold it Griffin\\nreplied, General, they are Michigan men. Meade insisting on being\\nassured, said emphatically, Can they hold it? Griffin quickly and em-\\nphatically answered, General, they can hold it against hell They were\\nthe 4th and 16th Michigan.\\nTHE FIFTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 5th infantry, usually designated the Fighting Fifth, left Detroit\\nfor Virginia on the 11th of September, 1861, commanded by Colonel Henry\\nD. Terry, and first commenced to battle for the Union and freedom at Wil-\\nliamsburg, on May 5th fullowing, while serving in Berry s brigade of Kear-\\nney s division. In this engagement the regiment beliaved with great gal-\\nlantry, and was eminently efficient; but sustaining a less, in a force of 500,\\nof 34 killed and 119 wounded, including among the killed Lieut. James\\nGunning, and among the wounded Lieutenant-Colonel S. E. Beach. On\\nMay olst it went into the action at Fair Oaks with a force of about 300,\\nlosing 30 killed, 116 wounded, and 5 missing. Captain L. B. Quackenbush\\nand Lieutenant Cliarles 11. Hutch ins being among tlie killed, and Lieut.\\nCharles S. Traverse mortally wounded, and died on the 22d July following.\\nIt was again engaged on the Chicahominy Juno 25th, at Peach Orchard (in\\ntlie 29tli, and at Charles City Cross-roads on the 30th, where it lost 51 in\\nkilled, wounded, and missing. AuKmg the killed was Lieutenant W. T.\\nJohnson, and among the wounded Major John D. Fairbanks, commanding", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "THE FIFTH INFANTRY. 399\\nthe regiment, who died of his wound in Washington on the 5th of July fol-\\nlowing, regarded as a brave and exeni])lary ofticer. It had also a part in\\nthe action at Malvern Hill with slight loss; and was employed at Manassas\\nAugust 28tli, 2Uth, and oOth, and at Chantilly on Septendjer 1st. It Avas\\nengaged heavily at Fredericksburg on the l. hh of December following, with\\na strength of only 330, where it lost 10 killed and 73 wounded am(mg\\nthe former being its commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel John Gilluly,\\na most gallant and worthy officer. On the 15th it recrosscd the Kappahan-\\nnock and encamped near Falmouth. On the 20tli of January, 18()3, the\\nregiment took part in the movement of that date, marching to Bank s Ford,\\nbut without crossing the river, returned to its old camp and went into winter\\nquarters.\\nThe 5th under command of Lieutenant-Colonel E. T. Sherlock, was en-\\ngaged at the Cedars, May 2, 1863, and at Chancellor s on the 3d, where it\\nformed a part of the division of the 3d corps, which attacked and cut off\\nthe rear of Stonewall Jackson s forces in his movement threatening the de-\\nstruction of the right flank of the Union army. It also participated in the\\ndesperate and dashing midnight charge, which stands Avithout a parallel in\\nthe war, made for the purpose of opening the communication with the\\nUnion army which had been lost in the movement. In this charge Stone-\\nwall Jackson fell.\\nNext morning the 5th together Avith the od Michigan charged and drove\\na brigade of rebels, taking a number of j )risoners, and holding the enemy\\nin check until the division formed on a second line. Lieutenant Colonel\\nSherlock fell in the engagement of the 3d, a brave and meritorious officer,\\nand the aggregate loss of the regiment in both battles was 7 killed, 43\\nwounded, and 31 missing. Major Pulford and Lieutenants Colton and\\nHanlon were among the wounded.\\nAt Gettysburg, on July 2d, the regiment, then commanded by Col. Pul-\\nford, after marcliing ten miles in three hours during the day, at 4 P. J\\\\I. be-\\ncame heavily engaged with the enemy in defending Sickles advanced posi-\\ntion, the men using the cartridges of their fallen comrades. Its casualties\\nwere great, losing in one hour 105. Among the killed Avere Captain Gen-\\nerous and Lieutenant Phelan, two valuable officers. In the list of Avounded\\nAvere Colonel Pulford, Major Mathews, and Lieutenants Colville, Pierce,\\nKouse, Braden, Hurlbut, and Stevens.\\nOn the 3d of July it assisted in repelling the final charge on Cemetery\\nHill. During both days its losses Avere 19 killed, 80 Avounded, and 4 miss-\\nThe 5th was encamped, on the 1st of November, 1863, near Bealton Sta-\\ntion, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. On the 7th it crossed the\\nRappahannock at Kelly s Ford, and bivouacked near Brandy Stati(m on\\nthe 12th, occupying Avinter quarters Avhich the rebel forces had abandoned.\\nParticipating in the movement of the army to Mine Kun, the regiment\\ncrossed the Kapidan on the 26th, and on the 27th Avas actively engaged at\\nLocust Grove, losing a number in killed and Avounded, I^ieut. Daniel B.\\nAVyker being among the killed. On the 2Uth the regiment arrived in front\\nof the enemy s positicm at Mine Kun, and on the 36th supported a battery\\nfor 36 hours. Falling back with the army, the regiment reached its former\\ncamp, near Brandy Station, on the 30th of December.\\nOn the 3d of May, 1864, the regiment, in command of Colonel Pol ford,\\nentered upon the great campaign of the Avar. It crossed the Kaj)idan at\\nan early hour on the 4th, and at 4 P. jNI. reached the old battle-field at\\nChaucellorsville, having accomplished a distance of thirty-four miles in\\nU", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "^30 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nseventeen liours, the men each cariyinq; the weight of five days rations and\\nsixty rounds of cartridges. On the 5th the enemy were met on the road\\nleading to Orange Court-house. The regiment participated in the despe-\\nrate struggle which ensued, sustaining, in this and tlie following day, a se-\\nvere loss in killed and wounded. Captain George W. Rose was here mor-\\ntally wounded, and died of his wounds on the 20th. On the 0th, in\\ncommand of Captains Walkenshaw and Shook, each commanding a wing,\\nColonel Pulford and IMajor Mathews being wounded on the day previous,\\nit shared in a successful charge on the enemy s works. Sergeant Joseph\\nKemp capturing a stand of rebel colors. In this charge Captain Wilber-\\nforce Hurlburt, while leading his company, was shot through the head and\\ninstantly killed.\\nOn the 17th, the enemy having retreated, the regiment followed in pur-\\nsuit, overtaking them at noon on the 8th. A portion of the regiment was\\ndeployed as skirmishers, and the whole command was under a heavy artil-\\nlery fire during the remainder of the day and until noon of the 10th. On\\nthe 11th the regiment was again engaged, suffering severely from the fire\\nof the enemy s musketry and artillery. On the r2th, the 5th (with Avhich\\nthe remnant of the 3d IMichigan infantry had been temporarily consoli-\\ndated,) participated in the charge made on the enemy s works on the right,\\nat Spottsylvania Court-house. The command captured in this charge two\\nstand of rebel colors, one taken by William lienwick, company D, and the\\nother by Corporal Benjamin Morse, of company E. Both were members\\nof the 3d infantry.\\nAfter various forced marches the regiment arrived in front of the enemy s\\nposition, on the North Anna rivei on the 23d, and assisted in taking their\\nworks on the north bank of that stream, capturing a number of prisoners,\\nand driving the rebel forces into and across the river. It engaged on the\\n24th in stregthening the works erected, the command holding their position\\nunder a heavy fire. During the afternoon the regiment crossed the river\\nin the face of a very heavy fire of shot and shell, and again compelled the\\nenemy to retire before them. Here Lieutemint Samuel Pcarce was killed.\\nAt an early hour on the 27th it recrossed the North Anna, forming part of\\nthe force that efiectually covered the movements of its corps, and at 11 A.\\nM. marched toward the Pamunkey river, which it crossed at 4 P. INI. of the\\nsame day, having marched fifteen miles in five hours. On the 29th, 30th,\\nand 31st, strong breastworks were thrown up, the men working day and\\nnight, although living on scanty rations and almost worn out with the\\nrapid marching and fatigues of the campaign. On the latter date the\\nregiment took j)art in a charge upon and capture of a strong line of rebel\\nworks. It reached the position at Cold Harbor on the 5th, and imuie-\\ndiately commenced the construction of breastworks. The 3d Michigan\\ninfantry was at this point on the 10th, permanently consolidated with the\\n5th.\\nLeaving Cold Harbor on the 12th, and crossing the Chicahominy at\\nLong Bridge, the comnuxnd reached Charles City Court-house on the 13th,\\nand on the 14th crossed the James river, arriving in front of Petersburg at\\n10 P. M. of the loth. On the IGth it threw up intrenchments during the\\nday, and at evening (again in command of Colonel Pulford) was heavily\\nengaged with the enemy, assisting in taking one of their lines of Avorks.\\nOn the 18th the regiment again ])articipated in a successful charge on the\\nenemy s lines, holding their position on the 19th and 20th under a heavy\\nfire. Crossing the Sutiblk railroad on the 21st, the regiment moved on the\\nenemy s right and engaged as skirmishers. The rebels fiankiug its posi-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "THE FIFTH INFANTRY. 331\\ntion, it was obliged to retire with some loss. It, however, advanced later\\niu the day and retook its position.\\nOctober 27th it marched to the Boydton plank road, and j)articipated in\\nthe attack made on the enemy s right, sustaininiz; a small loss in officers and\\nmen, including among the killed Adjutant J. F. McGinly and Lieutenant\\nS. A. Boyd. The regiment captured a large number of prisoners in this\\nbattle, llaving returned to its old position in front of Petersburg, on the\\n31st of October it received orders to garrison Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem\\nplank road. The casualties in the engagements in which the regiment\\n])articipated during the year were: At Kelly s Ford,! wounded; Ijocust\\nGrove 1 killed, 15 wounded, 2 missing total, 18 JNIine Run, 3 wounded;\\nWilderness, 38 killed, 1G7 wounded, 16 missing total 221 Spottsylvania\\nCourt-house, G killed, GO wounded, 9 missing total, 75 North Anna river,\\n1 killed, 9 wounded, 1 missing total, 11 Tolopotamy Creek, 2 killed, 4\\nwounded, 11 missing total, 17 before Petersburg, 15 killed, 52 wounded,\\n19 missing total, 8G Deep Bottom, 12 wounded; Boydton Plank Road,\\n9 killed, 52 wounded, 43 missing total, 105 being an aggregate of 73\\nkilled, 3G5 Avounded, and 101 missing, and a total of 549.\\nOn the 25th of INIarch, 1 8G5, the regiment participated in the attack ou\\nthe enemy s works near Hatcher s Run, where it assisted in driving him\\nfrom his hrst line of works, after a heavy engagement of four hours. Re-\\nmaining at that point until the 29th, it moved about six miles to the left,\\nand on the morning of the 30th tiie regilnent was deployed as skirmishers\\nand became engaged with the enemy s pickets, and after driving them within\\ntheir main line of woi ks, near Fort Harney, fire was opened on the regiment\\nfrom three batteries, but it succeeded in holding its ground until the otli\\ncorps got into positiori, when the line was maintained. On the 2d the regi-\\nment, with the 1st JNIassachusetts heavy artillery, made a demonstration on\\nthe enemy s works for the purpose of developing his position and strength.\\nThis being accomplished with but small loss, the command held its position\\nduring the night, and the next morning the regiment, with its corps, parti-\\ncipated in the general assault on the enemy s fortifications, which resulted\\nin carrying his entire line of works and the capture of Petersburg, and is re-\\nported to luive been the first regiment to raise its colors on the works. In\\nfollowing up the retreat of that part of the enemy which took the line of\\nthe 8outh Side railroad, the regiment was deployed as skirmishers, and on\\nthe 4th and 5th pressing his rear guard closely. On the Gth he made a\\nstand at Sailor s creek to ])rotect the crossing of his baggage, when the ))ri-\\ngade made a charge, capturing 173 wagons, the regiment taking a stand\\nof cohjrs and 145 prisoners. The enemy being followed up closely by the\\nbrigade, ou the 7th and 8th, the regiment acting as flankers and skirmish-\\ners, became engaged at New Store, and on the 9th was iu the front in line\\nof battle at Glover Hill at the surrender of Lee.\\nThis regiment was continually pitching in whenever opi)ortunity ofTered,\\nand had space permitted it would have been interesting to have traced its\\nentire career iu the war of the rebellion, as its fighting re(u)nl from Wil-\\nliamsburg to Appomattox Court-house is most glorious and brilliant.\\nThe foUowing letter of Gen. Berry, on Michigan troops and Michigan,\\nwas written to a friend in Washington\\nTo all my sick and wminded in hospital you chance to visit give mv\\nwarmest regards f )r their welfare. May they speedily recover. So gallant\\na set of men should not suffer for want of anything. I trust they will be\\namply provided foi as you intimate they are. A nobler set of men never", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "332 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nlived. Any man can Avin fights with such material. I have received ten\\ntimes more credit than I am entitled to for the part performed by my poor\\nself in the late bloody battle. Such troops as 1 lead are bound to conquer,\\nno matter who leads them.\\nPlease give my compliments to all those Michigan men in Washington\\nwho take such interest in this brigade. Say to them that they are fortu-\\nnate to hail from such a State that has such gallant sons. God bless the\\nState and peoj)le of JNIichigan for the i^art it and they have taken to crush\\nout this most unholy of all rebellions.\\nTruly, your sincere friend,\\nH. G. BERRY,\\nBrigadier- General in command oj Brigade\\nThe brigade referred to was composed of the 2d, 3d, and 5th INIichigan\\ninfantry and the 1st and o7tli New York infantry, and this letter was writ-\\nten immediately following the last battle on the Peninsula.\\nThe following letter is from Gen. Phillip Kearney\\nHeadquarters Third Division,\\nHeintzelman s Corps, May 10, 1862.\\nHis Excellency Austin Blair, Governor of Michigan\\nSir It gives me great pleasure to address you in order to bring to your\\nimmediate notice the noble and brave manner wdth which the troo])s of\\nyour State in my division conducted themselves in the engagement before\\nWilliamsburg on the 5th instant. The 2d, under Col, Poe, and the 5th,\\nunder Col. Terry, behaved in the most handsome manner. I have the honor\\nto transmit herewith the reports of the colonels of these regiments, together\\nwith that of their general, Gen. Berry, commanding brigade, and also a\\ncopy of one sent in by myself to headquarters. I also send you a copy of\\nthe killed and wounded. Col. Poe served more immediately under my own\\ncommand, and the gallantry and soldierly qualities he displayed rendered\\nhim particularly conspicuous. Col. Terry s regiment (5th) took a ritle-pit\\nof much strength after a severe contest and held possession until the close\\nof the action.\\nVery respectfully, PHILLIP KEARNEY.\\nThe following is a copy of the last letter written by Col. Sherlock, and\\nwas completed when the movement commenced which terminated in the\\nbattle of Chancellorsville, and in which he fell gallantly leading his regi-\\nment\\nAVednesday Morxinc, Aj^ril 29, 18G3.\\nOn ilie march.\\nMy Dear Parents: We left our old camp yesterday afternoon at 4\\no clock in a rain storm. Last night, about 10 o clock, we halted in a pine\\ngrove below Fredericksburg, and about a mile from the river. It appears\\nthat Hooker is going to attack the enemy in his strongholds and on his right\\nand left flanks. There appears to be no dispositi(m to attack the enemy s\\ncentre, which is in the city. There is great surmising in the army as to the\\nprobabilities of Hooker s success a great many shake their heads but\\nthere is one conclusion we have all come to, and that is, that Hooker will\\nfight and the loss of life will be awful, for Hooker has to make a reputa-\\ntion. This morning is very foggy. Got to stop; order to move. You can\\nsee Mary s lettei God bless you all.\\nEDWARD.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 333\\nTHE SIXTH INFANTRY.\\nThe peculiar regiment of Michigan was the Gth infantiy, afterwards or-\\nganized as heavy artillery. This splendid and gallant regiment was pecu-\\nliar by reason of its entire isolation, almost amounting to exile, from the\\nrest of the Michigan troops during the whole term of its faithful service.\\nIt left the State in August, 1861, commanded by Col. F. W. Curtenius,\\nunder whose direction it was raised and organized, to join the army in the\\nfield, but was detained at Baltimore, where it remained on duty most of the\\nfollowing winter; thence sailed to Ship Island, Mississippi, and in April,\\n18()2, left that place for New Orleans, constituting a part of Gen. Butler s\\nforce, and was one of the first regiments to occupy the city on its surrender.\\nServing during its whole term in the extreme South, it suffered nuu h from\\nthe complaints incident to that climate, losing more men by disease than\\nany other regiment from this State.\\nThe regiment was engaged at Sewcll s Point, Virginia, March Hth at\\nPort Jackson, Louisiana, April 25th at Vicksburg, Mississippi, INlay 20lh\\nat Grand Gulf, Mississippi, May 27th; and at Amite river, Mississippi, ou\\nthe 20th of June following.\\nThe battles of Baton liouge and Port Hudson, prominent in the history\\nof the rebellion, are among the most conspicuous in which the Gth was en-\\ngaged, and were important in their results, being most decided victories,\\nsecuring to the Union arms strong positions on the line of the IMississippi\\nriver, and which were held during the wat. At Baton Rouge, August r)th,\\n1802, while that place was being heavily attacked by the rebel fon^es in\\nvery superior numbers under Breckinridge, the regiment, then in command\\nof (yajit. Charles E. Clark, received and repulsed the principal attack made\\non that day by the troops led by General Clark, of Mississippi, against the\\nright wing of the Union forces, which, if successful, would have caused the\\nloss of a large part of our artillery and given the enemy a most advantage-\\nous position, and might have led to very damaging results.\\nThe Union forces were commanded by General Thomas Williams, U. S.\\nA., a native of Detroit, and was killed during the engagement, immediately\\nafter saying to the 21st Indiana, Boys, your field oflicers are all gone. I\\nwill load you, His force consisted of seven regiments of infantry, viz:\\nGth jNIichigan, 30th Massachusetts, 7th Vermont, 14th Maine, 21st Indiana,\\n4th Wisconsin, and 9th Connecticut Nims 2d Massachusetts battery, Ev-\\nerett s Gth Massachusetts battery, Manning s 4th IMassachusetts battery,\\nand a section of a battery taken by the 21st Indiana, and attached to that\\nregiment, under command of Lieut. Brown.\\nThe enemy s force consisted of the 4th and oOtli Louisiana, two Mississippi\\nregiments, the 3d, 4th, 5th, Gth, 7th, and 8th Kentucky, two Tennessee regi-\\nments, and one Alabama regiment, with thirteen pieces of artillery, and a\\nlarge guerilla force. Their attacking force numbered fully 6,000 while the\\nUnion force engaged was not over 2,000.\\nIn this engagement the regiment fought by detachments, one commanded\\nby Captain John Cordon, (.ne on picket, under Captain Garret J. Spitzer,\\nand the other commanded by Captain Harrison Sonic.\\nThe importance of the repulse was acknowledged by General Butler in a\\ncongratulatory order issued soon after the affair, in which the regiment was\\nhigldy complimented for its gallant and valuable services, conspicuous\\nbravery, and most determined fighting.\\nFollowing the battle of Baton Kouge the regiment was engaged at Bayou\\nTeche, January 14th, and at Ponchetoola, La., May 16, 1863.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "334 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe regiment, commanded by Col. Thomas S. Clark, formed part of the\\nforce of General Banks which invested Fort Hudson, and which compelled\\nits surrender. Col. Clark, in a report, thus mentions the part taken by his\\nregiment on that occasion\\nOn the 23d of May, 1863, arriving before that stronghold, the regiment\\nwas placed in the most advanced position, and maintained it until the sur-\\nrender, on the 9th of July. During the siege of this formidable place, it\\nparticipated in three desperate assaults upon its works. In the assault of\\nthe 27th of May the regiment, commanded by Col. Clark, led the division\\nof General T. W. Sherman, and lost more than one-third of the men it had\\nengaged, including Lieut. Fred. T. Clark, who fell while gallantly leading\\ncompany D to the charge. In this affair Captain Montgomery led a forlorn\\nhope of 200 volunteers belonging to the regiment. An assault was made\\non the 14th of June, Avhen the 6th, then commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel\\nBacon, advanced by detachments. The leading detachment, commanded\\nby Captain John Cordon, one by Captain Stark following, with the balance\\nof the regiment bringing up the rear. On the 29th of June, the regiment,\\nthen commanded by Captain Cordon, again advanced to the assault, when\\nthirty-five of the regiment, composing a forlorn hope, assailed the enemy s\\nworks at the point known as the Citadel. The party succeeded in gaining\\nthe ditch, but were overpowered and driven back, with a loss of 8 killed\\nand 9 wounded. Among the killed was Sergeant Madison O. Walker, who\\nled the detachment.\\nIn this desperate undertaking, Private Charles Dustin, company F, from\\nDundee, INIich., got over the ditch and into the enemy s works, bringing\\nout a rebel captain at the point of the bayonet, whom he delivered up to\\nthe commanding officer of the regiment.\\nThe conduct of the 6th was so gallant and efficient during the siege that\\nit received the thanks of General Banks and on the 10th of July it was\\ntransferred to the artillery arm of the service on account of its faithful and\\nvaluable service.\\nThis regiment was stationed at Port Hudson, La., until the 11th of March,\\n1864, when the requisite number having been mustered in as Veteran Vol-\\nunteers to preserve the organization, it started for Michigan. The regiment\\narrived at Kalamazoo, where it was furloughed for thirty days. Having\\nagain assembled at Kalamazoo, it returned to Port Hudson, where it ar-\\nrived on the 11th of May, with a very large number of recruits, enlisted while\\nin Michigan. On the 6th of June the regiment was ordered to JNIorganzia,\\nto serve as infantry, where it remained until the 24tli of June. From Mor-\\nganzia it proceeded to Vicksburg, Miss., where it served with the engineer\\nbrigade. Leaving Vicksburg, July 2od, it moved to the mouth of the\\nWhite River, and thence to St. Charles, Ark., where it was attached to a\\nregiment of infantry. A detachment of the regiment, while on a transport\\n671 route from Vicksburg to the White River, was attacked by a rebel bat-\\ntery, losing two killed and a number wounded. Remaining but a short\\ntime at St. Charles, the regiment again returned to Morganzia, where for a\\ntime it was employed as engineers, but soon after its arrival it was ordered\\nto report to the chief of artillery, and again returned to duty as heavy artil-\\nlery. The regiment was present at the bombardment and surrender of Fort\\nMorgan, Ala., but arrived too late to participate.\\nAlmost the entire service of this regiment during the war was rendered\\nin the extreme Southern States, and on the 1st of November, 1864, it was\\nstationed in Alabama, and garrisoned, with its headquarters and compa-\\nnies A, B, D, G, and K, at Fort Morgan, and Fort Gaines, Dauphine", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 335\\nIsland, Mobile Bay, with companies C, E, F, II, and I. Companies B, C,\\nE, F, and H were detached on the 23d of December, and joined an expe-\\ndition nnder Major-Gcneral Gordon Granger, to operate from Pensacola\\nagainst Mobile, and were temporarily attached, as infantry, to the brigade\\nof General Bertram, which led the advance, and so remained until the\\ncampaign was advanced from Mobile Point and Pensacola, on tlie 27th of\\nJanuary, 1865, when Bertram s command made a heavy demonstration on\\nMobile, the whole command being recalled at night and hurriedly trans-\\nferred to the advancing force from the East, the detached companies of this\\nregiment being ordered to their former stations in Forts Morgan and Gaines.\\nOn the 31st of March companies A and K were detached from the com-\\nmand at Fort Morgan, and ordered to the front, to report to Gen. Granger,\\nand were each equipped witli a battery of 10-incli mortars, and on their\\narrival at the front were ordered into position imder tlie guns of panish\\nFort; there they did very tine execution at a range of 1,400 yards. ^Vftcr\\nthe fort was taken, these companies were ordered to man and turn tlic heavy\\ncaptured guns, consisting of 7-inch Brooks rifled and 100-pound Parrotts,\\non the rebel Forts linger and Tracy, and with them performed good ser-\\nvice until all the enemy s works within range were reduced, and Mobile\\nsurrendered.\\nOn the 9th of July following the regiment took steamers for New Orleans,\\nand on the 20th of August was mustered out of service.\\nIn General Butler s order is found the following paragraphs\\nThe commanding General has carefully revised the official reports of\\nthe action of August 5th, at Baton Rouge, to collect the evidence of the\\ngallant deeds and meritorious services of those engaged in that brilliant\\nvictory.\\nThe name of the lamented and gallant General Williams has already\\npassed into history.\\nThe 6th Michigan fought rather by detachments than as a regiment,\\nbut deserves the fullest commendation for the gallant behavior of its offi-\\ncers and men. Companies A, B, and F, under command of Captain Cor-\\ndon, receive special mention for the coolness and courage with which they\\nsupported and retook Brown s battery, rcjuting the 4th Louisiana and cap-\\nturing their colors, which the regiment has leave to send to its native\\nState.\\nCaptain Charles E. Clark, acting Lieutenant-Colonel 6th Michigan,\\nprevented the enemy from flanking our right, bringing his command at\\nthe critical moment to the support of Nim s battery. Lieutenant Ilowell,\\ncompany F, 6th Michigan, and Lieutenant A. T. Ralph, acting adjutant,\\nfor intrepedity Captain Spitzey, 6th Micliigan, in command of the com-\\npany of pickets, who handsomely held in check the enemy s advance the\\nfeai less conduct of Lieutenant Howell, company F, and Sergeant Thayer,\\ncompany A, 6th Michigan regiment, after they were wounded, in support-\\ning Lieutenant BroAvn s battery.\\nCaptain Soule and Lieutenant Fassett, company I, 6th Michigan, as\\nskirmislicrs, were wounded, and deserve special notice for the steadiness of\\ntheir command, Avhich lost heavily in killed and wounded.\\nLieutenant G. Weitzel, (afterwards Major-General,) then Chief Engineer\\nDepartment of the Gulf, and present with the troops in the engagement,\\nsays in his official report: Three companies of the 6th Michigan covered,\\nthemselves with glory in recovering from a large force two guns, posted on\\nthe right of the Magnolia Cemetery, which temporarily were left by our", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "336 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nforces. These same tliree companies captured the colors of the 4th Louis-\\niana, but only after they had shot down four successive color-bearers.\\nNote. Mr. Greeley, in his reliable American Conflict, says of the operations at\\nPort Hudson, May 21, 1863 Never was fighting more heroic than that of our army,\\nassailing nearly equal numbers behind strong defences, approached only through almost\\nimpassable abatis, swept by rebel shell and grape. If valor could have triumphed oyer\\nsuch odds, they would have carried the works but only abject cowardice or pitiable\\nimbecility could have lost such a position to so small an army and the rebels also\\nfought well.\\nIn the valuable work, the American Encyclopedia, is found the following notice of\\nthe same affair: At 2 o clock A. M. (27th) an assault was commenced on the works\\non the centre and left of the centre by the divisions under General Augur and Brig.\\nGeneral Sherman, (T. W.) The enemy was driven into his works and the Federal\\ntroops moved up to the fortifications, holding the opposite side of the parapet with the\\nenemy.\\nAt the siege of Port Hudson the 6th was under the command of General T. W. Sher-\\nman, so prominently engaged on May 28th, and which consisted of the 6th Michigan II.\\nArtillery, 2nd (Duryea s) Zouaves, 128th and 147th regiments N. Y. Infantry, with the\\n26lh Conn. Infantry, and 2 1st Indiana and 2nd Vermont Batteries.\\nAn officer serving at the time with the rebel army in Port Hudson, in his diary says\\nof that day s work About nine o clock in the morning the attack was made in the\\nwoods on Co). Steadman s (rebel) centre, and upon the line of fortifications on General\\nBeall s right. The latter attack, that of Sherman s brigade, was the most imposing in\\nappearance. Emerging from the woods at the distance of about four hundred yards\\nfrom our breastworks, the Zouave regiment charged in line of battle across an open\\nfield. The gay colors of their uniforms contrasted brilliantly with the green and som-\\nbre shades of the trees and field, making a fine mark for our fire. As soon as they ap-\\npeared in sight our artillery opened on them with spherical case, many of them burst-\\ning right in their ranks, but the gaps were quickly closed up, and they came on in\\nsplendid style. As they lessened the distance, our gunners substituted grape for shrap-\\nnel!, and when they finally came within one hundred and fifty yards our guns were\\ndouble-charged with canister, and the infantry receiving the order at the same time to\\nfire, the field was swept with a storm of musket balls and grape-shot.\\nThe advancing line of Zouaves wavered and then halted, while they were dropping\\nfrom the ranks, mown down by our deadly fire, which now became an incessant rattle\\nof musketry, intermingled with rapid discharges of canister from tiie guns.\\nThe Zouaves, after wavering for a while in indecision, finally broke and scattered,\\nmost of the men throwing themselves fiat on the ground behind stumps, logs and ine-\\nqualities of the ground where they now commenced sharp-shooting.\\nAs soon as the Zouaves broke, Sherman s brigade came out of the woods in column,\\nand played to the right and left in line of battle, as prettily as if they were on drill,\\nOur artillerists again had recourse to shell and shrapnell, and the infantry opened oa\\nthis advance sooner than before. Their charge was a good one, and had the advantage\\nof the Zouave line of Sharp-shooters, some of whom were within a hundred yards of\\nour works, and whose Minie balls were whistling over our parapet.\\nBut our men, though opposed by an enemy ten times their number, kept up a with-\\nering fire, and after the brigade had approached a little nearer than the Zouaves had\\ndone, it finally hesitated and wavered. At this sure precursor to a rei)ulse, our boys\\nsent up a shout of triumph for the victory they now saw certain. The enemy s officers\\nand many of the men ran ahead of the liue and urged the others on, but in vain their\\nconfidence in themselves was gone. Some of them, in the hopes of inspiring others,\\nstarted a cheer, but it died away in a weakly strain, and, the rear rank giving way, the\\nfront rank turned also, and the whole force made for the woods to the sound of our\\nringing cheers. At the woods they rallied, and reforming their line under our artillery\\nfire they again charged. It was useless we knew that troops we had once driven back\\nso far would not succeed on a second trial under similar circumstances. After coming\\nwithin fifty or sixty yards of where they first broke, they wavered again and speedily\\nbroke and ran thoroughly defeated.\\nTHE SEVENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 7th Michigan the gallant forlorn-hope regiment at the battle of\\nFredericksburg was recruited and organized under the direction of Col-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "THE SEVENTH INFANTRY. 337\\nouel Ira R. Grosvenor, at ^Monroe, and leaving that point for tlie field ou\\nthe 5th of September, 1861, first eiic(mntered the enemy in the afiliir at\\nBall s JJlufF, Ya., Oetober 21tit following, where, in command of that offi-\\ncer, it gained credit even in that disastrous engagement. It afterwards\\nmoved with MeClellan to the Peninsula, and endured the hardships and\\ndisappointments of that barren campaign, participating in common in its\\nvictories and defeats, but always with much credit, and had the honor to\\nserve in the rear-guard of the army on the retreat to Harrison s Landing.\\nIt also t(K)k part in the jMaryland actions. At the battle of Antietam\\nit is reported to have lost more than half its force engaged, including Cap-\\ntain Allen H. Zacharias, who died of his wounds on January 1st following,\\nand among the killed were Captain J. H. Turrill, Lieutenant J. P. Eber-\\nliard, and Lieutenant John A. Clark.\\nBut one of the great feats of the war, than which none will appear\\nbrighter in history, was reserved for the 7th at Fredericksburg, on Decem-\\nber 11, 18G2, wdien Burnside concluded to cross the Rappahannock and\\nattack the rebels in that stronghold. The upper pontocm had been laid\\npart of the way by the engineers during the night of the 10th. Daylight\\nexposed them to the fire of the enemy s sharp-shooters, which drove them\\noff. Volunteers were called for to cross the river and gain a j)osition to\\nprotect the laying of the bridge. Immediately the 7th Michigan, under\\nthe gallant Baxter, rushed to the boats, crossed the stream in full view of\\nboth armies, under a most terrific fire from the enemy s sharp-shooters,\\nlosing heavily, but vigorously charging the rebels ou the opposite bank,\\ndrove them from their rifle-pits, taking a number of prisoners and holding\\nthe ground. Colonel Baxter, having fallen severely wounded, recrossed\\nthe river, while the regiment, with the 19th and 20th Massachusetts, which\\nhad crossotl by the second trip of the boats, dashed up the hill into the\\ncity, driving the enemy from house to house, and from stronghold to strong-\\nhohl, (\u00e2\u0096\u00a0a[)(uring nearly as many prisoners as the regiment numbered, and\\ninflicting a severe loss in killed and wounded, while their own loss was\\nalso heavy, including among the killed Lieutenant Franklin Emery,\\nof the 7th Michigan. The river thus protected, the laying of the pontoons\\nwas speedily accomplished, on which Burnside crossed a portion of his\\narmy.\\nEngaging with the Army of the Potomac in the Pennsylvania campaign,\\nthis regiment underwent the laborious and forced marches by which it was\\nniarkeil, rendered more arduous by the intense heat of the weather. On\\nthe 27th of June the regiment was detailed as wagon guard at 7.45 A. M.,\\nmarched by a circuitous route to near Urbana, Md., where it halted at 3\\nA. M., on the 28th, a distance said by citizens to have been thirty-seven\\nmiles on the 28th it marched six miles to Monocacy. On the 29th it\\nmarched at 9 A. M., and reached Uniontown at 9 P. M., thirty-miles in\\ntwelve hours; thus, in three days, marching seventy-five miles. The regi-\\nment arrived on the field at Gettysburg on the 2d of July and Avas imme-\\ndiately sent to tlic front on Cemetery Hill, having fourteen officers and one\\nhundred and fifty-one men. It occupied the same position until the close\\nof the battle ou the 3d. The loss of the regiment atOettysburg was twenty-\\none killed and forty-four wounded. Among tlie killed were Lieut. Colonel\\nAmos E. Steele, commanding the regiment, and Lieut. Albert Slafter, both\\ngallant officers.\\nEntering on the campaign of 1864, it is found in command of Major S.\\nW. Curtis, crossing the Ra])idan at Ely s Ford on May 4th and on the 5th\\nbecoming engaged at the Wilderness, with small loss. On the 6th it lost\\nV", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "338 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\neight killed, thirty-eight wounded, and eight missing. On the 8th it moved\\nto the left, near Po river, and on the 9th crossed. On the 10th it was ex-\\nposed to a severe fire from sharp-shooters, losing four wounded, and on the\\nsame day, in an assault on the enemy s works on the right, at Spottsylvania\\nCourt-house, it lost five killed and eight wounded. On the 11th it lost three\\nwounded. On the 12th the 7th took part in Hancock s charge on the left\\nof the enemy s line, in which its casualties were eleven wounded. On the\\n13th it lost three killed and ten wounded. Withdrawing with the army\\nfrom in front of the enemy s works at Spottsylvania Court-house, the regi-\\nment arrived at the North Anna river on the 23d, and was engaged as skir-\\nmishers on the 24th at Chesterfield Ford, where the regiment lost one killed\\nand three wounded, including Lieut. Charles Oakley mortally, who died on\\nthe next day. On the 26th it was employed in the rear guai d of the army,\\nin the flank movement of the latter across the Pamuukey river, arriving at\\nthe Tolupotamy creek on the 28th. On the 30th and 31st of May and 1st\\nof June it was engaged as skirmishers, with a loss of six killed and nine\\nwounded. On the 1st the regiment again served as rear guard for the army\\nin the movement to Cold Harbor, and on the 3d, in a charge on the enemy s\\nworks, lost two killed and fourteen wounded. From the 3d to the 10th its\\ncasualties Avere one killed and twelve wounded. It crossed the James river\\nwith the army and arrived in front of Petersburg on the evening of the 15th.\\nFrom this date to the 25th of July the regiment was engaged in labor on\\nthe fortifications and on picket, losing three killed and twenty wounded.\\nThe regiment, like the other Michigan regiments in the Army of the Poto-\\nmac, had gone gallantly through the forced marches and hardships of the\\ncampaign, and now, with equal fortitude, it endured with them the labors\\nin the trenches before Petersburg. On the 27th the 7th, with its corps,\\ncrossed the James river at Deep Bottom, but on the 29th returned to its\\nformer position before Petersburg, having lost during the movement two\\nmen wounded. It remained here employed in fiitigue and picket duty until\\nAugust 12th, when it again moved to Deep Bottom, and on the 14th and\\n17th was engaged in the battles of Strawberry Plains and Flussier s Mill,\\nlosing three killed and eleven wounded Lieut. Harty S. Felt mortally, who\\ndied on the 24th following. On the 20th the regiment returned to\\nnear Petersburg. On the 25th it was engaged in the battle of Ream s Sta-\\ntion, on the Weldon railroad its casualties in this action being one killed,\\nfour wounded, and eight missing.\\nPassing through the various campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, ac-\\nquitting itself nobly in every battle in which it became engaged, the regi-\\nment is found on the 26th of October, 1864, in the hottest of the fight at\\nHatcher s Run, near Burgess Farm and Boydton Plank Road, where its\\ncorps, the 2d, was heavily engaged, and in which the 7th Michigan, then\\nonly eighty-five strong took twenty officers and four hundred and eighty men\\nprisoners, while Sergeant Alonzo Smith, (afterwards first lieutenant,) cap-\\ntured the colors of the 26th North Carolina infantry, for which he was pre-\\nsented with a medal of honor by the Secretary of War. Through some\\nmisunderstanding the 7th was left on the line after the Union troops were\\nwithdrawn, and remained in that condition until the morning of the 28th,\\nwhen Col. Lapoiute, then in command, finding that his regiment had been\\nleft alone on the field, formed his men and explained to them their perilous\\nsituation, telling them to stand by him and they could find their way out.\\nThey commenced at once their dangerous undertaking, marching 12 miles\\nthrough the country held by the enemy, gallantly fighting their way at\\nalmost every step, pursued and harassed constantly by cavalry threatening", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "THE SEVENTH INFANTRY. 339\\nto cut tliera off, but they arrived safe within our lines at sundown of the\\nsame day. Gen. Hancock, their corps commander, complimented tlic regi-\\nment higlily on the occasion, and characterized the undertaking as one of\\nthe most praiseworthy and daring of the war.\\nOn April 2d, 1865, the regiment, together with details from the 1st IMin-\\nnesota and 19th INIassachusetts, charged the enemy s works at Cat Tail\\nCreek, caj^turing two forts and three guns, then sweeping down the line,\\ncaptured live other forts, well defended by infantry, and during the day\\ntaking about five hundred prisoners and several horses. The regiment is\\nreported to have been the first to break the rebel lines in front of the 2d\\ncorps. After marching with the division to the rear of Petersburg, tlie\\nregiment was deployed as skirmishers up the South Side railroad, in ad-\\nvance of the division, taking many prisoners and contrabands, and cap-\\nturing great nund)ers of horses and mules. On April od it marched ten\\nmiles, continuing the march on the 4th and 5th on the Gth it received\\norders to report to General Smith, and w^as put in the advance of the skir-\\nmish line of the 3d brigade, taking a number of prisoners during the day,\\nand at 9 P. M. rejoined the division, having marched about thirty miles.\\nOn the morning of the 7th it marched with its brigade, until near High\\nBridge, in the vicinity of Farmville, when, together with the 59th New\\nYork, it was deployed as skirmishers to cover the front and flanks of the\\nbrigade, and moving on the enemy, it participated in capturing many pris-\\noners, advancing to within, half a mile of Farmville, when the enemy,\\nthrowing a heavy column of infixntry and cavalry on the right and rear of\\nthe skirmish line, its connection with the brigade was cut off; but as soon\\nas the advance on its rear was discovered, the skirmish line was faced to\\nthe rear, and charged the advancing force but the enemy being superior\\nin numbers, the line was repulsed, the regiment losing three officers and\\nthirty-four men prisoners, including one officer severely wounded. In the\\nafternoon the regiment w^as relieved from the front, and rejoined its brigade.\\nOn the 8th the march was continued until 12 P. M., and on the 9th\\nmarclied about five miles, when General Lee s army surrendered.\\nThere was found in the pocket-book of Captain Zacharias a note, dated\\nFair Oaks, June 28, 1862, and is as follows\\nAllen Howard Zacharias was born May 15, 1833, in Clear Spring,\\nWashington county, JNIaryland, and removed with his father to Monroe\\ncounty, ]\\\\Iichigan, in 1841. Graduated A.B. from the University of\\nMichigan, June, 1860. Went to Mississippi in September, and became a\\nprofessor, and in February, 1861, principal of the State IMilitary Institute,\\nat Brandon, in that State. Resigned his ])Osition in May, and returned to\\nMichigan, when, from a solemn sense of duty, enlisted as a corporal, and\\nwas promoted first lieutenant June 25th, and to a captaincy ]\\\\Iarch 10,\\n1862; was with the regiment at Yorktown, West Point, and Fair Oaks,\\nMay 31st and June 1st.\\nUpon the other side of the paper was found the following\\nFriend: If you find my body lifeless upon the field, bury it decently,\\nmark its resting place, and inform my friends in the regiment and ray\\nfather. Do this, and you shall be liberally rewarded, and have the grati-\\ntude of mv friends.\\n(Signed) A. H. ZACHARIAS,\\nCaptain, Company K, 1th Michigan.\\nHe did not fall on the retreat to James river, but fell in Maryland, the\\nplace of his nativity, and near the spot on which he first saw the light. In", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "340 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DDRIN G THE REBELLION.\\nhis hand, while laying on the l^loody field, was found an old envelope,\\nwritten over as follows\\nTo Peter K. Zacharias, Monroe, Michigan\\nDear Parent, Brothers, and Sisters: I am Avounded\u00e2\u0080\u0094 mortally,\\nI think. The fight rages around me. I have done my duty this is my\\ncon^:;olation. I hope to meet you all again. I left not the line until nearly\\nall had fallen, and colors gone. I am getting weak my arms are free, but\\nbelow my chest all is numb. The enemy trotting over me the numbness\\nup to my heart. Good-bye, all.\\nYour son, ALLEN.\\nHe was found and conveyed to a field hospital, and the scrap sent to his\\nfriends by a kind-hearted private of the 4th Maine battery. Being so near\\nthe place of his nativity, he was soon found by friends INIr. Joseph B.\\nLoose, of Hagerstown Rev. Dr. Zacharias, his uncle, from Frederick\\nRev. J. S. Loose, of Greeucastle, Penna., and conveyed to the house of Mr.\\nLoose, of Hagerstown, where he was joined the next day by his sister\\nKate, who was visiting in Reading, Penna., and in a short time by his\\nfather. But they could not save him. His body was brought home to\\nMichigan for interment, and on the 3d of January was placed by the side\\nof his mother, in the cemetery of the German Reform Church in Ida, Mon-\\nroe county, Michigan.\\nLieutenant John J. Brown died at Alexandria, October 2, 18G3, of\\nwounds received on picket, September 18, 1863.\\nTHE EIGHTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 8th infiintry, recruited by Col. W. IM. Fenton, of Flint, might well\\nbe designated as the wandering or itinerant regiment of INIichigan, leaving\\nthe Slate on the 27th of September, 1861, commanded by that officer, for the\\nfield in Virginia. It embarked at Annapolis, Md., as part of the expedition\\nto Hilton Ilead, under Gen. T. AV. Sherman. Down to November 1, 1862,\\nit had been engaged in nine battles, occurring in four diflTerent States, South\\nCarolina, Georgia, Virginia, and Maryland, and afterwards served in the\\nvarious campaigns of the 9th corps in Tennessee, Mississippi, and, down to the\\nclose of the war, in Virginia. This brave and patriotic regiment com-\\nmenced its battles at Port Royal, S. C, November 7, 1861, and was engaged\\nmost creditably in several others from that time to April 16, 1862, when\\nit became specially noted in the spirited engagement on the reconnoisance\\nmade from on board the steamer Honduras by Col. Fenton, at Wilmington\\nIsland, Ga., on that day, where, after landing from the boats, it encountered\\nthe 13th Georgia, about 800 strong, armed with Enfield rifles, and drove\\nthem from the field in confusion, with loss, and leaving their dead on the\\nground. The o])ject of the reconnoisance having been efiected, the regi-\\nment, about dark, re-embarked on board the steamer. Its loss, out of a\\nforce of 300 men, were 10 killed and 35 wounded. Here fell two gallant\\nofficers. Adjutant N. Minor Pratt, killed instantly, and Lieutenant Fred-\\nerick ]\\\\I. Badger, who died of his wounds at Beaufort, S. C, three days after\\nthe battle.\\nOn June 16th f )llowing it was most signally distinguished in the assault\\nmade upon the enemy s works at Secessionville, on James Islan l, S. C, by\\na command of Genei-al Plunter s forces, under General Bcnham. The direct\\nattack was made by General Stevens with tlie brigade led by Col. Fenton,\\nand composed of the 8th Michigan, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Frank", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "THE EIGHTH INFANTRY. 341\\nGraves, 7th Connecticut, and 28tli JMassacluisetts, and the brigade of Col.\\nLeisure, comprising theTOtli New York lligldauders, 4Glh NewYork, 100th\\nPennsylvania, and four detached companies of artillery. At first break of\\nday the entire command was in motion, with strict orders to maintain most\\nperfect silence, and to rely exclusively on the bayonet to resort to firing\\nonly in case of manifest necessity. The force i)ressed forward, surprising\\nand capturing the enemy s pickets and advanced promptly in line of battle\\nwithout firing a gun to within one hundred yards of the enemy s works,\\nwhen it received his hre of graj)e and canister, in advancing over the\\nnarrow strip of dry land, not over twcj hundred yards wide, between the\\nmarshes, being the only route by which the works could be reached, and\\nthat obstructed by an almost insuperable abatis, while the works were pro-\\ntected by a ditch seven feet deep, and having a parapet nine feet high.\\nThe 8th Michigan being in the direct advance, immediately supported\\nby the Highlanders, was completely swei)t by grape and canister at close\\nrange from six guns on the works, as well as by their musketry. Under\\nthis dreadful and destructive fire, and in defiance of these formidable de-\\nfences, parties composed of oflicers and men t vom the 8th Michigan and\\n79th New York succeeded in gaining the parapet, but were shot down in\\nthe act; and, finally the assaulting force finding it impossible to carry the\\nworks had to withdraw. In Col. Fenton s report, covering the part taken\\nby his brigade in the affair, is found the following:\\nThe order not to fire, but use the bayonet, was obeyed, and the advance\\ncompanies reached the [)arapet of tlie works at the angle on our right and\\nfront, engaging the enemy at the point of the bayonet. During our advance\\nthe enemy opened upon our lines an exceedingly destructive fire of grape,\\ncanister, and musketry, and yet the regiment pushed on as veterans, divided\\nonly to the right and left by a sweeping torrent from the enemy s main gun\\nin front. The enemy s fire proved so galling and destructive that our men\\non the parapet were obliged to retire under its cover. The field was fur-\\nrowed across with cottt)n ridges, and many of the men lay there loading and\\nfiring as deliberately as though on their hunting grounds at home.\\nThis was one of the most dashing assaults of the war, but made at a dis-\\ntressing sacrifice of life, the 8th Michigan losing 185 in killed, wounded,\\nand missing out of 534, including 12 out of 22 ofHcers. Captains Simetm C.\\nGould and Benjamin B. Church here fell mortally wounded, while bravely\\ndoing tiieir duty; ofiicers possessing great courage and true patriotism.\\nAfter the engagement at James Island, the 9th cor])s joined the Army of\\nthe Potomac in the Pope campaign, and the 8th was in the battles at Bull\\nRun, August 29th and 30th, and at Chantilly on September 1st, losing\\nlieavily, including Lieut. W. A. Brown among the severely wounded, of the\\n1st, causing his death during that month.\\nImmediately following tliese engagements the Sth, with its corps, entered\\nupon the ^laryland campaign, and was conspicuously a particijxiut in these\\nim])ortant affairs.\\nThe regiment took a part in the campaigns of the 9th corps in Mississippi\\nand ICast Tennessee in 18G3, and participated in the advance of General\\nSherman on Jackson, Miss., becoming engaged at that ))lace on the 10th\\nand IGth of June, but without serious loss.\\nFrom the 1st to the 1 4th of November, 1863, the 8th infnntry was en-\\ncamped at^ Lenoir Station, East Teunessee. The rebels, under General\\nLongstreet, having commenced their advance on Knoxville, the 8th, with\\nother f )rces, were ordered on the 14th to Hough s Ferry, on the Ilol-^ton\\nriver, but during the night returned to Lenoir Station, and on the 16th", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "342 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ncommenced the retreat to Knoxville. Being rapidly followed by the enemy,\\na stand was made at Campbell s Station. A brisk engagement ensued, in\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which the loss of the regiment was eleven in Avounded. The purhuit of the\\nrebels was here checked, but during the night the retreat Avas continued,\\nthe regiment arriving at Knoxville on the morning of the 17th. During\\nthe retreat to Knoxville, and the siege of that place, which was immediately\\ncommenced by the rebel forces, the regiment endured many hardships and\\nprivations, suffering especially from want of sufficient food and proper\\nclothing. The 8th, during the entire siege, occupied the front line of w orks.\\nOn the 29th of November the regiment assisted to repel the assault of the\\nrebels on Fort Sanders, the enemy being driven off with large loss. On the\\n5th of December the rebels withdrew from in front of Knoxville, and the\\n8th engaged in the pursuit as far as Rutledge, but on the IGth returned to\\nBlain s Cross-roads, Avhere it encamped.\\nOn the 4th of May the regiment commenced the campaign with the Army\\nof the Potomac in its advance on Richmond, crossing the Rapidan at Ger-\\nmania Ford on the 5th. The 8th was prominently engaged during the\\nadvance in the Wilderness, and lost many brave men. On the 6th its casu-\\nalties were ninety-nine in killed, wounded, and missing, including its com-\\nmander Colonel Frank Graves, a gallant young officer of much promise,\\nwho fell by wounds while commanding his regiment, and was brutally mur-\\ndered by rebels because he w^ould not submit to indignity and robbery at\\ntheir hands. On the 8th the regiment, then commanded by Colonel Ralph\\nEly, marched through Chancelhn-sville to Spottsylvania Court-house, and\\non the 12th participated in the heavy assault on the enemy s entrenchments\\nat that point, losing forty-nine officers and men, among the killed being\\nLieutenant Edgar A. Nye. In the attack on the rebel lines at Bethesda\\nChurch, near Cold Harbor on June 3d, it was hotly engaged, and lost au\\naggregate of fifty -two, including among the killed INlajor W. E. Lewis, The\\nregiment took part in the attacks on the works before Petersburg on the\\n17th and 18th of June, losing forty-nine. Lieutenant Thomas Campbell\\nbeing among the killed of the 17th. These three officers who lost their\\nlives in the battles of their country were highly esteemed in their regiment\\nfor their many soldierly qualities and moral worth. On the oOth of July\\nit was in the engagement following the explosion of the mine, losing thirteen\\nin killed and wounded. On the 19th of August it participated in the\\nrepulse of the enemy s assault on our lines at the Weldon road, sustaining\\na loss of thirty killed, wounded, and missing. Here fell the gallant Major\\nBelcher, a brave, honest, and patriotic soldier. On the 30th it crossed the\\nWeldon road, and took a part in the engagement of that date, near Poplar\\nGrove Church, sustaining a loss of eight wounded.\\nThe regiment, while in command of JNIajor R. N. Doyle, also distinguished\\nitself most conspicuously on the 2d of April, 1865, in front of Petersburg,\\nwhen it engaged in the assault upon the enemy s position at Port ISIahon,\\nwhere it took part in carrying the works at that point, and is claimed to\\nhave been one of the first regiments to j)lace its colors on that rebel strong-\\nhold, and was among the first troops to enter Petersburg. In this affair it\\nlost Capt. Henry B. Burritt, who was killed during the assault.\\nThe following is the report of Colonel Fenton of the operations of his\\nregiment at Wilmington Island, where it was specially eugaged and lost\\nheavily and in reading it, as Avell as the various other official reports\\ncontained in this volume, the people of Michigan cannot but be ])road of\\nthe record which was made by their troops upon the battle-fields of the\\nUnion", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "THE EIGHTH INFANTRY. 343\\nHeadquarters 8th Regiment Michigan Vols.,\\n(On board steamer Honduras,)\\nOff Wilmington Island, Ga., 11 o clock P. M.,\\nApril 16, 1862.\\nLieut. W. L. M. Burger,\\nActing Assistant Adjutani General, Tybee Island, Ga.\\nSir I have the honor to report for the iuformatiou of the general com-\\nmanding\\nThat in compliance with special orders No. 41 I embarked with seven\\ncompanies of the 8th INIichigan regiment as an escort to Lieut. J. H. Wil-\\nson, Topographical Engineer, on a reconnoissance of Wilmington Island.\\nTwo companies, under command of Ca])taiu Pratt, were landed at Scri-\\nvens Plantation, with orders from Lieut. Wilson to skirt Turner s creek on\\nthe left. The other five companies were landed at Gibson s Plantation.\\nTwo of these companies were ordered to skirt Turner s creek, on the right;\\na third was to take the road to the right, towards the ferry at Gaston s Bluff,\\nto protect a boat party up Oatland creek, and the remainder to secure the\\nlanding.\\nAfter one company of the five was landed Lieut. Wilson proceeded in a\\nboat to Turner s creek.\\nOwing to the small number of boats and the distance from the steamer,\\nwhich was grounded, some delay occurred- in tlie disend)arcation. I directed\\nLieut. Gol. Graves to f )llow with the second company and to skirt Turner s\\ncreek, but, being misdirected, he took the road to the right towards Car-\\nson s Bluff; and on landing with the remaining companies I received infor-\\nmation that the enemy were in force at Fleetwood Plantation, and to the\\nleft of the road. This rendered the reconnoissance of Oatland creek with\\nboats useless, and I ordered the c(mipanies all in and, stationing the re-\\nmaining companies to guard against an attack at our landing, sent out\\nstrong pickets on both roads.\\nI believe the advance of the company to the right instead of along Tur-\\nner s creek saved my command, as it sooner enabled me to post the men to\\nadvantage and take a positiim from which the enemy s approach could be\\nobserved. The enemy proved to be the Georgia 13th, about 800 strong,\\narmed with Enfield rifles. As they approached, about 4 o clock P. IM., with\\na strong body of skirmisliers in the skirting of woods below the road, the\\ncompanies I had stationed to the right and left of the road, in accordance\\nwith my instructions, opened fire. I immediately sounded the charge for\\nadvance of companies in the rear of the first line. The first line, mistaking\\nthe signal, fell back to the next cover. A constant and effective fire was\\nkept up on both sides from cover of trees and bushes f )r an hour or more,\\nLieut. Wilson, who had returned with the boat party, here proved of great\\nservice to me. He took a party, at my request, to the left, and I ordered a\\ncompany to the right to flank the enemy. Both operations were successful\\nand in a few moments the enemy retreat d in confusion, leaving several\\ndead on the field, f )llowed by our men with loud cheers.\\nIt being now about sunset I recalled our troops, and giving to Lieut. Wil-\\nson the command of pickets stationed to guard against surprise, formed the\\ncompanies in line as originally posted, sent the dead and wounded in boats\\nto the ship, and gradually and very quietly, under ct)ver of night, with-\\ndrawing the men, sent them on board as fast as our limited transportation\\nwould allow. At the last trip of the boats I end)arked, acct)mi)anied by\\nLieut, Wilson, Lieut. Col. Graves, and the remainder of my command, (at", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "344 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nabout 10 o clock P. M.,) and immediately brought ou board the two compa-\\nnies left at Scriveus Plautatiou.\\nAfter the enemy retreated we were unmolested. It is due to the officers\\nand men of the command to say that generally they behaved with cool and\\nintrepid courage.\\nAdjutant Pratt fell dead near my side gallantly fighting, musket in hand,\\nand cheering on the men. Our loss, I regret to say, was comparatively\\nheavy; ten killed and thirty-five wounded out of a command of three hun-\\ndred men. Among the wounded is acting Lieut. Badger, of company C,\\nwho was in charge of the advance picket, and exhibited undaunted courage.\\nHe with one of his men was made prisoner both escaped and were brought\\nin when the enemy retreated.\\nThe captain of the Honduras is deserving of great credit for his kind at-\\ntention to the wounded indeed he afforded us every facility for the comfort\\nof officers and men in his power.\\nI respectfully refer to Lieut. Wilson s report, (which I have read,) and\\nit contains some facts not embraced in this report among others in relation\\nto the men detailed in charge of the field-piece on board ship, Avho were\\nvigilant and attentive.\\nHerewith is transmitted a list of casualties.\\nI am, c., WM. M. FENTON,\\nColonel 8th Regiment Michigan Volunteers.\\nIn an order issued immediately following the engagement by General\\nStevens, he says\\nYou were ordered not to fire, but to push forward and use the bayonet\\nYou obeyed the order. You formed in line under a terrible fire of grape,\\ncanister, and musketry. You pushed to the ditch and abatis of the work\\nfrom right to left. Parties from the leading regiments of your two brigades,\\nthe 8th Michigan and 79th Highlanders, mounted and were shot down ou\\nthe parapet, officers and men. These two regiments covered themselves with\\nglory, and their fearful casualties show the hot work in which you were\\nengaged.\\nIMr. Greeley, in his American Conflict, says\\nStevens had these in position at 3.30 A. M. at our outer picket line\\nwithin rifle range of the enemy and advanced at 4 the morning being dark\\nand cloudy so swiftly and noiselessly that he captured most of the rebel\\npickets and was within one hundred yards of the main defences not having\\nfired a shot, when Lamar opened on him with grape and canister, ploughing\\nbloody lines through the storming party, and destroying its compactness, if\\nnot impairing the momentum of its charge. The 8th IMichigan Col. Fen-\\nton s own was in the direct advance, supported by the Highlanders, with\\nthe residue of both brigades ready and eager to do and dare all that men\\nmight and if well directed valor could have carried the enemy s works by\\ndirect assault they would have done it.\\nThe gallant conduct of Major Belcher (then a lieutenant) at the battle\\nof South IMountain is noticed by General J. D. Cox, commanding the Kan-\\nawha division, in his report of the part taken by his division in that engage-\\nment, as follows:\\nI cannot close this report without speaking of the meritorious conduct\\nof First Lieut. II. Belcher, of the 8th Michigan, a regiment belonging to\\nanother division. His reginiont having stiffc rod severely on the right, and\\nbeing partly thrown into confusion, he rallied about one hundred men and\\nled them up to the front. Being separated from the brigade to which he", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "THE NINTH INFANTRY. 345\\nbelonged he reported to me for duty, and asked a position where he might\\nbe of use till his ])roper place could be ascertained. He was assigned a post\\non the left and subsequently in support of the advanced section of Simmons\\nbattery, in both of which places he and his men performed their duty ad-\\nmirably, and after the repulse of the enemy in the evening he carried his\\ncommand to their proper brigade.\\nTHE NINTH INFANTRY.\\nThe most prominent events in the history of the 9th infantry, (organized\\nand taken to the field by Colonel W. W. Duffield,) to which its members\\nwill refer with justifiahle exultation, are its brilliant defence of Murfrees-\\nboro, Tenn., on July 13, 1862, and the part borne by it in the gi eat battle\\nof Stone River, 1863. This defence of Murfreesboro was made against a\\npowerful cavalry force, led by the able and notorious General N. B. For-\\nrest, said to have been one of the most capable cavalry commanders in the\\nrebel army.\\nThe Union forces at Murfreesboro at the time referred to were, on the\\nmorning of the attack, in the immediate command of Brigadier-General\\nThdnias L. Crittenden. Colonel Duffield, who had been fjrmerly in com-\\nmand, having only returned from a leave of absence the night j^revious, had\\nnot assumed command, but was with his regiment, and was severely wounded\\nearly in the engagement. Five companies A, C, E, G, and K (jf the\\nl th, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Parkhurst, and numbering two\\nhundred and fifty men, were at the time encamped in JNIurfreesboro. A\\nJMinnesota regiment and a Kentucky battery were encamped on the cast\\nbank of Stone river, a distance of more than a mile and a half from the\\ncamp of the 9th. These troops comprised all the Union forces in and\\naround Murfreesboro. At 4 o clock on the morning of the 13th the regi-\\nment was aroused by the camp guard, and had barely got into position\\nwhen it was charged most furiously by over two thousand rebel cavalry.\\nA desperate engagement ensued, at one time assuming the })hase of a hand-\\nto-hand fight, but, after a struggle of more than half an hour s duration,\\nthe enemy was repulsed, broke, and fled in the wildest confusion, followed\\nin close pursuit by a company of the 9lh, acting as skirmishers, under com-\\nmand of (^aptain C. V. De Land. He soon after rallied, however, and\\ncharged a second time, but Avithout success. Perceiving the weakness of\\nthe Union troops, and relying upon their superior numbers, they did not\\nabandon the attack, but for more than eight hours kept up irregular skir-\\nmishes and assaults that were harassing and exhausting.\\nSimultaneously with the attack upon the camp, company D of the regi-\\nment, in the immediate command of Lieutenant Wright, acting as provost\\nguard in the town of Murfreesboro, was attacked in their quarters, in the\\nCourt-house, by a large force of Georgia cavalry. The company defended\\ntheir position with desperate fighting, and held it for two and a half hours,\\nkilling and wounding a large number of the enemy, until the lower part of\\nthe building was set on fire and nearly consumed, when they were com-\\npelled to surrender. i\\njNIeanwhilc, Colonel Parkhurst had repeatedly applied to Colonel Lester,\\nin command of the Mimiesota regiment, for reinforcements, but without\\nsuccess, that officer (subsequently dismissed f )r cowardice on the occasion)\\ndefinitely refusing to aid his comrades in their desperate situati(m.\\nIt becoming evident that no assistance was possible, and the disparity\\nbetween the strength of his own and the assailing forces rendering all hope\\nV", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "346 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nof escape or permanent success in repelling assaults impossible, Colonel\\nParkhurst surrendered his command, which had been reduced to one\\nhundred and thirty-seven men. The courage and the skill of the resist-\\nance they had encountered was acknowledged by the rebels, and their loss\\nin the aiikir far exceeded that of the gallant defenders of INIurfreesboro,\\nThis was one of the most brilliant of the minor events of the war, and must\\nbe classed amongst those rare manifestations of courage truly Spai tan, The\\nloss of the regiment was Lieutenant Alpheus Chase and thirteen killed and\\nseventy-eight wounded.\\nColonel Duffield, in his report of the affair at Murfreesboro, says\\nThe attack was made at daybreak on the morning of the 13th by Brig-\\nadier-General N. B. Forrest, with over three thousand cavalry. A Texan\\nand Georgia regiment, about eight hundred strong, attacked the detach-\\nment of the 9th Michigan. So fierce and impetuous was their attack that\\nour men Avere forced nearly to the centre of their camp, falling back\\nsteadily and in order, with their faces to the foe. But upon reaching the\\ncentre of our camp, their line was brought to a halt, and after twenty min-\\nutes of nearly haud-to-haud fighting, the enemy broke and fled in the\\nwildest confusion,\\nIn the important five days battle of Stone River the 9th, in command of\\nGeneral Parkhurst, acted as a select guard for Major-General George H.\\nThomas, and its duties were mainly those of a provost guard. On the second\\nday of the fight, however, it rendered services which were vital to the Army\\nof the Cumberland. The rebel charge upon the right wing, in command of\\nGeneral McCook, of Rosecrans array, resulted in its utter defeat and rout,\\nfollowed by demoralization which seriously threatened the safety of the en-\\ntire line. The defeated troops commenced a most disorderly movement\\ntowards Nashville, but at the bridge over Overall s creek Col. Parkhurst\\nstationed the 9th, intercepted the fugitives, rallied and reformed them in\\nline, strengthened his position with artillery and cavalry, and succeeded in\\nchecking the rebel pursuit and in driving off their cavalry by a series of\\nskillful and daring charges. The scattered organizations were then re-\\nformed, and the damage of the morning partially rei)aired. Had it not been\\nfor this important service the stampede of Mt-Cook s command would un-\\nquestionably have affected the whole army, and might have disastrously\\ninfluenced the course of the battle and changed the complexion of the war.\\nAs it was it nullified many of the worst results of a serious check and paved\\nthe way for the triumphs of the next three days. In all its engagements\\nthe 9th never served the old flag more foithfully or effectively than on\\nthat wintry day when it stemmed the tide of defeat at Overall s creek and\\ndespoiled disaster of its worst results. The regiment l)cing still on the same\\nduty at the battle of Chicamauga ])erformed most valuable service. It was\\nalso engaged at Mission Ridge on the 2 )th of November.\\nOn the 3d of ]\\\\Iay, 1864, the 9th, in command of Lieut. Col. Wm. AVil-\\nkinson, marched from Chattanooga with the headcjuarters of the Army of\\nthe Cumberland and participated with that army in the campaign in (Joor-\\ngia, l)eing present at the actions of Rocky Face Ridge, Rcsaca, Dalhis,\\nKenesaw ]\\\\iountain, and tlie other engagements of the campaign preceding\\nand including the siege of Atlanta. It also accompanied the army in the\\nmarch around Atlanta to Jonesboro and aided in destroying the railroad\\nfrom that place and in the performance of other duties. It entered Atlanta\\non its evacuation by the rebel army, and was engaged in provost duty until\\nthat city was evacuated by our forces. The regiment then returned lo\\nChattanooga.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "THE TENTH INFANTRY. 347\\nThe regiment on November 1st was at JNIarietta, Georgia, en rovte from\\nAtlanta to Chattanooga, Tennessee, by rail, having left the former j)lace the\\nday previous. On the 0th it rcaehed Chattanooga, -where it remained in\\ncamp doing guard duty at the headquarters of the Army of the Cund)er-\\nland, also picket duty for that post until the 27th of March, 1805, when,\\nGen. Thomas having removed his headcpiarters to Nashville, it was ordered\\nto that point, and on the 29th arrived there by rail, and was assigned to\\nduty guarding the military jirison, and also at General Thomas s head-\\nquarters. The regiment continued at Nashville performing the same gen-\\neral service until [September 15th, when it was mustered out.\\nLieut. Charles F. Fox was killed in action at Mumiordsville, Kentucky,\\nSeptember 2d, 1802.\\nTHE TENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 10th infantry, organized at Flint by Col. Charles M. Lum, first met\\nthe enemy in battle near C orinth, INIiss. Among the most marked events\\nin the histoiy of this splendid regiment were the affair at Buzzard s Roost,\\nGeorgia, February 25th, 1804; the battle of Jonesboro September 1st,\\n1804, and the engagement at Bentonville, March 19th and 20th, 1805.\\nThe regiment having rc-cnlisted as veterans at Rossville, Georgia, Feb-\\nruary 0th, the men were anxiously awaiting their veteran furloughs of thirty\\ndays to enable them to return to their hojiies, when, on the 2od of February,\\nthe emergencies of the service required a movement pf the 14th corps, to\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2which the regiment belonged, in the direction of Dalton and an order was\\nreceived by Lieut. Col. Dickerson, then conunaiuling the regiment, from\\nbrigade headquarters to prepare for an immediate movement, Avith sixty\\nrounds of ammunition and three days rations, and at 8 A. M. on that day\\nCommenced moving. After marching as far as Ilingold, fourteen miles, the\\nregiment bivouacked and remained until daylight the following morning,\\nand then moved through Hooker s Gap, in White Oak Ridge, coming up\\nwith the main force (which had moved out on the 22d) about a mile and a\\nhalf north of Tunnell Hill, when the brigade to which the 10th belonged\\nformed in line of battle on the extreme left of the army and to the left of\\nthe road leading to Tunnell Hill.\\nThe enemy lay encamped in considerable force about one mile south of\\nTunnell Hill. The brigade moved through the woods on the left of the\\ntown in such a directiim as to strike the enemy on his right flank, while the\\nmain force moved up directly in front and opened with artillery on his in-\\ntrenched camp. As the brigade came out of the woods in sight of the rebel\\ncamp their rear guard was seen moving hurriedly towards Dalton, when a\\nforce of cavalry w as immediately sent in pursuit, while the 10th formed in\\ncolumn of companies and followed. About 2 P. ^I. the force came in sight\\nof Buzzard s Roost, where the enemy had taken nj) a very strong position.\\nThe Union force formed in line of battle, when the enemy opened an artil-\\nlery fire, which was immediately rej)lied to, and a line of skirmishers ke))t\\nup a brisk fire. This position was held until dark, when the line fell back\\na short distance and bivouacked for the night.\\nOn the morning of the 25th orders were received by Colonel Dickerson to\\ntake a position with his regiment on the left of the 00th Illinois (which was\\nin the same brigade) on the top of one of the spurs of the mountain and\\nconform to the movements of tliat regiment. After occupying this position\\nfor a short time the regiment moved forward and took possession of tlie top\\nof another spur, from which could be seen the enemy in his fortified posi-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "348 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ntion. At this time a brisk fire was being kept up by both skirmish lines.\\nAbout 8 P. M. the division to Avhich the 10th belonged commenced a for-\\nward movement, when the enemy opened a most galling infantry fire from\\nthe top of Kocky Face in front, while two gr more batteries on the right\\nand front threw shot and shell raking the ravines and sweeping the tops of\\nthe spurs. The regiment advanced coolly and steadily over the spurs and\\nthrough the ravines until its colors were fiying defiantly almost in the face\\nof the enemy. Halting just under the crest of one of these spurs the men\\nwere directed to lie down and load and fire at will. In consequence of the\\nelevated position of the enenij on the right and left his fire was most galling\\nand murderous, and to which the regiment was very much exposed for\\nnearly thirty minutes. Colonel Dickerson not receiving any orders, and\\nseeing no troops advancing to his support, was compelled to foil back a\\nshort distance to a guUey, where the 60th Illinois had already reached.\\nHere a halt was made for a short time and then fell back on the double-\\nquick. In coming out of the ravine Col. Dickerson was knocked down by\\na mass of earth thrown against him by a shell partially recovering from\\nthe shock, and while moving towards his regiment, he was wounded in the\\nheel by a musket ball, and being unable to travel fast fell into the hands\\nof the enemy. The regiment lost in this affair twenty-two killed and fifty-\\nsix wounded.\\nThe loss in this gallant regiment at that time was a very peculiar and\\nmost severe hardship and was much regretted, as the regiment had only\\nre-enlisted a few days before, and the friends of those Avho bravely fell had\\nbeen fondly hoping to meet them on the return of the regiment to the State.\\nThe 10th, returning from its veteran furlough in INIichigan, arrived at\\nChattanooga May 11, 1864, and on the f )llowing day left there to jvirtici-\\npate in the Georgia campaign. It arrived at Resaca on the 16th. IMarch-\\ning on the 16th for Rome, it arrived in fi ont of that place on the 17th, and\\non the 18th participated in its capture. On the 28th it took position in\\nfront of the rebel lines at Dallas. June 1st the regiment moved to the left\\ntoward Lost JMountain, and after several changes of position, reached the\\nbase of Kenesaw Mountain on the 19th. On the 27th of June it acted in\\nthe reserve of a column that charged the rebel lines. Its casualties during\\nthe month of June were two killed and died of wounds, and twelve wounded.\\nOn the 3d of July the regiment marched in pursuit of the enemy, who had\\nevacuated the position of Kenesaw IMountain, and on the 17th crossed the\\nChattahoochie river. On the 19th it advanced to near Durant s jNIill, on\\nPeach Tree creek, where it took part in the actions of that date, and of the\\nday fijllovving. On the 21st it participated in a reconnoissance toward\\nAtlanta, and on the 22d had position in front of that place on the right of\\nour lines. With the exception of the reconnoissance to Sandtown on the\\n28th the regiment remained in front of Atlanta during the remainder of\\nJuly. Its casualties during the month were four killed and eighteen\\nwounded. While on a reconnoissance on the 29th it encountered the enemy\\nand captured a number of guns, horses, etc. Being cut off by the rebels, it\\nwas obliged to return by a circuitous route, in which it succeeded without\\nloss.\\nThe movement of General Sherman upon Hood s communications near\\nAtlanta, which culminated in the important battle of Jonesboro Septemlier\\n1, 18(54, and the evacuatiim of Atlanta by the rel)e]s, in which the 14th\\ncorps took a most i)rominent part, again gave the 10th Michigan a most\\ncnvial)le page in the history of the war. The regiment, under connnand of\\nMajor Bui nctt, having moved with its corps on Jonesboro was acting as a", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "THE TENTH INFANTRY. 349\\nsupport to a charging column, -wliicli became broken and clemoralized. The\\nsix left companies of the 10th moved quickly forward and took their places,\\nbravely carried the enemy s works, took 4(30 prisoners, and captured a stand\\nof colors. In this daring and gallant advance fell the brave Burnett, with\\n30 killed and 47 wounded, including Lieut. John Knox killed and Captain\\nH. H. Nimms mortally wounded a heavy loss but the regiment aided very\\nmaterially, and with much distinction in the last battle of the great Atlanta\\ncampaign which secured to the Union arms one of the most important points\\nheld during the rebellion, and gave the death-blow to the rebel armies in\\nGeorgia.\\nThe 10th, commanded by Colonel Lum, was with Sherman on his march\\nto the sea, and at Bentonville, on the 19th and 20th of March, 1865, again\\nadded to its already enviable reputation as a fighting regiment. Moving\\nin advance of its corps on the 18th, six companies being deployed as skir-\\nmishers, the enemy was reached about noon, and a severe skirmish ensued,\\nwhen the regiment was ordered to take position at the junction of the Smith-\\nfield and Goldsboro roads. During the night it was attacked, but suc-\\nceeded in repulsing the enemy, and holding its ])osition until relieved by\\nthe 20th cor])s on the 19th, when it marched rapidly forward and formed\\non the right of the second line of battle. About 4 P. M. the enemy moved\\nup in heavy masses, driving in the skirmishers, and advancing to within a\\nfew rods of the first line, he discharged a terrific fire along his whole front,\\nand immediately charged the works. The first line, in which w as the 14th\\nMichigan, replied with a well-directed and effective volley, checking the\\nenemy s advance, and before he could recover from its effects, the 14th\\nMichigan jumped over its works and charged, driving him in confusion\\nfrom the field, and taking a large number of prisoners. The regiment, with\\nthe remainder of the brigade, then moved forward to the first line, and in\\na few moments, the enemy having broken through the first division, was\\ndiscovered coming in on the left fiauk. The line was at once changed to\\nthe opposite side of the works, and after pouring a volley into the enemy s\\nranks, charged and drove him at the })()int of the baycmet in great confusion\\nfrom the field, taking many prisoners, and capturing a large amount of\\narms. On the 20th the regiment skirmished with the enemy during the\\nentire day and night and thus ended its last battle for Union and free-\\ndom.\\nNote. On the 3d of January, 1863, companies A and D, while fruardinfr a supply\\ntrain on the Murfroesboro road, were attacked by a large torcc of ;u( rrillhisaMd repulsed\\nthem, killing 15 and taking as many prisoners, witliout loss to themselves. On tiie 25th\\nof January, a squad of men, guarding a construction train, were captured by 200 rebel\\ncavalry. Twenty-seven men of the 10th. being on duty near, went forward on double-\\nquick, routed the rebels, killing and wounding a large number, captured a lot of guns,\\nhorses, etc., and saved the train which had been set on fire. April 10th, a detail of 46\\nmen, guarding a railroad train, were attacked by three or four hundred guerrillas.\\nOverpowered by numbers, they were compelled to give up the train but, repulsing the\\nenemy s pursuit and falling back a short distance, they were reinforced by 15 men from\\na neighboring stockade, returned and saved a portion of the train, which had been set\\non fire. The loss in this affair was 8 killed and 12 wounded, including among the killed\\nLieutenant Frank M. Vanderhurg.\\nFirst Lieut, and Adjutant Sylvester D. Cowles was killed while on the skirmish line\\nat Farmington, in front of Corinth, Miss., May 26, 1862.\\nAt Kenesaw .Mountain, June 27th, the 10th infiintry, was in General Davis s division\\n(2d) of the 14th corps, a notice of which is found in the Annual Cyclopedia, 1864, as\\nfollows For the second and more important attack portions of General Newton s\\ndivision of the 4th corps and of General Davis s division of the 14lh corps were selected.\\nAt a given signal the troops rushed forward with buoyant courage, charged up the face", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "350 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nof the mountain amidst a murderous fire from a powerful battery on the summit, and\\nthrough two lines of abatis, carried a line of riflo-pits beyond and reached tiie works.\\nThe colors of several of the regiments were planted before the latter, and some of the\\nmen succeeded in mounting the ramparts, but the deaths of Generals Wagner and Mar-\\nker, and the wounding of General iMcCook, the destructive fire of both musketry and\\nartillery and the difficulty of deploying such long columns under such fire, rendered it\\nnecessary to recall the men. General Newton s troops returned to their original line,\\nwhile General Davis s 2d brigade threw up works between those they had carried and\\nthe main line of the enemy, and there remained.\\nTHE ELEVENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe great and important battles of Stone River and Cliicamauga will\\nahvays be referred to by tlie llth iniantry as among the most desperate in\\nwhich it was engaged dtiring its gallant career, and in which it was most\\neminently distinguished, and lost heavily. Few regiments on those fields\\nwere harder pressed or defended themselves more heroically, and the mem-\\nbers of the regiment refer to their services on these ocQasions with justifiable\\npride. At Stone River the regiment, commanded by Col. Wm. L. Stuugh-\\nton, was hotly engaged during the entire battle, being in Negley s division\\nof Thomas s corps, which, on December 31st, held the ground near the\\ncentre of the Union lines, where it received and checked the onset of the\\nrebel forces, which came sweeping on in column of divisions after having\\ndriven the corps of McCook from its position; and is acknowledged to have\\nbeen one of the fiercest assaults of the day, and in which the enemy was\\ndreadfully punished. The llth Michigan, with the 19th Illinois, charged\\nin advance, and drove back an entire rebel division and, after the retro-\\ngade movement of their own division, these regiments made another dash\\nto the front, driving the enemy. In the engagement the llth lost 32 killed,\\n79 wounded, and 29 missing. The noble stand taken by Negley s division,\\nand its persistent fighting on that day, undoubtedly aided much in prevent-\\ning a most disastrous result.\\nColonel Stoughton in his ofiicial report of the part taken by his regiment\\nin tlie engagement, says\\nOn the morning of the\u00c2\u00bb31st of December heavy firing was heard to our\\nright and front, and apparently rapidly approaching tlie position occupied\\nby tlie 2d brigade. The regiment was immediately formed and marched\\nto the brow of the hill, near brigade headquarters. The skirmishing soon\\nafter indicated the ap[)roach of the enemy to the right of this position, and\\nmy regiment was formed in line of battle, under cover of a ledge of rocks,\\nabout one hundred yards in this direction. The skirmishing continued\\nwith much spirit for nearly an liour, when a heavy roar of musketry and\\nartillery announced that the principal attack of the enemy was being made\\non our left and rear. I immediately gave orders to change front on first\\ncompany, which was promptly executed under a heavy fire, and the regi-\\nment advanced iu line of battle to the crest of the hill, from which Shovdt s\\nbattery had just been driven, and poured a well directed and efibctive fire\\ninto the advancing columns of the enemy. The firing ctmtinued with\\nspirit and energy until orders came to retire. The fire of the enemy was\\napparently concentrated upon this point, and was terrific. INIen and of\\ncers fell on every side. The regiment fell back about eighty yards, was\\nagain formed, and delivered its fire upon the enemy as he advanced over\\nthe hill, and then retired to the cover of the cedar woods in our rear. Here\\nBome confusion was at first manifested. A large number of regiments had\\nfallen back to this place for shelter, and the enemy s infantry and artillery", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 351\\nopened upon us from all sides, except to the left, towards the IMurfrees-\\nboro i)ike. Order, liowever, was promptly restored by our division and\\nbrigndc commanders, and my regiment, with others, moved slowly to the\\nrcnr, keeping up a steady fire upon the enemy. When nearer the cleared\\nfield to the right of the Murfreesboro pike, the regiment was rallied, and\\nheld the ground for twenty or thirty minutes it was then marched about\\nhalfway across the open field, when orders came to charge back into the\\ncedars. INty regiment promptly obeyed my orders, rallied on the colors, and\\ncharged back into the woods with great gallantry, checking the enemy by\\nthe sudden and impetuous attack. After delivering one volley, orders\\ncame to retire, and the regiment fell back in good order to the left of the\\nMurfreesboro pike. Here closed the active operations of the day.\\nOn the 2d of January we were again called into action. In the after-\\nnoon of that day we Avere posted as a reserve, in an open field in the rear\\nof our batteries on the right of the left wing of our army. Between 3 and\\n4 o clock the enemy made a heavy attack with artillery and infantry on\\nour front. ]\\\\Iy command was kept lying upon the ground, protected by a\\nslight hill, for about half an hour. At the expiration of this time the\\nenemy had driven back our f )rces on the opposite side of the river, one\\nregiment crossing in great disorder, and rusliing through our ranks. As\\nsoon as the enemy came within range, my regiment with the others of this\\nbrigade, rose up, delivered its fire, and charged across the river. In\\npassing the river my line of battle was necessarily broken, and I led the\\nregiment forward to a fence on a rise of ground, and reformed the line.\\nHere the firing continued for some time until the enemy was driven from\\nhis cover and retreated through the woods. IMy regiment was then\\npromptly advanced to the edge of the woods, and continued to fire upon\\nthe enemy as he fled in disorder across the open field in front to his line of\\nentrenchments. At this time the ammunition was nearly exhausted, and\\nmy regiment, with the others in advance, formed in line of battle, threw\\nout skirmishers, and held our position until recalled across the river. The\\n11th was among the first that crossed Stone river and assisted in capturing\\nfour pieces of artillery, abandoned by the enemy in his flight. I can-\\nnot speak too highly of the conduct of the troojis under my command.\\nThey fought with the bravery and coolness of veterans, and obeyed my\\ncommands, under the hottest fire, with the precision of the parade ground.\\nTlie officers of my command behaved with great gallantry and firmness.\\nWhere all nobly discharged their duty, it would, pcrha[)S, bo unjust to dis-\\ncriminate. Lieutenants Wilson and Flynn were killed while gallantly\\nleading their companies. Major Smith and Lieutenants Hall, Briggs, and\\nHowai-d were wounded, the two former severely, and Lieutenant Hall is a\\nprisoner.\\nAt Chicamauga the regiment, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel IMelvin\\nMudge, was then in the brigade of Colonel Stoughton, being the 2d bri-\\ngade, 2d division, 14th corps. This brigade constituted part of the com-\\nmand of General Thomas, and on the last day of that sanguinary conflict\\nheld one of the most important points on his line of defence against a\\nlargely superior force, the regiment fighting most persistently, successfully\\nrepelling cliarge after charge of the enemy, losing seven killed, (including\\nCaptain Charles W. NcwlSern,) seventy-six wounded, and tWenty-three\\nmissing, and was one of the last regiments to retire from the field in the\\ndarkness of that fearful night, when the army fell back. Next morning\\nColonel Stoughton took up a position in front of Rossville, covering the\\napproach to the battle-field, and held it during that day, and in the night", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "352 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nfell back on Chattanooga, covering the rear of the retiring army. In the\\nmovement Colonel Stoughton drew off his artillery by hand, to escape the\\nnotice of the enemy. He remained on his picket line until past 4 A. M.,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when, hearing the enemy stirring, he successfully Avithdrew his pickets\\nand made a forced march to Chattanooga without the loss of a man,\\nthus most successfully accomplishing a very dangerous and important duty,\\nfor which he was afterwards coiuplimented personally by General Thomas.\\nAfter the battle of INIission Ridge, in November, 18G3, where the regi-\\nment, under command of Major Benjamin G. Bennett, participated in the\\ndecisive charge, losing its gallant commander and thirty-nine in killed and\\nwounded, the regiment, being in the 2d brigade, 1st division, 14th corps,\\nmoved forward on the Atlanta campaign, j)artakiug creditably in all the\\nimportant battles. On July 4th folloAving, it took a part in the successful\\ncharge on the enemy s works near Marietta, losing thirteen in killed and\\nwounded, including among the severely wounded Colonel Stoughton, who\\nlost a leg. It was engaged at Peach Tree Creek, on the 20th of that\\nmonth, with a loss of el even killed and wounded, and on the 7th of August\\nit was in the charge on the enemy s works in front of Atlanta, losing Lieu-\\ntenant Edward Catlin and fifteen men killed and wounded.\\nThe period for Avhich the regiment enlisted having expired, it was\\nordered to Chattanooga on the 27lh of August. The rebel General\\nWheeler being then engaged in making a raid into Tennessee, the regiment,\\nimmediately after its arrival at Chattanooga, on the 30th, was ordered to\\njoin the column in pursuit, and marched to Murfreesboro, and thence to\\nHuntsville, Ala., but without meeting the enemy. It returned to Chattan-\\nooga on the loth of September. Leaving here two commissioned officers\\nand one hundred and fifty men veterans and recruits whose term had not\\nexpired the regiment started for Michigan on the 18th, arriving at Stur-\\ngis on the 25th. On the 30th of September it was mustered out of service.\\nTHE TWELFTH INFANTRY.\\nThe bloody battle of Shiloh, April Gth and 7th, 1862, first tried the metal\\nof the 12th infantry, and substantially established its reputation as a fight-\\ning regiment. Leaving the State, in command of Col. Francis Quinu, on\\nMarch 18th, it hurriedly reached Pittsburg Landing barely in time to par-\\nticipate in that important engagement. A portion of the regiment was\\namong the troops that first discovered and engaged the enemy in his ad-\\nvance upon the Uniim lines, and this timely discovery and their persistent\\nopposition to his advance, without doubt, saved their division from entire\\ncapture, and must have done much towards saving the whole army from a\\ncomplete surprise. The 12th was in Col. Peabody s brigade of Prentiss\\ndivision, which occupied the position just attacked by the rebel forces.\\nDuring the night preceding the battle of the Gth, Col. Peabody had been\\nadvised by Lieut. Col. Graves, of the Pith Michigan, of the approach of\\nthe enemy, and on this information he took the responsibility to order from\\nhis brigade two companies of the Pith Michigan, commanded respectively\\nby Captains Graves and Cravath, and two companies of the 25th I\\\\Iissouri\\nas a reconnoissance, the whole under command of Major Powell, 25th ]\\\\Iis-\\nsouri, who, a])out 3 o clock on the mm ning of the Gth, met the advance\\ntroops of the cnomy and f)ught them until daylight, gradually fiilling back\\nuntil he reached the Pith jMichigan and 25th ^lissouri, which had advanced\\nsome distance in front of their color line. These two regiments fought the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "THE TWELFTH INFANTRY. 353\\nenemy until overpowered, Avhen they fell back to their color line, reformed\\nagain, and defended their line until again overpowered, when they retired\\nto a tiiird position, whicli was held until the division was completely sur-\\nrounded and a large piu tion of it made prisoners. The 12tli escaped cap-\\nture, maintaining its organization, and next day engaged the enemy, losing\\nin both days 266 killed, wounded, and missing, including among the mor-\\ntally wounded Lieutenant Alex. G. Davis, who died at Cincinnati on the\\n21st of Ai)ril following.\\nIt also participated in the affair at luka September 19th, and in the bat-\\ntle at ]\\\\[etamora October 5th.\\nThe regiment, in December following, was guarding the Mississippi rail-\\nroad from Hickory Valley to near Bolivar, Tennessee, Avith its headquarters\\nat Middleburg. On the 24th of that month the force at Middleburg, con-\\nsisting of one hundred and fifteen officers and men, in command of Colonel\\nAV. H. Graves, were attacked by a large force of Van D()rn s cavalry, con-\\nsisting of three brigades, in all about three thousand strong, by which they\\nwere surrounded and their surrender demanded. About 10 o clock on the\\nmorning of the day of the attack Lieut. Col. Dwight May, of the regiment,\\nleft IMiddleburg for Bolivar, distant some seven miles, and when about two\\nmiles from IMiddleburg he saw horsemen approaching; as he neared them\\nhe observed that they wore the blue overcoat of our army, but noticing the\\npeculiar gait of their horses and their suspicious movements, he halted and\\nwas adjusting his field glass to scrutinize them more closely, when the ad-\\nvance guard fired at him and put their horses to their utuKjst speed towards\\nhim they were then only about twenty rods off. lie innnediately wheeled\\nhis horse and started for camp, they in pursuit, discharging their arms at\\nhim during the chase, but having the better horse he succeeded in reaching\\nthe camp of his regiment and instantly reported the circumstances to Col.\\nGraves, who in his report states:\\nThe advance of Gen. Van Dorn s command soon made its appearance,\\nand a flag of truce was sent in by a lieutenant colonel of staff, which I met.\\nThe officer asked who is in command I answered I am whereupon he sur-\\nveyed me from head to foot (I had been playing ball that morning, pants\\nin boots, having on a jacket without straps) with a disdainful air and said\\nGen. Van Dorn demands a surrender of you and the whole damned thing\\nimmediately we don t want to bother with you. It was my intention to\\nhave asked if he had artillery, but his important demeanor did not set well\\nas may l)e imagined, and I upon the spur of the moment replied, give my\\ncompliments to the general and say to him, I have no doubt he can whip\\nus, but Avhile he is getting a meal we will try and get a mouthful he then\\nremarked, that is what you say, is it? To which I made answer, that is\\nwhat I say, is it; and he wheeled, put spurs to his horse, and I double-\\nquicked to my command, which was located in a depot platform, with planks\\ndoubled and port-holes cut, and a block or rather log-house having ])ort-\\nholes. The enemy advanced until I fired a musket, (which was the signal\\nwhen my men were to fire,) when the enemy broke up in confusion and\\nsought log buildings and ditches, where they fought us for two hours and\\ntwenty-five minutes, and finally left us mouarchs of all we surveyed, in\\none sense.\\nThe whole force of Gen. Van Dorn was between five and six thousand,\\nabout one-half of which f )Ught us, the balance holding the horses. They\\nlost (as near as I can recollect) lo5 killed, wounded, and prisoners, among\\nthe latter three officers wounded, one mortally. There were six of my men\\nwounded through the port-holes, one killed, and thirteen taken prisoners,\\nW", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "354 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nmostly on picket along the railroad. Over one thousand rounds were fired\\nby the men of the 12th during the action.\\nFor this gallant and successful defence of Middleburg, so remarkable for\\nthe disparity in numbers, the regiment (Avith several others along that line\\nof railroad that had successfully defended their posts) was complimented\\nfor bravery by General Grant in general orders, and declared by him to be\\ndeserving of the thanks of the army, which was in a measure dependent for\\nits supplies on the road they so nobly defended.\\nEmbarking on transports at Memphis to take part in the campaign\\nagainst Vicksburg the regiment arrived at Chickasaw Bayou, near the rebel\\nstronghold, on the 3d of June. Disembarking at Sartalia, on the Yazoo\\nriver, the regiment marched to IMechanicsburg, skirmishing on the march\\nwith the rebel cavalry. From thence it proceeded to Hayne s Blufi by an\\nexhausting march, during which a number of men fell under the oppressive\\nheat. The regiment remained at Hayne s and Snyder s Bluffs until the\\nfall of Vicksburg, July 4th. It embarked on the 28th, in command of\\nLieut. Col. May, for Helena, Ark., near which it encamped until the 13th\\nof August, when it marched from Helena with the army, and on the 11th\\nof September went into camp near Little Rock. On the 26th and 27th of\\nOctober the regiment moved to Benton, Ark. The Tith continued on duty\\nin Arkansas, in command of Col. May, until the 15th of February, 1865,\\nwhen it was mustered out of service.\\nTHE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY,\\nThe daring bravery of the 13th infantry, raised and organized by Col.\\nCharles E. Stuart, of Kalamazoo, is attested by its persistent fighting and\\nsplendid achievements on many fields.\\nThis regiment left Kalamazoo on the 12th of February, 1862, under com-\\nmand of Col. Michael Shoemaker. Its route was through Kentucky and\\nTennessee via Bowling Green and Nashville. It reached the battle-field at\\nPittsburg Landing, after a f )rccd march, near the close of the second day s\\nfight, anil thenceforward, until the evacuation of Corinth, was engaged in\\npicket and fatigue duty with the f )rces that captured that post. The 13th\\nwas the last of General Buell s command to leave northeastern Alabama on\\nthe withdrawal of our forces from that region in August, and was among\\nthe troops of the same army which fell back upon Louisville.\\nOn the 10th of November, 1862, this regiment marched from Silver\\nSprings, Tenn., and formed part of the forces that drove the enemy from\\nLebanon. Proceeding to Nashville, it was then engaged in guarding forage\\ntrains, and on picket duty, from the 25th of November to the 26th of De-\\ncember, when it marched with the army under General Rosecrans on Mur-\\nfreesboro It was deployed as skirmishers on the 29th in the advance, and\\nsuffered some loss. It participated in the bloody engagements at Stone River,\\non the 30th and 31st of December, and 1st, 2d, and 3d of January, the\\nregiment going into action with 224 muskets, and losing out of this number\\n25 killed or died of wounds, 62 wounded, and 8 missing. On the olst of\\nDecember it recaptured, by a bayonet charge, two guns which had fallen\\ninto the hands of the enemy.\\nThe 13th was particularly distinguished at Stone River, under Colonel\\nShoemaker, and at Chicamauga, under the ccmimand of Col. J. B. Culver.\\nIn a recent report, C ol. Culver says They will always be remembered\\nwith priile and sorrow by every member of the 13th. Pride, in the acknow-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. 355\\nledged gallantry of the regiment, and sorrow, for our brave comrades wlio\\nfell there. lie pays further: At the battle of Stone River, the loth sup-\\nported the Gth Ohio Independent Battery and early on the morning of\\nthe memorable 31st of Deeember, 18G2, our brigade was detailed by verbal\\norders of General Koseerans, and directed to go to the sui)port of General\\nR. W. Johns(Mi, of INIeCook s corps, who was on the extreme right of the\\nline, and was being forced back by overwhelming numbers of the enemy.\\nThe order was promptly executed, and while getting into position we were\\nattacked by the advancing columns of the rebel General Hanson s division,\\nwhich we stubbornly resisted for fifteen or twenty minutes, when three of\\nthe regiments of the brigade retired in disorder, leaving the loth to protect\\nthe battery. Our position was in a cotton-field, without protection. AV^e\\nfell back about 300 yards to the edge of a cedar thicket, formed on the left\\nof the battery, and delivered such a destructive fire that an entire brigade\\nof the enemy were held in check for over thirty minutes but we were again\\ncompelled to retire, losing o)ie-//n rfZ of tlie entire regiment dead or wounded,\\ntogether with two guns from the battery. We reformed again about LoO\\nyards to the rear of the second position, and being opportunely supported\\nby the gallant 51st Illinois infantry, we made a dashing charge with the\\nbayonet, broke and routed the rebel line, recaptured the two guns, took 150\\nprisoners, and defeated the purposes of the enemy on this part of the field,\\nnamely, getting possession of the Murfreesboro pike. On this field the\\n13th lost Captain Clement C. Webb.\\nColonel Shoemaker, in his report of the part taken by his regiment in that\\ngreat struggle, says\\nJNIy report of the 5th having been made in great haste, was necessarily\\nvery brief, and for the better understanding of the movements of this regi-\\nment during the several days of battle, commencing on the 29th and\\nending on the 3d instant, submit the following: In the evening of the\\n2yth, when ordered to cross the river, we were on the left, the 51st Indiana\\nin the centre, and the 73d Indiana on the right. ]\\\\Iy regiment commenced\\ncrossing as soon as our skirmishers were fairly on the other side. The skir-\\nmishers were company A, commanded by Lieut. Hanarsdale, and company\\nF, commanded by Lieut. James R. Slay ton. They drove the enemy rapidly,\\nthe regiment following quite close upon them. When in line in the corn-\\nfield, after receiving the 3d volley from the enemy, we were ordered to fix\\nbayonets and jirepare to receive a charge of cavalry. As my regiment was\\nsomewhat in advance of the 51st Indiana, and my right covering their left,\\nI moved my regiment to the left and rear, so as to connect with the 51st\\nIndiana, but still leaving my left somewhat in advance, and in such a posi-\\ntion as would have enabled us to enfilade any force which might charge the\\ncentre. Our positi(ni was now a very strong one, being in the edge of the\\nwoods. Here we remained until ordered to recross the river. On the 31st,\\nbeing in reserve, when our brigade was ])laced in position on the extreme\\nright of the army, we occupied an open field in the rear of where the 04th\\nand G5th regiments of Ohio volunteers, and 73d regiment of Indiana volun-\\nteers, were engaged with the enemy. When the battery retired we were\\nordered to fall back to the position we held when tlie enemy advanced upon\\nus. When they opened fire upon us the other regiments of the brigade had\\npassed by on our light to the rear, and we did not see them again until\\nafter the close of the engagement. INty reginient was in line (luring the\\nengagement, and delivered their fire with such i)recisiou and rapidity that\\nthe wlu)le force of the enemy were brought to a stand at the fence in our\\nfront, and held there for at least twenty minutes, when their left, which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "356 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nextended considerably beyond our right, having advanced so as to make it\\napparent that they would soon turn my right flank, I gave the order to\\nretire; but again formed the regiment within twelve or fifteen rods of the\\nfirst line; but broke and retreated precipitately when charged by me.\\nThe 51st Indiana advanced only to within three rods of our first line, and\\nthen threw forward skirmishers. My regiment charged past the first line\\nand to the right, down to near the fence, and full thirty rods in advance of\\nour first position, overtaking and capturing the enemy from the place where\\nthe guns v/ere recaptured, Avhich was to the right and in front of our first line\\nof battle, to the houses in our front, and into the cornfield on a line with\\nthe houses. The artillery ceased firing a short time before we opened upon\\nthe enemy, and fell back out of sight, with all but the guns captured. The\\nenemy broke up the guns of the dead on the first line of battle while they\\noccupied it. A lieutenant, whom we captured, informed me that our fire\\nwas very destructive, and that their loss in wounded must lai gely exceed\\nours. On the 1st inst., my regiment was exposed to a scattering fire all day,\\nbut was not actually engaged. At night we were ordered to the extreme\\nfront to protect the 6th Ohio battery, and lay on our arms all night. On\\nthe 2d inst., while supporting our battery, my regiment was exposed to a\\nterrible fire from the artillery of the enemy, the number of guns ])laying\\nupon us at one time being, as stated by Capt. Bradley, eighteen. Though\\nnecessarily inactive, my regiment steadily maintained its position for over\\nan hour, when one of our batteries commenced playing upon us from the\\nrear. I then withdrew my regiment a few rods to the left to a less exposed\\nsituation. In the afternoon we crossed Stone s river with our division, and\\nremained there, doing duty both Friday and Saturday night. On Sunday\\nmorning we recrossed the river and bivouacked near the hospitals.\\nColonel Harker, commanding the brigade in which the loth was serving,\\nin his report says of the regiment at Stone river\\nThe 13th Alichigan, from their position, fired upon the enemy with\\ntelling effect, and having caused his ranks to waver, fi)llowe(l up the advan-\\ntage with a charge, su})ported by the 51st Illinois, which had come to our\\nrelief. They completely routed the enemy. The l- lth JMichigan retook\\nthe two pieces of artillery abandoned by our battery, and captured fifty-\\neight prisoners. For this act of gallantry Colonel Shoemaker and his gal-\\nlant regiment are deserving of much praise.\\nThe gallant service of tliis regiment at Stone River, on December 31st,\\ncannot be over-estimated, as it was pre-eminently prominent among the\\nbrave regiments that breasted the fearful current of disaster which was\\nsweeping away the Federal right, fighting desperately in turning the tide\\nof affairs in favor of the Union army, and during the following days of\\nthat great conflict never wavered in any position assigned it, and when the\\nroll of the regiment was called at the close of the five days of this san-\\nguinary strife, all answered to their names except the dead and wounded.\\nIn the fearful struggle at Chicamauga this noble regiment, under com-\\nmand of Colonel J. B. Culver, displayed again its brilliant fighting quali-\\nties in the efficient service rendered on the LSth of September, while\\ndeployed as skirmishers, near Lee and (lordon s IMills, hdlding a position\\nuntil 12 M., on the 19t]i, against a strong line of the enemy s skirmishers,\\n.supported by a section of artillery. On the IDth it rejoined its brigade and\\ndivision some distance to the left of the ^lills, executing the movement\\nunder a heavy fire of the enemy, on the double-cpiick, with the thermometer\\nat ninety degrees above. Soon after the regiment charged in a handsome\\nand gallant manner, checking the onset of the rebels, who were forcing", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTEEN^TH INFANTRY. 357\\nback a part of the brigade. In tliis charge it lost heavily, including among\\nthe killed Captains D. B. Husnier and Clark 1). Fox, and Lieutenant\\nCharles D. Hall; all fell while nobly battling with treason and rebellion.\\nIn the engagement the regiment went in with 217 officers and men, and\\nlost 14 killed, G8 wounded, (of whom 11 died,) and 25 missing.\\nThis regiment wiis serving in Georgia on the 1st of November, 1864, and\\non the 3d was at Tilton, when it received orders to proceed to Romeo, where\\nit remained until the 7th, when it joined the army of General Shennan, at\\nKingston, and was assigned to 2d brigade, 1st division, 14th corps, and\\nformed a part of the general army that marched down to the sea. The\\nregiment, with its brigade, reached Savannah on the IGth of December,\\nand was on duty in the trenches before that city until the 21st, when the\\nenemy evacuated the place. On January 17th, 18G5, the regiment moved\\nforward with the army on the march through the Carolinas, and was\\nengaged at Catawba River, S. C, February 29th, and at Averysboro, N.\\nC, March 16th, and again at Bentonville on the I Jth, where it fought the\\nenemy the entire day, sustaining a loss of 110 killed, wounded, and missing.\\nAmongst the killed was its commanding officer, Colonel W. G. EaUm.\\nPending the negotiati(ms attending the surrender of Johnston s army, the\\nregiment was stationed on the Cape Fear river, twenty -six miles south of\\nRaleigh, and on the 30th of April it started, with the army, homeward,\\nreaching Richmond on the 7th of May, and Washington on the 19th, and\\non the 24th participated in the grand review of General Sherman s army\\nat the National Capital.\\nNote. Greeley, in The American Conflict, says of the battle of Stone River:\\nBradley s Glh Ohio Battery at one lime lost two of its guns; but they were subse-\\nquently recaptured by the 13th Michigan. There was connected with the recapture\\nof these guns an incident worth recording of Julius Lillie, Orderly Sergeant of Company\\nE. Marker s brigade, except the I3th Michigan, had been driven off the tield with\\nheavy loss; Bradley s Glh Ohio Battery, attaclied to this brigade, retreated with a loss\\nof two guns. The 13th Michigan, left alone, had nobly maintained their position until\\nthey had lost over one-third of their number, and were al)0nt beiug surrounded. Col.\\nShoemaker then ordered them to retire, but, after moving them a few rods through\\nquite a dense undergrowth, he reformed them and ordered them to charge the advanc-\\ning enemy, which they did, every man shouting and yelling like so many born devils.\\nThe rebels, ten times their numl)er, not l)eing able to see their strength for the inter-\\nvening thicket, and supposing they had fallen into an ambuscade, broke and tied. The\\nIBih pursued them entirely off the ground, over an open space, into a woods full half a\\nmile from the place of the fight. The rebels tired as they retreated, but were so closely\\npursued they had no opportunity to form, and the 13th took over fifty prisoners, be-\\nsides recapturing the two guns belonging to Bradley s battery. As the regiment, every\\nman on the full run, approached the guns, several men sprung forward to be the first\\nto reach them, but Sergeant Julius Ldlie outstripped all competitors, and as he reached\\nthem slapped his hand on one of the guns at that moment a shot from one of the re-\\ntreating rebels struck him in the right side, and, probably Irom the position in which\\nhe was standing, passing along without cutting the inner coating of his intestines, came\\nout about eight inches from its entrance, causing of course an ugly wound. This was\\non the afternoon of Wednesday, the 31st day of December, and although the regiment\\nwas under fire every hour of daylight from this lime until Saturday night, and slept\\nevery night on their arms on the battle field, yet Lillie refused to leave his command\\nand go to the hospital, but remained with his regiment during the whole period and\\nwould only allow himself ti^be relieved from duty after the enemy had evacuated Mur-\\nfreesboro and victory was assured to our forces.\\nTHE FOURTEENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 14th regiment moved from Ypsilauti on the 17th of April, 1862, in\\ncommand of Colonel Robert P. Sinclair, of Grand Rapids, under whose", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "358 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ndirection it had been recruited, and joined the Western army at Pittsburg\\nLanding, Tenu. It svas under Pope in the advance on Corinth, and uas\\nengaged in repeated skirmishes with the enemy while in front of that\\nstronghold. In November and December of that year it was statidned at\\nStone river, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel M. W. Quackenbush. On\\nthe 3d of January following it participated in the great battle at that\\npoint, having marched from Nashville during the night previous, through\\nmud and rain, a distance of thirty miles.\\nOn the 21st of May, 1864, the regiment Avas ordered to proceed to\\nBridgeport, Ala., and thence moved by forced marches to Dallas, Ga.,\\nwhere, joining the army under General Sherman on the 4th of June, the\\nregiment participated in all the active movements of the campaign until\\nthe tall of Atlanta. It was engaged at Kenesaw Mountain on the 15th of\\nJune, and on the 5th and 6th of July it charged and drove the rebels\\nfrom their rifle-pits at the Chattahoochie river, capturing a number of pris-\\noners. Its casualties in the latter engagement were 9 killed and 35 wounded.\\nOn the 7th of August the regiment assisted in taking two lines of rebel\\nworks, and driving the enemy from the field, killing and wounding a num-\\nber, and taking 92 prisoners, suffering a loss of 8 killed and 27 wounded.\\nIn this affair Lieutenant Joseph Kirk was mortally wounded and died\\nnext day.\\nThe battle of Jonesboro, Ga., on September 1, 1864 the last of Sher-\\nman s great and brilliant operations around Atlanta, when he opened the\\ngate of his great highway to the sea and the important engagement at\\nBentonville, N. C, on the 19th and 20th of March, 1865\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his last contest\\nwith the enemy on that remarkable and unequalled cam[)aign which aston-\\nished the world were the fields on which the 14th infantry gained much\\nof its enviable reputation, by very prominently distinguishing itself in\\nglorious achievements which added much to the success of these important\\naffairs. The regiment was in the 14th corps, so conspicuously engaged at\\nJonesboro, and during that bloody conflict, while in command of Col. Henry\\nR. Mizner, this gallant Michigan regiment charged the enemy with great\\nenthusiasm, at fixed bayonets, first at quick, and then at double-quick, and\\nwithout firing a gun or raising a shout carried tlie rebel works in its front,\\nfilled with the enemy, capturing Sweet s rebel battery of four 12-pounder\\nNapoleon guns, shooting and bayoneting the artillerists at their guns, in the\\nact of firing, and taking as prisoner General D. C. Govan, who surren-\\ndered his command to Sergeant Patrick Irwin, the first man inside the\\nworks. Govan had in his possession the sword of Major Cooledge, 16th U.\\nS. infantry, who fell at Chicaraauga. In the command surrendered were\\nCaptain Williams, A. A. A. G., Major Weeks, 2d Arkansas infantry, and\\nthree hundi ed enlisted men. During the charge the colors of the 1st\\nArkansas infantry were captured by Lieutenant Weatherspoon and Ser-\\ngeant Smith, of company A, who killed one of the color-guard while in the\\nact of firing up!)n Weatherspoon. Gaining the works, the colors of the\\nregiment were gallantly planted on them by Sergeant Steiner, and were\\namong the first placed on that rebel stronghold. After passing the first\\nline of works, a second four-gun battery was captured, when one of the\\nguns was instantly turned upon the fleeing enemy by Lieutenant Giffbrd,\\nand a fire delivered with telling effect.\\nOn November 1st the regiment, in command of Lieut.-Colonel George\\nW. Grummond, broke camp at Uomc, Ga., and commenced the grand\\nmarch to Savannah, moving via Kingston and Atlanta, and thence through\\nMilledgeville, destroying many miles of railroad reaching Savannah ou", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "THE FOURTEENTn INFANTRY. 359\\nthe 16th, it lay in front of that city until the 21st, when the enemy\\nevacuated the place. At that point the regiment remained until January\\n20th following, when it moved forward with the army, on the march through\\nthe Carolinas, reaching Sister s Ferry on the 28th, where it remained ten\\ndays, assisting in repairing the roads on the opposite side of the Savannah\\nriver, wJiich had become impassable. Having crossed the river on the\\nevening of February 6th, the march through South Carolina was commenced\\non the 8th. Moving on what is called the Augusta road, and proceeding\\nonward, crossed the Salkehatchie, South and North Edisto, Broad, Catawba,\\nand Big Pedce rivers, arriving at Fayetteville, N. C, March 10th, the regi-\\nment having lost on the march down to that time twenty-two men, captured\\nwhile foraging. Reaching Cape Fear river, it crossed on the Tith, the\\nenemy s rear-guard picketing along a small stream, about one mile distant,\\nover which there was a high bridge, the plank of Avhich had been removed\\nby the enemy. On approaching that poiut it was found to be held on the\\nopp(Jsite side by two regiments of cavalry. The 14th Michigan Avas ordered\\nto push forward and drive the enemy from his position, and establish his\\nline one mile in advance. The night being very dark, the men were obliged\\nto cross in single file on the timbers. They pushed across very ra])i(lly,\\nhowever, and engaged the enemy, driving him over two miles, capturing\\nhis camp and a large quantity of forage, killing one and taking two })ris-\\noners. The regiment established its line, .and remained there until the 14th,\\nwhen it was relieved by the advance of the 1st division. On the morning\\nof the 15th the march was resumed. Skirmishing with the enemy was\\nkept up the entire day, and until 10 o clock next morning, when he made\\na decided stand near Avcrysboro, and a severe battle ensued. The 1st\\nbrigade, 2d division, of which the 14th ^Michigan formed a part, Avas ordered\\nimmediately to the front, and placed on the extreme left of the line, having\\nto cross a deep and wide ravine in getting into position. The brigade was\\nformed in two lines, the 17th New York and 14th Michigan composing the\\nfirst line, and the 10th Michigan and 60th Illinois the second. The first,\\nadvancing under a severe fire, gallantly carried the first line of the enemy s\\nworks, taking a number of prisoners, but the enemy, becoming heavily re-\\ninforced, and after repeated attempts to carry the position, strongly sup-\\nported by the second line, the men behaving exceedingly well, it was f )und\\nimpossible to dislodge him, the brigade holding its position until next\\nmorning, when the enemy abandoned his work, the regiment losing in the\\nengagement twenty-two killed and wounded, including two officers wounded.\\nAt Bentonville on the 19th and 20th of ^larch, 1865, the regiment, then\\nin command of Lieut. Col. George AV. (jrummond, was fiercely assaulted in\\nhurriedly constructed works by a largely superior f )rce, which it success-\\nfully repulsed, and then most gallantly charging over its own works cap-\\ntured most of the assaulting party and soon afterwards, on ascertaining\\nthat a flanking force of the rebels had taken possession, of the works the re-\\ngiment had but just left, it was instantly faced by the rear rank, charged,\\nand retook the works at the point of the bayonet. During these charges the\\nregiment took 19 officers and 390 enlisted men prisoners, together with the\\ncolors of the 54th Virginia and 05th North Carolina r gimonts. The loss\\nof the 14th in this engagement was 23 in killed and wounded and 4 in\\nprisoners.\\nThe successes of the 14th on these occasions were among the most glorious\\nin the Sherman campaigns, illustrating most forcibly the heroism of the\\nregiment and placing it squarely up to the high standard of Michigan\\ntroops.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "360 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nTHE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 15th, in command of Col. J. M. Oliver, by whom it was organized,\\nfirst met the rebels at Shiloh on the 6th and 7th of April, 1862. Arriving\\nthere only the day before the battle, it next morning became hotly engaged,\\nand was thus early initiated into the sad realities of war, and at a great\\nsacrifice, losiug in the engagements of both days two officers and thirty-one\\nmen killed and one officer and sixty-three privates wounded and seven miss-\\ning. Capt. George A. Strong and Lieut. Malvin W. Dresser, two officers\\nof much merit, being among the killed of the 6th. After the affiiir at Shi-\\nloh the regiment composed a part of the force under Gen. Halleck which\\ncompelled the rebels to abandon Corinth. The 15th was in General Rose-\\ncraus army when his position at Corinth was assaulted by the rebel forces\\nunder Price in October, 1862. At that time the regiment, under command\\nof Lieut. Col. McDermott, held the outpost of that army atChewalla, onthe\\nMemphis and Charleston railroad, and about ten miles from Corinth, where\\nit met and checked the advance of Price, and most signally made its mark\\nas a most reliable and brave regiment. On the morning of the 1st of Oc-\\ntober the pickets of the 15th were driven in, the regiment holding the ene-\\nmy in check during the day in the evening was reinforced by the 14th\\nWisconsin and a section of a 12-pounder battery, the whole force in com-\\nmand of Colonel J. INI. Oliver, of the 15th Michigan. The command fought\\nduriug the 2d and 3d against overwhelming numbers, contesting every inch\\nof ground, but falling back gradually upon Corinth, several times being\\ncompletely flanked and obliged to retire on the double-quick, with the en-\\nemy on both flanks. It is claimed that the admirable disposition made by\\nCol. Oliver of his force and the steadiness and gallantry of the men engaged\\ndelayed an army of 40,000 (or thereabout) at least twenty-four hours in\\nmaking their main and final attack upon Corinth, thus enabling General\\nRosecrans to make the disposition of his forces which most successfully se-\\ncured the repulse of the enemy and compelled him to make a most disas-\\ntrous retreat.\\nNovember 2d, 1802, the 15th was ordered Avith its division to move from\\nCorinth, where it had been stationed, to Wolf Creek. From that i)oint the\\nregiment proceeded to Grand Junction November 19th, to serve as garrison\\nand j)rovost guard. It was also employed while at Grand Junction in\\nguarding the IMemphis and Charleston railroad and in scouting after guer-\\nillas. The regiment remained at Grand Junction and at La Grange until\\nJune 5th, 1803, when it was ordered to Vicksburg, Miss., with the 1st divi-\\nsion, 16th corps, to which it had been attached since January 1st. Arriv-\\ning at the moutli of tlie Yazoo, June 11th, the loth proceeded up the river\\nand disembarked at Ilayne s Bluff. Having been attached temporarily to\\nthe Oth corps, it participated with it in the advance on Jackson on the 4th\\nof July. The Big Black river was crossed on the 6th (this regiment lead-\\ning) on rafts and by swimming, and until the arrival of the national forces\\nbef )re Jackson the regiment v/as engaged in skirmishing with the rebels.\\nIt participated in the movements of the 9th corps until the enemy were\\ndriven across the Pearl river on the 17th. On the 23d it began its uiarc^i\\nback to the Big Black. It was here attached to the 2d brigade, 4tli divi-\\nsion, 15th army cor[)s. The 15th corps having been ordered to reinforce\\nthe Army of the Cumberland, the regiment arrived at Memphis, Tenn.,\\nOctober 8th, and at Corinth, j\\\\Iiss., on the 17th. On the following day it\\nproceeded to luka, where it remained until October 25th, and on the 1st of\\nNovember it arrived at Florence, Ala.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 361\\nOn the 4th of May, 1864, the 15th arrived at Chattanooga from ]\\\\Iichi-\\ngan, Avhcre it had been on veteran furlough. Being encamped at Kossville,\\nnear that point, it moved to participate in the Georgia campaign, taking\\npart in the engagements that occurred during tlie movement on Ivcsaca.\\nOn the 17th the command marched to Dalhis via Adairsville. Entrench-\\ning it remained in its works, with occasicmal skirmishing, until the 1st of\\nJune, when it moved to near New Hope Church, and on the 5th to Ack-\\nworth. On the 10th the regiment marched to Big Hhanty, and on the 15th\\nmoved to the right of the line, and with its brigade su])ported a force Avliich\\nattacked and drove the enemy from their works. ^larching on the 19th,\\ncommand moved to the right of the railroad facing Kenesaw I\\\\Iountain,\\nwhere it remained un il the 25th. Moving to Marietta on the Bd of July,\\nthe regiment marched thence on the 4th, and on the 8th arrived at Nick-\\najack creek and entrenched in view of the enemy s works. ^larching via\\nMarietta to Kossville, the regiment crossed to the south side of the Cliatta-\\nhoochie river on the 14th. On the 17th it moved to Cross Keys, and on the\\n18th marched toward Decatur, going into line of battle, though not l)ecom-\\ning engaged. On the 2Uth it moved forward via Decatur several miles, and\\non that and the following day engaged in skirmishing with the enemy.\\nOn the 21st the regiment, in command of Lieut. Col. F, S. Hutchinson,\\nbecame eminently distinguished, rendering most gallant and valuable ser-\\nvice. Early on the morning of that day the rebels attacked in flank and\\nrear the 17th corps, which was on the left hf the 15th corps, driving it back\\nwith much loss. About 1 o clock the 15th ]\\\\Iichigan was ordered to fill a\\ngap on the extreme left of its corps, about one mile distant from the ])osition\\nit then occupied. The regiment moved on the double-quick, and upon\\ncoming into line near the position indicated found it in possession of the\\nenemy it, however, moved gallantly forward in line, striking the enemy\\nupon the Hank, driving him from his position, taking 17 officers and 167\\nmen as prisoners and capturing the colors of the 5th Confederate infantry,\\nand also the colore of the 17th and 18th Texas, (consolidated,) and suffering\\na loss of four killed and six wounded. This was the advance of two rebel\\ndivisious which were massed in a wood but a short distance in the rear.\\nThe })romptitude with which the movement was executed by the 15tli de-\\nterred the remainder of the rebel force from making a forward movement,\\nand thus prevented the enemy from breaking our lines, and probably averted\\ndisaster from that part of the field.\\nOn the 27th f)llo\\\\ving the regiment proceeded to the extreme right of the\\narmy. While advancing in line on the 28th the enemy attacked and were\\ndriven off with heavy loss, their dead and wounded being left on the field.\\nThe casualties in the regiment during the action were SS wounded.\\nDuring the remainder of the month and until the 26th of August the re-\\ngiment was engaged in the trenches before Atlanta, skirmishing almost\\ndaily with the rebel troops. On the 28th it moved on the Atlanta and\\nMontgomery railroad, which, on the following day, it assisted in destroying.\\nOn the 5Ulh the regiment nuirched to the enst side of Flint river, near Jones-\\nboro and entrenched. An assault made by the enemy on the olst was\\nrepelled with heavy loss. On the 1st of September the skirmishers advanced\\nand captured a numberof prisoners at Jonesboro ISIoved forward to Love-\\njoy s (Station on the 2d, the regiment entrenched and there remained until\\nthe 5th, having continued skirmishing with the enemy. On the 6th the\\ncommand withdrew to Jonesboro On the 8th it proceeded to East Point,\\nwhere it remained during the month. Leaving East Point on the 4tli of\\nOctober the regiment marched, via Marietta, Altoona, Kingston, Rome,\\nW", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "362 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nCalhoun, Resaca, Snake Creek Gap, Lafayette, Summersville, and Gales-\\nville, in Georj^ia, and Little River, King s Hill, Cedar Bluff, and Cave\\nSprings, in Alabama, and participated in the skirmishes and engagements\\nthat occurred during the pursuit of the rebel army under Hood in Northern\\nGeorgia and Alabama, the regiment marching during this month two hun-\\ndred miles.\\nOn November 1st, 1864, it left Cave Springs, Ala., in the 3d brigade, 2d\\ndivision, 15th corps, moving via ]\\\\Iariotta and Powder Springs, Georgia, to\\nAtlanta, and soon after commenced the march with Gen. Sherman s army\\nto Savannah and thence to Washington, having been engaged with the\\nenemy at various points on that remarkable march.\\nCaptain Charles H. Barnaby was killed in action before Atlanta August\\n13, 1865.\\nTHE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 16th was raised and organized during the summer of 1861 by Col.\\nT. B. W. Stockton, and for sometime was known as Stockton s Indepen-\\ndent Regiment, afterwards as the 16th Michigan infantry, which accounts\\nfor its having so high a numerical designation. This regiment commenced\\nits battles with the siege of Yorktown in April, 1862, and ended them at\\nAppomattox Court-house in April, 1865, having passed through the various\\ncampaigns of the Army of the Potomac with much credit and a glorious\\ncelebrity, serving during the whole war in the 3d brigade, 1st division, 5th\\ncorps.\\nAmong its various battles none perhaps appear more prominent in its\\nhistory than Gaines ]\\\\Iill and Peeble s Farm. In the former engagement,\\non the 27th of Juno, 1862, the 3d brigade was commanded by Col. Stock-\\nton, and in the early part of the day the 16th lay in reserve, and was held\\nin that position under a heavy fire from the enemy s works on the Rich-\\nmond side of the Chicahominy, and the rebel lines in front and left, until\\nabout 2 P. ]\\\\I., wlien the rebels made a desperate advance in several columns\\ndeep upon the Federal lines. The 16th was ordered to the front to assist\\nin repelling the attack, and went in gallantly on the double-quick under a\\nvery destructive fire from the rebel batteries, driving the enemy in its front\\nback to his former position. The regiment then formed in the brigade line\\non the extreme left of the corps, holding the position under constant lighting\\nuntil about 5 P. M., losing heavily. About this time the enemy massed ou\\ntheir right and opposite the front of the brigade, and threw column after\\ncolumn in, causing the troops on the right to break, whereupon the 16th\\nwas ordered to fall back to the river; but not thinking of retreat, faced\\nabout and stood its ground until overwiielmed by numbers and compelled\\nto retreat to the river. Here the gallant ]Maj(u- N. E. Welch, in conunand\\nof the regiment, and his brave olKcers rallied their men, and with strag-\\nglers from other regiments, numbering in all about 1,000, again charged\\nover dead and dying comrades, until their line met Jackson s corps, and\\nwhere, within short range, the rebels opened upon the whole line with fear-\\nful effect, mowing the men down like grass, compelling the brigade to fall\\nback, the 16th losing three officers and forty-six men killed, six officers and\\none hundred and ten enlisted men wounded, and two officers and fifty-three\\nenlisted men missing. Among the killed were Captain Thomas C. Carr\\nand Lieutenants Bynm McGraw and Richard Williams, oflicers of much\\npromise and courage. The few that were left succeeded in reaching the\\nopposite side of the Chicahominy, leaving Col. Stockton, who from exliaus-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 363\\ntion and the loss of his horse, which had been shot under him, and Captains\\nMott and Fisher, together ^Yith Surgeon Wixom, prisoners in the hands of\\nthe enemy.\\nTiie regiment was engaged at Malvern Hill July 1st, with a loss of forty-\\ntwo in killed, wounded, and missing. In August following it joined Pope s\\narmy at Fredericksburg, and fought at Bull Kun on the oOth of that month,\\nsustaining a loss of three officers and thirteen men killed, four officers and\\nfifty-nine men wounded, with seventeen missing. Captain R. W. Ransom,\\nLieutenants Michael Chittick and John Ruby were the officers killed.\\nLeaving Harper s Ferry on the 1st of November, 1862, this regiment\\narrived at Falmouth on the 23d. Crossing the Rappahannock on the Tith\\nof December, it participated with the Army of the Potomac in the battle\\nof Fredericksburg, losing three killed, twenty wounded, and eight missing.\\nThe regiment crossed the Rappahannock and the Rapidan, and from the\\n2d to the 5th of May, 1863, was engaged at the battle of Chancellorsville,\\nwith a loss of one killed and six wounded. Marching with the army in\\nJune, on the 21st it was engaged in the battle of Middleburg, commanded\\nby Col. N. E. Welch, capturing from the enemy a piece of artillery and\\nnineteen officers and men, with a loss on the part of the regiment of nine\\nw-ounded, including Captain Judd M. Mott (mortally) who died June 28th\\nfollowing.\\nThe 16th, by a series of forced marches, arrived at Gettysburg, Penn.,\\non the 1st of July, and on the 2d, 3d, and 4th, it participated in the battles\\nof that place, sustaining a loss of three officers and twenty-one men killed,\\ntwo officers and thirty-four men wounded, and two men missing. Lieuts.\\nBrown, Jewett, and Borden were among the killed. July 5th, the regiment\\nengaged in the pursuit of the enemy, arriving at Williamsport, Md., on the\\n11th. It crossed the Potomac at Berlin on the 17th, and on the 23d was\\nat the battle of Wapping Heights, though not actually engaged. Partici-\\n])ating in the movements of the army in October, on the lOtli it ci ossed the\\nRappahannock, recrossed on the llth, and as skii-mishers advanced to\\nBrandy Heights, but did not become engaged. Falling back with the\\narniy, on the 23d it marched to Auburn.\\nIn November the regiment was encamped on the Orange and Alexandria\\nrailroad, and on the 7th again moved forward with the army, and during\\nthe movement to the Rai^pahannock it participated in the capture of the\\nenemy s works on the left bank of that stream, losing three in wounded.\\nOn the 26th it was in the advance on Mine Run.\\nEngaging in the campaign of 1864, on the 4th of May the regiment\\ncrossed the Rapidan at Geritfania Ford, in command of ]\\\\Iajor R. T,\\nElliott. On the 5th it was detailed to guard the wagon train at Wyckoff\\nFord. On the 6th and 7th the regiment participate(i in the battle of the\\nWilderness, without loss on the 6th, but on the second day losing thirty-five\\nin killed and wounded. On the morning of the 8th the regiment proceeded\\nby a forced march to Spottsylvania Court-house. During the evening of\\nthe 8th, while attempting to pass an almost impassable swamp, a portion\\nof the regiment was attacked, the enemy making an attempt to capture\\nthat portion engaged, but the rebels were thrown into confusion by its fire,\\nduring which a charge was made and a rebel colonel and a large number\\nof men were taken prisoners. The loss to the regiment was small, and was\\nmainly in prisoners, who were subsequently recaptured by our cavalry.\\nThe regiment remained in the neighborhood of the Spottsylvania Court-\\nhouse until the 21st, when it moved with its corps toward the North Anna\\nriver. On the morning of the 22d, while acting as advance guard for its", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "364 HISTORY OP MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ncorps, the regiment encountered the rear guard of the enemy near Polecat\\ncreek. Four companies Avere deployed as skirmishers, who, advancing,\\ndrove the enemy from their position, and captured a large number of pris-\\noners. On the 24th it forded the North Anna river. The enemy having\\nattacked and caused a portion of the line to retire, the 16th, with other\\nforces, was ordered to regain possession of the ground. The movement,\\nalthough made under a very heavy fire, was successful, the enemy being\\ndriven back with great loss. On the 24th the regiment moved to a point\\non the Virginia Central railroad, and on the 25th to near Little river. Re-\\ncrossing the North Anna on the 26th and 27th, it proceeded by forced\\nmarches toward the Pamunkey river, wdiich it crossed at Hanovertown on\\nthe morning of the 28th, and went into line of battle on the South creek,\\nthrowing up a line of breastworks. On the following morning the regi-\\nment moved to near Tolopotamy creek. On the 30th it again moved for-\\nward. During the afternoon, the army having become engaged, the\\nregiment was ordered into position on the left of the line. Though exposed\\nin an open field to a raking fire, the men stood their ground with great\\npertinacity, protecting themselves by throwing up earthworks with their\\nhands, bayonets, and tin plates. Major Elliott, while leading the regiment,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was here killed, when Captain George H. Swan assumed command. The\\nenemy were finally driven back, and the regiment held the ground during\\nthe night. On the 1st of June the 16th drove the enemy from the rifle-\\npits, which it succeeded in holding against all efforts to retake them. On\\nthe 2d, 3d, and 4th, the 16th was engaged in the vicinity of Bethesda\\nChurch. On the 5th it moved to near Cold Harbor, and on the 6th to Dis-\\npatch Station. June 13th, while in command of Captain Guy Fuller, it\\ncrossed the Chicahominy at Long Bridge, en route for the James river,\\nwhich it crossed on the 16tli, arriving in front of Petersburg on the f )llow--\\ning day. From this time to the 15t]i of August, when it was placed in\\nreserve, the regiment was employed in the trenches in front of Petersburg.\\nIt participated in the movement, on the 18th of August, on the Wcldon\\nrailroad, and remained in this vicinity, constructing and occupying a por-\\ntion of the line of defences, until the 30th of September.\\nAt Peeble s Farm, or Poplar Grove Church, the regiment also became\\nmost signally distinguished. At 3 o clock A. M., September 30, 1804, the\\n5th corps moved to the left, until it reached near an old church in the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0woods, where sharp skirmishing began. The 3d brigade was got into line\\nfor a charge the 83d Pennsylvania, temporarily in command of INIajor\\nB. F. Partridge, of the 16th INIichigan; 32d Massachusetts, commanded\\nby Colonel Edmunds, and the 16th Michigan, commanded by the lamented\\nWelch, advancing on the works on Peeble s Farm, the 16th IMicliigau\\nhaving the centre, striking the angle of the fort first, climbing the works,\\nand engaging the enemy in a hand to hand fight for some time, while the\\nother regiments came in on the right and left, and thus carried the works,\\ntaking all the rebels who defended them, and capturing the guns, but\\nlosing in the 16th Michigan ten killed and forty-two wounded, including\\nthe commander, Colonc^ N. E. AVelch, who was instantly killed while\\ngoing over the enemy s works, sword in hand, leading on his regiment in\\nthat dashing cliarge.\\nMajor Partridge received a bullet through his neck and two other\\nwounds while gallantly leading the 83d Pennsylvania to the attack on the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0works.\\nDuring the months of October and November the regiment lay in the\\ntrenches near Poplar Grove Church, Va., and in December accompanied", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 365\\nits corps on the raid to Bellfiekl, where it assisted in destroying about six-\\nteen miles of raihx)ad. It was in the trenches before Petersburg during the\\nmonth of January, 1865, and on February Gth and 7th, in command of\\nCohjnel Partridge, was engaged witii tlie enemy at the battle of Dabney s\\nMills, or Hatcher s Eun, where it lost heavily on March 25th at Platcher s\\nRun at White Oak Swamp on the 29th, at Quaker Road on the olst, and\\nat Five Forks on Ajiril 1st, and, following Lee s army until its surrender, on\\nthe 5th it was engaged with the enemy at Amelia Court-house, on the Gth at\\nHigh Bridge, and at Appomattox Court-house on the Dth, thus participating\\nin the last day s fighting of the gallant Army of the Potomac.\\nNote. At the battle of Fredericksburg in December, 18G2, after fighting nil day and\\npart of the night, the troops lay down on their arms and were soon asleep. The ammu-\\nnition wagon of a Michigan regiment coming up. the mules hungry and thirsty, being\\nhalted near the sleeping place of the Colonel, gave one or more of their peculiar howls,\\nwhich suddenly awoke the Colonel, who, much provoked at being thus so unceremoni-\\nously disturbed, and in his bewildered condition thinking that the noise was made by\\nthe musicians of the regiment, called to his Adjutant to put these damned buglers under\\narrest and send them to the rear they will jeopardize the safely of the whole army.\\nJohn Steele, a private in Company K, 16th Michigan, having his right arm shot off at\\nMiddlcburg, Capt. Hill said to him, a few minutes after John, you cannot carry a\\nmusket any more. John replied, with tears in bis eyes No, Captain, but I can car-\\nry the colors, can t I\\nWhile the IGth Michigan was engaged at Cold Harbor, a Maryland regiment broke\\nwhile under fire, and when falling back was checked and he d by the IGth. The Colonel\\nof the regiment struggled to rally it, but without success, when he hurriedly advanced\\nto Col. Partridge, and, with tears streaming down his manly face, exclaimed Colonel,\\nwould to God that I commanded a Michigan regiment He had hardly said these\\nwords when a rifle bullet passed through his body killing him instantly.\\nTHE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 17th Michigan, the gallant and celebrated Stonewall regiment of\\nWilcox s division, 9th corps, was organized, drilled, and disciplined at De-\\ntroit Barracks by General James E. Pittman, late Inspector General of\\nMichigan. A short time before it left the State Colonel W. H. Withington\\nwas commissioned as its colonel, and it went to the field under his command\\nAugust 27th, 1862, going immediately into the IMaryland campaign under\\nMcClellan. In a little more than two weeks after leaving the State Col.\\nWithington and his regiment met the enemy in the sanguinary and import-\\nant action of South Mountain. On the evening of the 18tlt of September\\nthe regiment marched from Frederick City, Svhere it had bivouacked the\\nnight i)cfore, with the rest of the 9th corps. It marched out on the National\\nTurnpike in the direction of South IMountain, and about midnight rested for\\na few hours not many miles from IMiddletown. Before daybreak on the\\nmorning of the 14th Middlctown was passed, and the base of the mountain\\nreached about 9 A. M. The enemy was found in force on each side of a\\ngap, holding each crest of the mountain, and strongly posted behind the\\nstone fences and other available shelter, with their batteries in commanding\\npositions enfilading the main road. The regiment was ordered to move off\\nthe main road and advance up the Sharp.^burg road. This movement was\\nexecuted by the regiment in common with the rest of Wilcox s division,\\nwhich had ])roceeded far up the road toward the crest of the mountain, and\\nmoving to the support of a sectimi of Cooke s battery, which had been sent\\nup the mountain to open on the enemy s guns on the right of the gap, was\\nabout to deploy, when the rebels suddenly opened at two hundred yards\\nwith a battery throwing shot and shell, killing several in the regiment and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "366 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ndriving back the battery, the cannoneers, with their horses and limbers,\\nrushing through the dense ranks, causing a temporary panic among some\\nof the troops that might have resulted in the loss of the guns had the enemy\\ntaken advantage of it. The 17th promptly changed front under a heavy\\nfire of shot and shell and moved out with tlie 79th New York to protect the\\nbattery, and lay in line of battle until nearly 4 o clock P. M. exposed to a\\nsevere fire from Drayton s brigade of South Carolina infantry in the imme-\\ndiate front, without being able to reply to it, and having grown impatient\\nof delay and anxious to advance, the order to charge upon the enemy was\\nreceived with enthusiastic cheers. The regiment, being on the extreme\\nright of Wilcox s division, moved rapidly forward through an open field\\nupon the enemy s position under a storm of lead from the stone fences in\\nfront and from the batteries on the right, with cheer after cheer sent up in\\ndefiant answer to the rebel yell, the 17th most daringly advanced to\\nwithin easy musket range without firing a shot, when it opened a murderous\\nfire upon the enemy, which was kept up for a short time, steadily advanc-\\ning, the extreme right of the regiment swinging round and getting an enfi-\\nlading fire upon the rebels entrenched behind the stone walls. Unable to\\nstand this destructive fire they broke in confusion, the left of the regiment\\ngallantly charging over the Avails with shouts of triumph, pursuing the flee-\\ning remnants of Drayton s brigade over the crest and far down the slope\\nof the mountain, gaining and holding the key-point of the battle. The\\nsplendid conduct and extraordinary services of the 17th in this action gave\\nthe regiment at the time much celebrity, and has since been given in his-\\ntory as among the most brilliant achievements of the war. The 17th suf-\\nfered severely, losing Lieut. George Galligan and 26 men killed and 114\\nwounded.\\nIn a recent account given by Col. F. W. Swift, then a captain, of the part\\ntaken by his regiment in that battle, he says\\nOur men having been so long exposed to the fire of the enemy, without\\nbeing able to reply, had grown impatient at the delay, and the order to move\\nforward and charge upon the enemy was received with shouts of enthusiasm.\\nWe moved out from our sheltered position through an open field and upon\\nthe enemy s position, exposed to a storm of lead from behind the stone fences\\nin front and from the enemy s batteries on the right. Our regiment was on\\nthe right of the division, which was composed mostly of old troops, and our\\nmen moved upon the enemy as if jealous of the laurels their veteran coad-\\njutors might win. AVith cheer after cheer, sent up in defiant answer to the\\nrebel yell, they advanced to within easy musket shot, when they opened a\\nmurderous fire upon the enemy, which was kept up for some time, the regi-\\nment steadily advancing, and the extreme right of the regiment swinging\\naround and getting an enfilading fire upon the rebels entrenched behind the\\ntwo stone walls on the left of the road. Unable to stand this murderous\\nfire the enemy broke in dismay, the left of the regiment charging with shouts\\nof triumph over the walls and pursuing the remnant of Drayton s brigade\\nover the crest and far down the slope of the mountain, thus gaining and\\nholding the key-point of the battle.\\nThree days afterwards, at Antietam, it was again in battle, sustaining a\\nfurther loss of eiglitoen killed and eighty-seven wounded. The next day it\\nwas in the front skirmishing with the retreating enemy, and had one man\\nkilled.\\nOn the 19th of March, 1863, the 9th corps, then stationed in Kentucky,\\nwas ordered to reinforce General Grant in Mississippi, and the regiment, in\\ncommand of Col. C. Luce, left with it to engage in that campaign, and par-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 367\\nticipated in the advance on Jackson by Gen. Sherman, engaging the enemy\\non the 11th of June with li ;ht h).s.s.\\nAfter the campaign in Mississippi the corps returned to Kentucky and\\nengaged in the movements of the Army of the Ohio in East Tennessee in\\nSeptember and October following.\\nWith its division it moved from Knoxville to Blue Springs, but did not\\nparticipate in tiie engagement at that place. Returning to Knoxville on\\nthe 14th of October, it marched iVom thence on the 20tl), and proceeded via\\nLoudon to Lenoir. The regiment remained at that point until November\\n14th, I860, when it marched to the Tennessee river, below Loudon, to op-\\npose the advance of the rebels under Longstreet, then moving on Knoxville.\\nIt lay under arms during the night, and on the following morning com-\\nmenced falling back, closely followed by the rebel forces. It continued to\\nretreat on the IGth with its corps, its brigade moving in the rear of the army\\nand the regiment acting as the rear guard. NVhiJe crossing Turkey creek,\\nnear ani[)heirs Station, the enemy attacked in f )rce, and a severe engage-\\nment ensued. In this action the loss of the regiment was seven killed, nine-\\nteen wounded, and ten missing. During the night of the IGth the regiment\\nmoved with the army to Knoxville, assisting actively in the defence of that\\ntown while besieged by the enemy. On the 20th of November the regiment\\ncharged the enemy s line and destroyed sevei al houses that were occupied\\nby rebel sharp-shooters. Lieut. Josiali Billingsly aud one man were killed\\nby the enemy s shells while the regiment w\u00c2\u00bbas returning to the trenches. On\\nthe 24th Lieut. Ct l. Loreu L. Comstock, then in couuuand of the regiment,\\nAvas killed. On the night of the 28th the skirmish line of the regiment was\\ndriven in and sixteen men were captured by the rebels.\\nReturning to Virginia and Avith its corps joining the Army of the Poto-\\nmac and engaging in the great campaign of 18G4, it crossed the Rapidau at\\nGermania Ford on the 5th of May, and on the Gth encountered the enemy\\nat the Wilderness, losing seven killed and thirty-nine wounded. On the\\n8th the regiment moved via Chancellorsville towards Spottsylvania. On\\nthe morning of the 9th the division of General Wilcox, to which the regi-\\nment belonged, moved upon the enemy in the vicinity of Spottsylvania\\nCourt-house and found him in force, occupying a commanding position on\\nthe Ny river. The 2(1 brigade was ordered to cross the river and feel for\\nthe enemy. Romer s New York battery being brought into position opened\\nfire; the 17th, commanded by Col. C. Luce, was temporarily detached from\\nthe 1st brigade to support it. Meanwhile the 1st and 2d brigades, having\\nbecome engaged, found the enemy in superior force, and two regiments had\\nbeen repulsed with considerable loss from a very important and command-\\ning position, leaving many of their wounded on the field. The 2d brigade,\\nwhich was on the extreme right of the division, being left in great danger\\nof being flanked and cut off, its commander sent back to division headquar-\\nters f r reinforcements, the 17th was ordered to a^lvance for that purpose;\\nthe order was promptly obeyed, and the regiment bravely crossed the stream\\non double-quick, and advanced rapidly up the road to the position held by\\nthe 2d brigade and firmed on its left.\\nIt was soon ascertained that the enemy, who it seems had retired from\\nthe crest of the hill from which they had repulsed our troops, were again\\nadvancing in force for the double purpose of gaining the crest and flanking\\nthe division; and it became necessary for the brigade to check the advance\\ninstantly, and a movement was immediately commenced for that purpose.\\nThe 17th, commanded by Col. F. W. Swift, making a half wheel, advanced\\nat double-quick up the hill and occupied the crest just as a brigade of rebel", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "368 HISTORY OP MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\ntroops were advancing up the other slope. The regiment promptly opened\\na well-directed volley upon them, doing great execution, and in si)ite of the\\nfrantic efforts of their officers they broke and fled in great disorder, leaving\\nmany of their dead and wounded, thus securing by this well-timed and\\nrapid movement a very impfll tant position, which the regiment held and\\nfortified, thereby saving the dead and wounded of our troops, which had\\nbeen repulsed in the first attack, from foiling into the hands of the enemy,\\nand at the same time relieving the 2d brigade from its perilous position, and\\nwhich was handsomely acknowledged by Col. Christ commanding.\\nIn the engagement, out of 225 the regiment lost 23 killed, 73 wounded,\\nand 93 as prisoners. Among the killed were Captain John S. Vreeland\\nand Lieutenant Alfred E. Canfield.\\nDuring the attack of the rebels on Fort Steadman in the line of works\\nbefore Petersburg, on March 25, 1865, the regiment was advanced as skir-\\nmishers, and succeeded in repelling those of the enemy, taking sixty-five\\nprisoners, the regiment losing one killed and two wounded.\\nGeneral Wilcox, in his report of the part taken by the 1st division, 9th\\ncorps, at South Mountain, says of the 17tli IMichigan in that engage-\\nment:\\nI planted a section of Cook s battery near the turn of the road (Sharps-\\nburg) and opened fire on the enemy s battery across the main pike. After\\na few good shots the enemy unmasked a battery on his left, over Shiver s\\nGap, from a small field enveloped by woods. He threw canister and shell,\\nand drove Cook s cannoneers and drivers doAvn the road with their limbers\\nCook gallantly remained with his guns. [Cook here lost one man killed,\\nfour wounded, and two horses killed.] The attack was so sudden, the whole\\ndivision being under fire a flank fire that a temporary panic ensued until\\nI caused the 79th New York, Lieutenant Colonel Morrison, and 17th IMichi-\\ngan, Colonel AVithiugton, on the extreme left, to draw across the road facing\\nthe enemy, who were so close that we expected a charge, to take Cook s\\nbattery. The 79th and 17th here deserve credit for their coolness and firm-\\nness in rallying and changing front under a heavy fire.\\nI received orders from Generals Reno and McClellan to silence the\\nenemy s batteries at all hazards. Sent picket report to Reno, and was\\nmaking disposition to charge moving 17th Michigan so as to cross the\\nhollow and flank the enemy s guns when the enemy charged out of the\\nwoods on their side, directly upon our front, in a long heavy line, extending\\nbeyond our left to Cox s right. I instantly gave the command, Forward!\\nand we met them near the foot of the hill, the 45th Pennsylvania in front.\\nThe 17th Michigan rushed down into the hollow, faced to the left, leaped\\nover a stone fence, and took them in flank. Some of the supporting regi-\\nments, over the slope of the hill, fired over the heads of those in front, and\\nafter a severe contest of some minutes, the enemy were repulsed, followed\\nby our troops to the opposite slope and woods, forming their own position.\\nThe 17th Michigan, Col. Withington, performed a feat that may vie\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2with any recorded in the annals of war, and set an example to the oldest\\ntroops.\\nThis regiment had not been organized a single month, and was com-\\nposed of raw levies.\\nIn General McClellan s report the regiment is spoken of as follows\\nGeneral Wilcox praises very highly the conduct of the 17th IMichigan\\nin this advance, a regiment which had been organized scarcely a month,\\nbut which charged the enemy s flank in a manner worthy of veteran\\ntroops.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "THE EIGHTEENTH IXFANTRY. 369\\nThe New York press at the time made tlie folhnving comment on the\\npart taken by the 17th at South Mountain\\nThe enemy, as usual, souglit every advantage, particuLarly that of\\nnumerous stone fences, behind which they assaik?d our men fiercely. But\\nthe ini| etuous cliarges of some of our regiments, particularly that of the\\nITth ^lichigan, but two Aveeks from liome, carried everything before it, and\\nthe (lead bodies of the enemy on that mountain crest hiy thick enough for\\nstepping-stones. The greatest slaughter at this j^oint was among General\\nDrayton s brigade, composed mainly of South Carolinians and some Geor-\\ngians. Nearly the whole of this brigade was either killed, wounded, or\\ncaptured.\\nExtract from the re] ort of Captain F. AY. Swift, covering operations of\\nhis regiment on NovendK r IGth, 20th, and 25th, 1863:\\nOn the 16th we marched for Knoxville. Our regiment being detached\\nas rear guard, was attacked by the enemy s advance guard about half-past\\n9 A. ]M., near Campbell s Station, and after severe fighting through the day,\\nwe retired during the night to Knoxville. Lieut. A. P. Stevens was mor-\\ntally wounded, and died at Knoxville December 11th following.\\nOn (he night of the 20th the regiment was ordered to burn a house\\noccupied by the enemy s sharpshootei s. This was done successfully but\\nwhile returning to camp, Lieut. Josiah Billingsly was killed by a she^l from\\none of the enemy s guns.\\nOn the 25th a n)usket ball from the ene^my s skirmish line struck Lieu-\\ntenant-Colonel Comstock, wounding him so severely that he died the same\\nevening.\\nTHE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY.\\nIn the summer of 1864 the 18th INIichigan, a regiment composed of as\\nfine and intelligent a body of men as went to the field during the entire\\nwar, Avas known wherever it served as one of the best disciplined, as well\\nas one of the most reliable in the service.\\nIts rendezvous was at Hillsdale, and for the purpose of organization the\\ncamp was placed in charge of lion. Henry Waldron. On tlie 4th of Sep-\\ntember the regiment left Hillsdale, in connnand of Colonel Charles C.\\nDoolittle, under orders to report at Cincinnati.\\nOn the 1st of November, 1862, this regiment was stationed at Lexing-\\nton, Ky., and remained at that point until February 21, 1863, when it\\nmarched toward Danville, arriving on the 22d. On the 24th, with the\\nforces under General Carter, it retreated from Danville to the Kentucky\\nriver, skirmishing with the rebels under General Pegram during the re-\\ntreat. On the 28th the regiment joined in the pursuit of Pegram, f )l]ow-\\ning the rebels as far as Buck Creek, making a long and rapid march, jiartly\\nover a rough, mountainous road. On April 2d it returned to Stanford.\\nOn the 7th it was ordered to Lebanon, and thence proceeded by railroad\\nto Nashville, arriving at Nashville April 14th.\\nThe regiment was stationed at this point, doing provost guard duty, until\\nthe 11th of June, 1864. On the 12th it arrived at Decatur, Ala., where\\nit formed part of the garrison. On the 28th it made part of a force which\\nsurprised the camp of Paterson s brigade of rebel cavalry, at Pond Springs,\\nAla., ca})turiug all their camp equipage, wagons, ambulances, and com-\\nmissary stores, with some prisoners. On the 25th of July the regiment\\nassisted in routing the same rebel brigade at Cortland, Ala. In both of\\nthese expeditions the regiment was iu the advance, and was the only in-\\nX", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "370 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nfantry engaged. On the 1st of September it left Decatur to reinforce the\\ngarrison at Athens, Ahi., against a threatened attack by General Wheeler,\\nthen engaged in a raid through Tennessee, It arrived in Athens just in\\ntime to prevent the command of the rebel General Roddy from entering\\nand pillaging the town. The regiment remained at Athens until the 8th,\\nwhen it joined Colonel Streight s brigade, of General Steadman s command,\\nthen in pursuit of Wheeler, and marched to Shoal Creek, within seven\\nmiles of Florence, Ala. Being in the advance, it here overtook and skir-\\nmished with Wheeler s rear guard. The pursuit being abandoned, the\\nregiment returned to camp at Decatur, September 11th.\\nOn the 24th of September following a detachment of the regiment, con-\\nsisting of two hundred and thirty-one officers and men, under Captain\\nWeatherhead, of the 18th, with a detail of one hundred and fifty men from\\nthe 102d Ohio, the whole commanded by Colonel Elliott, of that regi-\\nment, left Decatur to reinforce the garrison of Athens against an attack\\nfrom the forces under the rebel General Forrest. When within two miles\\nof that place, they were met by a force of the enemy, since ascertained to\\nbe about four thousand strong. They fought their way through in the\\nmost gallant manner, and, after five hours of hard fighting, during which\\nthey had expended all their ammunition, and having got within sight of\\nthe fort, found it in possession of the enemy, it having been surrendered\\nbut a short time before, and being overwhelmed by the superior force of\\nthe enemy, they were compelled to give up the contest. Only one officer\\nand seventeen men escaped the others were either killed, wounded, or\\ncaptured. The determined fighting and gallant conduct of these detach-\\nments is acknowledged not to have been excelled by any troops during\\ntlie war.\\nAt the time of the advance of General Hood s army upon Nashville in\\n1864, the regiment formed a part of the garrison of Decatur, the whole\\nforce of the post being in command of Colonel Doolittle, and on the 26th,\\n27th, 28th, and 29th of October, the 18th in command of Lieutenant-\\nColonel Hulbard, participated in the defence of that post against tlie rebel\\narmy of Tennessee, estimated variously at thirty or forty thousand, under\\nGeneral Hood. The place was ably and gallantly defended and the assault\\nmost bravely repelled by Colonel Doolittle, with his small force, having on\\nthe first day only fifteen hundred men, on the second twenty-five hundred,\\nand five thousand on the last day. During the attack, Captain Moore, of\\nthe 18th, with about fifty men, was sent out to dislodge a line of the\\nenemy s sharp-shooters, who had established themselves in the rifle-juts,\\nwithin three hundred yards of our works. This movement was executed in\\nfine style, undor a galling fire from the enemy s main line, which was not\\nover five hundred yards distant, Captain Moore driving them from their\\ncover and bringing in five officers and one hundred and fifteen men as pris-\\noners. This brilliant ex])loit of Captain ]\\\\Ioore and his men has probably\\nnot been surpassed for daring bravery throughout the war. On tlie^e occa-\\nsions the 18th was most signally distinguished, and while faithfully illus-\\ntrating the reliable and superior fighting qualities of the regiment, they\\nwill also be recognized as prominent affairs in its history.\\nOn the 1st of November, 1864, this regiment was in garrison at Decatur,\\nAla., where it remained until the 2oth, when the evacuation of the line of\\nthe Memphis and Charleston railroad, from Decatur to Stevenson, was\\ncommenced. Then it left Decatur, marching along the line of that\\nrailroad to Stevenson, a distance of eighty miles, reaching that point\\nDecember 2d, where it was employed building fortifications until the 19th.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 371\\nwhen it was ordercfl back to Decatur, via tlie Tennessee river. On the 23d\\nthe regiment was hmdcd at Whitesboro, and marched to Iluntsville, to aid\\nin repelling a threatened attack by Forrest, and on the 24th returned to\\nWhitesboro and re-embarked for Decatur, arriving there on the 28th. It\\nremained at that point, doing garrison duty, until the 11th of January,\\n1865, when it proceeded by rail to Huntsville, and was there engaged on\\npost duty. On June 20th the regiment was ordered to Nashville for muster\\nout.\\nTHE NINETEENTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 19th was raised in the counties of Branch, St. Joseph, Cass, Berrien,\\nKalamazoo, Van Buren, and Allegan. Its camp was at Dowagiac, and\\nwas commanded by Colonel Henry C. Gilbert, who went into the fiehl as\\ncolonel of the regiment, and nobly met his death for his country while\\nleading his regiment upon a rebel battery at Kesaca.\\nIt broke camp at Dowagiac on the 14th of September, 1862, and took its\\nroute to Cincinnati, and thence to Nicholasville, Ivy.\\nOn the 1st of January, 1863, this regiment was stationed at Danville,\\nand belonged to the Army of Kentucky. This army, having been trans-\\nferred to the Department of the Cumberland as a reserve corps, the I Jth\\nmoved with its brigade to Nashville, where it arrived February 7th, ])ro-\\nceeding thence to Franklin. On the 4th of jNIarch, with 600 cavalry and\\n200 additional infantry, it took part with its brigade in a reconnoissance ia\\nforce. After a march of four miles, skirmishing commenced with the enemy s\\nscouts and advanced pickets, but the rebels retiring, the brigade encamped,\\nthe 19th having lost in the skirmish one wounded. The march having been\\nresumed on the f )llo\\\\ving day, the enemy were met in force at Spring Hill,\\nnear Thompson s Station. It was then serving in Colonel Coburn s brigade,\\nof General Baird s division. Army of Kentucky.\\nOn March 4th the brigade, composed of the 33d and 85th Indiana, 22d\\nWisconsin, and 19th j\\\\Iichigan, numbering in all about 1,587 men, strength-\\nened by 200 of the 124th Ohio, with detachments of three regiments of\\ncavalry, about 600 strong, and one battery of six guns, left Franklin to\\nmake a reconnoissance in f )rce on the Columbia pike. About f ur miles\\nout, the scouts and advance pickets of the enemy were met, when sharp\\nskirmishing commenced, in which the 19th participated with slight loss.\\nIn the skirmish the enemy was driven back, with a loss of fifteen killed and\\nwounded. INIoving forward, he was again encountered at a short distance,\\nbut night coming on, the f )rce went into camp.\\nEarly on the morning of the 5th the march was resumed, leaving the\\n124th Ohii^ in charge of the wagon train. After marching about two miles\\ntlie cavalry met the enemy s pickets, and a heavy skirmish was continued^\\nuntil the command came in sight of Thompson s Station, the enemy falling\\nback. Advancing a short distance, and where the railroad joins the pike,\\nthe enemy opened fire with a heavy battery. Colonel Coburn immediately\\nformed his line, and ordered a section of the battery to occupy a hill on the\\nleft of the ])ike, sending the 19th ^lichigan and 22d Wisconsin to support\\nit. The 3.3d and 85th Indiana, with the other guns of the battery, took\\nposition on a hill on the right. The enemy had two batterie.s on a range\\nof hills three-quarters of a mile in front, and south of the position occuj)ied\\nby the Union troops. The 33d and 85th Indiana made a demonstration on\\ntlie left of the enemy to draw him out, or charge his batteries, according to\\ncircumstances. This was commenced and continued under a most galling", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "372 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nfire from the enemy s batteries. Upon reaching the station, the skii-mishers\\nunmasked two whole brigades of dismounted rebel cavalry posted behind\\nBtone walls and other defences. It being impossible to advance farther\\nunder the incessant and severe fire, the regiments were ordered to retire to\\ntheir former position on the hill, supported by two companies of cavalry\\nbut for some reason or other the cavalry did not accompany them. No\\nsooner had the two regiments commenced to fall back than they were pur-\\nsued by two rebel regiments, one from Arkansas and the other a Texan,\\nboth firing rapid volleys into the retiring ranks, and at the same time were\\nunder fire from the rebel batteries. As soon as they reached the hill they\\nfaced about and drove the enemy in turn in double-quick, killing Colonel\\nEarle, of Arkansas. The rebels again rallied, and charged desperately,\\nbut were driven. It then became evident that Colonel Coburn had encoun-\\ntered the entire cavalry of Bragg s army, commanded by General Van\\nDorn, about 18,000 strong, in six brigades, under the command of Generals\\nForrest, Wheeler, French, Armstrong, Jackson, Martin, and Crosby.\\nThe rebels then advanced upon the left, where were posted the 19th\\nMichigan and 22d Wisconsin. These regiments opened fire upon the enemy\\nand held him in check for some twenty minutes. At the time the left was\\nfirst attacked, that portion of the battery there stationed, hurriedly left that\\npart of the field without orders, leaving the two regiments without artillery\\nto assist them in repelling the enemy, then charging desperately. At the\\nsame time Lieut. Col. Bloodgood, of the 22d Wisconsin, with three com-\\npanies of that regiment, left the field without orders, moving off* by the left\\nflank, and joining the retreati-ng cavalry and artillery. Forrest checked\\nin his advance, made a circuit with his whole force, beyond the ground\\noccupied by Coburn, to the east, Avith the intention to turn his left flank.\\nThe 19th and 22d was then moved on the west side of the pike, leaving\\nthe 33d and 85th to protect the hill on its south face. The four regiments\\nhad scarcely formed line, lying down behind the crest of the hill, when\\nArmstrong s brigade charged from the east and the Texans from the south,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when a severe ccmtest ensued, and the fighting became terrific. Three times\\nthe rebels gallantly charged up the hill from the east, and thrice were they\\nforced back. In one of their charges the 19th INIichigan captured the\\ncolors of the 4th Mississippi and four prisoners. The fighting was close\\nand desperate. Tlie enemy having gained possession of the hill on the east\\nof the road, were hurling grape and canister into the ranks like hail, and\\nthe battle raged furiously. But it was a hopeless struggle defeat was only\\na question of time. The ammunition was getting short, and Forrest getting\\nbetween them and Fraidclin was advancing from the north. A new line\\nwas formed by Coburn s force, facing north, to meet the new line of advance.\\nForrest was nu^t and held in check until the last round of ammunition was\\nfired. The gallant and brave little band then fixed bayonets to charge and\\nbreak the enemy s lines, and escape; l)at just as they were about to charge\\nit was discovered that the enemy had still another line in reserve, and a\\nbattery began to open and f trni a new position. Escape was hopeless, and\\nto avoid useless loss of life, the command surrendered, having lost 113 in\\nkilled and wounded out of 512 who went into action.\\nColonel Gilbert had his horse shot luider him in the early part of the\\nengagement, and behaved most gallantly. When he offered his sword to\\nthe Confederate commander, he declined to receive it, saying, that an\\nofficer who was so brave in battle, and commanded so gallant a regiment,\\ndeserved to retain his arms.\\nDuring Sherman s advance upon Atlanta the 19th was in the 1st brigade.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 373\\n4th division, 20th corps, and at Resaca, IMay loth, 1864, became conspicu-\\nously and desperately engaged, when, with the brigade, it gallantly charged\\na four-gun battery, captured the artillery, and heltl the pt;sition. In this\\ncharge Colonel Gilbert, conunanding the regiment, was mortally wounded\\nwhile leading and urging on his men, and died at Chattanooga on the 24th\\nof that month. In the same engagement Capt. C. H. Calmer was killed at\\nthe nuizzle of a gun while leading his company in the charge; while the\\nloss in the regiment was 14 killed and 66 wounded. On the IDth the regi-\\nment, in command of Major E. A. Griffin, charged into Cassvillc and assisted\\nin driving out the enemy, losing one in killed, f )ur wounded, and capturing\\nfour guns. It again engaged at Kew lIo})e Church on the 25th of i\\\\Iay,\\nwhere it sustained a loss of five in killed and forty-seven Avoundcd, includ-\\ning among the killed Lieut. Charles Maudeville and among the wounded\\nCajjt. Charles W. BigeloAV, who died on the 29th of his wounds. On the\\n15th of June it was again engaged at Golgotha, losing four killed and nine\\nwounded, and at Gulp s Farm June 22d, where its casualties were thirteen\\nwounded. Among the severely wounded was Major Griffin, who died of his\\nwounds next day. Following up the rebel army after its evacuation of the\\nposition at Kenesaw ^lountain and crossing the Chattahoochic, the regi-\\nment, under the command of Major John J. Baker, participated in the\\nrepulse of the fierce attack of the enemy on our lines at Peach Tree Creek\\non the 20th July. The loss of the regiment in this battle was four killed,\\nwith IMajor Baker, and thirty-five wounded\\nDuring the siege of Atlanta, from July 22d to August 25th, the regiment,\\nin command of Ca])t. David Anderson, constructed several strong lines of\\nworks, but, although under the fire of artillery and sharp-shooters, did not\\nparticipate in any of the engagements that took plfice. Its loss during the\\nsiege was two killed and six wounded. The regiment did not take part in\\nthe flank movement to the south of Atlanta, but falling backwnth its corps,\\ntook ])osition at Tanner s Ferry, on the Chattahoochie river, where it re-\\nmained until the 2d of September. At this date the greater ))ortion of the\\nregiment, with a force under Col. Coburn, of its brigade, made a reconnois-\\nsance toward Atlanta. This f )rce advanced to the city limits, and finding\\nit evacuated by the enemy, excepting by a few cavalry, took possession.\\nOn the following day the remainder of the regiment entered the city with\\nits cori)s.\\nThe 19th formed part of Sherman s army on that remarka})le march from\\nAtlanta to the sea, participating in the numerous engagements of its corps\\nwith credit and distinction.\\nAt the battle of Averysboro N. C, on March 16, 1865, the regiment\\nbore a brilliant part, acquitting itself with its usual bravery and vigor.\\nColonel David Anderson, then in command of the 19th, in a recent report,\\nsays\\nOn the 16th of March the enemy was met near Averysboro and a bat-\\ntle ensued, in which the regiment, then in the 2d brigade, 3d division, 20th\\ncorps, took an active and important i)art. The brigade to which the regi-\\nment was attached being ordered to assault the enemy s works, the order\\nwas gallantly and promptly obeyed, resulting in the taking of the works,\\nthe regiment capturing two pieces of artillery and many prisoners. In this\\nassault we lost two brave officers, Captain Leonard Gibbon and Lieutenant\\nCharles G. Purcell, and four men killed and fifteen wounded, several se-\\nverely.\\nAlthough the 19th may have acquired celebrity in other engagemcnrs,\\nyet those named will undoubtedly be remembered as prominent events in its", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "374 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nhistory, illustrating its brilliant conduct in battle, and must be indelibly\\nstamped on the memories of the survivors of this gallant regiment.\\nNote. Company D of this regiment, numbering 50 men, being stationed at a stock-\\nade on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, at Stone River, were attacked on the\\n5th of October, by a large force of rebel cavalry and artillery under Maj. Gen. Wheeler,\\nand after a short but hopeless resistance, having lost six in wounded, the conipiiny sur-\\nrendered but, after having been plundered, were released. Lieut. Baldwin reports in\\nrelation to this aflfiiir, that, having expected an attack, he had early on the morning of\\nOctober 5th put his command in good condition to meet it. About half-past 7 A. M. on\\nthat day a body of mounted troops numbering about 150, dressed in Federal uniform,\\ncame within 300 yards of the stockade, and on account of their uniform were taken for\\nU. S. troops and not molested. They fell back behind a small grove and for the two\\nhours following troops were coming to the front and taking position, completely sur-\\nrounding the stockade, when a flag of truce wms sent in by the rebel commander, and a\\ndemand made in the name of Major-Geueral Wheeler of unconditional surrender. Not\\nfeeling inclined to comply with the request without a struggle, Lieut. Baldwin declined\\nthe proposition and sent back a reply that he would have to fight before he got me.\\nOn the receipt of this reply fire was opened from a battery which was promptly re-\\nsponded to by musketry. The fire was kept up for an hour and a half, throwing nearly\\nforty charges of grape, canister, solid shot and shell. Of these, ten shot passed through\\nthe stockade, knocking the logs to pieces, causing more injury from the splinters than\\nfrom shot. Lieut. Baldwin, deeming it useless to attempt to hold his position any longer\\nagainst such odds, and expecting no assistance, surrendered his command, losing six\\nwounded, while the loss of the enemy was ascertained to be two killed and eight wound-\\ned. The rebel force consisted of two divisions of cavalry with twelve pieces of artillery.\\nLieut. Baldwin s men were disarmed, stripped of their overcoats, and marched out on\\nthe Shelbyville Pike, nearly to Guy s Gap, where they were searched, money and all\\narticles of value taken from them, and then the company was unconditionally released,\\nwhen under a pass from General Wheeler, it returned to its encampment at the stockade,\\nand next morning marched from Murfreesboro.\\nTHE TWENTIETH INFANTRY.\\nThe 20th regiment was recruited from the counties of Washtenaw, Jack-\\nson, Calhoun, Eaton, and Ingham. Its camp was at Jackson, with Tidus\\nLivermore, Esq., as commandant. It left Jackson for Wasliington Septem-\\nber 1st, 1802, in command of Colonel A. W. Williams, and was soon after\\nattached to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 9th corps, of the Army of the Po-\\ntomac.\\nEarly in 1863 the regiment left the Army of the Potomac with the corps,\\nand soon commenced the campaign in Kentucky, Mississippi, and Ten-\\nWhile the corps lay in Kentucky the 20th IMichigan occupied Monticello\\nfor a few days, and on May 6th fell back to the Cumberland river, near\\nJamestown, where the river makes a grand curve known as Horse-shoe\\nBend. On Friday, ^lay 8th, a hundred picked men of the regiment, in\\ncommand of Capt. D. W. Wiltsie, had pursued and driven ofi the band of\\nthe notorious Champ Ferguson, while three companies, under Captain\\nBarnes, had been placed on j)icket at the Narrows, about two miles from\\nthe ferry, on the south side of the Cumberland in the meantime the regi-\\nment, \\\\vith the exception of the detachiueiits named, had crossed to the\\nnortli .side by the evening of the 9th, and this movement had ju^t been ac-\\ncomplished when a courier reached the head(}Uiirters of the regiment with\\nintelligence that Capt. Wiltsie s command, attacked by a heavy force, had\\nbeen driven back, while the pickets under Capt. Barnes were being attacked\\nabove, Lieut. Col. W. Huntington iSniith, in connnand of the regiment,\\n(Col. Williams being sick,) directed Major Cutcheon to proceed to the front", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 375\\nand make a reconnoissance and who, upon ascertaining the condition of\\naffairs and convinced that the most advantageous position to fight the ad-\\nvancing enemy was at the Narrows, rallied the scattered detaclimcnts\\nof Wiltsie and Barnes, and, leading them back to the Narrows, posted\\nthem just in time to meet and bravely repulse a sharp attack of the enemy,\\nascertained to be the advance guard of General John ]\\\\Iorgan. During the\\nearly part of the night of the 9th Col. Smith had come up with the remain-\\nder of the regiment, increasing the force to a little upwards of three hun-\\ndred. On the morning of the 10th the attack was resumed; the front re-\\nquired to make a proj)er defence against such a superior force was necessa-\\nrily very extended, the comnuvnd being distributed to the best advantage\\njwssible for that purpose; the left wing of the regiment was commanded by\\nCol. Smith and the right wing by Major Cutcheon. The enemy pushed for-\\nward with much confidence a brigade, driving in the pickets, assaulting in\\nfront and flank the main line, itself scarcely more than an ordinary skir-\\nmish line, but he was promptly and decisively repulsed, with much loss,\\nafter this sharp but desidtory fight. During tbe afternoon the comnuuid\\nwas reinforced by a hundred dismounted men of the 11th Kentucky cavalry,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0with one piece of the 13th Indiana battery. At 4 P. I\\\\I. it was resolved to\\ntake the offensive. Across a road, about two hundred yards in fnmt, lay the\\nenemy in line; under cover of a rapid fire from the gun the force advanced\\niu double-quick to the charge with the bayonet, routing him in gallant\\nstyle and driving him to the woods. In a very short time he threw f )r\\\\vard\\nhis reserve brigade, making the odds in his favor ten to one, forcing back\\nthe command to its first position with severe loss, part of the fighting being\\nhand-to-hand and most desperate. In defending this position the contest\\nwas maintained for nearly three-fourths of an hour, when the enemy suc-\\nceeded in turning their left, forcing them back to a new position. General\\nMorgan then demanded a surrender, stating that he had an entire division,\\nand that further resistance was useless. He was invited to come and take\\nthem but declined the invitation. Another reinforcement of a hundred\\nmen was received, which covered the withdrawal of the force to the river,\\nwhen it recrossed in the presence of a vastly superior force without further\\nloss.\\nThis affair must be considered as one of the most notable minor engage-\\nments of the war. A handful of men, comparatively, without supports,\\nwith retreat cut off by a stream one hundred and fifty yards wide, deep aiMl\\nraj)id, without entrenchments, repulse the charge of a large brigade, and\\nthen in turn drive them with the bayonet then maintain a desperate light\\nwith an entire division of nearly four thousand men, and finally withdraw-\\ning IVoiu thorfeld in good order, saving the piece of artillery, bringing off\\nthe wounded, and recrossing the river in face of the enemy. In this battle\\nthe loss of the 20th was forty-four killed, wounded, and missing, including\\namong the killed Lieutenant William j\\\\I. Green, a valuable officer, while\\nthe rei)els acknowledged a loss of one hundred and seventy-five in killed.\\nFor its gallant conduct on this occasion the regiment received the highest\\ncommendation from General Burnside and his hearty thanks.\\nThe 20th infantry was, on the 1st of November, 1863, at Lenoir Station,\\nEast Tennessee, where it remained until the 14th. The enemy making at\\nthis time their advance toward Knoxville, the regiment was ordered to\\nIlou-h s Ferry, with other forces, to check their advance, but on the loth\\nfill hack to Lenoir Station, the regiment covering the retreat, and holding\\nthe Loudon road during the night. On the IGth the army continuing the\\nretreat to Kuoxville, the 20th, with the 2d and 17 th Michigan infantry,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "376 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nwere constituted the rear guard. The enemy followed thera up with great\\nvigor, and at times pressed them very heavily. At Turkey Creek, near\\nCampbell s Station, the rear was attacked by the enemy in force, but suc-\\ncessfully sustained the attack for over two hours, when they were reinforced.\\nThe loss of the 20th during this action was thirty-three in killed and\\nwounded. Among the former was its commanding officer, Lieutenant-\\nColonel W. Huntington Smith, who was among the first to fall. He was a\\nbrave and efficient officer, and his loss was deeply felt by the regiment.\\nOn the morning of the 17th the regiment, in command of Major Byron\\nM. Cutcheon, arrived at Knoxville, having marched all night over bad\\nroads, it being the third night that it had been without rest. The enemy\\nmade their appearance before Knoxville on the 17th, and commenced the\\nsiege, Avhich continued until the 5th of December. The 20th occujiied an\\nexposed position on the line of defences, losing heavily, including Captain\\nW. D. Wiltzie, an officer of great ability and courage, who was wounded\\non the 25th, and died on the 27th of November.\\nIn ]\\\\Iarch, 1864, the 9th*borps was transferred to the Army of the Poto-\\nmac, and on the 21st of that month the regiment proceeded on its march to\\nVirginia. Having joined the Army of the Potomac, the 20th, then in\\ncommand of Colonel Cutcheon, and serving in the 2d brigade, 3d division,\\ncrossed the Raj)pahannock on the 4th of May, and the Rapidan, at Ger-\\nmania Ford, on the 5th. It participated in the battle of the Wilderness\\non the Gth, losing eight killed, Avouuded, and missing. On the 8th the\\nregiment formed part of the rear guard in the movement of its corps to\\nChancellorsville. On the 9th it took part in the engagement on the banks\\nof the Ny river, and on the 12th, in command of IMajor George C. Barnes,\\nColonel Cutcheon being wounded, it participated in the attack on the\\nenemy s Avorks at Spottsylvania Court-house, sustaining a loss in the acticm\\nof thirty killed, eighty-two Avounded, and thirty-one missing. Among the\\nkilled Avere Captains R. P. Carpenter and Walter McCollura, Lieutenants\\nDavid E. Ainsworth, and James B. Gould.\\nCrossing the James river, the regiment arrived in front of Petersburg on\\nthe 16th, and on the next day Avas engaged as support to the force attack-\\ning the enemy s lines, suffering but slight loss. On the 18tli the regiment\\ncharged over an open field, and through a cut in the Suffolk railroad, to a\\npoint near the enemy s lines, Avhere it constructed rifle-pits. During this\\naftack it suffered severely from a galling cross-fire, and lost more than one-\\nhalf of the number engaged, including Major Barnes, commanding regi-\\nment, mortally AVounded, aud Ca2)tain W. A. Dewey and Lieutenant George\\nP. Hicks, killed.\\nWhile this regiment, during its term of service, display^ persistent\\nfirmness and true courage on all occasions, perhaps there Avas no position\\nin Avhich it Avas jilaced that exhibited the bravery and endurance of the\\nmen to more advantage than in the charge made at the crater, or spring-\\ning of the mine, July 30, 1864. That affair, although resulting in a need-\\nless and miserable failure, Avas one of the most daring and desperate under-\\ntakings of the Avar, involving the advance of nearly a Avhole corps, closely\\nmassed, over open ground, and expitsed to a murdcnnis and Avithcring fire,\\ndriving large portions of the force into the mine, Avhich soon became a per-\\nfect slaughter pen, and from Avhich there Avas no escape exce^^t through the\\nleaden storm Avhicli led to certain death.\\nThe assaulting force Avas the 9th corj)s Avitli the l.Sth in supjiort, the 2d\\nin reserve on the right, and the 5th on the left, the whole closely nuissed,\\nwith Ledlie s division in advance, Wilcox s and Potter s next in support.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 377\\nand the colored division (General Ferrero) in the rear. The fuse was to he\\nliglited at 3i o clock A. JM., hut owing to some unavoidahle delay the ex-\\nplosion did not occur until twenty niin\\\\ites of five, after sunrise. A heaving\\nand trembling of the earth was ft)llowed by huge clouds of earth, and all\\nthe contents of the fort, guns, caissons, limbers, and the soldiers which\\nmanned them, being thrown into the air.\\nThe 20th was commanded by Col. B. M. Cutcheon, and belonged in the\\nbrigade commanded by Col. AVilliam Humphrey, 2(1 IMicliigan, and was\\nserving in Wilcox s division, in which were five other Michigan regiments,\\nthe 2(1, 8th, 17th, 27th and 1st sharp-shooters. When the mine was sprung\\nthe 20th advanced at double-quick and formed in the brigade colunni in rear\\nof the works, the regiment being the third battalion in the column. At\\n8:30 A.M., it formed in the trenches for the charge, the 2d Michigan on its\\nright and the 46th New York on its left, and was ordered to follow and he\\nguided by the movements of the regiment on the right; It moved by the\\nright flank on double-quick toward the enemy s works. Colonel Cutcheon,\\nseeing great numbers of the troops crowding behind the fort in much con-\\nfusion, moved by the left flank, throwing his regiment upon the enemy s\\nrifle-pits to the leii of the fort, ca])turing between thirty and forty of the\\nenemy, including two commissioned officers. When the first counter charge\\nwas made the regiment moved rapidly over the rifle-pits, and into the left of\\nthe f irt, and when the stampede of tnxips occurred it stood firm, actively and\\npersistently participating in repelling tha rebel charges, both in the forenoon\\nand afternoon, displaying much courage and coolness. At about 2:30 P.\\nM., the last charge was made by the rebels, when nearly all the Union\\ntroops fell back, by order of General Griffin, to their main line. A part of\\nthe 20th was still in the fort, and at 3 P. M., the colors of the regiment\\nwere still flying on the works, defended by about thirty of the men. Of\\nthese about ten made their escape, and the others were nuide prisoners,\\namong whom were Alexander Bush and Fraidc Phillips, color-bearers, who\\nprevious to their capture cut up the colors and staff of the regiment in small\\npieces, and buried them in the sand to prevent their falling into the hands\\nof the enemy.\\nThe regiment took part in the action of the 30th September following,\\nnear Poplar Spring Church, losing Captain Oliver Blood and Adjutant J.\\nE. Seibert, killed, and a number in prisoners.\\nIn November of that year the 20th, commanded by Colonel C. B. Grant,\\nwas encamped at Peeble s Farm in i vont of Petersburg, engaged on picket\\nduty. On the 28th of that month it moved with its division to the extreme\\nright of the line east of Petersburg, and during that night took position iu\\nthe trenches, the regiment occupying Battery No. 9, near the Ap] oinattox\\nriver, and relieving a portion of the 2d corps. The enemy having been\\napprised of the moveuient, had posted sharp-shooters in convenient positions,\\nwho kept up a continuous fire through the night, killing and wounding\\nseveral men of the regiment.\\nDuring the winter the regiment continued in position, within range of\\nthe enemy s fire from mortar batteries in front, and also on the right flank\\nfrom batteries across the river, mounted with Whitworth and sixty-four-\\npounder rifle guns. From these points he usually opened fire at intervals\\nof three or four days, driving every man to the shelter of the works. Tiie\\npicket trenches being only about two hundred yards apart at that point\\nfrom those of the enemy consequently, much annoyance and danger were\\nexperienced from the fire of his pickets; and on February lo, 1865, while\\nCaptain II. F. Robinson was riding along the lines, he was killed by a rebel\\nX", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "378 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nsharp-sliooter. Owing to the insufficiency of shelter and scarcity of fuel,\\nthe men in the trenches suflered much hardship, while at the same time\\ntheir duties were arduous, being engaged on picket or fatigue duty every\\nother day. About March 1st, the enemy was observed strengthening his\\nworks in front, as if he expected an assault. On the 13th the regiment\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was under arms, anticipating an attack and on the 15th it received orders\\nto be ready to move at a moment s notice. All the sick were sent to City\\nPoint, and the men required to sleep on their arms every night. On the\\nmorning of the 25th, about 4 o clock A. M., the command was aroused by\\nsentinel s cry of A charge! and the men were immediately ordered to\\nthe works. It was still dark, and no one seemed to comprehend the nature\\nor extent of the attack. There was an irregular firing heard a short dis-\\ntance on the left, and it was soon ascertained that the enemy had captured\\nFort Steadman, and that he was swinging around to the right in rear, with\\nthe intention of capturing all on the right of the captured fort and noth-\\ning but the vigilance and bravery of this regiment and the 2d Michigan,\\nwhich occupied the line between Battery No. 9 and Fort Steadman, pre-\\nvented the success of his movement. The 2d Michigan was forced back\\ninto Battery No. 9, with considerable loss in prisoners. All the rebel bat-\\nteries in front of the position were opened on that porti(fn of the line occu-\\npied by the 20th and 2d Michigan, also the guns of the captured fort, while\\nthe enemy was pouring in at the breach, and at the same time preparing\\nfor a charge in front. The 17th Michigan, advancing from division head-\\nquarters, charged rapidly on the advance in front, but was driven back by\\na superior force. Reforming, it again charged, the 20th and 2d Michigan\\ncharging gallantly on the right, covered by the guns of Fort McGilvery,\\nThe enemy, seeing that success was impossible, became utterly demoralized,\\nand retreated hastily in great disorder to his works. The regiment was\\nthen deployed along the picket-line, and succeeded in capturing about 350\\nof the retreating enemy, who were delivered inside our lines. During the\\nattack the regiment lost nine wounded, three mortally.\\nOn the 26th, anticipating another attack, the regiment was constantly\\nunder arms. On the 29th the enemy opened a furious fire, wounding four\\nmen, and on the 30th the regiment was ordered out through the covered\\nway to tlie picket trench, receiving orders, together with the 2d Michigan,\\nand 1st ]\\\\Iichigan sharp-shooters, to make a dash on the rebel works. It\\nwas decided that the 2d Michigan should make the charge, supported by\\nthe 1st sharp-shooters on the left, and the 20th on the right. The 2d started\\non the charge, preceded by fifty axmen to cut aAvay the chevaux defrm, but\\nthe furious fire of the enemy indicated that he was fully prepared, and the\\nattack at that point was abandoned. Fort Mahon, about two miles to the\\nleft of the position held by this regiment, was captured by our troops on\\nApril 1st, while at the same time a heavy demonsti*ation was made on the\\nright by the 1st Michigan sharp-shooters, which captured and for a short\\ntime held a portion of the enemy s works and the 20th, together with the\\nwhole brigade, was kept in constant readiness for a charge, should not our\\nforces succeed in holding Fort Mahon and a heavy artillery fire Avas kept\\nup during the whole day and night by all our batteries, and during the\\n2d, the regiment was held in readiness for a charge; and at 3 o clock A.\\nM., on the 3d, it was ordered towards the right to support the 1st ]\\\\Iichigan\\nsharp-shooters in a charge on the enemy s works, as it was supposed that he\\nwas evacuating. On arriving at the point indicated, the sharp-shooters,\\nfollowed by the 2d and 20th iNIichigan, cliarged into tiie city, cai)turing a\\nnumber of prisoners, guns, and small arms, and at 4:10 A. M., the flag of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 379\\nthe Ist Micliigan sharp-shooters was raised on the Court-house of Petersburg,\\nthat being the 1st regiment which entered the city, and the 20th was imme-\\ndiately detailed on j^rovost duty.\\nWhile the historic page of this reliable and gallant regiment is bright\\nand dazzling exhibiting a long list of brilliant and important battles\\nthere are none of them which set forth in stronger light its daring achieve-\\nments and I aithful service than these important engagements, in which its\\nfighting qualities were so severely tested and so nobly maintained.\\nTHE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY.\\nThe 21st had its rendezvous at Ionia, and was recruited from the Fourth\\nDistrict, comj)rising the counties of Barry, Ionia, Montcalm, Kent, Ottawa,\\nMuskegon, Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta, lilason, ^lanistee. Grand Traverse,\\nLeelenaw, ^lanitou, Oceola, Emmet, Mackinac, Delta, and Cheboygan. J.\\nB. Welch, Esq., was appointed commandant of camp. The regiment left\\nits quarters on the 12th of September, 1862, with orders to report at Cin-\\ncinnati. It was immediately pushed into Kentucky.\\nAt Pcrryville, October 8th, a little less than a month after it left the\\nState, the 21st regiment, commanded by Colonel Ambrose A. Stevens, re-\\nceived its first baptism in the blood of the rebellion. It belonged to Colonel\\nNick Greusel s brigade, and was led to ,its position in the fight by General\\nPhil. Sheridan in person, and although losing heavily, it, at the same time,\\nestablished a glorious reputation as a fighting regiment, which was emi-\\nnently maintained at Stcnie River, Chicaniauga, and Bentonville.\\nAt Stone River the 21st, then commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William\\nB. McCreery, was in Sill s brigade, of Sheridan s division, and became\\nhotly engaged, fighting desperately and continuously against immense odds,\\nlosing 17 killed, 85 wounded, and 37 missing, including among the mortally\\nwounded Captain Leonard O. Fitzgerald, a gallant officer, who died of his\\nwounds a few days after the battle.\\nGeneral Sheridan, in a portion of his report covering the operations of\\nhis division in that important engagement, says:\\nThe enemy appeared to be in strong force in a heavy cedar woods\\nacross an open valley in my front, and parallel to it the cedar extending\\nthe whole length of the valley varying from two hundred to four hun-\\ndred yards.\\nAt two o clock on the morning of the 31st General Sill, who commanded\\nmy right brigade, reported great activity on the part of the enemy imme-\\ndiately in his front. This being the narrowest point in the valley, I was\\nfeari ul that an attack might be made, and theref)re directed two regiments\\nfrom the reserve to report to General Sill, who placed them in position in\\nvery short supporting distance of his lines. At four o clock the division\\nwas assembled under arms, and the cannoneers at their pieces. About fif-\\nteen minutes after seven o clock the enemy advanced to the attack across\\nthe cotton field on Sill s front. This column was opened upon by Bush s\\nbattery, of Sill s brigade, which had a direct fire on its front, and by Hes-\\ncock s and Iloughtaling s batteries, which had an oblique fire on its front\\nfrom a commanding ])osition, near the centre of my line the effect of this\\nfii-e upon the advancing column was terrible. The enemy, however, con-\\ntinued to move forward until he had reached nearly the edge of the timber,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0when he was opened upon by Sill s infantry, at a range of not over fifty\\nyards. As this attacking force was massed several regiments deep, the de-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "380 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nstruction to it was great. For a short time it \u00e2\u0096\u00a0vvitlistood the five, then\\nwavered, broke, and ran. Sill directed his troops to charge, which was\\ngalhuitly responded to, and the enemy was driven back across the valley\\nand behind his entrenchments. The brigade then fell back in good order\\nand resumed its original lines. In this charge I had the misfortune to lose\\nGeneral Sill, who was killed.\\nThe enemy soon rallied and advanced to the attack. General Sheridan,\\nafter making several movements with brigades of his division and with his\\nartillery, intending to meet successfully the advancing enemy, and gallantly\\nattacking at several points against immense odds without success, finally\\ntook a position on Negley s right, and placed his batteries in position. In\\nthis position, says Sheridan, I was immediately attacked, when one of\\nthe bitterest and most sanguinary contests of the whole day occurred.\\nGeneral Cheatham s division advanced on Roberts brigade, while heavy\\nmasses of the enemy, with three batteries of artillery over the open ground\\nwhich I had occupied in the previous part of the engagement, and at the\\nsame time opened fire from the intrenchments in the direction of Mur-\\nfreesboro. The contest then became terrible. The enemy made three\\nattacks, and was three times repulsed, the artillery range of the respective\\nbatteries being not over two hundred yards. In these attacks Roberts\\nbrigade lost their gallant commander, who was killed. There was no sign\\nof faltering with my men, the only cry being for more ammunition, which,\\nunfi)rtunately, could not be supplied, on account of the discomfiture of the\\ntroops on the right of our wing, which allowed the enemy to come in and\\ncapture the ammunition tra-in.\\nGeneral Sheridan, in specially mentioning by name various brigade,\\nregimental, and battery commanders of his division one of whom was\\nLieut.-Colonel W. B. MeCreery, 21st Michigan says:\\nI refer with pride to the splendid conduct, bravery, and efficiency of\\nthe following regimental commanders and the officers and men of their re-\\nspective commands.\\nAt Chicamauga the regiment, in command of Col. MeCreery, belonged to\\nthe same brigade as at Stone River, and then commanded by Gen. Lytic,\\nwas serving in Sheridan s division of the 4th corps. On September 20th,\\nAvhile the division was advancing to the support of General Thomas, it be-\\ncame heavily engaged, and captured prisoners from four difterent rebel\\ndivisions. The 21st was in thehottest of the fight, behaved with great cour-\\nage, never yielding except when overcome by immense odds, but after a\\nbrave but fruitless effort against a perfect torrent of the enemy was com-\\npelled to give way.\\nIn General Sheridan s report is found the fi)lloAving extracts\\nOn the morning of the 20th September I rearranged my lines, and formed\\nmyself in a strong position on the extreme right, to which I had been as-\\nsigned, but whicdi was disconnected from the troops on my left.\\nAt about 9 o clock the engagement again opened by a heavy assault\\nupon the left of the army, while everything was quiet in my front. To\\nresist the assault that was being made on the left the interior divisions were\\nagain moved.\\nImmediately afterwards I received orders to support General Thomas\\nwith two briga(lcs, and had just abandoned my position and was moving at\\ndoul)le-quick to carry out the order when the enemy made a furious assuult,\\nwith overwhelming numbers, on Davis front, and coming up through the\\nunoccupied s])ace between Davis and myself, even covering the front of the\\nposition I had just abandoned, Davis was driven from his lines, and Lai-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 381\\nbolclt, whose brigade was in column of regiments, was ordered by Major-\\nGeneral i\\\\rcCook to charge, deploying in front. The impetuosity of tiie\\nenemy s charge, together with the inability of Laiboldt s command to fire\\nin consequence of the ground in his front being covered with the men of\\nDavis s division, who were rushing through his ranks, caused this brigade\\nalso to break and fall to the rear. In the meantime I I .ad received tlie\\nmost urgent orders to throw in my other two brigades. This I did at a\\ndouble-quick, forming the brigade of General Lvtle composed of the SGth\\nand 88th Illinois, 24th Wisconsin, and 21st Michigan\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and Col. Bradley s\\nbrigade, now commanded by Col. W. H. Walworth, to the front, under a\\nterrible fire of musketry from the enemy. ]\\\\Iany of the men were shot down\\nbefore facing to the front. After a stubborn resistance the enemy drove me\\nback nearly to the Lafayette road, a distance of about three hundred yards.\\nAt this point the men again rallied, drove the enemy back with terrible\\nslaughter, and regained the line of the ridge on which Col. Laiboldt had\\noriginally been posted. In this charge we took a number of prisoners, and\\nthe 51st Illinois captured the colors of the 24th Alabama.\\nHere, unfortunately, the enemy had strong su})ports, while I had none\\nto relieve my exhausted men, and my troops were again driven back to the\\nLafayette road after a gallant resistance. In this engagement I had the\\nmisfortune to lose Gen. Lytic, commanding my first brigade, and many of\\nthe best and bravest officers of my command.\\nAmong the names of the officers mentioned by Gen. Sheridan as specially\\ndistinguished are Col. W. B. jMcCreery (wounded and taken prisoner^ and\\nLieut. Col. IMorris B. AVells, (killed,) 21st lAIichigan.\\nIn this sanguinary engagement the 21st lost most heavily, having 11\\nkilled, 48 wounded, and oO taken })risoners. Among the woundcil was\\nCaptain Edgar Smith mortally, who died near Chattanooga on the 11th of\\nOctober following.\\nOn Koveraber 1st, 18G4, the 21st, then in command of Lieut. Col. L. K.\\nBishop, was at Dalton, Georgia, where it received orders to march to Kings-\\nton and join the 14th army corps; and on arriving there was assigned to\\nthe 2d brigade, 1st division, when it started for Atlanta, and on the march\\nassisted in tearing up the railroad track and destroying everything in its\\nrear, reaching that point on the 15th, and on the following day after the\\ndestruction of that place moved with Gen. Sherman s army towards jMil-\\nledgeville, arriving there on the 22d, and then took up a line of march in\\nthe direction of Augusta; and on reaching within about f)rty miles of that\\npoint turned directly south towards Savannah, and arrived at the works in\\nfront of that place on the 10th of December, and there relieved a part of\\nthe 20th army corps, which held a portion of the works on the south side of\\nthe canal, being the most exposed position on the whole line. There the\\nmen, being obliged to lay in the trenches, without tents and lightly clad,\\nfew of them having blankets, suffered extremely from cold and also from\\nhunger, as their rations were short.\\nOn the 20th of January following the regiment commenced the campaign\\nthrough the Carolinas. Crossing Cape Fear river on the loth of ^Nlarcli\\nand moving forward met the enemy at Averysboro on the lOth, and, after\\na severe engagement, he was comi)eiled to retreat during the night. Con-\\ntinuing the march, again encountering the enemy at Benton ville on the\\n19th, when the 21st, in command of Capt. Arthur C. Prince, again gained\\nmuch celebrity for gallant and daring service, encountering the enemy and\\nbecoming heavily engaged; it lost in killed and wounded six officers and\\neighty-six enlisted men out of two hundred and thirty.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "382 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nWhile the 21st has on every occasion been much distinguished and always\\nrecognized as a fighting regiment, Stone River, Chicamauga, and Benton-\\nville will stand out as among its principal engagements.\\nTHE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY.\\nThe 22d regiment, so distinguished at Chicamauga for one of the most\\ndashing and desperate bayonet charges of the war, was raised in the coun-\\nties of Oakland, Livingston, Macomb, St. Clair, and Sanilac by the talented\\nand much lamented Governor Wisner, who went to the field in command\\nof the regiment. Leaving the State for Kentucky on September 4th, 1862,\\nhe served faithfully and with much distinction until attacked with typhoid\\nfever, of which he died at Lexington, Ky., January 4, 1863. Col. Wisner\\nwas much devoted to his regiment and the cause of his country, which he\\nmost warmly espoused his honorable adherence to both, and his high sense\\nof duty, induced him to remain in the field until disease had fastened upon\\nhis system, prostrating him beyond a chance of recovery. Had health not\\nfailed him and life been spared his great ability, nobleness of character,\\nfirmness, and courage, would have rapidly advanced him to a high rank,\\nand placed him prominently in the history of his country which he loved\\nso well.\\nThe regiment, in command of Col. Heber Le Favour, first met the enemy,\\nunder Gen. Pegram, at Danville, Ky., March 24th, 1863, and was subse-\\nquently engaged at Hickman s Bridge, Ky., Pea-vine Creek, and McAlfee s\\nChurch, Tenn. then followed Chicamauga, the great and disastrous conflict\\nof the River of Death. In that battle, on Saturday morning, September\\n19th, Gen. Whitaker was reinforced by Mitchell s and McCook s brigades\\nand by the 22d Michigan and 89th Ohio, under Colonel Le Favour. The\\ncommand of Col. Le Favour was attached to Col. Whitaker s own brigade,\\nand that day and night were placed in line of battle.\\nSunday, at 9 A. ]\\\\I., the deadly strife commenced on General Thomas\\nline, which was shattered and compelled to fall back. General Whitaker\\nwas ordered to move to the right and reinforce Tliomas at a point some\\nfour miles distant. IMoving rapidly, he soon found the rebel cavalry in\\nposition to check him, but quickly drove them oflf, and succeeded in estab-\\nlishing himself near the right of Thomas line. General Steadman, com-\\nmanding 1st division, reserve corps, received instructions from Thomas that\\nthe enemy must be driven from the hill on his right. General Whitaker\\nwas ordered to the work, and advanced in two lines the first, composed of\\nthe 96th Illinois, on the right, 115th Illinois in the centre, and the 22d\\nMichigan, in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Sanborn, of that regiment,\\non the left the second line 40th Ohio on the right, 84th Indiana in the\\ncentre, and 89th Ohio on the left, and in rear of the 22d Michigan, both\\nlines under command of Colonel Le Favour. Charging in gallant style on\\nthe enemy s lines, they drove them from the hill full half a mile. Here the\\nrebels rallied, and Longstreet s forces came rushing down in masses eight\\nlines deep. The gallant brigade received and repulsed them with terrible\\nloss. Colonel Sanborn was severely wounded while in front of his regi-\\nment. The color-sergeant, Philo J. Durkee, and Corporal Stanscll were\\nkilled in turn, and Corporal Vincent severely wounded, while bravely\\nbearing the colors of the22d to the front. The rebels drove the brigade to\\nthe foot of the hill at the second onslaught, where it again formed, and\\nagain gallantly retook the crest. Colonel Le Favour informed General", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 383\\nWhitaker that ammunition was exhausted. You must use your steel,\\nwas the reply. The enemy again furiously advanced. The sun had gone\\ndown; in the twilight it was difficult to distinguish friend from foe. The\\n22d rushed forward, led hy Colonel Le Favour in person, with fixed bay-\\nonets and empty muskets, under a most terrific fire of grape and musketry,\\nmet the charge of the enemy, and repulsed and drove him at every point.\\nGeneral Steadman sent an order to fall back, but it was too late before it\\narrived the regiment was closed in upon at both flanks and cut off. This\\nbrave and most desperate charge. General Steadman declared, saved that\\nimmediate portion of the army.\\nA correspondent says Whitaker said he would take the ridge, and he\\ndid it. This is the way it was done The six regiments of the 1st brigade\\nwere formed in two lines; the first, comprising the 96th Illinois, Colonel\\nThomas E. Champion, on the right 115th Illinois, ColonclJ. H. Moore, in\\nthe centre and the 22d Michigan, Colonel Lc Favour, on the left. Then\\ncame the order to advance. With a yell, the first line bounded forward\\non the double-quick. Up and down the little hills and through the narrow\\nvalleys which intervened they pressed hastily forward, until they came\\nwithin short range of the rebel musketry, which opened upon them furiously,\\nwhile the grape and canister from the battery on the ridge swept cruelly\\nthrough the ranks. Almost exhausted with their hurried march and their\\nlong-continued double-quick, the troops recoiled for a moment under that\\nwithering fire; but ere the most timid could think of retreating, Colonel\\nChampion promptly gave the command to halt, lie down, and fire, which\\nwas obeyed on the instant. There the line lay for five minutes, responding\\nresolutely to the fire of the enemy. That five minutes was a terrible ordeal\\nfor our soldiers, for during that short period their ranks were more than\\ndecimated. Then came the order to fix bayonets and charge upon the\\nenemy. The ardor of the men overcame their fatigue, and, tired as they\\nwere, they resumed the double-quick march as they advanced up the ridge,\\nright in the face of a galling fire. If a man fell and many did he was\\nleft to enrich the soil of Georgia with his life s blood or, if able, to creep,\\nalone and unassisted, to the rear, for none who were able to march left the\\nranks, which were kept well closed up, and the line was firmly main-\\ntained.\\nThe same correspondent, in giving the names of many who distinguished\\nthemselves, says of Colonel Lc Favour\\nAnd Colonel Le Favour, who led his 22d ]\\\\Iichigan on a bayonet charge,\\nafter they had expended all their ammunition, should not be forgotten\\nwhen the roll of honor is made out.\\nOn this day the 22d lost in killed, wounded, and missing 372 out of 584,\\nincluding among the mortally wounded Captains W. A. Smith and Elijah\\nSnell, brave and meritorious officers. Most of the missing were taken pris-\\noners in the charge, among whom was the commanding officer Colonel\\nLe Favour.\\nIn this charge the regiment was almost annihilated, but gained an im-\\nperishable page in history.\\nNote. The following extract from the report of General Whitaker, shows the nature\\nof the conflict in which the 22(1 was engaged at Chic;imauga My command was thea\\nmoved by the flunk in two lines, at double-quick time up the viilley for nearly a mile\\nunder a heavy fire of shell from a rebel battery. Several were killed and wounded in\\nthis charge. Arriving at the point occupied by (jcn. Thomas, we found him sorely\\npressed and yie4ding stubbornly to superior numbers. I was directed to drive the ene-\\nmy from a ridge on which he had concentrated his forces in great numbers, supported", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "384 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nstrongrly by artillery, and was imminently threatening destruction of the right by a flank\\nmovement. Forming my command in two lines, 9Gth Illinois on the right, 115th Illinois\\nin the centre, and 22d Michigan on the left ol the first line. Both lines then advanced\\nat double-quick against the enemy. The conflict was terrific, the enemy was driven\\nnearly h:ilf a mile; rallying, they drove my command a short distance, when they ia\\nturn were driven again with great loss. Both lines had been thrown into the conflict\\non the second charge, and the whole line kept up a deadly and well directed fire upon\\nthe enemj who fought with great determination and vigor. The 22d Michigan after\\nfighting for nearly three hours, having exhausted its ammunition, boldly charged into\\nthe midst of overwhelming numbers with the bayonet, driving them until overcome by\\nsuperior numbers.\\nIn Company C of this regiment served the infant, but heroic soldier Johnny Clem.\\nThis boy is a native of Newark, Ohio. In the spring of 18G3, having scarcely seen 12\\nsummers, he followed an Ohio regiment to Nashville, at that time the seat of war in the\\nWest. On the 4th of July following, he enlisted in the 22d Michigan regiment, and took\\npart in all its campaigns down to the bloody engagement at Chicamauga. His heroism\\nin the last-mentioned battle brought him to the notice of General Rosecrans, who, with\\nother deserved honors, promoted him to the rank of sergeant. A complete outfit for\\nthe infantile orderly was forwarded to \u00e2\u0096\u00a0General Thomas s headquarters by some citi-\\nzens of Cincinnati, and its presentation was the occasion of the following pleasant\\nsketch by a correspondent from that city Of course you remember the story ol little\\nJohnny Clem, the motherless atom of a drummer boy, aged 10, who strayed away from\\nNewark, Ohio and the first we knew of him, though small enough to live in a drum,\\nbe was beating the long roll for the 22d Michigan. At Chicamauga he filled the office\\nof marker, carrying the guidon whereby they form the lines; a duty having a coun-\\nterpart in the surveyor s more peaceful calling, in the flagmen who flutters the red sig-\\nnal along the metes and bounds. On Sunday of the battle, the little fellow s occupatioa\\ngone, he picked up a gun that had fallen from some dying hand, provided himself with\\nammunition, and began putting in the periods quite on his own account, blazing away\\nclose to the ground like a fire-fly in the grass. Late in the waning of the day, the waif\\nleft almost aloue in the whirl of the battle, a rebel Colonel dashed up, and looking down\\nordered him to surrender. Surrender, he shouted, you little d d son of a\\nThe words were hardly out of his mouth, when Johnny brought his piece to order\\narms, and as his hand slipped down to the hammer, he pressed it back, swung up the\\ngun to the position of charge bayonet, and as the officer raised his sabre to strike the\\npiece aside, the glancing barrel lifted into range, and the proud Colonel tumbled from\\nhis hor.se, his lips fresh-stained with the syllable of vile reproach he had flung on a\\nmother s grave in the hearing of her child. While the prisoners of his regiment, taken\\nin that fearful charge, were being marched to the rear, they were fired upon by a rebel\\nforce. Clem dropped as if shot, and after laying for some time and until the rebels had\\nmoved off he travelled to Chattanooga during the night, a distance of about ten miles.\\nHe was mustered out of service by order of the Secretary of War, at Atlanta, Ga., Sep-\\ntember 8th, 1804. After his discharge, Clem went to school at Indianapolis, at the ex-\\npense of the late General Thomas, who took a si)ecial and fraternal interest in bis wel-\\nfare. The letters from the great general to the little hero of Chicamauga, as might be\\nexpected, were models of simplicity. He closes one with these words Remember\\nthat modesty and self-denial are among the best of the virtues. Johnny now holds an\\nappointment at West Point. He is no longer an atom of a drummer boy, but a\\npromising student, five feet one-eighth of au inch in height, active and very intelligent,\\nbidding fair to graduate high.\\nTHE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY.\\nThe 2M, raised and rendezvoused at East Saginaw, under the direc-\\ntion of Colonel David Jerome, commandant of camp, left tlie State for the\\nfield in Kentucky, September 18, 18(J2, under command of Colonel M. AV^.\\nChapin and after much hard service on long and tedious marches, per-\\nforming a great amount of duty in garrison, and guarding railroad trains,\\nacquiring an enviable rej)utatiou as a reliable and serviceable regiment, first\\nmet the rebels at Paris, Ky., on July 19, 18G3, where a brief but spirited\\nskirmish occurred, resulting in the route of the enemy.\\nLater in the same year, ia the harassing cugagemeuts around Kuoxville,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 385\\nimmediately preceding tlie investment of that place by Longstrcet, the regi-\\nment, under command of Colonel Chapin, took a most active part, partici-\\npating at Campbell s Station losing in the various battles and skirmis^hes\\n8 killed, 23 wounded, and 8 missing. It vvas also prominently engaged\\nin the gallant and successfid defence of that place by General Burnside.\\nColonel Chapiu conmianded the regiment with much ability and con-\\nspicuous courage in the field, until April 15, 1864, when his health failed\\nhim, compelling him to resign, and Lieut. Col. O. S. Spaulding was pro-\\nmoted to the colonelcy.\\nAlthough this reliable and model regiment acquitted itself with much\\ncelebrity in every encouiiter with the enemy in which it was engaged, Camp-\\nbell s Station, Kesaca, Franklin, and Kashvillc will always be recognized\\nas prominent among its many hard-ft)Ught battles and the memories, of\\nthose fields, on which so much patriotism and daring courage were evinced,\\nwill last while a soldier of that noble regiment lives.\\nIn November, 1863, while General Burnside occupied East Tennessee,\\nand while his troops were falling back from Loudon on Knoxville, the 23d\\nMichigan, then commanded by Major W. W. Wheeler, the 111th Ohio, the\\nlOTlh Illinois, and the 13th Kentucky, all under command of Col. Chapin,\\ncomposed the 2d brigade of General White s 2d division, of the 23d corps.\\nThe brigade had been engaged with its division in a severe encounter\\nwith the advancing forces of Longstreet at Huff s Ferry, on November 12,\\nwhen Colonel Chapiu moved forward with his brigade to the attack on the\\ndouble-quick, and after a severe fight against immense odds, drove the\\nenemy back for over three miles, when he took a strong position on a hill,\\nwhich he thought impregnable, defended as it was by three regiments of\\nLong-street s celebrated corps ])ut a charge was made by the 2d brigade,\\nand in fifteen minutes the hill was cleared and the rebels routed, with\\nheavy less.\\nNext morning at daylight the troops took up the line of march to Lenoir s,\\nthe 2d brigade covering the retreat, and skirmishing with the enemy during\\nthe day. Lenoir s was reached about 4 P. SI., when it was discovered that\\nthe main rebel force had taken a position to give battle. Necessary prepa-\\nrati(jns were immediately made to meet their attack; but no demonstration\\nwas made by the enemy that evening. At daylight next morning the re-\\ntreat was continued. INIarching in thedirectiouof Knoxville, the retreating\\ntroops were overtaken by the enemy near Campbell s Station at midday, on\\nthe 16th, when a severe engagement immediately ensued, which is described\\nby a correspondent of the Louisville Journal as follows:\\nOne brigade of the 9th corps was in advance, the 2d brigade of the 23d\\ncorps in the centre, and one brigade of the 0th corps as rear guard. The\\nskirmishing was begun by the 9th corps, forming in rear of General White s\\ncommand, which formed in line to protect the stock, etc., as it passed to the\\nrear, and to cover the retreat of the 9th corps, which was the rear guard,\\nand was to file past it. Again was the 2d brigade in position where itipust\\nreceive the shock of battle, and must sustain more or less the honors already\\nwon. The arrangements for battle had hardly been completed before the\\ncavalry came in from the front, followed by the infantry of the 9th corps,\\nand two heavy lines of the enemy emerged from the woods three-quarters\\nof a mile in front. Each line consisted of a division, and were dressed\\nalmost wholly in the United States uniform, which at first deceived us.\\nTheir first line advanced to within eight hundred yards of General White s\\nfront before that officer gave the onler to fire. Henshaw s and the 24th\\nIndiana batteries then opened on them with shell, but they moved steadily\\nY", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "386 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nforward, closing up as their lines would be broken by tliis terrible fire, until\\nwithin three liuudred and fifty yards of our main line, when the batteries\\nmentioned opened on them with canister, and four batteries in the rear and\\nright and left of General White, opened on their rear line with shell. This\\nwas more than they could stand. Their front line broke and ran back\\nsome distance, where they reformed and deployed right and left, and en-\\ngaged the 13th Kentucky and 23d Michigan on the right, and the 111th\\nOhio and 107th Illinois on the left, wliich were supported by General Fer-\\nrero s command, of the 9th corps. This unequal contest went on for an\\nhour and a half The only advantage over them so far was in artillery\\nthey not having any in position yet. It seemed to be their object to crush\\nthe inferior force opposing them with their heavy force of infantry. The\\nm\u00c2\u00a3n were too stubborn they would not yield an inch, but frequently drove\\nthe rebels from their position, and held their ground. Finding they could\\nnot move them with the force already employed, the rebels moved forward\\nanother line of infantry, heavy as cither of the first two, and placed in\\nposition three batteries. Their guns were heavier and of longer range than\\nthose of the 2d brigade, and were situated to command General White s\\nposition, while his guns could not answer their fire. They got the range\\nof these guns at once, and killed and wounded several gunners, and disabled\\nseveral horses, when General White ordered them back to the position occu-\\npied by those in the rear, the infantry holding the position covered by the\\nartillery on the hill. An artillery fight then began, which continued nearly\\ntwo hours, till it was growing dark, and the order was given for our troops\\nto fall back to resume the march to Kuoxville.\\nOf Col. Chapin, commanding the 2d brigade, I need not add to what\\nI have said. His excellent management of the troops upon three fields,\\nand his personal bravery, have attached him to his men as few commanders\\nare attached. His staff. Captains Gallup and Sheldon, and Lieut. Pearson,\\nare worthy followers of their brave leader.\\nThis correspondent, in mentioning the names of the several regimental\\ncommanders in the brigade as behaving nobly, includes the name of Major\\nWheeler.\\nThe regiment arrived at Knoxville at 4 A, M., on the 17th, after a march\\nthrough mud and rain of twenty-eight miles, having lost in the several\\nmovements 8 killed, 23 wounded, and 8 missing.\\nAt Rcsaca, on JNIay 14, 1864, the 23d, commanded by Col. Spaulding,\\nstill in the 2d brigade, then commanded by General Hascall, and belonging\\nto General Judah s division (2d) of the 23d corps, with its brigade, engaged\\nthe enemy, and took a most gallant part in assaulting his strong position\\nat that point, losing heavily.\\nColonel Spaulding, then in command, in his report makes the following\\nmention of the services of his regiment in that affair\\nAn assault on the enemy s works was ordered. The assaulting column\\nwas formed in three lines, this regiment being in the second line, advancing\\nover an open field within easy rifle-shot of the enemy s position, under a\\nterrible fire of musketry and artillery. The regiment in advance of the\\n23d broke, and was driven back, and the one in our rear followed them.\\nWe pushed forward until we readied a deep creek, which it was impossible\\nto cross, and held our position until ordered back. In this advance the\\nregiment lost 62 killed or wounded. Lieutenant William C. Stewart was\\namong the killed.\\nIn the American Cyclopaedia, for 1864, is found the following:\\nA division (Judah s) of the 23d corps, and Newton s, of the 4th corps,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 387\\nmoving over comparatively level grouiKl, succeeded, after a desperate strug-\\ngle, iu forcing the enemy to abandon an important position on the outer\\nline. Although the Federal troops were unable to hold this, they succeeded\\nin advancing their line and getting their artillery into a position to prevent\\nthe enemy from reoccupyiug the works.\\nAt Franklin the regiment, in command of Col. Spaulding, was serving\\nwith the 2d division of the 2;)d corps, Major-Gcneral Bcdficld, and iu the\\n2d brigade, commanded by Col. O. II. JMoore, of the 25th Michigan. On\\nNovember 4th, 18G4, it left Johiisonville by rail for Columbus, Tennessee,\\nand there joined the army, opposing the advance of Hood on his Northern\\ncampaign. Arriving at Columbia on the 2oth, while a heavy skirmish was\\nin ])rogress, two companies of the regiment were engaged on the skirmish\\nline, and at miduight the forces were ordered to withdraw to the south side\\nof Duck river, wliere works wore thrown up. On the 28th the regiment\\ncrossed to the north bank, skirmishing with the enemy across the river, and\\non the 29th fell back towards Franklin, arriving there on the morning of\\nthe 30th, where the army was immediately put in position, throwing up\\nslight works.\\nAt 4 P. j\\\\[. the enemy, in great force and with much vigor, attacked iu\\nfour lines, and, after a most desperate assault, was repulsed wdth great loss;\\nbut the attack was again renewed and continued at intervals until 10 P.\\n^I., when he made a most determined el^Jirt, advancing as with a death\\nstruggle, planting his colors on the works in front of the 2od Michigan, but\\nwas handsomely repulsed by the regiment in a hand-to-hand fight with the\\nbayonet. This deadly encounter and most determined successful defence\\nby Col. Spaulding and his gallant regiment was seldom if ever equalled\\nduring the war.\\nIn the engagement Caj^t. David M. Averill fell mortally wounded.\\nAt Nashville, on the morning of December loth, 18()4, while that place\\nwas being assaulted by Hood s rebels, the regiment, as a part of the army\\nof General Thomas, moved on the enemy, and served with conspicuous\\nbravery and marked efficiency in the engagements of that eventful day and\\nthe next, which, after most desperate fighting, resulted in driving Hood s\\nforces iu a demoralized condition from all their ])ositions, giving to the Union\\narms one of the most substantial and important victories of the rebellion.\\nOn the loth Col. Spaulding, with his regiment, then in the brigade of\\nC ol. j\\\\Ioore, ma le a most daring and dashing charge on a position occupied\\nby a portion of the enemy s infantry posted behind a heavy stone wall on\\nthe crest of a hill, which it carried in most brilliant style, capturing more\\nprisoners than there were men in the line of the regiment. The flag-staff\\nwas shot in two and the color sergeant severely wounded, but before the\\ncolors fell to the ground they were grasped by Corporal Freeman, of the\\ncolor guard, and bravely carried forward.\\nThe regiment afterwards served with much credit and distinction with its\\ncorps in North Carolina until the close of the war.\\nThe 23d corps having received orders to proceed to Washington, D. C,\\nthe regiment left Columbia, Tenn., on Januar) 1st following, and marched\\nfor Clifton, a point on the Tennessee river, distant 250 miles, where it ar-\\nrived on the 8th, and on the IGth embarked on steamers for Cincinnati,\\nOhio; reaching there on the 22d, immediately took rail for Washington,\\nD. C, and, arriving there on the 29th, moved to Camp Stoneman and con-\\ntinued at that point until February 9th, when it went to Alexandria, where,\\non the 11th, it embarked with its corps on transports for Sraithville, N. C,\\nat the mouth of Cape Fear river, reaching that point on the loth. On the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "388 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\n17th the movement was commenced against Fort Anderson, and on the 18th\\nour troops were advanced to within a few yards of the f)rt and intrenclied\\nunder a heavy fire of musketry and artillery, and on the morning f f the\\n19th occupied the fort, the 23d JMichigan being the first to enter. Engag-\\ning again the enemy at Town Creek on the 20th, capturing two pieces of\\nartillery and taking 350 prisoners, a movement was immediately made up\\nthe south bank of the river above Wilmington, and ou the night of the 22d\\ntiie troops moved back ten miles to cross the river for the purpose of rejoin-\\ning General Terry. The crossing was made ou boats from the fleet on the\\nmorning of the 23d, when it was found that Wilmington had been evacuated\\nduring the previous night. The advance Avas resumed ou March 6th. Pro-\\nceediug up the coast, reached Kingston just at the close of the action at that\\npoint, having marched 125 miles in six days, and for the last twenty-four\\nhours without halting, except long enough to draw rations and issue thirty\\nadditional rounds of ammunition to the men. On the 20th left Kingston\\nand occupied Goldsboro on the 22d, the enemy retiring on the approach of\\nour forces. Gen. Sherman s army arriving at Goldsboi o on the 23d, the\\nregiment was sent back ten miles, to IMosely Hall, to guard the railroad at\\nthat i^lace while the army was being supplied, and on April 9th moved with\\nthe grand army on Raleigh, which was reached and occupied on the 13th.\\nThe regiment remained there until the surrender of Johnston s army on\\nthe 21st, when, on the 3d of May, it marched for Greensboro distant ninety\\nmiles, reaching there on the 7th. On the 9th went by rail to Salisbury,\\nremaining thereuntil June 28th, when it was mustered out of service.\\nTHE TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY.\\nThe celebrated 1st brigade of the 1st division, 1st corps, known as the\\nIron Brigade, was the 24th Michigan, organized and commanded by Col.\\nHenry A. Morrow, and which was so distinguished at Gettysburg in 18G3.\\nOn Wednesday morning, July Ist, the commencement of that most import-\\nant and sanguinary batlle, which in the war was second to none in glory to\\nthe Union arms, fraught with mighty consequences and great with victory,\\nculminating in results vital to the Republic. Major-General Reynolds, in\\ncommand of the 1st corps, advanced on the Emmetsburg road from ]Marsh\\ncreek to Gettysburg, where he arrived about 10 o clock A. M. and marched\\ndirectly through the town. General Hill s corps was ascertained to be\\nposted l)ut a short distance in front, and a bod} of Hcth s division of that\\ncorps was discovered holding a position on the Chambersburg road, and\\nwere driven from it by the cavalry under Buford. The rebel division com-\\ning uj) Buford was com])elled to retire, when the 1st corps made its appear-\\nance, Gen. AVadsworth, commanding the 1st division, having the advance.\\nThe division of Gen. Doubleday f illowing fi\u00c2\u00bbrmed on the left, and that of\\nGen. Rctbinson on the right. Gen. Reynolds advanced his line hastily, al-\\nmost before his troops were well formed, and soon encountered a heav} j orce\\nof the enemy s infantry, which were charged by the 1st division and lriven\\nfrom the valley in front and over the ridge at the farther side, although\\nwith a heavy loss by the destructive fire of the enemy. In this charge the\\nIron Brigade gallantly daslied up and over the hill and down into the\\nravine through which flows Willoughby s Run, where the 24th took a large\\nuumlier of prisoners, being a ])art of General Archer s brigade. Ai tcr ad-\\nvancing to the crest of the hill beyond the run the regiment halted and\\nthrew out skirmishers to the front and also to the left; here General J\\\\ev-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "TUE TWEXTY-FOURTII IXFAXTRY. 389\\nlaolds, upon going out to the front to reconnoitre, was killed by a shot from\\nthe enemy. Orders were then given to witlidraw to the east bank of the\\nstream, and the I)rigade marched into what are known as JMcPherson s woods\\nand formed in line of battle, the 24th in the centre, tiie 7th AVisconsin on\\nthe right, and the 19th Indiana on the left. In this movement Lieut. Col.\\nFlanigan was severely wounded and compelled to leave the field. Skir-\\nmi.shers were immeiliately deployed in front of the brigade and became at\\nonce engaged with the enemy.\\nColonel Morrow, considering the position held by his regiment uiitcnaljle,\\nsuggested to the commanding general a cliange, but he was ordered to hold\\nthe ground at all hazards. The enemy advanced in two lines of battle, his\\nright extending beyond and overlapping the left of the brigade. The fire\\nof the 24th was held until the enemy came within easy range, when a well\\ndirected volley was poured into his ranks, but from the nature of the\\nground in front, little injury was inflicted, and his advance not being\\nchecked, he came pressing rapidly on in heavy masses, his men yelling like\\ndemons. The 19th Indiana, on the left of the 24th, fought most nobly,\\nbut was overpiAvered by immense odds, and, after severe loss, was forced\\nback, exposing the 24th to an enfilading and cross fire. Orders were then\\ngiven to swing back, so as to face the enemy now on the flank. While the\\nmovement was being executed, the enemy advanced in such numbers as\\ncompelled the 24th to retire to a new position. In the meantime, the regi-\\nment had lost most heavily in officers and men. The second line being\\npromptly formed, a most desperate and determined resistance was made,\\nbut the enemy accumulating in overwhelming force in front, the brigade\\nwas driven to a third position, the regiment again losing severely and\\nalmost decimated. jMajor E. B. Wight, acting lieutenant-colonel, being\\nwounded, left the field, and scarcely a fourth of the men taken into the\\nengagement could be rallied. Corporal Andrew Wagner, of company F,\\none of the color guard, having the colors, was ordered by Colonel INIorrow\\nto ])lant them at a point to which he designed to rally the regiment, and\\nwhile doing this he was shot in the breast and greatly injured. \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Colonel\\n]Morrow snatched the flag from the hand of the wounded soldier, and was\\nrallying the remnant of the regiment, when Private William Kelly, of\\ncompany E, rushed to the front and grasped the colors, shouting triumph-\\nantly, The Colonel of the 24th shall never carry the flag while I am\\nalive, and the gallant fellow was instantly killed by a bullet from the\\nenen)y. The colors were then seized by Private Silburne Spaulding, and\\ncarried by him for some time, when Colonel iMorrow again took them, and\\ncontinued to rally his nuni until he was wounded and left the field he\\nafterwards fell into the hands of the enemy, but ingeniously made his\\nescape. The connnand then devolved on Captain Albert M. E lwards,\\nwho, with much energy and conspicuous bravery, rallied all that was left\\nof tlie noble regiment, under a most galling and murderous fire, and fell\\nback to Culji s Ilill, which it assisted in holding against the determined\\nassaults of the enemy f)r the two succeeding days. Tiie colors of the 24th\\nwere f und after Colonel Morrow was wounded in the paralyzed hands of\\na Avounded soldier, whose name is unknown, and who probably lies with\\nthe gallant dead of Gettysburg. Tiie field over which the 24th fought,\\nfrom its first line of battle in jNIcPhersou s woods to the barricades near the\\nSeminary, was strewn with killed and wounded, its loss being extremely\\nlarge, exceeding, perhaps, that of any other regiment of equal strength in\\ntliat great and imjxirtant engagement losing U(! in killed and wountled\\nout of 49G, and in addition, 80 of the enlisted men and 3 officers were re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "390 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nported as missing in action, many of whom have never been heard from,\\nand were undoubtedly killed. This engagement will always be considered\\nas prominent among the many hard fights in Avhich the regiment took a\\npart. Colonel INIorrow, in his report, says\\nAt an early hour in the morning, July Lst, we marched in the direction\\nof Gettysburg, seven miles distant. The report of artillery was soon heard\\nin this direction, indicating that our cavalry had become engaged, and our\\npace was considerably quickened. About 9 A. M. we arrived near the\\ntown, when we filed off to the left, and moved forward into line of battle at\\ndouble-quick. The cavalry immediately in our front was hotly engaged.\\nWe were ordered to advance at once, no time being alloAved for loading\\nthe guns the regiment was halted for that purpose, but was ordered to\\nmove forward without loading, which was done. Charging up and over a\\nhill and down a ravine, we captured a large number of prisoners. The\\nenemy advanced in two lines of battle, their right extending beyond and\\noverlapping our left. The men were directed to withhold their fire until the\\nenemy should arrive within easy range. This was done, but the nature of\\nthe ground was such that we inflicted but little injury on the enemy at\\nthis time. Their advance was not checked, and they came on rapidly,\\nyelling like demons. We were forced back to a new position, where a line\\nwas promptly formed but, after a desperate struggle, we were again forced\\nto retire to a third position, beyond a slight ravine. Our loss was very\\nlarge, exceeding, perhaps, the losses sustained by any one regiment of equal\\nsize. Out of twentj -eight officers, twenty-two were killed or wounded, and\\nof 468 men, 316 were killed or wounded. During the engagement the flag\\nwas carried by nine different persons, four of the number having been\\nkilled and three wounded. All of the color guard were killed or wounded.\\nThe officers killed were Captains William J. Speed, Malachi J. O Donnell,\\nLieutenants Walter H. AVallace, W. S. Safl^ rd, Newell Grace, 11. H.\\nHumphreville, Gilbert A. Dickey, and Lucius D. Shattuck.\\nOf these nothing less can be said than that tlieir conduct in this memo-\\nrable battle was brave and daring, and was creditable alike to themselves\\nand the service. It will not be disparaging to his brave comrades who fell\\non this terrible but glorious day, and who sleep with him in honored graves,\\nto say that the death of Captain Speed was a severe loss to the service, and\\nan almost irreparable one to the regiment. He was amiable, intelligent,\\nhonorable, and brave, and was universally respected and esteemed by all\\nwho knew him.\\nCaptain O Donnell was a young officer who had given strong proofs of\\ncourage and capacity, and whose death was deej^ly deplored by the regi-\\nment.\\nLieut. Wallace served in the Peninsula campaign, and lost an eye at\\nthe battle of Fair Oaks. He was a brave officer and honorable man, and\\na good disciplinarian.\\nLieut. Dickey joined the regiment in the capacity of commissary ser-\\ngeant, and for his integrity, capacity, and attention to duties, was promoted\\nto sergeant-major, and afterwards 2d lieutenant. He had given great pro-\\nmise of future usefulness and distinction.\\nLieuts. Grace, Humphreville, Safford, and Shattuck Avere distinguished\\nin the regiment for their attention to every duty, for the amiability of their\\nmanners, and for unflinching courage in battle.\\nThere were no battles in which this fine regiment was a participant that\\nit did not acquit itself nobly; and were it necessary to cite more examples\\nthan that of Gettysburg to establish the twenty-fourth as one of the best", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 391\\nfighting regiments, selections might be made from ahnost any of its battles,\\ncommencing with Fredericksburg, December 12, 18G2, where it lost Lieut.\\nDavid Birreil, a most promising young ofiicer, and seven men killed, sixteen\\nwounded, and eighty missing, and ending with Dabncy s Mills, February\\n17, 1(SG5, where, under command of Lieut. Col. A. M. Edwards, it was\\nheavily engaged, losing tw enty in killed and wounded. Especially might\\nreference be made to Fitzhugh s Crossing, April 29, 1863, in the advance\\non Chancellorsville, when, supported by the Gth Wisconsin, the regiment,\\ncommanded by ol. IMorrow, crossed the Rappahannock, driving the rebels\\nfrom their ritle-j)its, and taking, 103 prisoners a daring achievement, com-\\nmanding at the time the notice of the entire army for gallant and success-\\nful service. In tliis affair the 24th lost 25 in killed and wounded.\\nWere it necessary to cite more occasions on which the 24th distinguished\\nitself, to establish a fighting re})utation, the principal engagements of the\\nArmy of the Potomac in the campaign of 18G4 might be introduced.\\nWith the opening of that camjiaign the 24th, under command of Colonel\\nMorrow, and then serving in the 1st brigade, 4th division, 5th corps, broke\\ncam]) on the evening of the 3d of May, crossed the Rapidan at Germania\\nFord on the 4th, and on the evening of the 5th encountered the enemy in\\nthe Wilderness. During this engagement the regiment captured a number\\nof prisoners and a stand of coh)rs from the 48th Virginia rebel infantry.\\nIts loss during the battles of the AVilderi\\\\ess, between the 5th and 7th, were\\n18 killed, 4G wounded, and 42 prisoners and missing. Among the killed\\nwere Captain George Hutton and Lieut. William B. Ilutchinson, and among\\nthe severely wounded was Colonel Morrow. On the night of the 7th of\\nMay, Lieut. Col. A. M. Edwards in command, the regiment withdrew from\\nthe Wilderness, and marched rapidly towards Spottsylvania Court-house.\\nAt the latter place it was under tire almost every day until the 21st, sus-\\ntaining a loss of 11 killed, 39 wounded, and 1 missing. The regiment\\ncrossed the North Anna river ISIay 2od. The enemy almost immediately\\nattacked, but were repulsed with large loss. The loss of the 24th was 3\\nkilh d, 8 wounded, and 5 missing. On the 28th the regiment crossed the\\nJ^imunkey river near Hanovertown. It participated in the fighting attend-\\ning the advance to Cold Harbor, and in the battles and skirmishes near\\nthat point, sustaining a loss of 3 killed and 15 wounded. June IGth it\\nci ossed the James river at AVilcox s Landing, and marched toward Peters-\\nburg. On the 18th it participated in the unsuccessful assault on the enemy s\\nworks surrounding that city, going into action with 120 men, and of this\\nnumber, losing nearly one-third in killed and wounded, including among\\nthe killed Lieutenant and Adjutant Hevill Chilson. From this date until\\nthe movement on the Weldon railroad, on the 18th of August, the regiment\\nwas actively employed in duties attending the siege of Petersburg. Its loss\\nin the various actions and skirmishes, and fnmi the fire of the enemy s artil-\\nlery and sharp-shooters, to w hich it was exposed, was 8 killed, 3G wounded,\\nand 5 missing. August 18th it participated in an engagement on the Wel-\\ndon railroad, having one man wounded. On the 19th the enemy massed a\\nheavy force on their front, and attacked their position. The regiment suc-\\nceeded in holding its ground for a short time, and thus saved a large por-\\ntion of its brigade from capture. The casualties of the regiment during\\nthis action were twenty-five in the aggregate. The regin\\\\ent also partici-\\npated in the battle of the 21st of August, in which the rebel attack on our\\nlines was repulsed with large loss, the 24th capturing during the battle\\neleven rebel officei-s, one stand of cohn-s, a large number of arms, and sixty\\nmen, while its loss was very slight. The regiment participated in the battle", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "392 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nof Hatcher s Run on the 27th of October. The division captured a large\\nnumber of prisoners during the night of the 27th and on the uioruing of\\nthe 28th the regiment was sent on picket, and covered the retreat of the\\narmy back to their old works in front of Petersburg.\\nNote. A special of the N. Y. Tribune says of the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg:\\nReynolds has ridden into the angle of wood a bowshot from this Seminary, nml that\\nhe cheers the Iron Brigiide of Meredith as they wheel on the flank of the oak trees for\\na charge. Like a great flail of steel they swing into the shadows with an huzza that is\\nas terrible as a volley low crouching, dismounted, by his horse s head, the General\\npeeps into the depths of the grove Boom I from^the oaken recesses breaks a hail-\\nstorm of lead, and Reynolds, with the word of command upon his tongue, f.ills forward\\nbloodily. The light of pride in his eye grows dull as blindness the bronze flush on\\nhis face is veined with blue two men bear away a dripping stretcher to the edge of the\\ntown the architect of the battle has fallen dead across its portal. Grief, terror, have\\nno space to live in. Across the brook and up the ridge, with a yell that is shot through\\nand through with their own volleys, two jagged arcs of gray leap into sight, wheeling,\\nthe one for the wood, the other pushing through the gorge of the old railway. Huzza!\\nFrom the skirts of the oaks the great double doors of the Iron Brigade shut together,\\nwith a slam as of colliding mountains, folding between them fifteen hundred rebel pris-\\noners of war. Patrick Muloney, a brawny Irishman in blue, seizes General Archer by\\nthe throat: Right about face, Gineral I March! Ere you can think, the disarmed\\ncolumn is over the Seminary ridge, and the grinning Celt has said to Wadsworth, look-\\ning on from the Seminary shadows Gineral Wadsworth, I make you acquainted with\\nGineral Archer. Patrick Maloney, referred to, belonged to the 24lh Michigan.\\nFollowing is an extract from a letter of General S. Meredith, written to Colonel Mor-\\nrow in the same month in which the battle of Gettysburg was fought: Although still\\nconfined to ray bed by severe injuries received in the late battle of Gettysburg, I cannot\\nlonger delay tendering to you, and to the brave men under your command, my heart-\\nfelt thanks for the gallant bearing of yourself and regiment in the battle of tiie 1st inst.\\nNo troops ever fought more bravely than did those of the 24th on that occasion. The\\nold Iron Brigade being among the first on the field, it had to meet the first shock of\\na desperate attack of a far superior force, and nobly did it do its duty.\\nTHE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 25th recruited under the superintendence of the Hon. H. G. Wells,\\ncommandant of camp, a splendid and well-disciplined regiment, commanded\\nby Col. O. H. Moore, then a captain in the 6th U. 8. infantry, leit Kala-\\nmazoo for the field in Kentucky, September 29, 18G2, and on December\\n27th following, first tested the realities of war by engaging the enemy unricr\\nthe rebel General Pegram, at Mumfordsville, Ky., thus early conniiencing\\na career of fighting for the Union, which it nobly and forcibly maintained\\nduring its whole term of service, ending with the war. The regiment was\\nspecially distinguished cm July 4, 1863, at Tebbs near Green River Bridge,\\nKentucky, where it most gallantly repulsed an overwhelming rebel lorce,\\nwith heavy loss. About July 1st Colonel Moore was stationed, with five\\ncompanies of his regiment, on the north side of Green river, ten miles north\\nof Columbia, on the main road running from Columbia to Lebanon, Ky..\\nand on the 2d of July was advised of tlie fact that the rebel General John\\nH. ]\\\\[organ was about crossing the Cumberland river to invade the State,\\nwith a cavalry force of from three to four thousand men. Being left to\\nexercise his own discretion independently, and there being no Union troops\\nnearer than at a post thirty miles distant, he felt that it ^Yas his duty to\\nretard the jn-ogress of the great rebel raider, if but for a few hours, as they\\nmight ])rove precious hours to the country. He might have retreated with\\nentire success, but from patriotic motives he chose to fight, when he could\\nscarcely entertain the hope that he and many others would ever live to tell\\nthe story of that terrible battle.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "THE TWEXTY-FIFTri INFANTRY. 393\\nAfter surveying the surrounding country, he selected a strong position\\nfor a buttle-lieJd, ou the south side of Green river, about two miles from\\nthe encampment, in a horse-shoe bend of the river, through which the road\\nran, ou which the rebel forces were advancing. This chosen battle-ground,\\nwhich was at the narrows entering the bend of the river, afforded high\\nbluff banks, which ]u-otectc(l the flanks of the command, and also com-\\npelled the rebels to fight him ujjou his own front. The Colonel instructed\\nhis command that there were no rebel troojis organized that could whip\\nthem upon their own front, with the flanks protected, and with this judg-\\nment he w as ready to engage ten times his own nund)er of the enemy,\\nfeeling confident that his finely disciplined troops would do ten times better\\nfighting than that of the rebels.\\nOn tiie evening of the od of July, General Morgan encamped with his\\nentire command, about five miles south of Green river, and Colonel Moore,\\nafter dark, advanced with his command of five companies, numbering less\\nthan tliree hundred men, about two miles toward the enemy, leaving the\\nriver in his rear, and occupied the ground which he had previously selected,\\nand prepared for the battle. The defence, which had been completed that\\nnight, consisted of some felled trees on the battle-line, which was in the\\nrear of an open field, and was intended more ])articularly as an obstruc-\\ntion to the advance of cavalry, while to the front, about one hundred yards\\nin the open field, was thrown up a temporary earth-work, which was in-\\ntended to check the advance of the enemy, and more especially to com-\\nmand a position where the enemy would evidently plant th-jir battery.\\nThis work Avas not intended to be held against charges of a superior force,\\nou account of the flanks not being strong, and was occupied by only about\\nseventy-live men, who were instructed that when it became necessary to\\nabandon the work, it should be done by flanking to the right and left from\\nthe centre, so as to unmask the reserve force on the battle line and expose\\nthe enemy to their fire. This work was located, in aiAicipation of its cap-\\nture by the rebels, a little down the slope of the field, so that when it was\\nin possession of the enemy it would be useless, and leave him exposed to a\\ndeadly fire.\\nAt the gray of morning the fire of the i-ebels upon the pickets resounded\\nthrough tlic woods, and the entire rebel division, under General Morgan,\\nwas pressing upon the front. The fire was returned with spirit as the\\npickets retii ed to the breast-work, where they joined about seventy-five of\\ntheir comrades, already in the advance work, and there, with their united\\nfire as siiarp-shooters, held the enemy in check, without exhibiting their\\nnumbers and the real object of the work.\\nThe rebel artillery, of four pieces, had gained the anticipated position,\\nand at once opened lire with some effect, when General Morgan suspended\\nfiring, and under flag of truce, sent forward the following dispatch\\nHeadquarters Morgan s Division, in the Field,\\nIn front of Green River Stockade, July 4, 18(33.\\nTo the Officer Commanding Federal Forces at Stockade near Green River\\nBridge\\nSir: In the name of the Confederate States Government, I demand an\\nimmediate and unconditional surrender of the entire force under your com-\\nmand, together Avith the stockade.\\nI am, very respcctfullv,\\nJXO. II. I\\\\IORGAX,\\nCommanding Division Cavalry, C. S. A.\\nY", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "394 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nColonel ]\\\\Ioore rode forward between the lines, where he met the dele-\\ngation of rebel officers, who a})pealed to him with marked courtesy and\\ndiplomacy, urging the surrender of his command, and promising kind treat-\\nment, as their only interest was to move forward on their course. Colonel\\nMoore replied: Present my compliments to General Morgan, and say to\\nhim that, this being the 4th of July, I cannot entertain the proposition to\\nsurrender.\\nCol. Allston, Morgan s chief of staff, said: I hope you will not consider\\nrae as dictatorial on this occasion I will be frank you see the breach we\\nhave made upon your work with our battery you cannot expect to repulse\\nGeneral Morgan s whole division with your little command you have re-\\nsisted us gallantly and deserve credit for it, and now I hope you will save\\nuseless bloodshed by reconsidering the message to General IMorgan. To this\\nthe Colonel replied Sir, when you assume to know my strength you assume\\ntoo much I have a duty to perform to my country, and therefore cannot\\nreconsider my reply to General Morgan. The rebel officer seemed moved\\nby these remarks, extended his hand, and, with a moist eye, said Good-\\nbye, Col. Moore; God only knows which of us may fall first. They turned\\ntheir horses and galloped in opposite directions, and at once renewed the con-\\nflict. No sooner had the rebel battery re-opened fire than Col. INIoore com-\\nmanded the force to rise up and pick those gunners at the battery. No\\nsooner was the command given than a deliberate and deadly fire by rank\\nwas delivered, which silenced the battery. Col. Johnson s brigade then\\ncharged the work, and the little command abandoned it, as previously in-\\nstructed and when the rebels reached it they found that it availed them\\nnothing against the deadly fire wliich was poured into them from the main\\nforce on the battle line in the timber.\\nThe rebel foe, with a hideous yell, chai ged across the open field a num-\\nber of times in the face of a terrific fire, which repulsed them on each occa-\\nsion, with severe loss.j The conflict was almost a hand-to-hand struggle with\\nnothing but a line of felled trees separating the combatants. At the same\\ntime the rebels were engaged in cutting out a gorge leading througli the\\nprecipitory bluff into the river bottom, which had been obstructed with felled\\ntimber. The entrance was finally effected, and a regiment, commanded by\\nCol. Chenault, opened fire upon the right flank of the line of Union troops.\\nThis was a most critical and trying moment; the rebels had gained an im-\\nportant point; to defeat it was of the utmost importance; a comi)any iiad\\nbeen held in reserve for any emergency which might arise during the bat-\\ntle it Avas now brought f )rward, deployed as skirmishei s across the river\\nbottom, with the riglit flank extending beyond the rebel line, and presented\\nthe appearance of being the advance line of reinforcements.\\nThe strength of Col. Moore s command was a matter of doubt with the\\nrebels, rendered more so by his having instructed his men to keep quiet and\\npour in as rapid and deadly a fire as possible. As cheering was suppressed\\nnothing but the efficacy of the firing afforded ground for estimating their\\nstrength, and when Col. Moore brouglit forward and manoeuvered the reserve\\ncompany with the shrill notes of his bugle, it had the desired efl ect of im-\\npressing the rebels with the idea that reinforcements of cavalry or artillery\\nwere advancing, and by the bold front and deliberate firing of the line of\\nskirmishers the rebel command in the river bottom was routed, the rebel\\ncolonel commanding killed, and they were promptly driven back through\\nthe gorge through which they entered, disheartened and defeated. New\\ncourage inspired the heroic little band who had sustained eight determined\\ncharges upon their front when the attack upon their right flank was de-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, 395\\nfeated. The enemy, having met with a heavy loss after a battle of four\\nhours duration, retreated, leaving a number of killed and wounded upon\\nthe field greater than the entire number of the patriotic little band tliat\\nopposed them. Among the number of killed and wounded were twenty-\\ntwo commissioned oflicers.\\nThe rebel command effected a crossing six miles down the river and pro-\\nceeded on their march. It was his intention, as General IMorgan declared,\\nto capture the city of Louisville, but this unexpected and terrible repulse\\ncost him more than twelve hours delay, and caused him, which fact he\\nstated, to change his plans and to abandon his attack upon Louisville. By\\nthis brilliantly fought battle the city of Louisville was saved from sack and\\npillage and the Government from the loss of an immense amount of proper-\\nty, consisting of munitions of war and army sui)))lies amounting to the value\\nof several millions of dollars. This splendid victory was acku(j\\\\vledged by\\nMajor-General Ilartsulf in the following order:\\nHeadquarters 23d Army Corps,\\nLexington, Ky., July 17, 1863.\\nGeneral Order, No. 12.\\nThe general commanding the corps extends his thanks to the two hun-\\ndred officers and soldiers of the 25th ]\\\\Iichigan regiment, under Col. O. H.\\nMoore, who so successfully resisted by t^heir gallant and heroic bravery the\\nattacks of a vastly superior force of the enemy under the rebel Gen. John\\nIMorgan, at Tebbs Bend, (m Green river, on the 4th of July, 1803, in which\\nthey killed one-fourth as many of the enemy as their own little band amount-\\ned to and AYounded a number equal to their own.\\nBy command of Major-General llartsuff:\\nGEO. B. DRAKE, A. A. G.\\nThe Legislature of Kentucky also acknowledged the services of Colonel\\nMoore and his command on that occasion in complimentary resolutions.\\nKev. John S. C. Abbott, the historian, has written a beautiful description\\nof this battle in the August number of Harper s ^Magazine, 1805.\\nThe rebel General John Morgan admired Col. Moore s generalship so\\nmuch in conducting this battle that he sent him complimentary messages\\nand declared that he was worthy of pi omotion, and accordingly announced\\nthat he promoted him to the raidc of brigadier-general.\\nCol. Allston, the chief of Morgan s staff, was captured a few days after\\nthe battle, and Avith him his private journal, which was published, and in\\nspeaking of this battle of the 4th of July, he says:\\nGen. IMorgan sent in a flag of truce and demanded the surrender, but\\nthe colonel quietly rcnuirked, if it was any other day he might consider\\nthe demand, but the 4th of July was a bad day to talk about surrender, and\\nhe must therefore decline. The colonel is a gallant man, and the entire\\narrangement of his defence entitles him to tlie highest credit for military\\nskill. We would mark such a man in our ai-my for promotion.\\nThe movements of the regiment during the summer campaign of 1864, in\\nGeorgia, were identified with those of the Army of the Ohio, wliich formed\\na part of the army under comnuind of General Sherman. During this\\ncampaign the regiment participated in the various engagements at Rocky\\nFace Ridge, IMay 19th Rasaca, May 14th xVltoona, May 26th to IMay\\n29th Pine INLnintain, June lotli Gulp s Farm, June 22d, and Nicka-\\njack Creek, July 1st. On tlic 9th of Jidy the regiment crossed the Chat-\\ntahoochie river, and on the 22d appeared in front of Atlanta. It took an", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "396 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nactive part in the siege of that place. On the 6th of August it charged and\\nassisted in carrying tlie enemy s works near East Point. The regiment\\nalso participated in the flank movement west and south of Atlanta, to\\nJonesboro, which was followed by the evacuation of Atlanta by the rebel\\narmy.\\nThe regiment was most conspicuously distinguished at Resaca, Avhere, in\\ncommand of Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin F. Orcutt, it participated in the\\ndesperate charge made by Judah s division, of the 23d corps, and Newton s,\\nof the 4th corps, driving the enemy from a strong and well fortified posi-\\ntion, and, although not held, enabled General Sherman to advance his lines\\nand get his artillery into such a position as to render it impossible for the\\nenemy to again occupy the place. This charge was made under a most\\nmurderous fire of musketry and artillery, first across an open field, and\\nthen over a stream, with the water near waist deep, and bordered with\\nthick bushes and vines, cut and lopped down in such a manner as to en-\\ntangle the troops. In the charge the regiment lost about fifty men in a\\nvery few minutes. Among the killed was Adjutant E. M. Prutzraan.\\nAt Nickajack Creek, near Kenesaw, on the 1st of July following, the\\n25tli, still in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Orcutt, again most signally\\nmaintained its fighting qualities as a regiment, while making a flank move-\\nment with its division (Ilascall s) to the extreme right of General Sher-\\nman s army, the regiment advancing seven miles during an intensely hot\\nday, continually under fire of musketry and artillery from early in the\\nforenoon until dark, and being engaged in two brilliant and successful\\ncharges during the day, driving the enemy from every position, securing the\\ndesired point known as the cross roads, near Nickajack creek. The posi-\\ntion thus obtained was held and strongly fortified during the night, and the\\nforce increased early on the morning of the 2d by the coming up of the\\n17th corps. The result of this movement was the evacuation by General\\nJohnston of his strong position on Kenesaw jMountain and abandonment of\\nall his works between that phice and *he Chattahoochie.\\nOn the 1st of November, 1864, this regiment was near Rome, Ga., serv-\\ning in the 1st brigade, 2d division, 23d corps, and on the 2d marched to\\nResaca, then took rail to Johnsonville, Tenn., where it arrived on the 5th,\\nand remained there until the 14th, when, with its brigade, it marelied to\\nCentreville to guard several important fords on Duck river. It was en-\\ngaged at Pine Creek on the 26th and at Franklin on the 30th, and soon\\nafter the engagement at the latter place it was ordered with its brigade to\\nNashville, but owing to the rebel General Hood having invested that\\nplace, it was compelled to make a circuitous march of two hundred and\\nfifty miles by way of Clarksville to reach that point, and at one time was\\nwithin the rebel lines, but under cover of a dark night made its way out\\nand arrived at Nashville December 8th, and on the 15th and 16th took\\npart in the battle before that city, with a loss of one killed and seven\\nwounded. The regiment was afterwards identified with all the movements\\nof the 23d corps in its march to Columbia in pursuit of Hood s army.\\nFrom Columbia the regiment marched to Clifton, on the Tennessee river,\\ndistant two hundred and fifty miles, where it embarked on steamers for\\nCincinnati, and thence proceeded by rail to AVashington, I). C, and soon\\nafter took transports for North Carolina, where it participated in the move-\\nments of General Schofield s army.\\nAfter the surrender of the rebel forces under Johnston, the 25th was\\nsent to Salisbury, where it remained until June 24th, when it was mus-\\ntered out of service.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 397\\nTHE TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 26tli tlie celebrated skirmish rep:iment of tlie 1st brigade, 1st di-\\nvision, 2d corps left Jackson for the iiehl in Virginia on December l.\\n1862, in command of olonel Judson S. Farrar, under Avhose direction it\\nhad been recruited. Soon after the arrival of tlie regiment at Washing-\\nton, it was ordered on provost duty at Alexandria, Va. It remained thus\\nemployed until April 20, 18G3, when the regiment proceeded to h?uflolk,\\nVa. It participated in the several expeditions subsequently made to the\\nBlackwater, In one of these. May 23d, a portion of the regiment became\\nengaged in a skirmish in the vicinity of Windsor, losing Cajitain ,Tohn C\\nCulver, mortally wounded, Avho died next day.\\nThe 26th had acquitted itself ^Yith nnich credit in several battles when\\nit entfred on the great campaign of 1^64 with the Army of the INitomac,\\nbravely fighting through the AV ilderness and at Corbin s Bridge and Nye\\nRiver, and then most signally distinguishing itself at Po River and 8pott-\\nsylvauia. On May 9, 1864, the regiment, in command of Major L. Baviers,\\nmarched to Po river, crossed, dej)loye(l as skirmishers, and advanced about\\ntwo miles, captured a few stragglers, halted, and laid in skirmish line all\\nnight, in close proximity to the enemy, who was busy throwing up works.\\nOn Tuesday morning, the 10th, Gener^d Grant s army occupied the same\\nposition as on the previous day. His line stretched about six miles on the\\nnortherly bank of the Po, and took the general form of a crescent, the\\nwings being throAvn forward. The 2d corps, across the Po, now held a line\\non the right, nearly parallel to the road from vShady Grove Church to the\\nCourt-house. The 5th corps held the centre, being on the east side of the\\nPo, and the 6th corps held the left, facing toward tlie Court-house. Further\\non the left was the 9th corj)s, under General Burnside. In front was a\\ndense forest. The enemy held Spottsylvaiiia and the region north of the\\nCourt-house his position was Avell supported by breastworks, and along\\nthe centre was the forest and underbrusli, lining a marsh partially drained\\nby a run. The conflict opened in the morning by a terrific fire of artillery,\\nwhich was incessant all the forenoon. A most vigorous and gallant attack\\nwas made by the 5th corps and by Generals Gibbon s and Birney s di-\\nvision of the 2d corps on the centre of General Lee s army. In the mean-\\ntime the enemy had turned General Barlow s division, (1st,) of the 2d\\ncorps, on the right, but it was finally extricated without much loss. In\\nthis movement of the enemy the 26th was attacked from the rear, and\\nafter a spirited resistance was compelled to move out by the left flank, and\\ntook a position to cover the recrossing of the troops, and when accoinplishcd,\\ncrossed to the opposite side of tlie river. On the next day (Wetinesday,\\nthe 11th) the position of the two armies wasjiearly the same as on the pre-\\nvious day. During the morning there was brisk skirmishing. The regi-\\nment, in command of IMajor L. Saviers, was sent out to reconnoitre the\\nenemy s position, moved up the north bank of the Po about two miles,\\ncrossed, deployed as skirmishers, and advanced down the south bank to\\nfind his left and develop his force, attacked and drove in his pickets,\\ncharged a strong skirmish line, driving them into their works, gaining and\\nholding a position under a heavy fire for half an hour, within three hun-\\ndred yards of the enemy s intrenchments. Having accomjilished the object\\nof the reconnoissance, the regiment recrossed the river and returned to the\\npicket line, with a loss of three killed and fifteen wounded. It was de-\\ntermined during the day to make an assault early the next morning on the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "398 HISTORY OF MICHIGXN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nenemy s left, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\vliere tlieir batteries were so strongly posted as to annoy\\nGeneral Grant s lines. The 2d corps was selected to make this movement.\\nSoon after midnight, in the darkness and storm, General Hancock changed\\nthe position of his corps from the extreme right to the left, filling up the\\nspace between Generals Wright and Burnside. It was then near ground\\nwell commanded by the enemy, and requiring a quick advance in the\\nmorning. At IIP. ]\\\\I. the 26th, having been relieved from the picket\\nline, commenced the movement to the left of the 6th corps at Spottsylvania,\\nAvherc the division had preceded it, and in the darkness being misled, had\\nmarched all niglit, only reaching the ground Avhere the division, being in\\nthe fir.st line, was massed for the assault, just in time for the regiment to\\nform in column without halting, aligning its ranks as it advanced. The\\nregiment moved up in gallant style, and was the first to reach the rebel\\nworks, (striking them at an angle,) which were carried after a hand-to-\\nhand fight with the bayonet, capturing two brass guns immediately in rear\\nof the enemy s line, which had been fired only once, and just as the works\\nwere entered. The regiment passed on without halting, and soon became\\nmingled with the other regiments coming up in left and in rear, and with\\nthese charged along the rebel line at a run, rolling it up for more than a\\nmile, capturing a large number of prisoners, guns, and colors. When\\nabout a mile from the angle referred to, another line, running nearly per-\\npendicular to the line being rolled up, was encountered, which sharply con-\\ntested the advance. Having unavoidably become much broken up, and\\nbeing opened on by a heavy fire from the woods on the right and left, were\\nobliged to fall back, losing half the ground gained, though the men wlio\\nthronged their works had been made jirisoners and sent to the rear. Seve-\\nral pieces of the captured artillery were left in the hands of the enemy, as\\nthey could not be drawn off The regiment was reformed and moved with\\nthe brigade to the woods on the left, wliere rifle-pits were constructed. The\\nenemy having, by repeated and desperate assaults, retaken the works on the\\nleft, near the angle, the regiment was ordered to that; creeping along by\\nthe right flank on the outside of the works, until it overlapped the rebel\\nline about half the length of the regiment, its right resting near the })()int\\nwhere a large oak tree, twenty-two inches in diameter, standing almost on\\nthe first line of rebel works, was literally cut down by musket bullets, partly\\ncoming from the 26th.\\nIn the Richmond Examiner s account of the battle of Spottsylvania occurs\\nthe following\\nA Tree Hewn Dowx by Bullets. Most people have doubted the\\nliteral accuracy of the dispatch concerning the battle of Spottsylvania,\\nwhich alleged that trees were cut down under the concentrated fire of Minie\\nballs. We doubted the literal fact ourselves, and would doubt it still\\nbut for the indisputable testimony of Dr. Charles INIcGill, an eye-witness\\nof the battle. The tree stood near our breastworks at a point upon which\\nat one time the most murderous musketry fire that ever was heard of was\\ndirected. The tree fell inside our works, and injured several of our men.\\nAfter the battle Dr. McGill measured the trunk, and found it twenty-two\\ninches through, and sixty-one inches in circumference, actually hacked\\nthrough by the awful avalanche of bullets packing against it. The fi)Iiage\\nof the tree was trimmed away as effectually as though an army of locusts\\nhad swarmed on its branches. A grasshopper could not have lived through\\nthe pelting of that leaden storm and but for the fact that our troops were\\nprotected by breastworks they would have been swept away to a man.\\nThe regiment fought for more than one hour over the rebel works, almost", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "THE TWEXTY-SIXTII INFANTRY. 399\\nmusket to musket, losing a large number killed and wounded, when the\\nenemy made signals of surrender by waving handkerchiefs on their ram-\\nmers. Firing ceased, and the rebels were called to come over, when tiieir\\nwhole line for seventy or eighty yards rose up and started to come in but\\nthe moment firing ceased the enemy advanced a fresh line, which came up\\nfrom their supports to the works with a cheer, when most of those who had\\nstarted to surrender turned and jum]\u00c2\u00bbed into tlie works again. About twenty\\nwho were immediately in front of the regiment were taken. The regiment\\nfought this new line for luilf an hour, when it was relieved and moved to\\nthe left, where it joined the brigade and remained during the night. In\\nthis memorable afiair, which lasted fourteen hours, the regiment lost twenty-\\nseven killed, four commissioned officers and ninety-three men wounded, and\\nfourteen missing, most of whom are now known to have l)eeu killed. jNIajor\\nSaviers, commanding the regiment, was struck four times by the enemy s\\nbullets while gallantly doing his duty, and seven out of the nine color-\\nguards were killed or wounded. The regiment was specially complimented\\nby Generals Barlow and Miles for its noble conduct and persi.steut and\\nvigorous fighting during the day, and had the credit of first planting its\\ncolors on the enemy s works.\\nLeaving its position at Spottsylvania Court-house on the night of the\\n20th, the regiment marched to the North Anna river, where it arrived on\\nthe 23d. On the 24th it crossed the North Anna at Jericho Bridge, under\\na heavy fire from the enemy s artillery, and after a spirited skirmish the\\nrebels were driven into their works. The casualties of the regiment in the\\nengagement were five killed and nine w^ounded. It recrossed the North\\nAnna on the night of the 20th, and marched toward the Pamunkey.\\nCrossing that river on the morning of the 28th, it advanced to the vicinity\\nof Hawes Shop, and threw up ])reastworks. On the 2yth it moved down\\nthe liichmoud road, drove in the enemy s pickets, and developed their posi-\\ntion on the Tolopotamy creek. Three companies were engaged in skirmish-\\ning Avith the enemy on the 30th, losing one killed and three wounded. On\\nthe 2d of June the regiment arrived at Cold Harbor and advancing as\\nskirmishers on the enemy, near Gaines Hill, succeeded in driving them\\ninto tlieii- intrenchments. It afterwards charged their works across an\\nopen field but, finding them occujMed by the enemy in force, and being\\nunder a fire of grape and canister, the regiment was obliged to retire. The\\ncasualties sustained in the assault were fifteen wounded and five missing.\\nFrom the 3d to the 12th the regiment was on the skirmish line and in the\\nintrenchments, and lost three men killed, seven wounded, and one missing.\\nAt midnight, on the 14th, it crossed the James river at Wilcox s Landing,\\nand on the morning of the 16th arrived in front of Petersburg. The regi-\\nment participated in the assault of the 16th, in which the first line of the\\nenemy s rifie-pits were carried. It lost in the attack its commanding officer.\\nCaptain James A. Lothian, who was mortally wounded, and two men killed\\nand nine wounded. On the 17th, the regiment, commanded by Captain A.\\nG. Dailey, participated in the captureof the enemy s line of works, losing in\\nthe charge two killed and seven wounded. A detachment was engaged as\\nskirmishers on the 18th, with a loss of one killed and one wounded. On\\nthe 22d the regiment assisted in repulsing an assault made on our lines,\\nnear the Williams House. Its loss in the attack was two men taken pris-\\noners.\\nThe 26th also attracted much enviable notice by its gallant fighting at\\nDeep Bottom, July 27 and 28, 1864, where the enemy in front of the 2d\\ncorps occupied riile-pits defended by a battery. An advance was made by", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "400 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nthe corps, during wliich General Miles brigade, in which was the 26th,\\nflanked the whole position under a brisk fire, driving the enemy in much\\nconfusion, capturing four guns and taking some prisoners, the 2Gth Michi-\\ngan constituting a part of the skirmish line which led the assault. On the\\n28th the regiment made a reconnoissance between New Market and Charles\\nCity road to discover the enemy s left, when it attacked and drove in splen-\\ndid style double its own strength for half a mile, and then pushed them\\ninto their earthworks in much confusion. For this gallant and dashing\\naffair, and the operations of the day preceding, the regiment was specially\\ncomplimented by General Hancock in general orders.\\nOn the 16th of August it encountered the enemy near the White Oak\\nSwamp, losing three killed, fourteen wounded, and seventeen taken prison-\\ners. Among the latter was the officer commanding the regiment. Captain\\nA. G. Dailey. The regiment recrossed the James river on the 20th, and\\nreached the lines in front of Petersburg on the 21st. On the 22d it marched\\nto the Weldon railroad, and until the 24th was employed in the destruction\\nof that road near Ream s Station. On the 25th it Avas engaged in the battle\\nat the latter point, assisted in repelling the repeated assaults of the enemy,\\nand after the works were taken by the rebels participated in the charge in\\nwhich they were retaken. Its loss in the action was three wounded and\\nfourteen missing.\\nOn the 25th of March, 1865, immediately following the evening s attack\\non Forts Steadman and Hancock, in the line of the works in front of the\\n9th corps, the regiment, in command of Captain S. H. Ives, with the bri-\\ngade, was ordered to make a charge on the enemy s works in front of its\\nposition, and succeeded in capturing a portion of them, taking several\\nprisoners, and continued fighting during the day with slight loss. The bri-\\ngade occupied that position until tlie army commenced its flanking move-\\nment to the left on March 29tli, when it was deployed during the day as\\nskirmishers, in front of the corps, and at night was relieved. On the oOth\\nit again skirmished the entire day, the regiment losing several men, and on\\nthe 81st it marclied in column until about noon, when it again took the\\nskirmish line, and participated in a running fight with the enemy until it\\nwas relieved. From the 1st to the 6th of April it was engaged in pursu-\\ning the retreating army, fighting every day. On the 6th the regiment took\\na very active part in the capture of a train of 260 wagons, containing bag-\\ngage, provisions, and ammunition, and was the first regiment to attack the\\ntrain. The pursuit of the enemy continued on the 7th, 8th, and 9th, and\\nthe regiment was in the skirmish line at the surrender of Lee s army, and\\nthrough its lines General Grant operated with his flag of truce in arranging\\nthe terms of surrender. From March 28th until April 9th the regiment\\nhad captured our 400 prisoners, and during that time its losses had been,\\nkilled and wounded, about sixty, or more than one-fourth of its number\\npresent for duty, and had often been complimented by the brigade and\\ndivison commanders as the best skirmish regiment in the corps.\\nTHE TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY.\\nAlthough the 27th, organized by Col. D. M. Fox, did not leave the State\\nuntil April, 1863, it engaged tlie enemy at Jamestown, Ky., in June follow-\\ning, and before the war ended had passed through four distinct and promi-\\nnent campaigns with tlie 9th army corps, to which it belonged One in\\nMississippi, the siege of Vicksburg and Jackson Burnside s campaign in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 401\\nEast Tennessee, including the defence of Knoxville Grant s campaign of\\ngreat buttles in the spring and summer of 18G4 and the siege of Petersburg,\\nincluding the surrender of Lee s army took part in thirty general engage-\\nments and skirmishes, and by its never-varying firmness, stubborn fighting,\\nand bravery in action uell earned the complimentary remarks of the divi-\\nsion commander Avhen lie said I always feel sure that portion of my line\\noccupied by the 27th jMichigan is perfectly safe.\\nThe regiment left its rendezvous at Ypsilanti April 12, 1863, and pro-\\nceeded via Cincinnati to Kentucky, and was stationed at various posts in\\nthat State until the 9th corps, to which it was attached, was sent in June\\nto Mississii pi, It moved with the army in its advance on Jackson, I\\\\Iiss.,\\nin July, and in a skirmish near that place on the 11th of that month lost\\ntwo killed and five wounded. Alter the evacuation of Jackson by the\\nrebels it i)articipatcd in a reccnnoissance to Pearl river, and thence returned\\nto Milldule, IMiss. During the following month, August, the regiment re-\\nturned with the 9th corps to Kentucky. On the 10th of September it was\\nordered to proceed to Cuml)erland Gap. It arrived at the Gap on the 20th,\\nnnd from tlieuce marched to Knoxville, Tenn., ai-rivtug at that place Sep-\\ntemlier 2Glh.\\nBreaking camp at Lenoir Station, East Tennessee, on November 14th,\\nISGo, the regiment marched to Hough s Ferry. On the IGth the army com-\\nmenced the retreat to Knoxville, closely followed by the rebel army under\\nGeneral Longstreet. In order to eflect thb safe withdrawal of the trains a\\nstand was made at Camp-bell s station. In the engagement the 27th parti-\\nci])ated, losing three killed, eight wounded, and ten missing. The retreat\\nwas continued to Knoxville, where the regiment actively assisted in the de-\\nfence of the city during the siege. In the assault made by the rebels on\\nFort Sanders, November 29th, the loss of the regiment was one killed and\\nnineteen missing. The casualties of the regiment during the month of No-\\nvember were 4 killed, 4 mortally wounded, 17 severely wounded, and 29\\nmissing total, 54. The regiment marched, on the 7th of December, in pur-\\nsuit of the retreating enemy, following them to Putlodge, whence, after re-\\nmaining in camp three days, it fell back to Plain s Cross-roads, where it\\nencamjied until tlie IGth of January, 18G4. During the period fjlhnving\\nthe 14tli of November the suHering and hardships of the regiment were very\\nsevere, particularly during the retreat to Knoxville and the siege of that\\nplace, from want of rest and an insufficient supi)ly of ibod and clotliing. At\\nMossy creek, in March, the regiment was joined by two new companies\\nwhich had been raised in the State, together with a large number of recruits,\\nnumbering in all 3G2 men. On the 17th it marched, via Knoxville, Hall s\\nGap, Ky.. and Camp Dick Robinson, to Nicholasville, Ky. The march to\\nthis jilaco was accomplished in f )urteen days, an average of nearly seven-\\nteen miles a day. Proceeding thence by cars the regiment arrived at An-\\nnapolis, Md., April 5th. Two companies of sharp-shooters joined tlie regi-\\nment at Annapolis. April 2;)d the regiment moved via Washington and\\nManassas to Warrenton Junction, Va., where it joined the Army of the\\nPotomac on the 29th. It cr(-x 5 ed the Kapidan ou the 5th of i\\\\Iay, in com-\\nmand of ^lajor Samuel Moody, and ou the 6th particijjated in the battle\\nof the Wilderness, sustaining a loss of eighty-nine in killed and wounded.\\nAmong the killed being Lieut. James Pluramer and Lieut. Arthur Chris-\\ntian, while among the wounded was i\\\\Iajor Moody.\\nAt Spottsylvania, May 12th, the 27lh most eminently exhibited that\\nstrong, enduring courage, unyielding firnuiess, which di.stinguishcd it when\\nvictory was hopeless, and at the assault on Fort iMahon, April 2d, 16G5,\\nZ", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "402 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nit manifested gallant and impetuous action when success seemed hopeful.\\nThe condition of the troops on the morning of the hattle of Spottsylvania\\nwas very unfavorable for an important and desperate assault. For the\\nwhole previous week the army had been almost constantly fighting, march-\\ning, or throwing up earthworks, and the men were much exhausted. It\\nhad rained for several days preceding the 12th, and that morning a dense\\nfog prevailed effectually concealing any movements of the enemy. One of\\nhis batteries, occupying a position raking the part of the line held by the\\n27th, firing at random, and chance shots from their sharp-shooters frequent-\\nly took efi ect, and the men of the regiment were compelled to lie on their\\narms without an opportunity of replying all were circumstances calculated\\nto try them to the utmost, and dispel that spirit and enthusiasm so neces-\\nsary for a successful attack.\\nThe regiment belonged to the 1st brigade, 3d division, 9th corps the\\nposition held by the brigade was at the foot of a hill covered with a heavy\\nsecond growth of pine, and held by the enemy s skirmishers strongly sup-\\nported. A short time before the fog arose the brigade was ordered to dis-\\nlodge the enemy from the hill and push forward to the extreme edge of the\\nwoods and hold the position until the support came up, preparatory to an\\nassault on his works. At the command the brigade moved briskly forward,\\nencountering a strong resistance, but steadily advanced through the timber\\nto an open field the fog was rising, and the enemy discovered strongly in-\\ntrenched in well-built earthworks, not more than one hundred and twenty-\\nfive yards distant the intervening space was an open field, carefully clear-\\ned, affording no protection to an advancing column. They immediately\\nopened with a terrific fire of artillery and musketry, and soon after a strong\\nforce of the enemy came rushing in on the left flank of the brigade then still\\nadvancing, and, although strongly and persistently resisted, swept steadily\\nup the line, checking the movement, taking several hundred prisoners, in-\\ncluding one regiment almost entire, and driving back a great portion of the\\ncommand in disorder, leaving nothing on the left of the regiment except the\\nMichigan sharp-shooters. The 27th, then commanded by the brave Major\\nMoody, who afterwards died of wounds received at Cold Harbor, held its\\nposition, and swinging back the left of his regiment IMajor IMoody opposed\\na strong front to the enemy, checked his advance, and finally forced him\\nfrom his immediate front and back to his works. The fire of the enemy\\ncontinuing with much vigor and effect, an angle in his works enabling him\\nto pour in a very destructive cross-fire from the left, ]\\\\Iajor IMoody sent to\\nthe corps commander asking permission to fall back a few yards over the\\nbrow of the hill and await supports, but he received in reply orders not to\\nfall back an inch. The. supports, made up mostly of raw troops, foil back\\nas soon as they reached within range of the heavy fire of the enemy, and\\nthe assault was abandoned in the meantime an aid had withdrawn unob-\\nserved the regiment holding the flank on the right of the 27th, the enemy\\nthen pressed eagerly and rapidly forward, delivering a heavy enfilading fire\\non the 27th. The right of the regiment was immediately swung back, and\\na well-directed fire checked his advance, but a galling fire Avas kept up by\\nthe enemy on the front and both flanks. The enemy hitherto kept closely\\ndown behind his works, now poured in volley after volley of musketry with\\nfearful effect, and delivered his artillery fire with increased rapidity and\\nprecision. The ammunition of the 27th w^as gone, the cartridge-boxes of the\\ndead and wounded had been emptied and used, and the regiment was at\\nthe mercy of the enemy, but not a man flinched. The brave old I\\\\Iajor\\nMoody, then suffering from a wound received in the Wilderness, moved", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 403\\nalong the line in front of his regiment under a fearful fire encouraging liis\\nmen to hold their ground until support came, saying, General liurnside\\nsays we mustn t fall back an inch d d hard order, but must o])ey it.\\nThe figlit continued on, but slackening in force, and was ended by the dark-\\nness of night. In this fearful contest the regiment lost 27 killed, 148 wound-\\ned, and 12 missing. Lieutenant John Armour being among the mortally\\nwounded and who died next day.\\nThe brigade commander remarked, with regard to the 27th, that during\\nthe engagement not a single man belonging to the regiment attempted to\\npass to the rear unless wounded.\\n^larching to the North Anna river, the 27th, then in command of Col.\\nD. M. Fox, lost in the operations of the 24th and 2oth of May three killed\\nand eight wounded. Having crossed the Pamunkey and moved forward\\nwith the army to Bethcsda Church, the regiment participated in the engage-\\nment at that point on the 3d of June, with a loss ol sixteen killed and sixty\\nwounded among the former being Lieut. Charles TL Seymour and Lieut.\\nCharles T. Miller, and among the latter was INIajor Moody mortally, who\\ndied on the 20th of the same month. ^Marching to Cold Harbor, it took\\npart in the operations there, and, crossing the James river with the army,\\nadvanced to the front at Petersburg. On the 17th and 18th it took part in\\nthe charges made on the enemy s works.\\nColonel Fox being wounded on the 17th, the command of the regiment\\nwas assumed by Captain E. S. Leadbetter. During the month the loss of\\nthe regiment was 21 killed, 149 wounded, and 23 missing. These casualties\\noccurred principally in the battles of the 17th and 18th, and included\\nLieutenant J. W. Brennan, killed on the 18th.\\nOn the 30th of July f )llowing the regiment, with its division, was in the\\ngallant charge upon the enemy s lines following the explosion of the\\nmine under the rebel works, in front of Petersburg, and under a heavy\\nand most destructive fire, reached the crater, with great loss in killed\\nand wounded among the latter was Colonel William B. AVright, com-\\nmanding regiment. The casualties dui-ing July were 24 killed, 92 wounded,\\nand 27 missing.\\nThe regiment, in command of Captain Charles Wait, occupied a portion\\nof the intrenchments in front of Petersburg until the 19th of August, when\\nit marched to the Weldon railroad. On the 19th and 20th of August it\\nparticipated in the battles fought near that road. Its losses in these two\\nengagements were 9 killed, 8 wounded, and 39 missing, including among\\nthe killed Lieutenant INIason Vosper. During September, until the 29th,\\nthe regiment was engaged principally in the construction of fortifications,\\nroads, etc. On the 29th it moved to the west of the Weldon road, and on\\nthe 30th took part in the battle near Peeble s Farm, or Poplar Grove\\nChurch, with a loss of 10 wounded and 1 mi.ssing. Lieutenant Theodore S.\\nMead here received a wound of which he died at Washington on October\\nIGth following. On the 27th and 28Lh of October the regiment took part\\nin the movement on the South Side railroad, but did not become engaged.\\nOn the 31st it was in camp near what is called the Peebles Farm House.\\nOn November 1st f )llowing the regiment was engaged on picket duty\\nand holding a road, about seven miles west of Petersburg, Va., and on the\\n29th moved to the right and took a position in the works in front of Peters-\\nburg, relieving the troops of the 2d corps. In that position it remained,\\ndoing very heavy and arduous picket duty until April 1st following, when\\nit was ordered to make a demonstration on the enemy s line directly in front\\nof Mine Fort, as it was supposed that he was withdrawing from that point.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "404 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nThe demonstration was made, but it was found that he was still in force,\\nand the commaud fell back to the main line of works again, when a move-\\nment was made one mile to the left, where line of battle was formed in rear\\nof Fort Sedgwick, and preparations made to charge at daj^break on the\\nfollowing morning, and at 4 A. M. on the 2d, the regiment charged on the\\nrebel Fort Mahon, capturing its eastern wing. Fort Mahon, prominent\\namong the chain of forts in the line of works before Petersburg, and the\\nkey to the position on that part of the line, was a large, strongly built frame\\nand earth-work, protected on the front and both flanks by a deep ditch and\\ntwo lines of chevaux de Jrise the front was still farther protected by a\\nstrong line of rifle-pits, which extended the whole length of the Petersburg\\nfortifications outside the chevaux de Jrise.\\nThe assaulting column was formed by regiments in mass in front of the\\nworks, which at that point were about three hundred yards distant from the\\nfort. The main assault was to be made by a large brigade of new troops,\\nthat had never participated in an engagement, and the brigade to which\\nthe 27th belonged was to act merely as a support, and for that purpose was\\ndrawn up in two lines, the 27th on the right of the rear line.\\nJust before daybreak the assaulting column was ordered to advance.\\nThey moved forward rapidly and silently, but were soon discovered by the\\nenemy s outer line, and a heavy fire was opened. The inner line almost in-\\nstantly responding to the alarm, opened a deadly fire of artillery and musk-\\netry. The new troops wavered for a moment, then dashed gallantly for-\\nward, and soon after their hearty cheers announced success, their men\\ncoming to the rear with wounded, shouting exultingly to the old brigade,\\nNow boys, Ave have taken the fort for you, and, for God s sake, see if you\\ncan t hold it. But the firing every moment increasing in vigor, the news\\nfrom the front began to be doubted, and soon the command was given:\\nForward, 1st brigade; when, with a hearty cheer, they advanced gal-\\nlantly on the double-quick. Soon the head of the colunui came up with\\nthe new brigade, and found them only in possession of the rifle-pits, and it\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was found impossible for the 1st brigade to pass them, and the assault was\\nlikely to prove a failure, when the quick eye of Wait the gallant young\\ncolonel of the 27th Michigan took in the situation at a glance failure\\nand death to halt and await orders disgrace to fall back; the only alter-\\nnative to attempt the f )rt with one hundred and twenty-throe men. A\\nmoment s delay would have been fatal he instantly changed the direction\\nof his regiment by the right flank, unnuisked his command, charged again\\nto the front, and nobly advanced, at the double-quick, on the fort. The\\nbrigade commander, fearing the result, shouted at the top of his voice:\\nDon t attempt the fort, Colonel break the lines to the right. The\\nColonel s strong, clear voice, rising above the deafening uproar, answered\\nback with gallant spirit: Fort or nothing T Taking up the cry, the\\nwhole regiment, with one voice as it were, shouted exultingly: Fort or\\nnothing! Partaking of the bravery of their Colonel, the men doubled\\ntheir exertions and rushed onward for the fort. The formidable f7iei ni .c de\\nJrise which they had dreaded for months was soon reached and quickly\\ncleared, and on they rushed. The rebel artillery, heavily charged with\\ngrape, soon belched forth in awful salvo, but it ])assed harmlessly over the\\nregiment, being too near the fort, and, happily, out of range. The ditch\\nwas soon cleared, and clambering up the embankment, the colors of the\\n27th were planted on the parapet. The enemy resisted, but with a rousing\\ncheer, such as victorious troops only can give, the whole regiment in mass\\npoured into the fort. One hundred and fifty-uiue tweuty-six more thau", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 405\\nthe regiment numbered surrendered on the spot. Without a moment s\\ndehiy, the captured guns (six in number) were turned upon tli().se who\\nescaped, and with go(-d efiect. The 27th was thus in possession of this strong-\\nhold, and tlic lirst break had been made in the works on that side of the city.\\nKext day, as the brigade returned to their old quarters, after having\\npassed through Petersburg, the 51st Pennsylvania, a large regiment, which\\nhad held the brigade line during the charge, crowded to the side of the\\nroad, and taking off their hats gave three hearty cheers for the 27th INIichi-\\ngan, a high compliment, and seldom paid by one old regiment to another,\\nshowing in the strongest manner possible the merit of the 27th in the as-\\nsault on Fort Mahon.\\n^Injor Moody, in his last communication before his death, made to the\\nAdjutant-General of the State, giving the casualties of the regiment in the\\nbattk^s of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, says: In conclusion, the\\nbrave and gallant conduct of both (;flicers and men of my command in these\\nengagements, have not only sustained but added new honor to our State and\\ncountry. He wrote in pencil at the foot of the page This statement has\\nbeen made in our rifle-pits, and this is all the paj)er I could get. The IMa-\\njor was then suffering from a wound received in the Wilderness INIay 6th.\\nHe died June 20th following, from a wound at Cold Harbor June 3d.\\nNote. The late Major Moody of the 27tli Mi higan, formerly a well known Lake Su-\\nperior ns well as sea captiun. while in command of his company at Jackson, Miss., and\\nwhile in line of battle behind some p -oteciion, being desirous of saving his men from\\nthe fire of the enemy, reijcatedl}- cautioned them against exposing themselves, and fail-\\ning to do so satisfactorily, losing all patience with them, rushed in front of the com-\\npany, calling aloud at the top of his voice Boys, bear a hand and keep down, or by\\nJujjiter if you don t, I ll send every mother s son of j ou aft, (meaning the rear.) infer-\\nring that he would do their part of the fighting himself. On anotlier occasion, while\\nadvancing in line of battle in the Wilderness under a heavy jire, an.xious to keep his\\nalignment in the excitement around him forgot his tactics and military phrases, and\\nwent b.ick to his native element, the sailor, and was heard all over the line giving his\\ncommands: Luff, boys, luff steady, steady luff, lufif there, steady now give em\\nevery shot in the locker.\\nThe following is an extract from the report of Captain Charles Waitr The regiment\\nwas engaged at Cold Harbor June 3d, and charged the enemy s works in our front, car-\\nrying his first line with heavy loss, but holding the position until about 10 M., when\\nit was relieved and withdrawn to the second line. In this engagement, Major .Moody\\nreceived a wound which caused his death. The loss of this ga.lant officer is deeply\\nmourned in the regimeiU. Though suffering from illness and a wound received in the\\nWilderness, he had steadily remained at his post of duty, on all occasions manifesting\\nrare courage and entire devotiou to the cause in which he yielded up his lire.\\nTHE TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY.\\nThe 28th, raised and rendezvoused at ^Marshall, under the direction of\\nthe Hon. S. S. Lacy as conmiandant of camp, left the State for the field in\\nTeimessee October 26, 1864, under the comnumd of Lieut. Col. Delos Phil-\\nlil)s. It arrived at Louisville, Ky., on the 29th, and on November 10th it\\nwas ordered to Camp Nelson, Ky., for the purpose of guarding a wagon\\ntrain from that ])oint to Nashville, where it arrived on the 5th of Decem-\\nber, and was assigned to temporary duty at that post. The advance of\\nHood n Nashville soon brought tlie 28t h to face the realities of war, and\\nunder command of Col. W. W. Wheeler, participated in the defence of that\\nplace by General Thomas, from the 12th to the 16th of that month, when\\nit fully established a reputati(m as a gallant fighting regiment, and at once\\nreached the uniform high standard of ^Michigan troops.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "406 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nAfter the battle of Nashville the regiment was attached to the 23d corps,\\nwhich was soon after sent to the Atlantic seaboard to constitute a part of\\nthe f)rce concentrating in the vicinity of Wilmington intended toco-operate\\nwith General Sherman s army on its approach to the coast. The regiment\\nbelonged to the 2d brigade, 1st division, (Ruger s,) uid arrived at JNIore-\\nhead City February 24, 1865, and on IMarch 2d moved with its division\\ntowards Kingston, and joined General Cox. Meeting the enemy at Wise\\nForks, the 28th, commanded by Col. AVheeler, took an active part in the\\nbattles of the 8th, 9th, and lOtli, at that point. On the 8th the regiment\\nwas engaged in heavy skirmishing during that entire day and the night\\nfollowing. On the 9th the enemy pressed Cox s lines strongly, without\\nmaking an assault, and at the same time attempted to turn his right, but\\nfailed on account of a prompt reinforcement, of which the 28th formed a\\npart. On the morning of the 10th the enemy made a fierce and determined\\ncharge upon the left, breaking the lines, but were repulsed. The brigade\\nto which the 28th belonged charged the rebels on the double-quick, driving\\nthem back, and taking over three hundred prisoners, among whom were\\nseveral field ofiicers. About two o clock the same day they made a heavy\\nand desperate onset on the left and centre of General Cox, but most signally\\nfailed, the point having been sti-ongly and promptly reinforced from the\\nright. The 28th, with its brigade, being among the first to arrive, fought\\nthe enemy most gallantly for about two hours, when they were most deci-\\nsively repulsed, leaving their dead and wounded and a large number of\\nprisoners, and during the night they fell back across the Neuse, burning\\nthe bridge in their rear.\\nIn this spirited engagement the regiment lost Lieut. Mathew Holmes and\\nsix men killed, and thirteen wounded.\\nContinuing the march, the regiment reached Kingston on the 14th, and\\nGoldsboro on the 21st, when the brigade was placed on duty guarding the\\nline of the Atlanta and North Carolhui railroad. On the 9th of Ai)ril the\\nregiment marched again to Goldsboro and on the 18th arrived at Raleigh,\\nand after the cessation of hostilities was engaged on duty at Goldsboro\\nRaleigh, Charlotte, Lincolntown, Wilmington, and Newbern, until June 5,\\n1866, when it was mustered out of service.\\nLieut. John E. Kenyon died February 2, 1866, of wounds received Jan-\\nuary 27th previous, while arresting murderers in Pitt county, N. C.\\nTHE TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY.\\nWhen the rebel General Hood was on his Northern campaign in 1864,\\nfor the purpose of overrunning Tennessee, getting possession of Nashville\\nand Louisville, and threatening the cities on the Ohio river, the 29tli Mich-\\nigan, (recruited and rendezvoused under the supervision of the Hon. John\\nF. Driggs, i\\\\[. C.,) under command of Colonel Thomas M. Taylor, was\\nstationed at Nashville, where it had arrived from Michigan October od\\nand on the advance of Hood upon Decatur, Ala., it was sent forward to\\nthat point, arriving there on the 26th, just in time to march from the cars\\nto its position in line, to meet the advance of Hood s forces, then attacking\\nthat place. Col. Charles C. Doolittle, of the 18th INIichigan, was in com-\\nmaiul of the post (}f Decatur, and for some days previous to the 26th had\\nbeen watching the movements of Hood s army, as well as those of Forrest\\nand Roddey, and had scouted the surrounding country as thoroughly as\\npossible. On the morning of the 26th he sent out several detachments on", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "THE TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 407\\nthe Sommerville and Courtland roads, one of which met a pretty strong\\nforce about three miles out on the Sonimerville road, and was obliged to\\nretire. Not expecting the advance of Hood s army, for a day or two at\\nleast, Col. Doolittle was of the opinion that it might be a scouting party of\\nRoddcy s command but, at half past one o clock P. M., on the same day,\\nhis videttes reported the enemy advancing on the place. He immediately\\nmade preparations for action, and rode to the advance post on the Som-\\nmerville road, and on seeing the enemy s c(\u00c2\u00bblumns forming into line with\\nskii iiiishers out, he ordered the 2d Teiniessee cavalry to hold the enemy in\\ncheck, and then hurried back to headquarters, and made the necessary dis-\\nposition of his force to meet the coming attack.\\nBattery A, 1st Tennessee light artillery, su])ported by the reserve picket\\nof the l Sth JNIichigan that had been ordered up, soon got into position in a\\nsmall redoubt commanding the Sommerville road and vicinity, and at once\\nopened fire on the enemy s line of battle. The 10th Indiana cavalry had\\nalso been ordered up, and was engaged at various points looking after and\\nchecking the advance of the enemy. Finding that he could hold the rebels\\nin check. Col. Doolittle, about twenty minutes after the artillery opened fire,\\nordered tho right wing of the 29th JNIichigan, which had just arrived by rail\\nfrom Kashvilie and been placed behind the breastAvorks on the left flank,\\nto move to the front and occupy the line of rifle-pits on the left of the re-\\ndoubt. This they accomplished in the most gallant style under a hot fire\\nfrom the enemy s artillery and musketry, which they withstood with firm-\\nness. Soon after the other wing of the regiment was ordered out, and one\\nhundred of the men, in command of the major, was sent to what was known\\nas Fort No. 1. Battery I, 1st Ohio light artillery, had been ordered for-\\nward nnd opened on the enemy, the fight continuing until dark, the rebels\\nbeing unnble to gain any advance, notwithstanding he made several attempts\\nto charge the line. Col. Doolittle then withdrew the advance force inside\\nthe maiu works, leaving one hundred men of the 29th IMichigan to strengthen\\nthe picket line and hold the line of the rifle-pits. In the engagement of\\nthis day the pickets on the Union line, from the redouI)t to the river on the\\nright, remained in their position, and when night came the picket line was\\nin tact. It was ascertained that the attack was made by Walthal s divi-\\nsion, 5,000 strong, of Stewart s corps. Hood s army, and were fought by Col.\\nDoolittle with less than 500 men and a small amount of artillery. During\\nthe night of the 26th the Union forces were receiving reinforcements, and\\non the 27th nothing more important occurred than the driving back of the\\nenemy s skirmishers on the front and right flank. On the 28th, about 3 A.\\nM., the enemy drove iu a portion of the pickets on the right, and established\\nthemselves in gopher holes within four hundred yards of the works. An\\nattemi)t was made early in the morning to dislodge them and re-establish\\nthe line, but the enemy were too well protected to be moved. Some time\\nafterwards they were surprised by Capt. AV. C. Moore, 18th IMichigan, with\\nabout fifty men of that regiment and a few clerks and orderlies from district\\nheadipKvrters, who nuide a most daring and dashing attack on them, driving\\nthem from their holes like scared rats, and taking 115 prisoners. During\\nthe day the battle became general, the Union troojis having been reiuf ireed\\nand numhering about 5,000, had made a most determined defence and\\nearly on the morning of the 29th it was ascertained that the enemy s f )rccs\\nhad all been withdrawn except a strong rear guard, and at about 4 P. M.\\nhe was driven out of his last line of rifle-i)its.\\nThe noble and successful defence of Decatur by Col. Doolittle against\\nsuch enormous odds was among the most gallant and remarkable of the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "408 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nwar, and its importance, in view of its effect upon the great battle of Nash-\\nville which soon followed, was second to no minor engagement during the\\nrebellion.\\nThe exemplary conduct, vigorous and splendid fighting of Col. Taylor s\\nregiment and his officers, although less than a month in the field, could\\nscarcely have been excelled by long tried veterans.\\nOn the 31st of October, 1864, this regiment was stationed at Decatur,\\nAla., garrisoning that place until November 24th, when it marched to Mur-\\nfreesboro Tenn. arriving there on the 27th, it composed a part of the force\\nat that point during the siege of Nashville and jNIurfreesboro by the enemy\\nunder Hood, and was engaged with the enemy on the 7tli of December at\\nOverall creek. On the 13th it was sent out as the escort of a railroad train\\nto procure fuel, when it was attacked by a superior force of infantry and\\nartillery near Winchester Church, when a severe battle ensued, in which\\nthe enemy was repulsed with loss, the regiment losing seventeen killed,\\nwounded, and missing. The enemy having taken up the track, the regiment\\nsucceeded in relaying it under fire and saved the train, bringing it into\\nMurfreesboro by hand after the engine had been disabled by a shell. On\\nthe 15th and 16th, while guarding a fijrage train at Alexandria, near Mur-\\nfreesboro it became engaged with two brigades of the enemy s cavalry on\\nthe Shelbyville Pike with slight loss, and was also engaged at Nolansville\\non the 17th. In the affair on the 15th Lieut. Frederick Van Vliet ^yas\\nkilled. On the 27th it was moved by rail to Anderson, and was assigned to\\nduty guarding the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad remaining there\\nuntil July following, it moved to Dechard and thence to Murfreesboro ar-\\nriving there on the 19th, and was employed on garrison duty until Septem-\\nber 6th, when it was mustei-ed out of service, and on the 8th left for Michi-\\ngan, arriving on the 12th at Detroit, where it was paid off and discharged.\\nThe 30th regiment was raised under authority from the War Department\\nfor special service on the Michigan frontier, its term of service being for one\\nyear; and by orders from this Department dated November 7, 1864, its re-\\ncruitment commenced, under the direction of Col. G. S. Wormer, with ren-\\ndezvous at Jackson, which was afterwards changed to Detroit, where the\\norganization was completed January 9, 1865. The companies were staticm-\\ned at different points along the Detroit and St. Clair rivers and in other\\nparts of the State, as follows A and B at Fort Gratiot, D at St. Clair, F,\\nat Wyandotte, K at Jackson, H at Fenton, G in Detroit, and C, F, and I-\\nat Detroit Barracks. The regimental headquarters were for some time at\\nJackson, then at Detroit, and on January 24th were removed to Fort Gra-\\ntiot. The regiment continued on duty at those points untiljune 30th, when\\nit was mustered out of service.\\nTHE COLORED REGIMENT.\\nThe only Michigan colored regiment in the war was thel02dU.S., raised\\nby Col. Ilenry Barns, of Detroit, organized by Lieut. C\\\\)l. W. T. liennett,\\nand in IMarch, 1864, took the field in command of C olonel II. L. Chipman,\\nthen a captain in the regular army, who had procured a leave of absence\\nfor tliiit purpose. The regiment first faced the enemy at lialdwin, Florida,\\nin August following, where it was suddenly attacked l)y a force of rebel cav-\\nalry, which it easily repulsed and scattered, and by its splendid conduct on\\nthat occasi(Ui fully convinced its ofiicers of the reliable and gallant fighting\\nqualities of their men. But these qualities were more fully manifested at", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "THE COLORED REGIMENT. 409\\nHoney Hill, S. C, on November oOth following, at Tillifinny December 7th,\\nand at Devereax Neck on the 9th hy adctaclnneut of the regiment, consist-\\ning of twelve officers and tliree hnndred men, that had been sent from Beau-\\nfort to ynn the forces of General Foster. This detachment was commanded\\nby Capt. IMontaguc, Col. Cliipman being in conmiand of a brigade. At the\\npoints named the officers and men referred to, most gallantly engaged a su-\\nperior force of the enemy, .^^ustaining an aggregate loss in these afl airs of\\nsixty-live in killed and wounded; Ca[)t. A. E. Lindsey being among the\\nkilled and Lieut. 11. 11. Alvord among the severely wounded.\\nFrom the 11th to the 18th April, 1865, the right wing, in command of\\nCol. Chipman, was engaged on a most hazardous and daring expedition from\\nCharleston, S. C, to join General Potter on the Santee river, striking it at\\nNelson s Ferry, distant about seventy miles. The march was made through\\nthe country held by the enemy, the command subjected to great danger of\\nattack from superior force, and of being cut off from all reinforcements and\\noverwhelmed, enduring much hardshi]) and fatigue, and meeting a large\\nbody of the enemy s cavalry, which, alter a brisk and vigorous fight, were\\ndriven olf. Encountering the rebels again \u00c2\u00ab)n the 18th, while on the march\\nin the direction of Camden, a skirmish ensued. On the 19th the command\\nsucceeded in rejoining the left wing.\\nTiie left wing had marched from Georgetown on the 5th, commanded by\\n^lajor Clark, with an expedition under command of General Potter. After\\nmuch hard marching and considerable skirmishing with the enemy on the\\n8th, 15tli, and 17th and on the 18th, near ^lanchcster, met the enemy ia\\nforce at Boykins, when, with the 54th Massachusetts colored inlantry, it\\nflanked the rebels attacking them with much spirit and gallantry, driving\\nthem in great disorder in the direction of Statesburg. Next day the two\\nwings again united, and under command of Col. Chipman, came up with\\nthe enemy near .Singleton s plantation, when a successful flank movement\\nwas made by the regiment, which resulted, after a most gallant brush, in\\nforcing him to abandon a strong position, and in routing him most thor-\\noughly.\\nTlie regiment being encamped on the 20th and 21st, having companies\\nA, B, and C (under comnumd of ^lajor Clark) on the picket line, on the\\nmorning of the 21st com) any A was attacked by two hundred of the enemy,\\nwhich it handsomely repulsed. At 12 M., on the 21st, the enemy sent in a\\nflag of truce, with dispatches from General Beauregard, stating that Gen-\\nerals Sherman and Johnston had cease hostilities, when the column marched\\nback to Georgetown, arriving there on the 25th.\\nOn the 29th the regiment received orders to proceed to Charleston, and\\nnext day endnirked on transports, arriving at that point the same day, and\\nwent into camp on Charleston Neck, where it remained until May 7th, and\\nthen broke camp and marched for Summerville, and reaching there on the\\n8th, encamped until the 18th, then proceeded l)y rail to Branchville, and\\nthence, on the 25th, to Orangeburg, where it was engaged on provost guard\\nand fatigue duty until July 28th, when it marched f )r Winnsboro arriving\\nthere on the od of August, and during the remainder of that month was\\nengaged on the same duties as at Orangeburg. Sometime in the month\\nfollowing the regiment returned to Charleston, where it was mustered out\\nof service September oOth, and proceeded to jNIichigan, arriving on October\\n17th at Detroit, where it was paid off and disbanded.\\nWhile the regiment was cHgaged during its term of service in many other\\nbattles and skirmishes, and behaved well in every respect, the actions above\\nreferred to will always be recognized as prominent in its creditable history.\\nZ", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "410 HISTORY OP MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nTHE MILITIA GUARDS.\\nThroughout the war the entire militia of the State consisted of three\\ncompanies of the force known as the State Troops the Scott Guard,\\nDetroit Light Guard, and the Lyon Guard.\\nThe Scott Guard was originally organized at Detroit, October 11, 1861.\\nHaving tendered its services in response to the Governor s call for volun-\\nteers, of April 17, 1861, the company was accepted as one of the uniformed\\nmilitia companies, and was assigned as company A in the 2d infantry.\\nThose members of the company who did not accompany the Guard at this\\ntime continued the organization under its old name.\\nThe Detroit Light Guard was organized November 16, 1865. This com-\\npany tendered its services in response to the Gcn ernor s proclamation of\\nApril 17, 1861, calling fjr volunteers. It was accepted, and was assigned\\nas company A in the Ist regiment of infantry, (three months men.) Dur-\\ning the noted riot in the city of Detroit, on the 6th of IMareh, I860, it ren-\\ndered efHcient service in preserving thepeace, guarding the jail, and patroll-\\ning the district where the disturbance occurred.\\nThe Lyon Guard was organized at Detroit October 3, 1861. On the\\noccasion of the riot in Detroit (m the 6th of March, 1863, the company ren-\\ndered material aid to the public authorities patrolling the streets and\\notherwise assisting in preserving the peace.\\nThese companies maintained their organizaticm during the war, and ren-\\ndered valuable service in guarding against raids by Southern rebel refugees\\nfrom the borders of the provinces of Canada, threatened to be made from\\ntime to time on the city of Detroit and along the line. They were placed\\non duty as patrols and guards, and were found at all times ready for any\\nservice. Tiiey aided much in sustaining a feeling of security among the\\ninhabitants during excitement consequent to the threatened raids referred to.\\nNotwithstanding the great efficiency of IMichigan troops in the field during\\nthe recent war, her militia has always been extremely deficient, and is now\\nscarcely deserving to be named as such, consisting of only six companies of\\nState troops.\\nIn 1866, the Adjutant General of the State made a special report, under\\ndate of November 27th, to the Governor of the State on that subject, in\\nwhich he says\\nThe Legislature of the State passed at its extra session of 1862 an act\\nfor the reorganization of the military forces of the State of Michigan, which\\nwas approved January 18, 1862.\\nSince the passage of the law referred to, and down to this date, only three\\ncompanies have been mustered into the service of the State as State troops.\\nThese companies are in the city of Detroit, and were in existence long be-\\nfore the passage of that law, so in fact none have been organized under its\\noperations, and it is evident that so long as it remains as it is, none are\\nlikely to be. I have, therefore, thought it proper at this time to make a\\nspecial report on that subject.\\nThe national defence of the Republic, aside from its navy, consists of a\\nsmall standing army and its militia. The former is acquired by V(\u00c2\u00bblunteer-\\niiig, and the latter by a general lial)ility, with some exemptions, of all men\\nof i)r()per age iiud sullicicnt physical ability to serve, when required.\\nThe militia, when well organized, equipped and disciplined, oifors the\\nmost acceptable and safest guarantee for national delence and domestic\\npeace. It does not invite a desire to assume the offensive, yet is ever ready\\nfor the defensive. It is the army of the masses, and creates no special mil-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "THE MILITIA GUARDS. 411\\nitary organization. It engenders no distinction between citizen and soldier,\\nno antagonistic interests and aims between the people and the army, no\\nfalse pride or selfish motive which seeks hostility only to obtain fame and\\nmilitary advancement. It guards alike the life and honor of the Nation,\\nand the independence and liberty of the citizen, and does not exhaust or\\ndiminish the industrial resources of the country, nor does it endanger its\\nfreedom by j)laciug a great military power in the hands of one man, or a\\nset of men, whose ambition or selfishness might lead them to usurp the Gov-\\nernment and abridge or destroy the liberties of the people, and it far more\\nadvances fhe national defence by possessing a greater numerical strength\\nthan any standing army which any nation could sustain.\\nIt is obvious that the maintaining of a large standing army is not in\\nkeeping with the spirit of American institutions, nor will it ever receive the\\nsanction of the people. The country will be willing only to sui)port such a\\npermanent military force in time of peace as may be absolutely necessary\\nfor protecting its frontier and aiding the civil authority in the enforcement\\nof the law. Therefore the main military strength of the Republic will be in\\nits militia, and, such being the case, the maintaining thereof should be a\\nfixed policy in every State in the Union, and to be effective and reliable\\nshould be j)ermanently and systematically organized.\\nIt has been fully demonstrated during the late civil war that a well or-\\nganized and equipped militia is of the utmost importance, not only to the\\nGeneral Government, but to a State itself, being relied upon as the main\\nnational defence against foreign invasion and civil war, and to defend the\\nState against hostile attacks on its borders, to maintain the enforcement of\\nits laws when necessary, and to guarantee the peace and protect the lives\\nand property of its people. Therefore it is unquestionably the interest of\\nthe State of Michigan to be prepared promptly and successfully to meet\\nemergencies of that nature by a comjjlete enrollment and organization of its\\nmilitia, and by maintaining a small active force of State troops well armed\\nand equipped ready for service on the shortest notice possible.\\nOn the outbreak of the recent rebellion few States were in a condition\\nto render much service to the Government by their militia, and the greater\\nproportion of them not any. This condition of affairs rose from the defec-\\ntiveness of their militia system and the little attention that had been given\\nto the proper organization of their State militia or State troops.\\nYet, what little had been done in this respect proved to be of infinite\\nvalue to the Government, as it is generally conceded that to the organiza-\\ntion of State tro()})3 the nation was indebted at that time f )r the safety and\\npreservation of its capital. The non-effective condition of the militia of the\\nvarious States was, to a certain extent, excused by the country for the rea-\\nson that there had been but little, if any, indications of a foreign war for a\\nlong period of years, and a rebellion against the Ciovernment had not been\\nthought of; hence the States had been unthinkingly lulled into a state of\\nsecurity, although unwarranted in history. By the inauguration of the re-\\nbellion and during its progress, however, that idea of security has been fully\\nexploded, and a lesson \\\\uis been taught by experience and at a great cost\\nthat it is necessary in peace to prepare for war, and that this maxim should\\nl)e adhered to at all times. As it is questionable how far States will be held\\nexcusable hereafter, in view of the General Government trusting and de-\\npending upon them for action and prepai ation in this matter, if not found\\nready on all occasions and under all circumstances to respond to the call\\nof the country willi their projiortiou of well organized and equipped militia\\nfor the defence of the nation, it behooves them to give their attention to this", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "412 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.\\nmatter. Undoubtedly many of the States will be prepared, but should\\nany be found deficient in this respect in any future contingency it will place\\nthem as States in a very unfavorable position before the country and the\\nworld one in which, it is hoped, Michigan will not be found, as she can ill\\naflbrd to lose her deservedly high reputation acquired during the past strug-\\ngle by any failure on her part of this description.\\nWith these remarks, our history of Michigan during the Rebellion, is\\nbrought to a conclusion.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "THIRD PART.\\nBIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nAbbott, James. His father, bearinp: the same name, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0was a native of\\nIrchiud, and established himself in the wilds of Michigan as a fur-trader,\\nbefore the Declaration of Independence; and the son was born in Detroit in\\n1775, He commenced active life by following the same business of his\\nfather; was postmaster of Detroit from 1808 until 1827, excepting when\\nthe English were in possession was for many years Receiver of public\\nmoneys for the Land Office in Detroit served as a quartermaster-general\\nin the war of 1812 as major of militia in 18o5 also as a judge for several\\nyears of the Court of Common Pleas and died in Detroit, full of honors,\\nMarch 12, 18o8.\\nAllen, John. He was born in Rockbridge county, Va., December\\n30, 1772; went with his father to Kentucky in 1780; was educated at a\\nschool kept in Bardstown and after studying law in Staunton, Va., returned\\nto Kentucky, and began the practice of his profession in Shelbyville. He\\nwas fullowing it successfully there at the time the war broke out in 1812,\\nwhen he raised a regiment of riflemen for service under General Harrison.\\nHe was killed, while in the performance of his duty, under trying circum-\\nstances, at the massacre of Frenchtown, on the River Raisin, January 22,\\n1813. His name was given to one of the prominent counties of Kentucky;\\nand the historian, McAfee, when mentioning the fact that he was shot down\\nby an Indian, says: The savage had the houor of shooting one of the\\nfirst and greatest citizens of Kentucky.\\nAllouez, Claude. He was a Jesuit missionary, who visited Lake\\nSuperior in 1GG5. He went as far west as Point Keweenaw, and spent a\\nconsiderable time in a fruitless search for copper; and then continuing hia\\njourney to La Poiute, the ancient residence of the Ojibwas, where he estab-\\nlished a mission, and astonished the natives with pictorial representations\\nof He ll and the Judgment Day. He spent about two years in that locality,\\ninstructing the different tribes of the Northwest, and collecting information\\nabout the country and people west of Lake Superior. In 1067 he returned\\nto Quebec to procure assistance in his field of labor, and to urge the plant-\\ning of a French colony in that remote region. He was successful, and two\\ndays alter his arrival, he began his return to La Pointe, accompanied by\\ncompetent assistants. In 1009 he founded a mission at Green Bay, where", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "416 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe endured many hardships and \u00e2\u0096\u00a0whatever his merits may have heen, it is\\ncertain that he and La Salle ^verc not on good terms, it being asserted that\\nhe intrigued against the explorer. In 1671 we find him stationed at the\\nSaute de Ste. JMarie, where he delivered a curious speech to the Indians,\\nwhich will be found translated in Parkmau s Discovery of the Great\\nWest. According to one of his published letters, lie said that the Indians\\ncalled Lake Michigan Machihiganing. The last that we know of him is,\\nthat in 1G87 he was at St. Louis, on the Mississippi. While confined to\\nhis bed by illness, on hearing that La Salle was approaching that region,\\nhe stole away from the mission, and disappeared, as if to shun a meeting\\nwith the man he had injured.\\nAdam, John J. He was among the earlier emigrants to the Territory\\nof Michigan a lawyer by profession and on several occasions was elected\\nto the State Legislature. In 1837 he was appointed a Hegent of the Uni-\\nversity of Michigan, which position he resigned in 1840; in 1842 he was\\nelected State Treasurer; in 1845, and fi*om 1848 until 1850, he was Auditor-\\nGeneral of the State; and from 1844 to 1846, and again from 1848 until\\n1851, he was Treasurer of the University of Michigan.\\nAdams, L. B. She was the daughter of John Bryan, who emigrated\\nto Michigan from New York in 1823, and was born in the latter State in\\n1818. lier early education was obtained through private tutors. Slie was\\nmarried in 1841^ to James R. Adams, who was an editor at White Pigeon\\nand Kalamazoo, and died in 1847 in 1848 she went to Kentucky as a\\nteacher, where she remained three years, and then returned to Michigan,\\nand was for several years a reguln.r writer for the press, especially the De-\\ntroit Advertiser and the Michigan Farmer, and also for the New York Tribune.\\nFinding that her literary labors were injuring her health, she obtained a\\nposition in the Museum of the Agricultural Department in AVashington,\\nwhere she was associated with the Commissioners Isaac Newton and Horace\\nCapron, and Professor Townend Glover, all of whom highly appreciated\\nher services, and she died in Vashingtou city on the 28th of June, 1870,\\ndeeply lamented. She was a writer of graceful verse, and many of her\\npoetic productions were associated with her much loved Michigan and the\\nValley of St. Joseph.\\nAnderson, John. He was born in Scotland, but emigrated to Canada\\nwhen quite a young man, and, after spending some little time in JMontreal,\\nsettled on the River liaisin, in IMichigan, as an Indian trader about the\\nyear 1805. During the war of 1812 he was captured by the British and\\nIndians, but made his escape and went with his family to Dayton, Ohio.\\nHe was a brave man, a good citizen and patriot, and one whom everybody\\nloved and respected. lie filled with credit many local offices of honor and\\ntrust; exerted great influence among the early settlers in and about French-\\ntown and as he could speak not less than eleven Indian dialects and thor-\\noughly understood the Indian character, he did much, after the war, to make\\nthe tribes of IMichigan peaceable and friendly. He was for many years an\\nelder in the Presbyterian Church, and died at Monroe in 1841, leaving one", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 417\\nson, Alexander Anderson, who was a lawyer and an accomplished man, and\\nwho also died a few years ago. lie had a daughter who became the wife\\nof Warner Win\\nAuouR, CiiRiSTOPiiEii Colon. He was born in New York, but, hav-\\ning taken up his residence in Michigan, he was appointed a cadet at West\\nPoint Irom that State in 18o9. His first service was on Lake Ontario, from\\n1842 to 1 S45; he was on duty in Texas when the Mexican war broke out,\\nand after participating in the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma\\nand serving as a staff ofKccr during the war was made a cajjtain he was\\nsubsequently stationed in Florida, on the Niagara, at Fort Columbus, in\\nCalifornia, at Fort Vancouver, in Oregon, and fought against the Indians\\nin Washington Territory. When the rebellion commenced he was on duty\\nas an instructor at West Point; was made brigadier general of volunteers\\nand stationed at Washington was engaged at P^redericksburg and in the\\nShennandoah Valley had command of the Fifth Army Corps at Cedar\\nMountain and severely wounded was made brevet colonel in the regular\\narmy fir gallant and meritoiious services was next on duty in New Orleans\\nand at Port Hudson, and Avas made major general of volunteers for gallant\\nand meritorious services; in I860 he was phiced in command of the military\\ndepartment of Washington and in 1867 was assigned to the command of\\nthe department of the Platte, where he is serving at the present time.\\nBacon, Daniel S. He was among the earliest emigrants from the\\nEastern States to the Territory of JMichigan, and for Avell nigh half a cen-\\ntury was a resident of Mt)nroe. He was born in Onondaga, New York, in\\n1798, commenced his career as a school teacher on the Iliver Raisin in 1822\\npaid considerable attention to farming; subsecpiently formed a partnership\\nwith Levi S. Humphrey in the prosecuticm of various kinds of business\\nand then adopted the j)rofcssion of law, which he ])racticed with success.\\nHe was at one time a member of the Legislative Council of the Territory;\\njudge of probate, which he held for many years; j)resident of the Bank of\\nMonroe, and also a director of the Michigan Southern Railroad Company.\\nHo also held a number of other local positions, in all of which he acquitted\\nhimself with ability and a dignified bearing, ever maintaining a pure char-\\nacter, which made him one of the most popular men of his time. He died\\nin Monroe jNIay 18, 1866, at an advanced age, and will long be remembered\\nby troops of friends for his great personal and moral wortii, and as a true\\nfriend of his adopted State. At the time of his death he held the office of\\njudge of probate for the county of Monroe.\\nBacon, David. He was the father of the eminent Rev. Dr. Leonard\\nBacon, of New Haven, and was sent out as a missionary in 1800 by the\\nConnecticut Missionary St)ciety, and commenced his mission in Detroit,\\nwhere he remained two years. His next field of operations was on the Mii,u-\\nmee, from which locality he removed to the island of ^lackinaw, and f^^ra\\nthat place he returned to Detroit. In his first journey to the West ho i|\\\\)ypt\\nou foot from Hartford to BuflUlo, carrying a pack on his back. A^t*f^:t a", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "418 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nyear s sojourn in Michigan lie returned to Hartford, married a Avife, and\\nstarted a second time for the Western wilderness. While pursuing his avo-\\ncations in Michigan his favorite mode of travelling was by the birch canoe;\\nand it was while he was residing in Detroit that his distinguished son was\\nborn. Rev. David Bacon was also the founder of the town of Tallmadge, in\\nOhio, Avhere, we believe, he closed his life. He was one of those men who\\nare called visionary and enthusiastic by men of more prosaic and plodding\\ntemperament. He had not a liberal education, but was a man of eminent\\nintellectual powers and of intensely thoughtful habits, and really coveted\\nthe self-denying labors to which he subjected himself for the honor of his\\nDivine Master.\\nBagg, John S. -He was born in Lanesborough, Berkshire county,\\nMassachusetts, in 1809; when fifteen years of age he went to Oneida county.\\nNew York, where he acquired an academical education he then studied\\nlaw, and came to the bar of that State in 1835. In 1836 he removed to\\nMichigan and took up his residence in Detroit; and having at once pur-\\nchased of Sheldon McKnight the i^ree Press newspaper, entered upon the\\ncareer of an editor and politician, which he maintained with ability and a\\nhigh reputation until his death, which occurred in Detroit on the 10th of\\nMarch, 1870, In 1837 the Free Press establishment was destroyed by fire,\\nand he lost all he pc^ssessed, but he Avas a man of rare energy, and soon\\nworked out of all his difficulties, and was subsequently prosperous in all his\\nbusiness pursuits. The Free Press has long been considered the leading\\nDemocratic journal of the State, and among those who were associated with\\nits leading editor and proprietor at different times may be mentioned Silas\\nBagg, Henry Barnes, A. Smith Bagg, and John H. Harmon. He was a\\nwarm personal friend of President Polk, by whoih he was appointed Post-\\nmaster of Detroit, which position he held for f)ur years and by President\\nBuchanan he was appointed Marshal for the District of IMichigan and held\\nthat office for three years. For several years before his death his health\\nwas infirm, and he endured his long-continued sufferings with the fortitude\\nof a Christian, and when he died, was lamented by a large circle of attached\\nfriends.\\nBaldwin, Henry P. He was born in Coventry, Rhode Island, Feb-\\nruary 22, 1814; was left an orphan when a boy, and after receiving a good\\neducation was a mercantile clerk at Pawtucket for eight years before be-\\ncoming of age, after which he was engaged for several years in business on\\nhis own account in Woonsocket. In 1838 he emigrated to Detroit, and,\\nidentifying himself with the interests of ^lichigan, became President of the\\nSecond National Bank of Detroit was for two years a State Senator and\\nhe was elected Governor of IMichigan for the term commencing with 1809\\nand ending with the year 1870, to which position he brought a full store of\\ngeneral information gathered from foreign travel and the study of men and\\nbooks. It is due to his Excellency, moreover, to state that for much of the\\ninformation contained in tliis volume the compiler is indebted to him for a\\nvariety of important documents bearing upon the condition of the State,\\nover which he has presided with acknowledged ability. Re-elected in 1870\\nfor a second term.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL niSTORY OF MICHIGAN. 419\\nBarry, John S. He was born in Vermont in 1802 was educated at\\ntlie public scliools of that State; and wliile a young man went to Georgia\\nand resided for a number of years at Athinta. He subsequently emigrated\\nto the Territory of IMichigan and settled in the town of Constantino, where\\nhe resided until his death. Although educated for the legal profession, he\\nturned his attention to mercantile pursuits. His first public service was\\nrendered as a member of the first Constitutional Convention, in which, as\\nthe records show, he took a leading part upon the organization of the State\\nGovernment he was elected a State Senator, and in 1841 he was chosen\\nGovernor of the State and re-elected in 1843, and also in 1849. He was\\nalso, on two occasions, a Presidential Elector. In 1840 he took a special\\ninterest in the cultivation of the sugar beet, and with a view of obtaining\\ninformation in regard to its manufacture visited Europe. His last public\\nservice was as a member of the Democratic Presidential Convention held\\nin Chicago in 1864. He was Governor of Michigan during the period of\\nlier greatest financial troubles, and, although an active politician, ho ever\\nmaintained a high character for integrity and fidelity to the welfare of the\\nState. He died in Constantine January 15, 1870.\\nBaldwin, Augustus C. Was born in Salina, New York, December\\n24, 1817 received a common-school education, and having lost his father\\nwhen young, became dependent upon his own efforts for support in 1837\\nhe emigrated to Michigan and settled in Oakland county studied law, and\\nat the same time taught school, and came to the bar in 1842. In 1844 and\\n1846 he was elected to the Legislature of Michigan in 1853 and 1854 was\\nProsecuting Attorney for his adopted county was a delegate to the Charles-\\nton and Baltimore Conventions of 1860; and in 1862 he was elected a\\nrepresentative from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the\\nCommittees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Interior Department.\\nWas a delegate to the Chicago Convention in 1864, and to the Philadel-\\nphia National Union Convention of 1866,\\nBates, Asiier B. He was one of the early settlers in Detroit after\\n^Michigan became a Territory, and a lawyer by profession. After holding\\nthe office of Recorder for some years, he was, in 1 838, on the resignation\\nof Augustus S. Porter, made ]\\\\Iayor of Detroit. In 1855 he was appointed\\na commissioner by the General Government to prosecute certain business\\nin the Sandwich Islands, after Avhich he became a subject of the ICing of\\nthose islands, was raised to the dignity of Attorney-General, and has ever\\nsince continued to reside in that remote region.\\nBayfield, Henry Wolsey. Although a native of England, this dis-\\ntinguished man has long been highly esteemed by the people of Michigan,\\non account of his services as the most successful marine surveyor of the\\nGreat Lakes which form the eastern and northern boundaries of the State.\\nHe entered the English navy in 1806, shared with Lord Cochrane in the\\nattack on the French fleet in 1809, saw much service in the waters of the\\nWest Indies, South America, and Portugal, and in 1814 took command of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "420 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\na gun-boat on the Great Lakes. In 1815 he was assigned to the duty of\\nsurveying Lake Ontario; in 1817 was appointed Admiralty Surveyor, and\\nfrom that year until 1823 he was engaged in surveying Lakes Erie and\\nHuron and then pr(jceeded to survey Lake Superior, which he accom-\\nplished in the schooner Recovery, of one hundred and fifty tons, at that\\ntime the only vessel on the lake. In 1825 he returned to England and pre-\\npared a series of charts of his American work, which have ever since been\\nthe leading authorities among all the people of Canada and the Northwest.\\nIn 1827 he returned to Canada and completed a survey of the River and\\nGulf of St. Lawrence, and Avas the first man to make known tlie Avondei s\\nof the river Saguenay, In 1834 he became a Captain, and in 185G a Rear\\nAdmiral, and for many years past has spent much of his time in promoting\\nthe cause of science in connection with the learned societies of Canada and\\nEngland, in Avhich latter country he is believed to be living in the enjoy-\\nment of his exalted reputation.\\nBeaman, Fernando C. He was born in Chester, Windsor county,\\nVermont, June 28, 1814 removed with his father to New York when a\\nboy, and left an orphan at the age of fifteen; received a good English\\neducation at the Franklin County Academy; studied law in Rochester;\\nremoved to Michigan in 1838, and commenced the practice of his profes-\\nsion was for six years Prosecuting Attorney for Lenawee county was\\nJudge of Probate for f lur years was a Presidential Elector in 185(3 and\\niu 18G0 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-seventh\\nCongress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to\\nthe Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the same committee, and also on\\nthat on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth C ongress, serving on\\nthe Committees on Territories, the Death of President Lincoln, and Frauds\\non the Revenue, and as chairman of tliat on Roads and Canals. He Avas\\nalso a delegate to the Philadel])hia Loyalists Convention of 18(50, and\\nre-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the C(mimittees on Recon-\\nstruction and Appropriations also re-elected to the Forty-first Congress.\\nBiDDLE, John. He was born in Philadeli)hia; was a Major in the\\nwar of 1812, acquitting himself with bravery; lield tlie position of Paymas-\\nter in the army also that of Indian Agent and was a Delegate to Congress\\nfi om the Territory of IMichigan from 1829 to 1831, when he was appointed\\nRegister of the Land Office at Detroit, Michigan. For some years before\\nhis death he had been travelling in Europe, and died at the White Suljjhur\\nSprings, Virginia, August 25, 1859, aged about seventy years. He was a\\nman of literary culture, and wrote many interesting i)apers bearing upon\\nthe liistory of Detroit as well as the State of Michigan, some of which were\\npublished in a small volume, jointly with others, many years ago.\\nBingham, Kinsley S. He was born at Camillas, Onondaga county.\\nNew York, December 1(3, 1808 received a fair academic education taught\\nschool for a time at Bennington, Vermont; spent three years in the office\\nof a lawyer as clerk emigrated to Michigan in 1833, and settled upon a", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 421\\nfarm; he was elected to tlie ^Michigan Legislature in 1835, and was five\\nyears a member of that body three years elected Speaker lie was a Kepre-\\nsentative in Congress from ^Rlichigan irom 1847 to 1851, and served on the\\nCommittee on Commerce; and was elected Governor of Michigan in 1854\\nand 185G. He also held in other years the oflices of postmaster, super-\\nvisor, prosecuting attorney, judge of probate, and brigadier-general of militia.\\nIn 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress from ^lichigan for six years.\\nDied at Oak Grove, Livingston county, Michigan, October 5, 1861.\\nBishop, Levi. He was born in Ilussell, fLxmpden county, ]\\\\Iassachu-\\nsetts, October 15, 1815 received a good common school education in his\\nfifteenth year, he became an apprentice-clerk in a leather manufactory, where\\nhe remained until 1886, when he removed to Michigan, and continued his\\nbusiness for ihur years in Detroit. In 1839, while in the act of firing a\\nsalute, as a member of a volunteer company, he lost his right arm; soon\\nafter that accident he began the study of law, and on comph ting a course\\nof three years was admitted to the bar of IMichigan in 1842 he was elected\\na justice of the peace; and in 1846 he became a member of the Detroit\\nBoard of Education, serving as such twelve years, and much of that time\\nas its i)resident. In 1857 he was elected a Regent of the State University,\\nholding the position for six years and in 1860 he visited Europe, and\\nenjoyed the advantages of being a good French scholar. Always a hard\\nstudent, and earnestly devoted to his profession, he occasionally delivered\\na lecture on literary topics and amused himself by writing poetry in 1864\\nhe jiublished a poem entitled The Dignity of Labor, and in 1870, in very\\nsuperior style, a more ambitious work in twenty-eight cantos, entitled Teu-\\nchsa Grondie dev()ted to the romantic Indian lore of the river Detroit,\\nand surrounding country.\\nBlackmax, Daniel. He was born in Newtown, Fairfield county,\\nConnecticut, December 31, 1821 received an academical education, and\\nas his oj)portunities would permit taught a country school and, having\\nstudied law, was admitted to the bar at Fairfield in 1845. For six years\\nthereafter he practiced his profcssi(jn in Danbury, and in 1851 he removed\\nto ^lichigan, and located himself in Cassopolis. On the death of Nathaniel\\nBacon, of Niles, who died in November, 1869, he was nominated to fill the\\nvacancy as judge of the Circuit Court of the second circuit, on a people s\\nticket, and, although a Democrat in politics, he was duly elected.\\nBlair, Austin. Was born in Caroline, Tompkins county, New York,\\nFebruary 8, 1818; graduated at Union College in 1839 studied law, and,\\nremoving to Michigan, practiced the professitm in that State. After hold-\\ning the local offices of county clerk of EiUon county, and prosecuting attor-\\nney f )r Jackson county, he was elected t; the Legislature, and afterwards\\nto the Senate of the State; was Governor of Michigan from 1861 to 1865,\\nand took an important part in assisting to put down the rebellion; and in\\n1866 he was elected a Representative from tiiat State to the Fortieth Con-\\ngress, serving ou the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Rules, and Militia.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "422 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nHe was also re-elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serv-\\ning, during the former, on important committees. He resides in the city of\\nJackson.\\nBoise, James R. He was for ten years or more professor of Greek in\\nthe University of IMichigan after wliich he removed to Illinois, and held a\\nsimilar position in the University of Chicago. He is the author of several\\ntext-books for colleges, among which is a Gfeek Prose Composition, adapted\\nto the first book of Xenophon s Anabasis, which was well received by the\\nlearned public. Further particulars, the compiler has been unable to pro-\\nBoNAVENTURE, FATHER. He was a priest of the order of St. Francis;\\nserved as a missionary on the Detroit station in the forepart of the eigh-\\nteenth century; gave the name of St. Anne to the French parish at Detroit,\\nand also to the old French church, which long stood a memorable relic of\\na former age on the site of the present French church in the same city.\\nFurther information respecting his life has been sought for in vain.\\nBradley, Edward. He Avas born in East Bloomfield, Ontario county,\\nNew York, in April, 1808 spent his boyhood on a farm when twenty-\\neight years of age he was appoined Associate Judge of the Common Pleas\\nof that county; in 1839 he removed to Michigan, and ejigaged in the prac-\\ntice of law; in 1842 he was elected to the Senate of ]\\\\Iichigan and was a\\nRepresentative from that State to the Thirtieth Congress. He died in New\\nYork city, while on a tour for the benefit of his health, August 5, 1847.\\nBrady, Hugh. He was born in Northumberland county, Pennsylva-\\nnia, in 1768 entered the army as an ensign in 1792 served as a lieutenant\\nunder General Wayne in his campaign against the Indians on thelMaumee;\\nwas made a lieutenant in 1794 a captain in 1799 and as a colonel dis-\\ntinguished himself at the battles of Ch ppeway and Niagara Falls, in the\\nlast of which he was wounded in 1822 he was promoted to the ranlc of\\nbrigadier general for ten years faithful service. He also took part in the\\nwar with Mexico, and for meritorious conduct he was made a major general\\nin 1848. He was for many years stationed in Detroit, and died in that city\\nApril 15, 1851, universally regretted. A township in the State, as well as\\na fort at the Saute de Ste. Marie, were named after him. The inmiediate\\ncause of his death was an accident, by which he was injured, while riding\\nhis iiorse, whose feet became entangled in a roll of wire. He left a manu-\\nscript journal of his services and adventures while with General Wayne,\\nwhich has been pronounced of great value.\\nBrock, Isaac. He was born in the island of Guernsey October 6,\\n1709 educated at Rotterdam and in his fifteenth year he became, by", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 423\\npurchase, an ensign in the British army. By the year 1799 he had risen to\\nthe rank of lieutenant cohjnel and distinguished himself in Holland, where\\nhe was wounded. In 1801 he was on duty in the Baltic, and in 1802 sailed\\nfor Canada in 1S06, as colonel, he was ])laced in command of troops in the\\ntwo Provinces of Canada; and in 1810 he hecame a major general. The\\ncrowning event of his life, as claimed ])y Henry J. INIorgan, was his visit to\\nAndicrstburg with two hundred and fifty militia and the taking of Detroit\\nin 1812, and for Avhich service he was made a Knight of the Bath but the\\ngreatness of this exploit was considerably modified by Sir Allan ISIcNab in\\n1859, when he confessed that it was on account of the imposing advance\\nof Brock on Detroit that the terrified garrison, the fort, the guns, and mu-\\nnitions of war were all surrendered at Detroit. He was a man of many\\nn()l)lc personal qualities, and th(tugh unfortunate in losing his life at the\\nbattle ofQueenstown on the loth of October, 1812, a monument was erected\\nto his memory on the banks of the St. Lawrence, and he is remember^^d by\\nthe people of Canada with high regard and affection\\nBrooke, George Mercer. He was born in Virginia and entered the\\narmy from that State as First Lieutenant in 1808 and from 1842 to 1845\\nhe was on duty in IMichigan at the Detroit Barracks, with which city he\\nwas closely identified, both officially and socially. He served under Gene-\\nral Scott in the war with Great Britain, and was promoted in 1814 to the\\nrank of Brevet Colonel for his gallantry at Fort Erie, where he was wound-\\ned in 1824 he was nuide a Brigadier General by brevet for ten years faith-\\ni lil services in the Northwest aiul in Florida; and in 1848, for inijiortant\\nduties performed in connection with the jMexican war, he was promoted to\\nthe rank of Brevet Major General. It was while serving on the Northern\\nfrontier that he performed an act of rare heroism. The American and Eng-\\nlish armies were facing each other, and one night it was found that the lat-\\nter were erecting a battery. Precisely where, none could tell, and then it\\nwas that Lieut. Brooke took a lantern under his arm, threw a cloak over\\nhis shoulders, and went in j)ursuit of the battery, leaving directions behind\\nhim that when the comnumding officer saw his lamp in the top of a tree he\\nmight open fire. He succeeded in his plan, and in a moment after he had\\ndescended from the tree the iron hail was poured into the British works, and\\nthey were abandoned. He was the first man to establish a fort in Florida\\nin 1824, which bore a conspicuous part in the operations against the Semi-\\nnolcs, and was named by the Government to his honor. During the war\\nwith Mexico he was stationed at New Orleans, and performed a very im-\\nportant part in forwarding troops and munitions of war. He died at San\\nAntonio, Texas, March 9, 1851 and when General Lorenzo Thomas was\\narranging the National Cemeteries after the rebellion, he found the grave\\nof his old friend General Brooke in a dilapidated condition, and had the\\nremains renu)ved to a more suital)le spot, which is now marked by an ap-\\npropriate monument. General Brooke was a most accom])lished gentleman,\\nand a great lover of angling, and, by way of anuising himself, invented a\\njieculiar kind offish hook, which has been quite popular with the piscatorial\\nfraternity. During a part of his service at Detroit there was a British re-\\ngiment stationed on the opposite side of the river, with which his men had\\ncrossed bayonets during the war, and he was very popular with the British\\nofficers. So much so, indeed, that when the British regiment was ordered\\nhome from Canada the officers invited him to a last dinner in Quebec, which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "424 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe accepted, and then they presented him with a valuable watch in a gold\\nbox.\\nBrown, Charles R. He was bom in Columbia, Lorain county, Ohio,\\nin 1836 educated at the Baldwin University was for a time Principal of\\nthe Freedom Academy, in Portage county and in 1855 commenced the\\npublication of a paper in Cuyahoga county called Pure Gn7, which was not\\nsuccessful. He subsequently studied law, and in 1860 he removed to J\\\\Iich-\\nigan and settled in Ht. Josepli, Berrien county. Not long afterwards he\\nwas elected a Circuit Court Commissioner in 1866 he was elected to the\\nLegislature; in 1867 he removed to Kalamazoo; and in April, 1869, he was\\nelected a Judge of the Ninth Judicial Circuit. He is the editor of a monthly\\nperiodical entitled Reports of Cases, tried and determined at Nisi Prius, in\\nthe Circuit Courts of Michigan.\\nBrown, Daniel. He was born in Lexington, Massachusetts, in the\\nyear 1775 spent some years in Windsor, Vermont, serving in the Legisla-\\nture and afterwards located in the State of New York, where he held many\\noffices of trust and honor. In 1826 he took up his residence in Ann Arbor,\\nMichigan, when the site of the city was almost an unbroken wilderness.\\nTo his forethought, energy, and public spirit was the place indebted for\\nthe first impulse in its career of prosperity he was for fifty years a promi-\\nnent member of the jMasonic fraternity and after a useful and honorable\\nlife he died at Ann Arbor in 1857.\\nBuEL, Alexander \\\\V. Was born in Rutland county, Vermont, in\\n1813; graduated at Middlebury College in 1830; taught school for several\\nyears in Vermont and New York, during which i)eri()d he prepareil him-\\nself for the practice of the law. In 1834 he took up his residence in ]\\\\lich-\\nigan in 1836 was attorney for the city of Detroit; in 1837 was elected to\\nthe State Legislature in 1848 and 1844 was prosecuting attorney for Wayne\\ncounty in 184? was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of\\nthe Lower House in 1848; and from 1849 to 1851 was a Representative in\\nCongress from ]\\\\lichigan, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign\\nAfiairs. Died in Detroit April 17, 1868.\\nBurt, William A. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, June\\n13, 1792; after receiving a good education in the State of New York, he\\nstudied surveying and nautical astronomy, and was for several years em-\\nployed as an engineer in the county of Erie. In 1824 he removed to\\nMichigan, locating near Detroit, where he was engaged in surveying and\\nmill building, and served several terms in the Council of the Territory, and\\nenjoying the friendship of General Cass. In 1832 he received from Gov-\\nernor Porter the appointment of District Surveyor was appointed a Deputy\\nSurveyor for the United States, and originated the idea which led to the\\ninvention of the solar comj^ass, which became a great success, and was\\nhighly appreciated by the scientific world. Between 1840 and 1847 he", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 425\\nwas employed in surveying the northern peninsula of Michigan, and intro-\\nduced u variety of important improvements in connection with his inven-\\ntion of the solar compass and the modes of geological surveying in 1844:\\nand 1845 he was associated with Douglass Houghton in his scientiiic\\nlabors, and his discoveries had an in)])ortant bearing (m the developement\\nof the mineral treasures of northern jNlichigan. In 1851 he visited Europe,\\nand for his compass I eceived from the Industrial Exhibition of London a\\nprize medal. In 185G he obtained patents in the United States, England,\\nFrance, and Belgium for an eipiatorial sextant, l)ut he was not ])ermitted\\nto bring it to perfection before his untimely death, which occurred on the\\n18th of August, 1858. During his long residence in ^lichigan he was\\ncalled upon to fill many positions of trust and honor, among which were\\nCommissioner of Internal Improvement, Judge of the Circuit Court, and\\nmember of the State Legislature for several terms and when he died he\\nleft a spotless reputation. He was also one of the prime movers in the\\nerection of the Saute de Ste. Marie Canal.\\nBusiT, Charles P. He became a citizen of Michigan about the year\\n1837, locating himself in Livingston county; was a Presidential Elector in\\n1845; in 1847 he removed to the town of Lansing, of which he was one of\\nthe founders was elected a member of the State Senate, and exercised a\\nprominent influence in procuring the removal of the seat of Government,\\nand by his energy and business capacity acquired a handsome fortune. He\\nwas a ready debater, very much of a ])olitician, and was a member of the\\nConstitutional Convention of 1850. He died at Lansing July 4, 1857, in\\nthe forty-ninth year of his age.\\nCadillac, Antoine de La Motte. This man was the founder of\\nDetroit, and the Cass manuscripts, which were edited and publislied by\\nMrs. E. M. Sheldon, in 1856, contain a very full account of his operations\\non the soil of Michigan. Not long after his first arrival in Canada from\\nFrance he received the title of Lord of Mount Desert, and having revisited\\nEurope, he came out into the wilderness again, and, as the personal friend\\nof Louis XIV., he was made Commandant of Affairs in lGi)G of the Lake\\ncountry, and on the 24tli of Jidy, 1701, arrived at Detroit with fifty soldiers\\nand fifty Canadian traders and canoemen and two missionaries, and pro-\\nceeded at once to build a fort, which he named in honor of Pontchartrain,\\nthe French Colonial ]\\\\Iinister. Its avowed object was to secure to France\\nthe immense fur trade of the Northwest. He was a zealous Roman Cath-\\nolic, but opposed to the Jesuits, and as that order held the reins of (iovern-\\nment in Canada, he and his immediate f)llowers had anything but a jieaceful\\ntime. Pie first visited the Lake country in KJitO, and was for several years\\nstationed at J\\\\lackinaw, and as he remained at Detroit until 1711, he must\\nhave spent about fifteen years in the Territory. He was a bold, ambitious,\\nand enthusiastic man, had a kind heart, but arbitrary manners, and was\\nthe possessor of more than ordinary literary abilities. Various letters which\\nhe wrote to the Home Government, from Detroit, contain many very inter-\\nesting particulars respecting the country and the people of that early time.\\nWith his commission as Commandant he received a tract of land, fifteen\\nacres square, wherever on the Detroit the new fort should be established.\\n2 A", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "426 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCampbell, Henky Munroe. He was born in Stillwater, Saratoga\\ncounty. New York, September 10, 1783. In 1810 he removed to Buffalo,\\nwhere he resided until May, 1826, when he removed to Detroit, with which\\nplace he was subsequently identified, and where he died in January, 1842.\\nMost of his life was spent in business. During the War of 1812 he served\\nas Lieutenant of a volunteer artillery company, organized in Buffalo. He\\nwas instrumental in getting up the parish of St. Paul s Church, Buffalo, and\\nwas also constantly warden or vestryman of St. Paul s, Detroit. He was\\nactive in organizing the Episcopal Church in Michigan into a diocese in\\n1833 and 1844, and was one of the first delegates to the General Conven-\\ntion in 1835, and was for many years a member of the standing committee\\nof the diocese. He was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at various\\ntimes, both in New York and Michigan, and, as such, acquired an exalted\\nreputation.\\nCampbell, James V. He was born in Buffalo, New York, February\\n25, 1823, and was the son of Henry Munroe Campbell, with whom he I e-\\nmoved to Detroit in 1826. He graduated at St. Paul s College, Long Is-\\nland, in July, 1841; admitted to the bar in 1844; elected to the (First\\nIndependent) Supreme Court of Michigan in March, 1857, (the term\\nbeginning January, 1858,) and was re-elected in 1863. In 1859, upon the\\noi ganization of the Marshall Professorship in the University of JNIichigan,\\nhe was appointed to that position: and the other offices which he has filled\\nhave always been connected with his profession or the educational interests\\nof the State.\\nCarver, Jonathan. He was born in Stillwater, Connecticut, in\\n1732 after serving as a captain in the old French war, became enamored\\nof a wayward and wandering life and spent several years travelling\\nthrough the interior parts of North America, a portion of which time he\\nspent in Detroit and Michiliraacinac. In 1778 an account of his travels\\nwas published in London, where he died in great poverty in 1780. His life\\nwas written by Dr. Lettsom, and it was in consequence of his account of Car-\\nver s ill-requited labors fjr the English Government, that the Literary\\nFund was established. A portion of his interesting book of travels, de-\\nscribed with considerable minuteness the country now occupied by the\\nStates of Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, and a few years\\nago, a mutilated edition of his volume Avas published in New York as a\\ndescription of Wisconsin.\\nCass, Lewis. Born in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1782.\\nHaving received a limited education in his native place, at the early age\\nof seventeen he crossed the Alleghany Mjuntains on foot, to seek a home\\nin the Great AVest, then an almost unexplored wilderness. Settled at\\nMarietta, Ohio he studied law, and was successful. Elected at twenty-\\nfive to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill which arrested the\\nproceedings of Aaron Burr, and, as stated by I\\\\Ir. Jefferson, was the first\\nblow given to what is known as Burr s conspiracy. In 1807 he was ap-\\npointed by Mr. Jefferson jNIarshal of the State, and held the office till the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 427\\nlatter part of 1811, when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on the\\nfrontier. He was elected colonel of tlie od regiment of Ohio volunteers, and\\nentered the military service of the United States at the commencement of\\nthe war of LSl i. Having l)y a difficult march reached Detroit, he urged\\nthe immediate invasion of Canada, and was the author of the j)roclamation\\nof that event. He was the first to land in arms on the enemy s shore, and,\\nwith a small detachment of troops, fought and won the first hattle, that of\\nthe Tarontoe. At the suhsequeut capitulation of Detroit he was ahsent ou\\nimportant service, and regretted that his command and himself had heea\\nincluded in tliat ca])itulation. Liberated on parole, he repaired to the seat\\nof Government to report the causes of the disaster, and the failure of the\\ncampaign. Pie was immediately apjxnnted a colonel in the regular army,\\nand, soon after, })romoted to the rank of brigadier-general, having in the\\nmeantrme been elected major-general of the Ohio volunteers. On being\\nexchanged and released from parole, he again repaired to the frontier, and\\njoined the army for the recovery of IMichigan. Being at that time without\\na command, he served and distinguished himself as a volunteer aide-de-\\ncamp to (Jcneral Harrison at the battle of the Thames. He was a])pointed\\nby President Madison, in October, 181. Governor of IMichigan. His posi-\\ntion combined, with the ordinary duties of chief magistrate of a civilized\\ncommunity, the immediate management and control, as superintendent, of\\nthe relations with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in that region\\nof country. He conducted with success the affairs of the Territory under\\nend^arrassing circumstances. Under his sway peace was preserved between\\nthe whites and the treacherous and disaifected Indians, law and order estab-\\nlished, and the Territory rapidly advanced in ])()pulation, resources, and\\nprosperity. He held this position till July, 1831, when he was, by Presi-\\ndent Jackson, made Secretary of AVar. In the latter part of 1836 President\\nJackson appointed him Minister to France, where he remained until 1842,\\nwhen he requestetl his recall, and returned to this country. In January,\\n1845, he was elected by the Legislature of ]\\\\Iichigan to the Senate of the\\nUnited States; which place he resigned on his nomination, in May, 1848,\\nas a candidate for the Presidency by the political i)arty to which he be-\\nlonged. After the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that office,\\nthe Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected him to the Senate f )r the\\nunexpired portion of his original term of six years. When ^Ir. Buchanan\\nbecame President, he invited General Cass to the head of the Department\\nof State, which position he resigned in December, 1860. He devoted some\\nattention to literary pursuits, and his writings, speeches, and State papers\\nwould make several volumes among which is one entitled France, its\\nKing, Court, and Government, published in 1840. He died in Detroit,\\nJune 17, 1866, and will long be remembered as the most eminent and suc-\\ncessful statesman of Michijran.\\nChandler, ZAcnARiAn. Born in Bedford, N ew Hampshire, Decem-\\nber 10, 1813; received an academical education; was bred a merchant, and\\nwas eminently successful in that business in Detroit was mayor of Detroit,\\nMichigan, in 1851 defeated candidate for Governor of ^lichigan in 1852;\\nand a Senator in Congress from INIichigan, having succeeded Senator Cass\\nin that capacity, and taking his seat in the Tiiirty-fit th Congress, serving\\nas a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and chairman\\nof the Committee on Commerce. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1863,\\nfor the term ending in 1869, serving ou the Committees on llevolutiouary", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "428 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nClaims and on Mines and Mining, and again as chairman of the Committee\\non Commerce. He took a special interest in all measures for the suppres-\\nsion of the rebellion and was a member of the National Committee ap-\\npointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; also a\\ndelegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention of 1866. In 1869\\nhe Avas again re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1875.\\nChapman, William. He was born in Charles county, INIaryland,\\nJanuary 22, 1810, and graduated at the West Point Academy in 1831.\\nThe first two years of his military life were spent at Fort Mackinaw, and\\nin 1841 he was returned to that post, and renuiined about five years, when\\nhe was promoted to the rank of captain after which he was stationed at\\nFort Howard on Green Bay, and which place has ever since been his nom-\\ninal residence. Prior to his last service in Michigan he was attached to\\nthe Black Hawk expedition in 1832 was an assistant instructor of infantry\\ntactics at the West Point Academy from 1832 to 1833; and adjutant of\\nthe 5th infantry. Just before the breaking out of the war with Mexico he\\nwas in military occupation of Texas, and having at once gone to the field,\\nwas engaged in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca-de-la-Palma, jSIonterey,\\nVera Cruz, Cherubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chepultepec; and he was also\\npresent at the capture of San Antonio and the City of Mexico. For gallant\\nand meritorious conduct at these various places he received two promotions.\\nAfter the war with Mexico he was in active service in New York, Texas,\\nFlorida, Utah, New Mexico, and various parts of the Indian Territory; and\\non the breaking out of the rebellion, he served with honor with the Army\\nof the Potomac at Yorktown, Malvern Hill, Harrison s Landing, ]Manassas,\\nand for meritorious services at Bull Run received another promotion, that\\nof brevet colonel. In 1863 he was retired from active service for disability,\\nresulting from hmg and faithful service, and disease contracted in the line\\nof duty. He was subsequently on special duty in Washington, and member\\nof a Board for examining officers for pnmiotion in the army; since which\\ntime he has been unemployed at his residence on Green Bay.\\nCiiARLEVoix, Peter Francis Xavier de. He was born at St. Quen-\\ntin in 1682, educated as a Jesuit, and in 1721, under the auspices of the\\nFrench Government, made a tour through the Great Lakes, and down the\\nIllinois and Mississipj)i rivers to New Orleans. He spent a considerable\\ntime within the Territory now known as Michigan, and described in lan-\\nguage of rare beauty numy phases of its scenery. After his return to France\\nhe published a description of his travels, and also a general history of New\\nFrance, bi^th of which works were eminently successful in the original as\\nwell as in manifold English translations. He died in 1761.\\nCiiirMAN, Henry. He was born in Vermont in 1785, and after re-\\nceiving a liberal education, adopted the profession of law. When quite\\nyoung he went to South Carolina, and was engaged in the practice of the\\nSroiession in that State untjl 1824, when he was appointed by President\\nlonroe a Judge of the United States for the Territory of Michigan, when", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 429\\nhe removed to Detroit, and from wliich time until his death, wliich oecurrcd\\nabout two years since, in Detroit, lie was one of the most iniluential, culti-\\nvated, and distinguished citizens of the State. In a letter which Governor\\nWoodhridire wrote to the compiler a few years before his death, he spoke\\nof Judge Chipman as a first-class man, and one Avith whonj it had been a\\npleasure to be associated on the bench and the (puditics wliicli character-\\nized Judge Cliipuiau cannot, perhaps, be l)ettcr expressed *tlian in his own\\nlanguage, addressed to tlie compiler, when sj)eaking of Governor Wood-\\nbridge: In his politics he was a disciple of theAVasIiington school, whose\\nprinciphs he had ind)ibed in early life from his association with the founders\\nof the Kepublie and framers of the Federal Constitution. lie was truly\\nnational and conservative in his views and feelings, and always a devoted\\nfriend of the Union. He could never stoop to play the political ])artisau\\nfor his own advancement, but always carried his political opinions as ]iarts\\nof his private conscience; and ])ersonal integrity, and never allowed a dlHi r-\\nence of political opinion to interfere with his social relations or public\\nduties.\\nCiiiPMAX, John S. He was born in Vermont, graduated at IMiddlc-\\nbury College in 1823, and was a Representative in Congress from JMicliigan\\nfrom 1845 to 1847. He subsequently went to California, as we have been\\nfold, and we have been unable to proc\\\\ire any further particulars of his\\nhistorv.\\nCiiRisTiANCY, Isaac P. He was born in Johnstown, New York, in\\nI\\\\Iarch, 1812; received a common-school and academical education, which\\nhe fought for single-handed when thirteen years of age became the main\\nsupport of his father s family, and followed school teaching for their sup-\\nport. In 1835 he began the study of law; in 1836 he removed to\\nMichigan and settled in ]\\\\Ionroe; there completed his legal studies Avith\\nRobert IMcClelland, and in which place he has since resided, prac-\\nticing his profession uninterruptedly from 1838 to 1857. From 1841\\nto 1840 he was Prosecuting Attorney for ^lonroe county; in 1848 he\\nbecame interested in the Free Soil party, and attended the IJuflalo\\nConvention of that year; in 1849 he was elected to the State Senate; in\\n1852 he consented to be the candidate of the Free Soil party for Governor,\\nalthough he knew there was no hope of election at that time; and he was a\\nprime mover in the political combination of 1854, which resulted in the\\norganizati(m of the Republican party, which was not only born in jNIichi-\\ngan, but received its name at a convention held in the city of Jackson.\\nHe was a delegate to tiie Philadelphia onvention of 1850, which nomi-\\nnated Fremont for the Presidency; he then purchased the Monroe Com-\\nviercial, which had been a Democratic paper down to that time, and became\\nits editor; was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate,\\n(made so by his party,) and in 1857 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme\\nCourt of the State, and in 1805 was re-elected for eight years by the unani-\\nmous vote of all parties. He was, of course, a zealous sup|)orter of the war\\nfor the Union, and perf)rmed some service on the staff of General A. A.\\nHum])hrey, as well as that of General G. A. Custer.\\nClakk, Robert. He was born in Washington county. New York, and\\nwas of Scotch descent was a member of the Assembly of that State from", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "430 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n1812 to 1815 a representative in Congress from New York from 1819 to\\n1821, and a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in the\\nlatter year. He subsequently adopted the medical profession, and settled\\nin Monroe, ]Michigan Territory, and by President Monroe was appointed\\nRegister of the Land Office for the Second Land District of said Territory,\\nHe held the office from 1823 to 1832, and during the entire period his inti-\\nmate friend, Charles James Lanman was the Keceiver of Public Moneys,\\nHe carried on an extensive farm, was partial to horticulture, and an\\norchard which he planted and kept in splendid condition for many years\\nhad the reputation of being the most extensive and beautiful in the whole\\nTerritory.\\nClark, Samuel, He was born in New York, and was a Representa-\\ntive in Congress from New York from 1833 to 1835 on removing to ]\\\\Iichi-\\ngan was elected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to\\n1855. He was a resident of Kalamazoo, where he died October 2, 1870.\\nCocker, Benjamin F. He was born in England, and came to this\\ncountry about the year 1850 is the Professor of Philosophy in the Uni-\\nversity of Michigan, a Doctor of Divinity, and is the author of a work on\\nChristianity and the Greek Philosophy, which has acquired a high repu-\\ntation. He revisited his native land about a year ago, and returned to the\\nduties of his position in the University fortified with much new informa-\\ntion, to be used for the benefit of the students who attend his lectures.\\nCole, Henry S. He Avas a native of Canandaigua, New York, and\\nremoved from that place to Detroit in 1827 or 1828. He was a man of\\nculture, a lawyer by profession, to which he was devoted, and in which he\\nwas successful, and distinguished for his rapid dispatch of busine^^s. He\\nwas the successor of Judge Fletcher as Attorney-General of the Territory\\nof Michigan, a courteous and popular man; and he died in Detroit in\\n1836, universally lamented. He had two brothers Thomas G. and Joseph\\nC. who were both honorably identified with Michigan as Territory and\\nState.\\nCole, Thomas G. He was born in Canandaigua, New York, and emi-\\ngrated to the Territory of Michigan about the year 1830, locating at Mon-\\nroe, on the River Raisin, He was a talented and active business man and\\na most courteous gentleman; was one of the first in projecting and carrying\\nforward to successful termination the Detroit, Monroe, and Toledo Rail-\\nroad and was a Director and for some years Superintendent of the ^lichi-\\ngan Southern Railroad. It was chiefly through his agency and liberality\\nthat the Monroe Gazette was established in 1846, and which the present\\nwriter had the honor of editing for a few months after its commencement.\\nHe died at Monroe in 1860. He had a brother, Joseph C. ole, who was\\nat one time postmaster at Monroe, and a man of much literary culture; and\\nanother brother, Henry S, Cole, who was long a leading lawyer in Detroit.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 431\\nCoMis, Ezra. He was elected a member of the Michigan Legislature\\nfrom Calhoun county in 1836, and was the first Speaker chosen under the\\nState Constitution, and he had previously been a member of the Conven-\\ntion which formed the said Constitution. He was also a general in the\\nmilitia service reputed a man of talents and strict integrity. Died in De-\\ntroit in February, 1837.\\nCoMSTOCK, Darius. He was of Quaker parentage, and one of the\\noriginal contractors of the Erie Canal, and a number of the locks at Lock-\\nport were constructed under his supervision. Having made a fortune in\\nthat capacity he emigrated to Michigan, purchased an extensive tract of\\nland in Lenawee county, and founded the village and now the flourishing\\ncity of Adrian. He was a worthy and sagacious man, and took an active\\npart in developing the resources of the State, throughout the length and\\nbreadth of which his name was synonymous with prosperity and enterprise.\\nCoMSTOCK, O. C. He was born in New York in 1784 received a good\\neducation, and prepared himself to officiate as a Baptist preacher; was\\nelected to the New York Assembly in 1810 and I ^Ti; and was a Repre-\\nsentative in Congress from that State from 1S13 to 1S19. He subsequently\\nofficiated as Chaplain of the National House of Representatives and hav-\\ning, after sojourning for a time in Illinois, taken up his residence at JNIar-\\nshull, IMichigan, remained there until his death, which occurred on the 11th\\nJanuary, IbGO.\\nCoNANT, Shubael. He was for a great many years one of the most\\ninfluential, cultivated, and enterprising citizens of Detroit, and did much\\nby his sagacity as a merchant to promote the prosperity of the city and\\nState. lie emigrated to the West from IMassachusetts had a brother,\\nwho resided on the River Raisin, at I\\\\Ionroe, who was a prominent\\nphysician, and also a man of ability and refinement. Mr. Shubael Conant\\nwas a man of rare judgment, by the exercise of which he acquired a hand-\\nsome property, and stood high as a man of character and benevolence, al-\\nways taking a deep interest in the welfare of Detroit and the entiie State\\nof Michigan. As early as the year 1819 he established, in conjunction with\\ntwo other Detroit citizens, the first grain and saw-mills in the town of Pon-\\ntiac. He was never married, and died in Detroit in 1S65 or 6G, leaving a\\nname which will always be kindly remembered by the older citizens of the\\nState. The writer regrets that he cannot be more particular in his notice,\\nbut if pleasant personal recollections were suited to this place he would\\nhave no trouble iu writing an entire essay. And this remark holds true in\\nregard to nearly all the pioneer citizens whom it is his pleasure to mention\\nin this volume.\\nConger, James L. He was born in New Jersey, and, on removing to\\nMichigan, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1851 to l^^^S. Of\\nhis later history the compiler has been unable to obtain any particulars.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "432 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nConger, Omar D. He was born in Cooperstown, Otsego county, New\\nYork, in 1818 removed with his father, who was a elergyiuan, to Huron\\ncounty, Ohio, in 1824 graduated in l!^42 at the Western Reserve College\\nfrom 1845 to 1847 he was employed in the Geological Surveys of Lake Su-\\nperior; and in 1848 he settled at Port Huron, Michigan, in the ])ractice of\\nlaw. In 1850 he was elected Judge of St. Clair county; was a Senator in\\nthe State Legislature from 1855 to 1859, during the latter year serving as\\nPresident ro cm. was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of l ^64;\\nalso a Presidential Elector at the ensuing election in 1865, and messenger\\nfrom INIichigan to carry the vote to Washington in 1866 he was a member\\nof the State Constitutional Convention and in 1868 he was elected a Rep-\\npresentative from Michigan to the Forty-first Congress, serving on several\\ncommittees, but especially the Committee on Commerce. He resides at Port\\nHuron, and was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.\\nCooLEY, Thomas M. He was born at Attica, New York, January 6,\\n1824; studied law in Palmyra removed to Michigan in 1843 completed\\nhis legal studies at Adrian, where he was admitted to the bar in 1^46 and\\nspent the two following years practicing his profession in Tecumseh, after\\nwhich he settled permanently in Adrian. In 1857 he was appointed by the\\nLegislature to compile the General Statutes of Michigan, which were duly\\npublished in two volumes in 1858 he was appointed Reporter of the Su-\\npreme Court, held the position until 1864, and published eight volumes of\\nReports in 1850 he was made Jay Professor of Law in the Univert^ity of\\nMichigan, which office he holds at the present time in 1866 he published a\\nDigest of JNIichigan Reports; and in 1868 (through Little, Brown Co.) a\\nTreatise on the Constitutional Limitations which rest upon the Legislative\\nPower of the States of the American Union, which work has been emi-\\nnently successful. In 1864 he was elected a Justice of the Su})reme Court\\nby 17,000 majority, and in 1869 re-elected by a majority of more than 30,000\\nfor the term which ends in 1878. Notwithstanding the pressure of his pub-\\nlic duties, he has found time to prepare for early publication a new edition\\nof Blackstone and among the important cases which have been decided\\nsince he went upon the bench are, first, one declaring the Military Suffrage\\nAct unconstitutional; and another declaring Railroad Subscriptions void\\nboth of which have been extensively discussed by the public at large. The\\npresent residence of Judge Cooley is in Ann Arbor.\\nCooper, George B. Born at Long Hill, Morris county, New Jersey,\\nJune 6, l80S received a good common-school education removed to Mich-\\nigan in 1830; served in the two Houses of the State Legislature; served\\ntwo tei-ms as State Treasurer of Michigan held the position of Postmaster\\nat Jackson for eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treasurer and\\nwas elected a Representative from INIichigan to the Thirty-sixth Congress.\\nHis seat, however, was contested by William A. Howard, and before the\\nclose of the first session the latter was admitted.\\nCrapo, Hexry H. He was born in Dartmouth, Mass., ^May 24,\\n1804 resided for many years in New Bedford, from which place he re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. 433\\nmoved to Michigan in 1857 became extensively engaged in the manufac-\\nture and sale of lumber was for a time Mayor of Flint, where he resided\\nserved in the State Senate; and was twice elected Governor of the State\\nin 1 G4 and 1^66 performing important services during the progress of\\nthe llehelliun, all of which the reader will find fully set forth in that por-\\ntion of this volume devoted to the part which Michigan took in the war for\\nthe Union. Died in Flint. July 23, 1869.\\nCrary, Isaac E. He was born in Preston, New London county, Con-\\nnecticut received a good English education, and then graduated at an east-\\nern College adopted the profession of law, and removed to the Territory of\\nMichigan; was there appointed a General of Mililia; was elected a liele-\\ngate to Congress from tlic Territory in l!^35 and I ^oG; was a Delegate to\\nthe State Constitutional Convention of l! o5, and drew up the article which\\npassed into a law creating the office o^ Superintendent of Public Instruction\\nalso a Regent of the State University in LS37 and was a Representative\\nin Congress from that State from the time of its admission into the Union\\nin 1^30 to 1S41. He also edited at one time the Democratic Expomider.\\nHe was a member of the Legislature, and chosen Speaker of the Lower\\nHouse in L^4G. He died in Marsiiall, Michigan, May 8, 1.S54, A debate\\nwhich he had on the fh)or of Congress witli Thomas Corwin has passed into\\nthe history of parliamentary novelties.\\nCuster, George A. He was born in New Rumley, Harrison county,\\nOhio, December 5, 1839, but as he identified himself with IMichigan iirst,\\nby commanding her famous brigade of cavalry, and secondly, by becoming\\nthe son-in-law of one of her leading citizens Daniel S. Bacon we submit\\nthe following particulars with pleasure: After acquiring a good education,\\nhe became a school-teacher, and having been appointed to the West Point\\nAcademy, he graduated at that institution in 18G1. He was first assigned\\nto duty in the 2d United States cavalry, f )rmerly commanded by R. E.\\nLee reported liimself for duty to General Scott the day before the battle\\nof Bull Run served on the staff of General Kearney; was with the Army\\nof tiie Potomac, and when General INIi^Clellan was relieved, he was mus-\\ntered out as a Captain and Aid-de-Camp. He then became a personal Aid\\nto General Pleasanton, and for meritorious services was made a Brigadier-\\nGeneral of volunteers, and assigned to the command of the ^Michigan bri-\\ngade, which distinguished itself at Gettysburg. He participated in the\\nbattle of the Wilderness, and for his services in the Shennandoah Valley he\\nwas complimented in an order of the War Department. He was a warm\\npersonal friend and important assistant of (leneral Sheridan, who, although\\nten years his senior, when once in trouble on the field of battle, sighed for\\nthe help of old Custer; and in a letter to Mrs. Custer, accompanying the\\ntable, sent as a present, on which were signed the terms of surrender of the\\nVirginia army, inider (icneral R. E. Lee, he said: No j)erson was more\\ninstrumental in bringing about this most desirable result than your most\\ngallant husband. General Custer was promoted to the rank of Major-\\nGeneral of volunteers accompanied General Sheridan to the Department\\nof the Gulf after the war; was on important duty in Texas and in 18G6\\nwas mustered out of the volunteer service and returned to resume his posi-\\ntion in the regular army. It is said of him that he never lost a gun or\\n2 B", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "434 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncolor, but captured more guns, flags, and prisoners than any other General\\nnot an array commander. After the war he was sent as a delegate to the\\nUnion Convention of Philadelphia, and also to the Soldiers Convention of\\nCleveland, since which time he has taken no part in politics.\\nDablon, Claude. He was a Jesuit missionary, a personal friend and\\ncompanion of Father Marquette, and an account of his labors on the Upper\\nLakes is contained in the Jesuit Relation of 1671. He was Superior of the\\nMissions in that region, and an earnest and hard-working man. He took\\npart in an expedition for the survey of Lake Superior, which resulted in a\\nvaluable and curious map of the region, and made this report in regard to\\nthe copper mines: A day s journey from the head of the lake on the south\\nside there is a rock of copper, weighing from six hundred to eight hundred\\npounds, lying on the shore, where any who pass may see it; and he further\\nspeaks of the great copper boulders found in the bed of the river Ontonagan.\\nHis j:)rincipal fields of operation as a missionary were at the Saute de Ste.\\nMarie and at the head of Green Bay. He was the man who said that the\\nregion of Green Bay Avas an earthly paradise, but that the way to it was as\\ndifficult as the path to heaven alluding to the rapids of Fox river. With\\nregard to the name of Michigan, he wrote it Mitchiganon and in speaking\\nof the success which had attended his labors as a missionary, in conjunc-\\ntion with those of Allouez and Marquette, he rejoiced that his holy faith\\nwas established among the Indian tribes; and he had good hope that they\\nwould soon carry it to the famous river called the Mississippi, and perhaps\\neven to the South Sea.\\nDesnoyers, Peter. He was born in France in 1773 came from\\nParis to America in 1790; lived atGallipolis a number of years, and after-\\nwards in Pittsburg, from which place he removed to Detroit in August,\\n1796, where he resided until his death. In consequence of his loyjvlty as\\nan American citizen, he received a douation of land on the river Detroit,\\nunder an act of Congress passed in 1807 was subsequently United States\\nMarsluil for the Territory; also. State Treasurer iu 1839 and during his\\nlong residence in Detroit was considered one of the most influential men of\\nthe city, as well as a leading spirit among the French population.\\nDewey, James Stoddard. He was born in Broome county. New\\nYork, December 21, 1832; removed with his father to Lapeer county,\\nMichigan, in 1838; and he was educated at the Miami University, in Ohio,\\nwherchis uncle, Dr. O. N. Stoddard, was Professor of Chemistry and the\\nNatural Sciences. After graduating in 1S5S, he returned to ^lichigan, and\\nsettled in Pontiac for about one year he was an assistant principal in a\\nUnion School next studied law, and, on being admitted to the bar, was\\nclerk in the office of Judge M. E. Crofoot, and became his partner in busi-\\nness, continuing that connection until 1863. In 1^64 he was elected City\\nJustice of Pontiac; in 1866 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court for\\nthe Sixth Circuit, to fill the unexpired term of Judge Sandford M. Green,\\nresigned, and was subsequently re-elected for the full term of six years from\\nthe 1st of January, 1870, iu which position he still continues.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 435\\nDobbins, Daxiel. He was l)()rn in i\\\\rifflin county, Pennsylvania,\\nJuly 5, 177G, and vi^^ited Lake Erie with a party of s^urveyons us early as\\n179G. He was with General Wayne, at Presque Isle, at the time of liis\\ndeath, and became a resident of that locality, where lie was distinguished\\nas a navigator of the Great Lakes. He was at Mackinaw with his vessel,\\nthe Salina, when that place was captured by the British in 1812, and though\\ntaken prisoner, was paroled. He was again made a prisoner at Detroit,\\nand again paroled, but now unconditionally. He was very efficient in fit-\\nting out the squadron at Erie, and was in the expedition, under Commodore\\nSinclair, that attempted to retake Mackinaw. After the war he was in com-\\nmand of a vessel called the Wanhlugf on, and in 1 S1(3 conveyed troops in her\\nto Green Bay, she having been the first vessel built by civilized man that\\nentered that harbor. Having a commission in the navy as captain, he was\\nordered to sea in 1826, when he resigned his position, but remained in the\\nemploy of the Government. In 1820 President Jackson appointed him\\ncommander of a Pevenue Gutter, and he finally retired from the service in\\n184i); and he died February 2!), l-Sol). He was held in high repute by\\nComnuinder Perry, whom he greatly assisted in his operations on Lake\\nErie and a small cluster of islands in Green Bay is known by his name.\\nDoty, James D. He was l^orn in New York, and after preparing\\nhimself lor the bar, removed to jNIichigan, where, for many years betook\\npart in the affairs of the State. He was for many years United States\\nJudge for Northern Michigan, also, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. From\\n1839 to 1841 he was a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Wisc(m-\\nsin; Governor of the Territory from 1841 to 1844; and a Representative to\\nCongress from 1849 to 1853. In 18G4 he was appointed by President Lin-\\ncoln Governor of Utah, of which Territory he had previously been Treas-\\nurer and he died there in 1865, leaving in Michigan a large number of\\nattached friends.\\nDriggs, John F. Was born in Kinderhook, New York, March 3d,\\n1813; was apprenticed to a mechanical business connected with building\\nin New York city, and was a master-mechanic until 1850; in 1844 he was\\nappointed Superintendent of the New York Penitentiary, holding the office\\none year; settled in East Saginaw, Michigan, in 1856 was President of that\\nvillage in 1858 during the two folIt)wing years he was a member of the\\nMicliigan Legislature and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from\\nMichigan to tlie Thirty-eighth C.)ngress, and was a member of the Commit-\\ntee on the Public Lands; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving\\non the C(mimittees on Invalid Pensions. INIines and Mining, and Public\\nLands. He was also a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Conven-\\ntion of 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress.\\nDuFFiELD, George. He was born in Strasburg, Lancaster county,\\nPennsylvania, July 4, 1794, his father and grandfather having both been\\nhonorably itlentified with the history of his native State. He graduated at\\nthe University of Pennsylvania in 1811; subsequently studieil four years\\nat the Theological Seminary of New York; in 1815 he was called to the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "436 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPresbyterian Church in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he remained a num-\\nber of years next spent two years as Pastor of the Fifth Presl)yterian\\nChurch of Philadelphia; one year at the Broadway Tabernacle in New\\nYork and in 1838 he removed to Michigan and became the Pastor of the\\nFirst Presbyterian Church of Detroit. From that time until his death, on\\nthe 26th of June, 1868, he continued in that relation, having for an assistant\\nfor three years the Rev. William A. McCorkle. A full review of his life, it has\\nb aen said, would embrace a large share of the history of the Presbyterian\\nChurch in the United States for 30 years, and include many educational and\\nscientific questions of the same period and would fill volumes. He always\\ntook an interest in the State University, and was twice appointed a llegent\\nof the same. For well nigh the third of a century he was a bright and\\nshining light in the religious world; he was distinguished for his industry;\\nwithout neglecting the prime business of his life, that of preaching the truths\\nof the Bible, he devoted much attention to agriculture and geology, and\\nmade himself master of nine languages besides his own he was a true pa-\\ntriot, and sent two of his sons to the battle-field during the war for the\\nUnion. During the entire period of his residence in Michigan he identified\\nhimself with all the educati mal and religious interests of his adopted State\\nand the beautiful city in which he lived and on the second day before his\\ndeath, and while deliveiing an address before the Young IMen s Christian\\nAssociation, he was stricken down by paralysis, and prepared himself to\\npass away to that rest which is the certain inheritance of the true Christian.\\nDuROCHER, Laurent. He was the son of a French Canadian, and\\nborn at the JMission of St. Genevieve, in Missouri, in 1786. He received a\\ngood collegiate education in JNbmtreal, and in 1805 settled at Frenchtown,\\non the River Raisin. At the beginning of the war in 1812 he joined the\\narmy of General Hull, and after his surrender rendered important services\\nto the Government. When the county of Monroe was organized in 1818 he\\nwas chosen county clerk, and held the ofiice about twenty years. He was\\nfor six years a member of the Territorial Council, and was a member, in\\n1835, of the Convention which framed the first Constitution of the State.\\nHe also served in the Legislature, was a justice of the peace, probate judge,\\ncircuit clerk, and clerk of the city of Monroe, where he died on the 21st of\\nSeptember, 1861. He was an accomplished gentleman in his manners, and\\nduring his hmg public life was the great legal authority among the French\\npopulation on the River Raisin.\\nIn this connection, and for the want of a better place, we may notice the\\nearlier French settlers on the River Raisin. These French families\\ndid not number over fifty, and among the most conspicuous were those of\\nBourdeaux, Duval, Beaubien, Couture, Nadeau, Bannac, Cicot, Campau,\\nJobien, Godfroy, Lassalle, Corsenau, Labodec, Robert, Laci oix, Loranger,\\nSancond), Fourniet, Ferry, (who had served in the Revolution,) and Dau-\\nzette, who was for many years the leading physician of that section of coun-\\ntry. As one who knew tliem well has written to us, they were all among\\nthe first settlers; most of them originally from France, brave, patriotic, and\\nready always to make any sacrifice for the country, and during the war of\\n1812 true and faithful, and of great service to the American army, not only\\nas fighting men, but as pioneers and spies, under the most trying cii-cum-\\nstances, during the whole war.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 437\\nEdmunds, James M. He was born in Niagara county, New York,\\nAugust 23, 1810 received a common scliool and academical education.\\nFrom 1826 until 1831 he was a scliool teacher, and in the latter year he\\nremoved to ISIicIiigan and became a merchant at Ypsilanti. He took an\\ninterest in the schools of that place, and was for ten years an inspector of\\nschools, holding also a number of other local ])ositions. In 1839 he was\\nelected to the State Senate; in 184G to the Lower House; and in 1847 he\\nAvas the Whig candidate for Governor, but not elected. He was a member\\nof the Constitutional Convention of 1851 in 1853 he removed to Detroit\\nand entered extensively into the lumbering business, extending his opera-\\ntions to Saginaw and Tuscola counties. From 1857 to 1861 he was Comp-\\ntroller of Detroit, which office he resigned to become Commissioner of the\\nGeneral Land OlHce in Washington resigning that ])osition in 1866 he was\\nchosen Postmaster of the United States Senate, whicli he resigned in 1869,\\nto accept the office of Postmaster of Washington city, which he still holds.\\nFrom 1855 to 1861 he was Chairman of the Kepublican State Central Com-\\nmittee of Michigan President of the IMichigan Soldiers Relief Association\\nin Washington city from its organization in 1861 and he was also Presi-\\ndent of the National Council of the Union League of America from its or-\\nganization in 1862 to 1869, when he retired from the position.\\nEllis, Edward D. He was a descendant of the Puritans emigrated\\nat an early day from New Enghmd to the Territory of ]\\\\Iichigan, and\\nfor a great many years was a resident of ^lonroe, on the River Raisin, where\\nhe printed and edited a newspaper. He was a man of culture and cxjtau-\\nsive views, and we regret that we cannot give the particulars of his life.\\nThis fact, however, we happen to remember. He was a mend)er of the Con-\\nvention which formed the first Constitution of the State. When a barren\\nenactment was under discussion for establishing libraries in all the town-\\nships in the State without any provision either to secure books or sustain\\nthe libraries, it was Mr. Ellis who proposed and carried through the idea\\nthat all fines imposed fn- the violation of the penal laws throughout the State,\\nand all sums assessed f)r the non-performance of military iluty, should be\\nset aside as a fund for the support of said libraries. The idea was original\\nwith him, and has frequently been mentioned to his credit.\\nEvans, Edward P. He was born in New York December 8, 1834\\nhis father having been born in Wales, and by profession a Presbyterian\\nminister. He removed to Michigan in 1850, and graduated at the State\\nUniversity in 1854. For a year afterwards he had charge of an acad-\\nemy in Mississipi)i, and was then aj)p:)iuted a professor in Carroll College,\\nWisconsin. In 1858 he visited Europe, and studied in the various German\\nUniversities of Gottingen, Berlin, and Munich; spent ten months in Italy\\nand a winter in Paris and London, and in 1862 was appointdl Professor of\\nModern Languages and Literature in the University of .Michigan. Besides\\nW riting for the North American Review and many other leading periodi-\\ncals, he published in 1866 a translation of the Life and Worlcs of Lemng\\nin 1867 a translation of the First Hi.^orlcal Transformations of Christiani-\\nty; and in 1869 an original work on German Literature in the German\\nlauguajre.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "438 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nEmmons, H, H. He was born in New York, and after acquiring the\\nrudiments of a good education at the common-schools, he became an assis-\\ntant in his father s office, who was the editor of a paper he studied law,\\nand was admitted to the bar of that State, and soon afterwards settled in\\nDetroit, where his father had already located himself as a lawyer, and with\\nwhom he became associated in the practice of their profession about the\\nyear 1840. In 1843 his father died, and in the year following Joseph A.\\nVan Dyke became his law partner and although devoted to his profession,\\nin which he had an extensive practice, he paid some attention to politics\\nacquired distinction during a period of commotion in Detroit by defending\\nthe right of an American Protestant clergyman to preach against Cathol-\\nicism, Irish repeal, temperance, or secret societies, or whatever he con-\\nscientiously believed to be injurious to the welfare temporal or eternal of\\nhis fellow-citizens. In 1853 hii^ health became somewhat impaired by\\napplication to business, and he partially retired from active professional\\nlife, although his services have been in frequent demand by the railroad\\ncompanies of the State, whose business he had made a specialty. Early in\\n1870 he was appointed by the President Circuit Judge for the State of\\nMichigan.\\nEvans, Musgrove. For what little we can communicate in regard to\\nthis worthy man we are indebted to an old friend. He emigrated to Michi-\\ngan from Philadelphia about the year 1823, and was a Quaker by educa-\\ntion and principle, and though mild and unpretending in manner, he pos-\\nsessed great physical endurance, had a large and full heart, and nerves of\\nsteel. He was a surveyor by profession, was for a long time in the employ\\nof a French nobleman, who owned laud in the Black river country ol New\\nYork. He was, in conjunction with Wolcott Lawrence and Charles James\\nLanman, the founder of Tecumseh, and gave it its name, and was its first\\npostmaster. From a letter that we have seen, written in 1824, the settle-\\nment of Tecumseh was chiefly concentrated around his own h)g cabins,\\nin which his good wife had to provide for eight children and thirty-six\\nhired men. He had two sons, who were led by the spirit of adventure to\\nthe Republic of Texas, both of whom were killed at the battle of the\\nAlamo, and it is a singular fact that, after he had lost his wife, he emi-\\ngrated to Texas, and died of a fever in the land where his chililren had\\nperished in battle many years before. He was intimately identified with\\nthe early history of Michigan, and will always be remembered with respect\\nby those he left behind.\\nFarmer, John W. He was a kinsman, we believe, of the eminent\\nantiquarian, John Farmer, of New Hamj)shire, and was the publisher of\\nseveral maps of the States of Michigan and Wisconsin. His sectional map\\nof those States alone is sufficient to give him a high rei)utation, and it is\\nWorthy of note that it was engraved by his own hand. He died in Detroit,\\nMarch 24, 1859.\\nFasquelle, Jean Louis. He was born in France, in 1808, and re-\\nmoved to the United States in 1834, engaging in educational pursuits. Pie\\nwas honored with the degrees of F.B. and LL.D., and was Professor of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAxV. 439\\nModern Languages and Literature in the University of jNIichigan from\\n1846 to 18G2, ijcrtorming for two years tlie additional duties of Librarian\\nof the University. In 1854 he published in New York a new method for\\nlearning the French language, thirty thousand copies of which were issued\\nin Enghmd and he was also the author of the following productions, viz:\\nTeleiuaque, witii Notes and Grammatical References The Colloquial\\nFrench lieadcr, Dumas s Napoleon, with Notes, and a General and\\nIdiomatical Dictionary of the French and English Languages. Ilis\\nworks have all been eminently successful. Died in Michigan.\\nFelch, Alpheus. Born in Limerick, York county, Maine, Septem-\\nber 28, 1806. He graduated at Bowdoin College, and adopted the law as\\na profession. He emigrated to ^lichigan when quite young was a mem-\\nber of the State Legislature in 1886 and 1837 was appointed Bank Com-\\nmissioner of Michigan in 1838, and resigned in 1839 for a short time in\\n1842 was Auditor-General of the State, but relinquished that position for a\\nseat on the bench of the Su{)reme Court of JMichigan in 1845 he was\\nelected Governor of Michigan, and having resigned in 1847, was elected a\\nSenator in Congress for six years. He was ap[)oiuted by President Pierce\\none of the Commissioners to settle Land (^Jlaims in California, under the act\\nof Congress and the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in March, 1853; the\\nbusiness of which commission was closed by disposing of all the cases be-\\nfore it in March, 1856, since which time he has lived in retirement in Ann\\nArbor. He was also a deleirate to the Chicairo Convention of 1864.\\nFenton, William M. He was one of the earlier emigrants to the\\ncounty of Genesee, in Michigan, and after taking a leading part in found-\\ning the village of Fentonville, which bears his name, resided there and at\\nFlint for many years, engaged in the practice of law, and holding a num-\\nber of the more important local oHices. Li 1848 he was elected Lieutenant-\\nGovernor of the State, and re-elected in 1850 and 1851. At the commence-\\nment of the rebellion he became a member of the State Military Board, and\\nduring the war took a prominent part in organizing the 8th infantry of\\nvolunteers, which he commanded, and led over such a number of the battle-\\nfields of the country, that it came to be known as the Wandering Kegi-\\nment, and whose services will be found recorded in the preceding pages.\\nFerry, Thomas W. He was born in ^lackinaw, ^lichigan, June 1,\\n1827 was self-educated, and bred to pursuits of business. In 1850 he was\\nelected to the Lower House of the State Legislature; to the State Senate in\\n1856 for eight years he was an active member of the Republican State\\nCommittee; was a delegate at large to the Chicago Convention of i860, and\\nwas one of the vice presidents was appointed in 1863 Commissioner, for\\nMichigan, of the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg; and in 1864\\nhe was elected a Representative from ^Michigan to the Thirty-ninth Con-\\ngress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post lu)ads, the\\nSlilitia, and the War Debt-s of the Loyal States. He was als;) a delegate\\nto the Loyalists Convention held in Philadelphia in 1866 was re-elected", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "440 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nto the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs; and\\nalso re-elected to tiie Forty-first Congress. He resides in Grand Haven;\\nand was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.\\nFerry, William M. He was born in Granhy, Massachusetts, Sep-\\ntember 8, 1796 graduated at Union College, Kew York, in 1817, and after\\nstudying theology with Gardiner Spring, he went as a missionary of the\\nPresbyterian Church to Mackinaw, where he located himself in 1821. He\\nthere established a school for white and Indian children, in which he labored\\nunceasingly for a period of twelve years. His health having failed him, he\\npurchased land in the Grand River Valley, where, with others, he founded\\na settlement, and became extensively engaged in the manufacture of lum-\\nber. His business was so extensive that he shipped to market in one year\\nnot less than fifteen million feet. He died at Grand Haven December 30,\\n1866 or 67, and left bequests for benevolent objects amounting to one hun-\\ndred and twenty thousand dollars.\\nFitch, Chauncey W. He was born in New York, and graduated at\\nMiddlebury College, in Vermont. He was subsequently a student in the\\nTheological Seminary at Alexandria, Virginia, from 1825 to 1828. During\\na part of that period he was a teacher of languages in the Military Gym-\\nnasium of Georgetown, District of Columbia and he was a professor in\\nKenyon College, Ohio, i rom 1829 to 1838. In tlie latter year he removed\\nto INlichigan, and became the principal in the Detroit Branch of the Uni-\\nversity of Michigan, in which position he continued until 1841 in 1842 he\\ntook charge of the Female Seminary in Detroit; and while holding these\\nseveral positions, he performed the duties of liecttjr in various churches\\nuntil 1863. In that year he was appt)iuted hospital chaplain in the volun-\\nteer army of the United States; and as post chaplain, with the rank of\\ncaptain, he was on duty in the vicinity of Detroit until the close of the\\nrebellion.\\nFitzgerald, Thomas. He was a lawyer by profession served with\\ncredit in the war of 1812, under General Harrison was appointed a Re-\\ngent of the State University in 1837 and in 1848 and 1849 was a Senator\\nin Congress from Michigan under the appointment of the Governor. A few\\nyears before entering Congress he was appointed a commissitmer to inquire\\ninto the condition of the wild-cat banks, and his perseverance and industry\\neffectually caused a winding up of these discreditable institutions. Died at\\nNiles, Michigan, March 25, 1^55. Although not a brilliant man, he was\\nan honest politician and a true patriot.\\nFletcher, William A. He was a native of ]\\\\Iassachusetts, where\\nhe was for some years engaged in mercantile pursuits, and settled in IMich-\\nigan about the year 1820. He subsequently studied law, and was f )r many\\nyears one of the most successful lawyers in Detroit, filling with credit i ov a\\ntime the oflice of Attorney-General for the Territory. lu 1835, on the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 441\\nadoption of the first State Constitution, he was appointed Chief Justice of\\nthe Supreme Court, and was employed by the Legislature to prepare the\\nfirst codification of the laws. The Revised Statutes of Michigan, pub-\\nlished in 1S3S, were liis work, and the Legislature made very few changes\\nin his draft of them. On leaving the bench in 1842, he returned to the\\npractice of his profession, and died in Ann Arbor about the year 1855. He\\nwas reputed a man of high character and ability, and of strict integrity.\\nFraser, Alexander D. He was born in Inverness, Scotland, Jan-\\nuary 20, 1796, and was educated at the Inverness Academy. In 1813 he\\nbegan the study of law two years afterwards he removed to Edinburgh,\\nand prosecuted his studies in the office of the Writer to the Signet, and at-\\ntended the law lectures of the University; and in 1819 he sailed for Amer-\\nica and landed at Savannah, Georgia; came to the bar in Alabama, whei e\\nhe spent two years, and then removed to Vincennos, Indiana. He jirac-\\nticed his profession for two years in Indiana and Illinois and in 1823 he\\narrived at Detroit, after a journey performed on horseback and in canoes,\\nwhere he permanently settled, and with which place and the State of\\nIMichigan he has always been honorably identified. He was long a useful\\nand active member of the bar. engaged in many important cases, but\\nperhaps the most important was that knhwu as the Great Conspiracy\\nTrial of 1850, in which the jNIichigan Central railroad was plaintitf, and\\nMr. Frasor the jirosecuting counsel, and the result of which trial was the\\nconviction of twelve men, who, with others, had jdotted the destruction of\\nthe railroad company. In 1856, while engaged in arguing an important\\ncase in the Supreme Court, he instantaneously lost the use of his right eye,\\nby amauroiiis, which compelled him to give up, excepting on special occa-\\nsions, the practice of his profession. Under the advice of his physician, he\\nsoon decided to travel, and embarked for Europe, through Avhich he trav-\\nelled extensively. Alwavs absorbed in the duties and studies of his pro-\\nfession, he had but little time or inclination to hold office; but in 1832 he\\nwas appointed Attorney for the city of Detroit; in 1836 and 1839 he was\\nRecorder of the city, and in 1855 he was appointed one of the Board of\\nWater Commissioners, in which he continues to this day, and the duties of\\nwliich he discharges gratuitously. By common consent, he is to-day looked\\nupon by his colleagues at the bar as the leading lawyer of Michigan and\\nas he is a man of much reading and culture outside of his profession, he\\nhas probably done as much as any other nuiu to foster and ])erpetuate the\\nhistory of the State of Michigan and the city of Detroit, where he is uni-\\nversally respected and venerated.\\nFrieze. Henry S. He is at the present time Acting President of the\\nUniversity of Michigan, Professor of Latin and Latin Literature in the\\nsame, a Doctor of Laws, and the author of several volumes connected with\\nclassical literature. Some years ago he visited Europe, and brought home\\nfor the L^niversity a fine collection of maps and books. Further particu-\\nlars the compiler has beeu unable to procure.\\nGalinee. He was a priest of St. Sulpice, a companion of the dis-\\ncoverer La Salle, and the very first Freuchmau or wliile man who Lj re-\\n2 B", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "442 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncorded to have visited the site of Detroit iu 1670. After parting from La\\nSalle at the head of Ontario, he and a fellow priest, named Dollier, coasted\\nthe southern shore of Lake Erie, and entered the Detroit river. At one of\\ntheir camping places their altar service was washed into the lake, and this\\ncalamity was attributed directly to the Evil One and it so happened that,\\non reaching Detroit, they stumbled upon a stone image, which Galinee be-\\nlieved to be a representation of the Devil, whereupon, in his exasperation,\\nhe demolished the image, and, with the help of his coureurs des bois, buried\\nthe fragments in the river. This man prepared a map of the Great Lakes,\\n(the second ever attempted, for Champlaiu attempted one in 1632,) and,\\naccording to his map, he seems not to have known the fact that Michigan\\nwas a peninsula.\\nGoodwin, Daniel. He was one of the early emigrants to the Terri-\\ntory of Michigan, where he settled himself in the practice of the legal pro-\\nfession. He was for many years the United States District Attorney for\\nMichigan subsequently appointed a District Judge served repeatedly in\\nthe State Legislature was President of the Constitutional Convention of\\n1850 appeared for the People in the great trial of 1851, known as the\\nRailroad Conspiracy Case and is at the present time Judge of the Cir-\\ncuit Court for the Northern. Peninsula of INIichigan.\\nGordon, J. Wright. He was the Lieutenant-Governor of Michigan\\non the ticket Avith William Woodbridge, and when the latter resigned to\\naccept a seat iu the United States Senate, he became the acting Governor.\\nHe was an accomplished gentleman of ability and high character, but after\\nleaving the public service his health became impaired, and he visited South\\nAmerica, and died at Pernambuco, from the effects of an accidental fall\\nfrom a balcony in December, 1853. His jolace of residence was Marshall.\\nIn 1840 the Whigs had possessicm of the State, and when they came to\\nnominate a candidate for the Senate they were divided between Woodbridge\\nand Gordon, but the latter received the regular nomination. The night\\nbefore the joint meeting of the Legislature was to be held for the election\\nof Senator, while INIr. Gordon was enjoying a supper with his friends, a\\ncombination of Whigs and Democrats was made, by which it was agreed\\nthat they Avould support Mr. Woodbridge. The next morning the joint\\nmeeting was held, and Mr. Gordon, as Lieutenant-Governor, ])resided.\\nThe first name called was that of a noted Democrat, and he was heard to\\nrepeat the name of Woodbridge. The AVhigs were astounded, and their\\ncandidate was defeated. The whole scene was one of intense interest, and\\nwas long laughed over by the politicians of Michigan.\\nGranger, Bradley F. He was born in New York, and elected a\\nRepresentative from Michigan to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on\\nthe Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Further infoi mation the com-\\npiler has not been able to obtain.\\nGrant, Ulysses S. As President Grant spent about four years of his\\nmilitary life iu Michigan and at the post of Detroit, it is our duty as well", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 443\\nas pleftsure to introduce his name in the present record. The period in\\nquestion was from the ch)sc of the IVIexican war until his departure for Ore-\\ngon, when he was hrevet Captain of the fourtli infantry; and if ever there\\nwas any doubt as to the attachment of the ])eopk) of ]\\\\Iichigan f )r him it\\nwas most satisfactorily settled when, after the Rebellion, he revisited De-\\ntroit, and was received with the greatest cnthusiasnj. Pie was born in Point\\nPleasant, Clermont county, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Although originally\\nnamed Iliram Ulysses, the Congressman who nominated him for the West\\nPoint Academy gave his name, by mistake, as Ulysses B., and by that name\\nhas he ever been recognized, lie graduated at the Military Academy in\\n1843, and as Second Lieutenant was assigned to the fourth infantry. He\\ncontinued in the army from that time for eleven years, and partici})ated in\\nmost of the battles of tlie ^lexican war excei)ting Biiena Vista, soi-ving un-\\nder Generals Scott and Taylor, and receiving two brevets for gallantry at\\nMolino del Rey and Chapultepec. While serving in Oregon, in 1852, he\\nwas i)romoted to the rank of Captain. In 1854 he resigned his commission\\nand settled near St. Louis on a farm in 1859 he was a real-estate agent in\\nSt. Louis and early in 1860 he removed to Galena, Illinois, where he Joined\\nliis father and a brother in the manufacture of leather. When the Rebel-\\nlion commenced he raised and took command of a company of volunteers,\\nand bef)re the close of 18G1 he had command as Colonel of the Twenty-first\\nIllinois Regiment, and was made a Brigadiqr-General of Volunteers in 1862\\nhe was i)romoted to the rank of Major-General of Volunteers, from which\\ntime his military history is to be traced in his achievements at Fort Donel-\\nson, Shiloh, Corinth, luka, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga in the AVest and\\nSouth, and at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg,\\nin Virginia, culminating in the surrender of (Jencn-al ]u\u00c2\u00bbl)ert E. Lee on the.\\nUth of Ai)ril, 1865. It was on the 4th of July, 1863, that he was appointed\\nby President Lincoln jMajor-General in the regular army, and he was ap-\\npointed Lieutenant-General INIarch 2, 1864, receiving this commission directly\\nfrom the hands of the President; and the full title of 6 e;?er\u00c2\u00ab^ was conferred\\nupon him July 25, 1866. After the close of the Rebellion he took com-\\nmand of tiie armies of the United States, with his heachpiarters at Washing-\\nton. In December, 186:), Congress passed a joint resolution thanking him\\nand the soldiers who fought under him fir their gallant services and award-\\ning him a gold medal. On the 12th of December, 1867, he was appointed\\nby President Johnson Secretary of War ad interim, in the place of E. M.\\nStanton, suspended, which position he held until the November ftllowing,\\nwhen the Senate refused to sanction the suspension of ]Mr. Stanton and by\\ntlie Republican National Convention of 1868, held in Chicago, he was\\nnominated by acclamation Wiv the office of President of the United States\\nfor the term beginning in 1 ^69, and was duly elected. For his subsecjueut\\nhistory the reader is referred to the records of the General Government.\\nGhatiot, Charles. He was born in the Territory of ^lissouri of\\nFrench extraction, and educated at the West Point Academy, which he\\nleft in 1 ^04. lie served as a Ca])tain and as Chief of Engineers in the army\\nof General Harrison in 1S12 and 1813, and in 1S2S he was proinoted to the\\nrank of Brigadier-General for meritorious services and general good con-\\nduct but he subsequently had some trouble with the Government, and un-\\nder an act of Congress was dismissed from the service in 183^. As a part\\nof his military duties were performed on the soil of Michigan, and as he was", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "444 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhonored by having his name given to one of the fortifications of the State\\nand also to one of its counties, it was thought proper to mention him in this\\nconnection.\\nGraves, Benjamin F. He was born in Monroe county, Kew York,\\nOctober 18, 1817; received a good education; and having studied hiw was\\nadmitted to tbe bar of that State in 1841. In May, 1843, he removed to\\nMichigan and settled at Battle Creek, where he has ever since resided. In\\n1857 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court for the fifth circuit, for the\\nterm of six years, having previously filled the same position by appointment\\nfrom Governor Bingham for about one year, in the place of Abner Pratt,\\nresigned. In 1863 he was re-elected for a second terra of six years, but\\nresigned in 1866 and in 1867 he was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court\\nfor the term of eight years, and is still in ofiice.\\nGregory, John Milton. He was born in Sand Lake, Rensallaer\\ncounty, New York, July 6, 1822; received a common-school and academi-\\ncal education and after teaching for awhile he entered Union College,\\nwhence he was graduated in 1846. He then studied law, but gave up that\\nprofession and became a Preacher in the Baptist Church; after much ex-\\nperience as a teacher in New York he removed to Detroit in 1852, and con-\\ntinued the same labor; in 1854, in conjunction with Professors A. S.Welch\\nand E. O. Haven, he established the Michigan Journal of Education, which\\nhe edited for five years; in 1859 he was elected Superintendllit of Public\\nInstruction, in which position he served with great usefulness for six years;\\nand he published a Compend of School Laws, as well as many addresses on\\ntopics connected with the educational interests of JNIichigan. In 1866, with-\\nout his knowledge, he was a])pointed Regent and President of the State In-\\ndustrial University of Illinois, to which institution he has been devoted\\ndown to the present time. In 1869 he visited Europe, and the extensive\\nobservations he made among the educational institutions of the Old World\\nhave tended greatly to enhance his usefulness in the laborious duties he has\\nin charge.\\nGreenly, Wm. L. He was born in Hamilton, Madison county, New\\nYork, September 18, 1813 graduated at Union College, Schenectady, in\\n1^31 studied law and came to the bar in 1834; settled in Adrian, Michi-\\ngan, in October, 1836 was a State Senator from 1837 to 1839 was elected\\nLieutenant-Governor of the State in 1845; became acting Governor by the\\nresignation of Governor Felch (on account of his election to the United\\nStates Senate) in February, 1847; and was subsequently a\u00c2\u00bbjustice of the\\npeace for twelve years.\\nHall, Norman J. He was l)orn in New York in 1837 ajipointed\\nfrom JNIichigan to the West Point Academy, where he graduated in 1859;\\nwas assigned to the artillery service, and on duty in Virginia and South\\nCarolina. In 18(51 he was made First Lieutenant of the 5tli artillery, and\\nserved on the U|)per Potomac was with General Hooker s division on the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 445\\nLower Potomac on engineer duty in Virginia and was a staff officer in\\nthe Peninsula campaign. In 1862 he was chosen Coh)nel of the 7tli infan-\\ntry, Michigan volunteers was made Captain hy brevet in 1862 for galiahtry\\nat Antietani, and before the close of the year a ]\\\\Iajor by brevet for services\\nat Fredericksburg. In LS63 he was brevetted Lieutenant Colonel of volun-\\nteers for heroic conduct at Gettysburg, and during the same year was as-\\nsigned as Captain to the -Oth artillery, regular army. In 186-4 he was dis-\\nchargetl from the volunteer service for disability, and in 1865 was on duty\\nin Boston as a mustering ()fHccr. Not long afterwards he was retired from\\nactive service for disability resulting from long and faithful services and\\ndisease contracted in the line of duty. From I860 until 1867 he resided\\nin JNIassachusetts, and died in Brooklyn, New York, May 26, l ^67.\\nHamtramck, John Francis. He was a resident of Northern New\\nYork when the Revolution commenced, and served as a Captain in the Con-\\ntinental army. He was made a INIajor in the United States array in 1789,\\nand promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel in 1793; had command of the left\\nwing of General Wayne s army at the battle of JNIaumee in 1794; was sub-\\nsequently ])romoted to the rank of Colonel, and died in Detroit, where, in\\nthe gnuinds attached to the lloman Catholic hurch of \u00c2\u00bbSt. Anne, is to be\\nfound insciibed upon his monument a touching tribute to his menioiy, from\\nwhich we gather the following additional particulars: That he was Colonel\\nof the 1st United States regiment of infantry and commandant of Detroit\\nand its dejjendencies that he died April 11, 1803, in the 46th year of his\\nage; that he was a true patriot and a soldier before he was a man an ac-\\ntive jiarticipator in the dangers, difficulties, and honors of the lu volutionary\\nwar; and that for his heroism he was thanked by General Washington;\\nthe monument having been erected as a grateful tribute to his merit and\\nworth bv the officers who had the honor to serve under his command.\\nHand, George E. He was born in East Guilford, noAv IMadison,\\nConnecticut, August 16, 1809 graduated at Yale College in 1829; and\\nremoving to JMichigan, located in Detroit, and studied law with William\\nA. Fletcher, with whom he became associated in business. In 183o he was\\nappointed Judge of Probate for Wayne county in 1844, Injunction ^Master\\nf)r Eastern ^Michigan and in 1846 he was the sole representative of Detroit\\nin the Legislature, taking an active part in preparing the Revised Statutes\\nof that year, and introducing the resolution for selling the public works of\\nthe State, of which the Central and Southern railroads were the ])rincipal;\\nand also j)repared and proposed the present chartei*s of those roads, and\\nnegotiated their final sale the policy adopted by him having been of great\\nservice to the State. In 18o3 he was appointed United States Attorney for\\nMichigan, which (tffiee he held until l o7. He was one of the founders,\\nand afiorwards the President of the Detroit Young Men s Society; and also\\nparticipated in founding the Bar Society of Detroit, and was for many years\\nits President. He was a warm personal friend of Lewis Cass, and was chair-\\nman of the Democratic State Convention in l 48 when the General became\\na candidate for the Presidency. He has always been devoted to his pro-\\nfession, and has long been recognized as a prominent and influential mem-\\nber of the Detroit bar.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "446 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nHardikg, Fisher Ames. He was born in Dover, ]\\\\rassachusetts, in\\n1811 graduated at Harvard University in 1833; studied law with Daniel\\nWebster, and in 1835 removed to Chicago for the purpose of following his\\nprofession. In 1837 he settled in Detroit; in 1 ^41 he was elected t(j the\\nState Legislature and bore a conspicuous part in public affairs and in the\\nsame year he became an associate editor with IMorgan Bates, of the Detroit\\nDaihj Adveri ser, in which position he remained until his death, which\\noccurred in Detroit, August 4, 1846.\\nHarrington, Daniel B. In the spring of 1819 this worthy man\\narrived at Detroit from Ohio with his father, Jeremiah Harrington, and\\nseveral friends, for the purpose of hunting and trapping in the wilds of\\nMichigan. They travelled in a bateau, and, while obtaining supplies at\\nDetroit, they called on the Governor, who told them not to go into the In-\\ndian country until he had made a certain treaty with them during the\\nsummer. They took his advice, and tarried until September on the site of\\nPort Huron, when they visited the Valley of the Saginaw, where they spent\\nthe winter. The only white men then living in that region were Louis\\nCampau and his brother, and John B. Cushway, all of them Indian traders,\\nwhose cabins stood on the site of the present Saginaw City. Mr. Harring-\\nton again visited the Saginaw Valley in 1S34, travelling over-land. At\\nthat time there was only one house this side of Flint, and only a bridle-\\npath to the Saginaw Valley. A man named Bonnell kept what he called\\na tavern where Saginaw City now stands, and there were, he tliinks, about\\na dozen white residents living there. That was the only settlement on the\\nriver. He again visited the Valley in 1869 for the purpose of attending a\\nrailroad convention, and he found his old camping ground the centre of an\\nimmense commercial business, with a population of nearly thirty thousand\\nsouls. ]Mr. Harrington s present residence is Port Huron, and the story of\\nhis adventures in the wilds of Michigan would make an interesting volume.\\nHarrison, William Henry. Was born in Charles county, Vir-\\nginia, February 9, 1773; was educated at Hampden Sydney College, and\\nafterwards studied medicine. He received from Washington a military\\ncommission in 1791, and fought under Wayne in 1792. After the battle of\\nMiami Rapids he was made Captain, and placed in command of Fort\\nWashington. In 1797 he was aj)pointed Secretary of the Northwest Terri-\\ntory, and in 1799 and 1800 he was a delegate to Congress. Being appointed\\nGovernor of Indiana, he was also a Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and\\nnegotiated thirteen treaties. He gained a great victory in the battle of\\nTippecanoe, November 7, 1811, In the war with Great Britain he was\\ncommander of the Northwest Army, and was distinguished in the defence of\\nFort Meigs and the victory of the Thames, and, in conjunction with Oliver\\nH. Perry, rendered important services to the Territory of Michigan at De-\\ntroit. From 1816 to 1819 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio;\\na Presidential elector in 1821 and 1825, and from 1825 to 1828 a United\\nStates Senator. In 1828 he was Minister to the Republic of Colombia, and\\non his return, he resided Upon his farm at North Bend, Ohio. In 1840 he\\nwas elected President of the United States by 234 votes out of 294, and\\ninaugurated March 4, 1841. He died in the Presidential Mansion, April 4,\\n1841. A sketch of his life was prepared by himself for Hon. James Brooks.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "BTOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 447\\nHartsuff, George L. He was born in New York, but havinn; be-\\ncome a citizen of IMiclugan, he was appointed in 1848 a cadet at West\\nPoint fi om that State, which has always been his nominal home. After\\ngradnatinc:, in 1852, he was assigned to duty in New York, Texas, and\\nFlorida; in ISi) in the Topographical De])artment in 1855 he was\\nwounded in a fight with the Indians at Fort Drane, in Florida in 1859\\nand l.S()0 he was stationed at INIackinaw and after serving with credit\\nthrough the whole war for the Union, from 1801 to l^ GG, he attained the\\nraidc of jMajor-General in the United States Army. He was present at the\\ndefence of Fort Pickens Chief of iStaff under General Rosecrans in West-\\nern Virginia engaged in the affair at Carnif;ix Ferry; on special duty in\\nthe AVar Department served on the Rappahannock and in Northwestern\\nVirginia was present at the battles of Cedar Mountain, INIanassas, South\\nMountain, and Antietam, Avhere he was wounded was member of a board\\nto revise rules and prepare a code for the goverinnent of armies; commanded\\n23d army corps in Kentucky and Tennessee was at the battle of Peters-\\nburg was Adjutant-General of the IMilitary Division of the Gulf; and was\\nnext assigned to the command of the 5th jNIilitary Division, including\\nLouisiana and Texas, where he is on duty at the present time.\\nHaven, Erastus O. He was born in Boston, IMassachusetts, in 1820;\\ngraduated at the College of Middletown, Connecticut, in 1842 in 1843 he\\nbecame an instructor in the New York Amenia Seminary, and became its\\nPrinci])al in 184G; from 1848 to 1H53 he was pastor, successively, over\\nthree churches in New York; from 1853 to 1854 Professor of Latin, and\\nfrom 1854 to 1856 Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature in the\\nUniversity of INIichigan, and from 1856 to 1863 editor of Zions Herald, in\\nBoston, the organ of New England JNTethodism, during which period he\\nwas a member of the State Board of Education and a Senator in the State\\nLegislature. In 1863 he was made President of the University of Michi-\\ngan, which position beheld until 1869, when he resigned and became Pres-\\nident of the Northwestern University, located in Chicago. He is both a\\nDoctor of Divinity and a Doctor of Laws, and hy his untiring and eulight-\\nened devotion to the cause of education, ])oth in oMassachusetts and ^Micliigan,\\nhe has won a high position in the hearts of the people of both States, and\\nwould seem now to be accomplishing great good for the people of Illinois.\\nHennepin, Louis. He was born in Flanders, in 1640, and became a\\nRecollet friar. He embarked for Quebec in 1675, and spent the next\\nseven years among the Indian trihes of the Great Lakes and the Valley of\\nthe Mississippi. He was for a time the right hand man of La Salle during his\\nsojourn in the Michigan country, but subsequently turned against the great\\nexplorer he gave it as his opinion that the Detroit river was more beautiful\\nthan the Niagara, and also, that those who will one day have the happi-\\nness to ])ossess this fertile and pleasant strait, will he very much obliged to\\nthose who have shown them the way. The earliest description of the Falls\\nof Niagara was from his pen he named the river St. Francis in Canada,\\nand was the discoverer of Lake Pepin and the Falls of St. AntlnMiy.\\nAlthough not considered a reliable writer, he published a number of books\\nbearing upon his exploits and adventures in the wilds of America, which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "448 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhave been immensely popular. Indeed, not less than twenty editions of his\\ntravels were published in French, Enj,^lish, German, Italian, and Spanish.\\nIn 1697 he was refused permission to return to Canada, and became a citi-\\nzen of Holland also, figured at the Court of William III., of England;\\nand, although he adopted the secular habit, he always added to his signa-\\nture the title of Missionary Kecollet and Apostolic Notary. He died in\\nHolland about the year 1700.\\nHenry, Alexander. He was born in New Jersey in 1740; in 1760\\nhe accompanied the expedition of General Amherst, and was present at the\\nreduction of Fort Levi, on Lake Ontario, and the surrender of Montreal.\\nAfter the concpiest of Canada he became a fur-trader, and spent sixteen\\nyears as such (from 1760 to 1776) in the country of the Great Lakes, and\\nin 1809 he published an account of his adventures at Mackinaw and his\\ntravels in Canada and the Indian Territories. He died in 1824. In his\\nbook are to be found some good descriptions of life and scenery along the\\nmore northern shores of Michigan,\\nHorner, John T. He was born in Virginia, and in September, 1835,\\nhe was appointed by President Jackson Secretary of the Territory of Mich-\\nigan, to wliich duties were very soon added those of Acting Governor of the\\nsame but a few months after the State Constitution was ratified by the\\npeople, he was appointed Secretary of the newly-organized Territory of Wis-\\nconsin, beyond wliich point, unfortunately, we have not been able to pursue\\nhis career. His appointment to a leading position in Michigan, at a time\\nwhen political feeling ran high, was very distasteful to the people of the\\nState and so unpopular was the new appointee, that in some instances he\\nwas treated with personal discourtesy, which probably accounts for his\\nephemeral residence within the limits of Michigan.\\nHosFORD, Oramel. He was born in Thetford, Orange county, Ver-\\nmont, May 7,1820; graduated at Oberlin College, Ohio, in 184o; was\\nappointed Professor of Mathematics and Philosophy in Olivet College, Micli-\\nigan, in 1846, to the duties of which position, as well as those of his clerical\\nprofession, as a clergyman of the Congregational Church, he was constantly\\ndevoted, in the town of Olivet, until 1864, when he was elected to the hon-\\norable and highly responsible office of Superintendent of Public Instruction\\nfor the State of JMichigan, which he continues to retain. His annual reports\\nhave won for him the good opinion of all the people of JMichigan who feel\\nan interest in the cause of education and a revised edition of the School\\nLaws of Michigan, xvith Notes and Forms, was published by autlun-ity of the\\nState in 1869, a copy of which is furnished to each district, township, and\\ncounty (jfficer in the State who may be concerned in the administration of\\nthe school laws.\\nHoughton, DouglAvSS. He was born in Troy, New York, September\\n21, 1809, and was educated for the medical profession at the liensselaer", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 449\\nInstitute in his n-ative place, where he graduated in 1829. The following\\nyear he was appointed Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Natural His-\\ntory in the Institute; and while occupying this position he went to Detroit, l)y\\nrequest of the citizens, to deliver a course of lectures on scientific subjects.\\nIn I80I he was licensed to practice as a physician and in the same year\\nwas appointed surgeon and botanist to the expedition sent out by the (jrov-\\nernnu nt to explore the sources of the Mississippi river, and made an able\\nand valuable report. On his return he settled in Detroit, and practiced\\nhis i)rofession until 1837, when he was appointed Geologist for the State.\\nFrom that time until his death he continued faithfully to discharge his\\nlaborious duties, and accomplished much towards developing the resources\\nof the State, especially in attracting attention to its mineral wealth. In\\n1842 he was elected Mayor of Detroit; and, from its organization, was one\\nof the professors of the University. lie was also a member of the National\\nInstitute in Washington, of the Boston Society of Natural History, and an\\nhonorary member of the Royal Antiquarian Society of Copenhagen, and\\nof many other scientific and literary associations. He was drowned in Lake\\nSuperior, near the mouth of Eagle river, during a violent storm, October\\n13, 1845, and his death was a great public loss, especially to the State of\\nMichiijau.\\nHoward, Jacob ^I. He was born in Shaftsbury, Vermont, July 10,\\n180 was educated at the Academies of Bennington and Brattlcborough,\\nand at Williams College, where he graduated in 1830; studied law, and\\ntaught in an academy in Massachusetts for a time; removed to Michigan\\nin 1832, and came to the bar of that Territory in 1833; in 1838 he was a\\nmember of the Legislature of the State from 1841 to 1843 he was a Kep-\\nresentative in Congress from Michigan in 1851 he appeared for the ])eople\\nin the great legal trial known as the Railroad Conspiracy Case, in Michi-\\ngan; in 1854 he was elected Attorney-General of the State, twice re-elected,\\nand serving in all six years; and in 18G2 he was elected a Senator in Con-\\ngress, in the place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending in 18G5,\\nserving as chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and a mem-\\nber of the Committees on Military AflJiiirs, the Judiciary, and Private Land\\nClaims. He was re-elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing\\nin 18G5 and ending in 1871, serving on the Library Committee, and those\\non Claims, Private Land Claims, the Library, the Special Joint Committee\\non the Rebellious States, and as chairman of that of Ordnance. He re-\\nceived from Williams College, in 186G, the degree of LL.D., and was a\\ndelegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention of the same year.\\nAs an author, he published in 1847 a translation from the French of the\\nSecret Memoirs of the Empress Josephine. He drew up the platform of the\\nfii-st convention ever held of the Republican i)arty, in 1854, and is said to\\nhave ffiven it its name.\\nHoward, William A. He Avas born in Vermont; graduated at Mid-\\ndlebury College in 1839 and, having taken up his residence in jNIicliigan,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth and\\nThirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Ways and\\nMeans. In 1851 he appeared for the defendants in the famous legal trial\\nknown as the Railroad Conspiracy Case. Having contested the seat of G.\\n2", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "450 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nB. Cooper in 1860, he became a Represeutative in the Thirty-sixth Con-\\ngress, serving as a member of the Select Committee of Tliirty-ihree. In\\n1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln postmaster at Detroit. He\\nwas also a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Convention of 1866.\\nIn 1S69 he was apjDointed by President Grant Minister to China, but de-\\nclined the position.\\nHull, William. He was born in Derby, Connecticut, June 24, 1753;\\ngraduated at Yale College in 1772; came to the bar in 1775, but soon en-\\ntered the Revolutionary army as a Captain was rapidly promoted, and\\nbecame Inspector of the army under Baron Steuben was present at the\\nbattles of White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Stillwater, Saratoga, Monmouth,\\nand Stony Point, and for his services at Morrisiana he received the thanks\\nof Washington. Two years after his surrender he was tried by court-mar-\\ntial and sentenced to be sliot, but on account of his age and public services\\nthe sentence was remitted by President JNIadison, by whom he had been\\nmade commander-in-chief It is now agreed among historians that his rea-\\nsons for giving up Detroit to the British General Brock were not founded\\nin cowardice or disloyalty. In 1824 he published a series of letters in vin-\\ndication of himself, and died at Newton, Massachusetts, November 29, 1825.\\nHumphrey, Levi S. He was born in Vermont, and was among the\\nearliest emigrants to IMichigan after it became an organized Territory. He\\nwas f jr many years the Stage Coach King of the Lake Country, and proba-\\nbly did more than any other man to improve the breed of horses in the\\nNorthwest, and at one time he commanded great influence as a politician.\\nHe was for some years engaged in mercantile pursuits with Daniel S. Ba-\\ncon was a member of the State Legislature; was one of the Commissioners\\nto locate the Southern and Central Railroads of IMichigan and he was con-\\nnected with the Government as Register of the Land Office at Monroe, and\\nas United States Marshal for the District of Michigan. Was afterwards a\\ncontractor on the Great Western and Grand Trunk Railroads in Canada,\\nand subsequently returned to his old residence in Monroe, Michigan, where\\nhe died in 1869. Those who knew him personally can never forget his im-\\nposing personal appearance (for his stature was uncommonly large) as well\\nas his gentle manners and kind heart.\\nHunt, Henry I. He emigrated fi-om New York to Detroit at an\\nearly date; was a citizen of that place prior to the surrender of Hull, and\\na witness of the exciting events of that day he held a commission as colo-\\nnel of militia, and was on intimate terms of friendship with General Cass.\\nHis profession was that of a merchant, in which he occupied a high rank;\\nand in 1826 he was elected Mayor of the city of Detroit, and died in that\\nyear before the expiration of his term of office. Col. Thomas L. McKcnney\\nmentions the fact in his Tour to the Lakes that he had seen few men\\nin his life who j)ossessed more of the confidence and affection of those who\\nknew him, and that the feeling of regret at his death was universal.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 451\\nHunt, James B. He was a native of New York, and for many years\\nlaw partner witli JMichael HoHhian. He removed to Mieliij^an alx-ut the\\ntime of its admission into tlie Union, and was soon called to responsible\\npublic trusts. He was a member of Congress from Michigan from 1843 to\\n1847. He died in Poutiac, Michigan, August 15, 1857, aged 58 years.\\nJoGUES, Isaac. He was born in Orleans, France, in 1G07 and before\\nhe had attained his thirtieth year we find him laboring among the Huron\\nIndians as a Jesuit nii.ssionary, and visiting what was called the Tol)acco\\nNation, north of Lake Erie. In 1G41 ho, with Charles Ilaymbault, passed\\nalong the shore of Lake Huron northward, entered the strait through which\\nLake .Superior discharges itself, pushed on as far as the Saute de Ste. jMarie,\\nand preached the Faith to two thousand Ojibwas and other Algonquins\\nthere assembled. Not long afterwards, in his great zeal to convert (lie In-\\ndians, he visited Quebec for the purpose of obtaining necessary supplies for\\nhis mission, when he fell into an ambuscade, was taken prisoner by the Iro-\\nquois, with Avhom he was compelled to travel through Lake George to the\\nMohawk Towns, where he was cruelly tortured, but from which he finally\\nmade his escape, and, going down the Hudson to Manhattan, sailed from\\nthat place to France in 1GG4. On reaching Paris he was the lion of the\\nhour, and having been summoned into the presence of the Queen, Anne of\\nAustria, she bent and kissed his mutilated hands, while the ladies of the\\nCourt thronged around to do him homage because t)f his sufferings while a\\nslave of the Mohawks. But these courtly honors were not in keeping with\\nhis simple tastes, and he soon returned again to the wilderness. The event-\\nful story of his life may l)e found in the Jesuit Relation of 1043. He was\\na finished scholar, and might have acquired distinction in literature, but he\\npreferred the trials and dangers of a missionary life, for which he was physi-\\ncally uusuited. A number of books were written of which he was the hero,\\nand one was published from his own pen entitled Novum Belgium.\\nJoiiNSOX, FiiAXKLiN. He was born in Vermont received a legal\\neducation and became a resident of Monroe, JMichigan, in 1835, with\\nwhich place he was intinuiteiy and honorably identified during the remain-\\nder of his life. While constantly engaged in practicing his profession, he\\nfound time to fijl a v^iriety of public positions. He was at one time Attor-\\nney for the city of Monroe; also Prosecuting Attorney for the State, and\\nJudge of Probate, and lastly, Judge of the Circuit Court for the First Dis-\\ntrict of ^lichigan for six years. He always maintained a high position at\\nthe bar, and it is said that his decisions as Circuit Judge were very seldom\\nreversed by the Supreme Court. He died in Monroe October 11, 1870.\\nJohnson, Oliver. He was a native of Falley Cross-Roads. Massa-\\nchusetts, and emigrated to Michigan in 181G; and having located himself\\non the River Raisin, was long a successful merchant and trader in furs. In\\n1825 he was appointetl Judge of Probate, and held the office a number of\\nyears. He was a man of superior talents possessed great energy of char-\\nacter was a dignified geutleman in his bearing a leader in all bouevoleut", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "452 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nand Christian enterprises and did much to advance the cause of religion\\nin the new settlements by his able advocacy and active friendship. He was\\na Presidential Elector in 1857. He died in Monroe several years ago, and\\nleft a son, Charles G. Johnson, who has for many years been a prominent citi-\\nzen and a banker in that city. His father-in-law, Henry Disbrow, was a\\nman of the same high character, and was f )r many years a leading author-\\nity throughout the valley of the River Raisin in all matters appertaining\\nto horticulture and agriculture.\\nJohnson, Richard M. He was born in Kentucky in 1780, and died\\nat Frankfort November 19, 1850. In 1807 he was chosen a Representative\\nin Congress from Kentucky, which post he held until 1813. In 1813 he\\nraised a volunteer regiment of cavalry of one thousand men to fight the\\nBritish and Indians on the Lakes, and, during the cami)aign that followed,\\nserved with great credit under General Harrison as Colonel of that regi-\\nment. He greatly distinguished himself at the battle of the Thames, and\\nthe chief Tecumseh is said to have been killed by his hand and f)r this\\nreason we have thought it proper to introduce him in this collection of\\nsketches. In 1814 he was appointed Indian Commissioner by President\\nMadison, fie was again Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1 !19.\\nIn 1819 he went from tlie House into the United States Senate to fill an\\nunexpired term was re-elected to the Hcmse, and remained there until\\n1837, when he became Vice President, and as such presided over the Sen-\\nate. At the time of his death he was a member of the Kentucky Legisla-\\nture, and he died from a second attack of paralysis. He was a kind-\\nhearted, courageous, and talented man.\\nJohnston, John. He was born near the Giant s Causeway in Ireland\\nin 1703, and his connections were of the highest character on the score of\\nsocial position, intellectual culture, and wealth. He emigrated to the Uni-\\nted States during the Presidency of Washington, and was wont to boast\\nthat he had shaken him by the hand. After enduring many vicissitudes in\\nCanada, he settled at the Saute de Ste. Maria in 1793, wliere he continued to\\nreside until his death. He was a leading frontier merchant for more than\\nforty years, and although far removed from the comforts of civilization,\\nthere was always a refined and cultured atmosphere about his modest ht)me.\\nIn 1814 Ids property was plundered by the Americans, through the instru-\\nmentality of personal enemies or rivals in trade and in consequence of\\nthat he re-visited Irehmd, sold his patrimonial estate, and tlius obtained\\na new start in tiie worhl. He did much as a writer upon Indian his-\\ntory had a well-descended Indian woman for his wife, who, in her own\\nperson did so much for the American cause that General Cass called her\\nhis friend and a benefactress; and it was the eldest daughter of that\\nwoman, a lovely girl who was sent to Europe to be thoroughly educated,\\nwho subsequently became the wife of the historian of the Indians, Henry\\nR. Schoolcraft.\\nJoLiET, Louis. He was born in Quebec in 1G45; educated for the\\nJesuit Priesthood biit soon renouncing the cowl and vestments, became", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 453\\na fur-trader and an explorer. He was designated by Talon, the intendant\\nof Canada, about the year 1672, as a suitable person to explore the copper\\nmines of Lake Superior, and altiiough the expedition which he performed\\nwas unsuccessful as a speculation, it resulted in the production of one of\\nthe first maps of that region of country, lie was subsecjucntly sent by\\nFrontenac to discover the Mississippi, and with La Salle and Mar(|uette\\n])articipated, to some extent, in accomplishing the discovery. On his return,\\nhe lost all his papers while passing down the rapids of the St. Lawrence,\\nabove INIontreal, and could only make a verbal report to the Government.\\nAs a return for his services, he was presented with the Island of Anticosta,\\nin the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where he settled with his family, built a fort,\\nand continued his old employment of trading with the Indians. When the\\nBritish came into power, his j)ossessions were all confiscated, and he was\\nsent as a prisoner to Quebec, where he is supposed to have died about the\\nyear 1737.\\nJones, De Garmo. He was one of the earliest settlers in Detroit, and\\nas a merchant was for many years a prominent actor in all the important\\nbusiness enterprises of the city and State. It was thniugh his sagacity and\\nmeans that the plaster-beds on the Grand river were first brought to light.\\nHe was a man of culture, and although, nothing of a politician, he was\\nclectc il Mayor of Detroit in lSo9, and died in that city, at a good old age\\nin 1S46. His son, bearing the same name, served with credit as an officer\\nduring the rebellion, and is now a resident of Detroit.\\nJones, George NV. Born at Vincennes, Indiana, and graduated at\\nTransylvania University, Kentucky, in 1 ^25. He was bred to the law, but\\nill health prevented him from practicing. He was Clerk of the United\\nStates District Court in Missouri, in 1 2G served as an Aid-de-camp to Gen-\\neral Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk war; was chosen Ci)lonel of Militia\\nin l ^o 2; subsecjuently Majur-Geiu ral also Jutlge of a County Court;\\nin lSo5 was elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of ]\\\\liehi-\\ngan, and served two years; in 1^39 was appointed by President Van Bu-\\nrcn. Surveyor Creneral of the Northwest was removed in l!S41 for his\\nptilitics, but re-appi)inted by President Polk, and remained in the office\\nuntil 1 49; in I i4 he was elected a United States Senator from Iowa for\\nsix years, and re-elected in 1 52 f )r six years, officiating as Chairman of\\nthe Committees on Pensions, and on Enrolled Bills, and as a meiul)er of\\nthe Committee on Territories. At the conclusion of his last term he was\\nai pointed, by President Buchanan, ^Minister to New Granada. In ISGl he\\nwas charged with disloyalty, and imprisoned in Fort Warren.\\nJoUETT, C. All that the compiler happens to know in regard to this\\nperson is, that in 1^03, he was an Indian agent for the General Govern-\\nment, and was located in Detroit. He deserves mention in this place,\\nhowever, if, for no other reason, because he wrote an account of the con-\\ndition of Detroit and the surrounding country, in the year above-named,\\nwhich will be found printed in the American tState Paper. and is of great\\nvalue to all persons interested in the early history of Michigan.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "454 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nKearsley, Jonathan. lie was born in Pennsylvania, and entered\\nthe army as a First Lieutenant in l ^12; was made an Adjutant in 1813;\\nserved with distinction in 1814, in the defence of Fort Erie, in which he\\nwas severely wounded, having lost a leg, and for which he was promoted to\\nthe rank of Captain, and that of Major by Brevet and he retired from\\nthe military service in 1815. In 1817 he was appointed a Collector of In-\\nternal Revenue in Pennsylvania in 1820 he was appointed by President\\nMonroe Receiver for the Land Office at Detroit, Avhich highly responsible\\nposition he held until l ^47; in l ^29 he was elected Mayor of Detroit; was\\nfour times appointed a Regent of the State University; and after a long\\ncareer of usefulness and honor, and lamented by a large circle of friends,\\nhe died in Detroit in 1855.\\nKellogg, Francis W. Born in Worthington, Hampshire County,\\nMassachusetts, May oO, 1810; received a limited education, and, having\\nremoved to Michigan, entered into the business of lumbering. He served\\nin the Legislature of Michigan, and was elected a Representative from that\\nState to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee\\non Invalid Pensions; was re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving\\non the Committees on Public Lands, and on Expenditui-es in tlie Post Office\\nDepartment; and was also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was\\na member of the Committee on Military Affiiirs. He performed the remark-\\nable task of raising six regiments of cavalry during the rebellion. In 1865\\nhe was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Internal RcTcnue for\\nAlabama and subsequently elected to Congress from that State.\\nKingsbury, Jacob. He was born in Connecticut, in 1755, and entered\\nthe United States army as a lieutenant in 17i 9 removed to the western\\nfrontier about the commencement of the present century, and was for many\\nyears on duty at Detroit and Mackinaw, and subsequently at Belf )ntaine,\\nthen at the mouth of the Mississippi river, at Fort Adams on the same river,\\nand at New Orleans, He rose, by regular course, to the rank of Inspector\\nGeneral, and for gallant services performed on the Ohio river in 1791, he\\nwas highly complimented by General Josiah Harmar. He retired from\\nthe army in 1815, and took up his residence in IMissouri, where he died in\\n1837. lie was the father of Julius J. B. Kingsbury, the worthy son of a\\ndistinguished father; and Harmar s handsome letter to the former, as well\\nas an original drawing, made by him of Detroit as it appeared in 1800, are\\namong the historical ti-easures of the compiler of this volume.\\nKingsbury, Julius J. B. He was theson of General Jacob Kingsbury,\\nand born in Connecticut in 1801 and educated at West Point, where he\\ngraduated in 1823, The first eight years of his official life as Second Lieu-\\ntenant were spent at Fort Brady and Fort Gratiot, in Michigan; in 1831\\nhe was made a First Lieutenant and stationetl at Fort Niagara, New York;\\nwas on the Black Hawk Expedition in 1831, and also stationed at Fort\\nDearborn, Illinois; in 1833 he was again returned to Fort Brady, and also\\nstationed at Saute de Ste. Marie and ^lackinaw and in 1 37 he was made\\na Captain, and after some service in Florida, Maine, and New York, was\\nreturned for the third time to Fort Brady iu 1845, He served with dis-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 455\\ntinction in the Mcxicail war, participating; in the siege of Vera Crnz, the\\nbattles of Cerro Gordo, of Coutreras, Churubusco, IMolino del Rcy, and in\\nthe capture of the City of Mexico, and for his gallant and meritorious\\nconduct, he was made a Brevet Major in 1847, ami full Major in 184*J. In\\ntiie latter year he went to California, and after remaining there three or\\nfour years on frontier duty, he tired of his j)rofession, and was dismissed\\nfrom the army f \u00c2\u00bbr absence from duty witln)Ut authority. He died in Wash-\\nington city, June 2G, 1850.\\nKiPvKLAND, Caroline INI. As this accomi)lished Avoman si)ont two\\nyears in Detroit and nearly another year in the interior of jNIichigan, and\\nas her experiences in the West resulted in not less than three popnhir books\\nassociated with l\\\\[ichigan, a notice of licr in this phice is most appropriate.\\nHer nuiiden name was Stansbury, and she was l)orn in the city of JXew York.\\nOn becoming the wife of William Kirkhmd, himself an author of repute,\\nshe lived for some years in Geneva, New York then settled in JMichigan\\nand in 1843 she returned to her native city. Her books respecting Michigan\\nwere published under the assumed name of Mary Clavers, and entitled\\nA New Home; Who II Follow f Forest Life; and Western Clearings.\\nThey nuule their appearance in 1839, 1842, and 1846; in the latter year\\nshe i)ublished an edition of Edmund Spencer s Writinr/s in 1847 became the\\neditress of the Union Magazine; in 1848 she visited Europe and j)uhlished\\nHolidays Abroad; iu 1852 she published two gift books, and in 18.33, the\\nBook of the Home Circle. Subsequently her pen was somewhat idle,\\nalthough her productions were always j)opular, but none of them as much\\nso as those associated with Michigan. iShe died April 6, 18G4.\\nKnaggs, James. He was born at R )che de Bout, on the river Mau-\\nmee, about the year 1780, and from early life was familiar with tlie woods\\nand their savage inhabitants. During the war of 1812 he rendered the\\nGovernment important aid as a volunteer soldier and Indian fighter and\\nsoon after Wayne s campaign he settled at Frenchtown and became a\\nfarmer. In 1811 he established a regular ferry at the Huron river, on the\\nroad between Frenchtown and Detroit, with only Indians f )r his neighbors.\\nThese, excited against all Americans by British emissaries, were very\\ntroublesome, and Knaggs had frequent and desperate conflicts with them.\\nOn one occasion he thrashed an Indian f )r some misconduct, and when a\\nbrother of the vagabond came at midnight to avenge the insult, a struggle\\nensued, which resulted in the breaking of every bone in the body of the\\nIndian by means of a club. He was a leading man among the Raisin\\nmen, who were called by General Harrison the best tro()ps iu the world,\\nand with them he was engaged in the various conflicts near Detroit, and\\nunder Colonel Richard M. Johnson, was present at the battle of the\\nThames, and was the man who identified the body of Tecumseh, with whom\\nhe had been acquainted. He performed a great many brave and patriotic\\ndeeds as a spy, scout, ranger, and general fighter and a British officer\\nnamed McGreggor, whom he had cai)tured and carried to Hull s camp,\\nsubsequently offered a reward of five hundred dollars f )r his head. lie\\nwas the youngest of five brothers, all of whom were active in the military\\nservice, while one of them was killed at Chicago, and another captured and", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "456 BIOGRAFHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof the battle there, and was one of those whom Proctor ordered away. She\\nwas then in her eightieth year, and having been robbed of her clothing,\\nthinly clad, she proceeded in an open traineau and reached Detroit in safety.\\nWhen asked how it happened that she did not perish, she replied, My\\nspunk kept me warm. The noted sou of this worthy woman died in De-\\ntroit on the 23d of December, 18G0.\\nKnight, Henky C. He was born in East Bethlehem, Washington\\nCounty, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1817 graduated at Jefferson College,\\nCanonsburg, in 1836 and after spending one year at the Yale Law School,\\nhe removed in 1S37 to Michigan, and continued his legal studies. On\\nbeing admitted to the bar in l!^39, he settled in Pontiac, where he remained\\nuntil 1848. From that time until 1853 he was devoted to teaching in a\\nclassical school, and to the ministry, when his health became impaired, and\\nhe settled in Detroit, and resumed the practice of his profession. He was\\na useful member of the Board of Education for several terms, and one of\\nthe fjrcmost of that body in caring for the wants of the children of Detroit,\\nand furthering the cause of education generally and he was for ten years\\nthe much-beloved Superintendent of the Sabbath School, attached to the\\nFort Street Presbyterian Church. He was twice elected to the Councils of\\nDetroit as Alderman was a Regent of the State University f )r nearly four\\nyears and also Prosecuting Attorney for Wayne County, which last two\\npositions he held at the time of his death, which occurred in Detroit March\\n26, 18G7. When in the Council of Detroit, he was the Republican candi-\\ndate for President of that body and although there were two hundred bal-\\nlots cast, extending through a period of two months, a tie vote i)revented\\nhis election. Taken as a whole, iiis life was highly useful and honorable,\\nand his name will long be treasured with respect by the bar as well as the\\ncitizens of Detroit.\\nLahontan, Baron. He was a native of France bred a soldier\\nemigrated to Canada in his sixteenth year and was for several years in\\ncommand of a f \u00c2\u00bbrt in Northern Michigan, chiefly at IMichilimackinac. He\\nspent about eleven years, from 1683 to 1694, in explorations along the St.\\nLawrence and in the country of the Great Lakes. He published the result\\nof his adventures and observations in Paris, and some of his views so\\noffended the Government of France he was obliged to take up his residence\\nin llolhind. He subsequently removed to England; and his letters from\\nthe wihlerness, which had been revised by Count Frontenac, were done\\ninto English, and with much information, omitted in the original French\\nedition, were published in London in 1735. The work contained a number\\nof maps, which have an interest for lovers of history. He cherished a\\nstrong animosity toward the Government of France and in s])eaking of\\nhis letters in the English edition, he says they were addressed to an old\\nbigoted relation of mine, who fed on devotion, and dreaded the influence of\\nthe court. When in the employ of the French, he gloried in the title of\\nLord Lieutenant of the French Colony at Phicentia, in Newfoundhind.\\nIn his work there are no less than f )ur chapters devoted to affairs in and\\nabout Michilimackinac and the j)lace and date of his death are unknown.\\nIn the preceding pages his name is misprinted Lahonton.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL RISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 457\\nLanman, Charles. Born in Monroe, Michigan, June 14, 1819, and\\nwas the .son of Charles James Lanman received an Academical educa-\\ntion in Plainfield, Connecticut was a clerk in the house of Suydam, Jack-\\nson Co., New York, from 1835 to 1845, when he revisited his birth place,\\nand for a few months edited the Monroe Gazette; was associate editor in\\n184G of the Cincinnati Chronicle, with Edwartl D. INIansiield and alter\\nmaking a canoe tour of the ^Mississippi and through Lake Superior, returned\\nto New York, and was associated as a writer with The Daily Krprcss. In\\n1848 he visited Washington, and became a writer and travelling corres-\\npondent of the National Intelligencer and while residing in Georgetown,\\nD. C, continued in the service of that journal until the death of its editors,\\nGales Seaton. As an amateur, he paid some attention to art, and trav-\\nelled extensively throughout the United States. In Washington, he held\\nthe positions of Librarian of the War Department, Librarian of Copyrights\\nin the State Department, and Private Secretary of Daniel Webster, Libra-\\nrian of the Interior Department, and Librarian of the House of Repre-\\nsentatives. Besides writing for the Press and the Magazines at home, in\\n1857 he became the American correspondent of the Illustrated London\\nNews, and in 1869 of the London Athenaeum. As an author he has pub-\\nlished the ibllowing: Esmy,^ for Summer Hours, three editions; A iSummer\\nin the Wilderness A Tour to the River Saguenay, republished in England\\nLetters from the Alleghany Mountains; Occasional Records of a Tourist; Pri-\\nvate Life of Daniel Webster, republished in England Adventures in the\\nWilds of America, made I rom previous publications, printed in two volumes,\\nand repul)lishcd in England, with introductory letters from Washington\\nIrving Dictionary of Congress, six editions, three of them published by the\\nGeneral Government; Life of William Woodbridge and as editor he has\\npublished Prison Life of Alfred Ely, and two volumes of Sermons, by Kev.\\nOctavius Periuchief. [^Abridged from AlUbone s Dictionary of Authors.\\nLanman, Charles James. He was the son of James Lanman, for-\\nmerly a Judge and Senator in Congress, and burn in Norwich, Connecticut,\\nJune 5, 1795. He graduated with honors at Yale College in 1814 studied\\nlaw with his kinsman, Roger Griswold, as well as with his father; and was\\nadmitted to the bar early in 1S17, in New London. Soon afterwards he\\nwas invited by Henry Clay to settle in Kentucky, but decided to seek his\\nfortune in the Territory of Michigan, on the invitation of his friends, Wul\\nWoodbridge and Lewis Cass. He made the journey from Buffalo to De-\\ntroit chiefly on horse back. Joining Mr. Woodbridge in his law office, he\\nbegan the practice of his profession, and while riding the circuit, he visited\\nFrenchtown, on the River Raisin, (now called Mtmroe,) where he perma-\\nnently settled. In that place he held many local positions, such as Attor-\\nney for the Territory, Judge of Probate, Colonel of Militia, and he was also\\nInspector of Customs, and Postmaster of Frenchtown. In 1823 President\\nMonroe appointed him Receiver of Public Moneys f)r the District of ^lich-\\nigan, and he was re-appointed by President Adams, holding the office eight\\nyears. In those early days specie was the only currency in vogue, and the\\nreceipts of silver alone, in one year amounted to a hundred tJiousand dol-\\nlar, which had to be transmitted to Detroit, through the wilderness, on pack\\nhorses; and it is worth mentioning, that when he visited Washington twenty-\\nfive years afterwards, he was olticially inf rnied tiuit there was a handsome\\nbalance of money due him by the United States Treasury on account of\\n2 C", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "458 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhis services as Receiver. He was one of the founders of Tecumseh, Mich-\\nigan was a Commissioner to locate the county seats of many of the lead-\\ning counties in the State, including Ionia, Kent, and Clinton was the Sur-\\nveyor, and once the sole owner of the land where now stands the city of\\nGrand Rapids while the same is true of several other flourishing towns in\\nthe State. Although not a practical farmer, at one period of his life, he\\nindulged his agricultural tastes by carrying on one or two farms, and he\\nwas among the very first to introduce into Michigan, from Kentucky and\\nVirginia, the best breeds of blooded horses. In 1835, from family consid-\\nerations, he returned to Norwich. During the financial revulsion of 1837\\nhe lost the bulk of his property, all of which was located in IMichigan\\nand in 1838 he was elected Mayor of Norwich; was subsequently Presi-\\ndent of the Norwich Water-Power Company and at the conclusion of\\nthat service he lived chiefly in retirement. In 1862, lured by early\\nrecollections, and because of his intense love of the scenery and air of the\\nocean, he came to New London to reside; died in this city July 25, 1870,\\nand was buried among his kindred in Norwich. lAbridged from a New\\nLondon paper.\\nLanman, James H. He was the son of James Lanraan, of Connecti-\\ncut, and born in Norwich, in that State, December 4, 1812. He was edu-\\ncated at Washington, now Trinity C\\\\)llege, Hartford and having studied\\nlaw at Harvard College, came to the bar, and for a few years practiced his\\nprofession in Norwich and New London, and also for a short time in Balti-\\nmore, Maryland. A short time before Michican became a State, he visited\\nit on a tour of pleasure, by invitation of his brother, J. Lanman, and\\nhaving become interested in the country and people, he spent one or two\\nyears there, and then, under authority of tlie new State, published in 1839,\\nhis History of Michigan. Two years afterwards he prepared and published\\nan abridgment of this work in Harper s Family Library, and which, with\\nthe author s consent, has been freely used in the first part of the present\\nvolume. He was also a contributor to the National Portrait Gallery, the\\nNorth American and American Quarterly Reviews, and the Jurist, and\\nfor several years was the leading writer for Hunt s IMerchant s Magazine,\\nto which he contributed a large number of highly useful and important\\narticles connected with the commerce of the country. Of late years he has\\nlived in retirement in his native town.\\nLarned, Charles. He was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts edu-\\ncated at Williams College in that State; and in 1811 he emigrated to Ken-\\ntucky, where he became a law student in the office of Henry Clay. In 1813\\nhe joined the army of General Harrison as an officer, on its way to the\\nLake country, and was present at the battle of the Thames. At the close\\nof the war he settled in Detroit, and for many years, was one of the most\\nactive lawyers in that place, and a most influential citizen. His profes-\\nsional learning was highly respectable, but his great strength lay in his\\neloquence before a jury. Here, as Senator Howard inf)rmed the writer, he\\nwas highly distinguished recognized by all his associates as an ingenious\\nand powerful advocate in a contested case, depending upon close analysis\\nof testimony, and an appeal to the leelings. On such occasions he showed\\ngreat power, and his eloquence was enhanced by the imposing appearance", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 459\\nof liis person, and the wonderful music of his voice. Another tribute to his\\nability will be found iu the Life of William Woodbridge. lie died in\\nDetroit many years ago. lie was a cousin, we believe, of General Benja-\\nmin F. Lamed, and left a son, who is a well known lawyer iu Detroit.\\nLakned, Benjamin F. He was born in ]\\\\Iassachusetts entered the\\narmy as an Ensign in 1813 rose within one year to the rank of First\\nLieutenant, and as such, served with honor at the battle of Fort Erie, under\\nGeneral Gaines, and for his gallant conduct was made a Captain soon\\nafter, he entered tiie Paymaster s service; in 1847 was made Deputy Pay-\\nmaster General, and in l S )4 became the Paymaster General, serving his\\ncountry in that capacity for nuuiy years with rare fidelity. A large ])ro-\\nportion of his early official life was spent in Michigan, and among the older\\ncitizens of Detroit will always be remembered with peculiar gratification.\\nCharles Lamed, long a prominent lawyer of Detroit, was a relative of his,\\n(we believe his cousin,) and he iiad two sons in the army, one of whom\\ndistinguished himself as an officer at the battle of Chepultepec in Mexico.\\nHe died in Washington City, September 6, 1862, lamented by a large circle\\nof friends.\\nLa Salle, Robert Cavelier. He was bom at Rouen, France, in\\n1643, came of a wealthy family and was highly educated. lie arrived in\\nCanada in 1G6G, obtained a grant of land which he named Lc Chine, by\\nway of commemorating his pet idea that he was to discover a new pathway\\nacross the continent to China. In 1(570 he started upon his discoveries, spent\\nmuch of his time on the soil of Michigan, and discovered the Ohio and\\nIllinois rivers. He arrived at Detroit iu 1679, in his sailing vessel called\\nthe Griffin, which was the first craft of the kind that ever i)lowed the waves\\nof Lake Erie. Her burthen was sixty tons, and she carried five guns. As a\\nreward for his first explorations. La Salle was made a noblenuin he sub-\\nsequently performed two important ex[)loriiig expeditions; and in 1687 was\\nassassinated on Trinity river in Texas. The filling up of this man s life,\\nconstitutes one of the most romantic and interesting chapters of bold ex-\\nploits and wild adventure, blended with disa])p()intmcnts and hardships,\\nwhich can anywhere be f )und. He spent 800,000 francs of his own money,\\non his various expeditions, and died with debts amounting to 100,000 livres.\\nHis purpose was an ins[)iration, and he clung to it with a certain fanaticism\\nof devotion. It was the oflspring of an ambition vast and comprehensive,\\nyet acting in the interest both of France and civilization. The lamijy bear-\\ning the same name, which settled on the River Raisin, at a later day, was\\nallied to that of the great discoverer.\\nLaughton, John B. He was born in Detroit, ^Michigan, but having\\nat an early day, taken up his residence on thu Canatlian side of the Detroit\\nriver, he has always been a British subject. He was a member of the Kent\\nMilitia in 1812; and from Sandwich he saw the white flag which proclaim-\\ned the surrender of Dotnjit. He was then iu his twenty-second year. He\\nwas afterwartls engaged in the affair of Long Wooils, in Canada; also at\\nthe battle of Chippewa, where he lost a brother and at Niagara, where he", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "460 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwas captured and taken as a prisoner to Greenbush, opposite Albany. At\\nthe present writing he is one of the oldest residents of Sandwich.\\nLawrence, Wolcott. He was born in Berkshire county, Massa-\\nchusetts, in 1786, and was among the earliest settlers on the River Raisin,\\narriving there in 1816, where he was for many years an able and success-\\nful lawyer, for which profession he had prepared himself before leaving\\nMassacliusetLs. There were times, however, when the law busiuess was stag-\\nnant, and tiieu it was that he turned some attention to the manufacture of\\nflour. He served a number of terms in the State Legislature; held the\\noUice of Judge and duriug his long and very active career, worked quite\\nas hard for tlie public weal as for his owu advantage, and he died at Mon-\\nroe iu April, 1843. One of his daughters, who was the first American child\\nborn in Monroe, became the wife of Alpheus Felch, and he left a number\\nof sons, one of whom served with credit in the army during the late rebel-\\nlion while another, Edwin Lawrence, became a Judge of the Circuit Court\\nof tlie State. By his ability and high moral character he exerted a happy\\ninfluence upon the commuuity, where he was always highly honored. He\\nparticipated with Musgrove Evans and Charles J. Lanmau in founding the\\ntown of Tecumseh, in 1824; and in conjunction with Daniel S. Bacon,\\nerected the tii-st frame house ever built in Monroe.\\nLefevere, Peter Paul. He was born in Roulers, Belgium, near\\nGhent, in May, 1804; after passing through a course of theological studies\\nhe offered himself to the American mission, and was ordained a Roman\\nCatholic priest at St. Louis in 1831 after laboring in that region for eight\\nyears he visited Europe, and in 1841 was appointed Bishop of Zela in part,\\ncoadjutor administrator of the diocess of Detroit, and was consecrated in\\nNovember of that year. His administration as Catholic Bishop of ^lichi-\\ngan extended through a period of twenty-eight years, until his death in\\nDetroit, March 4, 1869. His immediate predecessor as Bishop was Fredric\\nRese, who held the office from 1^33 to 1^40; while the administration of\\nGabriel Richard (elsewhere mentioned in this volume) extended back to\\nthe year 1799 and the successor of Bishop Lefevere was C. H. Borgoss,\\nwho entered upon his duties in May, 1870. The work accomplisiied by\\nBishop Lefevere, for his church was perhaps more extensive, but not more\\nimportant than that performed by Bishop Richard. Leaving out of view\\nthe See of Marquette, it appears that within the diocess of Detroit there\\nare now one hundred and sixty organized parishes, in the city itself, not less\\nthan eight churches, and among tlie institutions founded by the late Bishop\\nare the following: St. Mary s Hospital, the Michigan State Retreat, tlie\\nCollege of Lourain, together with several orphan asylums, convents, acade-\\nmies and schools, while his administration of the merely temporal affairs\\nof the church within the State became pre-eminently successful. In his\\nday he traversed the State from one extremity to another, making long\\njourneys in liis cause, and administering to the spiritual wants of his people\\namong the Indian tribes and miners of Lake Superior. By way of show-\\ning his disinterested character, it has been said of him, that his death\\nbrought no profit to his kindred.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 461\\nLewis, William. lie was born in Virginia, and entered the army\\nfrom tliat State as a Captain in 1791 was with General St. Clair in his\\nexpedition against the Indians on the Miami and resigned his commission\\nin 1797. On the renewal of hostilities in 1812 he took charge of a Ken-\\ntucky regiment of volunteers as Lieutenant-Colonel was with General\\nWinchester in his operations in IMichigan; and served with credit in the\\naction against the British and Indians at Frenchtown, in l!^13, butwas un-\\nfortunate in being taken prisoner, with General Winchester and Major\\nMadison, and transported to Quebec, where he was retained until 1 S14,\\nwhen a general exchange of prisoners took place. He was subsequently\\nou duty in Arkansas, and died near Little Rock, January 17, 1825.\\nLeach, De Witt C Born in Clarence, Erie County, New York,\\nNovember 23, 1822. He was self-educated bred a farmer chosen a mem-\\nber of the Michigan Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and a member of the\\nConvention to revise the State Constitution in 1850; he was also State\\nLibrarian in 1855 and 1856, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-\\nfifth Congress from Michigan, serving as a member of the Committee on\\nRevisal and Unfinished Business; also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress,\\nserving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. After leaving Congress he\\nwas appointed an agent f)r the Indians of IMichigan, and subsequently\\npublished some interesting papers on tiie soil, climate, and jiroductious of\\nthe uorthern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.\\nLoNGYEAR, John W. He was born in Shandaken, Ulster county,\\nNew York, October 22, 1820 received a good academic education removed\\nto ^lichigau in 1844; studied law, and came to the bar in 184G; and was\\nelected a Representative from ^Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv-\\ning on the Committee on Commerce, and as Chairman of tlie Committee on\\nExpenditures on the Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con-\\ngress, serving on the same committees he was also a Delegate to the Phil-\\nadelphia Loyalist s Convention of 1866. In 1870 he was appointed by\\nPresident Grant United States Judge for the Southern District of Michigan.\\nLooMis, Cyrus O. He was educated for the bar and when the\\nrebellion commenced was practicing his profession in Cold Water. As\\nalready stated in this volume, he greatly distinguished himself as an oHicer\\nof artillery; and what proved to be one of the most heroic fighting batte-\\nries of the war was honored with his name. He rose to the rank of Brig-\\nadier-General and the writer regrets that he cannot give the particulars\\nof his life.\\nLovELL, Louis S. He was born in Grafton, Windham County, Ver-\\nmont, November 15, 1816 after due preparation he entered Middlebury\\nCollege, where he graduated in 1832; and then he went South and taught\\nscho(tl until 1838. He tlien read law in S[)ringtield, Vermont, and also in\\nNew York City, aud removed to the West iu 1841, locating himself in", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "462 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nIonia, ^lichigan. He was admitted to the bar in 1842; and in 1849 he\\nwas appointed by President Taylor Register of the General Land Ofhce at\\nIonia, which he held until the accession of President Pierce. In 1857 he\\nwas elected Circuit Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of INIichigan for\\nsix years re-elected in 1863 for a second term and in 1869 was re-elected\\nfor a third term, the party opposed to him declining to make any nomina-\\ntion. Although earnestly devoted to his judicial duties, he finds time to\\nparticipate in the local affairs of his town, and is Vice President of the\\nFirst National Bank of Ionia, where he resides.\\nLyon, Lucius. He was born in Vermont, but emigrated to INIichigan\\nwhen quite a young man devoted himself for a number of years to the\\nbusiness of surveying the wild lands of the Territory was a Delegate in\\nCongress from that Territory, during the years 1833, 1834, and 1835; ap-\\npointed a Regent of the State University in 1837; was a Senator in Con-\\ngress from the State of Michigan from L ^36 to 1840; and a Representative\\nin Congress from 1843 to 1845. His last public position was that of Sur-\\nveyor-General in the North-west. Died at Detroit, September 25, 1851.\\nHe left a son who served in the army during a part of the Rebellion, and\\nsubsequently became honorably identified with the Press of Detroit; and\\nbefore entering Congress he had himself edited the Democratic Expounder in\\nMarshall.\\nMack, Stephen and Andrew. The first of these worthy men located\\nhimself in Detroit as early as the year 1799, and was the pioneer merchant\\nof the town. Soon after his arrival, he erected with true Yankee enterprise\\na shanty in the heart of the place, and spread out his goods to the admir-\\ning gaze of thronging customers. He was an Englishman by birth, and\\nhad performed military duty. In 1819 he participated with other Detroit\\ncitizens in building the first grain and saw mills in Pontiac. He was the\\nfather, as we have been informed, of Andrew Mack, who was bred a sea-\\nman, was a Superintendent of Light Houses, Collector of Custoriis for the\\nPort of Detroit for many years, and in 1834 was elected IMayor of the city\\nfor the unexpired term of Charles C, Trowbridge, who had resigned. He\\ndied iu 1854 at an advanced a re.\\nMacomb, Alexander. He was the son of William IMacomb, a fur mer-\\nchant in Detroit, where he was born on the third of April, 17 2. On his\\nmother s side he was descended from the Navarre fixmily of the River Rai-\\nsin. After receiving a good education in New Jersey, was a member of the\\nNew York Rangers, a volunteer corps raised in 1779; was on the staff\\nof General North in the Revolution subsequently made himself useful as\\na dragoon; he was with General Wilkinson in the South-west; was for a\\ntime connected with West Point, where he con)])iled a treatise on martial\\nlaw; became a Captain in 1805; a Major in 1808; had command of an\\nartillery corps in 1812; and after many creditable exploits won special\\nhonor at the battle of Plattsburg for which he received the thanks of Con-\\ngress with a gold medal. After the war, he was stationed at Detroit for\\nmany years; iu 1821 he was made Chief Engineer of the Army, and re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 463\\nmovofl to Washington and in 1835 he was elevated to the position of Com-\\nmander-in-Chief of the Army of the United Slates. He died in Washing-\\nton June io, 1841 was buried with military honors, (all of which he de-\\nserved,) in the Congressional Cemetery, and his resting place was soon\\nmarked by a handsome marble manument. lie was a pure and accom-\\nplislied gentleman, as well as an able oflicer, and had unnnmbered friends\\nin the National IMetropolis as well as the State of his nativity. lie was\\nthe author of a Treatise on ISIartial Law and Courts Martial as prac-\\nticed iu the United States, published in 1800.\\nMacomb, William II. He is the son of Alexander INIacomb, and was\\nborn in Detroit, INIichigan. In 1834 he was appointed a Midshipman in\\nthe Navy from New York; became a Passed-midshipman in 1840 and a\\nLieutenant in 1847. After continuous service in several parts of the world\\nfor nine years, he was attached to the Porhmouih frigate, and parti( i[)ated\\nin the capture of the Barrier Forts, in the Canton river in 1S. when he\\nwas maile a Lieutenant; in 18.59 he had command of the steamer J/cfacome\\non the Brazil station; iu 1860 he was transferred to the steamer Pula- ^ki\\nin l^i)2 he sailed in the Gericssee of the blockading squadron was made\\nCommaiuler in 1862, and performed much arduous duty at Port Hudson\\nand during the years 1864 and 65, he had ommand of the steamer Sham-\\nrock, and for gallantry on the coast of North Carolina, was advanced sev-\\neral numbers in the Navy Register. After the war, he was stationed at the\\nPhiladelphia Navy Yard, and in 18G9, was attached to the Squadron in\\nEuropean waters.\\nMadisox, George. He was born in Virginia in 1763, and while quite\\na mere boy, was a good soldier in the Revolution. He commanded a com-\\npany under General St. Clair in the Northwest, and was wounded was\\nLieutenant of a company of mounted volunteers, under Major John Adair\\nof Kentucky Avas wounded in an attack upon the Indians at Fort St. Clair\\nin 1792 was a Major of Kentucky volunteers under (ieneral Winches ^er,\\nand witli Colon.el Lewis in the battle with the British and Indians at l- ren( h-\\ntown, and also in the defeat on the River Raisin in 1813, when he was cap-\\ntured, and with Winchester and Lewis sent a prisoner to Quebec; but was\\nreleased in 1814. He was for many years Auditor of public accounts in\\nKentucky. In 1816 he was nominated for the office of Governor, and was so\\npopular and beloved, that his opjwnent withdi-ew in the heat of the canvass,\\nand he was duly elected; but died on the 14th of October of the same year\\nat Paris, in Kentucky.\\nIMayiiew. Ika. He was born in Ellesburgh, Jefferson County, New\\nYork, in 1814; after receiving a classical ethw-ation, he became a school\\nteacher in 1832; in 1836 he visited Newfoundland for the benefit of his\\nhealth; on his return in 1837 became Principal of Adam s Seminary;\\nin 1841 Superintendent of the Jefferson County schools; and in 1843 ho\\nremoved to JMichigan, and took charge of the ^lonroe Branch of the State\\nUniversity. In 1845 he was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction;\\nin 1848 received the degree of M. A. from Middlctown University; and iu", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "464 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n1850 he published a work entitled Means and Ends of Universal Educa-\\ntion in 1851 a work on Practical Book-keeping, which went through sixty-\\neditions in ten years. In 1853 he was appointed President of Albion Col-\\nlege in 1854 he was again elected Superintendent of Public Instruction,\\nand, altogether, held the office for eight years; in 1860 he established what\\nwas called the Albion Commercial Odlege; in 1862 he was appointed Col-\\nlector of Internal Revenue for the United States; and then tiring of that\\nkind of employment, resigned the position, and returned to the management\\nof his Commercial College, in which he is still engaged.\\nMarquette, Jacques. He was born at Laon, France, in 1637; in his\\nseventeenth year he joined the order of Jesuits; and in 1666 was sent as a\\nmissionary to Canada. Having a taste for language, he soon acquired a\\nknowledge of six Indian dialects, and in 1668 entered upon his duties in\\nthe country of the Great Lakes. Mackinaw and La Pointe, on Lake Su-\\nperior, were each his home for a time, after which he accompanied Joliet in\\nhis discoveries, visiting the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, preaching in far-\\noflf Arkansas, and founding a mission at Kaskaskia; and having died on his\\nreturn from these extensive labors on the river which now bears his name,\\nhe was, after some delay, buried with much ceremony on the Island of\\nMackinaw. The ruling idea of his mind was an extravagant aftection for\\nthe Virgin Mary, and this peculiarity, blended with his many noble quali-\\nties as a man, won the sympathy of those who knew him, and made him a\\nuniversal favorite. A journal of his adventures, and a map of the Xorth-\\nwest which he designed, have been published and found useful and interest-\\ning to the historical writers of this country. The date of his death was\\nMay 18, 1675, and it is said that his last words, were expressive of his grati-\\ntude to Heaven, because he was about to die in peace, a Jesuit, a mission-\\nary, and alone.\\nMaPvTTN, George. He was born in Middlebury, Vermont, in 1825;\\nacquired a good education, and having adopted the profession of law, re-\\nmoved to ]\\\\Iichigan and settled at Grand Rapids. After holding a number\\nof local positions of honor and trust, he was elected a Judge of^ the Su-\\npreme Court of the State, and was for several years the Chief Justice. He\\ndied in Detroit, December 15, 1867.\\nMason, Stevens Thomson. He was the son of General John Mason\\nof Kentucky, but was born in Virginia in 1812. When nineteen years of\\nage he was appointed Secretary of the Territory of Michigan, performing\\nalso the duties of Governor, and when the State was admitted into the\\nUnion, he was elected its first Governor, and re-elected to the position in\\nwhich he served with credit to himself, and to the advantage of the people.\\nHe died January 4, 1843.\\nMay, James. He was a native of England and settled in Detroit\\nin 1778. The compiler regrets that he cannot furnish the particulars", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 465\\nof this judicial pioneer, who was for many years honorahly identified\\nwith the early history of Michigan, He was a Odonel of Militia; was\\nappointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas about the year 1800;\\nheld the office for seven years; and died in January, 1829. A good por-\\ntrait of him may be found in the Early History of ]\\\\Iichigan, by E. ^I.\\nSheldon. When the American Flag was hauled down, by order of Hull\\nwhen he surrendered Detroit, Ci lonel ]May got possession of the flag, and\\nkeeping it in a safe phice until the arrival of General Harrison, he hoisted\\nit again to the breeze. An account which was jiublished from his pen,\\nrespecting the condition of Detroit in 1778, is a document of very great\\ninterest and value.\\nINIetos, Heturx J. He was born in Middletown, Connecticut, in 17G5\\ngraduated at Yale College; and adopted the profession of law, which he\\nbegan to practice in his native town. In l ^02 he was chosen Chief Justice\\nof the Supreme Court of Connecticut; in 1804 President Jefferson appointed\\nhim commandant of United States troops and militia in Upper Louisiana,\\nand soon afterwards he became one of the Judges of that Territory. In\\n1807 he was commissioned a Judge in the Territory of Michigan, which he\\nresigned in 1808, and was elected (iovornor of Ohio, wliich election was\\ndeclared invalid, as he had not resided the required time in the new .State.\\nHe was at once chosen a Senator in Congress, where he served from 1808 to\\n1810; and he was Governor of Ohio from 1810 uutil 1814, and by his co-\\noperation with General Harrison, did much to help the American cause in\\nMichigan against the operations of the i3ritish. In 1814 he was appointed\\nto take charge of the General PostOiHce Dv^jiartmcnt in Washington, where\\nhe remained until 182; and in whii-li pf)sition his services were important.\\nHe died at Marietta, Ohio, INIarch 29, 1825. His singular name is accounted\\nfor as follows: When his mother was a girl, and had discarded her lover,\\nJonathan Meigs, she suddenly repented her conduct, and running to the\\ndoor, called out, Returiv Joiuithau Retiu*n Jonathan! He did return,\\nand they were married, and their first child they thought proper to identily\\nwith this domestic joke.\\nMcArtirtr, Duncax. He was born in Duchess County, New York,\\nin 1772. When he was eight years of age he removed with his father to\\nPennsylvania, and at the age of eighteen he volunteered in defence of the\\nfrontier settlement of Ohio against the Indians. He studied surveying, and\\nacquired great wealth in the business of buying and selling lands in addi-\\ntion to surveying them. In 1805 he was a member of the Legislature, and\\nin 180G was appointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major-General of Militia. He\\nperformed valuable services during the war of 1813, especially within the\\nlimits of ^lichigan, in which he held a General s commission, and although\\nelected to Congress in IS 12, declined leaving his command; in 181 was\\nagain a member of the Legislature; in 181G was app tinted Commissioner\\nto conchulo treaties with the Indians; from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legis-\\nlature, and Speaker of the House in 1815. He was a Representative in\\nCongress from Ohio from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830 was chosen Governor\\nof the State, which position he held until 1833, and while in that service\\nmet with au accident, from the effects of which, he never recovered.\\n2 D", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "466 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^IcClelland, Robert. Born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in\\n1807. lie graduated at Dickinson College; practiced law for a year or so\\nin Pittsl)urg, and in 1833 removed to Micliigau, and established himself at\\nJNIonroe, where his ])ractiee for many years was particularly successful.\\nHe served for several years in the Legislature of that State, and was a Rep-\\nresentative in Congress from 1843 to 1849. He Avas Governor of Michigan\\nin 1852 and 1853 and in 1853 Avas appointed Secretary of the Interior\\nDepartment by President Pierce, the duties of which position he performed\\nwith recognized ability until 1857. He subsequently settled in Detroit and\\npracticed his profe ^siou there. In 1870 he made a visit to Europe for the\\nbenefit of his health.\\nMcCosKRY, Samuel Allen. He was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania,\\nNovember 9, 1804, and was the son of Dr. Samuel A. IMcCoskry, an emi-\\nnent physician of that place, and grandson of the celebrated Dr. Nisbet,\\ncalled by the trustees of Dickinson College to be its first President. After\\nreceiving the ordinary school education, he was appointed a cadet in the\\nUnited States Military Academy, and numbered among the five distin-\\nguished cadets of the first year he resigned in the Spring of his second\\nyear, and entered Dickinson College. He passed through the regular\\ncourse in two years and three months, and was numbered fourth in his class.\\nAfter he was graduated he read law, and was admitted to the bar in his\\nnative town Avheu twenty-one years of age. At the close of his first year at\\nthe bar he was api^ointed Deputy Attorney General of the County of Cum-\\nberland, which office he held two years. lie remained at the bar six years,\\nand then became a candidate for Holy Orders in the Episcopal Church,\\nand studied Divinity under Bishop Ondcrdonk, of Pennsylvania. At the\\nclose of one year he was ordained a Deacon, and was called as the Rector\\nof Christ Church, Reading, Penn. He received Priest s orders during that\\nrector.-^hip, which continued one year. He was then called to St. Paul s\\nChurch, Philado]])hia, where he renuiincd two years. He was a])pointcd\\nfirst Bishop of IMicliigan by the House of Bisho]) s, and was consecrated in\\nSt. Paul s Church, Philadelphia, July 9, 1836. He was also called to St.\\nPaul s Church, in Detroit. He entered upon his duties as Bishop and Rec-\\ntor, and held the latter office twenty-seven years. As the fund for the office\\nof Bishop was thought sufficient for his support, he resigned the rectorship,\\nand devoted his energies to the Episcopal office. He had originally four cler-\\ngymen in his dioccss, but now (here are eight parishes in Detniit ah)ne, inclu-\\nding missionary stations, and seventy-four clergymen in the dioccss, and\\neighty-one parishes. The Right-Reverend Bishop is not only a Doctor of\\nDivinity, but also a Doctor of Laws, the latter conferred upon him by the\\nUniversity of Oxford.\\nINTcKexney, Titomas Lorraine. He was born at Hopewell, near\\nChcstertown, Maryland, March 21, 1785; received a good education at\\nWashington College, in Chcstertown, and Avas bred a merchant, which busi-\\nness he followed in Georgetown, D. In 181G he was appointed by Prc S-\\nident ^ladison 8u])crintendent of Tmlian affairs; in 1824 he was a]ipointed\\nto ])rcside over the Bureau of Indian Affairs, tiien for the first time organ-\\nized in connection with the War Dejiartmcnt and in 182G he was appointed\\na special commissioner with Lewis Cass to negotiate an ini])ortant treaty", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 4G7\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0w itli tlieChippcwny Indians at Fond du Lac, in tlie Territory of Michiiran.\\nIn 1827 lie ])uhlisiicd a Tour to tlic Lake!?, with illustrations, u\\\\ wiiich\\nare many f,a-aphic sketehcs of JMicliiiran life and scenery and lie also oiiir-\\ninated and published in conjunction with James Hall, Ilistory of the\\nIndian Tribes, a very splendid work, in three folio volumes, and illusti-ated\\nwith one hundred and twenty colored Indian portraits. He also published\\nin 184G two atlditional volumes, jNIcmoirs, Ofiicial and Personal, with\\nSketches of Travel among the Northern and Southern Indians. He was at\\none time a Colonel in the militia, or regular army, and that was the title ])y\\nwhich he was generally known. In his manners and accomplishments lie\\nwas a gentleman of the Old School and his personal appearance was so\\nimposing that the famous artist, Charles Loring Elliott, requested him to sit\\nfor his picture, when was produced one of the most superb portraits ever\\npainted in this country, and which is now in the posscssi(m of James C.\\nMcGuire, of Washington. Colonel McKcnncy died in New York City Feb-\\nruary 19th, 1859. in 1823 an eflbit Avas made by interested parties to\\ninjure his fair fame; and a speech pr defence that he made before a com-\\nmittee of Congress greatly increased his reputation for ability; and that his\\nenemies were unsuccessful was proven by his continuance in the public ser-\\nvice iu a higher sphere than that he had previously occupied.\\nMcKexzik, Alexander. This man was a native of Inverness in\\nScotland spent the greater part of his life as a fur-trader in the wilds of\\nCanada; and iu ISOl he published, in L)ndou, an extensive work entitled\\nVoyages from ^Montreal, on the River St. Lawrence through tiic Continent\\nof x\\\\merica, to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans, iu the years 17S9 and 1793.\\nFor his services as an explorer, and for discovering the great river which\\nbears his name, he received a title from his Goverunieut; but with all the\\nhonors showered upon his head, he did not scruple, on one occasion, to visit\\nDetroit, dressed and painted like a common savage, for the purpose of insti-\\ngating the neutral Indians to become the allies of his Government, and the\\nenemies of the American Republic. He played the i)art of a savage so\\nwell, that ho partially succeeded iu his trickery; and he died as Sir Alex-\\nander ^McKenzie in 1^20.\\nj\\\\IcKxif;iiT, SiiELPON. He was the founder of the Detroit Fire Prc^s\\nin 1 ^29, which soon became, and has ever continued, to be the leading organ\\nof the Democratic party in the State of Michigan. He was at one time\\nPostnuister of Detroit for several years repilted a man of ability and\\nprior to his death, was engaged in the Lake Superior shiiiping interest, and\\nconstructed the nuirinc railway at the Saute de Ste. ]\\\\Iarie, over which the\\nfirst vessels that ever navigated Lake Superior were transported. Died at\\nWashiugtou, D. C, in July, 1S60.\\n^IcLean, John. \u00e2\u0080\u0094As his judicial powers extended over the State of\\n^lichigau, from the time it was admitted into the Uui(jn until his death,\\nit is entirely proper that his services should be recorded in this volume.\\nHe was born iu ^Morris County, New Jersey, in 178o. Four years after\\nhis birth his father emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence lie re-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "4G8 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmoved to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State of Ohio. Here the\\nson received a scanty cducatic n and, having determined to pursue the\\nlegal proicssicn, he engaged at the age of eighteen to Avrite in the Clerk s\\nofiice at Cincinnati, in (.rder to maintain himself, by devoting a portion of\\nhis time to that labor, while engaged in his studies. lu 1807 he was admit-\\nted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of the law at Lebanon, Ohio.\\nIn 1812 he became a candidate to repnsent his district in Congress, and\\nwas elected by a large majority. He professed the political principles of\\nthe Democratic party, being an ardent supporter of the war, and of Presi-\\ndent Madison s administration. In 1814 he Avas again elected to Congress\\nby a unanimous vote a circumstance of rare occurrence and remained\\na member of the House of Representatives until 1816, when, the Legisla-\\nture of Ohio having elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State,\\nhe resigned his seat in Congress at the close of the session. He remained\\nsix years upon the Supreme Bench of Ohio. In 1822 he Avas appointed\\nCommissioner of the General Land Office by President Monroe and ia\\n1823 he became Postmaster-General. In the year 1^29 he was appointed\\nby President Jackson, a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, after\\nhe had refused the ofl er of the War and Navy Departments. He entered\\nupon the discharge of his judicial duties at the January term of 1830, and\\ndied in Cincinnati, April 4, 1861.\\nMiller, Dan B. He was a native of New York, and among the\\nearliest emigrants to the Territory of ]\\\\Iichigan, and settled in ^lonroe in\\n1823. As a merchant and a devoted friend of the Protestant E[)iscopal\\nChurch, he exercised an important inlluence f )r many years in the village\\nand city of Monroe, where he held the ofiice of lleceiver of Public Moneys\\nfor the General Land Office for several years, and where he died in 1850,\\nlamented by a large circle of devoted friends. He left two sons, Van\\nHome and Sidney, the first a resident of Monroe, and the second a lawyer\\nai Detroit.\\nMiXTY, Robert II. G. He Avas born in Mayo, Ireland, December 4,\\n1831 entered the British army in 1 ^49 as an Ensign served five years in\\nthe West Indies, Honduras, and on the coast of Africa in 18-13 he retired\\nfrom the English service and came to America. AVhen the rebellion com-\\nmenced he was a citizen of jNIichigan joined the Third Cavalry as IMajor,\\nat Grand Rapids, in 1861, and soon became Lieutenant-Colonel; he next\\nbecame Colonel of the Fourth Cavalry, and afterwards comtuanded a brig-\\nade; and, as will be seen in the preceding pages, acquited himself with\\ngreat ability (m many battle-fields. The fact tliat it was his regiment which\\ncaptured Jefferson Davis, will long be remembered by the people of JNIichi-\\ngan, but that exploit Avas only one, of very many, that the regiment per-\\nformed iu its long and arduous career.\\n^IiZNER, Jonx K. He Avas born in New York, but appointed from\\nMichigan to tiie West Point Academy, Avhere he graduated in l i56. His\\nfirst service was rendered at Carlisle, Pennsylvania; in 1^57 he Avas assigned\\nto the Second Dragoons as Second Lieutenant; and was on duty in Kansas", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL IlISTOUY OF MICHIGAN 409\\nand the neighboring frontiers. In 1801 he was appointed a Captain in the\\nSecond Cavalry; in 1862 was made Coh)nel of the Third Cavalry of Mich-\\nigan; was made jMajor in l ^G2 lor services at (he battle of Corinth and\\nin 1SG3 Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, ior heroic conduct at Panola, ]Missis-\\nsippi. In 1865 he was appointed a Brigadier-General by brevet of volun-\\nteers, for his meritorious services during the rebellion. In 1866 he was\\nmustered out of the volunteer service; and was subsequently assigned to\\nduty on the frontiers and in Nebraska, according to his Rank in the Kegular\\nArmy.\\n;^^o^RELL, nKOROE. He was born in Lenox, JIassachusetts, in ll^Q;\\ngraduated at AVilliams College; was a United States Judge for the Terri-\\ntory of Michigan subse(iuently an Associate Justice, and in 1842 Chief\\nJustice of the Supreme Court of the State and died iu Detroit in March,\\n1845.\\nMosELEY, Jonathan Ogden. Born at East Haddom, I\\\\Iiddlesex\\nCounty, Connecticut was a graduate of Yale College in 17 0 and a liep-\\nresentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1805 to 1821. lie sub-\\nsequently removed to Michigan, with which he became identified in all\\nhis family and business interests, and died at Saginaw, in that State, Sep-\\ntember 9, 1839, aged seventy -seven years.\\nMuNDY, Edward. He was among the earlier emigrants to the Terri-\\ntory of ^lichigan, and a lawyer by profession. lie was the first Lieutenant-\\nGovernor of the State under the first State Constitution in 1835 and 1836,\\nand again held the same office from 1837 to 1840; in 1847 he was chosen\\nAttorney-General, which office he only held until 1848, when he was made\\nan Associate Justice on the Su[)reme Bench and from 1844 until l ^48 he\\nwas Regent, by appointment, of the State University. He died in Detroit\\niu 1851.\\nNavarre, Peter. He was the grand-son of Robert Navarre, a French\\nofficer who came to America iu 1745 and settled at Detroit, where he was\\nborn in 1790. In 1807 the whole family removed to the mouth of the\\n]\\\\Iaumee. At that time, the widow of Pontiac was living there with her\\nson Olti- m. She was very old, and held in great reverence. Navarre was\\nat the Prophet s town on the Wabash with a French trader, when Geneial\\nHarrison arrived there, just before the battle of Tippecanoe, but escaped.\\nHe joined Hull s army at the Maumee Rapids, was with him at Detroit,\\nand after the surrender, returned to the Raisin and enlisted in Colonel An-\\nderson s regiment. He was there when lirock was ordered to surrender,\\nbut was afterwards compelled to go with the British as a guide up the\\nMaumee, where he deserted and joined Winchester s army. He was an eve\\nwitness of the massacre at the River Raisin. After that he and two brothers,\\nFrancois an l Antoine, were employed as scouts, and performed excellent\\nservice, he, himself, having been one of the most trusty of Harri.son s guides\\nand scouts. The brothers were f )r many years among the must respectable", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "470 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ninhabitants living in the valley of the River Raisin. As late as 1^67 the\\nsubject of this notice was still living on the Maumee, in the enjoyment of\\na peaceful old age.\\nNewbury, Oliver. He was a native of Connecticut, as we have\\nbeen informed, and emigrated to ]\\\\Iichigan about the year ISIG, locating in\\nDetnjit, where he was for many years a successful merchant. But it was as\\na builder of steamboats that he was chiefly known, and it was on account\\nof the splendor of his vessels and the number of lines that he established,\\nextending throughout the length of all the Great Lakes, that he became\\npopulai-ly known as the steamboat king. He was a plain man in his\\nlife and manners, and his business sagacity and abilities Vv ere of the high-\\nest order. He was a man of indomitable enterprise, and far-seeing in his\\nbusiness calculations. It was said of him that for many years he cari-ied\\nall his business papers in his hat, and was i-arely seen uncovered. He was\\nnever married, and was the brother of Walter Newbury, long a prominent\\ncitizen of Chicago; and he died many years ago in Detroit, leaving a name\\nthat was universally respected throughout the State.\\nNoble, Charles. He was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and\\nemigrated to the Territory of Michigan in 1818, locating at Frenchtown, on\\nthe River Raisin. Having received a liberal education, he adopted the\\nprofession of law, and was for nearly half a century one of the most influ-\\nential citizens in that part of the country, Avhere he held a great number of\\npublic positions of a local character. In 1824 he was appointed Prosecu-\\nting Attorney, and held the office several years was also Postmaster of\\nMonroe, a County Judge, Register of Probate, and Fund Commissioner for\\nthe .State. In 1^25 and 26 he was a member of the Legislative Council;\\nAvas largely interested in the IMichigan Southern Railroad, one of its pro-\\njectors, and at one time President of the Company. In 1S50 he received\\nfrom President Taylor the appointment of Surveyor of the Territ(^ry north-\\nwest of the Ohio, holding the position until the close of President Fillmore s\\nterm. Most of the country about tlie Upper Lakes, including the copper\\nand iron regions, Avere surveyed and brouglit into market under his admin-\\nistration of the office, besides much of the Lower Peninsula; it was during\\nthat time, also, that the solar compass was brought into general use, and\\nadopted by the Government. To speak in general terms, he was always\\ndeeply interested in the settlement, growth, and prosperity of IMichigan in\\nits schools and other institutions of learuing, and in tlie moral and religious\\ncharacter of its people; and as a leading man on the River Raisin, he took\\nan active part in all the canals and roads, and in every enterprise connected\\nAvith thcAvell being and prosperity of Monroe and the State generally. He\\nAvas foHowed to the West by a number of brothers, all of Avhom were hon-\\noral)iy identified with the State of IMichigan as legislators or business men.\\nIn tliis connection Ave may remark that the early Anglo-Saxon settlers of\\nIMichigan, who congregated on the River Raisin, as a body of men were\\nuncommonly intelligent and cultivated, and exceedingly enterprising.\\nHowever much they might differ, practically or otherwise, on general sub-\\njects, they were always alive to the interests of Monroe, and in that [)artic-\\nular always acted as a unit, and lost no i)olitical or other influence to which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "BTOGRAPIIICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 471\\nperfect unanimity of thought and action would entitle them. They pos-\\nsessed a commanding influence in the Legislature, and all over the State,\\nand lor many years went by the suuhriquet of the ^Independent State of\\nMonroe.\\nKoBLE, David A. He was born in IMassachnsotts liberally educa-\\nted ad\u00c2\u00ab)[)te(l the profession of law; and on removing to Micliigan was\\nelected a Kepresentative in Gmgross from that State from 1.S5. to 1^55.\\nHas always been a successful practitioner at the bar. He is the brother of\\nCharles Noble, mentioned in the preceding notice.\\nNoble, Louis Legraxd. Ho w:is l)oi-n in Orsego County, New York,\\nin 1S12; in 1824 he removed with his parents to the Territory of JMichigan,\\nwho located themselves on the Ilivcr Hui on, where Ids jioetical sensibilities\\nwere stinuilated by the beauty of thescenery with which he was surrounded.\\nHe was educated chiefly at the General Theological Seminary, in New\\nYork, and in 1840 was ordained a minister of the Protestant Episcopal\\nChurch. The several parislies over which he has ]n-esided were, first, in\\nElizabeth City, North Carolina; second, Catskill, New York third, Chi-\\ncago, Illinois and lastly, in Hudson City, New Jersey. He published an\\nIndian poem entitled Ne-mah-mbi about the year 1842, the scenes of which\\nare laid in IMichigan in 1 57 he puldished a volume of miscellaneous\\npoems and his best productions are TJie Cripple Boji, A Ballad of the\\nOitaivas, and Lines to a Fhjing Swan in the Vale of the Huron, all of which\\nare associated with the State in which he spent his boyhood. He is also\\nthe author of the Life of Thomas Cole, the famous landscape painter, and\\nalso of a delightful volume entitled After Icebergs ivith a Fainter, which\\ncommemorates a voyage that he made to Labrador with another famous\\nlandscape painter, Frederick E. hurch. !Mr. Noble s attachment to jMich-\\nigan is so stnmg that he frecpiently visits tiie State, where mend)ers of his\\nfamily still continue to reside. That he is a true i)oet, and fully appreci-\\nates the grandeul- and beauty of the forests of Michigan, may be readily\\nBeen by the fidlowiug extract from the Groves of the Uivcr Huron\\n0, I am glad yon still are hand in liand\\nIn the grand round of solitude I joy\\nThat* yet in your magnificence ye move\\nWith the rich summer garhmded and feel\\nYc bear for me a welcome on your brows.\\nFor I have loved you from a very boy\\nWith a most tender and unfailing love\\nNay, of 3 our beauty spoken with a zeal\\nThat has begotten many a wish to come\\nAnd kindle cottage tires beneath your green.\\nAnd here I own that I have never gone\\nBeyond the reach of your broad shadows; never\\nBeyond the music of your rustling never\\nBeyond the music of your dropiiiiig dews.\\nYour image has pursued me to the waves,\\nFleecing the rocks with whiteness to the clouds,\\nFleecin-; the mountain summits witii their snow,\\nI own it here, you have possess d me so,\\nSo cooled and shaded me in feverish dreams,\\nSo haunted me, and with my feelings wrought,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "472 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nIn gardens, city parks, and walks embowered,\\nThat I no less could do than seek once more\\nYour presence and your blessing. 1 am here,\\nThou Gothic forest, to be young again.\\nA benison, ye venerable forms,\\nshed upon me from your outspread hands\\nbless me with my boyhood 1 Be to me\\nAll that ye were I\\nNoRVELL, John. He was bred a printer was for a time the editor\\nof a newspaper in Philadelphia was appointed by President Jackson Post-\\nmaster of Detroit and having become identified with the Territory of\\nMichigan, became one of the Senators in Congress from the new State, liav-\\ning served in that capacity from its admission into the Union until 1841.\\nHe was also for several years Attorney for the State, in which position he\\nacquitted himself with ability and in 1837 was a])poiuted a Regent of the\\nState University. He died of apoplexy in April, 1850.\\nOlney, Edward. He was born in Moreau, Saratoga County, New\\nYork, July 24, 1S27 when six years of age he removed with his lather to\\nMichigan, who soon afterwards settled in Ohio as a farmer. He received\\na common school education, under many disadvantages; for several years,\\nbefore becoming of age, he studied Latin, and was engaged in teaching\\nhe next devoted his attention to the study of Greek and French, and had\\ncharge of the Perrysburg Union School in 1853 he received from INIadi-\\nson University, in New York, the degree of A. j\\\\I., and shortly afterward\\nremoved to Kalamazoo, in Michigan, and was nutdc Professor of Mathe-\\nmatics in the Literary Institute of that i)lace taught for ten years in the\\nKalamazoo College, and for a time edited the Michigan Christian Herald\\nand in 18G3 he received, without personal knowledge or solicitation, the\\nappointment of Professor of Mathematics in the University of Michigan.\\nHe is the author of a Mathematical Series, the first of which has been pub-\\nlished and pronounced eminently successful.\\nPalmer, A. B. He was born in Richfield, Otsego County, New York,\\nOctober 6, 1815, and was the son of Benjamin Palmer, a worthy i armer,\\nwho was made blind by an accident f \u00c2\u00bbur years before the birth of his son.\\nHe received an academical education, attended lectures at the Fairfield\\nMedical College, and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons\\nof Western New York in IVdi he removed to Michigan and settled iu\\nTecumseh, where he practiced his profession f)r twelve years; between the\\nyears 1847 and 1H50 he attended the Hospitals of New York and Phila-\\ndelphia; in the latter year he removed to Chicago, where he remained\\nseven years, daring which period, iu 1851, however, he delivered a course\\nof Medical Lectures in the University of Michigan, and in which he has\\nbeen a Professor of two important departments down to the present time.\\nFrom 1852 to 1859 he was the Editor of the Peninsula Journal of Medi-\\ncine and Independent Medical Journal; in 1859 he visited Europe; and\\nwhen the rebellion commenced iu 1861 hevolunteered his services and was\\nappointed a Surgeon in the army, and in that capacity, when his duties as", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 473\\na Professor would allow, served during the whole w^ar. In 1864 he was ap-\\npointed a Professor in the Berkshire oMedical College, INIassachusetts, and\\nsubsequently to a siniihir position in the ^Medical School of !Maine, associ-\\nated with Bow(h)iu College has been a prominent member and Vice Presi-\\ndeut of the American Medical Association and his long connection with\\nthe University of IMichigan is the best proof that iiis services have been\\nhighly valued. During his residence in Chicago he had much to do with\\nthe cholera, and published a pamphlet upon the subject, which went through\\nseveral editions and was highly commended and lie has, besides his many\\nlectures, written a number of reports on questious connected with his pro-\\nfession.\\nParkman, Francis. As this distinguished author has done much to\\nillustrate the history of ]\\\\Iichigau by his writings, we nuist claim the \\\\m\\\\-i-\\nIcge of inserting his name in the present record. lie was born in Boston,\\nSeptcnd)er 1(5, l ^23, and resides in that city. Soon after leaving Harvard\\nCollege, about twenty-five years ago, he conceived the idea of writing the\\nhistory of France and England in North America. The deternnned man-\\nner in wiiich he began his work inspired commendation at the time, and his\\nsubsequent success may well be considered a satisfactory reward. lie made\\nsummer tours into the wilds of Canada and the region of the Great Lakes;\\neast a thought upon the legal profession, but gave it the cold shoiililer vis-\\nited luirope, and then made a ])ilgrimage over the prairies and among the\\nmountains westward of the ]Mississippi river, and gave the ])ublic a charm-\\ning book of personal adventures. This last frolic over, he then entered\\nupon the chosen business of his life with decided earnestness. lie threw\\naside the sandal shoon, and, taking up his pen, began to explore the pub-\\nlished and uii[)ublished records bearing upon his subject, and was so per-\\nsevering in his labors as seriously to im])air his health. Indeed, he was\\nAvell nigh losing his sight altogether, and for several proti acted perit\u00c2\u00bbds was\\ncompelled to suspend his labors. But he continued the battle, revisited\\nEurope, delved into the archives of France, and may to-day be congratu-\\nlated on having accomplished much the largest proportion of his self-\\nassigned task, by the publication of four volumes. The first issued of these\\nproductions was the History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac, and while it\\nmay be read and enjoyed as a separate work, will hereafter be considered\\nas a kind of sequel to the fellow volumes. Of these, three have already\\nbeen published, viz: the Pioneers of France in the New World, the\\nJesuits in North xVmerica in the Seventeenth Century, and the Dis-\\ncovery of the Great West; and the idea of the author, which includes the\\nachievements of both France and England on this continent, will not be\\ncompleted until the publication of several additional volumes.\\nParsoxs, Axdrew. He was born in Hoosaac, Renssalear County,\\nNew York, July 2 J, 1817 brought upon a farm in Oswego County re-\\nceived a common school education, and became a teacher in his sixteenth\\nyear; removed to Michigan iu 18:5.1 aiid became a teacher in Ann Arbor;\\nwas County Clerk of Sliiawasse C )unty from 183t) to 1838 was subse-\\nquently County Register for eight years, and also a Prosecuting Attorney\\nwas elected to the State Senate in 1846 was for a time a Regent of the\\nUniversity of Michigau, by election, fx-om 1852 to 1S54; was elected Lieu-\\n2 D", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "474 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ntentant-Governor of the State in 1852, and on the resignation of Hobert\\nMcClflhin in 1853 he became the Acting Governor, which office he held\\nuntil 1S54. He was next elected to the Legislature, but returning home\\nat the end of the first session in very feeble health, he died in June of that\\nyear, lamented by many friends.\\nPeck, George W. He was born in New York about the year lf^l8\\nremove(l to Michigan, and was a member of the Legislature of that State\\nin 1846 and 1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year; was after-\\nwards chosen Secretary of State and was a Representative in Congress\\nfrom Michigan, from 1855 to 1857.\\nPenniman, Ebenezer Jenckes. He was born in Lansingburgh, New\\nYork when thirteen years of age was apprenticed to the business of print-\\ning, in the office of the New Hampshire Sentinel, at Keene; when eigh-\\nteen years of age he purchased his indentures, and entered upon mercantile\\npursuits in the City of New York removed to Michigan in 1835, and\\nwas elected a Kepresentative from that State to the Thirty-Second Con-\\ngress.\\nPerrault, John Baptiste. He was born in Lower Canada, 1759,\\nand belonged to one of the oldest families in Quebec. After receiving a\\ncollegiate education in that city, he visited Montreal on business for his\\nfather, when he was smitten with a love of wild life, and in 1783 became a\\nbourgeois. He v\u00c2\u00bb ent to what was then the metropolis of the Indian trade,\\nMichilimackiuac, and after some primary trips to the Illinois, he chose the\\nLake country as the theatre of his life and adventures, and there passed\\nnearly sixty years. He died at Saute de Ste. Marie on the I ith Novem-\\nber, 1844 and a sketch of his career was published by Henry K. School-\\ncraft in 1853.\\nPerry, Oliver Hazard. As this man, during his brief but splen-\\ndid career in the AVest, did as much as any other to secure the people of\\nMichigan in their civil and political rights, it would not be proper to omit\\nhis name in this place. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1785;\\nentered the Navy as a IMidsliipman in 1798; served in the Tripolitan war;\\nwas made a INIaster-cominandant in 1812, and in the following year he was\\nappointed to the command of tlie squadron on Lake Erie, where, as already\\nrelated in this volume, he triumphed over the British and restored peace to\\nthe people of Michigan, and won imperishable renown. For this service\\nhe was promoted to the rank of Captain, received the thanks of Congress\\nand of the State of Pennsylvania. After the war he sailed tothe jNIediter-\\nanean under Decatur was subserjuently on duty in the West Indies, and\\nin August, 1820, he was attacked with the yellow fever, which in a few\\ndays closed his bright career of honor at the age of thirty-live.\\nPierce, John D. He was born in New PIam])shire, February IS,\\n1797 brought up in Massachusetts, were he remained until his twentieth", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 475\\nyear; and was educated at Brown University in Ehode Island, with\\nmoney saved chiefly from presents and his own earnings. After graduating\\nwith honors in 1^22, he became Principal of an Academy in New England,\\nand at the end of a year entered tlic Seminary at Princeton, where he\\nstudied theology for one year. In 1824 he settled in Oneida County as\\nPastor of a Congregational Church, where he renuiined until 1830; spent\\nanother year in New England as Principal of Goshen Academy in Connect-\\nicut, and took up his residence in IMichigan in 1831. In 1847 he was elect-\\ned to the State Legislature; re-elected in 1848; and was a mend)er of the\\nState Constitutional Convention of 1^50. AViiile in the Legislature he\\nsecured the passage of bills for Homestead Exemptions, and for the Pro-\\ntection of Women in their Rights of Property, which were the first of tluit\\ncharacter passed in any of the States. Of Lectures and Addresses on Ed-\\nucational, Theological, and Historical subjects, he has published a goodly\\nnumber; and during the two years that he was Superintendent of Public\\nInstruction, he edited and published the Journal of Education. Pie also\\nedited at one time the Democratic Expounder, at Marshall. By general con-\\nsent the creilit has been awarded to him of hiiving been the author of the\\nIMichigan Free School System, and he will long be remembered by the chil-\\ndren and youth of the State, as one who had wisely and earnestly labored\\nto promote their welfare. As a preacher he has accomplished much good\\nin various parts of the State his last public position was that of Superin-\\ntenilent of Public Schools in Washtenaw County; and he is a resident of\\nYpsilanti.\\nPiTcnER, ZiNi. He was born in Washington County, New York, April\\n12, 1797 received a common-school and academical education at the age\\nof twenty he begaji the study of medicine in Vermont, and in 1822 received\\nthe degree of M. D. from Middlebury College and shortly afterwards he\\nwas appointed by President Monroe Assistant Surgeon in the United States\\nArmy, and promoted to full Surgecm by President Jackson, in which posi-\\ntion iie continued until 183G, when he became a permanent citizen of ^lich-\\nigan. While in the army he saw much service in the far Southwest, the\\nSouth, and the Southeast, as well as in the country of the Great Lakes. In\\n1835 he became the President of the Army Medical Board from 1837 to\\n1852 he was a Regent of the University of Michigan took an active part\\nin the organization of its Medical Department, and was made Profes.sor of\\nthe l ]meritus chair of that institution; in 1839 he was appointed a visitor\\nto West Point; in 1840, 41, and 43, he was Mayor of the City of Detroit;\\nand from 1848 to 18G7 lie was the physician and surgeon to St. JMary s IIos-\\npitol in Detroit, and also of the United States Marine Hospital. During\\nall these years he did not neglect his engagements as a private practitioner,\\nbut found time to prepare various professional and literary papers ibr pub-\\nlication, and to attemi the annual meetings, at least nine of them, of the\\nAmerican Medical Association, and was President of the meeting held in\\nDetroit. He was also elected an honorary member of the New York and\\nRhode Island Medical Societies, corresponding member of the Phihulel|)hia\\nAcademy of Natural Science, of the New York Lyceum of Natural His-\\ntory, also of the New York and Minnesota Historical Societies, and a Trus-\\ntee of the ^Michigan State Asyluiu. He is still living in Detroit, with the\\ngrowth and pros]ierity of which he has now been honorably identified foi\\nnK)re than a third of a century.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "476 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPhelps, William W. He was born in Oakland County, Michigan,\\nJune 1, 1S26 he graduated at the University of Michigan in 1846 stud-\\nied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1S4S; and edited a Democratic\\nnewspaper in Oakland County, from 1851 to 1855. In 1852 and 1853 he\\nheld the office of Commissioner for his native County, performing the duties\\nof Judge at Chambers in 1S54 was appointed, by President Pierce, Reg-\\nister of the United States Land Office at Red Wing, in Minnesota; and in\\n1^57 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that\\nState, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. In 1^60 he assum-\\ned the editorship of the Red Wing Sentinel.\\nPoNTiAC. He was born in the year 1720 on the Ottawa river, but\\nearly settled near Michilimackinac, and was an ally of the French in the\\nNorthwest. He made his appearance as an historical character by stoj)piug\\nRobert Rogers on his way to Detroit. He was the head chief of the Otta-\\nwa nation, but he held a kind of despotic sway over the OJibway and Pot-\\ntawattoraie nations, the whole of whom had their camps on the soil of ^lich-\\nigan. As his principal deeds are chronicled in the first part of this work,\\nand as Francis Parkman has made him the subject of an admirable vol-\\nume, our allusions to him will be brief His intellect was strong and capa-\\ncious he possessed a commanding energy, and was as crafty as any of his\\nrace; and though capable of acts of magnaminity, he was a thorough sav-\\nage, treacherous and cruel. His faults, however, were those of his race;\\nand they cannot eclipse liis nobler qualities, the great powers and heroic\\nvirtues of his mind. He was the first Indian who ever issued such things\\nas promissory notes, which were written upon birch bark, signed with tlie\\nfigure of an otter, which was his totum, and all of which notes he faithfully\\nredeemed. From the year 17G0, when ho first met Robert Rogers on the\\nshores of Lake Erie, until he left the Lake country in 1769, he exerted an\\ninfluence and performed deeds of barbaric heroism which have seldom been\\nequalled and it was in the latter year, when he was on a visit to St. Louis,\\nthat he was murdered in cold blood near that town, by a savage enemy of\\nthe Illinois tribe, who had been bribed for that purpose by a not less sav-\\nage English trader named AVilliamson. Over the grave of Poutiac, says\\nParkman, more blood was poured out in atonement, than flowed from the\\nhecatombs of slaughtered heroes on the corpse of Patroclus and the rem-\\nnant of the Illinois who survived the carnage remained for ever after sunk\\nin utter insignificance.\\nPorter, Augustus S. Born in Canandaigua, New York, January\\n18, 1798 graduated at Union College in 181S studied law as a profes-\\nsion, and practiced for twenty years in Detroit, Michigan, of whic .i city he\\nwas chosen INIayor in 1838. lie was a Senator in Congress from Michigan\\nfrom 1840 to 1845 and in 184-* he removed to Niagara Falls, the residence\\nof his father, where he has since lived in retirement. He was also a Dele-\\ngate to the Philadelphia National Union Convention of 1860.\\nPorter, George B. He was a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania\\nreceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law was an", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 477\\nactive and thorough business man served as Governor of the Territory of\\n]\\\\Iichiiran from 1831 to 1834, and died in the latter year, leaving behind\\nhiiu troop.s of friends and u l)right reputation.\\nProctor, Hexry A. lie was born in Wales in 17^7, and entered\\ntlie British army when quite young. On the breaking out of the war of\\n1812, he was dispatched to Amherstburg by General Brock to prevent the\\nlanding of General Hull, Avhom lie defeated at that place and at Browns-\\ntown. He was the man whom the Americans charged with sanctioning the\\nmassacre on the Bivcr Baisin in 1813, after the deieat of (Jeneral Winches-\\nter, and for which conduct he was made a Brigadier-General by his Gov-\\nernment. For his subsequent conduct at the battle of the Thames, he was\\ncourt-martialed, and suspended from rank and pay for six months. lie\\ncommanded again during the war was promoted to the rank of Lieuten-\\naut-General and died at his seat in Wales in 1859.\\nRansom, Epapiiropitus. lie was born in ^lassachnsetts received a\\ncollegiate education; and having studied law, was admitted to the bar in\\nhis native State. He removed to Michigan about the time that it becnme a\\nState, and settled at Kalamazoo; he served a number of years in tlie Legis-\\nlature; was Judge of the Supreme Court, where his field of labor was very\\nextensive; and subsequently, taking a special interest in the building of\\nplank roads in his section of country, he became involved, and in that man-\\nner lost the bidk of his property. He resigned his Judgeship in 1845; and\\nhis term ol service as Governor of the Slate was from 1847 to 1849 and\\nhe afterwards made himself useful to the State by acting as President of\\nthe ^Michigan Agricultural Society. By President Buchanan he was ap-\\npointed Receiver of the Land Office f)r one of the districts of Kansas, and\\ndied there before the expiration of his term. He was a man of sound sense,\\nand left a worthy reputation in Michigan. He was on several occasions\\nappointed a regent of the State University.\\nReynolds. Robert. -He was born in Detroit about the year 1788;\\nwas Deputy Assistant Commissary General in the British army in the war\\nof 1812, and was at the taking of Detroit. He also ])articipated in the\\nbattle of the Thames; was subsequently stationed at Burlington Heights,\\non Lake Ontario and then took up his residence near Ainherstl)urg, on\\nthe Detroit River. He knew both Proctor and Tecumseh well, and never\\nscrupled to denounce the conduct of the firmer while on the IMichigan\\nfrontier, as shameful, and fully justifying the condemnation of the noted\\nIndian warrior.\\nRice, Henry M. He was born in Vermont November 29, 1816 and\\nhaving emigrated to Michigan when it was a Territory, was a resident of\\nKalamazoo during the greater part of his early manhood. Much of his\\nlife was spent among the Indian tribes of the North-western States; in 1840", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "478 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nlie was appointed a Sutler in the army v,as employed as a commissioner\\nin making many Indian treaties of great importance; in 1853 he was elec-\\nted a Delegate to Congress from j\\\\linnesota re-elected in 1855, and was\\nactive in securing the passage of the act authorizing the people of Minne-\\nsota to form a State constitution and in 1857, he Avas elected a Senator in\\nCongress for the term of six years, serving on the Committees on Indian\\nAfTairs and Post Oflices and Post Poads. lie was also a Delegate to the\\nPhiladelphia National Union Convention of 18GG, since which time he has\\nbeen devoted to his private affairs.\\nEiCE, R. N. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, IMay 30, 1814\\nreceived a Public School education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits in\\nConcord of that State, where he remained until 1S44. In that year he en-\\ngaged in the service of the Fitchburg Railroad Company, where he remain-\\ned until 1846 w-hcn he removed to JMichigan and became Disbursing Offi*\\ncer of the Michigan Central Railroad, and after occupying that position\\nfor two years, he became Master of Transportation, or what is now styled\\nAssistant General Superintendent; and in 1855 he was appointed the\\nGeneral Superintendent, in which position he continued until 1867, when\\nhe resigned. It would thus appear that IMr. Rice was connected, in a\\nprominent manner, with the vital business interests of Michigan for about\\ntwenty years. The gross receipts of the Michigan Central for one month\\nin lf^46, when he joined the company, amounted to $14,000 on 143 miles;\\nwhile the receipts for the corresponding month in 1867, when be left the\\ncompany, amounted to $300,000 on 269 miles, and the earnings of some of the\\nfall months of the same year, amounted to nearly half a million of dollars.\\nAccording to Henry M. Flint, in his Illstori/ of Railroads, the admirable\\nand successful management of the JMichigan Central Railroad, is due, in a\\ngreat measure, to the personal exertions and experience of its late General\\nSuperintendent.\\nRichard, Gabetel. He was ])orn at Saintes, France, October 15,\\n1764; was educated at Anglers received orders as a Priest at Paris in 1791;\\nwas made Vicar-General of the order of Sulpitians came to America in\\n1 792 was for a time Professor of Mathamatics in St. JMary s College, IMary-\\nland subsequently kibored as a Missionary in Illinois, and settled at De-\\ntroit in 1798. In 1809 lie visited Boston, and took a printing press to De-\\ntroit, where he started a Journal called tl)e Michigan Essay, which was not\\nsuccessful he then published several Roman Catholic books and the Laws\\nof the Territory, all in French in 1^U2 he was taken prisoner by the lirit-\\nish, and, after his release, finding his people destitute, i)urchase(l wheat at\\nhis own expense and distributed freely among them. During his ministry\\nit became his duty, according to the rules of the Church, to excomnumi-\\ncatc one of his parishioners who had been divorced from his wife. The un-\\nhappy husband ])rosecuted him for defamation of character, and obtained\\na verdict of one thousand dollars. This money the Priest could not jjay,\\nand he was consequcully imprisoned in the common jail; but just before\\nthis event in 1^23, he had been elected a delegate to Washington, and he\\nwent directly from his prison to the floor of Congress, He wrote several\\nlanguages, and was a man of superior ability and rare benevolence; and\\ndied iu Detroit, September 13, 1832, universally lamented.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 479\\nEicnAiiDSON, Israel B. lie was l)orn in FairHix, Vermont, in 1819;\\nappointed from ]\\\\Iicliigan to Uie West Point Academy, where he graduate(l\\nin 1841 as a Lieutenant was on duty in Florida, Missouri, and Louisiana;\\nserved in the war with JMexico, and was witli General Taylor at the battles\\nof Palo Alto and Itcsaea; witli General Beott at Vera Cruz, Puelda, and\\nMolino del Hey; in 1851 he was promoted to the rank of Captain, ami as-\\nsigned to duty in JMexico and Texas; and in lS.j.3 he resigned his commis-\\nsion in the army, and settled as a farmer in Pontiac, JMiehigan. On (he\\nbreaking out of the rebellion, he took an active interest in military affairs;\\norganized, and took to the field as Commander the Second Infantry of ]\\\\Iichi-\\ngan was soon translerred to the; commanrl of a Brigade; served with dis-\\ntinction in the Virginia-Peninsula Campaign, and was made a Brigadier,\\nand soon afterwards a JNIajor-General of Volunteers and having been\\nwounded at the battle of Antietam, JNIaryland, died from his Avounds at\\nSharpsburg, November 3, 1862. He was a brave and able officer, and his\\nloss was deeply lamented by the army.\\nEoBEKTS, E. J. Tie was born in New York and bred a printer; after\\npublishing and conducting a paper at Rochester for some years, he removed\\nto INIichigan, and was long associated with the newspaper press of Detroit;\\nhe was a Delegate to the Constitutional Cdnvention of 1850; subsequently\\nsettled in the Lake Superior Region, where he carried on an extensive busi-\\nness served a number of years in the State Legislature and after a long,\\nuseful, and honorable life, died many years ago.\\nRoBEHTS, Robert E. He settled in Detroit as early as 1827, and has\\nbeen intimately identified with the progress of that city down to the present\\ntime. In 1855, for the gratification of his old friends, he published a small\\nvolume entitled Sketches of the City of Detroit, which abounds in origi-\\nnal information gathered from his long experience. Possessing a taste for\\nletters and the arts, he has long been foremost among those who take pleas-\\nure in fostering the public taste. When the water-works of Detroit were\\nprojected, he took a special interest in the important enterprise, was made\\nSecretary of the Board which had them in charge, and has ever since de-\\nvoted himself to bringing them to their present perfection.\\nRobertson, John. He was born in Banffshire, Scotland, January 2,\\n1814, and educated at one of the best schools in that secti(jn of country.\\nHe preferred a military profession, and desired to enter the British army,\\nbut was opposed in this by his uncle, the late Sir John Forbes, of Lond(jn,\\nthrough whose iniluencc he expected to obtain a commission. In place\\nof a position in the armv, his uncle secured for him an appointment in the\\nGeneral Post Office in Edinburgh, and iu 1829 he entered that Office. Dis-\\nappointed at not getting into the army, and disliking the confinement of\\nthat oflice, he left it in 1833. Making up his mind fidly for a military life,\\nhe concluded to immigrate to the United States and enter the army. Arri-\\nving at Montreal, he started on foot for the nearest American rendezvous,\\nwhich he reached at Burlington, Vermont, where, on the-2d of July, 1833,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "480 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe entered as a private in the United States Army. In the spring of 1834\\nhe Avas sent to the 5th United States Infantry, stationed at Fort Howard,\\nGreen Bay, then in Wisconsin Territory. Soon after joining the regiment\\nhe was appointed a non-commissioned officer, and served the most part of\\nsix years as Quartermaster-Sergeant and Sergeant-^Iajor of the regiment.\\nAfter his term of service expired, he was engaged in the Quartermaster\\nand Commissary Departments at Prairie du Chien, and went with the regi-\\nment from that post to Detroit in 1840. Soon after arriving at Detroit he\\nwas emph^yed by Brady Trowbridge, merchants of that city, and a few\\nyears afterwards went with one of the partners to Mexico, and engaged in\\nmercantile business connected with the United States army, and remained\\nthere about eighteen months. Returning to Detroit, he rejoined Mr. Trow-\\nbridge, and a few years later became his partner, the two doing business as\\ncommission merchants, under the firm of C. A. Trowbridge Co. In\\nMarch, 18Gl,he was appointed by Governor Blair, Adjutant-General of the\\nState, serving in that capacity throughout the war of the Rebellion, and has\\nheld the office until the present time. He has been identified with the\\nmilitia and State troops of ]\\\\lichigan for about twenty years, and received\\nhis first commission as a Lieutenant of Independent State troops from Gov-\\nernor Bingham, in November, 1855.\\nRogers, Randolph. According to a statement already made in\\nthese pages, this eminent sculptor was born in Michigan, and in eai ly life\\nwas a resident of the State; but Henry T. Tuckerman, in his book of\\nAmerican artists, gives Virginia as the native State of the sculptor. At\\nany rate he is performing a great work, commemorative of the jjatriotism\\nof Michigan, and for that reason he must be noticed here. He abandoned\\nmercantile pursuits in early lil e, and turned his attention to sculi)ture.\\nAfter a few years of study in Rome, he returned to this country and made\\nhis mark by the exhibition of Nijdla, the Blind Girl of Pompeii, ^4 Boy\\nand Dog, and other similar productions. Returning to Rome, he made a\\nstatue of John Ada7ns, designed bas-reliefs ibr the bronze doors of the new\\nCapitol extension in Washington, also a monumental work entitled The\\nAngel of the Resurrection, and occupied himself in furnishing the designs for\\nthe Washington Monument in Richmond, Virginia, which work had been\\ncommenced by the lamented Crawford. Among his more popular produc-\\ntions may be mentioned one entitled Ruth and another called Isaac. In\\n1867, and while engaged upon a monumental work for the State of Rhode\\nIsland, he received an order from the citizens of Michigan for the design\\nand building of the elaborate and costly monument already described iu\\nthis volume, to be erected in Detroit in memory of the heroes who lost their\\nlives in defending their country from the assaults of the late Rebellion.\\nRogers, Robert. He was a native of New Hampshire; a sturdy\\nand adventurous soldier commanded a body of provincial rangers, and\\nstood in high repute as a partisan officer, whose chief theatre of action was\\nin the region of Lake George; and f)r a time he was Governor of Michili-\\nmackinac. To him was entrusted the expedition which was sent out by\\nGeneral Amherst, after the surrender of Michigan by France to Euj^land\\nin 1759, and his first meeting with Pontiac and subsequent services in the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 481\\nNorthwest will be found duly recorded in another part of this volume.\\nHe subsequently served iu Algiers at the opening of the war of Inde-\\npendence he returned to his country, espoused the 15ritish cause and re-\\nceived a Colonel s commission from the Crown was proscribed by the act\\nof New Hampshire in 1778, and died in obscurity. Besides a work entitled\\nA Concise Account of North America, he published a Journal of his\\nExpedition to Detroit, when he took possession of the ports of Michigan;\\nand also a drama entitled Ponteach, or the Savages of America. The\\nname of Roger s Rangers has passed into history, and a prominent\\nmountain on Lake George bears his name to this day.\\nRoMEYN, TiiEODORK. He was born in Hackinsack, New Jersey, in\\nAugust, 1810, and is descended from the Knickerbocker stock of that re-\\ngion educated at Rutger s College; and studied law with Peter D. Vroom\\nand Samuel L. Southard in New Jersey, and with Benjamin F. Butler in\\nAlbany, coming to the bar in 1832. In the summer of 1835 he visited\\nMichigan on a tour of pleasure, going in a INIackinaw boat as far as Lake\\nSuperior with a party of ladies, and in the spring of 1836 he returned and\\nsettled in Detroit. After remaining in that city for twelve years in the\\nconstant practice of his profession, and uniformly declining all proflers of\\noffice, he removed to New York city in 1848, and in 1858 he again became\\na resident of Detroit, to which he is bound by many endearing associations,\\nand where he expects to spend the remainder of his days. Although brought\\nup in the Democratic scliool of politics, he was an earnest supporter of\\nPresident Lincoln, and of the war for the Union, and in consequence of\\nhis popularity as a speaker, was frequently called upon to deliver S2)eeches\\nof encouragement or welcome to the troops assembled in Detroit during the\\nwar. Among his more notable successes as a lawyer may be mentioned, lirst,\\nhis eflf()rts, single-handed, to prove the unconstitutionality in both the State\\nand Federal courts of the general banking laws of the State, which resulted\\nin so much financial disaster many years ago secondly, his efforts in bring-\\ning about a change in tlie policy of the General Government respecting\\nthe locating of public lands in the mineral region of Lake Superior, under\\nwhat were called Mineral leasee, which he maintained were invalid and\\nalthough iiis legal services in behalf of the State and country have been\\nrecognized as important, he has never asked or received a single dollar in\\nthe way of compensation for such services. His declared hostility to what\\nwas known as the wild cat banks, naturally raised a great deal of oi)po-\\nsition to him personally; and when he subsequently thought proper to\\naccept a commission from the contracting parties in New York fur negoti-\\nating an important loan in that city for tlie benefit of the State, he was\\nsubjected to much further animosity but these unhappy and semi-political\\ndifl erences have been well nigh f )rgotten, and all men acquainted with the\\nhistory of those times, acknowledge that his course in the whole transac-\\ntion was only fair and honorable.\\nRowland, Thomas. He was born in Ohio served as a JIajor of\\nInfantry under General Hull, in 1813 and 14; and retired from the army\\nin 1815, locating in Detroit. He held the position of Secretary of the\\nTerritory of Michigan was subsequently appointed United States Marshal\\n2 E", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "482 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nfor the Detroit district was appointed Postmaster of that city by General\\nHarrison was also elected Secretary of State in 1840, and died in Detroit\\nin August, 1848. Pie was a man of culture and highly esteemed, and in\\n1819 he read a paper before the Detroit Lyceum on Hull s Campaign, which\\nhas frequently been quoted with commendation.\\nRucKER, Daniel H. He was born on Grosse Isle, Detroit River, and\\nwas a resident of Michigan, Avhen appointed, in 1837, a Second Lieutenant\\nin the Light Dragoons, and subsequently performed much official duty\\nwithin the limits of the State. In 1838 he became an assistant in the Sub-\\nsistence Department of the Army in 1844 a First Lieutenant and a Cap-\\ntain in 1S47. He served in the jMexican war, and had command of a\\nsquadron at the battle of Buena Vista, and for his gallantry and meritori-\\nous conduct he was breveted a Major. In 1849 he was transferred to the\\nQuartermaster s Department, with which he has ever since been connected,\\nand in which, during the Rebellion, he performed at Washington an im-\\nmense amount of the most arduous labor. Although holding the rank of\\nCohmel in the army, he was made a Brigadier-General, and also a Major-\\nGeneral by brevet, f )r diligent and faithful services during the late Rebel-\\nlion. After the war he was made Chief Quartermaster for the District of\\nthe East, with his headquarters at Philadelphia; but was subsequently as-\\nsigned to similar duty in the North-west, with his headquarters at Chicago.\\nSchoolcraft, Henry Rowe. He was born, in Albany, New York,\\nMarch 28, 1793; educated at Middlebury College; in 1817 he visited the\\nWest, and published a work entitled A View of the Lead ]\\\\Iines of Mis-\\nsouri in 1820 he was appointed geologist of the exploring expedition,\\nunder General Cass, to Lake Superior and the head of the Mississippi, and\\npublished an account of it in 1821 made a second tour to the West, and\\npublished Travels in the Central Portions of the JNIississippi Valley in\\n1822 he was appointed an Indian agent fn- the Northwest from 1828 to\\n1832 he was a member of the Territorial Legislature of iMichigan in the\\nformer year founded tlie Michigan Historical Society at Detroit, and in\\n1831 the Algic Society; in 1832 he made another expedition to the West,\\nand discovered the source of the Mississippi, of which he published an\\naccount in 1834 in 1836 he made an Indian treaty, which secured sixteen\\nmillion aci es of land to the United States; removed to New York City in\\n1841; visited Europe in 1842; ])ublished, by authority of the State of New\\nYoi k, in 1848, JSotcs on the Iroquois about that time published a book of\\nIndian legends, entitled Alrjic liesearchcs commenced the publication in\\n1850 for the Government, of Historical luformation Hespecting the Uistory,\\nCondition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States, which\\nresulted in six quarto volumes, illustrated by Captain Seth Eastman; and\\nafter many years of suffering from rheumatic affections, which he bore with\\nrare Christian fortitude, he died at his residence in Washington City Decem-\\nber 10, 1804. The total number of his publications, as his widow iaf)rmed\\nthe writer, was thirty-one; and as the historian of the American Indians,\\nhe will always be considered the leading authority. While he did not\\naspire to the title of poet, he nevertheless wrote verses occasionally and\\none of his poems, because of its association with Michigan and the fate of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 483\\nits aborigines, may with propriety be appended to tins notice. It is enti-\\ntled Geekale, an Indian Lament\\nThe black-bird is singing on Michigan s shore,\\nAs sweetly nnd gaily as ever befure;\\nFor he knows to his male he at i)leasure can hie,\\nAnd the dear little brood she is t aching to fly.\\nThe sun looks as ruddy and rises as bright,\\nAnd reflects o er the mountains as beamy a light\\nAs it ever reflected, or ever expressed.\\nWhen my skies were the bluest, luy dreams wore the best.\\nThe fox and the panther, both beasts of the night,\\nRetire to their dens on the gleaming of light;\\nAnd they sp-ing with a free and sorrowless track,\\nFor they know that their mates are expecting them back.\\nEach bird and eacli beast it is bless d in degree\\nAll nature is cheerful, all happy but me.\\nI will go to my tent and lie down in despair\\nI will paint me with black, and will sever my hair\\nI will sit on the shore, where the hurricane blows,\\nAnd reveal to the God of the teiupest my woes.\\nI will weep for a season on bitterncjss fed,\\nFor my kindred are gone to the hills of the dead;\\nBut they died not by hunger, or lingering decay,\\nThe steel of the white man hath ^wepl them away.\\nThis snake-skin, that once I so sacredly wore,\\nI will toss with disdain on (he storm-beaten shore\\nIts charms I no longer obey or invoke,\\nlis spirit has left me, its spell is uow broke.\\nI will raise up my voice to the source of the light,\\nI will dream on the wings of the blue-bird at night\\nI will speak to the s[)irits that whisper in leaves.\\nAnd that minister balm to the spirit that grieves\\nAnd will take a new .Manitou such as shall seem\\nTo be kind and propitious in every dream.\\n0, then T shall banish these caikering sighs,\\nAnd tears shall no longr gush salt from my eyes.\\nI shall wash from my face every cloud-colored stain\\nRed, red shall alone on my visage remain\\nI will dig up my hatchet and bend my ash bosv,\\nBy night and by day 1 will follow the foe\\nNor lakes shall impede me, nor mountains, nor snows.\\nHis blood can alone give my spirit repose.\\nThey came to my cabin when heaven was black,\\nI heard not their coming, I knew not their track\\nBut I saw by the light of their iilazing fucees\\nThey were people engendered beyond tho big seas.\\nMy wife and my children spare me the tale I\\nFor who is there left that is kiu to Geehale\\nSibley, Ebexezer S. He was the son of Solomon Sibley, and born\\nin Ohio entered the We^t Point Academy from INIichigan and was grad-\\nuated in 1827 as Second Lieutenant in the Artillery he served at Fort\\nMonroe in Virginia, Fort Independence in i\\\\Ias.sachiisett.s, Fort Moultrie in\\nSouth Carolina, and then on Engineer duty until 1834, when he was made\\nFirst Lieutenant. In 1836 he was in tho Florida war; in 1837 and 1838,\\non Indian duty, and as aid to General Brady; from 1838 to 1840 he was", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "484 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\non duty at Savannah, Georgia; was again in the Florida war from 1840 to\\n1842; also as Captain on duty in Maine, IMassachusetts, and Texas; served\\nin the Mexican war, and was present at the battle of Buena Vista, and for\\ngalhmt conduct was appointed a Major by brevet in 1848; from 1848 to\\nliJSl he was on duty in Detroit; and after service in New Mexico and\\nKansas, he became an Assistant in the Quartermaster s Department at\\nWashington in 1856, with the title of Staff Major; and from 1S61 to 1864\\nhe was Principal Assistant and Deputy Quartermaster General, with the rank\\nof Lieutenant-Colonel of Staff, He resigned his Commission in the army\\nin 1864, since which time he has been the Vice President of two important\\nmining companies of Lake Superior.\\nSibley, Henry H. He was the son of Solomon Sibley, and born in\\nDetroit in 1811 spent much of his early life on the Northwestern frontier;\\nand was for many years an Indian trader in the employ of the American\\nFur Company at Mackinaw and at Fort Snelling. From 1849 to 1853 he\\nwas a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Minnesota; and having\\nwitnessed its progress from a wilderness to an organized State, he was elect-\\ned in l -*57 its first Governor, serving until 1858. He was a Brigadier-Gen-\\neral of volunteers during the great Rebellion commanded an expedition\\nagaiust the Indians in 1863, and was subsequently breveted a IMajor-Gen-\\neral of volunteers. He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland Soldiers\\nConvention of 1866; and in 1867 was appointed a visitor to the West\\nPoint Academy.\\nSibley, Solomon. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts, October\\n7, 1769. He studied law, and removed to Ohio in 1795, establishing him-\\nself first at Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of his profes-\\nsion. He removed to Detroit in 1797, and in 1799 was elected to the first\\nTerritorial Legislature of the Northwestern Territory. In 1819 he took\\npart in what was called the Pontiac Mill Company, which erected the\\nfirst flouring and saw mills in that town. He was a Delegate to Congress\\nfrom the Territory of Michigan, from 1 20 to 1823; in 1^24 he was appoint-\\ned Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the office until 1836, when he\\nresigned in consequence of increasing deafness. He died at Detroit, April\\n4, 1846. He was universally respected for his talents and manif )ld virtues.\\nHe left three sons, two born in Detroit, ^lichigan, and all of whom have\\nconferred honor upon the family name as public men.\\nShearman, Francis W. He was born in Vernon, Oneida County,\\nNew York; graduated at Hamilton College in that State, in his nineteenth\\nyear; soon afterwards removed to Michigan and settled at Detroit; and\\nwas for a time an assistant of Henry R. Schoolcraft when engaged in mak-\\ning treaties with the Indians. He subsequently studied law, and after his\\nadmission to the bar, became a resident of Marshall, about the year 1840.\\nBesides a variety of local positions of honor and trust, he was elected to\\nthe Legislature, and was for some years Superintendent of Public Instruc-\\ntion; and although always devoted to his profession, he officiated for sev-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 485\\neral years as Editor of the Democratic Expounder in Marshall. In 1852\\nhe published a very useful work on the System of Public Instruction, and\\nthe Primary School Laws of Michigan. He is still a citizen of Marshall.\\nSheldox, Electra M. With the personal history of this lady, the\\nwriter is unacquainted, but he does know that she has reflected honor upon\\nherself and the State of Michigan with her pen. Wiiile editing a literary\\nperiodical in Detroit, in 1858, she commenced the publication of such facte\\nas she could obtain concerning the early history of Michigan. General\\nCass took an interest in her enterprise, and presented lier with a mass of\\ninteresting documents bearing upon her studies, which he had obtained in\\nParis. These, with her own materials, slie worked up into a valuable work,\\nwhich she published in 1S5G, entitled The Early History of Michi ^an,\\nfrom the first settlement to 1815. In 18G0 Mrs. Sheldon j)ublislied an-\\nother work entitled The Clevelands; showing the influence of a Christian\\nFamily in the New Settlements.\\nSheldox, Jony P. He was the founder, in 1817, of the Detroit Ga-\\nzette, which continued to flourish until 18o0, when the office was burned and\\nthe paper suspended. During the term of William Woodbridge upon the\\nbench, a man named John Reed was tried in the court before a jury and\\nfound guilty, and in noticing the case, Mr. Sheldon was very severe upon\\nthe court, declared that he had a perfect right to print his own opinion, and\\nuttered the curious boast that he had scourged one set of Judges off the\\nBench, and most of them out of the Territory. For this assault he was\\nhimself tried and fined five hundred dollars, which sum, although abund-\\nantly able, he refused to pay, and consequently suffered a short imprison-\\nment.\\nSMixn, Henry. He was born in New York graduated at the United\\nStates Military Academy in 1815, and at once appointed a Third Lieu-\\ntenant of Artillery in 1816 he was made a Second Lieutenant of Infantry,\\nserving in the Garrison at Greenbush from 1816 to 1819. During the four\\nfollowing years he was on Quartermaster s duty at Sackett s Harbor and\\nPlattsburgh, New York; Green Bay, in Wisconsin; Fort Brady. in Michi-\\ngan; and Fort Smith, in Arkansas; from 1823 to 1826, as a First Lieu-\\ntenant, he served on the Staff of General Scott; and during the following\\nten years he was stationed at Jefferson Barrack, in Missouri; served as a\\nCaptain in the Black Hawk war, and was present at the battle of Bad Axe,\\nand also served as an Engineer, resigning his commission in 1836. From\\n1S36 to 1840 he was a Civil Engineer in the service of the United States,\\nsuperintending harbor improvements on Lake Erie; was a member of the\\nMichigan Legislature in 1S37 and 1840; Di.sbursing Agent for the Indian\\nDepartment in 1838; Major-General of the Michigan Militia from 1841 to\\n1846; and Mayor of Monroe in the latter year. In 1^47 he wasreapi ()inted\\nin the Army with the rank of Major, performing quartermaster s duty at\\nDetroit antl in the war with Mexico, and died at Vera Cruz, July 24, 1847.\\nHe always took a special interest in the public affairs of Michigan, and\\nleft a large circle of friends.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "486 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN-.\\nSmith, Joseph R. He was born in Kew York, and graduated at the\\nWest Point JNIilitary Academy in 1823. As a Lieutenant he served at\\nSaute de Ste. Marie fn m 1823 to 1825; in 1826 -was assigned to Topo-\\ngraphical duty in ]Scw York and on the frontiers; uas stationed at Fort\\nMackinaw from 1832 to 1^33; at Fort Brady from 1833 to 1835; after\\nwhich he was sent to Florida, and i or his services there and elsewhere, he\\nwas promoted to the rank of Captain. He took an active fiart in the war\\nwith Mexico was ])rescnt at the siege of Vera Cruz, the battles of Cerro\\nGordo, Oka Laka, Contrcras, and Churubusco, in which lie Avas twice\\nWounded, and for his gallant and meritorious services was appointed Brevet\\nMajor iu 1847. In 1851 he Vv-as promoted to the rank of IMajor of the\\nSeventh United States Infantry, and was absent from duty ou sick leave\\nfrom 1851 to 1862. Iu 1\u00c2\u00a361 he was retired for disability from w ounds\\nreceived iu battle; but as the Rebellion progressed he was again called upon\\nand performed much important duty as Mustering and Disbursiug officer\\niu Michigan, as Military Commander of the District of Michigan, as Com-\\nmissary of Musters in the Northern Department, and the Department of\\nOhio and of the Great Lakes. In 1865 he was made a Brevet-Colonel for\\nmeritorious services during the Rebellion; and shortly afterwards was bre-\\nveted Brigadier-General lor long and faithful services iu behalf of his\\ncountry.\\nSprague, William. lie was born in Rhode Island, and, removing\\nto Michigan, Avas a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1849\\nto 1851 and died soon afterwards.\\nStanley, J. M. He was. born in Canaudaigua, New York, in 1814;\\nspent his boyhood chiefly in Buffalo removed to Michigan iu 1834, and iu\\ntlie following year commenced his profession of Portrait Painting in De-\\ntroit; between the years 1^ 37 and 1^39 he resided iu Chicago and Galena,\\npainting much among the Indians at Fort Si ielliug subsequently practiced\\nhis art iu New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Troy; in 1842 travelled\\nextensively over the western prairies, painting the portraits, iu full costume,\\nof leading chiefs around Fort Gibson, iu Texas and New Mexico; crossed\\nthe Rocky ]\\\\Iouutains with the Kearney and Emory Expeditions, and after\\nperforming much important labor for the Government iu California, he\\nvisited Oregon, travelled extensively along the Columbia River, taking\\nsketches and painting pictures of uuiny varieties, in great numbers; after\\nwhich he spent more tliau a year in the Sandwich Islands, and iu 1851 set-\\ntled in Washington City, where he resided until 1863, when he returned to\\nDetroit, where it is likely he will spend the remainder of his days. For\\nseveral years, a chief attractit)U of the Smithsonian Institution in Washing-\\nton, Avas a very exteusive collection of Indian .Portraits and miscellaneous\\npictures, painted by Mr. Stanley, but they were unfortunately destroyed by\\nfire. As a delineator of Indian character he has never had a superior iu\\nthis country, and among his historical paintings are several of great inter-\\nest depicting events iu tlie history of INIichigan, which have been reproduced\\nin chroino-lithograi)h. Admirable jiortrails from his pencil, of distinguished\\nmen, are to be fond in all ])arts of the ccjuntry.\\nStcvexs, Hestor L. He was born iu Lima, Livingston County, New\\nYork, iu October, 1803 received a good English and classical education", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL niSTOHY OF MICHIGAN. 4,37\\nadopted the profession of law was for several years conneeted with (he\\npress in lioeliester and having taken up his residence in ]\\\\Iichijran, was\\nelected a Representative in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1 S55.\\nDied in Georgetown, 1). C, May 7, 1864.\\n8t. Clair, ARTntiR. He was horn in Edinlnirgh was a Lieutenant\\nunder General Wolfe, and subsequently settled in Pennsylvania, where he\\nbecame a naturalized citizen. At the commencement of the Kevolution\\nhe joined the American Army; and in 1777 was appointed a Major Gen-\\neral, and served with distinction. In 1783 he was elected President of the\\nCincinnati Society of his ad()])ted State; was a delegate to the Continental\\nCongress from 1785 to 1787, and in the latter year was chosen President of\\nthat body. He was afterwards appointed Governor of the Northwest Ter-\\nritory, which then included Michigan, and in 1790 he commanded an army\\nagainst the JMiami Indians. He resigned his commission as j\\\\Iajor General\\nin 1792, and the closing yeaVs of his life were passed iu obscurity and jjov-\\nerty. lie died in 1818; and although some of his military acts caused\\nmuch discussion, he was honored by having his name affixed to one of the\\ncounties of the State; but tlie boautif;d lake which borders the Detroit\\nregi(m of ]\\\\Iichigan was so named by the. early missionaries on account of\\nthe purity of its waters, and not, as many suppose, after the General.\\nStoughton, William L. He Avas born in New York March 20,\\n1827 studied law, and, on coming to the bar, settled in Sturges, Michigan,\\niu 1851 from 185G to 18(J() he was a Proseeutim^ Attorney in 1 !G1 he\\nwas appointed by President Lincoln United States District Attorney for\\nMichigan, which he soon resigned he then entered the volunteer arn iy as\\nLieutenant-Cohmel, was promoted a (Jolonel, and commanded in ail the\\noperations of his regiment until wounded at Atlanta. During the war he\\nwas breveted a Brigadier-General f)r galhintry in the liohl, and after\\nthe war he was breveted a Major-General. He had the credit of firiu the\\nfirst gun at Chickamauga; commanded a brigade at Mission Ritlge, and\\niu the Atlanta campaign and lost a leg by a cannon-ball at Rupp s Sta-\\ntion, iu front of Atlanta. In 18GC) he was elected Attorney-General of\\nMichigan, and in 1 ^G8 a Representative from that State to the Forty-first\\nCongress, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs and Revolutionary\\nPensions. He resides iu Sturgis, and was re-elected to the Forty-second\\nConjrress.\\nStrickland, Randolph. He was born in Danville, Steuben County,\\nNew York, February 4, 1823 received a common school education and\\nengaged in teaching; removed to Michigan in 1844, and studied Iaw; came\\nto the bar in 1 ^49; was Prosecuting Attorney f\u00c2\u00bbr Clinton County in 1852,\\n1854, 185G, 1 !58, and 18G2; was elected to the State Senate in l8Gl and\\n1802; was a Provost Marslial from lS(j3 to 18(i5 member of the State\\nRe])ublican Committee; a Delegate to the National Conventions of 1856\\nand 1808; and was elected a Representative fi-om Michigan to the Forty-\\nFirst Congress, serving on the Cv)mmittees on Insalid Pensions, aud Klines\\nand Mining. He resides in St. John.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "488 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nStrickland, William P. He was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania,\\nin 1809; was educated at the Athens University of Ohio; entered the\\nMethodist ministry in 1832; was for four years agent of the American\\nBible Society; and was subsequently associate editor of the Chrktian Ad-\\nvocate and Journal in New York city. He is also a Doctor of Divinity;\\nand is the author of an interesting and useful work entitled Old Macki-\\nnaw or the Fortress of the Lakes and its Surroundings, published in 1860;\\nand also of A History of the Avurican Bible Society, published in 1849; A\\nHistory of the Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1850; Manual of\\nBiblical Literature, 1853; and Light of the Temple, 1854. He has been an\\nextensive contributor to the leading periodicals of the country, and is re-\\ncognized as a man of ability.\\nStuart, Charles E. He was born in Columbia County, New York,\\nNovember 25, 1810, and adopted the profession of law. He was a mem-\\nber of tlie Michigan Legislature in 1842; a Representativein the Thirtieth\\nand Thirty-Second Congresses; and was elected in 1853, for six years, a\\nSenator in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public\\nLands. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia National Union Con-\\nvention of 1866.\\nStuart, David. He was born in New York, and was a Representa-\\ntive in Congress from Michigan, from 1853 to 1855.\\nSutherland, Jabez G. He was born in Onondaga County, New\\nYork, October 6, 1825; removed with his Father to Michigan in 1836, and\\nhas ever since resided in the Counties of Genesee and Saginaw. He stud-\\nied law, and came to the bar in 1848; in 1849 he settled in Sagiuaw City,\\nand was made Prosecuting Attorney for that County he was a Delegate to\\nthe Constitutional Convention of 1850, and it was through his efforts that\\nthe Counties of Tuscola, Saginaw, Midland, Montcalm, and Newaygo, were\\nnamed as entitled to one Representative each in the Legislature, without\\nregard to the number of their inhabitants. In 1853 he was elected to the\\nState Legislature; during tiie next ten years, was wholly devoted to the\\npractice of his profession, with unusual success; in 1858 he was the unsuc-\\ncessful Democratic candidate for the office of Attorney-General; in 1863\\nhe was elected Circuit Judge of the Tenth Circuit, and re-elected to the\\nsame position in 1869 without opposition. His Circuit was for a time the\\nlargest in the State, and the character of the business important, and his\\nwritten decisions would fill many volumes. He was also a Delegate to the\\nConstitutional Convention of 1867. In August, 1870, he was nominated\\nfor Congress by the Democrats, with the help of the Republicans, aud con-\\ntrary to iiis will, and at the election in November, was elected to the Forty-\\nSecond Congress.\\nSwAYNE, Noah H. As the successor of Jolin l\\\\IcLean, and because\\nof his judicial connection with the State of ^lichigaii, we submit the follow-\\ning particulars respecting Mr. Justice Swayue. lie was born in Culpepper", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 489\\nCounty, Virginia, December 27, 1804. While performing the duties of a\\nclerk in an Apothecary store in Alexandria, he acquired the rudiments of\\nan English and classical education, and j)ropared himself for the ISIedical\\nprofession. He soon began the study of law, however, at Warrenton, and\\nimmediately after his admission to the bar in 1^24, he removed to Ohio and\\nsettled at Coshocton. In 1^29 he was elected to the Legislature of that\\nState; in 1^30 he was aj)pointed by President Jackson, United States Dis-\\ntrict Attorney for Ohio, holding the position nine years, and residing in\\nColumbus, in 1884 he was chosen Judge of the Court of Common Pleas,\\nbut declined the office. In 1^36 he was again elected to the State Legisla-\\nture, and took a leading part in organizing Institutions or Asylums for the\\nbenefit of the Blind, the Lunatic, and the Deaf and Dumb of the State;\\nand in 1S61 he was appointed by President Lincoln a Justice of the Su-\\npreme Court of the United States, his District comprehending the States of\\nOhio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee.\\nSweet, NViLBER. He was born in Vermont in 1760; served as a boy\\nin the Army of the Revolution, and as a soldier tiiroughout the entire war\\nof 1^12; settled in Michigan in 1818; became an active member of the\\nChurch when in the eighty-third year of his age; and died at Kalamazoo,\\nAugust 19, 1857.\\nTappan, Henry Pnii.ip. He was born in Rhinebeck, early in the\\npresent century; graduated at Union College in 1H25; was for two years\\npastor of the Dutch Reformed Church in Schenectady; in 182S became Pas-\\ntor of the Congregational Church at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, which posi-\\ntion he resigned in 1831, and visited the West Indies; was a Professor in\\nthe University of New York from 1832 to 1838; subsequently devoted\\nhimself to literary j)ursuits; in 1851 and again in 1853, he visited Europe;\\nin 1852 he was again invited to the New York University, (which Institu-\\ntion he left by resignation,) but declining that offer, became Chancellor of the\\nUniversity of Michigan, in which position he remained for many years,\\nwhen his connection with it was broken off, and he again visited juirope.\\nHis publications are as follows: Frredom of fhr Will, Doctrine of the Will,\\nElement. of Logic, University Education, and A Step from the New World to\\nthe Old World. It was througli his personal efli)rts that a first cla.s9 Astro-\\nnomical Observatory was established in connection with the University, the\\nnecessary funds having been obtained from liberal citizens of Detroit,\\nTECTJMSEn. He was born in Ohio on the Sciota River, about the year\\n1770; was for many yeai-s engaged in predatory incursions against the white\\ninhabitants of the Northwest, and to a considerable extent in the Territory\\nof Michigan; and in 18U6, as elsewhere mentioned in this volume, he ma-\\ntured the project of a Confederacy of all the Indian triites in the Lake\\ncountry, for the exterminaticm of the white race in that region. The bat-\\ntle of Tippecanoe, fought November 7, 1811, in which General Harrison\\ndefeated the brother of Tecuniseh, more generally known as the Prophet,\\ncompletely annihilated the hopes of the barbarian brothers. Tecumseh was\\nnot prei ent at this battle. During the war with Great Britain, he was an\\n2 E", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "490 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nally of King George; had under his command about two thousand follow\\nIndians, and held the rank of Brigadier-General. lie was present witli his\\nforces in several engagements, and was killed by Colonel Richard JM. John-\\nsun in the battle of ]\\\\ioravian Towns, October 5, 1S13. He has been made\\nthe hero of many poems and tales, and was a warrior of much renown; and\\nhis life was written by Benjamin Drake. Henry J. Morgan, in his work on\\nCelebrated Canadians, makes the remark that the Provinces of Canada\\nmight have been lust to the British Crown, had it not been for such brave\\nand devoted mcu as Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet.\\nThurber, Jefferson G. He was l)orn in 1807, and become a resi-\\ndent of Monroe, Michigan, in 1833. He was a lawyer by profession, and\\nearnestly devoted to its practice; was a Prosecuting Attorney for the State;\\nJudge of Probate for Monroe County a Presidential Elector in 1 840 also\\nserved as a Representative and a Senator in the State Legislature; was\\nSpeaker of the House in 1852; and filled all those positii)ns with honor to\\nhimself and the State. He died in Monroe, May 6, 1857, leaving a bright\\nrejiutatiou.\\nToNTi, Henri de. He came to Canada from Italy, where he had\\nbeen an ofScer in the military service, as an assistant to La Salle, but spent\\nmore time in the Michigan country than did his chief He was on duty at\\nDetroit, Mackinaw, and the Saute de Ste. Marie explored Lakes Huron\\nand IMichigan, as well as the rivers Illinois and Mississippi; and he was so\\ndeei)ly attached to La Salle that he served him as Captain from 1G78 for a\\nlong time without pay. By all those with whom he was associated his ser-\\nvices were highly aj^preciated. When La Salle died he happened to be in\\nthe North, and seized with a desire to rescue his remains, he attempted a\\njourniy to the Southwest, which only terminated in disaster. Having in\\nearly life lost one of his hands in a military exploit in Italy, he subse-\\nquently used an iron hand, which he kept gloved, and all his exploits in\\nAmerica as an explorer and fur-trader were performed under that disad-\\nvantage. It is said, however, that he would occasionally knock an Indian s\\ntooth out of his head with great ease, which gave him the reputation of\\nbeing a medicine num. For some years there was a blight resting upon\\nhis reputation because of the rascalities of his brother, Ali)honso de Tonti,\\nwho long commanded at Detroit. He wrote an account of his adventures\\nin America, which was published after his death, hut when and where he\\ndied is unknown. During a portion of his career in America he served as\\na Captain, under Cadillac, the f)under of Detroit. His name is printed\\nTonty as well as Tonti, but the latter style would seem to be more iu keep-\\ning with the Italian language.\\nTrowbridge, Chart.es C. He was born in Albany, New York,\\nDeccndier 29, 1800, and was the sun of Luther Trowbridge, who served\\nwith credit as an oiHcer in the Revolutionary War from ISIassachusetts, but\\nsubsequently settled iu New York. AVheu twelve years of age he became\\na ckrU with Horatio Ross, of Oswego, New York, where he remained until\\n1819, when he removed to the Territory of Miciiigau, and settled iu Detroit,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICniGAN. 491\\nwith which he has ever since been intimately identified. From 1^19 to\\n1825 lie held various positions of trust under Thomas Ilowland and Lewis\\nCass. With the latter he was on the most intimate terms of friendship,\\nand in many nejrotiations with the Indians he was vested by the CxDveriior\\nwith large discretion and because of his acquaintance with various Indian\\ndialects, he was enabletl to render important assistance to the Govei-nmcnt\\nin negotiating treaties. AVhen General Cass became Secretary of War he\\ninvited I\\\\Ir. Trowbridge to take a leading position in that Department but\\nhis disinclination for office compelled him to decline the offer. In l!^2o he\\nwas appointed Cashier of the Baidc of jNIichigan, at that time the only liaidc\\nnorth of Cincinnati and west of llochester, and held the position for ten\\nyears; he was IMayor of Detroit in 1834, when the city suffered from chol-\\nera, and the duties of the office were pcrf )rmcdwith great danger and dis-\\ncomfort; in 1837 he was the AVhig candidate for Governor of IMicliigan,\\nand was defeated by a small majority in 1839 he became President of the\\nBank of Michig-an, and so continued during its existence; from 1844 to\\n1854 he was President of the IMichigan State Baidc in 1853 he became\\nthe Secretary, Treasurer, and Resident Director of tlie Detroit and INIil-\\nwaukee Railroad Company and in 1863 he was elected President of the\\nCompany, which jiosition he still holds. During the summer of 1870 lie\\nvisted Europe. With regard to the part he has taken in projecting and\\npromoting works of public interest, of charity and benevolence, and of\\nreligious importance connected with the State of IMichigan, there is but one\\nopinion among the jicople, and that is altogether honorable to his mind and\\nheart.\\nTrowbridge, Rowland E. Was b(n-u in Elmira, New York, June\\n18, 1821 removed with his parents to Michigan wdien a mere child grad-\\nuated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1841; has been devoted all his life to\\nthe l)usiness of farming was elected to the Senate of Michigan in 185(3 and\\nl ^58 and in ISGO was elected a Representative from IMichigan to the\\nThirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post OlHce and\\nPost Roads. lie was also re-clectcd to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving\\non the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Agriculture. He was\\nalso a Delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists Ctmvention of 1800, and\\nwas re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Cliairman of the Com-\\nmittee on Agriculture. lie is a nephew of C. C. Trowbridge, one of the\\nmost prominent citizens of Detroit.\\nTrowbridge, William P. lie was born in IMichigan, and appointed\\nfrom that State to the West Point Academy, where he graduateil in 1\u00c2\u00ab4S.\\nHe was assigned to the Corps of Engineers, and had charge of the Ob-\\nservatory at West Point. In 1840, as Lieutenant, he was assigned to duty\\nin the Coast Survey; engaged in making Primary Triangulations on the\\ncoasts of Elaine and Virginia; in 1854 was promoted to First Lieutenant,\\nand assigned to surveying duties on the Pacific coast. In 1850 he resigned\\nhis commission in the Army; was Professor of Mathematics in the Uni-\\nversity of IMichigan in 1S50 and 1857; was made an A. M. by the Roch-\\nester (New York) University and from 1857 until 1^01 was a scientific\\nassistant to Professor Bache on the coast survey. From 1 61 until 1805\\nhe was engaged in superiuteuding, as Engineer, the public works in the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "492 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nharbor of New York, viz: at Willett s Point, Fort Schuyler, and Govern-\\nor s Island. Since 1865 he has held the position of Vice President of the\\nextensive Novelty Works in New York,\\nTkumbull, John. As this eminent author and jurist was the father-\\nin-law of William Woodbridge, and spent the last six years of his life as\\na citizen of Michigan, he comes into our present record with strict pro-\\npriety. He was born in Connecticut in 1750, and graduated at Yale Col-\\nlege at a very early age. In 1772 he published the first part of his poem,\\nentitled The Progress oj Idleness. In the following year he was admitted\\nto the bar in Connecticut, and removing to Boston, continued his legal\\nstudies in the office of John Adams. He returned to Connecticut in 1774,\\nand commenced the practice of his profession in New Haven. The first\\npart of McTingal was published in Philadelphia in 1775; but in 1782 the\\npoem was completed and published in Hartford, where the author at that\\ntime resided. More than thirty editions of this work were published in\\nhis life time. In 17^9 he was appointed State Attorney for the County of\\nHartford, and in IbOl a Judge of the Superior Court of Errors, which\\nposition he held until 1819. In 1825 he removed to Detroit and resided\\nwith his daughter, Mrs. Woodbridge, and he died at Spring Wells in May,\\n1831.\\nTurner, Josiah. He was born in New Haven, Addison County,\\nVermont, September 1,1811 received an academical education at Middle-\\nbury and St. Albans in that State; studied law with his uncle, Hon. Bates\\nTurner, and was admitted to the bar in 1833, in St. Alban s County, where\\nhe commenced the practice of his profession. In 1 40 he emigrated to\\nMichigan and settled in Howell, Livingston C\\\\)uuty, where he resumed his\\nprofession; in 1857 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of\\nthe State by the Governor, and shortly afterwards was elected by the\\npeople Circuit Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit for six years, and in\\n1863 re-elected for the same time. In 1869 he was again re-elected, by\\nboth political parties, for a third term of six years, and without any oppo-\\nsition. He removed from Howell to Owasso in 1860; was chosen Mayor\\nof tliat city in 1864 for two years; and he was a member of the State Cou-\\ntitutional Convention of 1867. With such a record to stand upon, it were\\nsuperfluous to add that Judge Turner has been a popular and highly in-\\nfluential citizen of the State.\\nTyler, Moses Coit. He was born in Griswold, New London county,\\nConnecticut, in 1835; was taken to Michigan by his parents while yet an\\ninfant, and they settled first in Calhoun county, and afterwards in Detroit;\\nhe graduated at Yale College in 1857 studied theology at Andovcr, and in\\n1860 was engaged in the ministry at Poughkeepsie, New York; left the\\nministry in 1802 on account of his health, and visited Europe. During\\nhis sUiy abroad he lectured on topics connected with the civil war wrote\\noccasi )nally for English and American periodicals; returned to this coun-\\ntry in 1867, and lectured throughout the Northern States and during that\\nyear he was appointed Professor of the English Language and Literature", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 493\\nin the University of Michigan, which position he continues to hold. In\\n1869 he published a volume of Essays on physical culture, entitled The\\nBrownville Papers, and has been connected editorially vith the ew York\\nIndependent, and a writer for various periodicals, lie has frequently been\\ninvited to accept of honorable positions outside of Michigan, but has j)re-\\nferred to cast in his lot with the State to which he is bound by many old\\nassociations.\\nUpsox, Charles. Bom in Southington, Hartford county, Connecti-\\ncut, March 19, 1821 received a good English education removed to Mich-\\nigan in 1845; studied law, and came to the bar in 1S47; in 1849 and l^^SO\\nwas County Clerk for St. Joseph county; in 1853 and l!^54 was Prosecut-\\ning Attorney for the same; in 1855 and 1856 held the office of State Sena-\\ntor; in 1861 and 1862 he Avas Attorney-General f)r ^lichigan, and was\\nelected a Representative from INIichigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress,\\nserving on tlie Committee on Elections and Unfinished Business. lie-elected\\nto the Tliirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and\\nRevolutionary Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia\\nLoyalists Convention of 1^66; and was re-elected to the Eortieth Con-\\ngress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy\\nDepartment. In 1870 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court for the\\nFifteenth District of Michigan.\\nVan Dyke, James A. He was born in Mercersburg, Franklin\\nCounty, Pennsylvania, in December, 1813; received his education at Slad-\\nisou College, which he entered in 1^2?^ studied law at Cliambersburg, aiid\\nalso at Ilagcrstown, in ^laryland and after spending one year in Balti-\\nmore, removed to Detroit. In that city he was associated with A. D. I ra-\\nzer, C. W. AVhipple, E. B. Harrington, and II. II. Emmons in the practice\\nof his profession. In 1 ^40 he was :i])pointcd Piosecuting Attorney for the\\nCounty of Wayne; in 1S4. and 1844 he was chosen an Alderman in the\\nCouncils of Detroit; in 1847 he was elected Mayor of the City; was a\\nmember of tlie Board of Commissioners of the Detroit Water AVorks also\\nan active fireman, and President of the Fire Department of the city for\\nfive years; he also held a number of other local j)ositions of honor and\\ntrust, and died May 7, 1855; and having for many years been a promi-\\nnent member of the Bar at Detroit, the honors which were paid to his\\nmemory by that body were in keeping with his many virtues as a man of\\nhigh character and ability. An interesting tribute to his memory was pub-\\nlished in Detroit in 1856. He acquired special distinction in what was\\nknown as the railroad conspiracy case of 1851.\\nWalbridoe, David S. Born in Bennington, Vermont, July 30, 1802;\\nreccivetl his education from the common schools of that vicinity devoted\\nhimself to the various employments of the farmer, the merchant, and the\\nmiller; removed to Michigan in 1842, and was elected a Representative in\\nCongress from that State in l ^54. and served as such until 1857. He lived\\nat Kalamazoo, and died in that place June 15, 1868.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "494 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nAYaldeon, Henry. He Avas ])orn in Albany, New York, October\\n11, 1811); graduated at Rutger s College, New Brunswick, New Jei-sey, in\\nJuly, lSo6 became a civil engineer by profession, and settled in IMichigan\\nwas elected to the Legislature of IMichigan in 1843; and served as a Kep-\\nresentative in Congress during the years 1855, 56, 57, and 58, and was\\na member of the Committee on Mileage. He was re-elected to the Thirty-\\nsixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territcjries. He subsequently\\nheld a number of local positions of honor and trust in the First Congres-\\nsional district took a prominent part in organizing troops during the\\nRebellion and in 1870 was re-elected to the Forty-second Congress.\\nWalker, Charles Irish. He was born in Otsego county, New York,\\nApril 25, 1814; received a common school education, and was afterwards\\na merchant s clerk and in 1836 removed to Michigan, and settled at Grand\\nRapids, where he was engaged in the purchase, for others, of real estate.\\nIn 1839 he began the study of law in 1840 he Avas elected to the State\\nLegislature; in 1841 Avent to New England to complete his legal studies;\\nand having come to the bar in Vermont, spent about ten j^ears in that State\\npracticing his profession. In 1851 he returned to Michigan, and settled in\\nDetroit; and in 1857 he aided in reviving the Historical Society of Michi-\\ngan, and became its Corresponding Secretary, delivering occasional ad-\\ndresses on the early history of the State. On the organization of the Law\\nDepartment hi the University of IMichigan in 1S59, he was appointed Pro-\\nfessor of Law, Avhich honorable position he still holds, the school over which\\nhe presides being considered one of the most successful and largest in the\\nUnion. In 1867 he was appointed by the Governor to fill a vacancy in the\\nJudgeship of the third judicial circuit, which office, after serving one terra,\\nhe resigned, and returned to the more lucrative employment of practicing\\nhis profession.\\nWalk-in-the- Water. He was a Huron of the Wyandot tribe. Ilis\\nIndian name was My-ee-rah, and he was one of the most active Chiefs with\\nTecumseh in the beginning of the war of 1812. He was friendly to the\\nUnited States, and offered his services to Hull, but, the humane impulses\\nof that General, together with his instructions from the Government, would\\nnot allow him to employ savages. He was leader and orator of the Wyan-\\ndots on the American side of the Detroit river, but was forced by circum-\\nstances to join the British at Maiden. His heart, however, was not with\\nthem, and he was active in persuading various tribes to remain neutral.\\nThe British took measures to counteract this influence, and a council was\\nconvened at jMnlden, wherein he vimlicated his conduct in a speech, which,\\nwas called by his enemies American talk, but it resulted in the separation\\nof Tecumseh and the Prophet, with two Wyandot Ciiiefs, who openly joined\\nthe British while AValk-in-the-Water and his associates declined to remain\\nwith them. He with many of his followers deserted from Proctor at Chat-\\nham, Canada West. He was at the battles of the River Raisin and\\nTiiames, and, at the latter, he with his sixty warriors offered their services\\nto Harrison cf)nditionally; which he declined, and they returned to the De-\\ntroit river. His residence at Maguaga was on the land afterwards owned\\nby John Biddle, and on which he built his farm houses. His totem or\\narras, was a turtle. He died about the year 1817.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPniCAL HISTORY OF MICIIIOAX. 495\\nWatson, James C. While living iipou a farm in Michigan, with liis\\nmotliGiv he conceived the idea ot obtaining an education at the University\\nof the State, and after many difficulties, went through a course of studies\\nand was duly graduated., lie Avas subsequently made Professor of Astron-\\nomv in that Institution, whicli position he still holds. lie is the author of\\na wn rk on Comets, and another on Theoretical Astrcuomy; and has ac-\\nquired distinction in the scientific world as the discoverer of several new\\nplanets; and in 1870, the French Academy of Sciences awarded to him\\nthe Astronomical prize for his important discoveries.\\nWayne, Anthony. He was born in Easttown, Chester County, Penn-\\nsylvania, in 1746. In 1773 he was elected a Representative in the (Jeneral\\nAssend.)ly, where he took an active part against the claims of Great Brit-\\nain. In 1775 he entered the army as a Cohmel, and in the battle at Three\\nRivers in 1776, received a Avound in the leg, and at the close of the cam-\\npaign was made a Brigadier-General. In the battles of Brandywine, Jer-\\nmantown, and Monmouth, and especially at Stony Point, he greatly distin-\\nguished himself, receiving a wound in his head. In 17 1 he led the Penn-\\nsylvania line to form a junction with Lafayette in Virginia, and participated\\nin the capture of Cornwallis. After that he conducted the war in Georgia,\\nwith equal success, receiving from that State, through its Legislature, a\\nvaluable farm as a reward for his services, upon which he retired aftei- the\\nwar. In 1787 he was a member of the Convention for framing the Fed-\\neral Constitution; and he served as a Representative in Congress from\\nGeorgia, in 1791, but his seat was successfully contested by James Jack-\\nson, and vacated by a resolution of the House. In 17 J2, he was again called\\ninto military service, and succeeded St. Clair,-in the command of the North-\\nwest Territory, and so became identified with the Territory of jMichigan.\\nIn 17i34, at the battle of the IMiami, he gained a complete victory over the\\nIndians, won the name of Mad Anthcmy, and in 1795 he concluded a\\nlasting treaty with the hostile tribes of the Northwest, and subsequently\\nattained the rank of ^Major-General. It was whilst returning from the\\nUpper Lake country, that he had an attack of gout, of which he died in a\\nhut at Presque Isle, Harbor of Erie, in 1796, and was temporally buried\\nthere; but in 1809 his remains were removed to St. David s Church, in\\nChester County, Pennsylvania, where a monument recalling the patriotic\\nachievements of his life was placed over his grave, to mark the resting\\nplace of a true warrior and patriot. That his services on the frontier, were\\nappreciated by rJichigau, is proven by the name which distinguishes its\\nwealthiest and most populous county.\\nWelch, Adonija S. He was born in East Hampton, Connecticut, in\\n1S21 removed to Michigan in 1839, and graduated at tlie University of\\nthat State in 1846; studied law, but preferred teaching, and had charge\\nof a High School at Jonesville; visited California in 1S40; and on his\\nreturn was Principal of the Normal School of Michigan f )r four years; in\\n1865 he removed to Florida, and in I ^GS he was elected a Senator in Con-\\ngress from that State for the term ending in 1SG9, serving on the Commit-\\ntees ou Agriculture, and Post OtHces and Post Roads.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "496 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nVVheelock, Julia S. As England had her Florence Nightingale in\\nthe Crimean war, so had the State of JMichigan her Julia Whcelock amid\\nthe battle-fields of Virginia, and of this noble heroine we submit the fol-\\nlowing On the 10th of September, 1S62, while engaged in school teach-\\ning in the township of Ionia, Michigan, she heard the sad news that her\\nsoldier brother, Orville Wheelock, had been wounded at Bull Run; and\\nin less than five days from that time she stood beside his grave in the city\\nof Alexandria. Then it was that she resolved to remain in this strange\\nland, and endeavor, God being her helper, to do for others as she fain\\nwould have done for her brother. A field of labor soon presented itself,\\nwhich she gladly entered, and to which she devoted all her energies from\\nSeptember, 1862, until July, 1865. Her acts of kindness and words of\\nChristian comfort during that period, soothed the anguish of many a poor\\nsoldier in his dying hour, and became a part of the unwritten history of\\nMichigan, which the heroic soldiers of that State, still living, will ever re-\\nmember with heart-felt gratitude. During the period in question slic kept\\na Journal for her own pleasure and not for publication but in 1870 she\\nwas induced by her friends to revise it for the press, and thus came into\\nexistence The Boys in White; the Experience of a Hospital Agent in and\\nAround Washington. Of this book, we have only to say that it is written\\n-with ability and in good taste, abounds in passages of rare interest and\\npathos, and is calculated to give the reader an exalted idea of the truly\\nnoble and unselfish authoress and heroine. We have only to add that, for\\nher services during the war, she never asked nor received any compensa-\\ntion, and that for two years thereafter she was a suflTering invalid.\\nWendell, J. A. T. He was of Scotch parentage, born on the Island\\nof Mackinaw, and has always resided there. After acquiring a good edu-\\ncation, he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and for many years\\nhas been a prime mover in developing the commerce of the more Northern\\nLakes. He served for many sessions in the two Houses of the State Legis-\\nlature; and was the Democratic candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of\\nMichigan, but failed of election. He visited Europe a few years ago, and\\nhas travelled much over the United States, but has not yet found any\\nplace strong enough to allure him from his Island home in the North.\\nWhistler, William. By his long residence and military service in\\nthe North-west, and also by family ties. Colonel Whistler has long been\\nidentified with Michigan. He entered the Army as a Lieutenant in 1801\\ndistinguished himself at the battle of Maguago in 1812, and was at once\\npromoted to the rank of Captain; in 1822 he was appointed a ^Major by\\nbrevet for ten years faithful service; made a full Major in 1826; Lieu-\\ntenant-Colonel in 1834; and full Colonel in 1845. His subsequent career\\nwas equally honorable. His father, John Whistler, Jr., was an Army\\noflficcr, and a citizen of Michigan Territory, and was wounded at the battle\\nof Maguago in 1812, and died in 1813. His grandfather, John Whistler,\\nwas a soldier in the ]3ritish Army, served also in the Army of the United\\nStates, and died in 1S27. His brother, George W. Whistler, was educated\\nat West Point, and after leaving the Army obtained distinction as an en-\\ngineer in the service of Russia, and died at St. Petersburgh in 1849.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "BTOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 497\\nWhiting, Henry. He was born in ]\\\\rassachusetts, and entered the\\nUnited States Army as Cornet in the Light Dragoons, in 1808, and was on\\nduty in iNIichigan for many years, and always took an interest in tlie Terri-\\ntory and State. He was a man of reflection and literary culture, a writer\\nfor the reviews, and by his occasional discourses, threw much light on\\nthe history of the Lake country. As a Lieutenant and Aid to General\\nBoyd, he was present at the capture of Fort George, in Canada, in 1S13,\\nand for his gallantry on that occasion he was breveted a Captain. He was\\nalso Aid to General Macondj in L^15, and in 1817 Avas made a Captain; in\\n1824 he was breveted Major for ten years service; in 1834 he became a\\nLieutenant-Colonel; in 1838 Deputy Quartermaster General, with the rank\\nof Colonel in 1846 he was made an Assistant Quartermaster-General served\\nin Mexico under General Taylor as Chief Quartermaster; was breveted a\\nBrigadier-General in 1^ 47 for gallant and meritorious service at Buena\\nVista; in L ^r)S he was elected a Ilegcnt of the University of ^Michigan;\\nand died in St. Louis, INIissouri, September IG, IS He had a son, Henry\\nM. Whiting, who served with honor in the war with IMexico, became a\\nLieutenant of Artillery, and died at Fort Brown, Texas, October 8, 1853,\\naged thirty-tAvo years.\\nWiiiTiNr,, George L. He was a pi-inter and a man of rare culture,\\nlong honoral)ly identified with the interests of ^lichigan, and in 1829\\nestablisJK d the Detroit Weekly Advertiser, which appeared as a daily news-\\npaper in lS3o, and after a long and usei ul career, was consolidated in\\n1862 with The Tribune, and is still published under the title of Advertiser\\nand Tribune. In 1834, ]Mr. AVhiting, in conjunction with Stephen Wells,\\npublished a small volume, entitled Historical and Scientific Sketches of Michi-\\ngan, which was made up of interesting papers prepared by Lewis Cass, H.\\nR. Schoolcraft, John Biddle, and Henry Whiting. He also puhlislied in\\nDetroit two l)ooks in the Ottawa language; first. The Ottawa Prayer Book\\nor Anamie Misinaigan, in b^42; and, second, The Indian Book or Aniciaa-\\nhek Amisinahikaniwa, in 1830.\\nAVniPRLE, Charles W. He was born in New York, and was among\\nthe earliest emigrants to Michigan from the East, and for numy years was\\nwell known throughout the State as a faithful oflicer and jurist. He was\\nfrequently elected to the State Legislature, and in 1836 and 1837 was\\nSpeaker of the House of Representatives. He held various positions of\\ntrust and honor, having long been Judge of the Supreme Court, and a\\nmember of the Convention of 18-50 which framed the prasent Constitution\\nof the State. He died at Detroit, October 25, 1856.\\nWhittelsey, Henry He was born in Connecticut, August 12,\\n1821; studied law in New York City, and was admitted to the bar in 1845;\\nremoved to Michigan in 1854, and located in Detroit, wiiere he held vari-\\nous positions connected with the Fire Department, Young Men s Society,\\nState Military Bcnird, and the Light Guard of the City. He was an ofKcer\\nin the School of Instruction at Fort Wayne, where were instructed the\\nofficers of the first five regiments furnished by Michigan for the suppression\\n2 F", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "498 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof the Rebellion, and subsequently rendered important services as a muster-\\ning officer. In 1860 he was elected Register for Wayne County; in 1861,\\nCaptain and Acting-Quartermaster of Volunteers; in 1865, with the rank\\nof Colonel, he was associated with the army of Georgia as Chief-Quarter-\\nmaster; subsequently served on similar duty in Mississippi, and also in the\\nFreedmen s Bureau in Washington City he was promoted in regular grad-\\nation to the rank of Colonel, and made a Brigadier-General by brevet and\\nwas mustered out of the military service in 1867. According to the records\\nof the AVar Department, his services as an officer were highly appreciated\\nby a number of the leading General Commanders, and he was recommend-\\ned for a position in the Regular Army. In 1870, after having acquired\\nmuch experience in the affiiirs of the Metropolis, he was elected Comptrol-\\nler of the City of Washington. He is connected with the distinguished\\nWhittlesey family of Ohio, although the name is spelled diffisreutly.\\nWilcox, Orlando B. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, about the\\nyear 1826; and graduated at the West Point Academy in 1846. He took\\nan active part in the war with Mexico, as a Lieutenant of Artillery, and\\nremained in the United States service until about l ^54, when he resigned\\nand entered upon the practice of law, to the study of which, in a quiet way,\\nhe had previously devoted some attention. Prior to the Rebellion he took\\na lively interest in organizing the IMilitia of Michigan, and when hostilities\\ncommenced, he offered his sword to the State and was appointed Colonel of\\nthe First Infantry, and his regiment was the first to report for service at\\nWashington from the West. Pie was in command at Alexandria just be-\\nfore the battle of Bull Run, and participated in that battle, in which he\\nwas wounded and taken prisoner, and as such remained in Richmond about\\nfifteen months. When General Lorenzo Thomas was negotiating with the\\nConfederate officer Robert Ould, for tlie exchange of prisonei s, he made a\\nspecial request in behalf of Colonel AVilcox, to which, in a day or two, the\\nConfederate assented. He soon afterwards returned to the army and parti-\\ncipated in many of the engagements in Virginia, and was subsequently\\npromoted to the rank of Brevet Brigadier and Brevet Major-General of\\nVolunteers, for gallant and meritorious services at Spottsylvania and Petei*s-\\nburg. He was mustered out in 1866 and appointed an Assessor of Internal\\nRevenue at Detroit, but again re-appointed in the army; and at the present\\nwriting, 1870, he is Colonel of the Twelfth United States Infantry, and sta-\\ntioned on Angel Island, Bay of San Francisco, California. As an author\\nhe published in 1856, Shoepack RecoUecUons A Way-side Glimpse of Amer-\\nican Life, and in 1857, another work entitled Foea, an Army Memoir,\\nby Major March.\\nWiLKiNS, Ross. He was born in Pennsylvania; educated for the bar\\nin that State; and removed to the West at an early day, with a Commis-\\nsion in his pocket from President Jackson, as a Federal Judge f )r the Ter-\\nritory of ^lichigan. In 1837, and on several subsequent occasions, he was\\nappointed a Regent of the State University. Aside from exerting much\\ninfluence in his judicial capacity, he has always taken an interest in the\\npublic affairs of the State; and he presided over the first war-meeting held\\nin Detroit after tlie commencement of the Rebellion. He was many years", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 499\\nago appointed a Circuit Judge, and remained in office until the summer\\nof 1870, when he voluntarily retired from the Bench, aud is now restiug\\nfrom his long judicial labors in the City of Detroit.\\nWilkinson, Morton S. Born in Skoneatclos, Onondaga County, New\\nYork, January 22, 1819; received an Academical education, working occa-\\nsionally upon iiis father s farm; in l ^37 he visited Michigan, hut pushed on\\nto Illinois, where he was engaged for two years in the railroad business;\\nreturned to his native town, studied law, and on being admitted to the bar\\nremoved to IMichigan again, and settled at Eaton Kapids. In 1 47 he re-\\nmoved to Minnesota, and in 1H49, when that Territory was organized, he\\nwas elected to the Legislature, and he drafted the code of laws for tiiat\\nTerritory; in 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term end-\\ning in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Ch\\\\ims,\\nand as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Del-\\negate to the Baltimore Convention of 1S64, aud to the Philadelphia Loyal-\\nists Convention of 18G6.\\nWilliams, Alpheus S. He was born in Saybrook, Connecticut, Sep-\\ntember 20, 1810; and after graduating at Yale College in 18ol, spent two\\nyears travelling in Europe. In 183G he settled in Detroit, where he began\\nthe practice of law; was Judge of Probate for Wayne County from 1 40\\nto 1844; was next elected Recorder of Detroit, after having been defeated\\nas a candidate for INIayor; and from 1843 to 1847 he was the editor and\\nproprietor of the Detroit Dailij Advertiser. As a Lieutenant CmjIoucI he\\nserved through the IMexicaii war, and in 1849 he was api)ointed by Presi-\\ndent Taylor Postmaster of Detroit, holding the office until l f53. On tlie\\nbreaking out of tlic Rebellion he was appointed a Major General of Michi-\\ngan Volunteers, and also President of the State INIilitary Board. He subse-\\nquently received from President Lincoln the appointment of Brigadier\\nGeneral in the natit\u00c2\u00bbnal army, and was in active service on the Upper Poto-\\nmac and in Shenandoah Valley was i ov a time in command of General\\nBank s division at Winchester; commanded a division under General Pope\\nat Cedar ^Iountain,on the Rai)pahannock, and at Manassas; after the bat-\\ntle of South IMouutain, succeeded General Banks as Corps Comnumder,\\nand commanded the twelfth corps at Antietam, and also took an active\\nand leading part in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the\\nAtlanta campaign. AVas witli General Sherman in his march to the sea,\\nand at Savannah he was breveted a Major-General for gallant and meri-\\ntorious services in the Georgia cam}iaign. He was sul)sequent]y assigned\\nto duty in Arkansas, and was mustered out of the service in 1806. Soon\\nafter, he was appointed one of several commissioners to examine and adjust\\nthe military claims of Missouri. In 1866 he was nominated for Governor\\nof IMichigan, but not elected and was then appointed Minister Resident to\\nthe Rej)ublic of San Salvador, in Central America, in which position he\\nremained until 1^69, when he returned to Detroit and to private life.\\nWilliams, John R. He was one of the earliest settlers in Detroit a\\nmerchant by occupation, and for many years took a leading part in all the", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "500 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nenterprises calculated to promote the prosperity of INIichigan and its largest\\ncity. He was elected Mayor of Detroit on six different occasions the first\\ntime in 1824, and the last time in 1^4(5; and he died iu 1854, universally\\nlamented by his fellow-citizens of all parties.\\nWilliams, Thomas. He was born in New York in 1815, but subse-\\nquently becoming a citizen of IMichigan, where he resided many years, and\\nwas appointed from that State a cadet at AVest Point, where he graduated\\nin 1837. He was at once assigned to duty in the Fourth Artillery, serving\\nin Florida, in New York, and in Michigan, with headquarters at Detroit,\\nuntil 1840 during the latter year he was Professor of ]Mathen)atics at West\\nPoint, and was again transferred to Michigan from 1844 until 1850 he was\\nan Aid-de-camp to General Scott, and was present with him at Vera Cruz,\\nCerro Gordo, Cherubusco, and at the City of Mexico, and for his gallant\\nand meritorious services he received two ])r()motions, the second being that\\nof Major for gallantry at Chepultepec. From 1 850 until 1852 he was again\\non duty in Michigan, headquarters at Mackinaw; and from 1852 until\\n1858 he was on duty in Florida and on the Western frontiers. He entered\\nthe war for the Union as Major of the Fifth Artillery, and for his services\\nin Virginia and Pennsylvania he was made a Brigadier General of Volun-\\nteers, and after important services in the Carolinas, the Gulf States, and on\\nthe Lower Mississippi, he was killed in battle at Baton Rouge August 5,\\n1862. His last words, uttered to an Indiana regiment just before he fell,\\nwere these: Boys, your field officers are all ()one I will lead you. He was\\na soldier of rare bravery and high character, and was deeply lamented by\\nall who knew him. Although General Robertson speaks of him as a native\\nof INIichigan, the records of the War Department mention New Y(jrk as\\nhis native State.\\nWilliams, William G. He was born in Philadelphia in 1801 spent\\nhis boyhood in England, and went through a course of studies at Exeter;\\ngraduated at the West Point Academy in 1824; spent two years in Paris,\\nstudying his profession as a Second Lieutenant of Infantry he served ten\\nyears on topographical duty; as First Lieutenant he surveyed the site for\\na fort in the river Delaware; as Brevet Captain of Staff in the Topograph-\\nical Engineers, lie surveyed the route for a ship-canal around the Falls of\\nNiagara in 1835 and 36, performing similar service on Lake Champlain,\\nat Ciiarleston, South Carolina, and at Cincinna i, Ohio; in 1837 he went\\nupon a military reconnoissancc to the country of the Chcrokees; in 1838 he\\nattained tiie rank of Captain of En ^ineers, and during the eight following\\nyears he was engaged in making triangulations and constructing harbor\\nworks on Lake Erie, was Superintendent of Survey of the North-western\\nLakes, aijd of the boundary between the States of Wisconsin and jNIichi-\\ngan, and in tlic latter State he spent much of his time making his head-\\nquarters at Detroit. He served under General Taylor in the war with\\nMexico as Cliief of Engineers, and at the battle of Monterey, in 1S46, he\\nwas mortally wounded, and died at that place September 21, 1846. His\\ndying words were, Tell my friends that I fell while in the advance, and in\\nthe performance of my duty. His literary and scientific acquirements\\nwere of a high order, and he also possessed an uncommon taste for the flue", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 501\\narts, and was an adept in painting and he was very popular among his\\nbrother officers iu the old army.\\nWiNCHELL, Alexander. Born in East, Dutchess County, New York,\\nDecember 31, 1824; after acquiring a primary education, he taught school\\nfor one or two years, and prepared himself for college; graduated at Amenia\\nSeminary in 1844; in 1847 he also graduated at the AVesleyan University;\\nthen became a teacher of Natural Bcienccs in Pennington Seminary, New\\nJersey; also in the Amenia Seminary; in 1851 assumed the charge of a\\nSeminary in Eutaw, Alabama; was made President of the IMasonic Uni-\\nversity in Selma of the same State in 18 before the close of (hat year\\nbe was apjjoiuted Professor of Physics and Engineering in the University\\nof Michigan; was transferred to the Chair of Geology, Zoology and Botany,\\nin 1855; in 1859 became the editor of the Journal of Educatioti, c.; in\\n1866 Avas made a Professor in the Kentucky University; was made an\\nL.L. D. by the Wesleyan University in 1867 and in 1869 was appointed\\nDirector of the Geological Survey of IMichigan. Pie declined a number of\\nappointments that were tendered tit him; made a number of presents of\\nScientific Collections to various institutions; and is a member of nearly all\\nthe Scientific Academies in America, and of several in Europe. lie pub-\\nlished in various journals more than two hundred scientific papers, and is\\nthe author of the following works, viz The Eirst Biennial Report on the\\nGe(dogy of jNIichigan; Report on tlie Grand Traverse Region; a Geologi-\\ncal Map of ^lichigan Genealogy of the Winchell Family; and Sketches\\nof Creation. As to his miscellaneous pul)licati()ns, they are sufficiently\\nnumerous to nuike many volumes, and all of them are upi)n subjects of vital\\ninterest to the students and lovers of nature, in many of its departments.\\nWixcnESTER, Jame^!. Although the military career of this officer\\nwas inglorious, it is our duty to mention him am )ng those who have been\\nidentified w ith the Territory of IMichigan. H3 was b )rn in ^Maryland in\\n1756; entered the Army as aC.)laael from Tennessee, in March, 1812; was\\nmade a Brigadier-General iu M.ircli, 1313, and had command of a detach-\\nment under General Harrison, and, as stated in the preceding pages, met\\nwith g -eat disaster on the River Raisin iu January, 1813, when he was\\ncompelled to surrender to tlie British fjrces, and beeams a pris;)ner and\\nwas carried into Canada and c;)nfine I f )r ab )ut a year in Q lebec, with his\\nsubordinate officers. Colonels Wm. Lewis and Gearge Madison, lie was\\nsubsequently on duty in M ibile, Alabama, under General Jackson. In\\nMarch, 1815, he resigned his commission in the Army, and after living in\\nretirement iu Tennessee, died there July 27, 1826.\\nWing, Austin E. He was born in IIa np-;hire C )unty, Massachu-\\nsetts; was a Delegate to C ingress from the Territory of Michigan, from\\n1828 to 1832; resided at Monroe, and was f )r many years a leading man\\nin all its local affairs, holding am m other p sitious that of United States\\n^larshal f)r the S )Uthern District of ^lichigan. He was als twice ap-\\npointed a Regent of the State University. He died at Cleveland, Ohio,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "502 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nAugust 25, 1 849. He was the father of Talcott E. Wing, a well-known\\nlawyer of Monroe; and the brother of Warner Wing, long a leading law-\\nyer of the State, and also a resident of Monroe.\\nAViNG, Warner. He was born in Marietta, Ohio, September 19,\\n1805; graduated at the Northampton Law School, Massachusetts, and re-\\nmoved to the Territory of Michigan in 1817. He settled on the River\\nRaisin, where he lived for many years, actively engaged in practicing the\\nprofession of law in which he was eminently successful was Judge of the\\nCircuit Court from 1845 to 1856, during which period it was identical with\\nthe Supreme Court. Of all the trials over which he presided as Judge, the\\nmost important, perhaps, was that commonly known as the Railroad Con-\\nspiracy Case, in 1851, on which occasion, according to the universal oi)iniou,\\nhe acquitted himself with very rare ability. The proceedings of this trial\\nwere published in a volume of more than eight hundred and fifty pages,\\nand form a curious episode in the history of railroads, and of the State of\\nMichigan. At the present time Judge Wing is the Attorney for the Michi-\\ngan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad Company, which position he\\nhas held for about fourteen years.\\nWiSNER, Moses. He was born in Aurelieus, Cayuga County, New\\nYork, in 1818; received a good education; removed to Michigan in 1839,\\nand settled upon a farm near the town of Atlas, Lapeer County; in about\\na year afterwards he removed to Pontiac, and studied law; coming to the\\nbar in 1842. In 1843 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for Lapeer\\nCounty; but in l ^44 resumed the practice of his profession, and continued\\nin it until 185S, when he was elected Governor of the State. In 1862 he\\nwas appointed a Colonel in the Volunteer Army, and was assigned to the\\ncommand of the Michigan Twenty-second; and while on his way to the\\nseat of war, he was prostrated by sickness in Lexington, Kentucky, where\\nhe died, January 5, 1863. He was a candidate for Circuit Judge in 1852,\\nbut was defeated; took little interest in politics, was a man of fine mind, a\\ngood friend, and most worthy citizen.\\nWitherell, Benjamin F. H. He was the son of James Witherell,\\nand was during all his mature life identified with the Territory and State\\nof Michigan. He was a lawyer by profession, long a successful practitioner\\nin Detroit, and held a prominent judgesiiip for many years. He was called\\nby his intimate friends a Walking Historical Dictionary of Detroit, and\\npublished a series of Historical Recollections, of great value and interest;\\nand his death was lamented as a public calamity. His last judicial posi-\\ntion was that of Judge of the Tliird Circuit Court. He took an active in-\\nterest in all ])iiblic affairs during the Rebellion, and Wiis the originator, and\\nchosen President of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument Association when\\norganized; and it was while deeply engaged in maturing its plans tliat he\\ndied in Detroit, June 2(), 1867, giving to the patriotic work the last houi-s\\nof his life. He was also appointed, on several occasions, a Regent of the\\nState University.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 503\\nWiTiiERELL, James In 1808, the small but highly cultivated society\\nof Detroit was made happy by the advent of James Witherell. He was a\\nnative of Vermont, received a liberal education, and adopted the profession\\nof law. From 1798 to 1803 he served in the Legislature of Vermont; the\\ntwo following years, as a county Judge; was a State Councellor from 1803\\nto 1807; was elected to Congress in the latter year, but before the cx])ira-\\ntion of liis term, was appointed a Federal Judge in the Territory of Michi-\\ngan, in which position lie continued until 1828, when he was appointed Sec-\\nretary of the Territory and he resided iu Detroit until his death, which\\noccurred iu that City, January 9, 1838. He was a man of strong native\\npowers of mind, always took a special interest in the local affairs of Detroit,\\nand left to his accomplished son, long a prominent lawyer in Detroit, a val-\\nuable collection of papers bearing upon the history of that city and the\\nState of IMichigan. An admirable portrait of him may be found in Shel-\\ndon s Early History of Michigan.\\nWiTHEY, Solomon L. He was born in St. Albans, Vermont, April\\n21, 1820 removed to Ohio in 1835, where he obtained a good English\\neducation; and in 1838 he removed to Michigan and located at Grand\\nKapids. In 1839 he began the study of law, and came to the bar in 1844;\\nand becoming a partner of the late Chief Justice IMartin, continued with\\nhim until he was called to the bench, and in practice until 18G3. In 1848 he\\nwas elected Judge of Probate, and held the office four years; in 1860 he\\nwas elected to the State Senate, and took an active part in promoting effect-\\nive legislation for putting down the Rebellion; and he was appointed by\\nPresident Lincoln United States District Judge for the western district of\\nMichigan, in which office he still continues. During the illness of Judge\\nWillson,of Northern Ohio, he held the United States Courts at Cleveland;\\nand for a year preceding the resignation of Judge Wilkins he presided over\\nthe courts of Eastern iMichigan. In December, 1869, he received from\\nPresident Grant a commission as Judge of the Sixth United Slates Judicial\\nCircuit; but his duty to his family compelled him to decline the hcjuor.\\nFor that position he was warndy supported by the leading members of the\\nbar in Michigan and Northern Ohio, and of all political })arties, and that\\nfact alone made him reluctant to decline. In the way of local positions,\\nwe may add that Judge Withey is President of the First National Bank\\nof Grand Kapids, He is a man of culture and as a citizen, a lawyer\\nand judge occupies a leading position in the State.\\nWooDBRiDGE, WiLLiAM. Bom in Norwich, Connecticut, August 20,\\n1780; and his father becoming one of the earliest emigrants to the North-\\nwest Territory, he removed to JMarietta in 1791. He received his earliest\\neducation in Connecticut; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was\\nadmitted to the bar in Ohio in 1806. In 1807 he was elected to the Assem-\\nbly of Ohio in 1808 was Prosecuting Attorney for his county, which office\\nhe hold until 1814, and during the same period he was also a member of\\nthe State Senate, In 1814 he received from President iNIadison, unexpect-\\nedly, the appointment of Secretary of the Territory of Michigan, and re-\\nmoved to Detroit and in 1819 he was elected the first Delegate from Mich-\\nigan to Congress, where he was very active in promoting the interests of his", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "504 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY OP MICHIGAN.\\nconstituents. In 1828 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of\\nMichigan Territory, and held the office four years; in 1S35 he Avas a mem-\\nber of the Convention called to form a State Constitution; in 1837 he was\\nelected to the State Senate of Michigan in 1839 he was chosen Governor\\nof the State and he was a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1847. He\\nwas a working member on many important committees, and his reports and\\nspeeches were numerous and Daniel Webster, in a note to his speech in\\ndefence of the Ashburton Treaty, attributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first\\nsuggestion that was ever made to him for inserting in that treaty a provi-\\nsion for the surrender of fugitives, under certain circumstances, upon the\\ndemand of foreign governments. For many years before his death he lived\\nin retirement at Detroit, devoting himself to his books and the pleasures of\\nhorticulture, for Avhich he had a special fi)ndness. Died October 20, 1861.\\nIn 1 67 a small volume was published, entitled the Life of William Wood-\\nbridge, from the pen of the compiler of this work. Among the n)any\\nopinions expressed of Governor Woodbridge by leading men, soon after his\\ndeath, were the f)llo\\\\ving: That he was an eminent jurist and constitu-\\ntional lawyer the oldest and most distinguished member of the Detroit\\nbar eminently a man of principle and honor a faithful and honored pub-\\nlic servant had a highly cultivated and refined taste, and left to his chil-\\ndren the rich legacy of a spotless name.\\nWoodward, Augustus B. He was a native of Virginia emigrated\\nto Michigan in 1805, when he was appointed a judge of the Territory, which\\nhonorable position he held until lo24. He was the author of a Code of\\nLaws, which bears his name. In 1824 he was appointed a Judge for the\\nTerritory of Florida, and died there after a service of three years. He was\\nthe man, moreover, who, in 1812, had a resolution adopted in the Legisla-\\nture prohibiting the wearing of apparel made from English goods. The\\ncolleagues of Judge Woodward on the bench were Frederick Bates and\\nJohn Griffin, in regard to whom the Avriter has been unable to obtain any\\nbiograi^hic particulars. We have seen it stated that Judge Woodward, in\\nconjunction with John Steward and William W. Ilarwood, founded the\\ntown of Ypsilanti in 1825 but if he went to Florida in 1824, the state-\\nment cannot be true.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "FOURTH PART.\\nMISCELLANEOUS RECORDS\\n2 F", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nTHE CExN SUS OF MICHIGAN IN 1870.\\nOfficially furnished for this work by the Census Bureau.)\\nIn the preceding pages the Compiler has submitted two or three para-\\ngraj)hs re.-ipecting the Census of Michigan for 1870, wliicli were obtained\\nfrom local authorities, or from the INIarshals of the United States, before\\nmaking their final rejjorts to the Government. It is now his privilege, how-\\never, through tlie kindness of the Superintendent of the Census Bureau, Mr.\\nFrancis A. Walker, to lay before the reader a statement of the population\\nof the State, respecting the authenticity of which there cannot be any\\ndoubt. In doing this, the population of each County will be given for\\n1870, in regular order, with a corresponding column exhibiting the popula-\\ntion of the same Counties in 1S60; and there will also be added to tliis list,\\nthe leading cities of the State, with the number of their inhabitants, exclu-\\nsive of the suburbs or villages which may be identified with them\\nCountiea.\\n1860.\\n1870.\\nCounties.\\nIosco.\\nI860.\\n175\\n1870.\\nAlcona,\\n183\\n696\\n3,163\\nAllegan,\\n16,087\\n32,106\\nIsabella\\n1,443\\n4,113\\nAlpena,\\n290\\n2,756\\nJackson,\\n26.671\\n36,050\\nAntrim,\\n179\\n1.985\\nKalamazoo,\\n24,646\\n32,054\\nBarry,\\n13,853\\n22,202\\nKalcasca,\\nNo return.\\n424\\nBay,\\n3,104\\n15.900\\nKent,\\n30,716\\n50,403\\nBenzie,\\nNo report.\\n2,184\\nKeewenaw,\\nNo report.\\n4,205\\nBerrien,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a222,. i78\\n35,104\\nLake,\\nNo report.\\n548\\nBranch,\\n20,981\\n26.226\\nLapeer,\\n14,754\\n21,345\\nCallioun,\\n29,r,64\\n36,569\\nLeelenaw,\\n2,158\\n4,816\\nCass,\\n17,721\\n21,094\\nLenawee,\\n38,112\\n45,596\\nCharlevoix,\\nNo\\nreport.\\n1,724\\nLivingston,\\n16,851\\n19,336\\nCheboygan,\\n517\\n2,196\\nMackinaw,\\n1,938\\n1,716\\nChippewH,\\n1,G03\\n1,689\\nMacomb,\\n22,843\\n27,616\\nClare,\\nNo\\nreport.\\n366\\nManitou,\\n1,042\\n891\\nClinton,\\n13,916\\n22,845\\nManistee,\\n975\\n6,074\\nCrawford, (no report.)\\nMarquette,\\n2,825\\n14,234\\nDelta,\\n1,172\\n2,441\\nMason,\\n831\\n3,264\\nEaton,\\n16,476\\n25.172\\nMecosta,\\n970\\n5,643\\nEmmett,\\n1,149\\n1,211\\nMenominee,\\nNo report.\\n1,892\\nGenesee,\\n22,498\\n33,900\\nMidland,\\n787\\n3,285\\nGladwin,\\n14\\nNo report.\\nMissaukee,\\nNo report.\\n130\\nGrand Traverse,\\n1,286\\n4,443\\nMonroe,\\n21,593\\n27,483\\nGratiot,\\n4,042\\n11,810\\n.Montcalm,\\n3,963\\n13,629\\nHillsdale,\\n25,675\\n31,684\\nMontmorency, (no\\nreport.)\\nHoufrhton,\\n9.234\\n13,879\\nMuskegon,\\n3,947\\n14.895\\nHuron,\\n3,165\\n9,049\\nNewaygo,\\n2,760\\n7.294\\nln riiara,\\n17,435\\n25.268\\nOakland,\\n38,261\\nm 40.867\\nIonia,\\n16,682\\n27,679\\nOceana,\\n1,816\\n7,222", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "508\\nMISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nCounties. 1860.\\n1870.\\nCounties\\nSchoolcraft,\\n1860.\\n(not known\\n1870.\\nOgemaw, No report.\\n12\\nOntonagon, 4,568\\n2.845\\nto be com\\nplete)\\n78\\n799\\nOsceola, 27\\n2,093\\nSliiavvasse,\\n12,349\\n20,858\\nOscod t, No report.\\n70\\nSt. Joseph,\\n21,262\\n26.276\\nOtsego, (no report.)\\nTuscola,\\n4,886\\n13.714\\nOttawa, 13,215\\n26,649\\nVan Burcn,\\n15,224\\n2SS-iS\\nPresqiie Isle, 26\\n355\\nWashtenaw,\\n35,686\\n41,434\\nRoscommon, (no report.)\\nWayne,\\n75,547\\n119.041\\nSaginaw, 12,693\\n39,097\\nWexford,\\nNo report.\\n650\\nSaint Clair, 26,604\\n36.661\\nSanilac, 7,599\\n14,562\\nTotal population\\n749,113\\n1,184,310\\nPOPULATION OF LEADING CITIES.\\nCiiies.\\n1860.\\nlb7u.\\nCities.\\n1860.\\n1870.\\nDetroit,\\n45,619\\n79,580\\nBattle Creek,\\n3,509\\n5.831\\nGrand Rapids,\\n8,085\\n16,507\\nYpsilauti,\\n3,955\\n5,478\\nJackson,\\n4,799\\n11,400\\nFlint,\\n2,950\\n5,386\\nEast Saginaw,\\n3,001\\n11.350\\nLansing,\\n3,074\\n5,241\\nKalamazoo,\\n6,070\\n9,181\\nMonroe,\\n3,892\\n5,086\\nAdrian,\\n6,213\\n8,438\\nMarshall,\\n3,736\\n4.925\\nSaginaw,\\n1,699\\n7,460\\nPontiac,\\n2,575\\n4,867\\nAnn Arbor,\\n5,097\\n7,363\\nNiles,\\n2 826\\n4,630\\nMuskegon,\\n1,450\\n6,002\\nColdwater,\\n2,905\\n4,381\\nPort Iluron,\\n4,371\\n5,973\\nSTATE OFFICERS OF MICHIGAN FROM 1836 TO 1870.\\nGOVERNORS.\\nTerritorial Governors: William Hull. 1805; Lewis Cass, 1814; George\\nB. Porter, 1829; Stevens T. Mason, 1834; J. T. Horner ex officio, 1835.\\nState Governors: Stevens T. Mason, 1S3G; AVilliam AVoodbridge, 1840;\\nJ. Wright Gordon (Acting,) 1841; John S.Barry, 1842; Alpheus Felch,\\n1846; AVilliam L. Greenly (Acting,) 1847; Epaphroditus Ransom, 1848;\\nJohn S. Barry, 1850; Robert McClelland, 1852; Andrew Parsons (Acting,)\\n1S53; KinsleyS. Bingham, 1855; Moses Wisner, 1859; Au.stin Blair, 1861;\\nHenry II. Cropo, I8(j5; and Henry P. Baldwin, 1869, re-elected and now\\niu office.\\nLIEUTENANT GOVERNORS.\\nEdward Mundy, 1835; J.Wright Gordon, 1840; Origen D. Richard-\\nson, 1842; William L. Greenly, 1847; WillianiM. Fenton, 1848; William\\nL. Greenly, 1849; William M. Fenton, 1851; Andrew Parsons, 1^53;\\nGeorge A. Coe, 1855; Edmund B. Fairfield, 1S59; James Birnoy, 1861\\nJoseph R. Williams (Acting,) 1861; Henry T. Backus (Acting,) 1862;\\nCharles S. May, 1863; Ebenezer O. Grosvenor, 1865; Dwight May, 1867;\\nand Morgan Bates, 1869, re-elected and now iu office.\\nSPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.\\nEzra Convis, 1835; Charles W. Whipple, 1886; Kinsley S. Bingham,\\n1838; Henry Acker, 1840; Philo C. Fuller, 1^^41; Kinsley S. Bingham,\\n1842; Robert McClelland, 1743; Edwin II. Lathrop, 1844; Alfred H.\\nHanscctm, 1845; Isaac E. Crary, 1846; George W. Peck, 1847; Alexander\\nW. Bucl, 1848; Lcander Chaprtum, 1^49; Silas G. Harris, 1850; Jeffer-\\nson G. Tliurber, 1851; Daniel G. C^uackenboss, 1853; Cyrus Lovell, 1855;", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 509\\nByron G. Stout, 1857; Henry A. Shaw, 1859; Dexter Miissev, ISGl Sul-\\nlivan i\\\\I. Ciitcheon, 1803 Gilbert E. Ketul, 1865; P. Deau Warner, 1807;\\nand Jouatlmu J. Woodman, 1869.\\nSECRETARIES OF STATE.\\nKoutzinirritchette, 1835; Randolph Manning, 1838; Thomas Rowland,\\n1840; R..b(M-t P. Eldridse, 1842 to J 846; Gideon O. Whittemore, 1.^46;\\nGeortre W. Peck, 1848; Geor e Rodfield, 18. )0, (resiirned April 11, 1850;)\\nCharles 11. Taylor, 1850 to 1852; William Graves, 1852; John McKinney,\\n1854 to lS58i Nelson G. Mk-H, 1858; James P. Porter, 1860 to 1866;\\nOliver L. Spaulding, 1866 to 1871 Daniel Striker, 1871.\\nSTATE TREASURERS.\\nHenry Howard, 1836-9; Peter Desnryer, 1839 Robert Stuart, 1840;\\nGeor-e W. Jermain, 1^41; John J. Adam, 1842; George Rcdfield. 1845;\\nGeorge B. Cooper, 1 ^46-50 Banard Whittemore. 1850-4; Silas M. Holmes,\\n1854-8; John .AIcKinney, 1^5^ John Owen, 1860-6; Ebenezer O. Gros-\\nvenor, 1866-71 Victory P. Collier, 1871.\\nATTORNEYS GEXERAL.\\nDaniel Le Roy, 1836; Peter ^Morev, 1^37-41 Zcphaniah Piatt, l ^41\\nElon Farnsworth, 1843; Henrv N. Walker. 1845; Edward i\\\\rundv, 1-47;\\nGeorge V. N. Lothrop, 1848-51; William Hall, 1851-4; Jacob IM. How-\\nard, 1854-60; Charles Upson, 1860; Albert Williams, 1S62-66; William\\nL. Stoughton, 1863; Dwight May, re-electel, ami now in office, ls()8-7l.\\nAUDITORS GEJJERAL.\\nRobert Abbott, 1836-9; Heiuy Howard, 1839 Eurotas P. Hastings,\\n1840; Alpheus Felch, 1842; Henry, L. AVhipple, (to fill vacancy,) 1-42;\\nCharles G. Hammond, 1842-5; John J. Adam, 1845; Digby V. Bell,\\n1846-8; John J. Adam, 1848-50; John Swegles, jr., 1850; John Swegles,\\n18.52; Whitney Jones, 1854-8; Daniel L. Case, 1853; Langford G. Berry,\\n1^)0; Einil Anueke, 1862-6; William Humphrey, re-elected and now in\\noffice, lb66-71.\\nTHE JUDICIARY OF THE ST.\\\\TE OF MICIIIOAX IX 18Y0.\\nCircuit Court of the United States. Sixth Circuit, Noah H. Swayne, of\\nOhio; H. H. Emmons, of jNIichigan.\\nDi-ilrid Court of 3fichi(jan. John W. Lonrrvear, of Lansing; Solomon\\nL. Withey, of Grand Rapids.\\nSupreme Court of Michigan. James V. Campbell, Detroit, Chief Justice\\nIsaac P. Christiancy, Monroe Benjamin F. Graves, Battle Creek Thomas\\nM. Cooley, Ann Arbor.\\nCircuit Court of Michigan. Daniel L. Pratt, Hillsdale David Black-\\nniau, Cassopolis Jared Patchin, Detroit Samuel Higby, Jackson George\\nWoodrutt; ^Marshall James S. Dewey, Pontiac Josiah Turner, Owosso\\nLouis S. Lovell, Ionia; Charles R. Brown, Kalamazoo; Jabez G. Suther-\\nland, Saginaw City Daniel Goodwin, Detroit; James O Grady, ^Manpiette;\\nJonathan G. Ramsdell, Traverse City A. II. (iiddings, Newaygo Charles\\nUpson, Cold water William T. ^Mitchell, Port Huron.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "510 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nPRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS OF MICHIGAN FROM 1837 to 1869,\\n1837 Martin Van Buren, elected. Vice President, Richard M. John-\\nson. Daniel LeRoy, William H. Hoeg, David C. McKinstry.\\n1841 William Henry Harrison, elected. Vice President, John Tyler.\\nThomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells, J. Van Fossen.\\n1845 James K. Polk, elected. Vice President, George M. Dallas.\\nLewis Beaufait, George Eedfield, P. S. Paulding, Charles P. Bush, Samuel\\nAxford.\\n1849 Zachary Taylor, elected. Vice President, Millard Fillmore.\\nJohn S. Barry, L. M. Mason, Rix Robinson, J. G. Thurber, William T.\\nHowell.\\n185o Franklin Pierce, elected. Vice President, William R. King.\\nJohn S. Barry, D. J. Campau, A. Edwards, William McCauley, Salmer\\nSharpe, John Stockton.\\n18o7 James Buchanan, elected. Vice President, John C. Breckin-\\nridge. F. C. Beaman, O. Johnson, H. Chamberlain, W. H. Whitney, C. H.\\nMiller, Thomas J. Drake.\\n1861 Abraham Lincoln, elected. Vice President, Hannibal Hamlin.\\nHezekiah G. Wells, Rufus Plosmer, George W. Lee, Edward Dorsch, Phi-\\nletus Hayden, Augustus Coburn.\\n1865 Abraham Lincoln, re-elected. Vice President, Andrew John-\\nson. Robert R. Beecher, Marsh Giddings, Thomas D. Gilbert, O. D. Con-\\nger, F. Walldorf, George W. Back, Christian Eberbach, J. Eugene Tenuey.\\n1867 Ulysses S. Grant, elected. Vice President, Schuyler Colfax.\\nCharles M. Crosswell, John Burt, William Daeltz, Charles W. Chisbee,\\nCharles T. Gorham, Byron M. Cutcheon, Giles Hubbard, Michael T. C.\\nPleasuer.\\nOFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN FROM 1837 TO 1870.\\nPresidents of the Board of Regents.\\nUntil the adoption of the Revised Constitution, the Governor of the\\nState was ex-officlo President of the Board. That instrument conferred\\nupon the Regents the power, and under it their duty, to elect a President\\nof the University, who should be ex-officlo President of their Board. Under\\nthis power, the tirst President was chosen in 1852\\nStevens T. Mason, 1837 William Woodbridge, M. A., 1840; James AVright\\nGordon, M. A., 1841 John S. Barry, 1842; Alpheus Felch, 1846 William\\nL. Greenly, 1847 Epajjliroditus Ransom, 1848 John S. Barry, 1850 Rev.\\nHenry Philip Tappan, D. D. LL. D., 1852; Rev. Erastus Otis Haven, D.\\nD. LL. D., 1863 to 1869.\\nRegents Ez-officio.\\nUntil the Revised Constitution took effect, the Lieutenant-Governor, the\\nChancellor, and the Justices of the Supreme Court, for the time being, were\\nex-officio members of the Board of Regents\\nLieutenant Governors. Edward Mundy, 1837 J. Wright Gordon, 1840;\\nOrigen D. Richardson, 1842; William L. Greenly, 1846; William M.\\nFenton, 1848 to 1852.\\n(Jhancellors. Elon Farnsworth, 1837 Randolph Manning, 1842; Elon\\nFarnsworth, 1846 to 1847, when the ofiice was abolished.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 511\\nJustices of the Supreme Court.\\nFrom 1837 William A. Fletcher, Chief Justice; resip^cd 1842. George\\nMorrell, Associate Justice; promoted, 1842. Epai)hroditus Raii.som, Asso-\\nciate Justice. Charles W. Whipple, Associate Justice; appointed, 1837.\\nGeorge ^lorrell, Chief Justice; from 1842, vice Fletcher. Alpheus Fclch,\\nAssociate Justice from l ^42, vice Morrell.\\nFrom 1843: Epaphroditus Ransom, Chief Justice; resigned, 1845.\\nCharles W. Whipple, Associate Justice promoted, 1848. Alpheus Felch,\\nAssociate Justice resigned, 1845. Daniel Goodwin, Associate Justice re-\\nsigned, 184G. Charles W. Whipple, Chief Justice; from 1848, r/ce Ran-\\nsom. Warner Wing, Associate Justice; from 1845, vice Felch. George\\nMiles, Associate Justice; from 1846, vice Goodwin. Sanford ]\\\\I. Green,\\nAssociate Justice; from 1848, vi ce Whipple. Edward Mundy, Associate\\nJustice from 1848 new appointment.\\nFrom 1850: Charles W. Whipple, Chief Justice; Warner Wing, Asso-\\nciate Justice; Sanford M. Greene, Associate Justice; Abner Pratt, Associ-\\nate Justice; Edward ]\\\\Iundy, Associate Justice died 1851. George Mar-\\ntin, Associate Justice from 1851, vice Mundy.\\nRegents by Appointment.\\nFrom the organization of the University till 1852, the Regents were ap-\\npointed by the Senate, on the nomination of the Governor, to hold office\\nfor four years, three being api)ointed annuallv\\nJohn Norvcll, 1837 Ross Wilkins, M. A., l837 John J. Adam, 1837;\\nLucius Lyon, 1837 Isaac E. Crary, M. A., 1837 Thomas Fitzgerald,\\n1837, (resigned in 1837 John F. Porter, {;vice T. Fitzgerald, 1S37, resigned in\\n1838;) Jonathan Kearsley, M. A., 1838, {vice J. F. Porter;) Samuel\\nDenton, M. D., 1827 Gideon O. Whittemore, 1827; Michael Hoffman,\\n1827, (resigned in 1838;) Gurdon C. Leach, 1838, {viceU. Hoffman;)\\nZinaPitchcr, M. D., 1837; Henry R. Scho.)lcraft, LL. D., 1837; Rol)ert\\nMcClelland, 1837, (resigned in 1837;) Seba Murphy, 1837, {x-ice R. :\\\\IcClcl-\\nland, resigned in 1839 ;j J()sei)h W. Brown, 1.^30, {vice Murphv, resigned\\nin 1S40;) Daniel Hudson, M. D., 1^40, {vice J. W. Brown;) John J. Adam,\\n1838, (resigned in 1S40;) John Norvel, 1838, (resigned in 1839;) Ross\\nWilkins, M. A.^ 183\\nCharles C. Trowbridge, 1837, {vice J. Norvell;) IMichael A. Patterson,\\nM. D., 1 ^40; {vice J. J. Adam Lucius Lyon, 1S39, (resigned in 1-^39;)\\nJonathan Kearsley, j\\\\[. A., 1^39 Isaac E. Crarv, M. A., 1839 Rev. George\\nDuffield, D. D., 1839, {vice L. Lyon;) Wilfiam Draper, M. A., 1840;\\nFrancis J. Iligginson, M. D., 1 ^40, (resigned in 1841 Samuel AV. Dexter,\\nM. A., 1840, (resigned in 1^41 Rev. Oliver C. Comstock, A. IM. :M. D.,\\n1841, {vice S. W. Dexter, resigned in 1843 John Owen, 1841, {vice F. J.\\nHigginson Lewis Cass, LL. D., 1843, {vice O. C. Comstock Zina Pitcher,\\nM. D., 1841; :\\\\Iartin Kundig, i\\\\I. A., 1841; George Goodman, 1841, (re-\\nsigned in 1 ^43;) Dewitt C. Walker, 1843, {vice G. Goodman, resigned in\\nls44 Rev. Robert R. Kellogg, M. A., 1844, {vice I). C. Walker;) Rev.\\nAndrew M. Fitch, 1842; Randolph Manning, 1842, (resigned in 1842;)\\nRev. Elisha Crane, 1842; William A. Fletcher, 1.^42, {vice R. Manning;)\\nJonathan Kearsley, 1843; Isaac E. Crary, 1843, (resigned in 1843;) Rev.\\nMarvin Allen, 1n43; Alexander H. Rediield, M. A., 1844, (wee J. E.\\nCrary;) Edward ^lundv, 1844; John Owen, 1844; Rev. George Duffield,\\nD. D., 1844 Zina PitJher, M. D., 1845 Austin E. Wing, M. A., 1845;", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "512 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nMinot T. Lane, 1845 Rev. Charles C. Taylor, M. A., 1846 Rev. Elijah\\nH. Pilcher, M. A., 1846 Elon Farnsworth, M. A., 1846 Jonatliau Kears-\\nley, 1847; Alexander H. Redticld, M. A., 1847 Rev. Marvin Allen, 1847\\nRev. John G. Atterbury, M. A., 1848 Justus Goodwin, M. A., 1848; Ben-\\njamin F. H. Witherell, 1848 Ziua Pitcher, M. D., 1849 Austin E. Wing,\\nM. A., 1849, (resigned in 1850;) Edwin M. Cust, M. A., 1849, (resigned in\\n1849 Epaphroditus Ransom, 1850, (vice E. M. Cust Rev. Gustavus L.\\nFoster, 1850, (vice A. E. Wing;) Robert McClelland, 1850; Elon Farns-\\nworth, M. A., 1850 Rev. Elijah H. Pilcher, 1850 Jonathan Kearsley,\\n1851 Alexander H. Redfield, M. A., 1851 Rev. Marvin Allen, 1851.\\nThe amended Constitution of 1851 provided for the election of a Regent\\nin each Senatorial District, to hold office for the period of six years.\\nRegents by Election.\\nFrom 1852 to 1857, 1st District, Michael A. Patterson, M. D; 2d Dis-\\ntrict, Edward S.Moore; 3d District, Elon Farnsworth; 4th District, James\\nKingsley; 5th District, Elisha Ely 6th District, Charles H. Palmer, M.\\nA.; 7th District, Andrew Parsons, (deceased 1854;) Henry Horatio Nor-\\nthrop, M. A., {vice A. Parsons;) 8tli District, William Upjohn, M. D.\\nFrom 1856 to 1863,1st District, Benjamin L.Baxter; 2d District, J.\\nEastman Johnson; 3d District, Levi Bishop; 4th District, Donald Mc-\\nIntyre; 5th District, E. Lakin Brown; 6th District, George W. Pack,\\n(resigned in 1858;) Henry Whiting, {vice G. W. Pack ;_) 7th District, Luke\\nH. Parsons; 8th District, Rev. John Van Vleck, (resigned in 1 58;) Oli-\\nver L. Spaulding, {vice J. Van Vleck 9th District, William M. Ferry,\\n1S58; 10th District, George Bradley, 1858.\\nBy an amendment of the Constitution, adopted in 1862, it was provided\\nthat eight Regents should be elected in 1863, to enter upon their office in\\n1864; two for two years, two for four years, two for six years, and two\\nfor eight years; and that at every election of a Justice of the Supreme\\nCourt thereafter, there should be elected two Regents for eight years. In\\naccordance with this provision, the following were elected, and the term\\nof their office was determined by lot, according to law.\\nEdward C. Walker, re-elected, term expires 1865; George Willard, re-\\nelected, term expires 1865; Thomas D. Gilbert, re-elected, term expires\\n1867; Thomas J. Joslin, term expires 1867; Henry C. Knight, term ex-\\npires 1869 Hiram A. Burt, Joseph Estabrook, term expires lf^ 69 J. East-\\nman Johnson, term expires 1869 Alvah Sweetser (deceased 1864,) term\\nexpires 1871 Syrus M. Stockwell, M. D., of Port Huron, term expires\\n1871 James A. Sweezey, term expires 1871 Walker, Willard, Gilbert,\\nand Burt have been re-elected Jonas H. McGowan, elected in 1870, term\\nexpires 1878.\\nSecretaries.\\nCharles W.Whipple, 1837; Anthony Ten Eyck, 1839; James Valentine\\nCampbell, M. A.; Eben N. Wilcox, 1845; O. W. Moore, 1852; Edward\\nR. Chase, 1853; Prof Alexander Winchell, JNI. A., 1854; John Livingston\\nTappau, M. A., 1856 Daniel Leonard Wood, M. A., 1858.\\nTreasurers.\\nCharles C. Trowbridge, 1837 John Norton, Jr., 1838 H. K. Sanger, 1839\\nA. H.Sibley, 1 41; John J. Adam, 1844; Digby V. Bell, 1846; John J.\\nAdam, 184\u00c2\u00ab John M. Chase, l^o\\\\; Henry Wolsey Welles, 1859; Volney\\nChapiu, 1860; Donald Mclutyre, 1864.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 513\\nLibrarian!^.\\nRev. Henry Colclazer, lSo7; Prnf. George Palmer Williams, LL. D.,\\n1845; Prof. Abram Sairer. M. D., 1848; Prof. Andrew Ten Brook, I\\\\I. A.,\\n1850 Prof Daniel D. Whedon, D. D., 1 851 Prof Lonis Fasquelle, LL. D.,\\n1852; John Livingston Tappan, M. A., 1856; Datus Chase Brooks, M. A.,\\n1863.\\nSuperintendents of Puhlie Instruction.\\nJohn D. Pierce, 1888; Franklin Sawver, Jr., 1.^41 Oliver C. Comstoek,\\nM. D., 1848; Ira ]^[ahc^v, M. A., 1845 Francis W. Shearman, M. A. Is49;\\nIra Mavhew, M. A., 1855; John M. Gregory, M. A., 1858; Oramel Hos-\\nford, 1865.\\nPresidents of the University.\\nRev. Henry Philip Tappan, D. D., LL. D., 1852; Rev. Erastus Otis\\nHaven, D. IX, LL. D., 1863 to 1869.\\nI. Department op Literature, Science, and the Arts.\\nrrofessors.\\nAsa Gray, M. D., Botany and Zoo ojry, 1833 to 1842.\\nDougli\\\\ss Houghton, M. A., M. D Clieinistry und Mineralogy, 1838 to 1845.\\nRev. George I almer Williams, LL. D., Ancient Linjcaages, 1841.\\nRev. Joseph Whiting. M. A., Ancient Langunges, 1841 to 1845.\\nRev. George Palmer Williams, LL. D., Mathematics ami Physics, 1841 to 1852.\\nAbrani vSager, M. D., Botany and Z )ology, 184 2 to 185!).\\nRev. Edward Thomson, D. I)., LL. D.. Moral and (ntellectnal Philosophy, 1843 to 1844.\\nRev. Andrew Ten Brook, M. A., Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, 1844 to 1851.\\nRev. John Holmes Agnew, D. D., Ancient fjimguages and Literature, 1845 to 1852.\\nRev. Daniel D. Whedon, D. D., Elisfory and Rhetoric, 1845 to- 1852.\\nSilas Hamilton Douglass, M. A., M. D.. Chemistry and Mineralogy, 184G to 1848.\\nLouis Fasquelle, LL. D., Modern Lunguages and Literature, 1846 to 18G2.\\nSilas Hamiltoa Douglass, M. A., M. D., Chemistry, Geology, and Mineralogy, 1848 to\\n1855.\\nRev. William S. Curtis, D. D., Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, 1851 to 1852.\\nRev. Henry Philip Tappan, D. D., LL. D., Philoso[)hy, 1852 to 1803.\\nRev. George Palmer Williams, LL. D., Natural Philosophy and Mathematics, 1852 to\\n1854.\\nJames Robmson Boise, M. A., Ancient Languages, Greek Language and Literature. 1852.\\nRev. ErRRtus Otis Haven, D. D., LL. D., Latin Language and Literature, 1852 to 1854.\\nAlvah Bradish, M. A., Fine Arts, 1852 to 1863.\\nRev. George Palmer Williams, LL. D., Mathematics, 1854 to 1863.\\nAlexander Winchell, M. A., Physics and Civil Engineering, 1854 to 1855.\\nRev. Charles Fo.\\\\, .M. A., Theoretical and Practical Agriculture, 1854.\\nFrancis Bruunow, Ph. D., Astronoiaiy and Director of the Observatory, 1854 to 1858.\\nRev. Erastus Otis Haven, D. D., LL. D., History and English Literature, 1854 to 1856.\\nHenry Simmons Frieze, M. A., Latin Language and Literature, 1854.\\nSilas Hamilton Douglass, M. A., M. D., (Chemistry and Mineralogy, 1855.\\nAlexander Winchell, M. A., Geology, Zoology, and Botuiy, 1855.\\nWilliam G. Peck, M A., Physics and Civil and Mining Engiueering, 1855 to 1857.\\nWilliam P. Trowbridge, M. A., Mathaiuatics, 1856 to 1857.\\nAndrew Dickson White, M. A., History and English Literature, 1857.\\nFrancis Brunnow, Ph. D., Director of the Observatory, 18 i[) to 1860.\\nDevolson Wood, M. A., Physics and Civil Engineering, 1\u00c2\u00ab59 to 1860.\\nJames Craig Watson, M. Astronomy, 1859 to 1860.\\nDevolson Wood, M. A., Civil Engineering, 1860.\\nJames Craig Watson, M. A., Physics, 1860 to 1863.\\nFrancis Brunnow, Ph. D., Astronomy and Director of the Observatory, 1860 to 1863.\\nThomas Mclntyre Cooley, Constitutional Law, 1861.\\nEdward Payson Evans, Ph. D., Modern Languages and Literature, 1863.\\nRev. Erastus Otis Haven, D. D., LL. D., Rhetoric and English Literature, 1863.\\n2 G", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "514 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nRev. Lucius Delison Chapin, M. A.., Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, 1863.\\nJames Craig Watson, M. A., Astronomy and Director of the Observatory, 1863.\\nRev. George Palmer Williams, LL. D., Physics, 18G3.\\nEdward Oluey, M. A., Mathematics, 1863.\\nAssistant Professors.\\nDatus Chase Brooks, M. A., Rhetoric and English Literature, 1857 to 1863.\\nJohn Emery Clark, M. A., Mathematics, 1857 to 1859.\\nAlfred Du Bois, M. A., Chemistry, 1857 to 1863.\\nDevolson Wood, M. A., Civil Engineering, 1857 to 1859.\\nInstructors.\\nJonathan Beach, 1843 to IJ 45.\\nSilas Hamilton Douglass, M. A., M. D., Chemistry, 1844 to 1846.\\nBurrett A. Smith, B. A., 1845 to 1847.\\nAlfred Du Bois, M. A., Chemistry, 1855 to 1857.\\nDatus Chase Brooks, .VI. A., Rhetoric and English Literature, 1856 to 1857.\\nJames Craig Watson, M. A., Assistant in the Observatory, 1857 to 1859.\\nAdam Knight Spcnce, M. A., Greek, 1858 to 1859.\\nFitch Reed Williams, B. A., Latin, 1858 to 1860.\\nJames Craig Watson, M. A., Mathematics, 1859 to 1860.\\nAdam Knight Spence, M. A., Greek and French, 1859 to 1860.\\nCleveland Abbe, B. A., Physics and Civil Engineering, 1859 to 1860.\\nAdam Knight Spence, M. A., Greek, Latin, and French, 1860 to 1863.\\nPreston B. Rose, Chemistry, 1861 to 1863.\\nCharles Kendall Adams, M. A., History, 1862 to 1863.\\nWilliam H. Bruckner, Chemistry, 1862 to 1863.\\nEdward Payson Evans, Ph. D., Modern Languages and Literature, 1862 to 1863.\\nAdam Knight Spence, M. A., Greek and French, 1863.\\nCharles Kendall Adams, M A., History and l^atin, 1863.\\nAlbert Benjamin Prescott, M. D., Chemistry, 1863.\\nHenry Sylvester Cheever, B. A., Chemistry, 1863.\\nDexter Valverd Dean, Chemistry, 1863.\\nAllien Jeremiah Curtis, M. A., Rhetoric and Mathematics, 1863.\\nElmore Horton Wells, B. S., Civil Engineering, 1864.\\nII. Department of Medicine and Surgery.\\nProfessors.\\nSilas Hamilton Douglass, M. A., M. D., Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Med. Juris-\\nprudence, 1848 to 1850.\\nAbram Sager, M. A., M. D., Theory and Practice of Medicine, 1848. to 1850.\\nMofes Gunn, M. A., M. D., Anatomy, 1848 to 1850.\\nAbram Sager, M. A., M. D., Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, 1850 to\\n1854.\\nMoses Gunn, M. A., M. D., Anatomy and Surgery, 1850 to 1852.\\nSamuel Denton, M. D., Theory and Practice of Medicine and Pathology, 1850 to 1860.\\nSilas Hamilton Douglass, M. A., M. D., Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Medical Jurispru-\\ndence, 1850.\\nJonathan Adams Allen, M. A., M. D., Therapeutics, Materia Medica, and Physiology,\\n1850 to 1854.\\nZina Pitcher, M. D., (Emeritus,) Institutes of Medicine and Obstetrics, 1851.\\nMoses Gunn, M. A.. M. D., Surgery, and Lecturer on Anatomy, 1852 to 1854\\nAlonzo Benjamin Palmer, M. A. M. D., Anatomy, 1852 to 1854.\\nAbram Sager, M. A., M. D., Obstetrics and Physiology, 1854 to 1860.\\nMoses Gunn, M. A., M. D., Surgery, 1854.\\nAlonzo Benjamin Palmer, M. A., M. D., Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Diseases\\nof Women and Children, 1854 to 1860\\nCorydon La Ford, M. A., M. D Anatomy, 1854 to 1869\\nEdmund Andrews, M. A., M. D., (Jomparaiive Anatomy, 1854 to 1855.\\nAlfred Dubois, M. A., (Assistant Professor.) Chemistry, 1857 to 1863.\\nAbram Sager, M. A., M, D., Obstetrics, and Diseases of Women and Children, 1860.\\nAlonzo Benjamin Palmer, M. A., M. D., Patliology, and Practice of Medicine and\\nMateria Medica, 1860 to 1861.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 515\\nCorydon La Ford, M. A., M. D Anatomy and Pliy?iology, 18C0.\\nThomas Mclntyre Cooley, Medical Jurisprudence, 1860.\\nAlonzo Benjamin Palmer, M. A., M D.. Patiiolo ry, and Practice of Medicine, 1861.\\nSamuel Glasgow Armor, M. D., Institutes of Mediciue and Materia Medica, 1861.\\nInstructors.\\nEdmund Andrews, M. A., M. D., Demonstrator, and Assistant Lecturer oa Anatomy,\\n1851 to 1854.\\nEdmund Andrews, M. A., M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1854 to 1855,\\nCharles P. Tanner, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1855 to 1857.\\nAlfred Dubois. M. A., Assistant to the Prefessor of Chemistry, 18G5 to 1857.\\nAlbert Miller Heimer, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1857 to 1858.\\nWilliam Lewiit, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 1858.\\nPreston B. Rose, .M. D., Assistant in Chemistry, 1861.\\nWilliam II. Bruckner, Assistant in Chemistry, 1862 to 1863.\\nAlbert Benjamin Prescott, M. D., Assistant in Chemistry, 1863.\\nHenry Sylvester Checver, B. A., Assistant in Chemistry, 1863.\\nDexter Valverd Dean, Assistant in Chemistry, 1863.\\nIII. Depahtment of Law.\\nProfessors.\\nJames Valentine C;(mpbell, M. A., Marshall Professor of Law, 1859.\\nCharles Irish Walker. Kent Professor of Law, 1859.\\nMharles .Mclntyre Cooley, Jay Professor of Law, 1859.\\nTRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN COLLEGES IN 1870.\\nAdrian College.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Trustees, L. G. Berry, Adrian; J. S. Thrap, Adrian W. S. Wil-\\ncox, Adrian John Redman, Pittsburg, Pa.; C. Springer, Zanesville, Ohio James .May-\\nall, Princeton, Illinois T. J. Finch, Springfield, Ohio Jvihn Fordyce, Cambridge, Ohio\\nR. R. Beecher, Adrian, President; J(/hn J. Gillispie, Pittsburg, Pa., Treasurer; Peter\\nLow, Adrian R. Rose, Jeffersonvilie, Ohio G. B. McElroy, Secretary.\\nAlbion Colllge. Trustees, B. F. Cocker, Ann Arbor David Preston, Detroit; S.\\nW. Walker, Detroit; Jacob Anderson, Albion; A. M. Filch, Albion, Treasurer; J. S.\\nSmart, Adrian M. A. Daugherty, Albion; William liort, Niles James W. vShel-\\ndon, Albion, President Seth R?ed, Romeo William H. Brockway, Albion Orlando\\nC. Gale, Albion J. L. G. iMcKowu, Albion, President ex-officio.\\nHillsdale College. Trustees, Horace Blackmar, Hillsdale John Corey, Fayette;\\nGeorge T. Day, D. D., Dover, N. U.; Ransom Dunn, Hillsdale Samuel B. Philbrick,\\nChester, Ohio Lawrens B. Potter, Lansing Henry E. Whipple, Hillsdale Samuel D.\\nBates, .Marion, O.; Ebenezer 0. Grosvenor, Hillsdale David H. Lord, .\\\\I. D., Hillsdale;\\nChauncy Reynolds, Hillsdale S. F. Smith, Berlin, Wisconsin Nicholas Vineyard,\\nHillsdale; Henry Waldron, Hillsdale; Jeremiah Baldwin, Hillsdale; Daniel M.\\nGraham, D. D., Chicago Frederick Fowler, Reading; Spencer J. Fowler, Hillsilale\\nJames Calder, D. D., Hillsdale; Charles B. .Mills, Vassar Linus S. Parmalee, Reading;\\nDaniel Bcebee, Hillsdale; Henry J.King, Hillsdale; Charles T. Mitchell, Hillsdale\\nWilliam Calder, Harrisburg, Pa.; David L. Rice, I illsdale; Lewis J. Thompson, Hills-\\ndale J. W. Winsor, Hillsdale; Oscar E. Baker, Wilton, Indiana; John P. Cook, Hills-\\ndale; Daniel Dunakin, Homer Frederick M. Ilolloway, Fayette Caleb C. Johnson,\\nHillsdale Leonard OIney, Hillsdale and Daniel L. Pratt, Hillsdale.\\nKalamazoo College. Trustees, Kendall Brooks, D. D., President H. L. Wayland,\\nD. D., Secretary; Caleb Van Husan, Treasurer; T. L. R. Jones; E. B. Smith; F. W.\\nWilco.x; B. P. Russell; Caleb Eldred,Jr.; F. S. Hamilton; N. S. Burton; D. D.; L. D.\\nPalmer; E. G. Huntington John .Antisdell A.Owen; L. H. Trowbridge; Isaac W.\\nLamb; D. L. Latourelte Martin Wilson Caleb Ives; A. E. .Mather; II. L. .Morehouse;\\nGeo. lugersoll; S. Cornelius, D. D.; Silas Bailey; J. S. Boyden II. Staiiwood Charles\\nCooper; Latham Hall S. Haskell D. Putnam; U. C. Briggs E. Curtiss G. S, Chase\\nand E. J. Fish.\\nOlivet College. Trustees: Nathan J. Morrison, D. D., President; Henry Bates,\\nCanton, III James S. Hoyt, Port Huron Calvin Clark, Marshall Newell Avery, De-\\ntroit Herbert A. Reed, Marshall J. L. Pattun, Greeneville Oramel Hosford, Olivet", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "516 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nSamuel F. Drury, Olivet Thomas Jones, Augusta; Philo R. Hurd, Romeo James B.\\nPorter, Lansing; Serins W. Streeter, Union City; 0. Hitchcock, Kalumazoo; Fitz. L.\\nReed, Olivet; Philo Parsons, Detroit; Albertus L. Greene, Olivet Addison Bullard, D.\\nD., Detroit Willard Davis, Vermontville Franklin Moore, Detroit William Hogarth,\\nD. D, Detroit; Wolcott B. Williams, Charlotte; Jesse W. Hough, Jackson; Latham\\nHull, Kalamazoo M. S. Sweet, Grand Rapids.\\nHope College. As a notice of this institution was omitted in its proper place, a\\nsummary of its history and condition is submitted as follows It is located in Holland\\nCity, Ottawa County; is under the control of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, and was\\nincorporated in 1866. It was established as an Academy about the year 1850. by Rev.\\nA. C. Van Raalte, the founder of the Holland Colony. Its grounds are si.xteen acres in\\nextent, and its buildings, though comfortable, are temporary in their character.\\nAt the close of 186!), it had an endowment fund of about $50,000, and the work of\\nincreasing this was in progress. At present the Board of Education of the Reformed\\nChurch also furni hes the chief part of the sum needed for the salaries of the jirofes-\\nsors, and expends about $1,000 per annum for the support of candidates for the minis-\\ntry. A similar board of the Hollandish churches contributes about $3,000 per annum\\nfor the support of students under its care.\\nThe Departments already organized are three, viz Preparatory, Academic, and The-\\nological. In the Preparatory Department or Grammer school, are lour classes, which,\\nin November, 1869, contained 72 pupils. The Academic Department has the customary\\nclasses. Freshmen, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior, which embraced in November, 1869,\\n25 students. The first class received the degree of A. B., in 1866, and of A. M. in 1869;\\nand from this Department have been sent four classes, numbering together tweniy-two\\ngraduates, of whom seventeen are either in the ministry or preparing for it. The Theo-\\nlogical Department ushered its first class, a class of seven, into the ministry in June,\\n1869. It had in November last nine members, distributed into Junior, Middle, and Se-\\nnior classes. Thus the whole number of students for the year 1869- 70, was lOG. From\\nthe college priming house is issued a weekly religious newspaper in the Hollandish lan-\\nguage. The following persons comprise the faculty of the institution\\nAlbert-is 0. Van Raalte, D D., Professor of Evangelistic Theology.\\nPhilip Phelps, D. D., Professor of Exegetical Theology, and of Mental and Moral\\nPhilosophy.\\nCornelius E. Crispell, D. D Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology, and of .Math-\\nematics pnd Natural Philosophy.\\nPeter J. Ogiel, A. .M Lector in Sucred Rhetoric and Pastoral Theology, and Profes-\\nsor of Sacred Literature.\\nT. Romeyn Beck, A. M., Lector in Biblical Criticism and Philology, and Professor of\\nLatin and Greek.\\nCharles Scott, A. M., Lector in Ecclesiastical History and Government, and Professor\\nof Natural History and Chemistry.\\nCornelius Doesberg, Tutor in Modern Languages. William A. Shields, A.M., Tutor.\\nThe General Synod of the Reformed Church in America, is the ultimate Board of Trus-\\ntees exercisin-; its trust, at first through its Board of Education alone, but since the\\nincorporation of the College principally by means of a Board of Superintendents, whose\\ncorporate title is The Council of Hope College. The following is the list of its officers\\nAlbertus C. Van Raalte, D. D., Holland, Mich., President.\\nJohn S. Joralmon, Fairview, III., Vice President.\\nAbel T. Stewart, Holland, Mich., Secretary.\\nPeter J. Oggel, Holland, Mich., Treasurer.\\nJohn L. See, D. D., New Brunswick, N. J., Corresponding Secretary of the Board of\\nEducation.\\nPhilip Phelps, D. D., Holland, Mich., President of the College.\\nIn the past the groat effort of the friends of this Institution has been to build up its\\nTheological Department, hut it is proposed to form new departments as soon as practi-\\ncable, and measures have been taken to add a Primary and a Female Department at aa\\nearly day.\\nState Board op Agriculture. Hezekiah G. Wells, of Kalamazoo, President David\\nCarpenter, of Blissfield Abraham C. Prutzman, Three Rivers S. 0. Knapp, Jackson\\nOrnmtl Ilosford, Olivet; J. Webster Chiles, Ypsilanti. His Excellency H. P. Baldwin\\nand T. C. Abbott, President of the College, ex-officio Sanford Howard, Secretary;\\nJoseph Mills, Lansing.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 517\\nBOOKS CONNECTED WITH THE TERRITORY AND STATE OP MICHIGAN.\\nAgassiz, Louis. Lake Superior, Its Physical Ciiaracter. Boston, 1850.\\nAmerican Stale Papers. Volumes on Indian Allairs and Public Lauds. AVasbing-\\nton, 183-2.\\nAndrews, Israel D. Colonial and Lake Trade. Washington, 1852.\\nBaraga, Frederick. The Ottuwa Prayer Book. Detriot, 1842.\\nBi.shop, Levi. Teuchsa Gromlie, a Poem. Albany, 1870.\\nBlois, J. T.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gazeteer of Michigan. Detroit, 1840.\\nBryant, William C. Letter.s of a Traveller. New York, 1851.\\nBurt, W. A., and Hubbard B. Geography of the South Shore of Lake Superior.\\nDetroit, 1846.\\nCiirver, Jonathan. Travels Through North America in 17G0-8. London, 1779. A\\nmutilated copy of this work was published in New York a few years ago as Travels in\\nWisconsin.\\nCharlevoix, Father. Travels Through Canada. London, 17C3.\\nClark, Charles F.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Michigan State Gazetecr. Detroit, 18G3.\\nColton, Georjje U. Tecumseh or the West Thirty Years Since. New York, 1842.\\nCooley, Thomas .M. Digest of .Michigan Reports. Detroit,\\nCooper, J. Fennimore. Oak Openings a novel, the scene of which is laid in Kala-\\nmazoo County, Michigan. New York, 1848.\\nCopway, George. Traditional History of the Ojibway Nation. Boston, 1851.\\nDarby, William.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Tour from New York to Detroit. New York, 1819.\\nDejean. The Missionary; A Vocabul.iry of French and Ottawa Words. Detroit, 1830.\\nDisturnell, John. The Great Lakes and their Commerce. New York, 1863.\\nDrake, Benjamin. Life of Tecumseh and his Brotlier, the Prophet. Cincinnati, 1841.\\nFa -mer, John. Michigan and Ouisconsiu Territories. New York, 1830.\\nFarmer, J. W. Map of Southern Michigan also, Sectional Map of Wisconsin anS\\nMichigan. New York, 1856.\\nFerris, J. States and Territories of the Great West. New York, 1856.\\nFlint, Henry M. The Railroads of the United States. Philadelphia, 1868.\\nFoster, J. W. The Physical Geography of the Mississippi Valley. Chicago, 1869.\\nFuller, Margaret S. Summer on the Lakes. Boston, 1S56.\\nHennepin, Louis Travels in Canada, Paris,\\nHenry, Alexand.n-. Travels and Adventures in Canada. London, 1809.\\nHistorical Society of Michigan. Discourses by Lewis Cass, Henry ft. Schoolcraft,\\nHenry Whiting, and John Biddle Detroit 1834.\\nHolfinan, Charles Fenno.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Winter in the West. 2 vols. New York, 1835.\\nJameson, Anna. Wi-.ter Studies and Summer Rambles, 3 vols. London, 1833.\\nKane, Paul. Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America. Lon-\\ndon, 1859.\\nKirkland, Caroline M. A New Home; Who ll Follow Forest Life; and Western\\nClearings. New Vork, 1839, 1842. and 1846.\\nKohl, J. G. Kitchi Gami Wanderings Around Lake Superior. London, 1860.\\nLa Hontan, Baron. Voyages to North America, 2 vols. London, 1703.\\nLanman, Charles. A Summer in the Wilderness. New York. 1847. Life of Wil-\\nliam Woodbridge. Washington, 1867. The Red Book of Michigan. Detroit, 1871.\\nLanman, Jara-S H. History of .Michigan, Civil and Topographical. New York, 1839.\\nAbridgement of the same. New York, 1843.\\nLossing, Benson J.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Field Book of the War of 1812. New York, 1863.\\nMac Afee. Robert B. History of the Late War in the Western Country. Lexington,\\nKen ucky, 1816.\\nMcKenney, Thomas L. Tour to the Lakes. Baltimore. 1827.\\nNoble, Louis Lo Grand. .Miscellaneous Poems. Philadelphia and New York, 1842\\nand 1857.\\ni arkman. Francis. Conspiracy of Pontiac. Boston, 185 1. Jesuits in North America.\\nBoston, 1867.\\nRoberts, Robert E Sketches of the City of Detroit. Detroit, 1855.\\nRogers, Robert. Journal of an E.xpedition to Detroit. London,\\nRoosevelt, Robert U. Suijcrior Fishing. New York, 1865.\\nScliooley, Augustus C.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Among the Wolverines. Chicago, 1869.\\nSchoolcraft, Henry R.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Journal of Travels Through the American Lakes to the\\nSources of the .Mississippi [liver. Albany, 1821. The Rise of the West, and oilier\\npoems. Detroit, 1827. Algic Researches, 2 vols. New York, 1839. Personal Memoirs", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "518 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nfrom 1812 to 1842. Philadelphia, 1851. Life and Character of L wis Cass. Albany,\\n1848. See also Miscellaneous Discourses and Lectures on the Minerals, Indians, and\\nHistory of Michigan.\\nShearman, Francis W.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 System of Public Instruction and the Primary School La^s\\nof Michigan. Lansing, 18J2.\\nSheldon, E. M.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Eaily History of Michigan. New York, 1830.\\nSt. John, J. II. Lake Superior Country and the Copper Mines. New York, 1826.\\nStrickland, W. P.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Mackinaw. Philadelphia, 1853.\\nTanner, H S.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Map of Michigan and Wisconsin. Philadelphia, 1846.\\nTour of the American Lakes. Anonymous. London, 1833.\\nVan Fleet, J. A.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old imd New Mackinac. Ann Arbor, 1870.\\nWheelock, Julia S.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Boys in White. New York, 1870. Appended to this work\\nis a Poem by H. J. Baxter.\\nWhitney, George L.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Historical and Scientific Sketches of Michigan. Detroit, 1834.\\nWinchell, Alexander\u00e2\u0080\u0094 lleports on the Geology of Michigan, and also on the Grand\\nTraverse Region. Lansing, 1870.\\nYoung, William T., Life of Lewis Cass, Philadelphia, 1853.\\nZeisberger, David His Life and Times as a Western Pioneer and Apostle of the In-\\ndians. Philadelphia, 1870.\\nTo the above should be added the long list of documents, published by authority of\\nthe State, bearing on all its natural and industrial resources, which are not only nume-\\nrous, but of great value.\\nNEWSPAPERS OF MICHIGAN, WITH THEIR PUBLISHERS, IN 1870.\\nAlso, the character of the papers, and in what year established.\\nAdrian Times and Expositor, daily and weekly, Applegate Fee, 1838.\\nAdrian Journal, weekly, J. Cross, 1867.\\nAdrian Michigan Teacher, monthly, Payne, Whitney, Co., 1865.\\nAlbion Mirror, weekly, L. W. Cole, 1856.\\nAlbion Recorder, weekly, Reed Bissell, 1868.\\nAlbgan Democrat, weekly, Oscar Hare, 1867.\\nAllegan Journal, weekly, D. C. Henderson, 1856.\\nAllegan Star, monthly. W. W. Vosburg, 1867.\\nAlpena Pioneer, weekly, A. C. Tefft, 1863.\\nAnn Arbor Democrat, weekly, H. E. H. Bower, 1868.\\nAnn Arbor Michigan Argus, weekly, E. \\\\i. Pond, 1845.\\nAnn Arbor Peninsula Courier, weekly, R. A. Beal, 1861.\\nAnn Arbor Chronicle, bi-weekly, University Students, 1869.\\nBattle Creek Advent Review, weekly, Adventisl s Publishing Company, 1850.\\nBattle Creek Journal, weekly, George Willard Co., 1851.\\nBattle Creek Youth s Instructor, semi-monthly, G. II. Bell, 1852.\\nBattle Creek Health Reformer, monthly, W. C. Gauge, 1866.\\nBattle Creek Real Estate Reporter, monfily, A. Hitchcock Co., 1868.\\nBay City Journal, weekly, Wilson Bryce, 1864.\\nBay City Saginaw Valley News, weekly, Republican Association, 1870.\\nBay City Signal, weekly, Kennedy k Worden, 1864.\\nBenton Harbor Palladium, weekly, J P. Thresher, 1868.\\nBig Rapids Pioneer, weekly, Charles, Gay Co., 1862.\\nBronsou Herald, weekly, T. M. C. C. Babcock, 1867.\\nBuchanan Advent Christian Times, weekly. Publishing Association, 1864.\\nBuchanan Record, weekly, D. A. Wagner, 1857.\\nBuchanan Christian Proclamation, monthly, D. A. Wagner, 1868.\\nBuchanan Advent, quarterly, W. L. Himes, \\\\SC 0.\\nBurr Oak Democrat, weekly, E. B. Dewey, 1869.\\nCaro Tuscola Advertiser, weekly, li. G. Chapin, 1868.\\nCassopolis National Democrat, weekly, C. C. Allison, 1850.\\n(jcdar Springs, Wolverine Clipper, weekly. Maze Sellers, 1869.\\nCenlerville Republican, weekly, H. Egabroad Co., 1869.\\nCharlevoix Sentinel, weekly, W. A Smith, 1869.\\nCharlotte Argus, weekly, J. V. Johaaon Co., 1855.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 519\\nCharlotte Republican, weekly, Saunders Trash, 1853.\\nChesanir.g Banner, weekly, IMiblishiuir I ompuny, 1869.\\nClinton Ktandard, weekly, D. B. Sherwood, 1870.\\nColdwater Republican, weekly, Bowen, Dunham Moore, 1866.\\nColdwater Sentinel, weekly, F. V. Smith. KS M.\\nConstantine Mercury, weekly, L. F. Hull. 1845\\nCorunna Shiawassee American, weekly, John N. Ingersoll, 1855.\\nDecatur Republican, weekly, E. A. Blackmail, 18ij7.\\nDetroit Abend Post, daily ami weekly, Augustus Marxhausen, 1867.\\nDetroit Advertiser and Tribune, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, Advertiser and Trib-\\nune Company, IBliO.\\nDetroit Free Press, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly. Free Press Company, 1832.\\nDetroit Michigan Journal, daily, C. Mar.xhausen, 1855.\\nDetroit, Michigan Volksblatt, daily and weekly, .M. Cramer Co., 1853.\\nDetroit Post, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, Daily Post Company, 1866.\\nDetroit Union, daily iind weekly. Union I rinting Company, 1865.\\nDetroit Anti-Roman Advocate, weekly, Mederic Lanctot, 1870.\\nDetroit Commercial Advertiser, weekly, W. H. Burk, 18(;i.\\nDetroit Journal of Commerce, weekly, J. T. Gradwell, 1865.\\nDetroit, Michigan Farmer, weekly, Johnstone Gibbons, I8G9.\\nDetroit, Peninsular Herald, weekly. Temperance Association, 1863.\\nDetroit American Observer, monthly, Edwin Lodge, 1864.\\nDetroit Mechanic and Inventor, monthly. Publishing Association, 1867.\\nDetroit, Review of Medicine and Pharmacy, monthly, G. P. Andrews, 1866.\\nDexter Leader, weekly, A. .McMillan, 1869.\\nDowagiac Rt publican, weekly, Henry C. Buffington, 1857.\\nEast Sa ginaw Courier, weekly, S. S. Fomeroyv 1858.\\nEast Saginaw Enterprise, daily and weekly, publisher not known to Compiler, 1855.\\nEaton Rapids Journal, weekly, Frank C. Culk-y, 1865.\\nElk Rapids, Traverse Bay Eagle, weekly, Sprague Spencer, 1864.\\nEscanawba Tribune, weekly. E. P. Lott, 1869.\\nFenton Gazette, weekly, W. H. H. Smith, 1865.\\nFentonville Independent, weekly, II. N. Jennings, 1868.\\nFentonville Christian Home, quarterly, 0. E. Fuller, 1869.\\nFlint, Genesee Democrat, weekly, Jenny ellows, 1848.\\nFlint Globe, weekly, A. L. Aldnch, 1866.\\nFlint, Wolverine Citizen, weekly, F. H. Rankin, 1850.\\nGrand Haven Herald, weekly, Henry S. Chubb, 1869.\\nGrand Haven News, weekly, John H. Mitchell, 1859.\\nGrand Haven Union, weekly, L. M. S. f raith, 1861.\\nGrand Ledge Independent, weekly, B. F. Sininders, 1870.\\nGrand Rapids Democrat, daily and weekly, M. H. Clark Co., 1862.\\nGrand Rapids Eagle, daily and weekly, A. B. Turner Co., 1844.\\nGrand Rapids Sun, daily, R. A. .Marvin k Co, 1869.\\nGrand Rapids Industrial Journal, weekly. Labor Union Publishing Company, 1867.\\nGrand Rapids Vrijheid s Bonier, weekly, Verberg Co., 1868.\\nGrass Lake Reporter, weekly, Andrew Allison, 1867.\\nGreenville Independent, weekly, E. P. Grabill, 1854.\\nHart Oceana Journal, weekly, J. Palmeter, 1869.\\nHastings Banner, weekly, George M. Dewey, 1854.\\nHastings Home Journal, weekly, Gibson Brothers, 1868.\\nHillsdale Democrat, weekly, Wm. H. Tallman, 1859.\\nHillsdale Standard, weekly, H. B. Rowlson, 1846.\\nHolland De Hollander, weekly, W. Beujaminse, 1850.\\nHolland De Hope, weekly, Hope College, 1866.\\nHolland, Der Wachter, semi-monthly, C. Vorst, 1866.\\nHolly Kegister, weekly, Henry Jenkins, 1865.\\nHoughton Portage Lake Gazette, weekly, H McKenzie, 1859.\\nHowell Livingston Democrat, weekly, Jis. T. Titus. 1857.\\nHowell Livingston Republican, weekly, J. D. Smith k Co., 1855.\\nHudson Gazette, weekly. Win. T. B. Schermerhorn, 1858.\\nHudson Post, weekly, C. W. Stevens, 1862.\\nIonia Sentinel, weekly, Taylor k Stevenson, 1866.\\nIthaca Gratiot Journal, weekly, Dauiel Taylor, 1866.\\nIthaca School Journal, monthly, Daniel Taylor, 1868.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "520 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nJackson Citizen, daily and weelily, O Donnell, Hilton, Smith, 1849.\\nJackson Patriot weekly, Carlton and Van Antwerp, 1844.\\nJonesville Independent, weekly, James I. Dennis, 1848.\\nKalamazoo Telegraph, daily and weekly. Telegraph Company, 1868.\\nKalamazoo Gazette, weekly, Joseph Lomax, 1862.\\nKalamazoo Present Age, weekly. Spiritual Publishing Company, 1868\\nKalamazoo Bill Poster, monthly, McCarthy Whipple, 1869.\\nKalamazoo Freemason, monthly, Chapin Rix, 1869.\\nLansing State Democrat, weekly, J. W. Higgs, 1866.\\nLansing State Republican, weekly, W. S. George Co., 1855.\\nLapeer Clarion, weekly, S. J. Tomlinson, 1837.\\nLawton Tribune, weekly, J. H. Wickwire, 1869.\\nLeslie Herald, weekly, Jas. H. Ford Co., 1869.\\nLexington Sanilac Jeffersonian, weekly, Nims Beach, 1853.\\nLowell Journal, weekly, Morris Smith, 1865.\\nLuddington Record, weekly, Geo. W. Clayton, 1867.\\nManchester Enterprise, weekly, M. D. Blosser, 1867.\\nManistee Times, weekly, S. W. Fowler, 1865.\\nManistee Tribune, weekly, John E. Rostall, 1864.\\nMarquette Mining Journal, weekly, A. P. Swineford, 1868.\\nMarquette Plain Dealer, weekly, J. C. Buchanan, 1867.\\nMarshall Expounder, weekly, Chastain Mann, 18;:!6.\\nMarshall Statesman, weekly. Burgess Lewis, 1859.\\nMason News, weekly, K. Kittredge, 1859.\\nMenominee Herald, weekly, A. R. Bradbury, 1863.\\nMidland City Cheek, weekly, VV. H. H. Bartram, 1869.\\nMonroe Commercial, weekly, D. II. Hamilton, 1840.\\nMonroe Monitor, weekly, E. G. Morton, 1862.\\nMount Clemens Press, weekly, John Trevidick, 1864.\\nMount Clemens Monitor, weekly, W. T. and 0. H. Lee, 1863.\\nMount Pleasant Enterprise, weekly, I. A. Fancher, 1864,\\nMuskegon Chronicle, weekly, Geo. C. Rice, 1869.\\nMuskegon Enterprise, weekly, I. Ransom Sanford, 1869.\\nMuskegon News and Reporter, weekly, F. Wcller, 1868.\\nNewaygo Republican, weekly, E. O. Shaw, 1856.\\nNilcs Democrat, weekly, A. J. Shakespear, 1839.\\nNiles Republican, weekly, L. A. Duncan, 1866.\\nNorth Lansing Enterprise, weekly, Willis F. Cornell, 1868.\\nNorthville Record, semi-monthly, Samuel II. Little, 1869.\\nOntonagon Miner, weekly, Thomas J. Lasier, 1855.\\nOtsego Record, weekly, II. E. J. Clute, 18G9.\\nOvid Register, weekly, J. W. Fitzgerald, 1866.\\nOwosso Press, weekly, J. H. Champion Co., 1862.\\nOwosso Crusader, monthly, A. B Wood, Jr., 1870.\\nParma Advertiser, monthly, James Hamuiell, 1869.\\nPaw-Paw Northerner, weekly, Thomas 0. Ward, 1856.\\nPaw-Paw Press, weekly, J. VV. Van Fossen, 1844.\\nPcntwater Times, weekly, Palmeter Dresser, 1861.\\nPontiac Gazette, weekly, Rann Turner, 1844.\\nPontiac Jacksonian, weekly, D. H. Solis, 1836.\\nPort Austin News, weekly, V. W. Richardson, 1861.\\nPort Huron Commercial, weekly, Talbot fe Son, 1849.\\nPort Huron Press, weekly, Boynion k Young, 1858.\\nPort Huron Times, weekly, J. II. Stone, 1869.\\nPortland Advertiser, weekly, Joseph W. Bailey, 1867.\\nQiincy Times, weekly. Times Company, 1868,\\nReading Review, weekly, li. W. Loukhart,\\nSaginaw Republican, weekly, F. A. Palmer, 1858.\\nSaginaw Saginawian, weekly, George F. Lewis, 1869.\\nSt. Clair Rei)ublican, weekly. Wands Ross, 1857.\\nSi. John s Independent, weekly, Corbet k Estes, 1866.\\nSt. John s Repul)lican, weekly, D. M. Phillips, 1854.\\nSt. Joseph Herald, weekly, H. W. Guerens y, 1866.\\nSt. Joseph Traveller, weekly, A. L. Aldrice, 1859.\\nSt. Louis Gazette, weekly, il. E. Church, 1869.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\n52]\\nSt. Louis Advocate, monthly, A. D. Rust, 1869.\\nLaramie Standard, weekly, pencer Wilson, 1870.\\nSaugatuck Commercial, weekly, George Sherwood Co., 1869.\\nSchoolcraft. News, weekly, V. C. Smith, 1869.\\nShepardsville Ailvance, weekly, Shepard Brass. 1869.\\nSou.li Haven Sentinel, weekly, William E. Stewart, 18G7.\\nSpring Luke Independent, weekly, John Lee, 18G9.\\nStanton, Montcalm Herald, weekly, E. R. Powell, 1867.\\nSturgis Journal, weekly, G. W. W ait, 1861.\\nTawas City Gazette, weekly, Charles S. Helbourn, 1868.\\nTecumseh Herald, weekly, C. M. Burlingame, 1849.\\nTecumseh Raisin Valley Record, weekly, Cliapin Page, 1866.\\nThree River s Reporter, weekly, W. H. Clute Co., 18C0.\\nTraverse City Herald, weekly, D. C. Leach, 1858.\\nVassar Pioneer, weekly, Alexander Trotter, 18. i7.\\nWenona Herald, weekly, James B. Teneyck, I8G9.\\nWhitehall Forum, weekly, Benjamin Frank, 18C9.\\nYpsilanli Commercial, weekly, C. R. Pattison, 1864,\\nTHE POST OFFICES OF MICHIGAN IN 1870.\\nOfficial and brought down to October 1, 1870; (hose markedwith a are Money-Order Offices.\\nAbscota, Calhoun\\nAcme, (Jrand Traverse\\nAda, Kent\\nAdamsville, Cass\\nAddison, Lenawee\\nAdrian* (e. h.) Lenawee\\n^tna, Newaygo\\nAkron, Tuscola\\nAlabaster, Iosco\\nAlamo, Kalamazoo\\nAlaska, Kent\\nAlbion,* Calhoun\\nAlcona, Alcona\\nAlgansee, Branch\\nAlgodon, Ionia\\nAigonac. St. Clair\\nAlice, Oceana\\nAllegan* (c. h.) Allegan\\nAllen, Hillsdale\\nAllendale, Ottawa\\nAliens, Eaton\\nAlma. Gratiot\\nAlmena, Van Buren\\nAlmira, Benzie\\nAlmont, Lepeer\\nAlpena* (c. h.) Alpena\\nAljiine, Kent\\nAlio, Kent\\nAlton, Kent\\nAlverson, Ingham\\nAmadore, Sanilac\\nAmber, Mason\\nAm boy, Hillsd-le\\nAin.\u00c2\u00abden, Montcalm\\nAnn Arbor* (c. h.) Washte-\\nnaw\\nAntrim City, Antrim\\nArcadia, Manistee\\nArenac, Bay\\nArgentine, Genesee\\nArland, Jackson\\nArlington. Van Buren\\nArmada, Macomb\\nAshland, Newaygo\\nAshley, Kent\\nAssyria, Barry\\nAthens, Calhoun\\nAthlone, Monroe\\nAtlas, Genesee\\nAtwood, Antrim\\nAu Gres, Bay\\nAugusta, Kalamazoo\\nAurelius, Ingliam\\nAu Sable, Iosco\\nAtisterlitz, Kent\\nAustin, Oakland\\nAverill s Station, Midland\\nAvery, Berrieu\\nBad River, Gratiot\\nBainbridge, Berrien\\nBaldwin s Mills, Jackson\\nBaltimore, Barry\\nBangor, Van Buren\\nBaraga, Houghton\\nBarnard, Charlevoix\\nBarryville, Barry\\nBarton, Newaygo\\nBase Lake, Washtenaw\\nBatavia, Branch\\nBates, Osceola\\nBath, Clinton\\nBattle Creek,* Calhoun\\nBay Cily* (c. h.) Bay\\nBear Lake, Manistee\\nBear Lake Mills, Van Buren\\nBear River, Emmet t\\nBeaver Creek, CJratiot\\nBedl ord, Calhoun\\n2 G\\nBelle River, St. Clair\\nBelleville, Wayne\\nBellevue,* Eaton\\nBelmont, Kent\\nBengal, Clinton\\nBennington, Shiawassee\\nBenona, Oceana\\nBenton, Washtenaw\\nBenton Harbor,* Berrien\\nBcnzonia, (c. h.) Benzie\\nBeilin, Ottawa\\nBerrien Centre, Berrien\\nBerrien Springs* (c. h.) Ber-\\nrien\\nBertrand, Berrien\\nBerville, St. Clair\\nBethel, Branch\\nBetsey Lake, Grand Traverse\\nBig Beaver, Oakland\\nBig Creek, Mecosta\\nBig Prairie, Newaygo\\nBig Rapids* (c. h.) Mecosta\\nBig Spring, Ottawa\\nBirch Run, Saginaw\\nBirmingham, Gakiand\\nBlackberry Ridge, Oceana\\nBlack Lake, Muskegon\\nBlair, Barr^-\\nBlendon, Ottawa\\nBlissfield, Lenawee\\nBloomer Centre, Montcalm\\nBloomingdale, Van Buren\\nBlue Lake, Muskegon\\nBlufl ton, Muskegon\\nBiumfield, Saginaw\\nBlumtield Junction, Saginaw\\nBostwiek Lake. Kent\\nBowen s .Mills, Barry\\nBowue, Kent", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "522\\nMISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nBoyne, Charlevoix\\nBradley, Allegan\\nBrady, Kalamazoo\\nBrandon, Oakland\\nBreedsville, Van Buren\\nBridffcport Centre, Saginaw\\nBridgeton, Newaygo\\nBridgeville. Gratiot\\nBrighton, Livingston\\nBrockway, St. Clair\\nBrock way, Centre, St. Clair\\nBronson s Prairie Branch\\nBrookfield, Eaton\\nBrooklyn,* Jackson\\nBrookside, Oceola\\nBrown s iMills, Muskegon\\nBrownstown, Wayne\\nBrownsville, Cass\\nBuchanan,* Berrien\\nBiiel, Sanilac\\nBuena Vista, Saginaw\\nBunker Hill, Ingham\\nBurch s, Kent\\nBurdickvi ile, Leelenaw\\nBurlington, Calhoun\\nBurnip s Corners Allegan\\nBurns, Shiawassee\\nBurnside, Lapeer\\nBurr Oak,* St. Joseph\\nBushneli Centre, Montcalm\\nButler, Branch\\nByron, Shiawassee\\nByron Centre, Kent\\nCady, Macomb\\nCaledonia, Kent\\nCaledonia Station, Kent\\nCalifornia, Branch\\nCalumet, Houghton\\nCalvin, Cass\\nCambria Mills, Hillsdale\\nCambridge, Lenawee\\nCamden, Hillsdale\\nCampbell, Ionia\\nCan, Huron\\nCanandaigua, Lenawee\\nCannonsburgh, Kent\\nCanton, Wayne\\nCapac, St. Clair\\nCarleton, Muskegon\\nCarlisle, Eaton\\nCaro,* (c. h.) Tuscola\\nCarrollton, Saginaw\\nCarson City, Montcalm\\nCascade, Kent\\nCasco, St. Clair\\nCaseville, Huron\\nCasnovia, Kent\\nCass, Hillsdale\\nCass Bridge, Saginaw\\nCass City, Tuscola\\nCossopolis* (c. h.) Cass\\nCalo, Montcalm\\nCL dar Creek, Barry\\nCedar Dale, Sanilac\\nCedar Fork, Menomonee\\nCedar Run, Grand Traverse\\nCedar Springs, Kent\\nCentral Lake, Antrim\\nCentre, Eaton\\nCentreville, {c. h.) St. Joseph\\nCeresco, Calhoun\\nCharlevoix. {c. h.) Charlevoix\\nCharlotte* {c. h.) Eaton\\nCheboygan, {c. A.) Cheboygan\\nChelsea, Washtenaw\\nCheasaning, Saginaw\\nCheshire, Allegan\\nChester, Eaton\\nChickaming, Berrien\\nChina, St. Clair\\nChippewa Lake, Mecosta\\nChurch s Corners, Hillsdale\\nClarence, Calhoun\\nClarendon Centre, Calhoun\\nClarksburgh, Marquette\\nClarkston. Oakland\\nClay Bank, Oceana\\nClay Hill, Wexford\\nClayton, Lenawee\\nClear Water, Antrim\\nClifford, Lapeer\\nClimax Prairie, Kalamazoo\\nClinton, Lenawee\\nClio, Genesee\\nClyde Mills, St. Clair\\nCob Moo Sa, Oceana\\nCody s Mills, Kent\\nCohoctah, Livingston\\nCold Water* (c. h.) Branch\\nColfax, Mason\\nColoma, Berrien\\nColon, St. Joseph\\nColumbia, Jackson\\nColumbiaville, Lapeer\\nColumbus, St. Clair\\nCommerce, Oakland\\nComstock, Kalamazoo\\nConcord, Jackson\\nConner s Creek, Wayne\\nConstantine, St. Joseph\\nConvis Centre, Calhoun\\nCook s Station, Newaygo\\nCooper, Kalamazoo\\nCoopersville, Ottawa\\nCo^)per Falls Mine, Kewee-\\nnaw\\nCopper Harbor, Keweenaw\\nCoral, Montcalm\\nCortland Centre, Kent\\nCoTunna* (c h.) Shiawassee\\nCounty Line, Eaton\\nCovert, Van Buren\\nCracow, Huron\\nCrapo. Osceola\\nCrawford, Isabella\\nCreswell, Antrim\\nCroton,* Newaygo\\nCrystal, Montcalm\\nDallas, Clinton\\nDalton s Corners, Wavne\\nDanby, Tonia\\nDansville, Ingham\\nDavisburgh, Oakland\\nDavison, Genesee\\nDavisville, Sanilac\\nDayton, Berrien\\nDearbornville, Wayne\\nDecatur, Van Burcn\\nDeckerville, Sanilac\\nDeer Creek, Livingston\\nDeerfield, Lenawee\\nDelroy, Wayne\\nDelta, Katon\\nDenmark, Tuscola\\nDennison, Ottawa\\nDenton, Wayne\\nDenver, Newaygo\\nDetour, Chippewa\\nDetroit* (c h.) Wayne\\nDe Witt, Clinton\\nDexter, Washtenaw\\nDisco, Macomb\\nDorr, Allegan\\nDouglas, Allegan\\nDowagiac,* Cass\\nDrayton Plains, Oakland\\nDryden, Lapeer\\nDundee, Monroe\\nDunningville, Allegan\\nDu Plain, Clinton\\nEagle, Clinton\\nEagle Harbor, Keweenaw\\nEagle River, [c h.) Keweenaw\\nEast Dayton, Tuscola\\nEast Gilead, Branch\\nEast Leroy, Calhoun\\nEastmansville, Ottawa\\nEast Milan, Monroe\\nEiiston, Ionia\\nEast Saginaw,* Saginaw\\nEast Tawas, Iosco\\nEast Traverse Bay, Gr. Trav-\\nerse\\nEaton Rapids, Eaton\\nEau Claire, Berrien\\nEcorse, Wayne\\nEden, Ingham\\nEdcnville, Midland\\nEdgerton, Kent\\nEdinburgh, Hillsdale\\nEdwardsburgh, CuSS\\nElgin, Genesee\\nElk, Saginaw\\nElklake, Lapeer\\nElkland, Tuscola\\nEt/c Rapids, (c. h.) Antrim\\nEllington, Tuscola\\nElm, Wayne\\nElm Hall, Gratiot\\nElmira, Eaton\\nElsie, Clinton\\nEmmett, St. Clair\\nEmi)ire, Leelenaw\\nEnglishville, Kent\\nEusley, Newaygo", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\n523\\nErie. Monroe\\nEaconawba* (c. h.) Delta\\nEssex, Clinton\\nEureka ClinlOQ\\nEvart, Osceola\\nExeter, Monroe\\nFdirfi?ld, Lenawee\\nFair Grove, Tuscola\\nFair Haven, St. Clair\\nFairview, Mason\\nFallasburgh, Kent\\nFarmers, Sanilac\\nFarmer s Creek, Lapeer\\nFarniinfjton, Oakland\\nFawn River, Kt. Joseph\\nFayette, Delta\\nFelt s lugliam\\nFenn s Mill s, Allegan\\nFentonville,* Genesee\\nFerris, Monicalra\\nFerrysburgli, Ottawa\\nFiler City, Manistee\\nFillmore, Barry\\nFitcliburgli, Ingham\\nFive Lakes, Lapeer\\nFleming, Livingston\\nFlint* (c. h.) Genesee\\nFlorence, St. Joseph\\nFlower Creek, Oceana\\nFlowerfield, St. Joseph\\nFlushing, Genesee\\nForest City, Muskegon\\nForest Hill, Gratiot\\nForestville, Sanilac\\nFork, Mecosta\\nForrester, Sanilac\\nFort Gratiot, St. Clair\\nFour Towns, Oakland\\nFowlerville, Livingston\\nFranciscoviUe, Jackson\\nFrankenlust, Saginaw\\nFrankenmuth, Saginaw\\nFrankfort, Benzie\\nFranklin. Oakland\\nFraser, .Macomb\\nFredoiiia, Washtenaw\\nFremont, Shiawassee\\nFremont Centre, Newaygo\\nFrontier, Hillsdale\\nFruitport, .Muskegon\\nFulton, Kalamazoo\\nGagetown, Tuscola\\nGaines Station, Genesee\\nGainesville, Kent\\nGale ^biirgh,* Kalamazoo\\nGalien, Berrien\\nGanges, Allegan\\nGarden, Delta\\nGeary, Clinton\\nGenesee Village, Genesee\\nGeneva, Lenawee\\nGenoa, Livingston\\nGeorg- towii, Ottawa\\nGibr.ilta, Wayne\\nGilead, Branch\\nGilford, Tuscola\\nGirard, Branch\\nGlass River, Shiawassee\\nGlen Arbor, Leelenaw\\nGlendale, Van Buren\\nGlen Haven, Leieenaw\\nGolding, Oceana\\nGood Harbor, Leelenaw\\nGoodland, Lapeer\\nGoodrich, Genesee\\nGraafschap, Allegan\\nGratton, Monroe\\nGrand Blanc, Genesee\\nGrand Haven* (c. k.) Ottawa\\nGrand l-.edge, Eaton\\nGrand Rapids* (c. A.) Kent\\nGrandville, Kent\\nGrant, Kent\\nGrass Lake,* Jackson\\nG rat tan, Kent\\nGravel Run, Washtenaw\\nGreenbush, Alcona\\nGreenfield, Wayne\\nGreenland, Ontonagon\\nGreen Oak, Livingston\\nGreenville,* Montcalm\\nGreenwood Furnace, Mar-\\nquette\\nGroveland, Oakland\\nGull Lake, Barry\\nGun Marsh, Allegan\\nHadley, Lapeer\\nHamburgh, Livingston\\nHamilton, Allegan\\nHamlin, .Monroe\\nHammond, Kent\\nHancock, Houghton\\nHanley. Ottawa\\nHanover, Jackson\\nHansen, Oceana\\nHarris Creek, Kent\\nJIarrisville, (c. h.) Alcona\\nHart* (c h.) Oceana\\nHanford, Van Buren\\nHartland. Livingston\\nHartwellville, kShiawassce\\nHarvey, Marquette\\nHarwood, Muskegon\\nHasler, Lapeer\\nHastings* [c. h.) Barry\\nHazelton, Shiawassee\\nHazelgreen, Shiawassee\\nHemlock City, Saginaw\\nHenrietta, Jackson\\nIhrsey, (c. h.) Osceola\\nlles|)eria, Oceana\\nHickory Corners, Barry\\nH gliland, Oakland\\nHilliard s, Allegan\\nmihdale* [c. h) Hillsdale\\nHolland,* Ottawa\\nHolly,* Oakland\\nIIi)lt, JULrliam\\nHome. Newaygo\\nHomer, Calhoun\\nHomestead, B -nzie\\nHooker, Van Buren\\nHopkins Allegan\\nHopkins Station, Allegan\\nHoughton* (c. h.) Houghton\\nHoward, Muskegon\\nHoward City, Montcalm\\nHowardsville, St. Joseph\\nJJowell, (c. h.) Livingston\\nHubbardstou, Ionia\\nHudson,* Lenawee\\nHughesville, Saginaw\\nHumboldt, Marquette\\nHunter s Creek, Lapeer\\nHuron City, Huron\\nHuron Station, Wayne\\nIda, Monroe\\nImlay, Lapeer\\nIndian Creek, Kent\\nIndian Town, Mason\\nInkster, Wayne\\nInland, Benzie\\nIonia* (c. h.) Ionia\\nIrving, Barry\\nIsabella City, Isabella\\nIshpeming, .Marquette\\nIthuca* (c. h.) Gratiot\\nJackson (r. h.) Jackson\\nJamestown, Ottawa\\nJay, Saginaw\\nJeddo, St. Clair\\nJetferson, Hillsdale\\nJefl ersonville, Cas3\\nJersey, Oakland\\nJohnston, Barry\\nJonesville,* Hillsdale\\nJosco, Livingston\\nJoyficld, Benzie\\nKalamazoo* (c. h.) Kala-\\nmazoo\\nKalamo, Eaton\\nKawkawlin, Bay\\nKeelcrsville, Van Buren\\nKeene, Ionia\\nKelloggsville, Kent\\nKelly s Corners, Lenawee\\nKendall, Van Buren\\nKenockee, St. Clair\\nKensington, Oakland\\nKiddville, Ionia\\nKinderhook, Branch\\nKipp s Corners, Genesee\\nLa Fayette, Gratiot\\nLa Grange, Cass\\nLainsburgh, Shiawassee\\nLake Linden, Houghton\\nLake Mill, Van Buren\\nLake I ort, St. Clair\\nLake Riiige, Lenawee\\nLaketon, Berrien\\nLakeview, .Montcalm\\nLakeville, Oakland\\nLambertville, .Monroe\\nLamont, Ottawa\\nLamotte, Sanilac", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "524\\nMISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nL Ance, Houghton\\nLangston, Montcalm\\nLansing,* Ingham\\nLapeer (c h) Lapeer\\nLa Saile. Monroe\\nLawrence,* Van Buren\\nLawton,* Van Burea\\nLehind, Leelenaw\\nLeoni, Jackson\\nLeonulas. St. Joseph\\nLeslie, Ingham\\nLexington (c. h.) Sanilac\\nLiberty, Jackson\\nLima, Washtenaw\\nLincoln, (c h.) Mason\\nLinden, Genesee\\nLisbon, Ottawa\\nLitchfi. |(i,* Hillsdale\\nLittle Prairie Ronde, Cass\\nLittle Traverse, (c. h.) Emmett\\nLocke, Ingham\\nLondon, Monroe\\nLowell, Kent\\nLudington,* Mason\\nLjnn, St. Clair\\nLyons,* Ionia\\nLyon s Mill, Clinton\\nMackinaw,* (c. h Mackinac\\nMacomb, Macomb\\nMacon, Lenawee\\nMadison, Livingston\\nMal)o|)ac, Oakland\\nManchester, Washtenaw\\nManistee,* (c. h.) Manistee\\nManiius, Allegan\\nMai)k Ionia\\nMaiile Grove, Barry\\nMaple Mill, Montcalm\\nMapile Rapids, Clinton\\nMapleton, Grand Traverse\\nMarathon, Lapeer\\nMarcellus, Cass\\nMai-engo. Calhoun\\nMurine City,* St. Clair\\nMarion, Livingston\\nMarlette, Sanilac\\n3Iarqwite,* {c A.) Marquette\\nMarshall,* (c. h.) Calhoun\\nMarshville, Oceana\\nMartin, Allegan\\nMartinsville, Wayne\\nMarysvillc, St. Clair\\nMason,* (c. h.) Ingraham\\nMatherton, Ionia\\nMattawan, Van Buren\\nMattison, Branch\\nMay, Tuscola\\nMayfield, Grand Traverse\\nMeade, Macomb\\nMead s Mills, Wayne\\nMeadville, Barry\\nMecosta, Mecosta\\nMedina, Lenawee\\nMelville, Leelenaw\\nMemphis,* Macomb\\nMendon, St. Joseph\\nMenomonee,* (c. h.) Menomo-\\nnee\\nMerrillsville, St. Clair\\nMetamora, Lapeer\\nMichara, Leelenaw\\nMichigan Centre, Jackson\\nMiddletown, Ingham\\nMiddleville,* Harry\\nMidland,* {c. A.) Midland\\nMilan, Washtenaw\\nMile Creek, Muskegon\\nMilford,* Oakland\\nMillbrook, Mecosta\\nMillburgh, Berrien\\nMill Cre. k, Kent\\nMillington, Tuscola\\nMilo, Barry\\nMilton, Macomb\\nMinden, Sanilac\\nMitchell, Antrim\\nModel City, Cass\\niloline, Allegan\\nMonroe,* (c. h Monroe\\nMonroe Centre, Gr. Traverse\\nMontague,* Muskegon\\nMonterey, Allegan\\nMontrose, Genesee\\nMoreuci, Lenawee\\nMorgan, Marquette\\nMorganville, Hillsdale\\nMorley, Mecosta\\nMoscow, Hillsdale\\nMosherville, Hillsdale\\nMoltviile, St. Joseph\\nMount Clemens,* (c. h.) Ma-\\ncomb\\nMount Morris Station, Gen-\\nesee\\nMount Pleasant,* (c. h.) Isa-\\nbella\\nMount Vernon, Macomb\\nMud Creek, Eaton\\nMuir, Ionia\\nMundy, Genesee\\nMungerville, Shiawassee\\nMunising, Schoolcraft\\nMuskegon* (c. A.) Muskegon\\nNahnia, Delta\\nNankin, Wayne\\nNapoleon, Jackson\\nNashville,* Barry\\nNegaunee, Marquette\\nNelson, Kent\\nNelsonville, Charlevoix\\nNewark, Gratiot\\nNewaggn,* (c. A.) Newaygo\\nNew Baltimore, Macomb\\nNew Boston, Wayne\\nNew Buffalo,* Berrien\\nNewburgh, Cass\\nNewbury, Tuscola\\nNew Casco, Allegan\\nNew Haven, Macomb\\nNew Uavcu Centre, Gratiot\\nNew Home, Montcalm\\nNew Hudson, Oakland\\nNewport, Monroe\\nNew River, Huron\\nNew Salem, Allegan\\nNewton, Calhoun\\nNew Troy, Berrien\\nNiles,* Berrien\\nNoble Centre, Branch\\nNorth Adams, Hillsdale\\nNorth Aurelius, Ingham\\nNorth Branch, Lapeer\\nNorth Byron, Kent\\nNorth Eagle, Clinton\\nNorth Farmingtou, Oakland\\nNorth Irving, Barry\\nNorth Newberg, Shiawassee\\nNorth Plains, Ionia\\nNurthport,* [c. h eelenaw\\nNorth Raisinville, Monroe\\nNorth Star, Gratiot\\nNorth Unity, Leelenaw\\nNorth Vernon, Shiawassee\\nNorthville, Wayne\\nNorvcll, Jackson\\nNorwalk, Manistee\\nNorwood, Cbarlevoix\\nNovi, Oakland\\nNunico, Ottawa\\nOak, Wayne\\nOakfield, Kent\\nOak Grove, Livingston\\nOak Hill, Oakland\\nOakland, Oakland\\nOakley, Saginaw\\nOakville, Monroe\\nOakwood, Oakland\\nOgden Centre, Lenawee\\nOceola Centre, Livingston\\nOgemaw, Iosco\\nOhio Mill, Ottawa\\nOkemos, Ingham\\nOld Mission, Grand Traverse\\nOlive, Clinton\\nOlivet,* Eaton\\nOmena, Leelenaw\\nOnondaga, Ingham\\nOnota, Schoolcraft\\nOntonagon (c. A.) Ontonagon\\nOporto, St. Joseph\\nOra Labor, Huron\\nOrange, Ionia\\nOran^eville, Branch\\nOrangeville Mills, Barry\\nOrion, Oakland\\nOrleans, Ionia\\nOrtonville, Oakland\\nOsbtemo, Kalamazoo\\nOsseo, Hillsdale\\nOssineke, Alpena\\nOtisco, Ionia\\nOtisville, Genesee\\nOtsego, Allegan\\nOttawa Lake, Monroe\\nOtter Creek, Jackson", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\n525\\nOverisel, Allegan\\nOvid,* Ciiuton\\nOwosso,* Shiawassee\\nOxlord, Oakland\\nPack s Mills, Sanilac\\nPaint Creek, Washtenaw\\nPalmyra, Lenawee\\nPalo, Ionia\\nPa-Pa-Me, Oceana\\nParis, Mecosta\\nPark, St. Josei)h\\nParkville, t. Joseph\\nParma,* Jackson\\nParshallviljc. Livingston\\nPartello, Calhonn\\nPatterson s Mills, Ionia\\nPavilion, Kalamazoo\\nPaw Paw (c. h.) Van Buren\\nPeck, Sanilac\\nPenn Mine, Keweenaw\\nPent Water, Oceana\\nPerrinsville. W ayne\\nPerry, Shiawassee\\nPetersbinph, Monroe\\nPetlysville, Livinjrston\\nPewaino, Ionia\\nPhoenix, Keweenaw\\nPierson, Montcalm\\nPinckney, Livingston\\nPine Creek, Calhonn\\nPine Grove, Tuscola\\nPine Grov Mills, Van Buren\\nPine Hill, Sanilac\\nPine River, Lake\\nPine Run, Genesee\\nPinnebog. Huron\\nPipestone, Berrien\\nPittsburg, Shiawassee\\nPittsforJ. Hillsdale\\nPlainfiei l, Livingston\\nPlainwcll, Allegan\\nPlank Road, Wayne\\nPlatte, Benzie\\nPleasant, Kent\\nPleasanton, Manistee\\nPleasant Valley, Berrien\\nPlymouth, Wayne\\nPokngon, Cass\\nPonipei, Gratiot\\nPonama, Newaygo\\nPontiuc* (c. h.) Oakland\\nPool, Lapeer\\nPortage, Kalamazoo\\nPort Anslin, (c. h.) Huron\\nPort Cresent. Huron\\nPorter, Midland\\nPort Hope, Huron\\nPort Huron,* St. Clair\\nPortland, Ionia\\nPort Sanilac, Sanilac\\nPort Sheldon, Ottawa\\nPortsmouth, Bay\\nPotlamie, Ottawa\\nPottersville, Eaton\\nPrairieviUe, Barry\\nProspect Lake, Van Buren\\nPulaski, Jackson\\nQuincy,* Branch\\nQuinn, Macomb\\nRaisin Centre, Lenawee\\nRandall, Saginaw\\nRansom, Hillsdale\\nRavenna, Muskegon\\nRawsonville, Wayne\\nRay Centre, Macomb\\nRaynold, Montcalm\\nReading, Hillsdale\\nRed Bridge, Ingham\\nRedford, Wayne\\nReed, Ocei#ia\\nRichfield, G nesee\\nRichland, Kalamazoo\\nRichmond, Macomb\\nRichmondville. Sanilac\\nRicliville, Tuscola\\nRidgeway, Lenawee\\nRienza, Mecosta\\nRiga, Lenawee\\nRiley, Clititoa\\nRiley Centre, St. Clair\\nRiver Raisin, Washtenaw\\nRiverton, Mason\\nRives Junction, Jackson\\nRoberts Landing, St. Clair\\nRobinson, Ottawa\\nRochester, Oakland\\nRock Falls, Huron\\nRockford,* Kent\\nBockland, Ontonagon\\nRollin, Lenawee\\nRoUo, Iosco\\nRome, Lenawee\\nRomeo,* .Macomb\\nRomulus, Wayne\\nRootville, Antrim\\nRose, Oakland\\nRoseville, Macomb\\nRound Lake, Branch\\nRowland, Isabella\\nRoxana, Eaton\\nRoyal Oak, Oakland\\nRuby, St. Clair\\nRural Vale, Lapeer\\nSaginaw (c. A Saginaw\\nSaint Charles, Saginaw\\nSaint Clair* (c. A.) St Clair\\nSaint James (c. /i.) Manitou\\nSaint John s (c. h.) Clinton\\nSaint Joseph,* Herriea\\nSaint Louis, Gratiot\\nSalem, Washtenaw\\nSaline, Washtenaw\\nSalt River, Isabella\\nSalzburgh, Bay\\nSand Beach, HuroQ\\nSand Lake, Kent\\nSandstone, Jackson\\nSaranac, Ionia\\nSattprlee s .Mills, Mecosta\\nSaugatuck,* Allegan\\nSaute de S(e. Marie, (c. h.)\\nChippewa\\nSawyer, Berrien\\nSchoolcraft, Kalamazoo\\nScio, Washtenaw\\nSebewa, Ionia\\nSebewaing, Huron\\nSecillia, Calhoun\\nSeneca, Lenawee\\nShave Head, Cass\\nShelby, Oceana\\nShepardsville, Clinton\\nSheridan, Montcalm\\nS/ er7nan, (c. h.) Wexford\\nSherwood, Branch\\nSidney, Montcalm\\nSilver Creek, Allegan\\nSitka, Newaygo\\nSix Corners, Ottawa\\nSkinner, Bay\\nSlocum s Grove, MuskegOQ\\nSmith s Corners, Oceana\\nSmith s Creek, St. Clair\\nSmithville, Wayne\\nSmyrna. Ionia\\nSodus, Berrien\\nSolon, Leelenaw\\nSomerset, Hillsdale\\nSouth Boston, Ionia\\nSouth Butler, Branch\\nSouth Camden, Hillsdale\\nSouth Cass, Ionia\\nSouth Climax, Kalamazoo\\nSouthfield, Oakland\\nSouth Georgetown, Ottawa\\nSouth Haven, Van Buren\\nSouth Jackson, Jackson\\nSouth Lyon, Oakland\\nSouth Riley, Clinton\\nSouth Saginaw, Saginaw\\nSouth WrighL Hillsdale\\nSparta Centre. Kent\\nSpencer Creek, Antrim\\nSi)encer s .Mill, Kent\\nSpring Arbor, Jackson\\nSi riiig Brook, Gratiot\\nSpring Creek, Oceana\\nSi)ringGelii, Oakland\\nSpring Lake, Ottawa\\nSpring Mills, Oakland\\nSpriug|)ort, Jackson\\nSpringville, Lenawee\\nStanton, (c. h.) Montcalm\\nStebbinsville. Oceana\\nStella, Gratiot\\nStockbridge, Ingham\\nStony Creek, Washtenaw\\nStony Run, Oakland\\nStrait s, Lake, Oakland\\nStrickland, Isabella\\nStronach, Manistee\\nSturgis,* St. Joseph\\nSumraerton, Gratiot\\nSummerville, Cass\\nSummit, Washtenaw", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nSumner, Gratiot\\nSun field, Eaton\\nSutton s Bay, Leelenaw\\nSwan Creek, Saginaw\\nSwartz Creek, Genesee\\nSylvan, Washtenaw\\nTallmadge, Ottawa\\nTamarack, Montcalm\\nTairas Ci i/,* (c h.) Iosco\\nTaylor Centre, Wayne\\nTaymouth, Saginaw\\nTecumseh,* Lenawee\\nTekonslia, Calhoun\\nThetford Centre, Genesee\\nThomas. Oceana\\nThornton, t^t. Clair\\nThornville. Lapeer\\nThree Oaks,* Berrien\\nThree Rivers,* St. Joseph\\nTipton, Lenawee\\nTompkins, Jackson\\nTorch Lake, Antrim\\nTraverse City* (c. h.) Grand\\nTraverse\\nTrent, Muskegon\\nTrenton, Wayne\\nTrostville, Saginaw\\nTroy, Oakland\\nTurnersport, Manistee\\nTj-re, Sanilac\\nTyrone, Livingston\\nfnadilla, Livingston\\nUnion, Cass\\nUnion ity. Branch\\nUnion Pier, Berrien\\nUnionville, Tuscola\\nUtica,* Macomb\\nVandalia, Cass\\nVassar* (c. h.) Tuscola\\nVentura, Ottawa\\nVergennes, Kent\\nVermontville, Eaton\\nVernon, Shiawassee\\nVerona Mills, Fliiron\\nVickeryville, Montcalm\\nVictor, Clinton\\nVictory, Mason\\nVincent, St. Clair\\nVolinia, Cass\\nVriesland, Ottawa\\nWacousta, Clinton\\nWahjamega, Tuscola\\nWakeshma, Kalamazoo\\nWaldenburgh, Macomb\\nWales, St. Clair\\nWallaceville, Wayne\\nWalled Lake, Oakland\\nWarren, Macomb\\nWashington, Macomb\\nWaterf ord, Oakland\\nWaterloo, Jackson\\nWatertown, Tuscola\\nWatervliet, Berrien\\nWatrousville, Tuscola\\nWatson, Allegan\\nWaverly, Van Buren\\nWayland,* Allegan\\nWayne, Wayne\\nWcare, Oceana\\nWebberville, Ingham\\nWebster, Washtenaw\\nWeesaw, Berrien\\nWellsville, Lenawee\\nWenona, Bay\\nWest Campbell, Ionia\\nWest Casco, Allegan\\nWest Geneva, Van Buren\\nWest Haven. Shiawassee\\nWest Leroy, Calhoun\\nWest Milan, Monroe\\nWest Novi, Oakland\\nWest Ogden, Lenawee\\nWeston, Lenawee\\nWestphalia, Clinton\\nWest Windsor, Eaton\\nWe.xford, We.xford\\nWheatland Centre, Hillsdale\\nWheeler, Gratiot\\nWhiteford Centre, Monroe\\nWhitehall, Mnsketon\\nWhite Lake, Oakland\\nWhite Oak, Ingham\\nWhite Pigeon, St. Joseph\\nWhite Rock, Muskegon\\nWhitesburgh, Genesee\\nWhitmore Lake, Washtenaw\\nWilliams, Bay\\nWilliamsburgh, Grand Tra-\\nverse\\nWilliarastown, Ingham\\nWilliamsville, Cass\\nW^indsor, Eaton\\nWinfield, Ingham\\nWinn, Isabella\\nWiota, Isabella\\nWood Lake, Montcalm\\nWoodland, Barry\\nWood s Corners, Ionia\\nWoodstock, Lenawee\\nW^orth, Tuscula\\nWyandotte, Wayne\\nYankee Spring, Barry\\nYew, Wayne\\nYork, Washtenaw\\nYorkville, Kalamazoo\\nYpsilanti,* Washtenaw\\nYuba, Grand Traverse\\nZeeland, Ottawa\\nZilwaukee, Saginaw\\nCONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN.\\nARTICLE I.\\nBODNDARIES.\\nThe State of Michigan consists of, and has jurisdiction over, the territory\\nembraced within the following boundaries, to wit Commencing at a point\\non the eastern boundary Ihie of the State of Indiana, where a direct line\\ndrawn from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the most northerly\\ncape of the Maumee Bay shall intersect the same said point being the\\nnorth-west corner of the State of Ohio, as established by act of Congress,\\nentitled An act to establish the northern boundary line of the State of\\nOhio, and to provide for the admission of the State of Michigan into the\\nUnion upon the conditions therein expressed, approved June fifteenth,\\none thousand eight hundred and thirty-six thence with the saitl boundary\\nline of the State of Ohio till it intersects the boundary line between the\\nUnited States and Canada in Lake Erie; thence with said boundary line be-\\ntween the United States and Canada through the Detroit river, Lake Huron", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0540.jp2"}, "541": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 527\\nand Lake Superior to a point where the said line last touches Lake Superior;\\nthence in a direct line throusrli Lake Superior to the mouth of the ^lontreal\\nriver; thcMice tlirougli the middle of the main channel of the said river ^Mon-\\ntreal to the head waters thereof thence in a direct line to the center of the\\nchannel between Middle and South Islands, in the Lake of the Desert\\nthence in a direct line to the southern shore of Lake Brule thence along\\nsaid southern shore, and down the river Brule to the main channel of the\\nMenomonee river; thence down the center of the main channel of the same\\nto the center of the most usual ship channel of the Green Bay of Lake INIich-\\nigan; thence through the center of the most usual ship channel of the said bay-\\nto the middle of Lake INIichigan thence through the middle of Lake INIich-\\nigan to the northern boundary of the State of Indiana, as that line was\\nestablished by the act of Congress of the nineteenth of April, eighteen hun-\\ndred and sixteen; thence due east with the northern boundary line of the\\nsaid State of Indiana to the north-east corner thereof; and thence south\\nwith the eastern boundary line of Indiana to the place of beginning.\\nARTICLE II.\\nSKAT OF OOVEKNMENT.\\nSecfion 1. The seat of government shall be at Lansing, where it is now\\nestablished.\\nARTICLE ni.\\nDIVISION OF THE POWERS OF GOVERNMENT.\\nSection 1. The powers of government are divided into three departments:\\nthe legislative, executive, and judicial.\\nSec. 2. No person belonging to one department shall exercise the powers\\nproperly belonging to another, except in the cases expressly provided in\\nthis constitution.\\nARTICLE IV.\\nLEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.\\nSection 1. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Rep-\\nresentatives.\\nSec. 2. The Senate shall consist of thirty-two members. Senators shall\\nbe elected for two years, and by single districts. Such districts shall be\\nnumbered from one to thirty-two inclusive each of which shall choose one\\nsenator. No county shall be divided in the formation of senate districts,\\nexcept such county shall be equitably entitled to two or more senators.\\nSec. 3. The House of Representatives sliall consist of not less than sixty-\\nfour, nor more than one hundred members. Representatives shall be chosen\\nfor two years, and by single districts. Each representative district shall\\ncontain, as nearly as may be, an equal number of white inhabitants, and\\ncivilized persons of Indian descent, not members of any tribe, and sliall\\nconsist of convenient and contiguous territory. But no townshij) or city\\nshall be divided in the formation of a representative district. When any\\ntownship or city shall contain a population which entitles it to more tlian\\none representative, then such township or city shall elect, by general ticket,\\nthe number of representatives to which it is entitLed. Each countv horeaf\\nter organized, with such territory as may be attaclied thereto, shall be enti-\\ntled to a separate representative wlien it has attained a popuhation equal to\\na moiety of the ratio of representation. In every county entitled to more\\nthan one representative, the board of supervisors shall assemble at such\\ntime and place as the legislature shall prescribe, and divide the same into\\nrepresentative districts, equal to the number of representatives to which", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0541.jp2"}, "542": {"fulltext": "528 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nsuch county is entitled by law, and shall cause to be filed iu the offices of\\nthe secretary of state and clerk of such county, a description of such repre-\\nsentative districts, specifying the number of each district, and the popula-\\ntion thereof, according to the last preceding enumeration.\\nSec. 4. The legislature shall provide by law for an enumeration of the\\ninhabitants in the year eighteen hundi cd and fifty-four, and every ten years\\nthereafter, and at the first session after each enumeration so made, and also\\nat the first session after each enumeration by the authority of the United\\nStates, the legislature shall re-arrange the senate districts, and apportion\\nanew the representatives among the counties and districts, according to the\\nnumber of white inhabitants, and civilized persons of Indian descent, not\\nmembers of any tribe. Each apportionment and the division into re])resen-\\ntative districts, by any board of supervisors, shall remain unaltered until\\nthe return of another enumeration.\\nSec. 5. Senators and representatives shall be citizens of the United States,\\nand qualified electors in the respective counties and districts which they\\nrepresent. A removal from their respective counties or districts shall be\\ndeemed a vacation of their office.\\nSec. 6. No person holding any office under the United States [or this\\nState,] or any county office, except notaries public, officers of the militia,\\nand officers elected by townships, shall be eligible to or have a seat in either\\nhouse of the legislature; and all votes given for any such pei sou shall be\\nvoid.\\nSec. 7. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases, except treason,\\nfelony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest. They shall not\\nbe subject to any civil process during the session of the legislature, or for\\nfifteen days next before the commencement and after the termination of each\\nsession. They shall not be questioned in any other place for any speech in\\neither house.\\nSec. 8. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to d-o business;\\nbut a snuiller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attend-\\nance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each\\nhouse may prescribe.\\nSec. 9. Each house shall choose its own officers, determine the rules of\\nits proceedings, and judge of the qualifications, elections, and returns of its\\nmendiers; and may, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members\\nelected, expel a member. No member sliall be expelled a second time for\\nthe same cause, nor for any cause known to his constituents antecedent to\\nhis election. The reason for such expulsion shall be entered upon the jour-\\nnal, with the names of the members voting on the question.\\nSec. 10. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and pub-\\nlish the same, except such parts as may require secrecy. The yeas and\\nnays of tlie members of either house, on any question, shall be entered on\\nthe journal at the request of one-fifth of the members elected. Any mem-\\nber of either house may dissent from and protest against any act, proceed-\\ning, or resolution which he may deem injurious to any person or the public,\\nand have the reason of his dissent entered on the journal.\\nSec. 11. In all elections by either house, or in joint convention, the votes\\nshall be given t /ca wee. All votes on nominations to the senate shall be\\ntaken by yeas and nays, and published with the journal of its proceedings.\\nSec. 12. The doors of each house shall be open, unless the public welfare\\nrequire secrecy. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other,\\nadjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than where the\\nlegislature may then be in session.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0542.jp2"}, "543": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 529\\nSec. 13. Bills may originate in either house of the legislature.\\nSec. 14. Every bill and concurrent resolution, except of adjournment,\\npassed by the legislature, shall be presented to the governor before it be-\\ncomes a law. If he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return\\nit, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which shall enter\\nthe objections at large upon their journal, and reconsider it. On such re-\\nconsideration, if two-thirds of the nicn)l)ers elected agree to pass the bill,\\nit shall be sent, with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall be\\nreconsidered. If approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that\\nhouse, it shall become a law. In such case, the vote of both houses shall\\nbe determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for\\nand against the bill shall be entered on the journals of each house respect-\\nively. If any bill be not returned by the governor within ten days, Sun-\\ndays excepted, after it has been presented to him, the same shall become a\\nlaw, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, by their\\nadjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not become a law.\\nThe governor may approve, sign, and file in the office of the secretary of\\nState, within five days after the adjournment of the legislature, any act\\npassed during the last five days of the session and the same shall become\\na law.\\nSee. 15. The compensation for the members of the legislature shall be\\nthree dollars a day Ibr actual attendance, jiind when absent on account of\\nsickness, f\u00c2\u00bbr the first sixty days of the session of the year one thousand\\neight hundred and fifty-one, and for the first f rty days of every subsequent\\nsession, and nothing thereafter. When convened in extra session, their\\ncompensation shall be three dollars a day for the first twenty days, and\\nnothing thereafter and they shall legislate on no other subjects than those\\nexpressly stated in the governor s proclamation, or submitted to them by\\nspecial message. They shall be entitled to ten cents, and no more, for every\\nmile actually travelled, going to and returning from the place of meeting,\\non the usually travelled route and for stationery and newspapers, not ex-\\nceeding five dollars for each member during any session. Each member\\nshall be entitled to one copy of the laws, journals, and documents of the\\nlegislature of which he was a member, but shall not receive, at the expense\\nof the State, books, newspapers, or other perquisites of office not expressly\\nauthorized by this constitution.\\nSec. U). The legislature may provide by law for the payment of postage\\non all mailable matter received by its members and (jfficers during the ses-\\nsions of the legislature, but not on any sent or mailed by them.\\nSec. 17. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of\\nRepresentatives shall be entitled to the same per diem compensation and\\nmileage as members of the legislature, and no more.\\nSec. 18. No person elected a member of the legislature shall receive any\\ncivil appointment within this State, or to the Senate of the United States,\\nfrom the governor, the governor and senate, from the legislature, or any\\nother State authority, during the term for which he is elected. All such\\nap]ioiutments, and all votes given for any persim so elected for any such\\noffice or appointment, shall be void. Ko mend)er of the legislature shall be\\ninterested, directly or indirectly, in any contract with the State, or any\\ncounty thereof, authorized by any law passed during the time for which he\\nis elected, nor for one year thereafter.\\nSec. 19. Every bill and joint resolution shall be read three times in each\\nhouse before the final passage thereof No bill or joint resolution shall\\nbecome a law without the concurrence of a majority of all the members\\n2 H", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0543.jp2"}, "544": {"fulltext": "530 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nelected to each house. On the final passage of all bills the vote shall be by\\nyeas and nays, and entered on the journal.\\nSec. 20. No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall be ex-\\npressed in its title. No public acts shall take effect or be in force until the\\nexpiration of ninety days from the end of the session at which tlie same is\\npassed, unless the legislature shall otherwise direct, by a two-thirds vote of\\nthe members elected to each house.\\nSec. 21. The legislature shall not grant nor authorize extra compensation\\nto any public officer, agent, or contractor, after the service has been ren-\\ndered or the contract entered into.\\nSec. 22. The leijislature shall provide by law that the furnishing of fuel\\nand stationery for the use of the State, the printing and binding the laws\\nand journals, all blanks, paper and printing for the executive departments,\\nand all other printing ordered by the legislature, shall be let by contract to\\nthe lowest bidder or bidders, Avho shall give adequate and satisfactory secu-\\nrity for the performance thereof. The legislature shall prescribe by law\\nthe manner in which the State printing shall be executed, and the accounts\\nrendered therefor, and shall prohibit all charges for constructive labor.\\nThey shall not rescind nor alter such contract, nor release the person or\\npersons taking the same, or his or their sureties, from the performance of\\nany of the conditions of the contract. No member of the legislature nor\\nofficer of the State shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any such\\ncontract.\\nSec. 23. The legislature shall not authorize, by private or special law, the\\nsale or conveyance of any real estate belonging to any person, nor vacate\\nnor alter any road laid out by commissioners of highways, or any street in\\nany city or village, or in any recorded town plat.\\nSec. 24. The legislature may authorize the employment of a chaplain for\\nthe State prison but no money shall be a])j)ropriated for the payment of\\nany religious services in either house of the legislature.\\nSec. 25. No law shall be revised, altered, or amended by reference to its\\ntitle only but the act revised, and the section or sections of the act altered\\nor amended, shall be re-enacted and published at length.\\nSec. 26. Divorces shall not be granted by the legislature.\\nSec. 11. The legislature shall not authorize any lottery, nor permit the\\ngale of lottery tickets.\\nSec. 28. No new bill shall be introduced into cither house during the last\\nthree days of the session without the unanimous consent of the house in\\nwhich it originates.\\nSec. 29. In case of a contested election, the person only shall receive from\\nthe State per diem compensation and mileage, who is declared to be entitled\\nto a scat by the house in which the contest takes place.\\nSec. 30. No collector, holder, nor disburscr of public moneys, shall have\\na seat in the legislature, or be eligible to any office of trust or profit under\\nthis State, until he shall have accounted for and paid over, as provided by\\nlaw, all sums for which he may be liable.\\nSec. 31. The legislature shaU not audit nor allow any private claim or\\naccount.\\nSec. 32. The legislature, on the day of final adjournment, shall adjourn\\nat twelve o clock at noon.\\nSec. 33. The legislature shall meet at the seat of government on the first\\nWednesday in February next, and on the first Wednesday in January of\\nevery second year thereafter, and at no other place or time, unless as pro-\\nvided iu this constitution.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0544.jp2"}, "545": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 531\\nSec. 34. The election of senators and representatives, pursuant to the ])ro-\\nvisions of this constitution, shall be held on the Tuesday succeeding the first\\nIMonday of November, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-\\ntwo, and on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November of every\\nsecond year tliereafter.\\nSec. 35. The legislature shall not establish a State paper. Every news-\\npaper in the State which shall publish all the general laws of any session\\nwithin forty days of their passage, shall be entitled to receive a sum not\\nexceeding fifteen dollars therefor.\\nSec. 36. The legislature shall provide for the speedy publication of all\\nstatute laws of a public nature, and of such judicial decisions as it may\\ndeem expedient. All laws and judicial decisions shall be free for publica-\\ntion by any person.\\nSec. 37. The legislature may declare the cases in which any office shall be\\ndeemed vacant, and also the manner of filling the vacancy, where no pro-\\nvision is made for that purjjose in this constitution.\\nSec. 38. The legislature may confer upon organized townships, incorpora-\\nted cities and villages, and upon the board of supervisors of the several\\ncounties, such powers of a local, legislative, and administrative character\\nas they may deem proper.\\nSec. 39. The legislature shall pass no law to prevent any person from\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\vorshipi)ing Almighty God according to the dictates of his own conscience,\\nor to compel any person to attend, erect, or support, any place of religious\\nworshij), or to pay tithes, taxes, or other rates, for the support of any min-\\nister of the gospel or teacher of religion.\\nSee. 40. No money shall be appropriated or drawn from the treasury for\\nthe benefit of any religious sect or society, theological or religious seminary,\\nnor shall property belonging to the State be appropriated for any such\\npurposes.\\nSec. 41. The legislature shall not diminish or enlarge the civil or political\\nrights, privileges, and capacities, of any person on account of his opinion\\nor belief concerning matters of religion.\\nSec. 42. No law shall ever be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of\\nspeech or cf the press; but every person may freely speak, write, and pul)-\\nlish, his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of such\\nright.\\nSec. 43. The legislature shall pass no bill of attainder, ex-post facto law,\\nor law impairing the obligation of contracts.\\nSec. 44. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus remains, and shall not\\nbe suspended by the legislature, except in case of rebellion or invasion the\\npublic safety require it.\\nSec. 4o. The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to each house\\nof the legislature shall be requisite to every bill appropriating the public\\nmoney or property, for local or private purposes.\\nSec. 46. The legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of a less number\\nthan twelve nien.\\nSec. 47. The legislature shall not pass any act authorizing the grant of\\nlicense for the sale of ardent spirits or other intoxicating liquors.\\nSec. 4^. The style of the laws shall be, The people of the State of IMich-\\nigan enact.\\nARTICLE v.\\nEXECCTIVR DKPAIITMENT.\\nSection 1. The executive power is vested in a governor, who shall hold", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0545.jp2"}, "546": {"fulltext": "532 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nhis office for two years. A lieutenant governor shall be chosen for the\\nsame term.\\nSec. 2. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor or lieutenant\\ngovernor, who has not been five years a citizen of the United States, and\\na resident of this State two years next preceding his election nor shall\\nany pei-son be eligible to either office who has not attained the age of\\nthirty years.\\nSee. 3. The governor and lieutenant governor shall be elected at the times\\nand places of choosing the members of the legislature. The person having\\nthe highest number of votes for governor or lieutenant governor, shall be\\nelected. In case two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest\\nnumber of votes for governor or lieutenant governor, the legislature shall,\\nby joint vote, choose one of such persons.\\nSee. 4. The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the military and\\nnaval forces, and may call out such forces to execute the laws, to suppress\\ninsurrections, and to repel invasions.\\nSec. 5. He shall transact all necessary business with officers of govern-\\nment, nnd may require information, in writing, from the officers of the\\nexecutive department, upon any subject relating to the duties of their\\nrespective offices.\\nSec. (y. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.\\nSec. 7. He may convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions.\\nSec. 8. He shall give to the legislature, and at the close of his official\\nterm, to the next legislature, information by message of the condition of the\\nState, and recommend such measures to them as he shall deem expedient.\\nSec. 9. He may convene the legislature at some other place, when the seat\\nof government becomes dangerous from disease or a comtnon enemy.\\nSec. 10. He shall issue, writs of election to fill such vacancies as occur in\\nthe senate or house of representatives.\\nSec. 11. He may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after con-\\nvictions, for all offenses except treason and cases of impeachment, upon such\\nconditions, and with such restrictions and limitations, as he may think\\nproj)er, subject to regulations provided by law, relative to the manner of\\napplying for pardons. Upon conviction for treason, he may suspend the\\nexecution of the sentence, until the case shall be rei)()rted to the legislature\\nat its next session, when the legislature shall either pardon, or commute the\\nsentence, direct the execution of the sentence, or grant a further reprieve.\\nHe shall communicate to the legislature, at each session, information of\\neach case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, and the reasons\\ntherefor.\\nSec. 12. In case of the impeachment of the governor, his removal from\\noffice, death, inability, resignation, or absence from the State, the powers\\nand duties of the office shall devolve upon the lieutenant governor for the\\nresidue of the term, or until the disability ceases. When the governor shall\\nbe out of the State in time of war, at the head of a military force thereof,\\nhe shall continue commander-in-chief of all the military force of the State.\\nSec. 13. During a vacancy in the office of governor, if the lieutenant\\ngovernor die, resign, be impeached, displaced, be incapable of performing\\nthe duties of his office, or absent from the State, the president /^ro tempore\\nof the senate shall act as governor, until the vacancy be filled, or the dis-\\nability cease.\\nSec. 14. The lieutenant governor shall, by virtue of his office, be presi-\\ndent of the senate. In committee of the whole he may debate all ques-\\ntions; and when there is au et|uul division, he shall give the casting vote.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0546.jp2"}, "547": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 533\\nSec. 15. No member of congress, nor any person holding office under the\\nUnited States, or this State, shall execute the office of governor.\\nSec. 16, No person elected governor or lieutenant governor, shall bo eli-\\ngible to any office or appointment from the legislature, or either house\\nthereof, during the time for which he was elected. All votes for either of\\nthem, for any such office, shall be void.\\nSec. 17. The lieutenant [governor,] and president of the senate pro tem-\\npore, when performing the duties of governor, shall receive the same com-\\npensation as the governor.\\nSec. 18. All official acts of the governor, his approval of the laws excepted,\\nshall be authenticated by the great seal of the State, whicli shall be kept\\nby the secretary of State.\\nSec. 19. All commissions issued to persons holding office under the i)ro-\\nvisions of this constitution, shall be in the name and by the authority of the\\npeople of the State of ^Michigan, sealed with the great seal of tiie State,\\nsigned by the governor, and countersigned by the secretary of State.\\nARTICLE VI.\\nJUDICIAL DEPAIITMENT.\\nSection 1. The judicial ])ower is vested in one supreme court, in circuit\\ncourts, in probate courts, and in justices of the peace. Municipal courts of\\ncivil and criminal jurisdiction may be established by the legislature in\\ncities.\\nSec. 2. For the term of six years, and thereafter until the legislature\\notherwise provide, the judges of the several circuit courts shall be judges of\\nthe supreme court, four of whom shall constitute a quorum. A concurrence\\nof three shall be necessary to a final decision. After six years, the legis-\\nlature nuiy provide by law for the organization of a supreme court, with\\nthe jurisdiction and powers prescribed in this constitution, to consist of one\\nchief justice and tliree associate justices, to be chosen by the electors of\\nthe State. Such supreme court, when so organized, shall not be changed\\nor discontinued by the legislature for eight years thereafter. The judges\\nthereof shall be so classified that but one of them shall go out of office\\nat the same time. Their term of office shall be eight years.\\nSec. H. The supreme court shall have a general superintending control\\nover all inferior courts, and shall have power to issue writs of error, habeas\\ncorpus, mandanuis, quo warranto, [)rocedendo, and other original and\\nremedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it\\nshall have aj)pellate jurisdiction jnly.\\nSec. 4. Four terms of the supreme court shall be held auiuially, at such\\ntimes and places as may be designated by law.\\nSec. The supreme court shall, by general rules, establish, modify, and\\namend the practice in such court and in the circuit courts, and situ[)lity the\\nsame. The legislature shall, as far as practicable, abolish distinctions\\nbetween law and equity proceedings. The office of master in chancery is\\npa-ohibited.\\nSec. G. The State shall be divided into eight judicial circuits; in each\\nof whicli the electors thereof shall elect one circuit judge, who shall hold\\nliis office for the term of six years, and until his successor is elected and\\nqualified.\\nSec. 7. The legislature may alter the limits of circuits, or increase the\\nnumber of the same. No alteration or increase shall have the etfect to\\nremove a judge from office. In every additional circuit established, the\\njudge shall be elected by the electors of such circuit, and his term of", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0547.jp2"}, "548": {"fulltext": "534 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\noffice sliall continue, as provided in this constitution fur judges of tlic cir-\\ncuit court.\\nSee. 8. The circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction in all matters,\\ncivil and criminal, not excepted in this constitution, and not ])rohibited by\\nlaw; and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals, and\\na supervisory control of the same. They shall also have power to issue\\nwrits of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto, certiorari, and\\nother writs necessary to carry into efrect their orders, judgments and de-\\ncrees, and give them a general control over inferior courts and tribunals\\nwilhin their respective jurisdictions.\\nSee. 9. Each of the judges of the circuit courts shall receive a salary\\npayable quarterly. They shall be ineligible to any other than a judicial\\noffice during the term f)r which they are elected, and for one year there-\\nafter. All votes f)r any pei son elected such judge for any office other than\\njudicial, given either by the legislature or the people, shall be void.\\nSec. 10. The supreme court may appoint a reporter of its decisions. The\\ndecisions of the supreme court shall be in writing, and signed by tiie judges\\nconcurring therein. Any judge dissenting therefrom, shall give the reasons\\nof such dissent in writing, under his signature. All such opinions shall\\nbe filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme court. Tiie judges of the\\ncircuit court, within their respective jurisdictions, may fill vacancies in the\\noffice of county clerk and of prosecuting attorney but no judge of the\\nsupreme court, or circuit court, shall exercise auy other power of appoint-\\nment to public office.\\nSec. 11. A circuit court shall be held at least twice each year in every\\ncounty organized for judicial purposes, and four times in each year in coun-\\nties containing ten thousand inhabitants. Judges of tiie circuit court may\\nhold courts for each other, and shall do so when required by law.\\nSec. 12. The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes, shall\\nbe the clerk of the circuit court of such county, and of the supreme court\\nwhen held within the same.\\nSec. 13. In each of the counties organized for judicial pui poses, there\\nshall be a court of jorobate. The judge of such court shall be elected by\\nthe electors of the county in which he resides, and shall hold his office for\\nfour years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. The jurisdic-\\ntion, powers and duties of such court shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. \\\\A. When a vacancy occurs in the office of judge of the supreme,\\ncircuit, or probate court, it shall be filled by appointment of the gov-\\nernor, which shall continue until a successor is elected and qualified.\\nWhen elected, such successor shall hold his office the residue of the unex-\\npired terra.\\nSec. 15. The supreme court, the circuit and probate courts of each county,\\nshall be courts of record, and shall each have a common seal.\\nSec. 16. The legislature may provide by law for the election of one or\\nmore persons in each organized county, who may be vested with judicial\\npowers, not exceeding those of a judge of the circuit court at chambers.\\nSec. 17. There shall be not exceeding four justices of tiie peace in each\\norganized township. They shall be elected by the electors of the town-\\nships, and shall hold their offices for f )ur years, and until their successors\\nare elected and (lualified. At the first election in any township, they shall\\nbe classified as shall be prescribed by law. A justice elected to fill a va-\\ncancy shall hold his office f)r the residue of the unexpii*ed term. The\\nlegislature may increase the number of justices in cities.\\nSec. 18. In civil cases, justices of the peace shall have exclusive juris-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0548.jp2"}, "549": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 535\\ndiction to the amount of one Imntlred dollars, and concurrent jurisdiction\\nto the amount of three hundred dollars, which may be increased to five\\nhundred dollars, with such exceptions and restrictions as may be provided\\nby law. They shall also have such criminal jurisdiction, and perform such\\nduties as shall be prescribed by the leaislature.\\nSec. 19. Judges of the supreme court, circuit judges, and justices of the\\npeace, shall be conservators of the ])eace within their respective jurisdictions.\\nSec. 20. The first election of judges of the circuit courts shall be held on\\nthe first Alonday in April, one thousand eight hundred and fiftv-one, and\\nevery sixth year thereafter. Whenever an additional circuit is created,\\nprovision shall be made to hold the subsequent election of such additional\\njudges at the regular election herein provided.\\nSec. 21. The first election of judges of the probate courts shall be held\\non the Tuesday succeeding the first IMonday of November, one thousand\\neight hundred and fil ty-two, and every fourth year thereafter.\\nSec. 22. Whenever a judge shall remove beyond the limits of the juris-\\ndiction fi)r Avhich he was elected, or a justice of the peace from the town-\\nship in which he was elected, or by a change in the boundaries of such\\ntownship shall be placed without the same, they shall be deemed to have\\nvacated their respective offices.\\nSec. 23. The legislature may establish courts of conciliation, with such\\npowers and duties as shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 24. Any suitor in any court of tins State shall have the right to\\nprosecute or defend his suit, either in his own proper person or by an attor-\\nney or agent of his choice.\\nSec. 25. In all ])rosecutions for libels, the truth may be given in evidence\\nto the jury and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as\\nlibelous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable\\nends, the party shall be acquitted. The jury shall have the right to deter-\\nmine the law and the fact.\\nSec. 26. The j)erson, houses, papers, and possessions of every person shall\\nbe secure from unreasonable searches and seizures. No warrant to search\\nany place or to seize any person or things shall issue without describing\\nthem, nor without probable cause, sui)])orted by oath or aftirnuition.\\nSec. 27. The right of trial by jury shall remain, but shall be deemed to\\nbe waived in all civil cases, unless demanded by one of the parties, in such\\nmanner as shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 28. In every criminal prosecution the accused shall have the right\\nto a speedy and public trial by an impartial jurj which may consist of less\\nthan twelve men in all courts not of record to be informed of the nature\\nof the accusation; to be confroute l with the witnesses against him; to\\nhave compulsory process fir obtaining witnesses in his favor, and have the\\nassistance of counsel for his defense.\\nSec. 29. No person, after acquittal upon the merits, shall be tried i nr the\\nsame oflense; all persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient\\nsureties, except for murder and treason, when the proof is evident or the\\npresunijition great.\\nSec. 30. Treason against the State shall consist only in IcN-^-ing war\\nagainst [it,] or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and coinf )rt.\\nNo person shall be convicted of treason unless upon the testimony of two\\nwitnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.\\nSec. 31. Excessive bail shall not be required excessive fines shall not be\\nimposed cruel or unusual ])unishmeut shall not be inflicted, nor shall wit-\\nnesses be unreasonably detained.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0549.jp2"}, "550": {"fulltext": "536 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nSec. 32. No person shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a wit-\\nness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without\\ndue process of law.\\nSec. 33. No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of or founded\\non a contract, express or implied, except in cases of fraud or breach of\\ntrust, or of moneys collected by public officers, or in any professional em-\\nployment. No person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of\\npeace.\\nSec. 34. No person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on\\naccount of his opinions on matters of religious belief.\\nSec. 35. The style of all process shall be In the name of the people of\\nthe State of Michigan.\\nARTICLE VII.\\nELECTIONS.\\nSection 1. In all elections every white male citizen, every white male\\ninhabitant residing in the State on the twenty-fourth day of June, one thou-\\nsand eight hundred and thirty-five every white male inhabitant residing\\nin this State on the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and\\nfifty, who has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United\\nStates, pursuant to tlie laws thereof, six months preceding an election, or\\nwho has resided in this State two years and six months, and declared his\\nintention as aforesaid and every civilized male inhabitant of Indian\\ndescent, a native of the United States, and not a member of any tribe, shall\\nbe an elector and entitled to vote; but no citizen or inhabitant shall be an\\nelector, or entitled to vote at any election, unless he shall be above the age\\nof twenty-one years, and has resided in this State three months, and in the\\ntownship or ward in which he offers to vote, ten days next preceding such\\nelection.\\nSec. 2. All votes shall be given by ballot, except for such township offi-\\ncers as may be authorized by law to be otherwise chosen.\\nSec. 3. Every elector, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of the\\npeace, shall be privileged from arrest during his attendance at election,\\nand going to and returning from the same.\\nSec. 4. No elector sliull be obliged to do military duty on the day of\\nelection, except in time of war or public danger, or attend court as a suitor\\nor witness.\\nSec. 5. No elector shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by\\nreason of his being employed in the service of the United States, or of this\\nState nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of this State or\\nof the United States, or of tiie high seas; nor while a student of any sem-\\ninary of learning; nor while kept at any alms-house or other asylum at\\npublic exi)ense nor while confined in any public prison.\\nSec. 6. Laws may be passed to preserve the purity of elections, and guard\\nagainst abuses of the elective franchise.\\nSec. 7. No soldier, seaman, nor marine in the army or navy of the Uni-\\nted States shall be deemed a resident of this State in consequence of being\\nstaticmcd in any military or naval place within the same.\\nSec. 8. Any inhabitant wlio may hereafter be engaged in a duel, cither\\nas principal or accessory before the fact, shall be disf(ualified from liolding\\nany office under the constitution and laws of this State, and shall not be\\npermitted to vote at any election.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0550.jp2"}, "551": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 637\\nARTICLE VIII.\\nSTATE OFFICERS.\\nSection 1. There shall be elected at each general hiennial election a sec-\\nretary of State, a superintendent of public instruction, a State treasurer, a\\ncommissioner of the land office, an auditor general, and an attorney gene-\\nral, for the term of two years. They shall keep their offices at the seat of\\ngovernment, and shall ])eri orni such duties as may be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 2. Their term of office shall commence on the first day of January,\\none thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and of every second year\\ntherealter.\\nSec. 3. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in any of the State offices, the\\ngovernor shall fill the same by a])pointment, by and with the consent of\\nthe Senate, if in session.\\nSec. 4. The secretary of State, State treasurer, and commissioner of the\\nState land oflice shall constitute a board of State auditors, to examine and\\nadjust all claims against the State not otherwise provided fi)r by general\\nlaw. They shall constitute a board of State canvassers to determine the\\nresult of all elections for governor, lieutenant governor, and State officers,\\nand of such other officers as shall by law be referred to them.\\nSec. 5. In case two or more persons have an equal and the highest num-\\nber of votes for any office, as canvassed by the board of State canvassers,\\nthe legislature in joint convention shall choose one of such persons to fill\\nsuch office. When the determination of the board of State canvassers is\\ncontested, the legislature in joint convention shall decide which person is\\nelected.\\nARTICLE IX,\\nSALARIES.\\nSection 1. The governor shall receive an annual salary of one thousand\\ndollars; the judges of the circuit court shall each receive an annual salary\\nof one thousand five hundred dollars; the State treasurer shall receive an\\nannual salary of one thousand dollars; the auditor general shall receive an\\nannual salary of one thousand dollars; the superintendent of public in-\\nstruction shall receive an annual salary of one thousand dollars; the secre-\\ntary of State shall receive an annual salary of eight hundred dollars the\\ncommissioner of the land office shall receive an annual salary of eight hun-\\ndred dollars; tlie attorney general shall receive an annual salary of eight\\nhundred ilollars. They shall receive no fees or penpiisites whatever, for the\\nperfi)rmance of any duties connected with their offices. It shall not be com-\\npetent for the legislature to increase the salaries iiereiu provided.\\nARTICLE X.\\nSectio7i 1. Each organized county shall be a body corporate, with such\\npowers and immunities as shall be established by law. All suits and pro-\\nceedings by or against a county shall be in the name thereof\\nSec. 2. No organized county shall ever be reduced by the organization of\\nnew^ counties to less than sixteen townships, as surveyed by the United\\nStates, unless, in pursuance of law, a majority of electors residing in each\\ncounty to be afl ected thereby shall so decide. The legislature may organ-\\nize any city into a separate county, when it has attained a population of\\niweuty thousand inhabitants, without reference to geographical extent, when\\n2 11", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0551.jp2"}, "552": {"fulltext": "538 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\na majority of the electors of a county in Avhich such city may be situated,\\nvoting thereon, shall be in favor of a separate organization.\\nSec. 3. In each organized county there shall be a sheriff, a county clerk,\\na county treasurer, a register of deeds, and a prosecuting attorney, chosen\\nby the electors thereof, once in two years, and as often as vacancies shall\\nhappen, whose duties and powers shall be prescribed by law. The board\\nof supervisors in any county may unite the offices of county clerk and regis-\\nter of deeds in one office, or disconnect the same.\\nSec. 4. The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer, judge of probate, and\\nregister of deeds, shall hokl their offices at the county seat.\\nSec. 5. The sheriff shall hold no other office, and shall be incapable of\\nholding the office of sheriff longer than four in any period of six years,\\nlie may be I equired by law to renew his security from time to time, and in\\ndefault of giving such security, his office shall be deemed vacant. The\\ncounty shall never be responsible for his acts.\\nSec. 6. A board of supervisors, consisting of one from each organized\\ntownship, shall be established in each county, with such powers as shall be\\nprescribed by law.\\nSee. 7. Cities shall have such representation in the board of supervisors\\nof the counties iji which they are situated, as the legislature may direct.\\nSec. 8. No county seat once established shall be removed until the place\\nto which it is proposed to be removed shall be designated by two-thirds of\\nthe board of supervisors of the county, and a majority of the electors vot-\\ning thereon shall have voted in favor of the proposed location, in such man-\\nner as shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 9. The board of supervisors of any county may borrow or raise by\\ntax one thousand dollars, for constructing or repairing public buildings,\\nhighways or bridges but no greater sum shall be borrowed or raised by\\ntax for such purpose in any one year, unless authorized by a majority of the\\nelectors of such county voting thereon.\\nSec. 10. The board of supervisors, or, in the county of Wayne, the board\\nof county auditors, shall have the exclusive power to prescribe and fix the\\ncompensation for all services rendered for, and to adjust all claims against,\\ntheir respective counties and the sum so fixed or defined shall be subject\\nto no appeal.\\nSec. 11. The board of supervisors of each organized county may provide\\nfor laying out highways, constructing bridges, and organizing townships,\\nunder such restrictions and limitations as shall be prescribed by law.\\nARTICLE XI.\\nTOWNSHIPS.\\nSection 1. There shall be elected annually, on the first Monday of April,\\nin each organized township, one supervisor, one township clerk, who shall\\nbe, ex-ofielo, school inspector, one commissioner of highways, one township\\ntreasurer, one school inspector, not exceeding four constables, and one over-\\nseer of highways for each highway district, whose powers and duties shall\\nbe prescribed by law.\\nSec. 2. Each organized township shall bo a body corporate, v.-ith such\\npowers and immunities as shall be prescribed bylaw. All suits and pro-\\nceedings by or against a township shall be in the name thereof.\\nAllTICLE XII.\\nIMPEACHMENTS AND REMOVALS FHOM OFFICE.\\nSection 1. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of im-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0552.jp2"}, "553": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 539\\npeaching civil officers for corrupt conduct in office, or for crimes and mis-\\ndemeanors; but a nuijority of the members elected shall be necessary to\\ndirect an impeachment.\\nSec. 2. Every impeachment shall be tried by the senate. When the gov-\\nernor or lieutenant governor is tried, the chief justice of the supreme court\\nshall jireside. Wiien an impeachment is directed, tlie senate sluill take an\\noath or affirmation truly and impartially to try and determine the same\\naccording to the evidence. No person shall be convicted without the con-\\ncurrence of two-thirds of the members elected. Judgment in case of im-\\npoachment slmll not extend further than removal from otHce; but the party\\nconvicted sliall be liable to punishment according to law.\\nSec. 3. When an imj)eachment is directed, the house of representatives\\nshall elect from their own body three members, whose duty it shall be to\\nprosecute such impeachment. No impeachment shall be tried until the\\nfinal adjournment of the legislature, wheu the senate will proceed to try\\nthe same.\\nSec. 4. No judicial officer shall exercise his office after an impeachment\\nis directed, until he is ac(piitted.\\nSec. 5. The governor nmy make a provisional appointment to fill a va-\\ncancy occasioned by the suspension of an officer until he shall be acquitted,\\nor until after the election and qualification of a successor.\\nSec. 6. For reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground for the\\nimpeachment of a judge, the governor shall remove him on a concurrent\\nresolution of two-thirds of the mend)ers elected to each house of the legis-\\nlature but the cause f )r which such removal is required, shall be stated\\nat length in such resolution.\\nSec. 7. The legislature shall provide by law for the removal of any officer\\nelected by a county, townsiiip or school district, in such manner and for\\nsuch cause as to them shall seem just and proper.\\nARTICLE XIII.\\nEDUCATION.\\nSection 1. The superintendent of public instruction shall have the gen-\\neral supervision of public instruction, and his duties shall be prescribed by\\nlaw.\\nSec. 2. The proceeds from the sales of all lands that have been or here-\\nafter may be granted by the United States to the State, for educational\\npurp(jses, and the proceeds of all lands or other property given by indi-\\nviduals, or appropriated by the State for like purposes, shall be and re-\\nmain a perpetual fund, the interest and income of which, together with the\\nrents of all such lands as may remain unsold, shall be inviolably appro-\\npriated and annually applied to the specific objects of the original gift,\\ngrant or appro|)riation.\\nSec. 3. AH lands, the titles to which shall fall from a defect of heirs,\\nshall escheat to the State; and the interest on the clear proceeds from the\\nsales thereof, shall be apprtipriated exclusively to the support of primary\\nschools.\\nSec. I. The legislature shall, with n five years from the ailo])ti n ol this\\nconstitution, provide for and establish a system of prinuiry schools, whereby\\na school shall be kept without charge for tuition, at least three nivwiths in\\neach year, in every school district in the State; and all instruction in said\\nschools shall be conducted in the English language.\\nSec. 5. A school shall be nuiintaiued in each school district at least three", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0553.jp2"}, "554": {"fulltext": "540 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nmonths in each year. Any school district neglecting to maintain such\\nschool, shall be deprived for the ensuing year of its proportion of the in-\\ncome of the primary school fund, and of all funds arising from taxes for\\nthe support of schools.\\nSec. 6. There shall be elected in each judicial circuit, at the time of the\\nelection of the judge of such circuit, a regent of the university, Avhose term\\nof office shall be the same as that of such judge. The regents thus elected\\nshall constitute the board of regents of the University of Michigan.\\nSec. 7. The regents of the university, and their successors in office, shall\\ncontinue to constitute the body corporate, known by the name and title of\\nThe Regents of the University of Michigan.\\nSec. 8. The regents of the university shall, at their first annual meeting,\\nor as soon thereafter as may be, elect a president of the university, who\\nshall be ex-officio a member of their board, with the privilege of speaking,\\nbut not of voting, lie shall preside at the meetings of the regents, and be\\nthe principal executive officer of the university. Tlie board of regents\\nshall have the general supervision of the university, and the direction and\\ncontrv)l of all expenditures from the university interest fund.\\nSec. 9. There shall be elected at the general election in the year one\\nthousand eight hundred and fifty-two, three members of a State board of\\neducation, one for two years, one for four years, and one for six years and\\nat each succeeding biennial election there shall be elected one member of\\nsuch board, who shall hold his office for six years. The superintendent of\\npublic instruction shall be ex-offi.cio a member and secretary of such board.\\nThe board shall have the general supervision of the State normal school,\\nand their duties shall be prescribed by law.\\n/Sec. 10. Institutions for the benefit of those inhabitants who are deaf,\\ndumb, blind, or insane, shall always be fostered and supported.\\nSee. 11. The legislature shall encourage the promotion of intellectual,\\nscientific and agricultural improvement; and shall, as soon as practicable,\\nprovide for the establishment of an agricultural school. The legislature\\nmay appropriate the twenty-two sections of salt spring lands now unap-\\npropriated, or the money arising from the sale of the same, where such\\nlauds have been already sold, and any land which may hereafter be granted\\nor appropriated for such purpose, for the support and maintenance of such\\nschool, and may make the same a branch of the university, for instruction\\nin agriculture and the natural sciences connected therewith, and place the\\nsame un ler the supervision of the regents of the university.\\nSec. 12. The legislature shall provide for the establishment of at least\\none library in each township; and all fines assessed and collected in the\\nseveral counties and townships for any breach of the penal laws, shall be\\nexclusively applied to the support of such libraries.\\nARTICLE XIV.\\nFINANCE AND TAXATION.\\nSection 1. All specific State taxes, except those received from the mining\\ncompanies of the upper peninsular, shall be applied in paying the interest\\nupon the primary s(;hool, university, and other educational funds, anil the\\ninterest and principal of the Slate debt in the order herein recited, until\\nthe extinguishment of the State debt, other than the amounts due to edu-\\ncational funds, when such si)ecific taxes shall be added to, and constitute a\\npart of the primary school interest fund. The legislature shall provide for\\nan annual tax, sufficient, with other resources, to pay the estimated expenses", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0554.jp2"}, "555": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS, 541\\nof the State government, the interest of the State debt, and such deficiency\\nas may occur in the resources.\\nSec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law a sinking fund of at least\\ntwenty thousand dollars a year, to commence in eighteen hundred and\\nfifty-two, with compound interest at the rate of six per ceut. ])cr annum,\\nand an annual increase of at least iive per cent., to be a[)pli( d solely t the\\npayment and extinguishment of the principal of the State debt, other than\\nthe amounts due to educational funds, and shall be continued until the\\nextinguishment thereof The unfunded debt shall not be funded or re-\\ndeemed at a value exceeding that established by law in one thousand eight\\nhundred ami forty-eight.\\nSec. 3. The State may contract debts to meet deficits in revenue. Such\\ndebts shall not in the aggregate at any one time exceed fifty thousand dol-\\nlars. The moneys so raised sluill be applied to the purposes for which they\\nwere obtained, or to the payment of the debts so conti-acted.\\nSec. 4. The State may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insur-\\nrection, or defend the State in time of war. The money arising from the\\ncontracting of such debts shall be applied to the purposes for which it was\\nraised, or to repay such debts.\\nSec. 5. No money shall be paid out of the treasury, except in pursuance\\nof appropriations made by law.\\nSec. 6. The credit of the State shall not be granted to, or in aid of, any\\nperson, association or corporation.\\nSec. 7. No scrip, certificate, or other evidence of State indebtedness shall\\nbe issued, except for the redemption of stock previously issued, or for such\\ndebts as are expressly authorized in this constitution.\\nSec. 8. The State shall not subscribe to, or be interested in, the stock of\\nany company, association, or corporation.\\nSec. 9. The State shall not be a party to, or interested in, any work of\\ninternal improvement, or engaged in carrying on any such work, except in\\nthe expenditure of grants to the State of huul or other property.\\nSec. 10. The State may continue to collect all specific taxes accruing to\\nthe Treasury under existing laws. The legislature may provide f)r the\\nct)lh Ction of specific taxes from banking, railroad, plank road, and other\\ncorporations hereafter created.\\nSec. 11. The legislature shall provide an uniform rule of taxation, except\\n,on property paying specific taxes; aud taxes shall be levied on such prop-\\nerty as shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 12. All assessments hereafter authorized shall be on property at its\\ncash value.\\nSec. 13. The legislature shall provide f )r an equalization by a State board\\nin the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and every fifth year\\nthereafter, of assessments on all taxable property, except that paying spe-\\ncific taxes.\\nSec. 14. Every law which imposes, continues, or revives a tax, shall dis-\\ntinctly state the tax, and the ol)ject to which it is to be applied and it\\nshall not be sufficient to refer to any other law to fix such tax or object.\\nARTICLE XV.\\nCOIM ORATIOXS.\\nSectio)i 1. Corporations may be firmed under general laws, but shall not\\nbe created by special act, i xcoi)t f r nuuiici[)al purposes. All laws passed\\npursuant to this section may be altered, amended, or repealed.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0555.jp2"}, "556": {"fulltext": "542 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nSec. 2. No bankinj; law, or law for banking purposes, or amendments\\nthereof, shall have effect until the same shall, after its passage, be submit-\\nted to a vote of the electors of the State, at a general election, and be\\napproved by a majority of the votes cast thereon at such election.\\nhec. 3. The officers and stockholders of every corporation or association\\nfor banking purposes, issuing bank notes or paper credits to circulate as\\nmoney, shall be individually liable for all debts contracted during the\\ntime of their being officers or stockholders of such corporation or asso-\\nciation.\\nSec. 4. The legislature shall provide by law for the registry of all bills\\nor notes issued or put in circulation as money, and shall require security to\\nthe full amount of notes and bills so registered, in State or United States\\nstocks bearing interest, which shall be deposited with the State treasurer fur\\nthe redemption of such bills or notes in specie.\\nSec. 5. In case of the insolvency of any bank or banking association, the\\nbill-holders thereof shall be entitled to preference in payment, over all\\nother creditors of such bank or association.\\nSec. 6. The legislature shall pass no law authorizing or sanctioning the\\nsuspension of specie payments by any person, association, or corporation.\\nSec. 7. The stockholders of all corporations and joint stock associations\\nshall be individually liable for all labor performed for such corporation or\\nassociation.\\nSec. 8. The legislature shall pass no law altering or amending any act of\\nincorporation heretofore granted, without the assent of two-thirds of the\\nmembers elected to each house; nor shall any such act be renewed or ex-\\ntended. This restriction shall not apply to municipal corporations.\\nSec. 9. The property of no person shall be taken by any corporation for\\npublic use without compensation being first made or secured in such man-\\nner as may be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 10. No corporation, except for municipal purposes, or for the con-\\nstruction of railroads, plank roads, and canals, shall be created for a longer\\ntime tiian thirty years.\\n/Sec. 11. Tiie term corporation, as used in the preceding sections of\\nthis article, shall be construed to include all associations and joint stock\\ncompanies having any of the powers or privileges of corporations not pos-\\nsessed by individuals or partuej-ships. All corporations shall have the right\\nto sue and be subject to be sued in all courts in like cases as natural per-\\nsons.\\nSec. 12. No corporation shall hold any real estate hereafter acquired for\\na longer period than ten years, except such real estate as shall be actually\\noccu|)ied by such corporation in the exercise of its franchises.\\nSec. 1.3. The legislature shall provide for the incorporation and organiza-\\ntion of cities and villages, and shall restrict their powers of taxation, bor-\\nrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit.\\nSec. 14. Judicial officers of cities and villages shall be elected, and all\\nother officers shall be elected or appointed at such time and in such manner\\nas the legislature may direct.\\nSec. 15. Private property shall not be taken f )r public improvements in\\ncities and villages without the consent of the owner, unless the compensa-\\ntion therefor shall first be determined by a jury of freeholders, and actually\\npaid or secured in the manner provided by law.\\nSec. 16. Previous notice of any application for an alteration of the char-\\ntor of any corporation shall be given in such manner as may be prescribed\\nby law.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0556.jp2"}, "557": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 543\\nARTICLE XVI.\\nEXEMPTIONS.\\nSection 1. The personal property of every resident of this State, to con-\\nsist of such property only as shall be designated by law, shall be exempted\\nto the amount of not less than five hundred dollars, from sale on executicin\\nor other final process of any court, issued for the collection of any debt\\ncontracted after the adoj)tion of this constitution.\\nSec. 2. Every homestead of not exceeding forty acres of land, and the\\ndwelling house thereon, and the appurtenances, to be selected by the owner\\ntlicrcof, and not included in any town ])Iat, city, or village; or instead\\nthereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in any city, village, or recorded\\ntown plat, or such parts of lots as shall be equal thereto, and the dwelling\\nhouse thereon, and its appurtenances, owned and occupied by any resident\\nof the State, not exceeding in value fifteen hundred dollars, shall be exempt\\nfrom forced sale on execution, or any other final process from a court, fi)r\\nany debt contracted after the adoption of this constitution. Such exemp-\\ntion shall not extend to any mortgage thereon lawfully obtained but such\\nmortgage or other alicnati( n of such land by the owner thereof, if a mar-\\nried man, shall not be valid without the signature of the wife to the same.\\nSec. o. The homestead of a family, after the death of the owner thereof,\\nshall be exempt from the payment of his debts, contracted after the adop-\\ntion of this constitution, in all cases during the minority of his children.\\nSec. 4. If the owner of a homestead die, leaving a widow, 1)ut no chil-\\ndren, the same shall be exempt, and the rents and profits thereof shall\\naccrue to her benefit during the time of her widowhood, unless she be the\\nowner of a homestead in her own right.\\nSec. 5. The real and personal estate of every female, acquired before\\nmarriage, and all property to which she may afterwards become entitled by\\ngift, grant, inheritance, or devise, shall be and remain the estate and prop-\\nerty of such female, and shall not be liable for the debts, obligations, or\\nengagements of her husband, and may be devised or bequeathed by her as\\nif she were unmarried.\\nARTICLE XVII.\\nSection 1. The militia shall be composed of all able bodied Avhite male\\ncitizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, except such as\\nare exempted by the laws of the United States or of this State; but all\\nsuch citizens, of any religious denomination whatever, who, from scruples\\nof conscience, nniy be adverse to bearing arms, shall be excused therefrom,\\nupon such conditions as shall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law fi)r organizing, equipping,\\nand disciplining the militia, in such manner as they shall deem expedient,\\nnot incompatil)ie with the laws of the United Stales.\\nSec. 3. OHicors of the militia sliall be elected or appointed, and be com-\\nmissioned iu such manner as may be provided by law.\\nARTICLE XVIII.\\nMISCELLANKODS PROVISIONS.\\nSection 1. Members of the legislature, and all officers, executive and judi-\\ncial, except such ofiicers as may by law be exempted, shall, before they\\nenter ou the duties of their respective offices, take aud subscribe the follow-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0557.jp2"}, "558": {"fulltext": "544 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\ning oat3i or affirmation I do solemnly swear (or affirm,) that I will sup-\\nport the Constitution of the United States and the constitution of this State,\\nand that I will faithfully discharge the duties of the office of accord-\\ning to the best of my ability. And no other oath, declaration, or test,\\nshall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust.\\nSec. 2. When private property is taken for the use or benefit of the pub-\\nlic, the necessity for using such property, and the just compensation to be\\nmade tlierefor, except when to be made by the State, shall be ascertained\\nby a jury of twelve freeholders, residing in the vicinity of such property,\\nor by not less than three commissioners, appointed by a court of record, as\\nshall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 3. No mechanical trade shall hereafter be taught to convicts in the\\nState prison of this State, except the manufacture of those articles of which\\nthe chief supply for home consumption is imported from other States or\\ncountries.\\nSec. 4. No navigable stream in this State shall be either bridged or\\ndammed without authority from the board of supervisors of the i)roper\\ncounty, under the provisions of law. No such law shall prejudice the right\\nof individuals to the free navigation of such streams, or preclude the State\\nfrom the further improvement of the navigation of such streams.\\nSec. 5. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the\\npublic moneys shall be attached to and published with the laws, at every\\nregular session of the legislature.\\nSec. 6. The laws, public records, and the written judicial and legislative\\nproceedings of the State shall be conducted, promulgated, and preserved in\\nthe English language.\\nSec. 7. Every person has a right to bear arms for the defence of himself\\nand the State.\\nSec. 8. The military shall, in all cases, and at all times, be in strict sub-\\nordination to the civil power.\\nSec. 9. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house\\nwithout the consent of the owner or occupant, nor in time of war, except in\\na manner prescribed by hnv.\\nSec. 10. The people have the right peaceably to assemble together, to\\nconsult for the common good, to instruct their representatives, and to ])cti-\\ntion the legislature for redress of grievances.\\nSec. 11. Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punish-\\nment of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this State.\\nSec. 12. No lease or grant hereafter of agricultural land for a longer\\nperiod than twelve years, reserving any rent or service of any kind, shall\\nbe valid.\\nSec. 13. Aliens who are, or who may hereafter become, 6ona/rfe residents\\nof this State, shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoy-\\nment, and inheritance of property, as native born citizens.\\nSec. 14. The property of no person shall be taken for public use without\\njust compensation therefor. Private roads may be opened in the manner\\nto be prescribed by law but in every case the necessities of the road and\\nthe amount of all damage to be sustained by the opening thereof, shall be\\nfirst determined by a jury of freeholders; and such amount, together with\\nthe expenses of proceedings, shall be paid by the person or persons to be\\nbenefited.\\nSec. 15. No general revision of the laws shall hereafter be made. When\\na reprint thereof becomes necessary, the legislature in joint convention shall\\nappoint a suitable person to collect together such acts and parts of acts as", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0558.jp2"}, "559": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 545\\nare in force, and without alteration, arrange them under appropriate heads\\nand titles. Tiie law? so arranged shall be submitted to two commissioners\\nappointed by (lie governor, for examination, and if certified by them to be\\na correct compilation of all general laws iu force, shall be priuted iu such\\nmanner as shall be prescribed by law.\\nARTICLE XIX.\\nUI I EIl PENINSULA.\\nSeefion 1. The counties of ^Mackinaw, Chippewa, Delta, Marquette,\\nSclioulcraft, Houghton, and Ontonagon, and the islands and territory there-\\nunto attached, the islands of Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan, and in\\n(ireen Bay, and the Straits of Mackinaw and the River Ste. Marie, shall\\nconstitute a separate judicial district, and be entitled to a district judge and\\ndistrict attorney.\\naScc. 2. The district judge shall be elected by the electors of such district,\\nand shall perform the same duties and possess the same powers us a circuit\\njudge in his circuit, and .^hall hold his office for the same period.\\n*S (^c. 3. The district attorney shall be elected every two years by the elec-\\ntors of the distri -t, shall perform (he duties of prosecuting attorney through-\\nout the entire district, and may issue warrants for the arrest of offenders in\\ncases of felony, to be proceeded with as sjiall be prescribed by law.\\nSec. 4. Sucii judicial district shall be entitled at all times to at least one\\nsenator; and until entitled to more by its population, it shall have three\\nmembers of the hou: e of representatives, to be apportioned among the sev-\\neral counties by the legislature.\\nSec. The legislature may provide for the payment of the district judge\\na salary not exceeding one thousand dollars a year, and of the district attor-\\nney not exceeding seven hundred dollars a year; and may allow extra com-\\npensation to the members of the legislature from such territory, not exceed-\\ning two dollars a day duriug any session.\\nSec. G. The elections for all district and county officers. State senator or\\nrepresentatives, within (he boundaries defined in this article, shall take\\nplace on the last Tuesday of Sej^tember in the respective years iu which\\ntluy may be rccpiired. The county canvass shall be held on the first Tues-\\nday in October thereafter, and the district canvass ou the last Tuesday of\\nsaid October.\\naSVc. 7. One-half of the taxes received into the treasury from mining cor-\\nporations in the upper peninsula, paying an annual State tax of ono per\\ncent., shall be paid to the treasurers of the counties from which it is received,\\nto be applied f )r township and county purposes, as provided by law. The\\nlegislature shall have power, after the year one thousand eight hundred and\\nfifty-live, to rediK C the amount (o be refunded.\\nSec. S. The legislature may change the location of the State prison fn^ra\\nJackson to the upper peninsula.\\nSec. 9. The charters of the several mining corporations may be modified\\nby the legislature, in regard to the term limited for subscribing to stock,\\nand in relation to the quantity of land which a ct)rporation shall hold; but\\nthe capital shall not bo increased, nor the tini f )r the existence of char-\\nters extended. No such corporation shall be permitted to purchase or li.)ld\\nany real estate, except such as shall be necessary for the exercise of its\\ncorporate franchises.\\nARTICLE XX.\\nAMENDMENT AND UKV18I0N OF TIIK CONSTITCTJON.\\nSection 1. Any amendment or amendments to this constitution maj be\\n2 I", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0559.jp2"}, "560": {"fulltext": "546 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\nproposed in the senate or house of representatives. If the same shall be\\nagreed to by two-tliirds of the members elected to each house, such amend-\\nment or amendments shall be entered on their journals respectively, with\\nthe yeas and nays taken thereon, and the same shall be submitted to the\\nelectors at the next general election thereafter and if a majority of the\\nelectors qualified to vote for members of the legislature voting thereon,\\nshall ratify and approve such amendment or amendments, the same shall\\nbecome part of the constitution.\\nSec. 2. At the general election to be held in the year one thousand eight\\nhundred and sixty-six, and in each sixteenth year thereafter and also at\\nsuch otlier times as the legislature may by law provide, the question of a\\ngeneral revision of the constitution shall be submitted to the electors quali-\\nfied to vote for members of the legislature and in case a majority of the\\nelectors so qualified, voting at such election, shall decide in favor of a con-\\nventicjn for such ])urpose, tbe legislature, at the next session, shall provide\\nby law for the election of delegates to sucli convention. All tlie amend-\\nments shall take effect at the commencement of the political year after\\ntheir adoption.\\nSCHEDULE.\\nTiiat no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the constitution of\\nthis State, and in order to carry the same into complete operation, it is\\nhereby declared, that\\nISedlon 1. The common law, and the statute laws now in force, not repug-\\nnant to this constitution, shall remain in force until they expire by their\\nown limitations, or arc altered or repealed by the legislature.\\nSec. 2. All writs, actions, causes of action, prosecutions and rights of in-\\ndividuals and of bodies corporate, and of the State, and all charters of in-\\ncorporation, shall C(jntinuc and all indictments which have been f)uud,\\nor wliich may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense commitied\\nbefore the adoption of tliis constitution, may be proceeded upon as if no\\nchange had taken place. The several courts, except as herein otherwise\\nprovided, shall continue with the like powers and jurisdiction, botli at law\\nand in equity, as if this constitution had not been adopted, and until the\\norganization of tlie judicial department under this constitution.\\nSec. 3. Tliat all fines, penalties, forfeitures, and escheats accruing to the\\nState of IMichigan under the present constitution and laws, shall accrue to\\nthe use of the State under this constitution.\\nSec. 4. Tiiat all recognizances, bonds, obligations, and all other instru-\\nments entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to\\nthe i)e()ple of the State of Michigan, to any State, county or township, or\\nany public officer or public body, or which maybe euteretl into or executed\\nunder existing laws to the i)eople of the State of IMichigan, to any such\\nofficer or pul)lic l)ody, befi)rc the complete organization of the departiuents\\nof government under this constitution, shall remain binding and valid; and\\nrights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and nuiy be prosecuted\\nas provided by law. And all crimes and misdemeanors and penal actions,\\nshall be tried, punished and prosecuted, as though no change had taken\\nplace, until otherwise provided by law.\\nSec 5. A govern(;r and lieutenant governor shall be chosen under the\\nexisting constitution and laws, to serve after the expiration of the term of\\nthe present incumbent.\\nSec. 6. All officers, civil and military, now holding any office or appoint-\\nment, shall continue to hold their respective offices, unless removed by com-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0560.jp2"}, "561": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 547\\npotent authority, until superseded under tlie laws now in force, or under\\nthis constitution.\\nt^ cc. 7. 1 lie members of the senate and house of representatives of the\\nIcirishitiirc oi i;c thousand eight hundred and fifty-one shall continue in\\nofiice, under the provisions of law, until superseded by their successors,\\nelected and qualified under this constitution.\\nSec. 8. All county cfiicers, unless removed by competent authority, shall\\ncontinue to hold their respective (fficcs until the first day of January, in\\nthe year one thousand ei,i;lit hundred and fifty-three. The laws now in force\\nas to the election, (iua]iticati( n, and duties of township officers shall con-\\ntinue in force until the legislature shall, in conformity to the provisions of\\nthis constitution, provide for the holding of elections to fill such offices, and\\nprescribe the duties of .such officers respectively.\\nt cc. 9. On the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hun-\\ndred and filty-two, the terms of ffice of the judges of the supreme court\\nunder existing laws, and of the judges of the county courts, and of the\\nclerks of the sui)nme court, shall expire on the said day.\\naScc. 10. On the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hun-\\ndred and fiity-two, the juiisdiction of all suits and j)roceedings then i)end-\\ning in the present supreme court shall become vested in the supreme court\\nestablished by this constitution, and shall be finally adjudicated by the\\ncourt where the same maybe ]iending. The jurisdiction of all suits and\\nI)roceedings at law and equity, then pending in the circuit courts and county\\ncourts for the several counties shall become vested in the circuit court of\\nthe said counties and district court of the ui)pcr peninsula.\\nSec. 11. The j)robate courts, the courts of justices of the peace, and the\\npolice court authorized by an act entitled an act to establish a police\\ncourt in the city of Detroit, approved Ajiril second, one thousand eight\\nhundred and filty, shall continue to exercise the jurisdiction and powers\\nnow conferred upon them respectively, until otherwise provided by law.\\nSec. 12. The ofiice of State printer shall be vested in the present incum-\\nbent until the exi)iration of the term for which he was elected under the\\nlaw then in force; and all the provisions of the said law relating to his\\nduties, rights, privileges, and compensation, shall remain unimpaired and\\ninviolate until the expiration of his said term of office.\\nSec. It shall be the duty of the legislature, at their first session, to\\nada])t the jn-esent laws to the provisions of this constitution, as far as may be.\\nSec. 14. Tlie attorney general of the State is required to prepare and re-\\nport to the legislature, at the commencement of the next se.\u00c2\u00absion, such\\nchanges and modifications in existing laws as may be deemed necessary to\\nadaj)t the same to this constitution, and as may be best calculated to carry\\ninto effect its provisions and he shall receive no additional compensation\\ntherefor.\\nSec. lij. Any territory attached to any county for judicial purposes, if\\nnot otherwise represented, shall be considered as forming part of such\\ncountv, so far as regards elections fir the purpose of representation.\\n[Sections IG, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21, referring to the mode of voting for\\nthe new constitution, are omitted, not having any direct connection with\\nthe instrument.]\\nSec. 22. Every county except iNIackinaw and Chippewa, entitled to a repre-\\nsentative in the legislature, at the time of the adoption of this constitution,\\nshall continue to be so entitled under this constitution and the county of\\nSaginaw, with the territory that may be attached, shall be entitled to one\\nrepresentative the county of Tuscola, and the territory that may be attach-", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0561.jp2"}, "562": {"fulltext": "548 MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS.\\ned, one representative the county of Sanilac and the territory that may\\nbe attached, one representative; the counties of Midland and Arenac,\\n[Bay,] with the territory that maybe attached, one representative; the\\nciiuiity of Montcalm, with the territory that may be attached thereto, one\\nrepresentative; and the counties of Newaygo and Oceana, with the territory\\nthat may be attached thereto, one representative. Each county having a\\nratio of representation and a fraction over, equal to a moiety of said ratio,\\nshall be entitled to two representatives, and so on above that number, giv-\\ning one additional member for each additional ratio.\\n^Sec. 23. The cases pending and undisposed of in the late court of chan-\\ncery, at tlie time of the adoption of this constituti(ni, shall continue to be\\nheard and determined by the judges of the supreme court. But the legis-\\nlature shall, at its session in one thousand eight hundred and fifty-cme, pro-\\nvide by law for the transfer of said causes tluit may remain undisposed of\\non the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, to\\nthe supreme or circuit court, established by thisconstitutiim, or require that\\nthe same may be heard and determined by the circuit judges.\\nSec. 21. The term of office of the governor and lieutenant governor shall\\ncommence on the first day of January next after their electi(jn.\\nSec. 25. The territory described in the article entitled Upper Peninsula,\\nshall be attached to and constitute a part of the third circuit for the elec-\\ntion of a regent of the university.\\nSec. 26. The legislature shall have authority, after the expiration of the\\nterm of office of the district judge first elected for the upper peninsula, to\\nabolish said office of district judge and district attorney, or either of them.\\nSec. 27. The legislature shall, at its session of one tliousand eight hun-\\ndred and fifty-one, apportion the representatives among the several counties\\nand districts, and divide the State into senate districts, pursuant to the\\nprovisions of this constitution.\\nSec. 28. The terms of office of all State and county officers, of the circuit\\njudges, members of the board of education, and members of the legislature,\\nshall begin on tlie first day of January next succeeding their election.\\nSec. 29. The State, exclusive of the upper peniusuhi,sluvll be divided into\\neight judicial circuits, and the counties of Monroe, Lenawee, and Hillsdale,\\nshall constitute the first circuit; the counties of Branch, St. Joseph, Cass,\\nand Berrien, shall constitute the second circuit; the county of Wayne shall\\nconstitute the third circuit; the counties of Washtenaw, Jackson, and Ing-\\nham, shall constitute the fourth circuit; the counties of Calhoun, Kalama-\\nzoo, Allegan, Eaton, and Van Buren, shall constitute the fifth circuit; [the]\\ncounties of St. Clair, Macomb, Oakland, and Sanilac, shall constitute the\\nsixth circuit; the counties of Lapeer, Genesee, Saginaw, Shiawassee, Liv-\\ningston, Tuscola, and Midland, shall constitute the seventh circuit; and\\nthe counties of Barry, Kent, Ottawa, Ionia, Clinton, and Montcalm shall\\nconstitute the eighth circuit.\\nDone in convention, at the capital of the State, this fifteenth day of\\nAugust, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty, and\\nof the independence of the United States the seventv-fifth.\\nD. GOODWIN, President.\\nAMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.\\nOn the 8th of November, 1870, the people of ^Michigan voted upon the\\nratification of four amendments to the State constitution, as follows Fird,", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0562.jp2"}, "563": {"fulltext": "MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS. 549\\nan ameiulment striking out the word white wherever it occurs in the\\nf)rganic hvw Second, authorizing the board of supervisors of any county\\nto I)orr()W or raise by tax two thousand dollars, for constructing or repair-\\ning public buildings, highways, or bridges, but no greater anaount without\\nthe sanction of the electors of such county; Third, an amendment f)r in-\\ncreasing the salaries of the State executive and judicial officers; and Fourfh,\\nan amendment authorizing the legislature to pass laws establishing certain\\ncharges on the railroads of the State, prohibiting running contracts between\\nrailroad com[)anies with certain discriminations, also prohibiting the con-\\nsolidation of stock, property, or franchises between parallel or competing\\nlines of railroads without due notice to stockholders, and finally, that the\\nlegislature may provide by law for the payment by counties, townships, and\\nmunicipalities of the State, of all bonds or other obligations heretofore\\nissued in aid of railroads, subject to the will of the electors of each county.\\nAs the concluding page of this volume is passing through the press, it is\\nquite impossible to ascertain the official result of the election on these\\namendments; but according to the latest newspaper reports, they have all\\nbeen defeated excepting the two articles, placing railroad tariffs under the\\ncontrol of the legislature, and forbidding the consolidation of competing\\nlines of railroads, and perhaps the amendment on suffrage.", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0563.jp2"}, "564": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0564.jp2"}, "565": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0565.jp2"}, "566": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0566.jp2"}, "567": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0567.jp2"}, "568": {"fulltext": "o c\\n-^t.\\n,^n;-\\nU\\n^N^\\n.s-\\nA\\\\ c\\nJ I\\ns^^\\n,xS^", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0568.jp2"}, "569": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0569.jp2"}, "570": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "1959", "jp2-path": "redbookofmichiga00lanm_0570.jp2"}}