{"1": {"fulltext": "CHICAGO,\\n(^o jf^yoR^d.\\n3AH /7f/\\\\A/c/jr", "height": "3298", "width": "2576", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.\\nSliell -.L-ll.-.-\\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "HON. LEWIS CASS.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN\\nB-2-\\n^vofxxsclvi %llnstv^Ud.\\n1889:\\nCHICAGO, NEW YORK, SAN FRANCISCO.\\nBELFORD, CLARKE CO.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "COPYRIGHT\\n1889.\\nBELFORD, CLARKE CO.\\nI\\nDONOHUE HENNEBERRY,\\nPrinteus and Binders,\\nChicago.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER.\\nI. Early Dis-cov-er-ies of the Northwest,\\nII. The French, the First to Per-ma-nent-ly Settle in the New World,\\nIII. Hoch-e-la-ga,\\nIV. Sam-u-el Champlain,\\nV. Champlain Nearing Mich-i-gan,\\nVI. Ig-na-tius Lo-yo-la, ...__.\\nVII. Jes-u-it Missions,\\nVIII. Dis-cov-er-ies of Mich-i-gan, _\\nIX. Marquette s Mission of Mack-i-naw,\\nX. Dis-cov-er-y of Detroit,\\nXI. How the People of New France Lived,\\nXII. French and English War in A-mer-i-ca, _\\nXIII. Pon-ti-ac s Con-spir-a-cy, --_.__\\nXIV. Mas-sa-cre at Fort Mack-i-naw,\\nXV. Pon-ti-ac s Attack on Detroit,\\nXVI. Mich-i-gan Under British Rule,\\nXVII. Mich-i-gan in the Rev-o-lu-tion-a-ry War,\\nXVIII. Mich-i-gan in the War of i8i 2,\\nXIX. Mich-i-gan a State,\\nXX. Mich-i-gan in the Civil War, _\\nXXI. Prom-i-nent Men and Women of Mich-i-gan, _\\nXXII. Men of Mich-i-gan who have Won Na-tion-al Rep-u-ta-tions,\\nXXIII. About the Pro-duc-tions,Min-er-alWealth,Schools, etc., of Mich-i-gfar", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPAGE.\\nHon. Lewis Cass, Frontispiece.\\nA Farmer s Hut in Winter, 89\\nAn In-di-an A-tone-ment, 64\\nAn In-di-an Fishing En-camp-ment, 15\\nCapture of a White Settler s Wife, 138\\nCath-a-rine Re-veal-ing the Con-spir-a-cy of\\nPon-ti-ac, 115\\nChamplain s Ar-que-buse, 47\\nCo-lum-bus, 8\\nCoureur des Bois, 93\\nDeath of Rasles, 65\\nDe Monts, 34\\nDetroit in 1838, 150\\nDon a-con-a and Cartier, 18\\nEarly Churches, 149\\nEarly Settlers in Mich-i-gan, 135\\nEarly Settlers Going to Mill, 153\\nE. O. Haven, D.D., LL.D., 193\\nExplor-ing Party, 152\\nFrancis I., 12\\nFrench Traders Buying Pelts. 86\\nFort Pont-char-train (Detroit), 84\\nGeorge Wash-ing-ton, _ g8\\nHon. Stephen T. Mason, _ 155\\nHon. Zach-a-ri-ah Chandler, 173\\nHon. George Van Ness Lathrop, 174\\nHon. O. D. Conger, 175\\nHunter at Night, 91\\nIn-di-an Canoe, 19\\nIn-di an Carved Pipe, 28\\nIn di-an Fishing Hook, 25\\nIn-di-an Mode of Bur-i-al, 68\\nIn-di-an Mortar to Pound Corn In, 24\\nIn-di-an Pipes, 71\\nIn-di-ans Dancing on Shore, 21\\nIs-a-bel-la, --10\\nPACE.\\nJacques Cartier, 13\\nJames M. Stanley, 188\\nJohn Jacob Astor, 128\\nJoseph Campeau, 168\\nJudge Bunce, 170\\nLalemant Tied to the Stake, 61\\nLewis Cass, 166\\nMack-i-naw Scen-er-y, 75\\nMap of Can-a da and Mich-i-gan, 23\\nMarquette and Jol-iet Descending the Mis-\\nsis-sip-pi River, 77\\nMon-tre-al in 1760. From an old print, 99\\nMon-u-ment to Rasles, 66\\nOld Campeau House, 124\\ndid Fort Mack-i-naw, 76\\nOld Pear Tree in Detroit, Planted by French\\nSettlers, 95\\nPictures on the Rocks, 78\\nPon-ti-ac, loi\\nPort Royal, 35\\nSoldiers and Sailors Mon-u-ment, 163\\nSports of Early Settlers, 158\\nStage Coach of the Old Days, 154\\nTad-u sac Three Hundred and Fifty Years\\nafter Champlain s Visit, 40\\nThe Battle-Scarred Oak of Tip-pe-ca-noe, 143\\nThe Call to Battle, 45\\nThe Fireplace of our Grand-fathers, 178\\nThe Old Red Mill, 120\\nThe Scalp Dance, 42\\nThe Trapper, 129\\nThe way the Tip-pe-ca-noe Battle Ground\\nLooks To day, 140\\nThomas A. Ed-i-son at His Labors, 181\\nWampum, 69\\nWild Turkies, i* I?", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nEARLY DIS-COV-ER-IES OF THE NORTH-WEST.\\nIf my young friend will take a glance at the map\\nof Mich-i-gan, he will see that on three sides of this\\nState there are large bodies of water water broad\\nand deep enough to sail the largest ships in.\\nNow, the ports of A-mer-i-ca that could be\\nreached by ships were the ports first settled, and\\nthus it was, that the spot upon which Detroit now\\nstands, although a thousand miles from the sea, was\\nvis-it-ed by the French as early as 1610; but three\\nyears after John Smith sailed up the James River, in\\nVir-gin-i-a, and laid out Jamestown, ten years before\\nthe May-flow-er touched the frozen coast of Mass-\\na-chu-setts, and not much more than a hundred years\\nafter Co-lum-bus sailed from Spain westward in search\\nof a short way to In-di-a. I suppose you know that\\nbefore Co-lum-bus set out on his unheard of voyage,\\nin 1492, no ship had ever sailed much more than a\\nthousand miles on any sea or ocean, without being", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCO-LUM-BUS.\\nable to enter some port, if the captain so wished.\\nWhen Co-lum-bus said, therefore, that the earth\\nwas a sphere, and meas-ur-ed only eight thousand\\nmiles around its largest part the\\ne-qua-tor and by sailing west\\nabout two thousand miles, he\\nwould be able to reach In-di-a,\\nhe could not make the people\\nbelieve it, and much less the\\nsailors of Spain.\\nBut when a very learned man\\nliving in Florence, It-a-ly, named\\nTos-ca-nel-li, wrote a letter to\\na Por-tu-gal merchant, saying\\n*Yes, the world was a sphere, and Asia could be\\nreached by sailing westward; then all the men who\\nowned ships began to think about it. At that time,\\nSpain, It-a-ly, Ger-man-y, England and France,\\nwere all new countries as com-par-ed with In-di-a\\nand China, and there were a great many things\\nmade and grown in those countries that the people\\nof the new countries wanted to buy.\\nThe kings, queens, and high dames of Europe,\\nhaving grown rich through many wars and much\\nplunder, de-sir-ed more pearls, diamonds, silks and\\nshawls; the merchants, the spices, fruits and bril-\\nliant dyes of the East, and the trades-work-ers those", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 9\\nbeau-ti-ful and hard woods, the fine i-vo-ry and steel\\nof Asia. They could only get these by sailing over\\nthe Med-i-ter-ra-ne-an Sea, crossing the Isthmus of\\nSuez on the backs of camels, and taking ships again\\nat the head of the Red Sea, sail down and out into\\nthe In-di-an Ocean. This was a long, long journey,\\nand took many months for their ships to go and\\ncome. So, when the merchants and nav-i-ga-tors\\nheard of this shorter way, some wished to try it.\\nCo-lum-bus was the first to make the venture.\\nThe sailors, at that time, thought the ocean to the\\nwest and south of Af-ri-ca a boiling whirlpool, full of\\nall sorts of slimy monsters, sea-fiends, headless men,\\nand hip-po-gryphs (half horse and half griffin), who\\nwere ever upon the watch for some straying vessel to\\nwreck, in order that a fine meal could be made of the\\ncaptain and his crew.\\nYou may, therefore, im-ag-ine what trouble Co-\\nlum-bus would have had to man his three little ships,\\nhad not the good Queen Is-a-bel-la come to his aid,\\nand said, *T will help you. In those days, when a\\nking or queen wanted sailors, they took them whether\\nthey wanted to go, or not. In this way Co-lum-bus\\nse-cur-ed his ninety fright-en-ed sailors for his voy-\\nage. He qui-et-ed their fears before starting from\\nPalos, by telling them, when they had sailed about\\ntwo thousand miles, they would come to one of the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmany islands near the coast of Asia, called the Ante\\nIlos, or Foward Islands.\\nBut, after sailing two thousand miles, and still\\nno land in sight, was it a wonder that these seaman\\nbecame terror stricken, and threat-\\nen-ed to throw Co-lum-bus o-ver-\\nboard, unless he should turn back\\nwhile there was enough in the ships\\nto keep them from starving, until\\nsome Spanish port could be made.\\nBut poor, patient Co-lum-bus had\\nnot worked and waited eis^hteen\\nyears for the op-por-tu-ni-ty to carry\\nout his great design, often without\\nclothes enough to cover his back,\\nor a piece of bread for himself and little boy to eat,\\nto be turned back by the threats and fears of a few\\nig-no-rant sailors.\\nHe kept on, gazing upon that far-off line between\\nthe heavens and the sea, praying and hoping until\\nat last he saw it and when his fleet touched the soil\\nof that blooming isle, which he called San Sal-va-dor\\n(Holy Savior), we must believe Co-lum-bus was a\\nhappy man, and that he did, indeed, fall down and\\nkiss the earth, and bedew it with his tears.\\nHe did not know, how-ev-er, how very near he\\nhad come to a great and new con-ti-nent, but thought\\nIS-A-BEL-LA.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ii\\nthe little island he had landed on, one of those he\\nhad ex-pect-ed to find on the coast of Asia. If he\\nhad only known what we now know, what a happy\\nman he would have been.\\nBut he never knew it. When he re-turn-ed to\\nSpain, the Queen hon-or-ed him with a tri-umph-al\\npro-cess-ion, in which marched the red men he had\\ncap-tur-ed and car-ri-ed back with him, their wrists\\nand ankles bound with golden bands, and car-ry-ing\\nin their hands the bright feathers of trop-ic-al birds\\nfound on the island.\\nCo-lum-bus called these people In-di-ans. He\\nshould have called them Co-lum-bi-ans, as the New\\nWorld ought to have been called Co-lum-bi-a, after\\nits dis-cov-er-er. Do you not think so?\\nCHAPTER H.\\nTHE FRENCH, THE FIRST TO PER-MA-NENT-LY SETTLE IN\\nTHE NEW WORLD.\\nThere was great dis-con-tent in France during\\nthe reign of Francis I., from 1524 to 1547, on ac-\\ncount of the spread of Luther s new re-li-gion, as it\\nwas called. The people quar-rel-led, and as a result", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nf\\ni:^\\na good many suf-fer-ed death for beliefs sake on both\\nsides. This made the people afraid of each other,\\nand wish to move to other countries. Both sides\\nwere de-ter-min-ed to have their side the side the\\nKing should up-\\nhold. Ac-cord-\\ning-ly, when the\\nknowledge of the\\ncon-ti-nent Co-\\nlum-bus had dis-\\ncov-er-ed beran\\nto be cir-cu-lat-ed\\namong the com-\\nmon people, they\\nthought there\\nmight be found a\\nway for them to\\nescape their pres-\\nent troubles, and\\nmake new homes\\nfor themselves in\\nthis New World.\\nYou must al-\\nways bear in mind, though, that for two hundred\\nand fifty years after Co-lum-bus first voyage across\\nthe At-lan-tic, nav-i-ga-tors were sailing from Eu-\\nrope, hoping yet to find this same short rout-e to\\n^ly-\\nFRANCIS I.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^3\\nIn-di-a, which he had hoped to find. The EngHsh\\nsent John Cabot in search of it in 1500, but he did\\nnot find it Then, the French, thirty-four years after,\\nsent out the famous nav-i-ga-tor, Cartier, with a\\ncom-mis-sion from\\nFrancis I., to look\\nev-er-y-where for\\nthis much de-sir-ed\\npassage. He sail-\\ned around New\\nFoundland, saw\\nthe fishing vessels\\non the banks,\\nwhich for some\\nyears had been\\ncoming from Brit-\\ntain-y to fish, and\\nseeing great inlets\\nof water all along\\nthe coast of Maine,\\nhe thought, per-\\nhaps, some of these might be the very thing he was\\nlooking for.\\nThe cold weather of the fall season, how-ev-er,\\ncoming on, Cartier did not think it safe to stay so\\nfar north any longer, and cap-tur-ing an In-di-an boy,\\nturned the prow of his ship toward France.\\nJACQUES CARTIER.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nRe-turn-ing to St. Malo in the fall, he told glow-\\ning stories of his dis-cov-er-ies, and greatly ex-cit-ed\\nhis coun-try-men and the King in favor of aiding him\\nin an-oth-er ex-pe-di-tion.\\nThe next spring, although the country was ad-\\nmitted to belong to Spain, Cartier was re-com-mis-\\nsioned, and set out with three ships the Great\\nHer-mi-nia, the Little Her-mi-nia, and the Her-mer-\\nill-on. All the people of St. Malo a port on the\\nwest coast of France as-sem-bled on the 15th of\\nMay, 1535, to bid the bold captain and his crew\\ngood-bye. The priests blessed them, and their wives\\nand friends kissed them many, many times; some\\nthought, doubtless, for the last time.\\nOut of the harbor, with flying banners and loud\\nhuzzas, sailed the three ven-ture-some ships. When\\nout upon the bil-low-y ocean they cast one fond look\\nto the land they loved, unfurled their sails, and steered\\nwestward toward A-mer-i-ca. The largest ship was\\nonly about the size of a small sloop, and the smallest\\nbut forty tons burden. Think of such a ship on the\\nwild At-lan-tic! No wonder the little tubs rolled,\\nand pitched, and tumbled, upon the white tem-pest-\\nu-ous waves, and that the sailors saw many a sor-\\nrow-ful day in that two-months voyage but at last\\nthe great Gulf was found, and the river leading into\\nit dis-cov-er-ed. Cartier called it, The Gulf and", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "AN IN-DI-AN FISHING EN-CAMP-MENT.\\n15", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "i6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nRiver of St. Lawrence, because he en-ter-ed the\\nfirst on St. Lawrence s day.\\nStill sailing down the great river, in a short time\\nhe reached a narrow part of the stream, and upon\\nthe lower shore, one morning, saw an In-di-an village.\\nAs his vessels sailed up the narrows the In-di-\\nans caught sight of the ships. They had never seen\\na sailing ship, and called these coming toward them,\\nwmo^ed canoes.\\nAfter gazing at these airy things with feelings of\\nwonder and awe, their Chief, Don-a-con-a, sprang\\ninto a birch canoe, and, fol-low-ed by a fleet of twelve\\nothers con-tain-ing twenty braves armed with spears,\\nhe paddled toward the ships. Ten of the canoes\\nre-main-ed a short distance behind, while the Chief\\nad-vanc-ed and asked to know the purpose of Car-\\ntier s visit.\\nBy the aid of the In-di-an boy stolen on the first\\nvisit, the Chief was made to see that the French had\\ncome only on a mission of peace. This was all the\\nChief wished to hear, and Cartier moored his ships\\nto the mouth of the St. Charles River for safe\\nharbor.\\nThe of-fi-cers and crew soon landed, for we can\\nwell believe, after this long and la-bo-ri-ous voyage\\nthey were glad to tread again the solid earth. When\\nthey had looked about a little, ad-mir-ed the native", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^7\\nforests, caught some fish, and killed some wild birds\\nwith their ar-que-bus-es for they must have been\\nvery tired of the salted fare of the ships the Chief,\\nDon-a-con-a, paid them another visit; this time he\\nwas ac-com-pa-ni-ed\\nby five hundred war-\\nri-ors.\\nThe cause of this\\nsecond warlike visit\\nwas soon un-der-\\nstood. Cartier had\\nheard of a larger In-\\ndi-an village only a\\nfew days sail up the\\ngrand river, and\\nDon-a-con-a know-\\ning of his in-tend-ed\\nvisit to this village,\\nand wishing to keep the pale-faces with his tribe\\nhaving, perhaps, then, some idea of trade in his\\nmind was de-ter-min-ed to prevent it. He, no\\ndoubt, thought how many beaver, wol-ver-ine, grey\\nfox and bear-skins, he could exchange with Cartier\\nand his men for some of the fine clothes they had on.\\nStad-a-con-a was the name of his town, and Stad-\\na-con-a was a thriving place in its chief s o-pin-ion.\\nIf, in truth, any gain was to be had from the visit,\\nWILD TURKIES.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "i8\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof these winged ships, he wished his people to\\nhave it. Finding that his army did not impress Car-\\nDON-A-CON-A AND CARTIER.\\ntier with its mil-i-ta-ry im-port-ance, the Chief re-sort-\\ned to an-oth-er plan. Three In-di-answere dressed in", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^9\\nblack-and-white dog-skins, with horns as long as a\\nman s arm at-tach-ed to their heads, their faces black-\\nen-ed, and being put in a canoe were sent drifting\\ntoward Cartier s ships. They were to rep-re-sent the\\nmost ter-ri-ble of all the In-di-an evil spirits. Shriek-\\ning and moaning they floated on until near the ship.\\nIN-DIAN CA-NOE.\\nNow they flung their hairy arms in the air and made\\nall sorts of hid-e-ous noises. Finding Cartier s sail-\\nors were not fright-en-ed to death, as they had ex-\\npect-ed they would be, they paddled back to their\\nwatching chief. When near the shore, the foolish\\nred-skins fell flat upon their faces in the canoe, and\\nwere taken up as stiff as heavy sticks, and car-ri-ed\\naway to the woods. The French could now hear\\nthem la-ment-ing, shouting and clam-or-ing over some", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmournful event which seemed to have hap-pen-ed\\nthem. Some time after, one of the tribe again start-\\ned for Cartier s ships, to warn him of the danger of\\nat-tempt-ing to go any further up the river. One\\nof theirgods, hesaid, **had just vis-it-ed Don-a-con-a,,\\nand told him all sorts of troubles would come upon\\nthe pale faces if their chief per-sist-ed in con-tin-u-ing\\nhis journey. Is not the same practice in fashion\\nnow-a-days between the people of rival towns?\\nWell, Cartier only laughed at their childish play,\\nand or-der-ed his in-ter-pret-er to tell them that their\\ngod was an id-i-ot; that he could do no harm to those\\nwho be-liev-ed in Jesus Christ.\\nWithout more ado, Cartier set sail with his flag-\\nship, on his in-tend-ed tour of dis-cov-er-y, leaving\\nthe two others behind. Before re-en-ter-ing the St.\\nLawrence River, to show the In-di-ans what mighty\\npeople the French were, he or-der-ed sev-er-al shots\\nbe fired from the ships cannon. This was enough\\nto frighten them to death. These forest children\\nthought the earth had indeed cracked open. The\\nsound was louder than any thunder they had ever\\nheard before. They now fully re-al-iz-ed that their\\nChief, Don-a-con-a, and all his tribe, could be sent\\nto their far-away hunting grounds with only a few\\nblows from that frightful im-ple-ment of war. A\\nshow of power often makes seeming friends, and so", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n21\\nit was with Don-a-con-a. He and his tribe made\\nno further ob-jec-tion to Cartier s journey, but bid\\nhim adieu with many bows and grunts and grave\\nlooks.\\nThis pleased the French nav-i-ga-tor, because\\nin leaving the two smallest ships still at anchor in\\nIN-DI-ANS DANCING ON SHORE.\\nthe Charles River, he knew they would be safe. In\\nthe cool Sep-tem-ber weather Cartier sailed up the\\nbeau-ti-ful St. Lawrence River. Day after day he\\nfloated onward, dis-turb-ing with the prow of his litde\\nship the flock of water fowl sporting upon its bosom,\\nnow and then stopping to gather the ripe clusters of\\ngrapes swinging in the bright sunshine on its banks.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nor, at nightfall, lis-ten-ing to the sad notes of the\\nwhip-poor-will, and the many com-plain-ing insects\\nseeking some quiet nook m which to sleep away the\\ndark-en-ed hours of night.\\nWhen near the small lake in the river, now called\\nSt. Peter, about half way from what is now Mon-\\ntre-al, Cartier was o-blig-ed owing to the shal-low-\\nness of the water to leave his flag-ship and take to\\nhis row-boats.\\nReaching a large island in the river he was met\\nby hundreds of In-di-ans, who had heard of his com-\\ning, no doubt, through their swift runners. They\\nwere shouting and dancing with all their might, to\\nshow their pleasure at Cartier s visit they hur-ri-ed\\nout in their canoes, and threw fish and corn mto his\\nboat. When night came on great fires were lighted\\nalong the shore, by which the ship s crew could see\\nthe sav-a-ges dancing. They heard them singing\\nand hal-loo-ing through the whole night long.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nHOCH-E-LA-GA.\\nThe next morning early, dressed in the fashion\\nof Francis First s time, with glis-ten-ing helmet and", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n23\\ncuirass, burn-ish-ed swords and car-ry-ing queer look-\\ning guns in their hands, Cartier and his of-fi-cers\\nlanded, in-tend-ing to visit the village they had seen\\nwhile passing up the river. They were met by an\\nIn-di-an Chief, with a number of his tribe, who\\ngreeted them with marks of profound respect, wished\\nMLWAVKtZ\\nCHlCfiCO\\nto know why they had come to see him, etc. Guid-\\ning the nav-i-ga-tor and his much-be-span-gled men\\nto an open space outside the village a sort of par-\\nley-ing place the Chief, as is done now-a-days,\\nmade a long speech to his vis-it-ors. The speech\\nwas full of wel-com-ing ex-press-ions, and in return\\nfor these Cartier gave them some knives, hatchets,\\nand held out a cross for them to kiss. This the\\nChief did without hes-i-ta-tion.\\nEv-er-y-thing being as it should be, there was no\\nop-po-si-tion to Cartier s further progress, and the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "24\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmarch to the village was begun. He saw fields of\\nripe corn and pumpkins. Corn was the most handy\\ngrain the In-di-ans could have grown, had they known\\nany other. They could bury it on leaving for their\\nlong winter hunts or scalping ex-pe-di-tions, and it\\nwould be just as good on their return as they had\\nleft it. I don t know what the In-di-ans would have\\ndone without their corn.\\nUpon nearing the vil-\\nlage Cartier saw it was\\nsur-round-ed by upright\\nlogs placed close to-geth-\\ner, which the French call-\\ned pal-i-sades. It was\\nmade of high trees, half\\nburnt off, and then hewn\\ndown with their stone\\naxes. These logs were dragged to the place where\\nthe pal-i-sades were to be built. Holes were dug\\ndeep in the ground, and these logs set in three rows\\nall around the village. Those on the outside and\\ninside in-clin-ed toward their tops, and were fas-\\nten-ed to the upright middle ones by strong braces.\\nPlatforms were laid upon these braces upon which\\nwere laid great piles of round stones, to be used as\\nmissiles when at-tack-ed by other tribes. When we\\nthink what poor tools these sav-a-ges had to work\\nIN-DI-AN MORTAR TO POUND CORN IN.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n25\\nwith, we must suppose it took them a long, long\\ntime to complete such a for-ti-fi-ca-tion.\\nThrough a narrow o-pen-ing in the pal-i-sades\\nCartier and his men en-ter-ed the village. The\\nhouses within were about fifty in number, shaped like\\nan gg, and built of bent poles cov-er-ed with the\\nbark of trees.\\nSome of these\\nhouseswere i 50\\nfeet long and i 5\\nfeet wide, many\\nfam-i-lies living\\nin one house.\\nFires were\\nfound ev-er-y\\nfew feet apart,\\nwhere the dif-fer-ent fam-i-lies warmed themselves,\\nand cooked their fish and game. There was no\\nquar-rel-ling about places, food or clothing, we must\\nbelieve, in such a house, and that all worked and\\nlived to help each other. Their home-life was very\\npeace-a-ble. The houses were built around an open\\nspace, or as we should call it, a little park or com-\\nmon. Cartier and his men were here met by all the\\nIn-di-ans, squaws and children within the in-clo-sure.\\nThey shouted and jumped about in the wildest way.\\nSome of the women came up shyly and touched the\\nIN-DI-AN FISH-HOOK.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof-fi-ccrs mustaches and beards, and laughed a little.\\nThey were beside themselves with cu-ri-os-i-ty. H ad\\nthese dazzhng creatures dropped from the sun?\\nHow they ad-mir-ed them!\\nWhen as-sur-ed, from careful ex-am-in-a-tion, that\\nthey were, indeed, made of flesh and blood as they\\nwere, and could talk and eat and drink as they did,\\nmats were brought by the squaws and the pale-faces\\nwere told to seat themselves. Four In-di-ans soon\\nap-pear-ed bearing their aged Chief upon a deer-skin,\\nand placed him upon the ground at Cartier s feet.\\nTaking from his head a chaplet of por-cu-pine quills\\nbound with red, the old Chief handed it to the\\nFrench of-fi-cer as a token of his tribe s friend-li-ness.\\nCartier ac-cept-ed the gift with many thanks.\\nIn a few minutes all the lame, blind, sick and\\ninfirm In-di-ans in the village, were brought to Car-\\ntier to be touched, or to be given med-i-cine to cure\\nthem. Of course, he could not have cured them\\nall had he had the med-i-cine chest of the ship with\\nhim, but he thought, no doubt, the next best thing to\\ndo was to read a chapter in the Bible, and this he\\ndid they seeming to listen after which he showed\\nthem all how to make the sign of the cross. This\\ncer-e-mo-ny they did not then un-der-stand, but in\\nafter years they were all taught its sym-bol-ic mean-\\ning by the mis-sion-a-ry priests.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ^7\\nWhen about to leave Hoch-e-la-ga the name of\\ntheir village the French war trum-pet-er blew a\\nloud blast upon his bugle, which caused the In-di-ans\\nthe greatest a-maze-ment. The French were pressed\\nto remain with their tribe, gifts of corn, beans and\\nfish being of-fer-ed them in a-bun-dance. In leavmg\\nthe village, through the same narrow o-pen-ing. Car-\\ntier and his men were fol-low-ed by a throng of wo-\\nmen and children. He gave them presents, and then\\nset about ex-plor-ing the island upon which Hoch-e-\\nla-ga stood. As-cend-ing the high mountain just\\nback of the village, Cartier was pleased with the view,\\nand named the site MonURoyal, now called Mon-\\ntrp-al\\nWhen Cartier re-turn-ed to Stad-a-con-a he found\\na fort had been e-rect-ed at the mouth of the St.\\nCharles, by his men left behind.\\nWinter soon o-ver-took the voy-a-gers, and such\\na winter as they had never dreamed of; for how\\ncould the dwellers of Sunny France im-ag-ine men\\nwould wish to oc-cu-py a country where they would\\nbe com-pell-ed to wear the heav-i-est blankets seven\\nmonths in the year; where their ships were cov-er-ed\\nwith ice and could not move from their moonngs;\\nwhere the snow was waist deep no game to be found\\nnear enough to kill no fish to be caught, and noth-\\nino- but salt meat to eat! As the lonely hours of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "2S\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe winter passed slowly away, many of the crew\\ngrew sick with that ter-ri-ble disease called scurvy.\\nA great many died.\\nOne day Cartier was walking along the river\\nwhen he met an In-di-an whom he knew had been\\nsick with the same disease, but had now, it ap-pear-\\ned, re-cov-er-ed. He m-quir-ed what had cured him,\\nand found the rem-e-dy to be the branches of the\\nspruce tree,\\nmade into a\\nstrong tea.\\nThe French\\nsoon had gal-\\nlons of this tea\\nboiling, and\\nbegan to drink\\nit that very day by the quart. They were all\\nhelped, and when spring had thawed out Cartier s\\nthree ships, he began to think about re-turn-ing to\\nFrance. But what should he say? He could not\\nsay he had found the route to In-di-a, nor that the\\nearth he had seen was full of gold, or that diamonds\\nlay shining along the shores of its streams. This\\nwas what the King and the people who would come\\nto welcome him would expect to hear.\\nThe next best thincf he could do would be to\\ngrat-i-fy their cu-ri-os-i-ty by showing them a li\\\\^e\\nIN-Dl-AN CARVED PIPE.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 2^\\nchief with a troop of his braves. Ac-cord-ing-ly,\\nDon-a-con-a and ten of his tribe were lured into the\\nfort, when they were seized by the French soldiers,\\ntaken to the ships, and car-ri-ed off to Europe.\\nFive years after, in 1541, an-oth-er man, a no-\\nble-man named de la Rogue, but called Sieur de\\nRo-ber-val, after his estate, gained per-mis-sion of the\\nKing to spend his own money in fitting out an-oth-er\\nex-pe-di-tion to New France, as they called the coun-\\ntry Cartier had vis-it-ed. He was given the title of\\nLord of Hoch-e-la-ga, Can-a-da, Sag-u-en-ay, New\\nFoundland, Lab-ra-dor, and many other places, by\\nthe King, although there was not a white man to\\nrule over in his whole domain. He had five ships,\\nand as the sailors who had been with Cartier told\\nsuch ter-ri-ble stories about that cold, icy country,\\nRo-ber-val was com-pell-ed to visit the prisons of\\nFrance to find men willing to man his ships and help\\nmake up his col-o-ny. The brave Cartier was again\\nchosen to command the ex-pe-di-tion. He waited a\\nwhole year for the ships to be put in order, and at\\nthe end of this time, finding some of the cannon had\\nnot been put aboard, sailed with only a part of the\\nfleet, leaving Ro-ber-val to follow when he was\\nready.\\nWhen Cartier again reached Stad-a-con-a now\\ncalled Quebec and was o-blig-ed to tell the In-di-ans", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "so HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe had not brought back their Chief, Don-a-con-a,\\nand his war-ri-ors, the In-di-ans had a great mind\\nnot to let Cartier land, and told him as much; so he\\nthought it best to sail up the river some distance,\\nwhen he stopped at a point of land he called Cape\\nRouge. He built a fort here and named the place\\nCharlesbourg. Then he went up to Hoch-e-la-ga,\\nand there spent the winter, and then an-oth-er win-\\nter, always looking for Ro-ber-val and his ships to\\ncome with clothing and pro-vis-ions for his fam-ish-\\ning men. But they did not come, and Cartier, dis-\\ncour-aged and angry, set sail for France. When\\nputting into the harbor, now known as St. John s, he\\nmet his old friend and patron, Ro-ber-val, but would\\nnot return with him to Stad-a-con-a. He was so\\nangry that he slipped off in the night and sailed for\\nFrance. It would take too long and require too\\nmany pages to tell you of the other ad-ven-tur-ers, as\\nthey called these men in those days though they\\ndid not mean what we now mean by the word\\nwho sailed from France to the north of North\\nA-mer-i-ca,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n31\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nSAM-U-EL CHAMPLAIN.\\nFrom the time of Cartier s dis-cov-er-ies, how-\\nev-er, down to about 1600, very few ex-pe-di-tions\\nwere sent out from Europe to A-mer-i-ca, because\\nthe Spanish claimed the\\nwhole country. The Pope\\nof Rome sanc-tion-ing this\\nclaim, the Cath-o-lic kings\\nof England and France\\nre-frain-ed from in-ter-fer-\\ning with this right.\\nBut the few years be-\\nfore 1600, are known in\\nhis-to-ry as the years of\\ngreat com-mer-cial ac-tiv-\\ni-ty. Great com-pa-nies\\nwere formed for trade, and\\nthe purchase and set-tle-\\nment of distant lands.\\nThe four Kings who helped these com-pa-nies, were\\nthose of England, France, Holland and Spain.\\nThe Spaniards spent some years in the New\\nWorld hunting for gold and precious stones; the\\nHol-land-ers came to trade with the natives; the\\nSAM-U-EL CHAMPLAIN.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "j2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPor-tu-guese to capture the In-di-ans for slaves; the\\nEngUsh to supply themselves with to-bac-co, and\\nthe French to catch fish, and find cheaper furs for\\ntheir ar-ti-sans. The Spaniards kept to the south of\\nthe country, the English and Hol-land-ers to the\\nmiddle, while the French con-fin-ed themselves to\\nthe north and northwest. The mind of all Europe\\nwas fixed upon the New World at this time.\\nIn the year i 588, there was a great quarrel going\\non in France between Henry III. and Henry of\\nNavarre a Pro-test-ant Prince, and af-ter-ward\\nHenry IV., the first King of the House of Bourbon.\\nWell, Henry III. was killed, and Henry of Na-\\nvarre was told by the pow-er-ful nobles in France, if\\nhe would become a Cath-o-lic he could be made King\\nof their country, and he con-sent-ed. At the close\\nof the war, a Pilot-Gen-er-al of France was told to\\ntake back the ships to Spain, which had been sent\\nto assist Henry of Navarre in his claims to the\\nFrench throne. This Pilot-Gen-er-al had a nephew\\nby the name of Champlain, who knew all about\\nman-ag-ing a ship. He was told to take one of these\\nships to Mex-i-co, the Spaniards then being masters\\nof the country.\\nWhile upon this voyage the young nav-i-ga-tor\\nfound out just what he was fit for. He could sail a\\nship, govern men, and write for the in-struc-tipn of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. jj\\nthe hungry world about the things he had seen.\\nWhen he re-turn-ed to France from Mex-i-co he had\\nall the in-for-ma-tion the people craved, written out\\nin a book, with maps and other aids to its clearness.\\nIn 1603, Henry IV., who had been as-sist-ed in\\none of his battles by a no-ble-man named Aymar de\\nChastes, gave him the sole per-mis-sion to go and\\ntrade with the In-di-ans of New France. Two ship\\nloads of men were eas-i-ly found to go, as it had been\\nsixty-eight years since Cartier, on his return, had\\nsaid, There was nothing there but ice and sav-\\na-ges.\\nNow, as there are always places for men in this\\nworld who are pre-par-ed to fill them, who do you\\nthink of all the sea-far-ing men of Western France,\\nwas chosen to command this im-port-ant ex-pe-di-\\ntion?\\nSam-u-el Champlain\\nHe was born at a small town near the great sea-\\nport of Rochelle, in 1567. His father was a sea-\\ncaptain but his son Sam-u-el had not only served\\nhis ap-pren-tice-ship on the sea, but he had also been\\nin the army of France.\\nWhen Champlain s ships sailed up the St. Law-\\nrence in 1603, guided by Cartier s charts, the In-di-an\\nvillages ofStad-a-con-a(or Quebec), and Hoch-e-la-ga\\n(or Mont-Royal), had dis-ap-pear-ed. Not a pal-i-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nsade was left standing to show where they had once\\nstood.\\nA stragghng tribe told him of many tribes of In-\\ndi-ans to the far west of the great lakes and a great\\nriver, upon which they made their homes.\\nNo doubt, Champlain now thought he was in the\\nway of finding that long-sought for route to In-di-a;\\nbut as he had little idea\\nof the coldness of the cli-\\nmate, his men all suf-\\nfer-ed se-vere-ly for the\\nwant of warm clothing.\\nWhen he re-turn-ed to\\nFrance in the spring, to\\nbuy the things people\\nwould need to settle in\\nCan-a-da, he found De\\nChastes, his patron, had\\ndied. Now, he must find\\nsome one else who had\\nmoney to spend in such\\nan en-ter-prise. He soon\\nfound him. His name\\nwas De Monts. He was a man of many honors,\\nand the King of France gave him all the land north\\nof what is now Penn-syl-va-ni-a, for his col-o-ny. He\\ncalled it A-ca-dia. He was to reap the profits of all\\nDE MONTS.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n35\\nthe fur trading in this large stretch of country. No-\\nbody else was to be al-low-ed to shoot even a mus-\\nquash. Of course there were other men who wished\\nto trade, and so De Monts thought the eas-i-est way\\nout of the dif-fi-cul-ty was to take them into his com-\\npa-ny.\\nThe two ships were filled with all sorts of people,\\nfrom a baron down to a prison convict. They sailed\\nin April, 1604, and as the climate of the St. Law-\\nrence was thought too cold for real settlers, the south-\\nern course was taken, and the first land they touched\\nwas Nova Scotia. Here De Monts found a ship\\nload of furs, and as he and his com-pa-ny had the\\nonly\\nright\\nto shoot\\nand trade\\nwith the\\nIn-di-ans,\\nhe took the\\nship, skins,\\npro-vis-ions\\nand all, and\\nmade the\\ntraders work\\nPORT ROYAL.\\nThat s the way the grand\\nThe ships en-ter-ed the Bay\\nof Funday, and finding a safe harbor the men landed.\\nThe landscape was so beau-ti-ful and all seemed so\\nfor him\\nlords did in those days.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nsunny and in-vit-ing, that one of the gen-tle-men,\\nname Pou-trin-court, asked De Monts to grant the\\nspot to him. The Gov-ern-or was only too glad to\\ndo so. Pou-trin-court named the harbor and site,\\nPort Royal. Of course, among people of such a\\ndif-fer-ence in birth, there was a great dif-fer-ence\\nin their ways of life. There were men who had\\nnever worked and men who had always worked\\nthere were men who knew very much and men\\nwho knew almost nothing; there were Cath-o-lic\\npriests and Hu-gue-nots in this little col-o-ny, and\\nthere was much quar-rel-ing among them. For ex-\\nam-pie: One day in cruising about the Island of\\nNova Scotia, some of the men took a small boat and\\nlanded at the southern end of the Pe-nin-su-la of\\nNova Scotia. After spending the day strolling\\nthrough the forest, when night came on and they\\nwere ready to return to the ship, a young priest who\\nhad ac-com-pa-ni-ed them was no where to be found.\\nThey im-me-di-ate-ly ac-cus-ed a Hu-gue-not of the\\nparty of kill-ing him, and, although the poor man\\nstaunchly de-ni-ed it, all be-liev-ed him the mur-der-\\ner, and left for the ship.\\nThe young priest being tired and thirsty, it\\nseemed, had stopped in his rambling to drink at a\\nbubbling spring, and laying down his sword ev-er-y\\nman but a la-bor-er wore a sword in those times", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. jy\\nhad gone away and for-got-ten it. Re-turn-ing to\\nfind it, he had lost his way. All night he wan-der-ed\\nabout in the lonesome woods, shouting in vain to his\\ncom-pan-ions. Was he, indeed, to be left here to\\ndie of star-va-tion, or worse yet, to be torn to pieces\\nby wild beasts\\nSixteen days had passed when one of the men\\nin-form-ed an of-fi-cer of the ship that he had seen\\nsomething that looked just like silver in the rocks on\\nthe shore, and would like to go back and take a\\nsecond look at them. Per-mis-sion was given. Their\\nboat had hardly been fas-ten-ed to a rock on the shore\\nwhen a low, sad sound was heard. Going to the spot\\nfrom whence it came, they found the poor priest just\\nalive, his body re-duc-ed to a skel-e-ton. Taking him\\nup gently, they car-ri-ed him to the ship, and in a few\\nweeks he was walking about again, to the great de-\\nlight of the Hu-gue-not, who, until the priest s rescue,\\nwas, in truth, con-sid-er-ed his mur-der-er.\\nAt last it was de-cid-ed to start the col-o-ny on a\\nsmall island at the mouth of the St. Croix River, the\\npresent boun-da-ry line between Maine and the Brit-\\nish Do-min-ion. A fort and bat-ter-yfor placing the\\ncannon was built, a town laid out, with a square in\\nthe middle, and a large house e-rect-ed for the Lord\\nof the country, Sieur de Monts. Champlain and\\nan-oth-er of-fi-cer also built themselves a house. The", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "j8 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nsoldiers and sailors soon fin-ish-ed a long, barn-like\\nbuilding, where they could dance and sing in bad\\nweather, and then they went to work on a powder\\nmag-a-zine, the com-mand-er keeping them busy\\nthrough the winter to keep them from freezing to\\ndeath, or dying of home-sickness. The town was\\ncalled L Hab-it-a-tion de St. Croix.\\nThe winter was so severe that the wine and cider\\nbrought from France, had to be cut with a hatchet.\\nThe driftinof ice between the island and the main\\nland, pre-vent-ed them from getting suf-fi-cient wood,\\nand cold and home-sick they began to grow re-al-ly\\nsick. Before spring, out of the sev-en-ty-nine men\\ntaken from France, thirty-five had died; so that the\\nlittle graveyard of the Hab-it-a-tion de St. Croix\\nheld almost as many col-o-nists as their wintry ships.\\nDe Monts, and all that were left, were heart-i-ly\\nsick of the site chosen for the set-tle-ment, and as\\nsoon as a ship could get out of the bay, himself,\\nChamplain, and sev-er-al others, with an In-di-an\\nguide, set out in search of an-oth-er spot. They\\ncruised along the coast of Maine for two months but\\nfinding no more in-vit-ing place, re-turn-ed to Port\\nRoyal, Pou-trin-court s harbor, and de-cid-ed to move\\nev-er-y-thing from the Hab-it-a-tion de St. Croix\\nto Port Royal. To be in read-i-ness for the next\\nwinter, ev-er-y-bod-y was set im-me-di-ate-ly at work.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. jg\\nThis set-tle-ment was the be-gin-ning of the\\nA-ca-dia, which fur-nish-ed the poet Long-fel-low\\nwith the story of E-van-ge-hne. It was planned\\nand car-ri-ed out after the great seign-eu-ri-al orders\\nof Europe a lord being given a do-min-ion, of-fi-\\ncers, men and workmen, to found a little kingdom in\\nthe New World, just like his master s over the water.\\nAlthough this set-tle-ment was made upon a royal\\nplan, it did not flourish as well as the set-tle-ment\\nmade by the Pilgrims a few years later, at Plymouth,\\nMass-a-chu-setts.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nCHAMPLAIN NEARING MICH-I-GAN.\\nI suppose you think it about time we were get-\\nting to Mich-i-gan, but you must re-mem-ber, in those\\ndays, a thousand miles was a greater distance, and\\ntook more time to travel it than it does now to go\\naround the world twenty-five thousand miles. So\\nI must ask you to con-tin-ue to follow the French\\nsoldier, nav-i-ga-tor, mis-sion-a-ry and statesman, up\\nthe St. Lawrence River, on his voy-a-ges of dis-\\ncov-er-y.\\nA-ca-dia had not proven en-tic-ing enough to", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nkeep Champlain there. He wished to know more\\nabout the great northwest about that passage to\\nIn-di-a! To France he had gone for men and ships\\nto aid him, for you must know an ex-pe-di-tion of\\ndis-cov-er-y costs a great deal of money, and the ex-\\npense is gen-er-al-ly borne by a com-pa-ny. Cham-\\nplain seems to have had the courage to ask for what\\ntad-u-sac, three hundred and fifty years after\\nchamplain s visit.\\nhe needed, and always for-tu-nate in finding num-\\nbers of persons who be-liev-ed in his cause, to the\\nextent of fur-nish-ing him with all the money he\\nwanted. Two ships were fitted out, and the un-\\ndaunt-ed ex-plor-er set sail from Honfleur, April,\\n1608. Over the At-lan-tic he went with all speed,\\nsteering his ships again for the Gulf of St. LawTcnce.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nPassing Tad-u-sac, where a few In-di-ans fished in\\nsummer, he reached a point of land shaded by large\\nwalnut trees, and where many wild grape-vines hung\\nfrom the dead branches of maple trees, and he de-\\ncid-ed to start his set-tle-ment here.\\nThe In-di-ans of Cartier s time called it Stad-a-\\ncon-a; they now called if Quibo, or Quebec sup-\\npos-ed to mean, ^narrows in the river. Here he built\\na fort of logs, high up on a cliff, and dug a moat\\ninclosing three houses. He laid out a garden, in\\nwhich he planted ev-er-y kind of veg-e-ta-ble then\\neaten in France. He, also, started a small vineyard,\\nand set out rose-bushes about his log-house door.\\nWhen not oth-er-wise eri-gag-ed, he was found work-\\ning in his garden. Outside of the moat he com-\\npell-ed the sailors and his men to clear a piece of\\nground, upon which they sowed wheat, rye and\\nbarley. Thus, you see, that Champlain was a true\\ncol-o-niz-er, as well as soldier and sailor. He ex-\\nper-i-ment-ed with the soil to see what could be best\\ngrown in that cold climate, while most of the other\\nmen who had been granted great patents of land,\\nonly thought of what could be taken out of the coun-\\ntry to sell in France. They traded with the In-di-\\nans, and only thought of making themselves com-\\nfort-a-ble while com-pell-ed to stay in the New World.\\nThis was the third per-ma-nent set-tle-ment made in", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe New World Port Royal in 1604, Jamestown,\\nby the English, in 1607. Champlain thought by\\nchris-tian-iz-ing the In-di-ans, and making them in-\\ndus-tri-ous and kind-hearted, he would have no en-e-\\nmies to bar his pro-gress to the far-off lakes of which\\nTHE SCALP DANCE.\\nhe had heard, and where he still hoped to find that\\nwater passage to In-di-a! To further this end, he\\nmade friends with the In-di-ans, and when two tribes,\\nthe Hurons and Al-gon-quins, wished him to aid", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ^j\\nthem in giving battle to the I-ro-quois, their most\\nter-ri-ble en-e-mies, he will-ing-ly con-sent-ed.\\nThis queer battle I must tell you about, because\\nit was the first fought in the country north of Flor-i-da,\\nin which some of the con-tend-ing In-di-an tribes\\nwere helped by white men.\\nOn the 28th of May, 1609, after wit-ness-ing a\\nmag-nif-i-cent war-dance en-gag-ed in by the Hurons\\nand Al-gon-quins, Champlain sailed down the St.\\nLawrence in his shallop, with twelve men, all armed\\nwith ar-que-bus-es, his small boat fol-low-ed by twenty-\\nfour canoes, con-tain-ing sixty In-di-an war-ri-ors.\\nCrossing Lake St. Peter, in the St. Lawrence River,\\nthey en-ter-ed the Rich-e-lieu River, and sailed along\\nits wooded shores, the In-di-ans stopping on the way\\nto hunt and fish to supply their daily food. The In-\\ndi-ans, unlike our modern war-ri-ors, did not en-cum-\\nber themselves with a lux-u-ri-ous com-mis-sa-ry de-\\npart-ment. It must have been a funny ex-pe-ri-ence\\nfor Champlain, who had seen battles fought in\\nFrance, where armies, ac-com-pa-ni-ed by martial\\nmusic, marched in solid masses to attack their en-e-\\nmies, to see these naked war-ri-ors darting through\\nthe woods to spear a deer, or sitting upon the river s\\nbank with a bone fish-hook sup-ply-ing themselves\\nwith a trout breakfast. Thus they passed the month\\nof June; but, after en-ter-ing the basm con-tam-ing the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nnu-mer-ous islands at the head of the lake to which\\nChamplain, at this time, gave his name, he grew im-\\npa-tient at these long delays, and sailed on with his\\nshallop without his savage army. Hearing the roar-\\ning of water he landed, and passing along the shore\\nsoon saw the white foam of a dan-ger-ous water-fall.\\nHe saw he could not pass it with his small ship, and\\nre-turn-ing, scolded the In-di-ans roundly, through\\nan in-ter-pret-er, for de-ceiv-ing him. But im-ag-ine\\nChamplain s pleasure and surprise, when he saw\\ntwenty-four of these stalwart fellows, each take a\\ncanoe upon his head, and with a bound, start through\\nthe forest to find a spot beyond the falls where it\\nwould be safe to re-im-bark. Fol-low-ing them, with\\nhis gun, Champlain and his men were at the landing\\nsome time after the In-di-ans. When they had en-\\nter-ed the lake again they thought it dan-ger-ous to\\nrow in the daytime; so it was de-cid-ed to sleep days\\nand sail nights. Champlain says, they lolled under\\nthe shady forest trees, smoking, telling funny stories,\\nand cooking their fish and game during the day; but\\nas soon as the sun had sunk behind the hills, they\\nleaped into their canoes and rode down the lake as\\nfast as their paddles could fly. One night, after\\npassing what is now called Crown Point, they spied\\na large flo-til-la of canoes, which they soon found out\\nbe-long-ed to the I-ro-quois. As soon as these two", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n45\\nIn-di-an navies had dis-cov-er-ed each other, they all\\nstood up in their canoes, and set up the most hid-e-\\nous war-cries. All night they hal-loo-ed, ban-ter-ed.\\nTHE CALL TO BATTLE.\\nand boasted of their\\na-bil-i-ty to de-mol-ish\\neach other, just as ar-\\nmies do now-a-days.\\nBut the I-ro-quois num-\\nber-ed over two hundred, while Champlain s forces,\\nFrench and In-di-ans to-geth-er, were not over sev-\\nen-ty.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "46 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nDuring the night the I-ro-quois landed a part of\\ntheir men, whom Champlain could see throwing up\\nbreast-works, behind which to hide themselves when\\nthe battle should begin. By daylight all the I-ro-\\nquois had landed, and lashing their canoes to-geth-er\\nwith wythes, they were ready for the attack, as soon\\nas the sun should rise. Champlain and his of-fi-cers\\nnow dressed themselves in the long stockings, short\\nskirt, steel breast-plate, back-piece, and the plumed\\nhats of the French of-fi-cers uniform of the pe-ri-od.\\nFrom a band crossing the breast was sus-pend-ed\\ngood-sized am-mu-ni-tion boxes, while from their\\nsides hung each his trusty sword.\\nLoading his ar-que-buse with four balls, Cham-\\nplain or-der-ed his French crew to keep hidden in\\nthe bottom of their canoes until he called upon them\\nfor action.\\nThe Hurons and Al-gon-quins, under the com-\\nmand of an In-di-an Chief, landed at some distance\\nfrom the breast-works of the I-ro-quois. This was a\\nsignal for the I-ro-quois to come out and give them\\nbat-tie. They ad-vanc-ed, says Champlain, with\\na coolness and stead-i-ness, which ex-cit-ed his ad-\\nmi-ra-tion.\\nThe Hurons and Al-gon-quins now called for\\nChamplain in loud cries, at the same time o-pen-ing\\ntheir ranks for him to pass to the front. When the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n47\\nl-ro-quols saw the glis-ten-Ing steel armor, plumed\\ncasque, sword and ar-que-buse of Champlain and his\\nmen, they stared at them in mute a-maze-ment; but\\nwhen the com-mand-er raised his gun, and a chief\\nfell dead, and at the second shot an-oth-er, and an-\\noth-er, the I-ro-quois, thinking an evil spirit had\\nCHAMPLAIN S AR-QUE-BUSE.\\nde-scend-ed from the clouds to aid their en-e-mies,\\nfired a volley of arrows into their ranks, after which,\\nswiftly turning about, they fled in ev-er-y di-rec-tion.\\nThe Hurons and Al-gon-quins fol-low-ed, killing\\nev-er-y I-ro-quois they could not catch and an In-\\ndi-an had rather be killed outright, in those times,\\nthan be taken, because he then es-cap-ed being tort-\\nur-ed and burnt alive.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThe vic-to-ry was complete, and Champlain s\\nwon-cler-ful gun had gained it The alhes took the\\ncanoes, weapons, and ev-er-y-thing be-Iong-ing to the\\nI-ro-quois, and after a great cel-e-bra-tion, in which\\na pris-on-er was cru-el-ly burnt ahve very much\\nagainst Champlain s en-treat-ies all re-turn-ed to\\ntheir homes, thinking the brave white face the\\ngreatest and best being that had ever vis-it-ed the\\nearth.\\nAfter this vic-to-ry, Champlain per-mit-ted one of\\nhis men, named Nich-o-las de Viguan, to ac-com-\\npany the Hurons to their homes at the foot of the\\nGeor-gi-an Bay. He heard no more of him until\\nnearly three years after, when, being in Paris in the\\nin-ter-est of his little col-o-ny, he was in-form-ed that\\nMonsieur de Viguan had re-turn-ed to France, and\\nmore than that, had made the most val-u-a-ble dis-\\ncov-er-y of all the nav-i-ga-tors sent out of Europe.\\nHe in-form-ed the court of-fi-cials that he was, in-\\ndeed, the most worthy of all the ex-plor-ers for,\\nsaid he, I have found the source of the Ot-ta-wa\\nRiver to be a great lake, which, after crossing, I en-\\nter-ed an-oth-er large river flowing north. De-scend-\\nIng this river I came to the sea-shore, where I saw\\nthe wreck of an English ship rotting at the water s\\nedge; the crew having es-cap-ed, doubtless, only to\\nbe tom-a-hawk-cd by the In-di-ans; and this sea was", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ^g\\nonly sev-en-teen days, by canoe, from Mon-tre-al.\\nThis was happy news to Champlain. At last, the\\ngreat water passage to In-di-a had been found!\\nChamplain was urged, by the court, to set sail\\nim-me-di-ate-ly, as ships and money were at his ser-\\nvice. This was just what he had longed to do.\\nRe-turn-ing to Quebec, Champlain, with de Vi-\\nguan, an In-di-an guide, and three Frenchmen to\\nhelp paddle, em-bark-ed in two small birch canoes\\nfor this North Sea. En-ter-ing the Ot-ta-wa River\\nthey sailed until the swift rapids of Car-ill-on and\\nLong-Sault stopped their course. Now they were\\no-blig-ed to walk along the shore holding their canoes\\nby a strong cord. Champlain s arm was almost bro-\\nken in trying to keep the canoe from going off in\\nthe strong current.\\nFor days they paddled and paddled, and car-ri-ed\\ntheir canoes over the port-a-ges, Champlain hardly\\nstopping to rest, so anxious was he to see this great\\nnorthern ocean, which dis-cov-er-y was to change the\\nwhole commerce of the world. Fre-quent-ly his men\\nplanted great crosses of white cedar along the river s\\nbank, for Champlain was a very good Cath-o-lic, and\\nwished to have all the In-di-ans brought into the true\\nCath-o-lic church. After ex-pe-ri-enc-ing great dan-\\nger they ar-riv-ed at the country of the Al-gon-quins,\\nthe allies of the Hurons. This spot is about half", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nway from the mouth of the Ot-ta-wa to Lake Nip-\\nis-sing. Landing, they were sur-round-ed by the\\nIn-di-ans, and a solemn feast was given Champlain\\nby the wel-com-ing Chief, Tes-sau-at. After smok-\\ning awhile, Champlain asked for guides and four\\ncanoes to take him to the country of the Nip-is-sings.\\nThe Chief looked sad, and re-pli-ed\\nThey will kill you!\\nBut Champlain as-sur-ed them he was not afraid\\nthat de Viguan had been there, and did not find this\\ntribe *so cruel\\nNich-o-las, ex-claim-ed the as-ton-ish-ed Chief,\\nturning to de Viguan, did you say you had been\\nto the Nip-is-sings?\\nYes, re-pli-ed Nich-o-las, coolly; I have been\\nthere.\\nHere-up-on the In-di-ans cried out all to-geth-er\\n**You are a liar!\\n**You know very well, added the Chief, that\\nyou slept here among my children ev-er-y night, and\\nrose again ev-er-y morning; and then quickly point-\\ning to Champlain, he con-tin-u-ed *He ought to\\nkill you with tortures worse than those with which\\nwe kill our en-e-mies.\\nThe weary and heart-sore Champlain, at this, was\\nstruck dumb with a-maze-ment. He took de Vi-\\nguan aside, and said sor-row-ful-ly *Tf you have", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 5/\\nde-ceiv-ed me, confess it now, and the past shall be\\nfor-giv-en you. But, persist, and you shall be hanged\\nif what you have said is not the truth. Falling\\nupon his knees, the trembling culprit begged for\\nmercy. Although Champlain was in a rage, and\\nor-der-ed the fal-si-fi-er from his presence, he vis-it-ed\\nupon him no further pun-ish-ment.\\nDis-ap-point-ed and thor-ough-ly mor-ti-fied, Cham-\\nplain joined a fleet of forty canoes bound for Que-bec\\non a trading ex-pe-di-tion, and reached his small col-\\no-ny about the middle of June, so thin and jaded\\nthat his Lieu-ten-ant, whom he had put in command\\nduring his absence, hardly knew him. He was\\nalmost a-sham-ed to meet the of-fi-cers of the court\\nin France again, after his failure to find the road to\\nChina; but go he must, for his col-o-ny needed many\\nthings they could not find in the wil-der-ness.\\nWhile Champlain was in France he told the\\npeople how much the In-di-ans needed in-struc-tion\\nin re-li-gion, and how their ad-vance-ment in civ-il-i-\\nza-tion would help the fur trade of France. His\\nappeal for money to buy the vestments, the candles\\nand or-na-ments for the altars which were to be\\ne-rect-ed in his far-off chapels, was an-swer-ed on the\\nspot by a gen-er-ous sub-scrip-tion of nearly three\\nhundred dollars. Champlain, with four priests and\\nmore col-o-nists, left France in 161 5. When the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "S2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nIn-di-ans of Quc-bec first saw the priests with their\\nlong cloth skirts, tied around the waist with a strong\\ncord, and their bare feet cov-er-ed with wooden san-\\ndals, they were greatly sur-pris-ed.\\nAfter se-lect-ing a site for a convent, the priests\\nand all the people of Quebec knelt on the bare\\nground, and the first mass ever said in Can-a-da was\\ncel-e-bra-ted by Father Dolbeau. After the mass it\\nwas de-cid-ed to send one of the priests to the Hu-\\nrons. Father Le Caron was chosen, and started for\\nMon-tre-al, where many of the tribe then were on\\ntheir yearly trading ex-pe-di-tions.\\nThey did not wish to take the priest, but fi-nal-ly\\ncon-sent-ed. He was soon fol-low-ed by Champlain,\\nwho sailed up the Ot-ta-wa River, crossed the port-\\nage to Lake Nip-is-sing, from there to the Geor-gi-an\\nBay, down its west shore until the harbor of Match-\\ne-dash was reached. Se-cur-ing his canoe, he soon\\nfound himself walking through small patches of corn,\\npumpkin vines and sun-flowers, ri-pen-ing in the\\nwarm autumn sun. The corn was roasted on the\\near for him as a del-i-ca-cy; the pumpkins baked in\\nthe hot ashes, and the sun-flower seeds were pressed\\nfor the oil, which was be-liev-ed by the In-di-ans to\\nbe good for his hair. This journey, which took\\nChamplain nearly two months to make, is now made\\nin a day.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 53\\nThe present site of Col-ling-wood, Can-a-da, is\\nsup-pos-ed to be the ground oc-cu-pi-ed by the Hu-\\nrons at that time, and the place sup-pos-ed to have\\nbeen vis-it-ed by Champlain. This was as near as\\nhe came to Mich-i-gan.\\nI should take delight in fol-low-ing with you the\\ncareer of this great col-o-niz-er to take you with him\\non an-oth-er ex-pe-di-tion against the I-ro-quois, and\\nto show you the self-sac-ri-fic-ing life he led in Can-a-\\nda for thirty years but my space is lim-it-ed, and so\\nyou must find the rest of the story in Francis Park-\\nman s ex-cel-lent works.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nIG-NA-TIUS LOY-O-LA.\\nThe course of the fur-trade took the route of the\\nOt-ta-wa River, so that the waters sep-a-ra-ting Mich-\\ni-gan into two parts were first en-ter-ed by the French\\ntraders on their way westward but they were not\\nthe first settlers. These were priests.\\nI will now give you a short his-to-ry of the founder\\nof the re-li-gious order to which most of them be-\\nlong-ed, so that you may see how well they fol-low-ed\\nthe ex-am-ple of their teacher. There are in the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "54\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCath-o-lic church sev-er-al orders or as-so-ci-a-tions of\\nun-mar-ri-ed men, formed to do the mis-sion-a-ry, the\\nchar-it-a-ble, the ed-u-ca-tion-al and hos-pit-al work\\nof the church. Some of these orders were es-tab-\\nHsh-ed as far back as 200 A. D. Paul of Thebes\\nfounded a mon-as-ter-y at the mouth of the Nile in\\nEg3^pt, in the year 340 A. D.\\nThe best known of these orders are the Ben-e-\\ndic-tines^one of their priests coming across the At-\\nlantic with Co-lum-bus, on his second voyage the\\nFran-cis-cans, some of their order ac-com-pa-ny-ing\\nChamplain to Can-a-da in 161 5, and later, the Do-\\nmin-i-cans and Jes-u-its. Of this last order we know\\nthe most con-cern-ing their work in the north and\\nnorthwest of A-mer-i-ca. Their founder was a Span-\\nish no-ble-man, born in his father s castle, Loy-o-la,\\nSpain, in the year 1491, just a year before Co-lum-\\nbus sailed for the New World, and ten years after\\nLuther was born.\\nHe was named Ig-na-tius, and when very young\\nwas made page at the Spanish court of Fer-di-nand,\\nthe Cath-o-lic. He wore ev-er-y day a splendid suit\\nof rich velvet and silk, trimmed with gold, and his\\narmor glit-ter-ed like the stars with precious gems.\\nWhen old enough, he en-ter-ed the army of the pow-\\ner-ful Em-per-or of Ger-ma-ny and Spain Charles\\nthe Fifth. While fiorhtincr the French, at the bat-tie", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, 55\\nof Pam-pe-lu-na, in 1 521, he was wounded in both\\nlegs from a cannon shot. The one broken had been\\nun-skill-ful-ly set, which the proud young soldier,\\nwhen nearly well, com-mand-ed the surgeon to break\\nagain and re-set. This done, a bone near the knee\\nwas found to be too long. He had it sawed off with-\\nout a groan. When that had been rem-e-di-ed, the\\nleg, alas, was found to be too short to walk on eas-i-ly.\\nThe brave and handsome young courtier then saw\\nthat he was hope-less-ly de-form-ed. What a blow\\nto his hopes!\\nAs he lay upon a sick bed for months, tired of\\nev-er-y-thing he had for-mer-ly loved, he began to\\nread the lives of the early church fathers. Their un-\\nsel-fish de-vo-tion to the cause of the weak, the poor\\nand the sick, touched his heart. He could never\\nagain join his King s army, but he could join the\\narmy of his God, and this he re-solv-ed to do.\\nWhen able to leave the castle of his father, he\\nset out on a short journey to visit his old in-struct-or\\nand com-pan-ion in camp Manrique. While riding\\nhis horse over the hills and vales to Nav-a-re-ta he\\nturned and gave one long, fond, farewell look to the\\nhome of his youth. From that moment the pale, sad\\nknight gave up fam-i-ly, home and friends, and bound\\nhimself to a life of pov-er-ty, chas-ti-ty, pain, self-de-\\nni-al and reproach.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "^6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nReaching his teacher, he sent his servants back\\nto the castle, and soon after started for the mon-as-\\nter-ry of Mont-ser-rat, where he passed the most of\\nthree days upon his knees, praying and weeping.\\nStreno^th-en-ed in his resolve to serve God with\\nall his heart and soul, Ig-na-tius left the mon-as-ter-y,\\nand meeting a beggar soon after, per-suad-ed him to\\nexchange clothes with him. The beggar thought\\nthe pale courtier was at-tempt-ing a bit of fun with\\nhim, no doubt, or was in-volv-ed in some un-law-ful\\nintrigue. The Knight, how-ev-er, re-tain-ed his\\nsword, and seeking a shrine of the Virgin Mary,\\nspent the night upon his knees, before it. When he\\narose to his feet in the morning he hung his sword\\nupon the altar, and began his day by begging his\\nbread from door to door, and to preach against the\\nteachings of the her-e-tics of the time, as they were\\ncalled. In 1523, he had written a won-der-ful book\\ncalled Spir-it-u-al Ex-er-cis-es, for which he re-\\nceiv-ed the Pope s blessing,\\nIg-na-tius now wished to visit the Holy Land to\\ntry to convert the Turks. While he was at Je-ru-sa-\\nlem, he was sent for to coun-ter-act the her-e-sies of\\nLuther, Me-lanc-thon, and Zwingle.\\nWhen he reached Europe again, he saw that his\\ned-u-ca-tion was in-suf-fi-cient to meet the learned\\nar-cru-ments of these re-form-ers, so that we find this", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 57\\nwon-der-ful man, at the age of thirty-four, stud-y-ing\\nLatin with little children at the Grammar School of\\nBar-ce-lo-na. During this time he preached, vis-it-ed\\nthe sick, and com-fort-ed the poor. He was ar-rest-ed\\nand thrown into prison, because some said he was a\\nma-gi-cian. After many weeks he was lib-er-a-ted,\\nand told to preach no more nov-el-ties. To this\\nhe an-swer-ed He was not aware that preaching\\nJesus Christ was a nov-el-ty.\\nFearing for his lib-er-ty, he turned his steps to-\\nward France. At the age of thirty-seven, alone, in\\nmid-winter, he walked from Spain to Paris. Here\\nhe preached, vis-it-ed hos-pit-als, and stud-i-ed. In\\n1534, six en-thu-si-asts among them the af-ter-ward\\nfamous Xavier joined him to form a re-li-gious\\norder gov-ern-ed by a mil-i-ta-ry code. The So-ci-\\ne-ty of Jesus, was the name given. The members\\nwere to forget self, and do the will of the Gen-er-al\\nof the order. It was to be an army of de-vo-ted\\nmis-sion-a-ries, fin-ish-ed scholars, pol-ish-ed gen-tle-\\nmen in other words, Chris-tian men of the world,\\nor the Im-i-ta-tors of the Life of Christ. The order\\nwas sanc-tion-ed by the Pope in 1540, and Ig-na-tius\\ntook up his res-i-dence at Rome, where he re-main-ed\\nfifteen years, Gen-er-al of the order. He died in\\n1556 at the age of sixty-five. The priests of this\\norder are called Jes-u-its.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "S8 HISTORY OF MICH JG AN.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nJES-U-IT MIS-SIONS.\\nThe youths wishing to join the Jes-u-it order\\nwere o-bhg-ed to pass a very rigid ex-am-in-a-tion.\\nOnly those of great nat-u-ral in-tel-h-gence, and who\\nwere thor-ough-ly im-press-ed with the ho-h-ness of\\ntheir work, w^ere ac-cept-ed. Having become a\\nmember, years of study fol-low-ed, after which came\\nyears of toil and hardship.\\nAbout sixty years after Loy-o-la s death, the Jes-\\nu-its beran to take o^reat in-ter-est in mis-sion-a-rv\\nwork. They col-lect-ed money, gained the support\\nof the King of France, and in 1625 sent some of\\ntheir priests to New France. In their life in Can-\\na-da and Maine, they lived aloof from the whites,\\ntheir missions being lo-ca-ted in the midst of In-di-an\\nvil-la-ges. They knew they could only win the hearts\\nof the red men by living as they did, eating and\\nsleeping as they ate and slept. But they suf-fer-ed\\nuntold hardships. Used to the re-fine-ments of civ-il-\\niz-ed nations, gentle and polite in manner, un-ac-cus-\\ntom-ed to a cold climate, their lives gave ev-i-dence\\nof their loy-al-ty to the Christian cause. Over the\\nwaters of un-ex-plor-ed rivers and tur-bu-lent lakes.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 5p\\nthey sailed, bare-foot, lest their shoes should injure\\nthe canoes often wading whole days along the river\\nbanks, pushing and pulling their boats over swift\\nrapids, with no food but corn, crushed between two\\nstones, wet with water, and now and then a little fish\\nand game; or, in winter, day by day, wading through\\nthe deep snow and rain to visit distant Huron vil-\\nla-ges, that the sav-a-ges might hear the good tidings\\nof Christ s mission to men on earth. Such cares and\\nlabor filled up the measure of their lives. The In-\\ndi-ans with whom the French al-li-ed themselves\\nthe Al-gon-quin tribes re-ceiv-ed the Jes-u-its very\\nkindly, and ap-pear-ed to listen to the priests sent\\namong them with in-ter-est, es-pe-cial-ly after some\\nof the order were able to speak the In-di-an lan-\\nguage. This was a long and ar-du-ous task, as the\\ndif-fer-ent tribes used dif-fer-ent di-a-lects.\\nThe French, under Champlain, as you re-mem-\\nber, had made fierce en-e-miesof the In-di-ans south\\nof Lake Erie, called the Five Nations, or I-ro-quois.\\nA Frenchman, priest or trader, that hap-pen-ed to\\nfall into the hands of an I-ro-quois band, was shown\\nno mercy.\\nThe first mis-sion-a-ry sent to the Hurons who\\nre-main-ed to preach per-ma-nent-ly, was Father\\nBrebeuf, of the Jes-u-it order. He was ano-ble-man\\nby birth and nature, says a recent writer. Hand-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "6o HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nsome, portly and tall, brave, proud and just a sol-\\ndier in ev-er-y qual-i-ty.\\nThe I-ro-quois had con-stant-ly on hand wars\\nwith the Al-gon-quins. A hundred braves would\\nas-sem-ble at Lake Erie, leap into then canoes and\\nattack some near tribe, burn its village, take captives,\\nand carry away what-ev-er pro-vis-ions had been\\nac-cu-mu-la-ted for winter.\\nUpon one of these ex-cur-sions, St. Louis, the\\nname of Brebeuf s mission, was burnt. The helpless\\nFather was taken by the mad sav-a-ges, stripped and\\nbound to an as-so-ci-ate priest named Lalemant, and\\ndriven three miles to an-oth-er mission. Here they\\nwere met by others of the braves, who beat them\\nwith sticks and clubs as they passed into the lodge.\\nThey were then bound to stakes, as were the other\\ncaptives present. Seeing some of his Huron con-\\nverts about him, Brebeuf urged them to look to\\nHeaven for res-ig-na-tion. For this the tor-tur-ing\\nLro-quois seized burning brands, and scorched him\\nfrom head to foot. And still he con-tin-u-ed to ex-\\nhort all about him to put then trust in God. For\\nthis, his under lip was cut away. Still the Father\\nnow fifty years old stood erect and showed no sign\\nof pain. This en-rag-ed the sav-a-ges. Lalemant\\nwas now taken, and strips of bark cov-er-cd with\\npitch tied to his naked body. The bark was then", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n6r\\nset fire to, and as the flames en-cir-cled his head he\\ncalled out in ag-o-niz-ing tones to Brebeuf. This\\naged priest was then taken, and a collar of hot hatch-\\nets hunu^ about his neck, and still he re-main-ed\\nLALEMANT TIED TO THE STAKE.\\nun-mov-ed. While suf-fer-ing these torments, a ren-\\ne-gade Huron cried out: Let the priest have some\\nhot water; we have had enough of his cold water.\\nIn-stant-ly the kettle was hung over the fire, and as\\nsoon as hot, these dying priests were bap-tiz-ed with", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "62 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nits scalding- contents. As though ren-der-ed in-sen-\\nsi-ble to pain by his heav-en-ly zeal, Brebeuf never\\nflinched or ut-ter-ed a cry of anguish under this ter-\\nri-ble ordeal.\\nDying, his body was cut to pieces and eaten, and\\nthe blood of his heart drank, in the hope of in-spir-\\ning themselves with the same courage shown by this\\nin-dom-it-a-ble priest.\\nLater, in 1642, an-oth-er Jes-u-it mis-sion-a-ry,\\nnamed Jogues, and who had la-bor-ed in the same\\nIn-di-an village with the brave Brebeuf, started to\\nQuebec for supplies. Two other priests and a few\\nHurons ac-com-pa-ni-ed him. While sailing down\\nthe St. Lawrence River, they were met by an-oth-er\\nmur-der-ous band of Lro-quois, who, taking the whole\\nparty on shore, im-me-di-ate-ly burnt the Hurons,\\nsaving the priests for pro-long-ed torture. In the\\nex-cite-ment of the attack, one of the Fathers had\\nraised his gun and shot an Lro-quois. There-up-on,\\nthe in-fu-ri-a-ted sav-a-ges rushed upon him, tore off\\nhis fingers with their teeth, and ran a spear through\\nhis hand. Throwing himself, shrieking, upon the\\nneck of Father Jogues, who at-tempt-ed to shield\\nhim, an In-di-an caught the hand of the Father and\\nchewed his fingers off in the same manner.\\nFor thirteen days the tor-tur-ed men were made\\nto follow the Lro-quois on their journey home. Upon", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 63\\nnearing a Mohawk village, some of the band hur-\\nri-ed on to announce the ar-riv-al of the white cap-\\ntives. They were first made to run the gauntlet\\nbefore en-ter-ing. Cov-er-ed with blood, when night\\ncame they were thrown upon their backs, and their\\narms and legs bound to stakes. One had his thumb\\nsawed off with a clam-shell, it taking the woman\\nforced to commit the cruel deed, all day to ac-com-\\nplish it. This same priest was killed some time\\nafter, because he was de-tect-ed in making the sign\\nof the cross upon the forehead of a sick In-di-an\\nchild.\\nJogues was held in cap-tiv-i-ty for nearly a year\\nby the I-ro-quois, who com-pell-ed him to cut and\\nbring their wood, and to perform all sorts of me-ni-al\\nwork for their squaws. The braves taking him to\\nAl-ba-ny on one of their trading ex-pe-di-tions, he\\nwas helped to escape to France by a Hol-land-er\\nnamed Van Curler. When the Queen saw his poor,\\nmu-ti-la-ted hand, she took it in hers and kissed it\\nthrough her tears.\\nAn-oth-er most worthy Jes-u-it was Father Rasles.\\nHis first mission was among In-di-ans of the West.\\nBeing a very suc-cess-ful priest, he was sent to A-ca-\\ndi-a, to the In-di-an village of Nor-ridge-wock, now\\nin Maine. He showed his forest children how to\\nbuild a chapel, and being a painter, he dec-o-ra-ted", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "64\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nits in-te-ri-or with many sacred pictures, which\\nproved very ef-fect-ive as il-lus-tra-tions of his re-h-\\ngious teachings.\\nHe taught them that the ter-ri-ble self-tor-ture\\nthat some tribes prac-\\ntic-ed, was not pleasing\\nto their Great Spirit,\\nnor to the God of the\\nwhite man. He told\\nthem that they must\\nwork, dig, and raise\\ncorn, and catch fish\\nenough, to keep them\\nin food during the long\\nwinters of A-ca-dia.\\nThey loved him very\\nmuch, and were never\\nso happy as when their\\ngood father would con-\\nsent to ac-com-pa-ny\\nthem on their tiresome\\nhunting ex-cur-sions.\\nWith this tribe he\\nlived nearly thirty years,\\noften spending days with only a few kernels of parched\\ncorn or acorns to eat, but always con-tent-ed and\\nbusy; for the welfare of his mission was his only\\nAN IN-DI-AN A-TONE-MENT", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n65\\nthought in Hfe. He was killed by a party of two\\nhundred men under command of Captains Harmon\\nand Moulton, sent by the Mass-a-chu-setts col-o-\\nnists to destroy the mission. They came to the vil-\\nlage while the In-di-ans were away, and sud-den-ly\\nJ\\nJ\\n*N*^\\nvVv.\\nDEATH OF RASLES.\\nfiring upon the women and children, many of them\\nrushed into the river and were drowned, or shot\\nwhile in the water. Their aged priest was killed,\\nand his scalp car-ri-ed to Boston with that of the\\nChief, Bom-ba-zin. Upon o-pen-ing Father Rasles\\nstrong box which had been taken before the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "66\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmas-sa-cre a dic-tion-a-ry of the Nor-ridge-wock\\nlanguage was found, upon which the priest had been\\njA^^.-t^^\\nMON-U-MENT TO RASLES.\\nat work for thirty years. He had taught some of the\\nIn-di-ans to write, and could hold a cor-re-spond-ence\\nwith them in their own laneuaee.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 67\\nSome fifty years ago, Bishop Fenwick, of Boston,\\npur-chas-ed an acre of ground on the spot where the\\nold chapel stood at the junction of the Ken-ne-bec\\nand Sandy River and e-rect-ed thereon a granite\\nob-e-hsk, nearly twenty feet high, to the mem-o-ry of\\nthe noble old priest.\\nThe only excuse the col-o-nists. gave for burning\\nhis church, shooting him down like a dog, and de-\\nstroy-ing and scat-ter-ing the Nor-ridge-wock tribe,\\nwas, that the priest had en-cour-ag-ed the In-di-ans\\nto make dep-re-da-tions on the English settlers along\\nthe sea-coast, and rivers of New England. Father\\nRasles came to Can-a-da in 1689, and was sixty-six\\nyears old when shot at **01d Point.\\nThese were some of the sac-ri-fi-ces made by the\\nJes-u-its in the early set-tle-ment of the North, East\\nand West of A-mer-i-ca.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nDIS-COV-ER-IES OF MICH-I-GAN.\\nThe first white men to set foot on what is now a\\npart of the soil of Mich-i-gan, were two Jes-u-it\\npriests Father Raymbault and the tor-tur-ed Jo-\\ngues. A year before the latter s capture by the I-ro-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "68\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nquols, these un-tir-ing zealots started from the Huron\\nmission es-tab-hsh-ed by Father Brebeuf and\\nsailed north the whole length of the Geor-gi-an Bay.\\nFor sev-en-teen long\\ndays they paddled\\ntheir canoe over its\\nhigh waves. Bruised,\\nweary, hungry and\\nhalf sick, they found\\nthemselves on the sev-\\nen-teenth day en-ter-\\ning a group of islands.\\nThreading their way,\\nthey soon came to\\nthe mouth of a river\\nwhich they named the\\nSt. Marie. Pro-ceed-\\ning up the river they\\ncame to a high water-\\nfall which they called\\nSault St. Marie.\\nHere they found an\\nIn-di-an village con-\\ntain-ing about two thousand in-hab-it-ants. The\\nIn-di-ans always showed great love for the pic-tur-\\nesque, and good judgment in the se-lec-tion of their\\nvillage and en-camp-ment sites. Sault St. Marie\\nIN-DI-AN MODE OK LUR-I-AL.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwas, indeed, one of Nature s sweet re-tire-ments.\\nThe two priests were struck with the nat-u-ral beauty\\nof the landscape, and wished to found a mission here\\nim-me-di-ate-ly.\\nDuring the spring and summer, great numbers\\nof In-di-ans vis-it-ed the place to supply themselves\\nwith white-fish the water\\nof the river seeming alive\\nwith them. On this ac-\\ncount they also con-sid-er-ed\\nit a good lo-ca-tion for a\\ntrading-post. The death\\nfrom con-sump-tion of\\nRaymbault, and the cap-\\nture of Jogues, pre-vent-ed\\ntheir plans from being car-\\nri-ed out at this time. wampum.\\nA little later on. Father\\nMesnard at-tempt-ed to explore the Great Lakes.\\nHe passed over the same route, en-ter-ed White-fish\\nBay, and on to Lake Su-pe-ri-or. One day, while\\nsailing along the shore lined with gi-gan-tic trees, he\\nre-quest-ed the In-di-an guide to land him. Wan-\\nder-ing away into the dense forest, he was never\\nheard of more.\\nSome years after, in 1668, two priests Mar-\\nquette and Al-lou-ez car-ri-ed out the wishes of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "70 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nJogues and Raymbault, and founded the mission at\\nSault St. Marie. They made a map of only what\\nthey had act-u-al-ly seen, which to this day is con-\\nsid-er-ed a won-der-ful-ly correct rep-re-sen-ta-tion of\\nthe upper parts of Lake Huron and Mich-i-gan.\\nThey marked the copper region of Ke-wee-naw,\\nthough not much in-for-ma-tion re-gard-ing the quan-\\ntify of ore to be found there, could be ob-tain-ed\\nthe In-di-ans de-clar-ing their water-gods were op-\\npos-ed to dis-turb-ance of the precious metal. Pieces\\nof clear ore were car-ri-ed by the In-di-ans in their\\nhaz-ard-ous ex-cur-sions upon the lakes, as it was\\nbe-liev-ed, no In-di-an would perish by drowning, if\\npos-sess-ed of one of these charms. Three years\\nafter, in 1671, a great council of fourteen tribes was\\ncalled at Sault St. Marie.\\nThe French sought to ally themselves by a\\nfriendly a-gree-ment with these tribes, to aid them\\nwhen called upon, and in turn to extend the power\\nof France on the A-mer-i-can Con-ti-nent. The\\nJes-u-it priest, Al-lou-ez, con-duct-ed the cer-e-mo-\\nnies. A large wooden cross was blessed, and while\\nIt was being raised, the priest and soldiers who came\\nwith of-fi-cer M. de Lusson, chanted the Vex-il-la.\\nThe coat of arms of France (the Fleitr de Lis) was\\nnext hung upon a cedar post, the French, the while,\\nchanting the Ex-au-di-at.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n71\\nThe com-man-der, M. de Lusson, now took pos-\\nses-sion, in the name of the King of France, of all\\nthe land lying between the east\\nand the west, and from Mon-\\ntre-al to the south, as far as could\\nbe done, after which, a salvo\\nwas fired, and great shouting\\nin-dulg-ed in by all present.\\nFather Al-lou-ez fol-low-ed with\\na speech to the In-di-ans, de-\\nscrib-ing the belief which the\\ncross rep-re-sent-ed, and the hap-\\npi-ness here and hereafter which\\ncame to those who em-brac-ed\\nit. Then he told them of the\\npow-er-ful Kingof France; what\\na mighty o-non-tio (ruler) he was\\nthat no king dared make war\\nupon him, and all nations had\\nhumbly sued him for peace.\\nThe In-di-an Chiefs lis-ten-\\ned, and agreed to abide by the\\naction of the council, which they\\ndid.\\nI suppose my young readers\\nthink, that before the Spanish,\\nFrench and English came to\\nIN-DIAN PIPES-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "7^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\ndisturb, and take away from these forest children\\ntheir skins and land, their lives were little else than\\none long, sunny day; that they roamed through the\\nwoods, hunting the partridge, deer, wolf, fox, wild-\\ncat and bear, and, at night making their beds upon\\nsweet-smelling cedar boughs, laid themselves down\\nand slept qui-et-ly until the dawn of day. But this\\nis far from being the way in which they lived. It\\nhas been or-dain-ed that ev-er-v livincr thing: that eats\\nmust work. The insects are always busy sup-ply-ing\\nthemselves and their young with food the an-i-mals\\nof the forest are ever upon the alert, watching for an\\nap-pe-tiz-ing meal. The In-di-ans worked just as\\nhard as the an-i-mals, often suf-fer-ed untold mis-er-y\\non account of the cold, deep snow, and scar-ci-ty of\\ngame. Again, they were con-tin-u-al-ly at war with\\neach other, each struggling for the mas-ter-y. Some-\\ntimes a whole tribe was de-stroy-ed by a tribe whose\\nhunting-grounds had been in-va-cled. No; their lives\\nwere far from being com-fort-a-ble or happy before\\nthe ap-pear-ance of the white man in their midst.\\nBut if there was a par-a-dise in the northwest for\\nthe red man, Mich-i-gan was its lo-ca-tion. The\\na-bun-dance of fish in her rivers and lakes; the great\\nva-ri-e-ty of game in her well-wa-ter-ed area; her\\npleasant climate and dense pro-tect-ing forests,\\nmade life to them less toilsome, and, therefore, more", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. yj\\na-gree-a-ble, than in other portions of the country.\\nIn the southern part, they tilled enough to plant\\nbeans, corn, and pumpkins, which re-quir-ed but little\\nwork to make grow. They car-ri-ed their corn wher-\\nev-er they went. It was called the spirit s grain\\nmon da7ne7t. They wor-ship-ed the sun, moon and\\nstars. Their Great Spirit they called Man-i-to\\nlesser di-vin-i-ties, O-way-neo, and Wa-con-da.\\nThey had their prophets, med-i-cine men, story-tell-\\ners, and songs for war or death.\\nThe In-di-ans had an idea of rail-er-y, for the Al-\\ngon-quins called the I-ro-quois, Windy Tongues;\\nthe I-ro-quois re-tort-ed by calling them, **Bark\\nEaters. They also had some idea of de-port-ment;\\nfor when the priests at the Huron Mission had a\\nclock sent them, the In-di-ans were very cu-ri-ous,\\nand would come and wait for hours to hear it strike.\\nThey thought it alive, and called it the Captain.\\nWhat does he say? in-quir-ed an In-di-an upon\\nfirst hearing the clock strike.\\nHe says, re-pli-ed the Father, when he strikes\\ntwelve times, Hang on the kettle; but when he\\nstrikes/^^/r times, Get up and go; and the In-di-ans\\nnever tar-ri-ed after that, later than four o clock.\\nThis, we may believe, was a much longed-for\\nhour by the priests an hour when re-liev-ed from\\ntheir daily cares they were able to rest, spend the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "y^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ne-ven-ing en-gag-ed in en-li-ven-ing con-ver-sa-tion, or\\nin the per-form-ance of the many per-son-al serv-i-ces\\ntheir busy Hfe re-quir-ed.\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nMarquette s mission of mack-i-naw.\\nOwing to the use the In-di-ans made of the Ot-\\nta-wa River for car-ry-ing their furs to Mon-tre-al and\\nQuebec, the northern part of Mich-i-gan was nat-u-\\nral-ly the first to be vis-it-ed.\\nThree years after Marquette and Al-lou-ez had\\nfounded the Sault St. Marie Mission, Marquette\\nen-ter-ed the Straits of Mack-i-naw in his birch canoe,\\nand landing at a point op-po-site the present site of\\nthe town of Mack-i-naw, called it St. Ignace. Here\\nhe built a chapel, and began preaching, and teaching\\nthe In-di-ans. He spoke the Al-gon-quin and I-ro-\\nquois di-a-lects, which knowledge in-creas-ed his im-\\nport-ance as a mis-sion-a-ry. Being told by the Su-\\npe-ri-orof the Jes-u-it Mission at Quebec, that he was\\ntoo nec-es-sa-ry to the order to spend his time en-\\ntire-ly in so small a village, Marquette an-swer-ed,\\nT am ready to leave Mack-i-naw in the hands of\\nan-oth-er mis-sion-a-ry at your request, in order to", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "MACK-I-NAW SCEN-ER-Y.\\n75", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "76\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\ntell new tribes of our great God, whom they now\\nknow nothing of. The French, through the In-di-\\nans, were con-tin-u-al-ly hearing fab-u-lous stories\\nabout a great river to the west, running north and\\nsouth. Who was so well a-dapt-ed to look for this\\nriver as Mar-\\nquette\\nthe\\npriest, scholar,\\nand ex-plor-er?\\nThe In-di-ans\\nwould not harm\\nh i m f o r he\\nwould not harm\\nthem then he\\ncould tell all\\nabout the coun-\\ntry when he re-\\nturn-ed, which\\nwas a great\\nthing in those days. The people wanted ge-o-graph-\\nic-al in-for-ma-tion of the Great West, which Mar-\\nquette was able to fur-nish. Ac-cord-ing-ly, in May,\\n1673, Marquette, Jol-i-et, and five Frenchmen, in\\ntwo canoes, started from Mack-i-naw and sailed down\\nLake Mich-i-gan. They en-ter-ed Green Bay, from\\nthence to Fox River, and crossing a portage, en-ter-ed\\nthe Wis-con-sin, which empties into the Mis-sis-sip-pi.\\nGLD FORT MACK-I-NAW.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n77\\nDown this mighty river they floated with the\\ncurrent, day after day. Marquette was not a very\\nstrong man, and during this voyage became very sick.\\nWhen near the mouth of the Ar-kan-sas, they\\nthought they\\nmight be ap-\\nproaching some\\nSpanish set-tle-\\nment, the Span-\\nish claiming the\\nmouth of the\\nMis-sis-sip-pi\\non account of\\nDe Soto s dis-\\ncov-er-y, and so\\nthey de-cid-ed\\nto turn back.\\nIn passing some high rocks, not far from where\\nSt. Louis now stands, Marquette thought he saw\\nsome pictures painted, looking something like those\\non the fol-low-ing page. The good priest thought\\nthese coarse pictures were the gods or devils which\\nthe In-di-ans wor-ship-ed, and his men were told to\\ngo and destroy them, which they did.\\nDuring this e-vent-ful voyage the good priest grew\\nmuch worse, and seemed only to wish to return to\\nthe St. Ignace Mission before he died. On July\\nMARQUETTE AND JOL-I-ET\\nDE-SCEND-ING THE MIS-\\nSIS-SIP-PI RIVER.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "18\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nI 7th, they started back, and finding the mouth of a\\nriver to the east, they en-ter-ed and sailed up the\\nIll-i-nois River, en-ter-ed the lake, reaching the mis-\\nsion at Green Bay, in Sep-\\ntember. For a year the\\npriest was too sick to leave\\nthe mission. During the\\ntwo years after the dis-\\nco v-er-y of the Mis-sis-sip-\\npi, he con-tin-u-ed to write,\\npreach to the In-di-ans,\\nand build chapels for the spread of his Master s truth.\\nAt Kas-kas-kia nearly op-po-site where St.\\nLouis now stands while cel-e-bra-ting Easter, in\\n1675, the con-scious-\\nness of death s near\\napproach was im-press-\\ned upon him. He\\nwished to reach his old\\nMission of St. Ignace,\\nat Mack-i-naw, before\\nbeing called hence.\\nTwo Frenchmen con-\\nsent-ed to grat-i-fy this\\ndesire. Making the canoe as com-fort-a-ble as pos-\\nsi-ble, they started up the cold lake toward the\\nstraits.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nWhen near the mouth of a small river on the\\nMich-i-gan side, Marquette told his faithful attend-\\nants he could go no further. Im-me-di-ate-ly land-\\ning, they brought some pine branches, made a forest\\nbed, and the dying Father was care-ful-ly placed upon\\nit. Taking his cru-ci-fix from his bosom, he prayed\\nfor his church, for himself, his com-pan-ions, and the\\nwhole world. Asking to be left alone with his own\\nholy thoughts for awhile, the men re-tir-ed to a spot\\nwithin hearing distance. At the end of a short half\\nhour they re-turn-ed to find him breathing his last\\nupon his face rested the smile of peace and hope,\\nbe-tok-en-ing the knowledge of a well-spent life.\\nHis weeping at-tend-ants dug a grave by the river\\nbank, and with rev-er-ent hands cov-er-ed his worn\\nand e-ma-ci-a-ted body with the warm earth of\\nsprmg.\\nSome years after, a band of roving In-di-ans en-\\nter-ing the river now called Marquette, and seeing a\\nwooden cross, knew it to be the grave of a Black\\nGown. Marquette s bones were taken up, car-ri-ed\\naway, and bur-i-ed at the nearest chapel. In 1877,\\nthey were re-in-ter-red at Mack-i-naw, where he\\nwished to be bur-i-ed. It is hoped his precious bones\\nwill never be dis-turb-ed again. To his mem-o-ry\\nMich-i-gan is much in-debt-ed. He was, by far, the\\nforemost dis-cov-er-er of the northwest.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "8o HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nCHAPTER X.\\nDIS-COV-ER-Y OF DETROIT.\\nIn 1672, Count Fron-te-nac was ap-point-ed Gov-\\nern-or-Gen-er-al of Can-a-da. The French were\\nalways pushing toward Mich-i-gan. They planted\\ntheir missions and trading-houses at the same places;\\nby kindness and re-li-gion they had suc-ceed-ed in\\nfounding missions and posts at Sault St. Marie,\\nMack-i-naw, Green Bay, Chi-ca-go and St. Joseph.\\nAt the outlet of Lake On-ta-ri-o was a fort called\\nFron-te-nac. At this time a man lived there of con-\\nsid-er-a-ble im-port-ance. He traded with the In-di-\\nans, and was hon-or-a-ble in his dealings with them.\\nHis name was Robert La Salle.\\nCount Fron-te-nac seeing that he was very en-er-\\nget-ic and careful m his bus-i-ness with the traders,\\nad-vis-ed him to go to France, where he was kindly\\nre-ceiv-ed at court, made a Cav-a-lier, given the mo-\\nnop-o-ly of trade with the I-ro-quois, and a large tract\\nof land around Fort Fron-te-nac. For this he was\\nto keep the fort ready for use against any hostile\\ntribes that should attempt to take it.\\nWhen Fron-te-nac was sent to Can-a-da it was\\nex-pect-ed he would do something to bring thej-ro-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, 8i\\nquois into more friendly re-la-tions with the French.\\nThey had killed so many mis-sipn-a-ries and traders\\nthat the French began to think they would not be\\nable to hold the western part of Can-a-da, unless\\npeace could be made with these blood-thirsty sav-a-\\nges. So he had or-der-ed a chain of forts to be built\\nalong the lakes thus far dis-cov-er-ed.\\nAfter La Salle had been made a no-ble-man by\\nLouis XV., he re-turn-ed to Fort Fron-te-nac, and\\nhis men began to clear the land, build houses for the\\nFrench traders, and La Salle to act the part of a\\nsmall king. The In-di-ans built huts about the fort,\\nsheep and cattle were soon to be seen roaming over\\nthe pasture lands, and corn-fields waved in the sum-\\nmer s sun. But, the same as Marquette, La Salle\\ncould not remain happy until he had ex-plor-ed the\\ngreat river so much talked about, into which he hoped\\nto find other rivers flowing; rivers, perhaps, that\\nwould lead to the passage to In-di-a, still looked for.\\nSo he re-sign-ed his command of Fort Fron-te-nac,\\nand taking his men, and all the money he could bor-\\nrow, started for the head of Lake Erie, where he\\nbuilt a rough fort, and called it Fort Ni-ag-a-ra. He\\nhad read Marquette s book of his six-months voyage\\ndown the Mis-sis-sip-pi. Although in-tend-ing soon\\nto follow him, he had no idea of risking his life in so\\nfrail a boat as a canoe. So, for the next year, he", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "82 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nbus-i-ed himself in building a sort of sloop, which he\\nnamed The Griffin. She car-ri-ed five guns, and\\nwas of sixty tons burden. La Salle was her com-\\nrnand-er, and Father Louis Hen-ne-pin, the mis-sion-\\na-ry, his trusted com-pan-ion. On the loth of Au-\\ngust, 1679, after sailing the length of Lake Erie, they\\ncame upon the swift outlet of the Detroit River.\\nIn de-scrib-ing this river, or strait, Hen-ne-pin\\nsays: **It is the finest strait in the world. It is\\ntwenty-five miles long, in some places two miles wide,\\nand deep enough to float large vessels. The game\\nwas so a-bun-dant upon its clear waters, that they\\nar-rang-ed themselves in lines at the approach of the\\ncanoes to allow them to pass.\\nThey found an In-di-an village upon the spot\\nwhere Detroit now stands. Con-tin-u-ing the voyage,\\nLa Salle dis-cov-er-ed the small lake at the head of\\nthe strait, and named it St. Clair, on account of the\\nclearness of its water. Reaching Mack-i-naw, he\\nbuilt a trading-house, and then crossed Lake Mich-i-\\ngan with the first winged ship that ever parted\\nher blue waters. En-ter-ing the harbor of Green\\nBay, La Salle sold the Griffin s cargo, made up of all\\nsorts of things to please the fancy of the In-di-ans,\\nre-load-ed her with a cargo of rich furs, and started\\nher back to Fort Ni-ag-a-ra, ex-pect-ing to pay his\\ndebts with the sale of his pelts.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 83\\nIt is sup-pos-ed the Griffin was lost in a storm.\\nAfter waiting a long time for its return, La Salle and\\nhis men took canoes and crossed over to St. Joseph s\\nMission and trading-post, in Mich-i-gan. The re-\\nmain-der of this brave man s his-to-ry has nothing to\\ndo with the set-tle-ment of Mich-i-gan; but I would\\nadvise you to read it, for it is the painful story of a\\nlife de-vot-ed to the dis-cov-er-y and en-large-ment of\\nFrench ter-ri-to-ry in A-mer-i-ca.\\nAlthough Hen-ne-pin had de-scrib-ed the beau-\\nti-ful strait, in 1679, calling it d Etroit, and had\\nspoken of its being the door to the upper lakes, no\\nsteps were taken to make it a trading-post for twenty-\\ntwo years, or until the English began to talk about\\nbuying it of the I-ro-quois, who claimed its own-er-\\nship. Then the Gov-ern-or-Gen-er-al of Can-a-da,\\nwith em-pha-sis, said: The strait be-longs to King\\nLouis XIV. of France, and to no-bod-y else.\\nAc-cord-ing-ly, in i 799, the of-fi-cer in command\\nat Mack-i-naw Antoine de la Motte Ca-dil-lac\\nwent to France, and told the King s minister how\\nad-van-ta-geous it would be to their trade to build a\\nfort at the head of the strait he said, all the waters\\nof the great lakes pass through it that the English\\nwere trying to get the trade of the In-di-ans, and if a\\nfort were built here, they would a-ban-don the hope\\nof ever doing it. Besides, the sav-a-ges had not", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "84\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhunted south of the St. Clah Lake, and if they could\\nhave a market near, they would bring to the French\\ntraders the skins of the stao-, deer, elk, roe-buck,\\nFORT PONT-CHAR-TRAIN (dETROIt), 1705.\\nblack bear and buf-fa-lo, with wolves, otter, wild-cat,\\nbeaver, and other small an-i-mals.\\nLouis XIV. gave his consent to erect the fort;\\ngave Ca-dil-lac a com-mis-sion as com-man-dant, and\\nfifteen acres square of land wher-ev-er on d Etroit\\nthe new fort should be es-tab-lish-ed.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 83\\nRe-turn-ing to Can-a-da, Lord Ca-dil-lac started\\nfor his post in com-pa-ny with fifty soldiers, and fifty\\ntraders and workmen, ar-riv-ing there on the 24th of\\nJuly, 1 70 1. A high, wooden-picket fence, in-clos-\\ning a few log huts, thatched with grass, was the royal\\nstructure called Fort Pont-char-train.\\nCHAPTER XL\\nHOW THE PEOPLE OF NEW FRANCE LIVED.\\nAbout the time Lord Ca-dil-lac founded Detroit,\\nthe King of France called the Grand Monarch\\nwas doing ev-er-y-thing in his power to build up his\\ncol-o-ny across the At-lan-tic. To men of wealth,\\nfam-i-ly, and those who had helped him in his many\\nwars, he gave great tracts of land, and com-pell-ed\\nmany of his subjects to go and settle on them.\\nA reg-i-ment of soldiers was sent to defend the\\ncol-o-ny against the Lro-quois. These troops had\\nseen hard service in fio-htino: the Turks. Needino-\\nfour com-pa-nies again, those that were willing to re-\\nmain were given land and money, or pro-vis-ions\\nenough to last a year. At the forts such as Mack-\\ni-naw and Detroit he had placed a com-mand-er,\\nwho made the laws for the com-mu-ni-tv, and saw", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "S6\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthat they were ex-e-cu-ted. The merchants within\\nthe stockade were the next in social po-si-tion to the\\nof-fi-cers and priests; the In-di-an traders next; and\\nlast, the men who tilled the soil, and did the drudg-\\ner-y of the in-hab-it-ants. Life in these forts was\\nFRENCH TRADERS BUYING PELTS.\\nsomething like life in a little mon-arch-y. Ev-er-y-\\nthing was car-ri-ed on by titles and the su-pe-ri-or-i-ty\\nof birth. The French com-man-dant and his of-fi-cers", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 87\\nwere dressed in blue coats, turned up and faced\\nwith white, and trimmed with gold lace, while from\\ntheir sides hung handsome swords. The priests were\\nvery active and useful persons to these small set-tle-\\nments. They wore long, black robes, fas-ten-ed about\\nthe waist with a cord, from which hung silver chains\\nsus-pend-ing a cru-ci-fix. They per-form-ed the mar-\\nri-age cer-e-mo-nies, vis-it-ed the sick, bap-tiz-ed and\\ntaught the children when well, bur-i-ed them when\\ndead, and took care of the church and the morals of\\nthe col-o-nists. The peasant, or farmer, wore a\\ncoarse, blue surtout, fas-ten-ed round the waist with\\na red strap or sash, a red cap on his head, in the band\\nof which gen-er-al-ly glit-ter-ed a sharp scalping-knife.\\nThe trading hunters wore buf-fa-lo-skin pan-ta-loons,\\nfringed at the sides, a blouse shirt, and drooping\\nfeathers in hats of ev-er-y shape and hue. The wo-\\nmen, after awhile, made the cloth for their own\\nclothes, and for the In-di-an trade. They worked\\nin-dus-tri-ous-ly by day, at-tend-ed mass reg-u-lar-ly,\\nand danced when-ev-er the op-por-tu-ni-ty of-fer-ed.\\nThe French pi-o-neers were a good and hardy people\\nfrom the sea-far-ing towns of Western France.\\nLater on, the King un-der-took to furnish ev-er-y\\nman with a wife who wanted one. If the peasant\\nhad built himself a house, plowed his land which the\\nKing had given him, and had a little money laid up.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "SS HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe was the man the King thought the most of, and\\nwanted him to have the best wife. But if he had\\nnothing, and wished to marry, the King still was\\nwilling to give him a partner with the land. Ship-\\nloads of young girls came across the At-lan-tic at the\\nKing s expense, and were placed under the care of\\nthe Mother Su-pe-ri-or of the convent at Quebec,\\nuntil they should be called for by some French col-o-\\nnist in need of a wife. When news of the ships\\nar-riv-al was passed around the set-tle-mentsand forts,\\nof-fi-cers, soldiers, traders, workmen and farmers, all\\nhur-ri-ed up to the Town Hall, and se-lect-ed the girl\\nwhose looks pleased him best.\\nIn col-lect-ing these girls in France, the King\\nsaid the fleshy women and girls were the best to\\ntake, because they could stand the cold weather bet-\\nter, and were u-su-al-ly the most cheerful and con-\\ntent-ed people.\\nI think you will agree with me that this was an\\neasy way of settling matters for the time-being; but\\nit did not answer after the country was older.\\nIt is said that Count Ca-dil-lac, the founder of\\nDetroit, for taking a wife and settling in the coun-\\ntry, was given fifteen hundred livres.\\nThe first white child bap-tiz-ed in Detroit, was\\nMarie Theresa, daughter of Com-man-dant Ca-dil-lac\\nand his wife, The-re-sa.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "BSgg ggggrfggwgi ^wg\\nmiim^^^^^^m\\nA FARMER S HUT IN WINTER.\\n89", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "go\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nWhen a titled man was given, or bought of the\\nKine, a lanjc tract of land, he set his men to work\\nto build him a man-o-ri-al house, gen-er-al-ly on the\\nbank of a river, because in those days the river was\\nthe people s road. There he became the Grand\\nSeignior. He had vassals, or men who must serve\\nhim in war when the King called on him to furnish\\ntroops. These men gen-er-al-ly lived on the Grand\\nSeignior s estate. On bended knees they prom-is-ed\\nto attach themselves to his in-ter-ests, to work for\\nhim, to die for him if need be. For the use of\\nthe land they cul-ti-va-ted they paid him a small tax,\\nsuch as a few chickens, or dollars a year. If the\\nGrand Seignior had a great deal of land, these taxes\\na-mount-ed to con-sid-er-a-ble in a year. But he was\\no-blig-ed to keep a church and school in op-e-ra-\\ntion, and do the things the people now do for them-\\nselves This kind of pa-rent-al gov-ern-ment was\\ncalled Feu-dal-ism. It no longer exists in civ-il-ized\\ncountries. But it an-swer-ed very well in the early\\ntimes, when ev-er-y man who had an-y-thing, was\\no-blig-ed to take care of his own life and prop-er-ty\\nwith his own army. Now the people pay the gov-\\nern-ment for doing it.\\nI suppose you wonder if these early settlers had\\nany sports and a-muse-ments? To be sure they did.\\nTheir a-muse-ments, how-ev-er, were quite dif-fer-ent", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "HUNTER AT NIGHT.\\n91", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "g2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nfrom those of the Pu-ri-tans who settled New Eng-\\nland. The French did not think it wrong to sing\\ngay songs, and dance, to dress in bright colors, or be\\nmerry, when prayers and mass was over.\\nIn the months of August, Sep-tem-ber and Oc-to-\\nber, the men that worked at all, worked very hard,\\nand pre-par-ed for winter. As the col-o-ny grew,\\nships from France brought them all sorts of nice\\nthings to wear, and the people, settled along the St.\\nLawrence and Rich-e-lieu Rivers, came to Mon-tre-al\\nand Quebec to buy what they needed for the winter.\\nThey filled their cellars with all sorts of veg-e-ta-bles\\nfrom their estates, and when the cold weather came\\non, added many kinds of frozen meats, game, fowls\\nand fish.\\nThen the people had little to do, and their pleas-\\nures began. The fam-i-lies of the Seigniors, the gov-\\nern-ment of-fi-cials, with army of-fi-cers and the cure,\\nmostly all titled men, had their balls and dinners,\\nand tried to feel as grand as their fellows at court, in\\nFrance.\\nThe next class, the traders for the people\\nwere di-vid-ed into classes had their parties and\\nballs, and one writer says, *the women were very\\npretty, and knew how to behave themselves, too.\\nThe next class, the hunters and their as-so-ci-ates,\\nwere a more bois-ter-ous people they drank more", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nyj\\nwine, and danced longer at night but crim-i-nals\\nwere rarely found in the French col-o-nies, all being\\nat-tach-ed to their re-li-gion, and through con-fes-sion,\\nre-strain-ed from com-mit-ting wicked acts.\\nOf their manners, a writer has said: The men\\nin the col-o-ny are polite, raising their hats to ev-er-y\\nac-quaint-ance how-ev-er slight they chance to\\nmeet in the street. The\\nwomen are all well-bred.\\nThey dress well, and take\\ngreat care of their hair,\\nwhich is always curled\\npret-ti-ly about their heads.\\nBesides being careful and\\nbusy about their fam-i-ly\\naffairs, they have time to\\nlaugh, joke, play games,\\nand dance. They are\\ncheerful and con-tent-ed,\\nand no-bod-y can say that\\nthey lack either beauty,\\nwit or grace.\\nCOUREUR DES BOIS.\\nThe young men, how-\\nev-er, were said to be too\\nfond of hunting, and many\\nof them formed such a taste for the wild and daring\\nlife of the In-di-ans, that they took squaws for wives,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nand dressed and lived like In-di-ans. They were\\ncalled, coitretirs des bois (wood rangers). Their fam-\\ni-lies were af-ter-ward called half-breeds, and gave\\nthe early settlers of Mich-i-gan con-sid-er-a-ble trouble\\nafter the gov-ern-ment changed. But, taken all to-\\ngeth-er, these early French people in A-mer-i-ca were\\nvery good, honest, and true people. They were will-\\ning that the In-di-ans should live with them, and\\nnever sought to cheat them out of their country by\\nsetting apart large tracts of land and saying, you\\nmust stay there, and hunt there, whether there is any\\ngame left, or not.\\nBut the French did not look out so well for them-\\nselves as the English col-o-nists did in New Eng-\\nland, and, therefore, did not prosper as well. Some\\nwriters have said, the French laughed and played\\naway their lives and fortunes in Can-a-da, while the\\nNew Eng-land-ers worked, prayed, and saved up\\ntheir money for their children s ben-e-fit. The\\nFrench, doubtless, thought a little of life s pleasures\\nbe-long-ed to the fathers and mothers, leaving those\\nwho came after, the blessing of self-ex-er-tion, while\\nthe English de-ni-ed themselves almost ev-er-y-thing,\\nto give their fam-i-lies ease and hap-pi-ness after their\\ndeath. Which people do you think were nearest\\nright", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n95\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nFRENCH AND ENGLISH WAR IN A-MER-I-CA.\\nMy young reader must bear in mind, that while\\nthe French ex-plor-ers Cartier, De Monts, Cham-\\nplain, Marquette and La Salle were claiming new\\nter-ri-to-ry in the Northwest for France, the Eng-\\nlish, settling in Vir-gin-i-a and New England, were\\ntrying to do the same for\\nEngland. Both peoples\\nwere reaching out toward the\\nFar West, and were busy\\nplanting set-tle-ments and\\ntrading-posts wher-ev-er the\\nIn-di-ans came in large num-\\nbers. In Can-a-da, the\\nshores of the St. Lawrence,\\nthe Rich-e-lieu, Detroit and\\nSt. Clair Rivers, were dotted\\nwith French farm-houses,\\ntowns and small vil-la-ges.\\nAlong the At-lan-tic coast,\\ncities were springing up, to\\nwhich the people from Scot-\\nland, England, Ireland and Ger-ma-ny, were flocking\\nOLD PEAR TREES IN DETROIT, PLANTED\\nBY FRENCH SETTLERS.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "p(5 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nin ship-loads. But the French laid claim to all the\\nland west of the Al-le-gha-ny and Cum-ber-land\\nMountains, and tried to pen up the English on the\\nAt-lan-tic coast. The English would not stay there,\\nbut still kept pushing on to the West.\\nThe French began to build forts not very\\nstrong ones, we would think, to see them now\\nalong their boundary line, to keep back these in-tru-\\nders.\\nA French of-fi-cer, whom we would now call a\\nfar-see-ing man, once pro-pos-ed to his King, that he\\nbe al-low-ed to go and take New York from the\\nDutch, and shut up the English in New England.\\nTo make things still worse for the col-o-nists on both\\nsides, their mother countries had been at war with\\neach other, most of the time, for five hundred years.\\nThey were o-blig-ed, how-ev-er, to stop fighting long\\nenough to recruit new armies, and collect money\\nenough to put them in the field again; but, when this\\nwas done, hos-til-i-ties gen-er-al-ly begun anew. As\\nsoon as the news could reach the French, in Can-a-da,\\nand the E nglish along the At-lan-tic shore, which, hap-\\npi-ly for the col-o-nists, took about two months at that\\ntime, then the English and their I n-di-an allies marched\\nupon the French, or the French and their allies\\nmarched upon the English, burning set-tle-ments,\\nmur-der-ing the settlers, and car-ry-ing fear- and", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. gy\\nsorrow to ev-er-y household. Of all the peoples com-\\ning to A-mer-i-ca, the In-di-ans liked the French the\\nbest. They were kind to thern, and paid them hon-\\nest-ly for their pelts and corn. So, when-ev-er fight-\\ning began, the largest numberof In-di-an tribes joined\\nthe French, though the fiercest, the I-ro-quois, at\\nfirst were the allies of the English.\\nThe excuse they had on this side of the At-lan-\\ntic for going to war with each other, was the claim\\nthe French made to a large tract of land on the\\nO-hi-o River, which the King of England had grant-\\ned to a number of men called, *The O-hi-o Com-\\npa-ny. This com-pa-ny was to settle the land but\\nwhen-ev-er they tried to bring fam-i-lies there, the\\nFrench sent troops, broke up the set-tle-ment, and\\nsent the traders away.\\nAt this time, George Wash-ing-ton, whom you\\nall know about, was twenty years old. He was a\\nsur-vey-or, and held the rank of Major in the Col-o-\\nni-al British Army. He was sent with a letter to\\nthe French com-mand-er, near Lake Erie, telling\\nhim the French must not in-ter-fere with the set-de-\\nment of this land by the English. Four hundred\\nmiles this young Vir-gin-i-an trav-el-ed on foot through\\nthe wil-der-ness, to de-liv-er his letter and bring back\\na reply.\\nThe French re-fus-ed to allow the English to", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "g8\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\noc-cu-py the land, and so, what is called, The French\\nand In-di-an War, came out of this re-fus-al. At\\nthis time there were about a million English col-o-\\nnists, while the French num-ber-ed only about one\\nhundred thousand.\\nThe English were the\\nrichest and most nu-\\nmer-ous. But they were\\nbeaten in their first and\\nsecond campaigns, and\\nif Louis XV. of France,\\nhad not been such a\\nspendthrift, and had\\nsaved his money to\\nsend more men to help\\nhis French col-o-nists,\\nCan-a-da might have\\nre-main-ed a French\\nprovince to this day.\\nBut after fighting\\nall along the border\\nfor four years from\\n1755 to I 759 the\\nFrench were badly de-\\nfeat-ed at the ter-ri-ble battle of Quebec. Both com-\\nmand-ers Gen-er-al Wolf of the English forces, and\\nGen-er-al Montcalm of the French were killed.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n99\\nThen all the country which had be-long-ed to France\\nfor one hundred and fifty years, now became the\\nprop-er-ty of England. Detroit was sur-ren-der-ed\\nto a small force of British troops, under Major Robert\\nRogers, on the 8th of Sep-tem-ber, 1760. The flag\\nof France which had floated over the fort for sixty\\nyears, was hauled down, and the Red Cross of Eng-\\nland furled from its staff.\\nThe French troops were sent to Phil-a-del-phi-a,\\nand the people\\nwho con-sent-\\ned to become\\nthe sub-jects of\\nthe King of\\nEngland, were\\nal-low-ed to re-\\nmain and keep\\ntheir prop-er-\\nty. It is said\\nthe In-di-ans\\nwere much per-\\nplex-ed at see-\\ning the large French force sur-ren-der to the few\\nEnglish troops who came to oc-cu-py the fort. They\\ncould not un-der-stand it, and when a year later, the\\nposts of Mack-i-naw, Green Bay and Sault St. Marie,\\nwere taken pos-ses-sion of by the English, the In-\\nMON-TRE-AL IN 1760, FROM AN OLD PRINT.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "100 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncli-ans became greatly a-larm-ed. They thought, no\\ndoubt, they were to lose the whole earth.\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nPON-TI-AC S CON-SPIR-A-CY.\\nWhile Major Rogers, of the English army, was\\non his way to oc-cu-py Detroit, he was met one night,\\njust as his men were pre-par-ing to encamp, by a\\nband of In-di-ans, who di-rect-ed him to make no fur-\\nther effort to enter the country, as their Chief had\\nbarred their way.\\nWho is your Chief? in-quir-ed the Major.\\nPon-ti-ac; ruler of all this country! was the\\nanswer.\\nThe Major said he would like to see this great\\nPon-ti-ac, if he was in that neigh-bor-hood. The\\nband dis-ap-pear-ed, and in a short time the pow-er-\\nful Chief pre-sent-ed himself to the of-fi-cer. In a\\nvery haughty manner Pon-ti-ac in-quir-ed, what his\\nbus-i-ness was in that country, and how he had dared\\nto enter it without his per-mis-sion?\\nMajor Rogers then told him about the defeat of\\nthe French, which Pon-ti-ac, of course, knew all\\nabout, but was sa-ga-cious enough to try to secure for", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "PON-TI-AC.\\nlOI", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "I02 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe In-dl-ans the best terms pos-si-ble, in the change\\nof the country s oc-cu-pa-tion.\\nMajor Rogers told Pon-ti-ac the English wished\\nto live in peace with the In-di-ans, and would do as\\nwell by them as the French had done. The pipe of\\npeace was smoked, and the troops, after a few days,\\nwere al-low-ed to proceed to Detroit. But still, the\\nChief was as much an en-e-my to the English as he\\nhad ever been. He de-clar-ed *the red men had but\\none father, and he was King of France.\\nThe year after, when the British forces had taken\\npos-ses-sion of all the French forts, towns and vil-la-\\nges, and Pon-ti-ac began to fear the happy hunting\\ngrounds of all the tribes were about to pass into the\\nhands of the English, he de-ter-min-ed to make one\\nlast, he-ro-ic effort, to save his people and his coun-\\ntry. To suc-cess-ful-ly ac-com-plish this bold design,\\nPon-ti-ac was o-blig-ed to resort to con-spir-a-cy.\\nRecalled the Chiefs of the Huron, Pot-ta-wat-o-mies,\\nI-ro-quois, Sen-e-cas, Del-a-wares, and others, to a\\nsecret council. To them he poured out his fears and\\ngriefs. He showed them how their good friends,\\nthe French, had been driven from their forts and\\nhomes; that unless they u-ni-ted to destroy ev-er-y\\nin-vad-ing English man, woman or child, their lands\\nand homes would be taken from them, when they\\nmust become slaves, or worse starve to death.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, 103\\nAt this time, in 1763, there were thirteen forts\\nand posts west of the Al-le-gha-nies, gar-ri-son-ed by\\nthe Enghsh, to-wit: Forts Mack-i-naw, Pont-char-\\ntrain, at Detroit, St. Josephs, Chartres, San-dus-ky,\\nMi-am-i, Oua-tan-on, Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, Ve-\\nnan-go, Ni-ag-a-ra and DuQuesne. It wasde-cid-ed\\nto attack these as nearly on the same day as pos-si-\\nble. Pon-ti-ac, who was made Gen-er-al-in-Chief\\nof all the tribes, chose for his share in this bloody\\nwork the fort at Detroit. So secret had been all his\\nmovements, that he be-liev-ed there could be no fail-\\nure of his plan. Mes-sen-gers had been sent back\\nand forth between the tribes, the number of English\\ntroops counted at all the forts, and ev-er-y-thing was\\nin read-i-ness for the attack on the 6th of May, 1763.\\nOn the 26th of May, the gar-ri-son of Fort St.\\nJoseph num-ber-ed but fourteen soldiers and one\\nensign. The day was bright and warm. As the\\nsoldiers were em-ploy-ed in the va-ri-ous duties re-\\nquir-ed in camp life, quite a party of Pot-ta-wat-o-mies\\ncare-less-ly strolled into the fort, as though in-tend-ing\\nmerely to pay a friendly visit to the new comers in\\ntheir midst. Shortly, others saun-ter-ed in. All at\\nonce the fierce war-whoop pierced the ears of the\\ntroops, and in less time than it takes to tell the fear-\\nful story, ten soldiers lay dead at the blood-stained\\nfeet of the sav-a-ees. The ensien and three of his", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "104 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nmen, who had es-cap-ed the blows of the cruel tom-a-\\nhawk, were now bound, hand and foot, and held\\npris-on-ers for future death or exchange, as it should\\nplease their captors.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nMAS-SA-CRE AT FORT MACK-I-NAW.\\nAt this time, Mack-i-naw was a set-tle-ment of\\nabout thirty houses. Cedar pickets en-cir-cled the\\ntwo acres of ground on which these houses stood.\\nThe In-di-ans still con-sid-er-ed the French alone had\\nthe right to trade with them, and although the King of\\nFrance had form-al-ly given up the whole country to\\nthe King of England, by the treaty of 1763, the In-\\ndi-ans would not consent to it.\\nTo show you how one of those English traders,\\nnamed Al-ex-an-der Henry, was treated, I will tell\\nyou his story, which is, also, the story of the mas-sa-\\ncre of Fort Mack-i-naw. It seems, in those days, to\\ndo any bus-i-ness with the In-di-ans, the consent of\\nthe English Gov-ern-ment must be ob-tain-ed, the\\nsame as had been re-quir-ed from the French. When\\nMr. Henry had the per-mis-sion to trade, and had\\na house in which to store his goods, he re-ceiv-ed", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 105\\nword that a whole band of Chip-pe-was had come to\\nmake him a visit. He sent for an In-di-an in-ter-\\npret-er, as he had heard the Chip-pe-was would never\\nallow an English trader to stay in their country.\\nOne day, about two o clock in the af-ter-noon,\\nsixty Chip-pe-was, headed by their Chief, walked\\nsingle file into his house, each with his scalping-\\nknife in one hand, and tom-a-hawk in the other.\\nMost of them had on deer-skin pant-a-loons. Their\\nbreasts and arms were naked, but painted with a sort\\nof white clay, in many patterns. Their faces, in\\nstrange contrast to their bodies, were be-smear-ed\\nwith black grease, and looked very much like a well-\\nbrushed boot.\\nSome had wild turkies feathers stuck through\\nthe grisde of the nose, while the heads of others,\\nwere a-dorn-ed with crowns of the same.\\nAt a signal from the Chief, all seated themselves\\nupon the floor, and began to smoke their pipes.\\nThen the Chief, who was about fifty years old, and\\nover six feet high, asked Mr. Henry, how long it\\nhad been since he left Mon-tre-al? Being told, he\\ncalmly said: The English, it seems, are not afraid\\nof death, since they have dared to come among their\\nen-e-mies.\\nWhen their to-bac-co had been smoked, the Chief,\\nafter a long silence, arose and took a few strinsfs of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "Jo6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwampum in his hand, and begun a speech. He said:\\nTheir father, the King of France, was old and weak,\\nand being tired with the war the Enghsh had made\\nupon him, had fallen asleep but, when he awoke, he\\nwould be able to destroy ev-er-y Eng-lish-man in\\nCan-a-da. If the English had driven out the French,\\nthey had not yet driven out the In-di-ans. They\\nwere not slaves! These lakes and woods and mount-\\nains were left them by their fathers, and they would\\npart with none of them! These were the sources\\nfrom which they were sup-pli-ed with food and cloth-\\ning. Then, seeing his braves were be-com-ing ex-\\nci-ted, he ad-dress-ed Mr. Henry di-rect-ly, saying:\\nBut, as you come in peace, we shall not treat you\\nas an en-e-my, and in token of our friendship, now\\noffer you this pipe to smoke with us. Mr. Henry\\ntook the pipe, drew three whifs, passed it to the\\nChief who did the same, after which, all in the room\\nre-peat-ed the cer-e-mo-ny. Mr. Henry then made\\na speech, and prom-is-ed to abide by their wishes,\\nand to give them at parting, a cask of English\\nmilk (rum).\\nMr. Henry now thought ev-er-y-thing settled,\\nand hired men to take his goods to the In-di-an vil-\\nla-ges along the shore of the lakes. Just before they\\nwere ready to start, how-ev-er, news came that the\\nOt-ta-was, an-oth-er tribe, were ap-proach-ing, two", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 107\\nhundred strong. They en-ter-ed the stockade, and\\nsent an in-ter-pret-er to command Mr. Henry s im-me-\\ndi-ate presence. Without delay the trader an-swer-ed\\nthe request. The Chief then told him, unless he\\ngave to each of his braves, young and old, goods and\\nam-mu-ni-tion to the amount of fifty beaver skins, 07t\\ncredit, his men would not be al-low-ed to visit the\\nIn-di-an vil-la-ges on the lakes and the Mis-sis-sip-pi.\\nThey gave Mr. Henry a day to con-sid-er the pro-\\npos-al. At the end of this time, he had con-clud-ed\\nhe had not enough goods to go round, and so told\\nthe Chief.\\nHe now ex-pect-ed to lose ev-er-y-thing but late\\nin the af-ter-noon, to his great joy, he heard that a\\ncom-pa-ny of British soldiers were coming to protect\\nthe post, and were then but five miles away. The\\nnight was spent by him, how-ev-er, in hourly ex-\\npec-ta-tion of an attack but when morning dawned,\\nthe Ot-ta-was had left, and the English soldiers had\\nar-riv-ed. Then he sent his traders on their routes.\\nAfter the troops had been some time in the fort,\\nabout a year, and had become used to frontier life,\\nan old In-di-an named Wa-wa-tam, came to Mr.\\nHenry s store, bringing him a present of dried ven-i-\\nson, maple-sugar, and some beaver-skins. He said\\nhe had wished to adopt an Eng-lish-man that in\\na dream the Great Spirit had pointed out him Mn", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "io8 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nHenry as the best brother he could take. Would he\\nreceive his presents, and become one of his fam-i-ly?\\nMr. Henry could not refuse, and so they smoked\\nthe pipe of re-la-tion-ship to-geth-er. While they\\nsmoked, Wa-wa-tam asked whether the com-man-\\ndant at the fort had heard any bad news; and why\\nfour hundred Chip-pe-was and Sacks were en-camp-\\ned so near the fort? adding, that for a long time,\\nhis sleep had been dis-turb-ed by the noise of evil\\nwinds. He tried to persuade Mr. Henry to go with\\nhim that very day, up to Sault St. Marie; but the\\ntrader waited for the return of his hunters from the\\nlakes, and was not able to leave. The In-di-an and\\nhis wife, not wishing to tell the secret they held in\\ntheir hearts, de-part-ed in sadness. The next day\\nwas the King of England s birthday the 4th of\\nJune. The morning was hot, and the In-di-ans were\\ngoing to play a game of bog-gat-ta-way a game\\nplayed with a bat and ball, sim-i-lar to those used in\\nthe game of polo. It is a very ex-cit-ing sport, and\\nsometimes six or seven hundred are en-gag-ed in the\\ngame at once, that is, If the space is large enough.\\nThe posts of the con-test-ants are driven down,\\nsome-times miles apart, and the ball must be driven\\nfrom home all the time. They run and yell and fall\\nover each other in the chase for it, hundreds at a\\ntime.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, log\\nOn the day of the 4th, when the sport was at Its\\nheight and the noise deaf-en-ing, and the of-fi-cers\\nand soldiers were standing outside the gate, un-arm-\\ned, watching the players, the ball was thrown over\\nthe stockade. While the of-fi-cers had re-main-ed\\nwithout the in-clo-sure, a number of squaws had\\nslipped in, car-ry-ing knives and tom-a-hawks under\\ntheir blankets. As the ball landed, not far from\\nwhere Mr. Henry s house was, he looked out of the\\nwindow and soon saw a hundred braves, rushing\\ninto the fort after it. In a moment the war-whoop\\nre-sound-ed in the ears of the E nglish of-fi-cers. The\\nsquaws passed to each brave a scalping-knife or\\ntom-a-hawk both being used in their pit-i-less work.\\nHere and there Henry could see the en-ra-ged sav-a-\\nges scooping up the blood of his coun-try-men, and\\ndrinking it to quench their hor-ri-ble thirst. He\\ncould bear the sight no longer, and, jumping a fence\\nbetween his house and that of a Frenchman named\\nLanglade, he ran into the presence of the fam-i-ly,\\nand begged Mr. Langlade to secrete him. A Paw-\\nnee woman, a slave of the Langlade s, beck-on-ed the\\ntrader to follow her, and o-pen-ing a door which led\\nto the garret, they ran up, the woman re-turn-ing\\nsoon after, with the key of the door in her pocket.\\nBut a short time had e-laps-ed, when sev-er-al In-di-\\nans ap-pear-ed, and in-quir-ed if any Eng-lish-men", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "no HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwere in the house. Mr. Langlade re-pH-ed, that\\nhe could not say; they must see for themselves.\\nThey began searching the house, and when they\\ncame to the garret door, found it locked. While one\\nof their number went for the key, Mr. Henry saw\\nsome rolls of birch-bark in a heap in the dark corner.\\nInto one of these he crawled, and when the In-di-ans\\nwere able to open the door, no one was to be found\\nin the garret. Dis-ap-point-ed at not having his scalp\\nto show as a trophy to the other blood-thirsty mur-\\nder-ers at the fort, they de-scend-ed the stairs in an\\nugly mood. There was a feather-bed in the attic,\\nand the poor, tired, and ter-ri-fi-ed man now threw\\nhimself upon it, and tried to rest.\\nAt night it began to rain, and the wife of Mr.\\nLanglade went to the garret to stop a hole in the\\nroof. She was sur-pris-ed to find Mr. Henry there.\\nShe told him sev-en-ty of the English gar-ri-son and\\nin-hab-it-ants had been killed, and twenty were still\\nalive. He asked her for some water, which she\\nbrought him, and when the door was again locked,\\nhe fell asleep for the last time for many hours.\\nThe next morning voices were heard below again\\nasking for the English trader, Henry. Mr. Henry\\nnow ex-pect-ed to die, and re-sign-ed to his fate, sat\\nqui-et-ly on his bed waiting their approach. Up the\\nsav-a-ges came, all nearly naked, and brand-ish-ing", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. m\\ntheir scalping-knives above their heads. Upon see-\\ning the object of their search, one In-di-an caught\\nhim by the collar of his coat, and looking him stead-\\ni-ly in the face for a moment, at last dropped his arm\\nand said: I won t kill you. Then or-der-ing him\\nto go down stairs, they made him take off his clothes,\\ntelling him if he did not wish to go to the fort naked,\\nhe could put on the cast-off garments of his robber\\nIn-di-an. Meeting a young Chip-pe-wa on the way,\\nwho owed him for goods, the drunken savage cried\\nout, T will pay you before long. When the fort\\nwas reached, his tor-ment-ors did not enter, but\\npressed him on to the woods. Mr. Henry re-fus-ed\\nto go further, saying he thought they were going to\\nmurder him. At this, an In-di-an seized his arm,\\nand was about to plunge his knife into Mr. Henry s\\nbreast, when he gave a sudden turn and re-leas-ed\\nhimself Running with all his might he reached\\nMr. Langlade s house again, fol-low-ed by the leap-\\ning and howling savage. The Can-a-di-an was suc-\\ncess-ful in per-suad-ing the In-di-an to allow Mr.\\nHenry to remain with him for the night, and en-ter-\\ning his garret he hoped to pass the night in safety.\\nAt ten o clock he was called down, but to his great\\njoy, there stood Major Eth-er-ing, Mr. Bostwick,\\nLieu-ten-ant Leslie, of-fi-cers of the fort, whose lives\\nhad been spared, but who were held as pris-on-ers.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "112 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nAll re-main-ed quiet for the night, but the next\\nmorning they were or-der-ed to embark in a canoe\\nmanned by seven In-di-ans. With ropes about their\\nnecks, and tied to a bar fas-ten-ed to the canoe, the\\nonly clothing upon their persons a thin shirt, they\\nwere rowed, in the cool morning air, sev-en-teen\\nmiles, landing at Fox Point, Lake Mich-i-gan.\\nAt the sound of the war-whoop, an Ot-ta-wa ap-\\npear-ed upon the beach, and sig-nal-ed them to land.\\nBefore the boat could reach the shore, a band of Ot-\\nta-was ran through the shallow water, seized the pris-\\non-ers and dragged them on shore. Now, they ex-\\npect-ed death in-stant-ly, and Mr. Henry pre-par-ed\\nfor the third time to leave the world. After some\\ndelay, and par-ley-ing, the pris-on-ers learned, to their\\ngreat joy, that they were in the hands of friends;\\nthat the Ot-ta-was were of-fend-ed at the Chip-pe-was,\\nbecause they had made the attack on the fort with-\\nout con-sult-ing them.\\nThe English were car-ri-ed back to the fort, the\\nChip-pe-was driven out, and the Ot-ta-was put in\\ncommand.\\nAfter a night of council between the two tribes,\\nthe pris-on-ers again found themselves at the mercy\\nof their old captors.\\nOn the 7th of June, Mr. Henry s old friend,\\nWa-wa-tam, en-ter-ed the lodcfe where he w^ con-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 113\\nfin-ed, and, in passing, gave him his hand. A coun-\\ncil was to be held. When the Chief ap-pear-ed,\\nWa-wa-tam took a seat by him, and both smoked\\nwithout ut-ter-ing a word. This done he left the\\nlodge, and passing near Mr. Henry, said, cheer\\nup. Soon after, the old In-di-an re-turn-ed with\\nhis wife, both loaded down with goods, which they\\nlaid at the feet of the Chief. Then Wa-wa-tam said\\nAll of you have friends, brothers and children.\\nHow would you feel to see them slaves? this is my\\ncase, as you all know. I a-dopt-ed him long before\\nthe war begun, and how can you break the cord that\\nbinds us to-geth-er? I bring these goods to buy\\noff ev-er-y claim which any may have against my\\nbrother. The Chief re-pli-ed, that he knew all;\\nand for his trust-i-ness in not be-tray-ing them before\\nthe mas-sa-cre, he would take the goods and release\\nhis brother, which was done upon the spot.\\nWa-wa-tam took Mr. Henry home with him.\\nHe was safe; but his coun-try-men, what became of\\nthem\\nShortly after he heard a noise in the prison lodge,\\nand going to the spot, he saw seven bodies dragged\\nout, these having been killed by a chief who had been\\naway during the mas-sa-cre, but who wished to show\\nhis loy-al-ty to the cause, by dipping his hands in the\\nblood of the hated English.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nMr. Henry was com-pell-ed to disguise himself\\nas an In-di-an for a whole year, when a council being\\ncalled to meet at Mon-tre-al, he begged to ac-com-\\npa-ny the tribe, which request was at last agreed to.\\nI think my young readers will say this man s\\nescape was almost mi-rac-u-lous.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nPON-TI-AC S ATTACK ON DETROIT.\\nOn the af-ter-noon of the day before the attack\\non Fort Pont-char-train, at Detroit, was to be made,\\nan In-di-an girl whom, it was said, the com-man-\\ndant. Major Gladwyn, thought much of, and who,\\nyou will doubtless say when you have heard her\\nstory, thought much of the com-man-dant came\\nto the fort to present the Major with a pair of pretty\\nem-broid-er-ed slippers. The Major called her\\nCath-a-rine. But this was only a fine excuse\\nwhich Cath-a-rine made for going to the fort, at a\\ntime when her errand might be sus-pect-ed. As she\\nen-ter-ed the room of the com-man-dant, her dark\\neyes were cast down, and her pretty face shad-dow-ed\\nwith sadness.\\nMajor Gladwyn called her to his side, and in-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^^5\\nquir-ed the cause of her gloom. Cath-a-rine did not\\nhke to betray her own people, and for some time re-\\nmain-ed silent. The Major pressed her again to\\nconfide in him the cause of her sorrow. At length,\\nin a shy and half-fright-en-ed manner, Cath-a-rine\\nsaid: To-mor-row, Pon-ti-ac will come to the fort\\nwith sixty Chiefs. They will seem friendly; they will\\nwish to hold a council with you. But, take care!\\nthey are your\\nAs\\nen-e-mies.\\nthey march into\\nthe fort, watch\\nthem. They\\nwill all be arm-\\ned with guns\\ncut short, and\\nhidden under\\ntheir blankets.\\nPon-ti-ac will\\nask to talk with\\nyou, and after he has talked, he will offer a belt of\\nwampum to be at peace with you but he will not\\nhand it to you in the right way. When the braves\\nsee this, they will spring up, and fire upon you and\\nyour of-fi-cers, and the In-di-ans outside the fort will\\nrush in and kill ev-er-y Eng-lish-man here; but the\\nscalp of a Frenchman will not be touched.\\nCATH-A-RINE RE-VEAL-ING THE CON-SPIR-A-CY OF\\nPON-TI-AC.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "ii6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nWhen the Major heard this, he pressed the hand\\nof Cath-a-rine with thank-ful-ness, and told her to go\\nback to the In-di-an village, not far off, in order that\\nno one should suspect her.\\nThe fort was put in r \\\\ad-i-ness the men well\\narmed, and sev-er-al were de-tail-ed for special duty\\nat Major Gladwyn s side.\\nWhen Pon-ti-ac knocked the next day, in com-\\npany with his Chiefs, he was shown into the presence\\nof the com-man-dant, who looked at him sternly, and\\nwaited his approach. Pon-ti-ac saw he had been\\ndis-cov-er-ed, but was so much master of himself\\nthat he re-main-ed per-fect-ly calm, and in-quir-ed\\nWhy do I see so many of my father s young\\nmen standing about with their guns?\\nMajor Glad wyn re-pli-ed as calmly: **The sol-\\ndiers are under arms for ex-er-cise and dis-ci-pline.\\nThen Pon-ti-ac and his braves seated themselves\\nupon the mats, and begun to smoke. Hold-ing the\\nwampum belt in his hand, the Chief began to make\\na speech, in which he pro-fess-ed great friendship for\\nthe English but, when upon the point of raising the\\nbelt, as Cath-a-rine had said he would, the Major\\nquickly passed his hand across his forehead the\\nsignal agreed upon with his men then the sudden\\nclashing of arms was heard throughout the fort.\\nDrums were beaten, and a squad of soldiers marched", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. irj\\ninto the au-di-ence room of the Major, and took po-si-\\ntion behind him.\\nPon-ti-ac was con-found-ed. His sus-pi-cions\\nwere re-al-iz-ed. Major Gladwyn had been made\\naware of his in-tend-ed attack. But he would put\\non the best face pos-si-ble, present the belt, and lis-\\nten to what the com-man-dant had to say.\\nGladwyn re-ceiv-ed the gift, his eyes fixed sternly\\nupon the Chief. After a short pause, in which both\\nap-pear-ed un-mov-ed, the Major said: As long as\\nyou and your fol-low-ers deserve it, you will receive\\nthe friendship of the English, and will be ben-e-fit-ed\\nthereby but, upon the first ag-gress-ive act, you will\\nbe vis-it-ed by the direst vengeance our armies can\\nbring upon you.\\nThe gates were there-up-on o-pen-ed, and the In-\\ndi-ans qui-et-ly passed out. When, at some distance\\nfrom the fort, Pon-ti-ac re-la-ted to the as-sem-bled\\ntribes what had hap-pen-ed. They yelled and danced\\nabout with rage. They had failed in taking the fort as\\nthey had ex-pect-ed to do. But Pon-ti-ac fa-vor-ed\\nthe ap-pear-ance of con-tin-u-ed friendship with the\\nEnglish. He would go the next day and en-deav-or\\nto find out just how much Major Gladwyn knew.\\nIn com-pa-ny with three Chiefs he ap-pear-ed at\\nthe gate of the fort, and de-mand-ed to see the of-fi-\\ncer, at the same time raising in his hand the sacred", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "ii8 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncal-u-met. They were ad-m it-ted, and as Pon-ti-ac\\npre-sent-ed the pipe, he said\\nMy father! evil birds have sung Hes in your\\nears. We, that stand before you, are the true friends\\nof the EngHsh. We love you as our brothers, and\\nto prove our love we have come this day to smoke\\nwith you the pipe of peace.\\nWhen the smoking was over, Pon-ti-ac left the\\npipe as a pledge of his sin-cer-i-ty. The next day\\ngreat numbers of In-di-ans were no-tic-ed gath-er-\\ning around the fort, and when Pon-ti-ac came there\\nagain he found it closed against him. In a tow-er-\\ning rage he strode back to his braves, who lay upon\\ntheir bellies just outside the reach of the fort s guns.\\nSeeing the di-a-bol-ic-al look of Pon-ti-ac they leaped\\nto their feet, and running to a house owned by an\\nEnglish woman, they burst in the door, and in-\\nstant-ly mur-der-ed all its inmates. Then a band ran\\nto the river, sprang into their canoes, and paddling\\nto an island near Detroit, on which stood a house\\nalso owned by an English subject, dragged the man\\nfrom his hiding place and killed him on the spot.\\nPon-ti-ac was not a mur-der-er. He wished to\\nbe con-sid-er-ed a soldier, and taking a canoe he\\ncrossed the river to an Ot-ta-wa village, and or-der-ed\\nthe tribe to cross the river to aid in the attack to be\\nmade at an early day on the fort. Ev-er-y man in", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. iig\\nthe fort was now put under arms. All night the\\nlittle gar-ri-son waited for the attack. Nothing oc-\\ncur-red, how-ev-er, until daylight, when the war-\\nwhoop sounded, and the bullets of the sav-a-ges be-\\ngan to knock against the wooden in-clos-ure. The\\nIn-di-ans were se-cre-ted behind a clump of out-build-\\nings, at which one of the guns of the fort was pointed.\\nThe red-hot spikes shot from the cannon soon set fire\\nto these, and the In-di-ans took to the woods. The\\nassault lasted six hours. Five of the English were\\nwounded, but not many In-di-ans were hurt.\\nAfter a time the com-man-dant saw he would\\nsoon need pro-vis-ions, and sent two Frenchmen,\\nnamed Chap-e-ton and Godefroy, to find out what\\nPon-ti-ac wished. Major Gladwyn not knowing about\\nthe up-ris-ing of all the I n-di-ans under Pon-ti-ac.\\nPon-ti-ac re-ceiv-ed the two men kindly, where-\\nup-on Chap-e-ton urged him to raise the siege.\\nIf Major Campbell will come to my camp, said\\nthe Chief, we will smoke the pipe of peace to-geth-er,\\nand settle ev-er-y-thing.\\nMajor Gladwyn, when he heard Pon-ti-ac s re-\\nquest, was afraid all would not be well with Major\\nCampbell, should he accept Pon-ti-ac s pro-pos-al.\\nBut Campbell in-sist-ed upon going, hoping thereby\\nto prevent further bloodshed. Lieu-ten-ant McDou-\\ngal, and sev-er-al others, ac-com-pa-ni-ed the Major.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "120\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nAr-riv-ed at the camp all were seated, when Pon-\\nti-ac of-fer-ed a speech, which, how-ev-er, con-vey-ed\\nnothing of im-port-ance to the vis-it-ors. Major\\nCampbell re-pli-ed to him. For a whole hour they\\nwaited for\\nPon-ti-ac to\\nanswer. Dur-\\ning this time\\nthe sav-a-ges\\nwere throng-\\ning about the\\nlodge in great\\nnumbers. At\\nlength Major\\nCampbell re-\\nmarked that\\n**it was time\\nfor him and\\nhis friends to\\nreturn to the\\nfort.\\nPon-ti-ac\\nmerely mov-\\ned his hand,\\nand said, pointing to Campbell: *My father will\\nsleep to-night in the lodge of his red children.\\nPon-ti-ac in-tend-ed to keep him pris-on-er; and,\\nTHE OLD RED MILL.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 121\\nat the right time, offer him his Hb-er-ty for the sur-\\nren-der of the fort.\\nOne day when the Major was al-low-ed to walk\\nabout the camp, he was fired upon by an am-bush-ed\\nIn-di-an and killed. Pon-ti-ac was fu-ri-ous at this\\nfiendish act, and de-clar-ed torture for the war-ri-or,\\nif caught.\\nIn con-nec-tion with the death of Major Camp-\\nbell, a story is told by Mrs. Hamlin, in her Legends\\nof Detroit. It is this: At the time of Col-on-el\\nRogers capture of Detroit, there lived in an old\\nstone mill, a Can-a-di-an fam-i-ly, who had a-dopt-ed\\nan In-di-an girl of Pon-ti-ac s tribe. She was pretty,\\nand warmly ad-mir-ed by Major Campbell. When-\\nev-er the Major wished to see her, and she wished to\\nsee him, and there were none of the jealous Ot-ta-wa\\nbraves about, the In-di-an girl would place a lighted\\ncandle in a window of the mill. This light twink-\\nling across the water could be seen at the fort, and\\nthe Major would hasten to obey its summons.\\nThis pretty In-di-an girl, had long been loved by\\nWasson, a Sag-i-naw brave. He had brought to her\\nthe finest beaver-skins he could find beads, shells,\\nand gay feathers, but she raised not one of these\\npresents from the ground, where they had been\\nthrown at her feet. En-ra-ged at this coldness, Was-\\nson began to inquire the reason. Dis-cov-er-ing it,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "122 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhe de-ter-min-ed to be re-veng-ed seeing the candle\\nat the window one night, he hur-ri-ed to the spot.\\nFinding her alone, he up-braid-ed her for de-sert-ing\\nher race, and loving a white man; and, raising his\\ntom-a-hawk, in a moment bur-i-ed it in her brain.\\nSoon splashingoars were heard, and the panting\\nlover was at the door. Wasson stood with up-rais-ed\\narm to strike him to the ground, when footsteps were\\nheard along the pathway. The fam-i-ly had re-\\nturn-ed. Both men made their escape; the In-di-an\\nmaiden was ten-der-ly laid in her early grave by her\\nfoster parents. But Wasson had only half done his\\nwork. He lay in wait for Major Campbell, and,\\nwhen Pon-ti-ac kept him as a hostage, the brave\\nfound his op-por-tun-i-ty. He mur-der-ed the Eng-\\nlish-man, and was thus sat-is-fi-ed.\\nNo one would live in the mill after that, and\\nstrange stories were told of a dark maiden, who was\\noften seen on misty nights, standmg at the window\\nwith a lighted candle in her hand.\\nOn the 30th of May, the people in the fort found\\nthemselves almost out of pro-vis-ions, and great was\\ntheir joy when the news came, that twenty-two bat-\\nteaux, laden with guns and stores, and car-ry-ing a\\ncompany of troops, were in sight. These boats were\\ncap-tur-ed by Pon-ti-ac s forces in the Detroit River,\\nthe stores taken, and ev-er-y soldier put to death.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 123\\nFor sixty days and nights the httle gar-ri-son was\\non duty, sleeping in their clothes, with guns in hand\\nto be ready at a moment s warning.\\nOn the 29th of July, an-oth-er fleet of boats ap-\\npear-ed with three hundred reg-u-lars, under com-\\nmand of Captain Dalzell. On landing, Dalzell\\nwished to attack Pon-ti-ac s forces im-me-di-ate-ly\\nbut Major Gladwyn hes-i-ta-ted, well-knowing the\\nsol-dier-ly tactics of Pon-ti-ac, and the ad-vant-age\\nthe In-di-ans had over the gar-ri-son in thor-ough-ly\\nknowing the country; but Dalzell in-sist-ing, the\\ncom-man-dant fi-nal-ly con-sent-ed.\\nPon-ti-ac, by some mys-te-ri-ous means, had heard\\nof the pro-pos-ed attack, and placing his men behmd\\nthe bluffs o-ver-look-ing the river road the only road\\nthe British forces could take to reach him he pa-\\ntient-ly a-wait-ed the attack. At two o clock on the\\nmorning of July 3 ist, 1763, Captain Dalzell, with two\\nhundred and fifty men, of the Fifty-fifth and E ight-i-eth\\nReg-u-lars, marched out of the fort, and took the\\nroad leading to Pon-ti-ac s camp, on Parent Creek,\\nabout two and a-half miles distant from the fort.\\nThe night was very dark and hot. Lieu-ten-ant\\nBrown had been sent forward with twenty-five men.\\nMeeting an am-bush-ed force of Pon-ti-ac s braves,\\nat the bridge crossing the creek, half of Brown s\\nskirmish-line fell dead, pierced with arrows, or killed", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "124\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwith bullets from some of the armed In-di-ans. Cap-\\ntain Dalzell hearing the firing, hur-ri-ed to the front;\\nbut Pon-ti-ac and all his savage army had dis-ap-\\npear-ed.\\nIn the darkness the English could not pursue\\nthe In-di-ans, and were forced to retreat. Their re-\\ntreat had been ex-pect-ed\\nby Pon-ti-ac when he\\nplaced a line of his men\\nalong the bluffs. The\\nI-TE lJ^^ i S^T^^ English were al-low-ed to\\n^SPM^ fll^^ P^^^ along the road a\\nif^\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00abwm]i] I llTT^ife^T^;! shoj-t distance, when they\\nwere fired upon some\\nkilled, and more wound-\\ned. The re-main-ing\\ntroops slowly re-treat-ed, keeping the sav-a-ges at a\\ndistance until near the house of M. Campeau, when\\nMajor Rogers, hur-ry-ing from the fort with fresh\\ntroops, took pos-ses-sion, keeping the In-di-ans at bay\\nuntil the main body reached the fort.\\nIt was eight o clock in the morning, when the\\ndis-heart-en-ed English again en-ter-ed the gates of\\nFort Pont-char-train. They had lost two of-fi-cers\\nCaptains Dalzell and Gray seventy men killed and\\nforty wounded. Thus ended the fiercely con-test-ed\\nbattle of what is now called Bloody Run.\\nOLD CAMPEAU HOUSE.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 125\\nThe siege of the fort con-tin-u-ed for six months,\\nand it was only when Pon-ti-ac learned that a treaty\\nof peace had re-al-ly been signed by the French\\nKing, Louis XV., and the King of England, George\\nIII., that the be-sieg-ers began to dis-ap-pear.\\nPon-ti-ac sought refuge among the Miamis.\\nHe tried to persuade the French of New Orleans\\nto assist him in con-tin-u-ing hos-til-i-ties against the\\nEnglish, but failed. He was shot near St. Louis, in\\n1769, by an In-di-an of the Il-li-nois tribe, for a bar-\\nrel of whisky.\\nOf the thirteen forts Pon-ti-ac had planned to\\ntake, only three es-cap-ed Fort Pont-char-train, at\\nDetroit, Forts Ni-ag-a-ra and Du Quesne.\\nAn old white-wood tree, known at Detroit as the\\nPon-ti-ac Tree, still stands to com-mem-o-rate the\\ndeath of Captain Dalzell and his band of fallen heroes,\\nat the battle of Bloody Run.\\nCHAPTER XVL\\nMICH-I-GAN UNDER BRITISH RULE.\\nAt the time of the English oc-cu-pa-tion of what\\nis now Mich-i-gan, aside from the trading-posts of\\nDetroit, Mack-i-naw, St. Joseph s and the Missions,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "126 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nthe country was little less than a dense wil-der-ness.\\nThe troops of the gar-ri-sons, after Pon-ti-ac s at-\\ntempt to destroy them, were in-creas-ed somewhat\\nthat of Detroit re-ceiv-ing two hundred fresh men,\\nunder command of Gen-er-al Bradstreet, later, better\\nknown to the A-mer-i-can col-o-nists. The English\\nnow began to re-al-ize the power the In-di-ans had\\nfor harming their fur-trading in-ter-ests, and in-vi-ted\\nthem to a council, at which they were of-fer-ed\\npatches of gov-ern-ment land about the forts to settle\\non, and urged to adopt the ways of pleas-ant-ness\\nand peace.\\nLittle change was made in the laws gov-ern-ing\\nthe French settlers they were not made to feel un-\\ncom-fort-a-ble they could worship God, earn their\\nliving, and enjoy themselves just the same as they\\nhad done under the rule of the French King; but\\nthey were not all sat-is-fi-ed. Their love for their\\nold country. La Belle France, was still strong, and\\nmany of them could not like the English com-man-\\ndants quite as well as they had liked their own.\\nAbout this time, sev-er-al of the merchants who\\nhad been in the fur-trade, formed a com-pa-ny and\\ncalled it the Northwest Fur Com-pa-ny. Some\\nof the share-hold-ers were made agents to bring goods\\nfrom England, store them in Mon-tre-al, and af-ter-\\nward send to each post what was needed to buy furs", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 7^7\\nfrom the In-di-ans, and supply the men in their em-\\nploy. There was an-oth-er com-pa-ny called **The\\nHudson Bay Fur Com-pa-ny, char-ter-ed in 1669,\\nby Charles II. of England. After the English took\\nCan-a-da, their op-e-ra-tions were not so cir-cum-\\nscrib-ed. The men of both com-pa-nies were ruf-fi-\\nan-ly fellows, who did much to corrupt the In-di-ans,\\nmaking them first drunkards, and then robbing them\\nof their furs. They were always fighting each other,\\nbecause neither of the com-pa-nies could tell just\\nwhere their grants begun or ended, and it was\\nclairned each was con-stant-ly en-croach-ing upon the\\nter-ri-to-ry of the other.\\nNIatters fi-nal-ly came to such a pass, that Lord\\nSelkirk, at the head of the Hudson Bay Com-pa-ny,\\nbrought about a union of the two, which ended the\\nfur-trader s war.\\nAn-oth-er com-pa-ny was formed after the Rev-o-\\nlu-tion, called the *A-mer-i-can Fur Com-pa-ny.\\nJohn Jacob Astor was at the head of this, and Mack-\\ni-naw was one of their prin-ci-pal col-lect-ing stations.\\nTo show you what havoc these com-pa-nies made\\nof the wild an-i-mals of the northwest, it is re-port-ed\\nthat in the year 1774, the Northwestern sold\\n1 82,250 skins. Of this number 106,000 were beaver.\\nIf one com-pa-ny killed so many, what could have\\nbeen the number shot by the two others, and va-ri-ous", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "128\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nprivate persons? And what, you ask, was done\\nwith all this fur?\\nWell, we are told, that the great armies which\\nleft Europe to take the Holy Land from the Turks,\\nbetween 1095 and\\n1272, wore caps\\nmade of cat-skins.\\nSomewhere in the\\nEast these Cru-\\nsa-ders learned\\nthe art of felting,\\nand when they re-\\nturn-ed home they\\nmade wool hats\\nby this process.\\nThese hats, after\\na little use in the\\nsun and rain,\\nlooked much the\\nworse for wear.\\nAnd so a felt-hat-\\nter thought of\\nusins: fur instead\\nof wool. It was a happy idea for him, but one not\\nso happy for the poor an-i-mals of the northwest.\\nThese fur hats kept their shape and color better,\\nand, of course, cost three or four times as much as\\nJOHN JACOB ASTOR.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nI2g\\nthe wool ones, so that only the rich could buy them.\\nThe workmen who wanted to work all the time,\\nthought if fur could be found in a-bun-dance some-\\nwhere, these hats could be made cheaper, and more\\nTHE TRAPPER.\\npeople could have them. This was one of the ob-\\njects set forth by Champlain in his efforts to equip\\nships for traffic with the In-di-ans. The hatters of\\n\u00e2\u0084\u00a2^e wanted ipore work, and the people cheaper\\nWhen you think that ev-er-y man, almost, in the\\ntwo tem-per-ate zones, came to wear a hat made of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "ISO HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nsome sort of fur, you can have an idea of what was\\ndone with all the fur taken from A-mer-i-ca to\\nEurope. Vast fortunes were made in this in-dus-try.\\nYou have all heard of John Jacob Astor s wealth.\\nHe was a poor German boy, who came to New York\\nwhen about nineteen years old. In the ship coming\\nacross the At-lan-tic was a man who was a fur-buy-\\ner, or hunter, who became friendly with the young\\nem-i-grant, and told him all about the money that\\ncould be made in the fur bus-i-ness. As soon as John\\nJacob landed, he found a man who wanted a fur-\\nbeater. He took the place, and all the money he\\nearned he put away until he had enough to become\\na fur-dealer himself. After a while he mar-ri-ed a\\nca-pa-ble woman, who became in time very expert in\\nthe se-lec-tion of furs. In a few years Mr. Astor\\nhad ships on all the seas, car-ry-ing his wares and\\nbrino-incT the mer-chan-dise of foreiorn countries to his\\nstores in A-mer-i-ca. He died worth sev-er-al mill-\\nion, and is said to have made the remark, **that had\\nthe col-o-ny he es-tab-lish-ed at As-to-ri-a, suc-ceed-\\ned, he would have been the richest man in the whole\\nworld.\\nIm-mi-era-tion to Mich-i-ran was not en-cour-\\naged while these fur com-pa-nies held pos-ses-sion of\\nthe northwest. They wished to keep the forests as\\nthey were that their trade might not be in-jur-ed.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ijr\\nAll sorts of stories were told about the country; **the\\nclimate was un-health-y, the soil un-pro-duc-tive, and\\nlife very unsafe, owing to the un-friend-li-ness of the\\nsav-a-ges, and the great number of wild beasts.\\nEv-er-y-bod-y dealt in beaver skins; ev-er-y-bod-y was\\nin some way con-nect-ed with the fur trade.\\nIn 1773, an attempt was made to mine the silver\\nand copper ore of the south shore of Lake Su-pe-ri-or.\\nA large piece of silver ore, found near Mack-i-naw,\\nhad been car-ri-ed to England and placed in the\\nBritish Mu-se-um.\\nWith the ex-pec-ta-tion of making a great deal of\\nmoney, the Duke of Glou-ces-ter joined a com-pa-ny,\\nbought a sloop, and sent miners to take out the ore;\\nbut the venture could not be made prof-it-a-ble then,\\nowing to the lack of nec-es-sa-ry ma-chin-er-y, and\\nso the miners went back to their beaver-hunting\\nagain.\\nThe British, while in pos-ses-sion of Mich-i-gan,\\nbuilt new barracks, and greatly im-prov-ed the tra-\\nding-posts; but they were very strict in their dis-ci-\\npline. As an il-lus-tra-tion When Sir William\\nHam-il-ton was com-mand-ing at Detroit, in 1774, a\\nman had been caught stealing some beaver-skins from\\na fur dealer. A female slave had also stolen a purse\\nwith a small sum of money in it. They were both\\ntried, found guilty, and sen-tenc-ed to be hanged,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "132 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhanged, hanged and strangled until they be dead, on\\nthe Kuig s domain, and the sentence was car-ri-ed out.\\nIt would seem from this, that a very great value\\nwas put upon a beaver-skin in those days more\\nvalue than upon human life.\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nMICH-I-GAN IN THE REV-O-LU-TION-A-RY WAR.\\nWhen the thirteen col-o-nies of A-mer-i-ca, in\\n1776, de-clar-ed their in-de-pend-ence of Great Britain,\\nMich-i-gan was too far away from the seat of war for\\nher people to take an active part, had they been so\\ndis-pos-ed, and I doubt if there were very many\\nYankee rebels then, at any of her forts. The fur-\\ntraders and soldiers were all in sym-pa-thy with the\\nEnglish. As the French so the English claimed\\nhad urged the In-di-ans to attack them, when Can-a-\\nda fell into their hands, so the English now formed\\nal-li-an-ces with the In-di-ans to attack the col-o-nists.\\nThe In-di-ans were as-sem-bled at Detroit and\\nMack-i-naw, given arms, and told to go, burn and\\ndestroy the prop-er-ty of all dis-loy-al subjects on the\\nfrontiers of New York, Penn-syl-va-ni-a and Vir-\\ngin-i-a.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ijj\\nIt is said by some his-to-ri-ans, that the EngHsh\\npaid a good price for ev-er-y Yankee scalp that\\nwas brought to the forts. At one council, an In-di-an\\nis known to have handed the British com-man-dant\\na stick four feet long, strung with col-o-nists scalps,\\nat the same time saying:\\nNow, father, here is what has been done with\\nthe hatchet you gave me. I have made the use of\\nit you told me to make. Yes, and I found it sharp\\nenough, too.\\nWhen the war closed, in 1783, a treaty was\\nsigned by the King of England and the of-fi-cers of\\nthe New Re-pub-lic, which pro-vid-ed that in 1796,\\nall the forts in the northwest should be va-ca-ted by\\nthe English. But, before the time had e-laps-ed, the\\npeople of the new States began to talk about going\\nto the Great Northwest to settle, and the soldiers of\\nthe Rev-o-lu-tion-a-ry War thought they ought to\\nhave some of the land to pay them for their ser-vi-\\nces to the Re-pub-lic. The country northwest of\\nO-hi-o was then made into a ter-ri-to-ry, and Arthur\\nSt. Clair ap-point-ed as Gov-ern-or.\\nA few years before the time for the English to\\ngive up the forts in Mich-i-gan, it began to be said\\nthey did not intend to keep their promise. Baron\\nvon Steuben was sent by Wash-ing-ton to Quebec,\\nto arrange for the change but he was told they would", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "JJ4 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nnot be given up, and that certain debts due to Eng-\\nlish-men from A-mer-i-cans, had not been paid as\\nagreed upon.\\nAbout this time, the In-di-ans, en-cour-aged by\\nthe British, formed themselves into a con-fed-er-a-cy,\\nand de-clar-ed they would never allow the A-mer-i-\\ncans to oc-cu-py the land of the Great Northwest.\\nThe English had made them believe the A-mer-i-\\n_\\ncans were about to steal from them ev-er-y foot of\\nland they owned. When a large farm had been sold\\nto a settler, the In-di-ans claimed they were drunk\\nwhen they signed the deed, and asked it back.\\nAbout this time, the English had trouble in get-\\nting sailors to man her ships. She would not pay\\nas hieh wa^es as the A-mer-i-cans did, and when her\\nships en-ter-ed the At-lan-tic ports of Boston and\\nNew York, the sailors would often run away, and\\nhire out in A-mer-i-can ships. To get them back,\\nthe English would stop any vessel be-long-ing to an\\nA-mer-i-can, and search it. This the captains and\\nowners did not like, and asked the Gov-ern-ment to\\nput a stop to it. So you see that although the col-o-\\nnists had gained their in-de-pend-ence, there was still\\nall sorts of things done by England to annoy them.\\nThey hated to let them go, and thought, with the\\nhelp of the In-di-ans and tories, to whip them back\\nafter a time.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "EARLY SETTLERS IN MICH-I-GAN.\\n135", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "136 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThe Col-o-ni-al Gov-ern-ment, at the close of its\\nseven years war for in-de-pend-ence, as you all know,\\nfound itself very poor. It had no money to pay the\\nsoldiers, and so gave them land warrants and after\\nthe soldiers had the warrants, they wanted then to\\nsettle on the frontier. Ac-cord-ing-ly, all that coun-\\ntry northwest of the O-hi-o River, was called the\\nNorthwest Ter-ri-to-ry, and the lands could be sold\\nvery cheap to settlers, as well as be used to pay the\\nsoldiers. The first Gov-ern-or ap-point-ed by the\\nCol-o-ni-al Congress, for all this ter-ri-to-ry, was\\nGen-er-al Arthur St. Clair. In-di-an-a was carved\\nout of this great tract of country in 1 800, and became\\na Ter-ri-to-ry. Mich-i-gan fol-low-ed in 1805.\\nThomas Jef-fer-son was Pres-i-dent at this time.\\nHe bought from France, while Na-po-leon was Em-\\nper-or, an-oth-er large tract of country, ex-tend-ing\\nfrom New Mex-i-co to British A-mer-i-ca, and from\\nthe Mis-sis-sip-pi River to the Rocky Mountains.\\nSo now the people of the new States could well\\nsay to the Old World, Come over and settle with\\nus. We have land enough for us, and will give you\\nall a farm. Althoucrh Enoland had acrreed to our\\noc-cu-py-ing Mich-i-gan s forts and trading-posts m\\n1796, when the time came, and Gen-er-al Wayne s\\ntroops en-ter-ed Detroit, and, for the first time, the\\nstars and stripes floated from the flag-staff of the fort.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ijy\\nthe British soldiers were so angry at being com-\\npell-ed to leave, that they filled the gar-ri-son well\\nwith stones, broke all the windows of the barracks,\\nlocked the gates of the fort, and gave the keys to an\\nold negro.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nMICH-I-GAN IN THE WAR OF l8l2.\\nThe In-di-an Chief, Te-cum-seh, now tried to help\\nthe English to hold the northwest, as Pon-ti-ac had\\ntried to help the French do the same thing, fifty\\nyears before. He formed an In-di-an con-fed-er-a-cy,\\nor union, with all the tribes he could get to join him.\\nTe-cum-seh was a Shawnee Chief. He had a\\nbrother who called himself a Prophet. He told\\nthe In-di-ans to give up ev-er-y kind of food and\\nliquor the whites had taught them to use and drink.\\nHe called the chiefs of the nu-mer-ous tribes to-\\ngeth-er, and told them Te-cum-seh, their greatest\\nfriend, had sent him to tell them about a dream he\\nhad had. Te-cum-seh had met the Great Spirit a\\nshort time before. The Great Spirit had told him\\nin con-fi-dence, that He was the Father of the French,\\nthe English, the Spaniards, and the In-di-ans; but", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "ijS\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nthe A-mer-i-cans had had no maker. They were\\nmade of the scum of the great water while it was\\ntroubled by the Evil Spirt. In order to brush away\\nthis scum from off the face of the earth, that it might\\nCAPTURE OF A WHITE SETTLEr s WIFE.\\nbe peopled with their friends, Te-cum-seh had sent\\nfor the braves of ev-er-y tribe to join him in a war\\nagainst this very common people. The whole ter-\\nri-to-ry of Mich-i-gan at this time 1 809 con-tain-ed\\nonly about five thousand in-hab-it-ants.\\nIn 181 1, Te-cum-seh s war-ri-ors were known to\\nbe ready for an attack upon the frontier towns. They", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ijg\\nhad built a blacksmith s shop upon the Kal-a-ma-zoo\\nRiver, where hundreds of scalping-knives and hatch-\\nets had been made for the sav-a-ges. The children\\nand squaws had raised corn enough during the sum-\\nmer to last them on their marches. The forts of\\nDetroit, Fort Wayne, Chi-ca-go, St. Louis and Vin-\\ncenn-es, were those se-lect-ed by Te-cum-seh to be\\nfirst at-tack-ed.\\nThe Gov-ern-ment being in-form-ed of Te-cum-\\nseh s plans, sent twelve hundred troops into O-hi-o,\\nwhich number was here in-creas-ed to sixteen hundred\\nby vol-un-teers. Gen-er-al Har-ri-son was in charge of\\na Di-vi-sion at this time. While Te-cum-seh was in\\nthe South telling the Creek and Sem-i-nole In-di-ans\\nthat the English would aid them in driving the\\nA-mer-i-cans from off the face of the earth, Gen-er-al\\nHar-ri-son marched on the Prophet s village, and de-\\nmand-ed the dis-per-sion of the In-di-ans to their own\\nhomes; that the mur-der-ers of white men be handed\\nover to him, and all the plunder taken in their dep-\\nre-da-tions upon the settlers be given up. This re-\\nquest was not agreed to, and the Prophet at-tack-ed\\nGen-er-al Har-ri-son atTip-pe-ca-noe, on the Wabash\\nRiver, No-vem-ber 7th, 181 1.\\nIt is said an In-di-an named Lynx Eye, and\\na pretty squaw, car-ri-ed the first news to Gen-er-al\\nHar-ri-son, at Vin-cenn-es, of the Prophet s plan to", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "1^0\\nHISTOR,Y OF MICHIGAN.\\nattack him. During his Brother Te-cum-seh s ab-\\nsence, the va-ri-ous bands, with the Prophet as com-\\nmand-er, had as-sem-bled and en-camp-ed about four\\nmiles up the Tip-pe-ca-noe River, in In-di-an-a.\\nf-v\\nTHE WAY THE TIP-PE-CA-NOE BATTLE-GROUND LOOKS TO DAY\\nAt the junction of the Wabash and Tip-pe-ca-noe,\\nnear where La-fay-ette now stands, Gen-er-al Har-ri-\\nson qui-et-ly landed with a force of eight hundred\\nmen. Scouts were soon after sent out to dis-cov-er\\nwhat the Prophet in-tend-ed to do. After killing a\\nShawnee sen-ti-nel, the scout got near enough to the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i^r\\ncamp to hear the fol-low-ing con-ver-sa-tion between\\ntwo ren-e-gade hunters: The Gov ner will get torch\\nand knife to-mor-row night. The Prophet s afraid\\nwhen Te-cum-seh comes back he won t fight, and the\\ntribes are crazy to take ev-er-y white scalp on the\\nborder. When the scout came back and told Gen-\\ner-al Har-ri-son what he had heard, the Gen-er-al\\nhoped the attack would be made while Te-cum-seh\\nwas away, because he was sure then of winning a\\nvic-to-ry.\\nThe white settlers were told of the expected at-\\ntack. Har-ri-son s camp was for-ti-fi-ed. Col-o-nel\\nBoyd had placed in front of each of the breast-\\nworks a pile of dry wood, wet with tur-pen-tine, the\\nnight of the ex-pect-ed attack. A little before dawn\\nthe camp was a-rous-ed by a line of In-di-ans coming\\nthrough the woods, bearing blazing torches, march-\\ning to the music of a drum and their wild war-song.\\nA friendly In-di-an, named Dead Shot, standing\\nnear Gen-er-al Har-ri-son at the time, said: That\\nis not a true assault. They will attack from the\\nwater side.\\nAfter waving their torches, and ending their mu-\\nsic with a loud shout, ev-er-y light was sud-den-ly put\\nout. Then Gen-er-al Har-ri-son or-der-ed the pile\\nof dry wood kindled, when, by the blazing light,\\nthe whole woods seemed to be cov-er-ed with dark,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "1^2\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncrawling forms. The A-mer-i-cans rose up and fired\\na volley from over the breast-works. Some of the\\nIn-di-ans were killed, but hundreds now sprang to\\ntheir feet, and a shower of arrows swept the top of\\nthe wooden breast-works. Had not a great number\\nof loop-holes been made in the in-trench-ments, at\\nwhich men were placed to keep up a constant fire,\\nand men with rifles clubbed to knock ev-er-y dark\\nhead that ap-pear-ed above the wall, the In-di-ans\\nwould have swarmed over the in-trench-ments and\\nscalped ev-er-y man of Har-ri-son s force. As it was,\\nmany were wounded and killed in the for-ti-fi-ca-tion.\\nWhen the In-di-ans found they could not take the\\nworks, they ran down to the river and sent clouds of\\nfi-er-y arrows against the wooden walls. Soon these\\nblazing arrows were sticking all over its sides, but\\nthe damp wood would not burn.\\nThe Prophet, who had seen the failure of the first\\nattack, now or-der-ed his reserve force forward at the\\nquick beat of the drum. When eighty rods from the\\nworks, the river force came up and joined the Proph-\\net s column in the rear. Now the Chief s forces\\nnum-ber-ed two or three thousand, and it was feared\\nthey would take the works by storm.\\nThe order was given for the troops in the fort to\\nform in line, one after the other, and as the front line\\ndis-charg-ed their pieces, they were to quickly crawl", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nH3\\nback, reload and reform in the rear. Again and\\nagain the lines fired and re-treat-ed, and great fear\\nwas be-gin-ning to be felt as to the outcome of the\\nbattle, when a cry was heard along the savage line,\\n^*The Prophet\\nis slam! 1 he\\nProphet is\\nslain! From a\\nthousand ter-ri-\\nfi-ed lips were\\nsoon heard\\nmoanin g and\\ncries of woe.\\nThe battle was\\nended. The\\nbraves turned\\ntheir backs up-\\non Gen. Har-\\nri-son s works,\\nand sought the\\nspot where lay\\ntheir Chief.\\n\u00c2\u00ab-^J r\\nTHE BATTLE-SCARRED OAK OF TIP-PE-CA-NOE.\\nTaking him up they began a hasty retreat. It was\\naf-ter-ward learned that the Prophet had not been\\nkilled, but his shoulder had been shat-ter-ed. He\\nlived some years after, but the In-di-ans had lost\\ncon-fi-dence in him.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nTe-cum-seh, on his return, only saw that his grand\\nIn-di-an league had been o-ver-thrown by the rash-\\nness of the Prophet, and he was very angry at him.\\nTo revenge himself on the A-mer-i-cans, he joined\\nthe British forces with about five hundred braves,\\nthe next year after the U-ni-ted States had de-clar-ed\\nwar upon England.\\nWhen Mich-i-gan was made a ter-ri-to-ry, in 1805,\\nGen-er-al Hull was ap-point-ed Gov-ern-or, as well\\nas Mil-i-tary Com-mand-er. The seat of gov-ern-\\nment was at Detroit. Gen-er-al Hull was in com-\\nmand of the frontier forces which en-camp-ed at\\nSpringwells near Detroit, on July 4th, 1812. On\\nthe 5th, the army crossed the river and landed at\\nSandwich, in Can-a-da. Hull was not mo-lest-ed by\\nthe English, as he ex-pect-ed. His army made a\\nfine display while marching through the town, the\\nFrench settlers waving their hand-ker-chiefs with ev-i-\\ndent sat-is-fac-tion as they passed along, and crying\\nout, We like the Yankees. We need not run from\\nthem.\\nAfter in-trench-ing the camp, Gen-er-al Hull\\nissued a proc-la-ma-tion to the Can-a-di-ans, telling\\nthem, if they staid at home and at-tend-ed to their\\nown bus-i-ness, their prop-er-ty would not be touched\\nbut, if a white man was taken fighting with an In-di-\\nan, both would be in-stant-ly put to death.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 14s\\nHere Gen-er-al Hull re-main-ed a month, when,\\nhearing the In-di-ans had formed a junction with the\\nBritish that they were swarming in great numbers\\nto join the Enghsh, and Fort Mack-i-naw had been\\nsur-ren-der-ed, he there-up-on de-cid-ed, on the 7th\\nof August, 18 1 2, to return to Detroit. He was\\nblamed by his of-fi-cers for this, as his army was a\\nthird larger than the English at this point, and they\\nthought he ought to have given them battle. But if\\nGen-er-al Hull was blamed for not at-tack-ing his\\nen-e-my on English ground, much more was he con-\\ndemn-ed for giving up Detroit to a handful of the\\nEnglish, on the 15th of the same month. The rea-\\nson he gave was this: he was short of am-mu-ni-tion\\nand pro-vis-ions, and feared the mas-sa-cre of the\\nwhole set-tle-ment should he try to stand a siege.\\nAt the close of the war, he was tried before a\\ncourt martial at Al-ba-ny, New York, upon three\\ncharges treason, cow-ard-ice, and neglect of duty.\\nThe charge of treason was not proven, but the other\\ntwo charges were, and the Gen-er-al was or-der-ed to\\nbe shot. But on account of his ser-vi-ces in the War\\nfor In-de-pend-ence, and his age, Pres-i-dent Mad-i-\\nson re-fus-ed to agree to this pun-ish-ment, and merely\\ndis-miss-ed him from the army.\\nThe Gen-er-al s friends claimed, that at his age,\\nthe civil and mil-i-ta-ry duties of the post were too", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "1^6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ngreat for him, but a more honest man and a greater\\npat-ri-ot never Hved. The of-fi-cers in an army have\\ntheir jeal-ous-ies and desire for revenge, just as other\\nmen, and we are not always able to tell who is right\\nand who is wrong.\\nThe naval fight between six English and nine\\nA-mer-i-can battle-ships at the head of Lake Erie,\\non Sep-tem-ber loth, 1813, was won by the A-mer-i-\\ncans. It was after this battle that Com-mo-dore\\nPerry sent his famous dispatch to Gen-er-al Har-ri-\\nson, We have met the en-e-my, and they are ours.\\nThis battle did much to show the English that the\\nA-mer-i-cans were in earnest, and would never give\\nup the ship.\\nAfter Gen-er-al Hull was cap-tur-ed, Gen-er-al\\nHar-ri-son was in command of the army of the West.\\nHe was ex-pect-ed to take back Mich-i-gan. His\\narmy crossed over to Can-a-da in Perry s ships on\\nthe 27th of Sep-tem-ber, 18 13. Upon reaching\\nMaiden, he found the town empty. Gen-er-al Proc-\\ntor, the English of-fi-cer, with most of his force, had\\nrun away. His ally, old Te-cum-seh, was so angry\\nat this, that he com-par-ed Gen-er-al Proctor to an\\nold fat dog, who could bark loud enough, but at the\\nfirst sound of a gun, would sneak off with his tail\\nbetween his legs.\\nMaiden being but eighteen miles from Sandwich,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nop-po-site Detroit, the way was clear to retake the\\ntort which was qiu-et-ly done on the 28th of Seo-\\ntem-ber, 1813.\\nOn the 5th of Oc-to-ber, Gen-er-al Har-ri-son s\\nforces o-ver-took Gen-er-al Proctor at Mo-ra-vi-an\\nTown, on the River Thames, and in ten minutes\\ntook I-us whole force, with the ex-cep-tion of sev-en-\\nteen oM-cers, two hundred and thirty-nine men, and\\nhimself His brave ally, Te-cum-seh, who had com-\\nmand-ed the right wing of Proctor s army, and who\\nhad been wounded in holding the passage of the\\nriver took off his u-ni-form and laid aside his sword\\nHe knew he would be cap-tur-ed sooner or later.\\ni utting on his hunting clothes he now fought with\\nre-new-ed en-er-gy.\\nSeeing Col-on-el Johnson, of the A-mer-i-can\\ntorces, wounded and struggling under his fallen\\nu^\\\\i e-cum-seh ran forward to tom-a-hawk him\\nwhen the Col-on-el took aim and shot the Chief dead\\nn?tK pP^f- u Mack-i-naw re-main-ed in the hands\\not the bnghsh until peace was de-clar-ed in 18 14\\nin l ir L^^/s Cass, who had been ap-point-ed,\\nO K, K ^^u M^^ -^hal of the State of\\n;i,:\\\\ Thomas Jef-fer-son, and pro-mo-ted in\\n18 13 by Pres-.-dent Mad-i-son, to the rank of Brig-a-\\nv^ov-ern-or of the Ter-ri-to-ry of Mich-i-gan.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "148 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nIn fol-low-ing the his-to-ry of Detroit, you will\\nun-der-stand what an im-port-ant po-si-tion this city\\noc-cu-pies. It was taken pos-ses-sion of by the\\nFrench in 1701; trans-fer-red to England in 1760;\\ngiven up to the U-ni-ted States, by England, in\\n1796; sur-ren-der-ed to the English in 181 2, and re-\\ntaken by the U-ni-ted States in 1813. Its pos-ses-\\nsion has been the object of many battles, and num-\\nbers of bloody mas-sa-cres. It is the key to the great\\nwater-way of the Con-ti-nent, and must always belong\\nto the U-ni-ted States.\\nIt was, while standing upon an A-mer-i-can ship\\nduring one of the bom-bard-ments of the War of\\n1812, that Francis S. Key wrote The Star Span-\\ngled Banner. Five times the flag waving from the\\nstaff at Detroit has been changed. Is it not the wish\\nof ev-er-y boy in the U-ni-ted States, that the Stars\\nand Stripes at this place, may never again be sup-\\nplant-ed by the Red Cross of England?\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nMICH-I-GAN A STATE.\\nAfter Mich-i-gan s place in the Union of States\\nhad been won, her five thousand people found them-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n149\\nselves poor, and therefore dis-con-tent-ed. The war\\nhad left some households without a father to care for,\\nor sons to protect them. What little progress had\\nbeen made in tilling the land had been in-ter-rupt-ed\\nby lack of la-bor-ers; there were no roads to travel\\nupon, and the In-\\ndi-ans were not\\nany too friendly.\\nThey had been\\nused to re-ceiv-ing\\npresents from the\\nFrench and Eng-\\nlish, and looked\\nto see the same\\ncustom car-ri-ed\\nout by the U-ni-\\nted States; but\\nEARLY CHURCHES.\\nROMAN CATH-O-LIC.\\nPRO-TEST-ANT.\\nthe U-ni-ted States Gov-ern-ment was poor it had\\nnothing but land to give. After Lewis Cass was\\nap-point-ed Gov-ern-or of the ter-ri-to-ry, he heard\\nthe In-di-ans were dis-sat-is-fi-ed with the new order\\nof things. In 181 7, he called the tribes to-geth-er\\nand per-suad-ed them to sign a treaty by which most\\nof the land in O-hi-o, a part of In-di-an-a and much\\nmore of Mich-i-gan, was given up to the U-ni-ted\\nStates. This land could now be sold to settlers for\\nsmall sum, and with a clear title; the In-di-ans\\na", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "J50\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhaving sold it would no more trouble the buyers.\\nBut, when the sur-vey-ors of the Gov-ern-ment\\ncame to measure the public lands of the northwest,\\nin their report they de-clar-ed the land of Mich-i-\\nDETROIT IN 18^8.\\ngaii was not good enough to settle upon. They\\nsaid it was covered with a poor kind of pine trees\\ncalled Tam-a-rack; that the ter-ri-to-ry was full of\\ndan-ger-ous marshes, cov-er-ed with high grass, which,\\nif a man on horseback should try to travel over, they\\nwould both for-ev-er dis-ap-pear from sight. The\\nsoldiers of the Rev-o-lu-tion who were to be given", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. z^i\\none hundred and sixty acres each, of these western\\nlands, would take nothing in Mich-i-gan. There\\nwere about six million acres of this land. Gov-\\nern-or Cass knew these sur-vey-ors had not made a\\ntruthful report, and thought the best way to show its\\nfal-si-ty was to try and get people to settle upon lands\\naround Detroit; then these people would see that the\\nsoil of Mich-i-gan would grow ev-er-y-thing planted\\nupon it, perhaps more a-bund-ant-ly than the lands\\nin the States of O-hi-o and In-di-an-a, so fa-vor-a-bly\\nre-port-ed on by the sur-vey-ors. The result was as\\nGov-ern-or Cass had ex-pect-ed. People began to\\nflock to Detroit.\\nIt was about this time (1819), a steamboat, called\\nWalk-in-the-Water, made its ap-pear-ance on the\\nwestern lakes. It passed Detroit on its way to\\nMack-i-naw. This prom-is-ed the people quicker\\ntrans-por-ta-tion for what they raised on their land.\\nA year after a census was taken, and Mich-i-gan was\\nfound to have a pop-u-la-tion of about nine thousand.\\nBut the people would only settle along the large\\nrivers which were nav-i-ga-ble for boats.\\nGov-ern-or Cass and a party of Mich-i-gan men\\nwishing to explore the State, in order to report to\\nCongress the truth con-cern-ing Mich-i-gan s nat-u-\\nral wealth, the wishes of the people for roads and\\nharbors, started on their journey in May, 18 19.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "^52\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nThey trav-el-ed about four thousand miles; re-turn-\\ning in the summer, they ap-peal-ed to Congress for\\nan ap-pro-pri-a-tion, and money was soon sent to\\nbuild a good road between Detroit and the Mi-am-i\\nRiver, one be-\\ntween Detroit\\nand Chi-ca-\\ngo, and an-\\noth-er from\\nDetroit to\\nFort Gratiot.\\nThe ter-ri-to-\\nry was then\\ndi-vid-ed into\\ntownships six\\nmiles square,\\nand ev-er-y\\ntownship into\\na section one\\nmile square. In 1 824, the first Leg-is-la-tive Council\\nmet in Detroit. Gov-ern-or Cass read his message,\\nand the people began to feel that they were a part of\\nthe Great Re-pub-lic. They talked about ev-er-y-\\nthing they needed: schools; their hopes of soon be-\\ning able to work their mines the true bound-a-ry line\\nof their State; and many other things that men in-\\nter-est-ed in the growth of their State would think of.\\nEX-PLOR-ING PARTY", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "EARLY SETTLER GOING TO MILL.\\n153", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "^54\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0S? p, .V.V s\\nSTAGE COACH OF THE OLD DAYS.\\nSo great had been the change in pubhc o-pin-ion\\ncon-cern-ing Mich-i-gan, after Gov-ern-or Cass true\\nreport, that in 1830, the pop-u-la-tion amounted to\\nthirty-five thousand, and four years after to eighty-\\nseven thousand.\\nThe com-ple-tion of the Erie Canal in 1825, had\\nmade a cheap and safe\\nwater-way for the em-\\ni-grants from New\\nYork Citv to Detroit.\\nGov-ern-or Cass\\nhad made so good a\\nter-ri-to-ri-al of-fi-cer,\\nthat Gen-er-al Jackson, in 1831, asked him to come\\nto Wash-ing-ton and be his Sec-re-ta-ry of War. A\\nMr. Porter was then ap-point-ed Gov-ern-or of Mich-\\ni-gan. His sec-re-ta-ry was Stephen T. Mason, a boy\\nbut nineteen years old.\\nIn 1835, the people began to think they had\\nlived long enough in a ter-ri-to-ry. They wanted to\\nlive in a State. They thought they were old enough,\\nand there were enough of them, to ask Congress to\\nadmit them to all the rights and ben-e-fits of the\\nunion of States.\\nAc-cord-ing-ly, the Leg-is-la-tive Council passed\\nan Act, al-low-ing eighty-nine del-e-gates to meet in\\ncon-ven-tion and form a State Con-sti-tu-tion. Be-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 755\\nfore the people had been gov-ern-ed by the U-ni-ted\\nStates Con-sti-tu-tion. So they met in May of the\\nsame year, at Detroit, and by the fol-low-ing Oc-to-\\nber, the whole ma-chin-er-y of a State was in good\\nrunning order. The next step to take was to elect a\\nset of State of-fi-cers, and\\nwho do you think the peo-\\nple of Mich-i-gan e-lect-ed\\nfor their first Gov-ern-or?\\nYou may think they chose\\nGen-er-al Cass, for he was\\ncon-sid-er-ed the father of i\\ntheir ter-ri-to-ry. They\\ncould not have him, be-\\ncause, you re-mem-ber,\\nGen-er-al Jackson had\\nmade him Sec-re-ta-ry of\\nWar. Perhaps, Gov-ern-or\\nPorter. No; for he had\\ndied. Who, then? Well, they e-lect-ed the .^y\\nsec-re-ta-ry, Stephen T.Mason, for Gov-ern-or\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a boy\\nbut twenty-two years old the youngest man that ever\\noc-cu-pi-ed so high a place in the U-ni-ted States.\\nUi course, the older men of the new State thought\\nhe was not ca-pa-ble of holding such a po-si-tion, a nd\\nsent five of their best cit-i-zens to ask him to resign.\\n1 his boy had been care-ful-ly reared in a Ken-tuck-y\\nHON. STEPHEN T. MASON.\\nboy", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "J ^6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhome. His father was a Gen-er-al in the army.\\nThis boy had been e-lect-ed Gov-ern-or of the State\\nof Mich-i-gan, and thought he could perform the\\nduties of Gov-ern-or, though he was a boy. At least,\\nhe wished to try it. So, he met this com-mit-tee in\\na polite way, and lis-ten-ed to their request. In his\\nre-fus-al to comply, he made this very sen-si-ble re-\\nmark: A young man, said he, will be more ready\\nto accept the advice of his elders than one of riper\\nyears.\\nThis so pleased the com-mit-tee that they made\\nno further ob-jec-tions, and ever after were his best\\nfriends.\\nTwo years later he was re-e-lect-ed to the same\\noffice, which was the way the people of Mich-i-gan\\ntook to tell him, they were well sat-is-fi-ed with the\\nmanner in which he had man-a-ged the great office\\nof Gov-ern-or of their State. He died sud-den-ly,\\nnot many years after, in the city of New York.\\nWhen Mich-i-gan was about to become a State,\\ntrouble arose between herself and O-hi-o, as to her\\nexact bound-a-y line. O-hi-o said Mich-i-gan in-\\ntend-ed to steal from her a strip of land about eight\\nmiles in width, along her northern bound-a-ry.\\nMich-i-gan said she did not intend to steal what was\\nher own al-read-y. At the eastern end of this strip\\nstood the town of To-le-do, a port which Mich-i-gan", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 137\\nwanted to keep, and O-hi-o was de-ter-min-ed to\\nhave.\\nGov-ern-or Mason, of Mich-i-gan, raised a force\\nof a thousand men, and with Gen-er-al Brown, took\\npos-ses-sion of To-le-do. Gov-ern-or Lucas, of O-hi-o,\\nhad a force of but six hundred, and, therefore, was\\ncom-pell-ed to wait for more men before at-tack-ing\\nthe young Gov-ern-or, at To-le-do. So they sat and\\nlooked at each other over the border.\\nThe Gov-ern-ment, at Wash-ing-ton, was then\\nasked to settle the dispute, and after a bloodless war-\\nfare of more than a year, it came to the aid of the\\ntwo States, by pro-pos-ing to give Mich-i-gan what is\\ncalled the Upper Pe-nin-su-la, if Mich-i-gan would\\ngive to O-hi-o those poor little eight miles she thought\\nshe must have. Mich-i-gan took the Pe-nin-su-la,\\nnot knowing what a bargain she had made. Just\\nlook at the map, my young reader, and see which\\nyou would rather have.\\nSoon after Mich-i-gan was ad-mit-ted into the\\nUnion, im-mi-gra-tion began to flow toward the north-\\nwest most of these im-mi-grants wished to buy land\\nfor farms. Then began what is now called the great\\n**Land Fever. Farms were sold by blazed trees,\\nand towns laid out upon the water of swamps. Ev-\\ner-y-bod-y that had money bought a quarter-section,\\nand those that had none, bor-row-ed some to start a", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "iss\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nvillage at the junction of two rivers or a cross-roads.\\nThe doctor, the preacher, the lawyer, the teacher,\\nev-er-y-bod-y, spec-u-la-ted in land. Some were suc-\\nSPORTS OF EARLY SETTLERS.\\ncess-ful and some were not those that were not, gen-\\ner-al-ly went to other new States, or further West.\\nThe first printing-press brought to Mich-i-gan\\nwas the prop-er-ty of a Cath-o-lic priest, the Rev.\\nGa-bri-el Richard, af-ter-ward Vicar-Gen-er-al of the\\nRoman Cath-o-lic Church. In 1809, he pub-lish-ed,\\nat Detroit, a small gazette, called The Im-par-tial", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i^g\\nOb-serv-er. Here he built the stone church, St.\\nAnne, out of the pay he re-ceiv-ed in 1823, as mem-\\nber of Congress. This priest re-sid-ed at .Detroit\\nthirty-four years, and was a very pubhc-spir-it-ed and\\ngen-er-ous man. He died with the chol-e-ra in 1832,\\nafter spending days and nights in con-sol-ing the sick,\\nand per-form-ing ser-vi-ces for the dying.\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nMICH-I-GAN IN THE CIVIL WAR.\\nOwing to the nearness of Mich-i-gan to Can-a-da,\\nner people began to take an in-ter-est in the slav-er-y\\nquestion at an early date. In 1833, a riot oc-cur-red\\nin Detroit on account of the arrest of a run-a-way\\nslave and his wife, named Blackburn. Their master\\nbe-long-ed in Ken-tuck-y, and the sheriff of Detroit\\nhad placed them in jail until they could be sent for.\\nThe slave woman es-cap-ed while the of-fi-cer was\\ntaking the man from prison to send him back to his\\nmaster, a number of col-or-ed people rushed upon\\nhim, res-cu-ed the slave, and hur-ri-ed him across the\\nDetroit River into Can-a-da. The town bell rane,\\nand the cry, to arms, was heard in all di-rec-tions.\\nThe sheriff was ter-ri-bly beaten with clubs, barely", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "i6o HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nes-cap-ing with his Hfe. The city council was called\\nto-geth-er, and passed a law, that no negro would\\nbe al-low-ed there-af-ter, to walk at night in the streets\\nwithout a lighted lantern.\\nIn Mich-i-gan, as in other States, there were peo-\\nple who thought a law of the country must be o-bey-\\ned, no matter what that law was. They said, **if\\nthe law is wrong it should be changed, but while it\\nwas law it must be o-bey-ed. There was a law, that\\na slave who had run away from his master could be\\nre-turn-ed to him. Some said, it was a wicked law,\\nand ought not to be o-bey-ed, and so when-ev-er they\\ncould help a slave over the line to Can-a-da they did\\nso. Others said, a slave was his master s prop-er-ty\\nand must be re-turn-ed wher-ev-er found, the same\\nas a horse or an ox.\\nA second slave riot took place at Detroit in 1839.\\nA man from Mis-sou-ri found his slave here, and\\nhad him ar-rest-ed. A great many free blacks and\\nwhite people, then called ab-o-li-tion-ists, as-sem-\\nbled and at-tempt-ed to take the slave away from the\\nof-fi-cer. But they were not suc-cess-ful this time.\\nThe slave was not given back to his master.\\nThe people of Detroit got to-geth-er, and gave\\nenough money to buy him, when he was given his\\nlib-er-ty.\\nFrom these attempts of the slaves of the South", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i6i\\nto escape to Can-a-da, and the aid they re-ceiv-ed from\\nnorthern people, began the trouble which ended in\\na civil war in the U-ni-ted States, and, fi-nal-ly, in the\\nfreedom of all the slaves in the country.\\nWhen A-bra-ham Lincoln was e-lect-ed Pres-i-\\ndent, in i860, the southern people thought they were\\ngoing to lose all their slaves, which was the same to\\nthem as any other prop-er-ty, because a good slave\\ncost as much as a thousand dollars, and some plant-\\ners owned as many as two or three hundred. They\\nthought they could not work their land without these\\nslaves, and so got to-geth-er and said they would not\\nbelong to the Union any longer, if they could not do\\nas they liked with their own prop-er-ty. They with-\\ndrew, or se-ced-ed, and started a gov-ern-ment of\\ntheir own, at Richmond, Vir-gin-i-a, e-lect-ing Jef-fer-\\nson Davis as their Pres-i-dent.\\nThe people of the northern States said the forts\\nof the country all be-long-ed to the Gov-ern-ment,\\nat Wash-ing-ton. The southern people said, when\\nthey gave the land to the Gov-ern-ment to build these\\nforts upon, the Gov-ern-ment prom-is-ed they should\\nnever be used against the State giving it. And so,\\nwhen the southern men had met, se-ced-ed, and.\\ncalled themselves the Southern Con-fed-er-a-cy,\\nand at-tempt-ed to take pos-ses-sion of Fort Sumter,\\nin Charleston Harbor, Major An-der-son, then in", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "i62 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncommand, would not allow it. The southern forces,\\nat Charleston, then bom-bard-ed the fort for thirty-six\\nhours, nearly de-stroy-ing it.\\nWhen the news reached the North that Fort\\nSumter had been fired upon, the ex-cite-ment among\\nthe people was intense. But, on the 15th of April,\\nwhen it was known the fort had been taken, the ex-\\ncite-ment was greatly in-creas-ed. In almost ev-er-y\\nnorthern village the people ran to their court-houses,\\nrung bells, and called meetings to talk about what\\nshould be done. Before, they had thought all this\\ntalk of war was mere boasting. Pres-i-dent Lin-\\ncoln, the same day, called for sev-en-ty-five thousand\\ntroops. In the large towns of Mich-i-gan, the cit-i-\\nzens met, and sent word to Wash-ing-ton that they\\nwere ready to do their part to keep the States all\\nto-geth-er, and take back the prop-er-ty which they\\nthought be-long-ed to the U-ni-ted States.\\nThere were the frames of twenty-eight mi-li-tia\\ncom-pa-nies in the State, but not more than a thou-\\nsand men who could take the field. Re-cruit-ing\\nbegan on the i6th of April. On the 13th of May,\\n1 86 1, the First Reg-i-ment, under the command of\\nCol-on-el O. B. Wilcox, left for Wash-ing-ton. Three\\nmore reg-i-ments were re-cruit-ed, when word was\\nre-ceiv-ed from the Sec-re-ta-ry of War, that no more\\nmen would be needed! This will show you how", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ni6j\\nlittle the statesmen of the North knew of the de-ter-\\nmin-a-tion of the South to form a sep-a-rate gov-ern-\\nment. Instead of 2,500 men, which Mr. Stanton\\nthought would be all Mich-i-gan would need to send\\nto help put down the Re-bell-ion, she sent 90,747,\\nout of a pop-u-la-tion of not more than 800,000. Of\\nthese 90,747, almost fourteen\\nthousand were killed, wounded,\\nor died from sickness while in\\nthe field. Mich-i-gan spent very\\nnearly ten million dollars as her\\nshare in the Gov-ern-ment s ex-\\npense in car-ry-ing on this war.\\nIn pro-por-tion to her pop-u-la-\\ntion she lost the most soldiers of\\nany northern State. She has\\nnow 21,873 people re-ceiv-ing soldiers and sailors mon-u-\\npensions. War is a fearful thing,\\nand causes great sorrow and distress all over the land.\\nIf the people in a na-tion-al quarrel could come\\nto-geth-er and talk over their causes of complaint, as\\nthey often do in per-son-al dif-fer-en-ces, they would\\ngen-er-al-ly come to a set-tle-ment, I think don t you\\nHad the North and South sup-pos-ed that four\\nmillions of men must at last be taken from the busy\\nwalks of life from wives, mothers, sisters and homes,\\nto meet and kill each other in battle, and, too, that\\n.^ifi^^i\\ni/ i,V.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "j64 history of MICHIGAN.\\nbillions upon billions of money would be needed to\\ncarry on this ter-ri-ble struggle, do you not think the\\nNorth would have rather taken this money and\\nbought the freedom of these slaves, and that the\\nsouthern men would much rather have sold them for\\nwhat they were worth, than run the risk of losing\\nev-er-y-thing, as they did, when the North o-ver-pow-\\ner-ed them I do.\\nAfter de-stroy-ing all these lives, and spending\\nall this money and time, the Gov-ern-ment of the\\nU-ni-ted States must con-tin-ue to pay to those\\nwounded, the widows, children, and parents of the\\nkilled, over eighty-two millions of dollars ev-er-y\\nyear.\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nPROM-I-NENT MEN AND WOMEN OF MICH-I-GAN.\\nIn men-tion-ing the most noted persons of a\\nState, the practice is common of taking those who\\nfirst settled the country, and became suc-cess-ful in\\na-mass-ing wealth, or in reaching high po-lit-i-cal\\npo-si-tions.\\nBut you must not think, my young reader, that\\nsuccess is always the sign of merit. Some men think", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i6^\\nthere is but one object in life to work for, and that\\nobject is to make money; others are hap-pi-er while\\nspending their time in study and writing books;\\nothers in painting pictures, mod-el-ing statues, and\\nstud-y-ing music; others in trying to invent machines\\nto save work, and others in efforts to help the poor\\nand sick, to be found in ev-er-y village, town, city and\\nState in the country.\\nThere are men in Mich-i-gan who have made\\nrep-u-ta-tions in nearly all of the above-men-tion-ed\\npursuits, and I will tell you something of their lives.\\nPerhaps the most noted man con-nect-ed with the\\npo-lit-i-cal growth and pros-per-i-ty of Mich-i-gan, is\\nLewis Cass. For fifty years no great im-prove-ment\\nin the State was un-der-tak-en without the prom-is-ed\\naid of Lewis Cass. Some people, at Wash-ing-ton,\\ncalled him Mich-i-gan, so bound up was he in the\\nin-ter-ests of his be-lov-ed State. He was born,\\nhow-ev-er, at Ex-e-ter, New Hampshire, in 1782^\\nabout the time of the peace between England and\\nthe U-ni-ted States. Most of the early settlers of\\nthe western States were born in New England. But\\nthe young man Cass, after grad-u-a-ting at Dartmouth\\nCollege, con-clud-ed he would start out in life in a\\nnew country. At the age of sev-en-teen, he trav-el-ed\\non foot to Ma-ri-et-ta, O-hi-o, where he en-ter-ed an\\noffice for the study of law. He was a hard student,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "j66\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nand at the age of twenty-five began his long po-ht-i-\\ncal career as leg-Is-la-tor in the State of O-hi-o. To\\nhim is given the credit of ex-pos-ing Aaron Burr s\\nin-ten-tion of building up a new re-pub-lic in the\\nsouthwest.\\nIn 1807, Mr. Cass was made Marshal ot O-hi-o,\\nby Thomas Jef-fer-son, third Pres-i-dent of theU-ni-\\nted States. In the year\\n1 8 1 1 news came from the\\nfrontier that the In-di-ans\\nwere doing great harm to\\nthe farms and homes of\\nthe early settlers. Lewis\\nCass en-list-ed, and be-\\ncame Col-on-el of a reg-i-\\nment of O-hi-o vol-un-\\nteers. His com-mand,\\nby dif-fi-cult marches,\\nreached Detroit in 18 12.\\nWhen war was de-clar-ed\\nbetween the U-ni-ted\\nStates and England, Col-on-el Cass troops fought\\nand won the first battle at Tar-ou-toe. He was then\\nap-point-ed a Col-on-el in the reg-u-lar army, and\\nshortly after pro-mo-ted to the rank of Brig-a-dier-\\nGen-er-al and Major-Gen-er-al, of O-hi-o vol-un-teers.\\nAfter Gen-er-al Hull s sur-ren-der, Gen-er-al Cass\\nLEWIS CASS.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i6y\\nbecame aide-de-camp to Gen-er-al Har-ri-son, at the\\nbattle of the Tomes, which you know about. In\\n1813, Pres-i-dent Mad-i-son ap-point-ed him Gov-\\nern-or of the Ter-ri-to-ry of Mich-i-gan. As chief\\nof-fi-cer at Detroit, he was almost a king. He was\\nGen-er-al, Gov-ern-or and Judge. He was kind to\\nthe In-di-ans, and kept them friendly to the A-mer-i-\\ncans. He held the office of Gov-ern-or for eighteen\\nyears. He had per-form-ed his va-ri-ous duties so\\nwell, in Mich-i-gan, that Pres-i-dent Andrew Jackson\\nmade him Sec-re-ta-ry of War in 1831, and in 1836\\nMin-is-terto France. He staid in France six years,\\nduring which time he wrote a book on France, its\\nKing, Court, and Gov-ern-ment.\\nIn 1842, Min-is-ter Cass asked to be al-low-ed to\\ncomebacktohishomein Mich-i-gan. Three vears after\\nhis return he was elected U-ni-ted States Sen-a-tor, and\\nm 1848 was asked by the Dem-o-crat-ic party to\\nbecome their Pres-i-den-tial can-di-date. He re-sign-\\ned his sen-a-tor-ship and ac-cept-ed the nom-i-na-tion,\\nbut was beaten by ^^Old Rough and Ready Gen-\\ner-al Zach-a-ry Taylor. The people of Mich-i-gan,\\nnot for-get-ting the ser-vi-ces and a-bil-i-ty of the Gen-\\ner-al, re-e-lect-ed him to the Senate in 1849. When\\nJames Bu-chan-an became Pres-i-dent in i860, he\\ngave Gen-er-al Cass the office of Sec-re-ta-ry of State.\\nThere are few men who have re-ceiv-ed so many", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "i68\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nhonors at the hands of their country as were given to\\nGen-er-al Gass, and few men there are who would be\\nso com-pe-tent to fill them. He was an honest, in-\\ndus-tri-ous, able, and pat-ri-ot-ic statesman. He died\\nat the city he loved Detroit^ ^in 1866, at the age\\nof eighty-four, a man hon-\\nor-ed and loved by his\\nfellow-coun-try-men.\\nOne of the pi-o-neers\\nof Mich-i-gan, and man\\nof note, was Mr. Joseph\\nCampeau. His great\\ngrand-father, J acques\\n(Jacob) Campeau, came\\nfrom Sunny France\\nwith the founder of De-\\ntroit, Antoine dela Motte\\nCad-il-lac. He was the\\nprivate sec-re-ta-ry of the\\ncom-man-dant. It was at his son s house, in 1763,\\nthat Captain Rogers and his troops, pur-su-ed by\\nPon-ti-ac s vic-to-ri-ous sav-a-ges, took refuge after the\\nbattle of Bloody Run. In this same house Mr.\\nJoseph Campeau was born in 1767. At the age of\\nten years he was sent to Mon-tre-al to school, and\\nwhen he re-turn-ed to the remote mil-i-ta-ry post of\\nDetroit he was called the French gen-tle-man, so\\nJOSEPH CAMPEAU.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i6g\\nac-com-plish-ed and polite had he become. He soon\\nafter en-ter-ed upon a mer-can-tlle career, and was the\\nfirst merchant to buy goods at Boston, instead of\\nMon-tre-al, as was the custom of the early traders.\\nHe was a very public spir-it-ed man, and in 1 806 built\\nthe St. Ann s Cath-o-lic Church, at Detroit.\\nAs soon as em-i-gra-tion began to flow toward\\nMich-i-gan, Mr. Campeau com-menc-ed to buy and\\nsell land. The land was cleared and di-vid-ed into\\nlots, houses built upon them, and thus com-fort-a-ble\\nplaces could be had by the early settlers for a very\\nlittle money. He was very kind to the poor men\\nwho bought his prop-er-ty, and it is said of Mr. Cam-\\npeau, that he never caused a debtor a moment s hard-\\nship on account of the money owed him for his place.\\nIn 1812, he became a member of the North-\\nwestern Fur Company, of which John Jacob Astor\\nwas the Pres-i-dent.\\nBesides these in-ter-ests, Mr. Campeau en-ter-ed\\nen-thu-si-as-tic-al-ly into the bus-i-ness of stock-rais-\\ning. His im-por-ta-tion of the Norman Horse to\\nthe northwest, did much to improve the breed of\\nhorses in Mich-i-gan. Upon his farms he is said to\\nhave had five hundred of these beau-ti-ful and useful\\nan-i-mals at one time. He was very gen-er-ous with\\nhis money, helping to build churches, schools, rail-\\nroads, and es-tab-lish banks.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "I JO\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\nUnlike his friend, Lewis Cass, he would never\\nhold public office, but was not averse to trying to\\nin-flu-ence his coun-try-men in a-dopt-ing right and\\npat-ri-ot-ic prin-ci-ples. For this purpose, he and a\\nre-la-tive es-tab-lish-ed **The Detroit Free Press, in\\n1 83 1, which journal has been con-tin-u-ous-ly pub-\\nlished to this day.\\nSuch was the busy and useful life of this worthy\\npi-o-neer merchant of Mich-i-gan, Joseph Campeau,\\nwho died in 1863, at the\\nven-er-a-ble age of ninety-\\nfive years.\\nThere is a man now liv-\\ning at Port Huron, Mich-\\ni-gan Judge Bunce\\nwho was born in 1777.\\nThat was only two years,\\nas you know, after we had\\ntold King George, of Eng-\\nland, that we were old\\nenouQrh to take care of\\nwere going\\nourselves, and\\nto do It. But we had a\\nhard time to make him\\nbelieve it, and I am afraid, even with our Seven Years\\nWar, we should not have won our lib-er-ty had it not\\nbeen for the help of those eight or ten reg-i-ments of", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. lyi\\nFrench soldiers, who, under La-fay-ette, got here just\\nin the nick of time.\\nJudge Bunce was eight years old when Wash-\\ning-ton was first chosen Pres-i-dent of the Re-pub-lic\\nof the U-ni-ted States, and no doubt re-mem-bers\\nsomething about that glo-ri-ous time. He has passed\\nthrough ev-er-y Pres-i-den-tial e-lec-tion thus far held\\nin our Re-pub-lic; he can re-mem-ber when there\\nwas not a canal, railway, or steamboat, in this coun-\\ntry, and all the trav-el-ing had to be done on horse-\\nback, in a boat, or by the rustic wagon-wheel. He\\nis known all over Mich-i-gan as **the pi-o-neer of St.\\nClair River. He was born in Hartford, Con-nec-\\nti-cut. Losing his father when but three years of\\nage, at twelve he began to take care of himself. Like\\nev-er-y-bod-y else in those days, he bought furs for\\nawhile, and learned the hatters trade. While in\\nbus-i-ness at Al-ba-ny, New York, in 1816, a soldier\\non his way home from the mil-i-ta-ry post at Detroit,\\nstopped at his store to buy himself a suit of clothes.\\nHe told Mr. Bunce how high-priced these things\\nwere on the frontier.\\nThe next year Mr. Bunce started with a wagon\\nload of goods for Detroit. There were but twenty\\npeople then living at Roch-es-ter, New York. It\\nwas a long jour-ney to Mich-i-gan, and full of danger.\\nMeeting a pack of wolves on one oc-ca-sion, the polite", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "1^2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ncreatures o-pen-ed a way to let the young stranger\\npass. He settled at Port Huron in 1818, but had\\nfew neighbors for many years, except the In-di-ans.\\nThey were always friendly to him because he was\\nalways friendly to them. He built the first wagon\\nroad from his place to Fort Gratiot, and after that\\nother roads, so that the early settlers could get about\\nwith teams. He built mills, for the people then had\\nbegun to raise wheat; then he was made justice of\\nthe peace, and after judge of probate, and then chief\\njustice of the courts at Port Huron.\\nAt one time, it is said, he knew e-ver-y in-hab-it-\\nant of Mich-i-gan. It is a pleasant thing to see, and\\nhear a man talk, as he can talk, of the be-gin-ning\\nand progress of our be-lov-ed country; to hear his\\nkindly ex-press-ed o-pin-ions, and the many statesmen\\nhe has seen rise and some fall; of the success or\\nfailure of their pol-i-cy; of the great growth of the\\ncountry west of the Al-le-gha-nies, and above all, to\\nhear him say, the fathers of this Re-pub-lic builded\\nbetter than the fathers of any Re-pub-lic since the\\nworld began.\\nHe has seen a country of thirteen small col-o-nies\\nbecome a chain of forty-two pros-per-ous States, with\\nmore to be heard from. It is the hope, we feel\\nsure, of ev-er-ry lover of this country, that if Judge\\nBunce were to live to be nine hundred and ninety-", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^73\\nnine years old, he would still see this land the land of\\npeace, plenty, and freedom from all forms of in-jus-\\ntice and cru-el-ty.\\nA great many of the first people to settle in\\nMich-i-gan came from New England. Zach-a-ri-ah\\nChandlerwas one of these.\\nHe was born in New\\nHampshire in 1813, and\\nmoved to Detroit in 1833.\\nHis bus-i-ness was that of\\nmerchant for many years,\\nbut that did not prevent\\nhis taking an in-ter-est in\\nthe public affairs of his\\nState and his country.\\nWhen the question of free-\\ning the slaves came up in\\nthe country, Mr. Chandler\\ntook the side of the Re-\\npub-li-can party, and was e-lect-ed to the U-ni-ted\\nStates Senate in 1857. He was re-e-lect-ed in 1863,\\nin 1869, and again in 1875. This was proof that\\nhis State was sat-is-fi-ed with his ser-vi-ces, and when\\nhe died he was sin-cere-ly mourned by a large circle\\nof friends and ad-mir-ers.\\nThere is a saying that the more knowledge a good\\nman has, the better e-quip-ped he is for earning his\\nHON. ZACH-A-RI-AH CHANDLER.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "174\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nli\\nid th(\\n^ful h\u00c2\u00ab\\nbe to his fell(\\nI\\n\\\\AJimk,,\\niving, ana tne more useiui ne can oe to nis lenow\\nmen. This saying is ex-em-pH-fi-ed in the Hfe and\\nser-vi-ces of George Van Ness Lathrop, of Detroit.\\nHe was, also, born in New England, and after grad-\\nu-a-ting from Brown U-ni-ver-si-ty, in Rhode Island,\\nhe en-ter-ed the Harvard\\nLaw School, near Boston.\\nWhen pre-par-ed for en-\\nter-ing upon the practice of\\nhis chosen pro-fes-sion, he\\nmoved to Mich-i-gan, and\\nsettled in Detroit in 1844.\\nFor forty years he has\\npassed in and out under\\nthe watchful eyes of his\\nneighbors and as-so-ci-ates,\\nand none can be found to\\nsay that he has not filled\\nev-er-y po-si-tion with dig-\\nni-ty, a-bil-i-ty and honor,\\nplaced.\\nWhen Mr. Cleveland was e-lect-ed Pres-i-dent in\\n1884, he se-lect-ed Mr. Lathrop to rep-re-sent the\\nU-ni-ted States at St. Pe-ters-burg, Russia. After\\nre-main-ing at this post for four years, which he filled\\nwith dis-tinc-tion, he was re-mov-ed by Pres-i-dent\\nHar-ri-son. Re-turn-inor to his old home, he has\\nHON. GEORGE VAN NESS LATHROP.\\nin which he has been", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n^75\\nre-sum-ed the tem-po-ra-rl-ly broken thread of his\\nbusy Hfe, wel-com-ed and hon-or-ed by his whole\\nState.\\nAn-oth-er gen-tle-man who has re-ceiv-ed many\\nhonors from the State, is Mr. Omar D. Conger.\\nHe came to Mich-i-gan\\nin early life, and settled\\nat Port Huron. He is a\\nlawyer, and has been a\\nmember of Congress sev-\\ner-al terms, during which\\ntime he ac-cept-a-bly\\nserved as member of the\\nCom-m it-tee on Com-\\nmerce.\\nThere have been a\\ngreat many other re-\\nnown-ed people in Mich-i-\\ngan, many of whom are dead and many are still liv-\\ning. One of the former was Major Hall. He\\nse-cur-ed the charters for lines of railroads to finish\\nthe con-nec-tion between Al-ba-ny and Buf-fa-lo, and\\nfor the road that is now called the New York Erie.\\nIn 1855 he was en-ga-ged upon the con-struc-tion of\\nthe Detroit Mil-wau-kee railroad. When Pres-i-\\ndent Lincoln called for troops, in the late war,\\nalthough sixty-three years of age, he en-ter-ed the\\nHON. O. D. CONGER.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "1^6 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nservice, and when peace was de-clar-ed, was bre-vet-ed\\nMajor.\\nRe-turn-inghome, he was made Pres-i-dent of the\\nGrand Rapids Lake Shore railroad, now the\\nChi-ca-go Mich-i-gan Lake Shore road. When\\nthis road was com-plet-ed, he or-gan-iz-ed the Grand\\nRapids Sag-i-naw Hne. Major Hall may well be\\ncalled, the Father of Mich-i-gan Railroads.\\nAn-oth-er man of na-tion-al renown, was Robert\\nMc-Clel-land. He came to Mich-i-gan in 1833, and\\nwas a lawyer of fine parts. He passed through all\\nthe places of trust the State could give him, and in\\n1853 was made Sec-re-ta-ry of the In-te-ri-or by\\nPres-i-dent Pierce.\\nCHAPTER XXH.\\nMF.N OF MICH-I-GAN WHO HAVE WON NA-TION-AL\\nREP-U-TA-TIONS.\\nBoys have been told to beware of am-bi-tion\\nbut this does not mean to beware of that am-bi-tion\\nwhich inspires a boy to wish to have his name known\\nto the world, as one who has, through some great\\ndis-cov-er-y in-ven-tion, writing, or humane effort\\nmade mankind hap-pi-er and better.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. lyy\\nSo thought the men, I doubt not, whose labors I\\nwish to tell you about in this chapter.\\nAfter Mich-i-gan became a State, for some years,\\npersons wishing to make homes for themselves in the\\nFar West, passed over her roads into Wis-con-sin\\nand down to Il-li-nois, rather than try to settle in\\nwhat they had heard was an un-health-y and un-pro-\\nduct-ive State. When Mich-i-gan had been in the\\nUnioix ten years, her pop-u-la-tion had in-creas-ed to\\nonly 2 1 2,000 but when Wis-con-sin had been a State\\nten years, her people num-ber-ed 305,000.\\nA good and well-ed-u-ca-ted man, named Will-\\niam T. Howell, who wished to see his State grow,\\nand who knew the stories told by the great fur com-\\npa-nies about her poorness of soil and bad climate,\\nwere untrue, thought of a plan to entice people to\\nsettle upon her lands. He was a lawyer, and lived\\nat Jonesville. Pre-par-ing a paper in which he said\\nthe State ought to give to ev-er-y man who would\\ncome and make his home in it, 160 acres of land,\\nhe car-ri-ed the paper to the Leg-is-la-ture, calling\\nit The Homestead Bill, and fi-nal-ly suc-ceed-ed\\nin having it passed. It was the first law of the kind\\nen-act-ed in any of the States of A-mer-i-ca.\\nWhe he re-turn-ed to Jonesville after the passage\\nof his bill, he was re-ceiv-ed by a pro-ces-sion of cit-i-\\nzens, blowing tin horns, who de-rid-ed him for his", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "lyS\\nHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nof-fi-cious action. This shows how Httle the people\\nknow and respect their true ben-e-fact-ors.\\nBefore Mich-i-gan was a State, a young man of\\nsterhng qual-i-ties left his home in Western New\\nYork, and join-\\ning the A-mer-\\ni-can forces on\\ntheir un-suc-\\ncess-ful attack\\non Fort Bur-\\nhng-ton,es-cap-\\ned with some\\nothers in ca-\\nnoes, reaching\\nBuf-fa-lo after\\nex-pe-ri-enc-ing\\na o^reat manv\\nhardships. Af-\\nter peace was\\nde-clar-ed, he\\nse-lect-ed a farm in Mich-i-gan, Macomb County, and\\nbegan his manly career. Never having been able to\\nattend school, all he knew he had learned by hard\\nstudy at night; but he knew sur-vey-ing and mill-\\nbuilding. His chief delight was in the study of\\nas-tron-o-my, how-ev-er.\\nAfter be-com-ing known to the few settlers in his\\nTHE FIRE-PLACE OF OUR GRAND-FATHERS.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nlyg\\nneigh-bor-hood, he was e-lect-ed county sur-vey-or;\\nseeing his com-pe-ten-cy, he was, a few years after,\\nap-point-ed district sur-vey-or, and afterward U-ni-ted\\nStates sur-vey-or.\\nBut, while thus en-ga-ged in earning his daily\\nbread, ev-er-y spare moment of his time he spent in\\nstud-y-ing the science of as-tron-o-my. At last he\\ncon-struct-ed a solar compass. In 1835 he took his\\nmodel to Phil-a-del-phi-a, and ex-hib-it-ed it before\\nthe Franklin In-sti-tute, which a-ward-ed him a\\nmedal. Later, he per-fect-ed his in-stru-ment, and\\nex-hib-it-ed it at the World s Fair, in London, in 1857.\\nThe fol-low-ing cer-tif-i-cate ac-com-pa-ni-ed the medal\\nre-ceiv-ed by the in-vent-or:\\nT hereby cer-ti-fy that Her Ma-jes-ty s com-mis-\\nsion-ers, upon the award of the jurors, have pre-sent-ed\\na prize medal to William A. Burt, for a solar com-\\npass and sur-vey-ing in-stru-ment shown at the ex-hi-\\nbi-tion. Albert.\\nThis was none other than Prince Albert, the\\nhusband of Queen Vic-to-ri-a, Queen of England.\\nHe in-vent-ed, also, an e-qua-to-ri-al sextant, to show\\nthe lat-i-tude, hour, etc., of a ship at sea.\\nHe was the dis-cov-er-er of the great bed of iron\\nore south of Teal Lake, and in other places, which\\nnow are such a source of wealth to Mich-i-gan.\\nIt is said no man had done so much to tell the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "i8o HISTORY OF MICHIGAN,\\npeople of the country what value Mich-i-gan pos-sess-\\ned in beds of min-er-als, as Mr. Burt. He was a\\npi-o-neer worthy of the mem-o-ry of a great State.\\nAn-oth-er Mich-i-ran man who has rained a\\nna-tion-al rep-u-ta-tion in the line of be-nef-i-cent\\nin-ven-tions, is George M. Pullman. Not many\\nyears ago he was the pro-pri-e-tor of a fur-ni-ture shop\\nat Grand Rapids. After railroads become the only\\nmeans of trans-por-ta-tion, and long journeys were\\ntaken without stopping, Mr. Pullman s sym-pa-thies\\nwere, doubtless, ex-cit-ed on seeing in-va-lids, and\\nmothers with little children, forced to sit all night on\\nthe then hard seats of the cars. The thought of a\\nsleeping car was a thought worthy of a noble\\nnature. That the sick and tired, forced to travel\\nlong days and nights, could do so in comfort was a\\nrev-e-la-tion The thought was suc-cess-ful-ly worked\\nout, and behold, the Palace Car! A car in which\\none may fly from one end of the con-ti-nent to the\\nother, and dis-em-bark with as little wear-i-ness as in\\na journey of a thousand miles before this in-ven-tion\\nwas given to the world This was the humane work\\nof a Mich-i-gan la-bor-ing man.\\nBut, of all the men of Mich-i-gan, and of his age,\\nun-doubt-ed-ly the best known, is Thomas Alva\\nKd-i-son. He has won world-wide renown.\\nAlthough not born in Mich-i-gan, his -parents", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\ni8i\\nmoved from Milan, O-hi-o, to Port Huron, when he\\nwas but seven years of age. H is father was of Dutch\\ndescent, and his mother a Mass-a-chu-setts school\\n-THOMAS A. ED-I-SON AT HIS LABORS.\\nteacher. His mother taught him all he knew when\\nyoung, as he never at-tend-ed school six months in\\nhis whole life. His mother read to him e-ven-ings,\\nand his father made him a present of ev-er-y book he\\nwould read through. When not very old, his li-bra-ry\\nshelves held such books as these: **His-to-ry of the", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "i82 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nRef-or-ma-tion, Hume s His-to-ry of England,\\nGibbon s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,\\nand any number of works on sci-en-tif-ic subjects.\\nHe never played like other boys. If he wished to\\nhave a little fun, he built a small railroad track, dug\\na canal, or built a wharf. At the age of twelve, the\\nbusy little fellow found work to do as train boy on\\nthe Grand Trunk railroad. He soon rained the\\nonly right to sell papers and fruit on the cars, and in\\na few months his bus-i-ness so in-creas-ed he was\\no-blig-ed to employ four boy-helpers. His profits\\na-mount-ed to about a dollar a day, which sum he\\ncheer-ful-ly handed over to his good mother. She\\ndied in 1862, when her boy-genius was but fifteen\\nyears old. How much he must have missed her is\\nshown in the life full of care he soon took upon him-\\nself. On the train in which Thomas trav-el-ed was\\na baggage car, a part of which had been made into\\na smoking-room. But the smokers did not like it, so\\nthe idea struck this in-vent-ive boy, to fit up this little\\nroom for a lab-o-ra-to-ry. He bought chem-ic-als, a\\nsmall printing-press, types and ink, and begun to edit,\\nset up, and print a weekly paper, which he called\\nThe Grand Trunk Herald; price three cents per\\ncopy. It was a great success.\\nOne day, while ex-per-i-ment-ing with a bottle of\\nphos-phor-us, the bottle slipped from his hand and", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. iSj\\nfell upon the floor of his lab-o-ra-to-ry. The car was\\nset on fire, and se-rl-ous damage to the train was only\\npre-vent-ed by pitching all the poor boy s chem-ic-als\\nout of the window. After that, his father s cellar\\nwas trans-form-ed into an-oth-er work-shop, where he\\nstill con-tin-u-ed his ex-per-i-ment-al studies.\\nWhile on the road he had watched the clerks in\\nthe tel-e-graph office, who were ex-per-i-ment-ing with\\na track-rail, thinking they could use these rails to\\ntel-e-graph from station to station. One day it oc-\\ncurred to Ed-i-son, that these same wires o-veV-head,\\nused for te-leg-ra-phy and the ar-riv-al of trains, could\\nbe used to send the headings of the most im-port-ant\\nnews of his papers, to the stations in advance of the\\ntrains. As this was at the time of the War of the\\nRe-bell-ion, ev-er-y-bod-y was anxious to hear about\\nthe battles that had been fought, or were soon to be.\\nIf the people could be told what was coming in the\\nnews-pa-pers on the ar-riv-al of the train, bus-i-ness\\nwould be live-li-er for the young man. A few head-\\nlines were sent as an ex-per-i-ment, and posted up in\\nthe stations. The result was a large increase in the\\nsale of his papers.\\nThis set him to thinking what could be done\\nwith the tel-e-graph. He bought books upon te-leg-\\nra-phy, and in a short time knew all about it. He\\nin-ter-est-ed a gen-tle-man in his early ex-per-i-ments", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "i84 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\na Mr. James Ward, of Port Huron who as-sist-ed\\nhim to put up a Hne between his house and Ed-i-son s\\nfather s.\\nAbout this time, at the peril of his own Hfe, he\\nsaved the son of the station-master, at Mt. Clements,\\nfrom drowning. This grateful man now gave a\\nhelping hand to the young genius. Ed-i-son now\\nbegan to study with all his might, sometimes not\\nsleeping an hour through the whole night. He\\nlearned ev-er-y-thing which could aid him in his\\nchosen pro-fes-sion. Giving up the place of train-\\nboy, at the age of sixteen, he was given the po-si-tion\\nof op-er-a-tor in the tel-e-graph office at Port Huron.\\nHere he worked night and day; but at the end of\\nsix months, re-sign-ed, because not paid for extra\\nwork. At this time he earned twenty-five dollars per\\nmonth. Being of-fer-ed a po-si-tion for night duty,\\nin at office at Stratford, Can-a-da, he ac-cept-ed the\\noffer, but only for a short time. Dis-cov-er-ing some\\nneglect in his duty, he became so alarmed, that with-\\nout a word of farewell, he packed up his bundle and\\nleft for home.\\nThe truth was, he wanted to study. He was\\nnever at rest. The ereat ideas in his young head\\nwere trying to find some way out. His next po-si-\\ntion was at A-dri-an, Mich-i-gan. In con-nec-tion\\nwith his tel-e-graph work, he hired a small, shop,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 185\\nsup-pli-ed himself with tools, and oc-cu-pi-ed his\\nleisure hours in mending bat-ter-ies, and ex-per-i-\\nment-ing. Some trouble between himself and a\\nsu-pe-ri-or of-fi-cer brought about his discharge.\\nFrom A-dri-an he en-ter-ed an office at Fort Wayne,\\nand soon after was given a place of im-port-ance in\\nIn-di-an-ap-o-lis. It was here that he in-vent-ed his\\nre-peat-er. This was an in-stru-ment to transfer a\\nmessage from one line to an-oth-er without the aid of\\nan-oth-er me-di-um. This was a great triumph for a\\nboy not yet sev-en-teen years old. From In-di-an-\\nap-o-lis he went to Cin-cin-na-ti. When here three\\nmonths, a strike oc-cur-red in the tel-e-graph office,\\nand the op-er-a-tors all left. Ev-er-y-thingwas placed\\nin the hands of this young man, and the duties of the\\npo-si-tion were so well at-tend-ed to, that he was im-\\nme-di-ate-ly given a high po-si-tion with an increase\\nof sal-a-ry. To this time he had always been ad-vanc-\\ning. But when the Gov-ern-ment, at the close of the\\nwar, gave back the tel-e-graph line to the com-pa-ny,\\nEd-i-son, who had been em-ploy-ed at Memphis, was\\ndis-charg-ed, and found himself so very poor he was\\no-bli-o:ed to walk almost the entire distance from\\nMemphis to Lou-is-ville.\\nDrifting about from place to place, but always\\nintent upon making progress in his calling, he at last\\nreached Boston, and there found a friend in Mr.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "i86 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nMel-i-ken, a thorough e-lec-tri-cian, who gave him\\nin-struc-tion in the things he wished to know. Here\\nEd-i-son o-rig-i-na-ted the in-stru-ment for the use of\\nprivate hnes, and his Duplex System.\\nGoing to New York, and being out of em-ploy-\\nment, he one day saun-ter-ed into the office of the\\nGold In-di-ca-tor s Com-pa-ny a line which tel-e-\\ngraph-ed the changes in the price of gold. Their in-\\nstru-ment had been broken, and ev-er-y-thi-ng was in\\ncon-fu-sion. Ed-i-son of-fer-ed to mend it for them,\\nand they were very quick in ac-cept-ing his ser-vi-ces.\\nIn a short time ev-er-y-thing was running smoothly\\nagain. This com-pa-ny, and the Western Union\\nTel-e-graph Com-pa-ny, en-ter-ed into an a-gree-ment\\nsome time after, to buy ev-er-y in-ven-tion, re-la-ting\\nto te-leg-ra-phy, that Ed-i-son had to sell.\\nIn 1876, he e-rect-ed a lab-o-ra-to-ry at Menlo\\nPark, New Jersey, fur-nish-ing it with ev-er-y-thing\\nhis in-vent-ive genius needed in his ex-per-i-ment-al\\nlabors. From that time he was known as the young\\nman who kept the grass from growing on the path to\\nthe U. S. Patent Office, at Wash-ing-ton. As early\\nas 1882, he had taken out nearly three hundred pat-\\nents. To show you what some of them are, I will\\nname some of the most im-port-ant: Thirty-five on\\nau-to-mat-ic and chem-ic-al te-leg-ra-phy; eight on\\nduplex and quad-ru-plex tel-e-graph-ing; thirty-eight", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 187\\non tel-e-graph printing; fourteen on the Morse sys-\\ntem the fire-alarm, district e-lec-tric signals, e-lec-tric\\npens and e-lec-tric lights, the last of which was in-\\nvent-ed about 1879. I^ ^^is quad-ru-plex system,\\nin-vent-ed by him, in which four mess-a-ges can be\\nsent at the same time, on the same road, the saving\\nto the Union Tel-e-graph Com-pa-ny is more than\\n$500,000, an-nu-al-ly. But, when you learn that he\\nhas been growing deaf for some years, you will not\\nwonder that he has turned his in-vent-ive genius to\\nthe con-struc-tion of such in-stru-ments as the pho-no-\\ngraph, aer-o-phone, carbon tel-e-phone and mi-cro-\\nphone, which, when you are older, you can study and\\nknow all about. In order to know just what other\\nsci-en-tif-ic men have done, and are doing, all over\\nthe world, Mr. Ed-i-son has learned to read French,\\nGerman, I-tal-ian and Spanish books.\\nAlthough the world owns Mr. Ed-i-son now, in\\nMich-i-gan his busy life was begun, and she will\\nclaim him as the most won-der-ful man this a^e has\\npro-duc-ed. The story of his life is a lesson for\\nev-er-y earnest boy in the land. Ed-i-son found the\\nwork he liked to do, and then set about doing it with\\nall his soul and strength. He has lived a little more\\nthan forty years, and has done more in that time to\\nchange the con-di-tion of mankind, than any man now\\nliving in the whole world.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "i88\\nHISIORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nUpon MIch-i-gan s list of na-tion-al ce-leb-ri-ties\\nmay also be found the name of James M. Stanley,\\nthe painter. If I were to guess what the M. stood\\nfor in his name, I should say Mad-i-son, because\\nmany of the boys that were born about the time Mr.\\nStanley was 1 8 1 4 were\\nnamed for James Mad-i-\\nson, the second Pres-i-dent\\nof our Re-pub-lic. In 1835\\nMr. Stanley began to paint\\nportraits, in Detroit.\\nAfter painting the por-\\ntraits of white men for a\\nfew years, the thought\\nstruck him to paint a life-\\nsize picture of one of the\\nIn-di-an chiefs living near\\nFort Snelling.\\nFrom 1842, Mr. Stan-\\nley s art took a new di-rec-tion. His love for In-di-an\\nscenes, legends and ad-ven-tures, was the future\\ntheme of his work. He painted the portrait of the\\nmost-known In-di-an war-ri-ors in Ar-kan-sas, Texas\\nand New Mex-i-co. When Gen-er-al Karney crossed\\nthe Rockv Mountains with the famous guide. Kit\\nCarson, Mr. Stanley was the draughtsman of the\\nex-pe-di-tion. The march took them three months,\\nJAMES M. STANLEY,", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i8g\\nand though they were at-tack-ed by the In-di-ans, and\\nMr. Stanley lost his clothes, he saved his sketches,\\npaints and brushes. These were the things he prized\\nmost.\\nIn the e-lev-en years which he spent among the\\nIn-di-ans, stud-y-ing their ways, painting the life-size\\nportraits of such braves as Wild Cat, Big War-\\nri-or, Tiger and Al-e-ga-tor, and other pictures\\nof frontier scenes, his col-lec-tion num-ber-ed fifty-two\\npaintings. These he placed in the Smith-so-ni-an\\nIn-sti-tute, in Wash-ing-ton. In the fire which de-\\nstroyed a part of the building in 1865, they were all\\nburned. This was a great loss to Mr. Stanley, as\\nwell as to the young people who will read in future\\nyears the story of the Red Men of A-mer-i-ca.\\nHe painted the Creek, Sioux and Blackfoot war-ri-or\\nin his wild costume, or as he was before the Gov-ern-\\nment, at Wash-ing-ton, began to feed and clothe them,\\nand the pi-o-neer settler to benumb his senses with\\nwhisky. The ig-no-rant man must work for what he\\neats, or soon he will fall into bad ways, and lose his\\nmanly ap-pear-ance. One of Mr. Stanley s pictures,\\nwhich has been much ad-mir-ed, and has been ex-hib-\\nit-ed in Europe and this country, is The Trial of\\nRed Jacket. It is val-u-ed at $30,000. An-oth-er,\\nCath-a-rine s Dis-clo-sureof Pon-ti-ac sCon-spir-a-cy,\\nto Major Gladwyn. This is owned by a gen-tle-man", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "I go HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nin Detroit. Mr. Stanley died in 1872, leaving behind\\nhim a number of val-u-a-ble can-vass-es, de-pict-ing\\nscenes in the early his-to-ry of Mich-i-gan. These\\nnow form a per-ma-nent gal-ler-y at Detroit.\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nABOUT THE PRO-DUC-TIONS, MIN-ER-AL WEALTH, SCHOOLS,\\nETC., OF MICH-I-GAN.\\nFew of my young readers, I venture to say, have\\nany idea of the size of the State of Mich-i-gan, and\\nwill be sur-pris-ed when told it is almost as large as\\nall of the New England States put to-geth-er; that\\nit has fourteen hundred miles of nav-i-ga-ble waters,\\nand is con-sid-er-ed the second State in the Union in\\ncom-mer-cial im-port-ance.\\nUpon her soil ev-er-y-thing will grow a-bun-dant-ly\\nthat is grown in the same lat-i-tude in any other State.\\nApples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, plums, and\\nev-er-y kind of berry, is found there. From the hard\\nwoods of her forests is made much of the fur-ni-ture\\nused in this country, and great quan-ti-ties are now\\nshipped to Europe. In her fish-er-ies she is reck-\\non-ed the fourth State in the Union. The white-fish\\nof her lakes, next to the shad, is con-sid-er-ed tbe most", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. igi\\npal-a-ta-ble of fish. When the bound-a-ry Hne was\\nabout to be fixed between Can-a-da and the U-ni-ted\\nStates, Ben-ja-mln Frankhn was one of the com-mis-\\nsion-ers sent over to England to say where the\\nA-mer-i-cans wanted it to run. He in-sist-ed that\\nthe hne ought to divide Lake Su-pe-ri-or through its\\ncenter, and when this was agreed to, Frankhn said\\nit was the greatest service he had ren-der-ed to his\\ncountry, because it gave to the U-ni-ted States the\\ngreat copper region of the Con-ti-nent.\\nBesides copper, Mich-i-gan has iron ore, coal\\nfields, hundreds of salt wells, and many gypsum\\n(plaster) beds. Gold and silver has been found, but\\nnot in quan-ti-ties that would make the thrifty Mich-i-\\ngan farmer leave his pro-lif-ic bearing peach trees,\\nand wheat fields, to mine it.\\nA fine qual-i-ty of marble is found in the Mar-\\nquette iron region, also, stone of a beau-ti-ful pink\\ncolor, called Su-pe-ri-or Sand-stone, which is much\\nliked for buildings. They have a clay, also, which,\\nwhen made into bricks, and burnt, has a soft cream\\ncolor. These bricks are used for handsome private\\ndwellings all over the northwest. To all of these\\nsources of wealth, must be added billions of feet of\\npine lumber, cut ev-er-y year from her forests, and\\nshipped to ev-er-y port in the U-ni-ted States.\\nIn view of these pro-duc-tions, my young reader", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "ig2 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nwill eas-i-ly see how nec-es-sa-ry to the strength of\\nthe Union Mich-i-gan is, and will wish her neigh-\\nbors, the English, may never be for-tu-nate enough\\nto take her from us again.\\nTo show you what an in-tel-li-gent and far-see-ing\\npeople the early settlers of Mich-i-gan were, I must\\ntell you how they started out with their schools.\\nWhen the ter-ri-to-ry was carved out of the\\nNorth-west-ern Ter-ri-to-ry, in 1805, in ev-er-y town-\\nship a section of land was set apart for school pur-\\npos-es. If the land was sold, the money was in-\\nvest-ed, and the in-ter-est could only be used for\\nschools. In 1827, any township having fifty prop-\\ner-ty owners, which had not hired a teacher to teach\\nthe children reading, writing and a-rith-me-tic, could\\nbe fined a hundred dollars for neglect of duty and\\nany township having two hundred house-hold-ers\\nmust hire a teacher who could teach Latin and\\nFrench in ad-di-tion to the English branches. In\\n1833, Mich-i-gan had a Su-per-in-tend-ent of Public\\nIn-struc-tion ap-point-ed, the first of-fi-cer of the kind\\nin the U-ni-ted States.\\nDr. E-ras-tus G. Haven has been called the father\\nof the U-ni-ver-si-ty, though not one of its founders.\\nHe was born- in Boston in 1820. In those days\\nev-er-y young boy wanted to learn all he could, and\\nalthough E-ras-tus Haven was poor, and o-blig-ed to", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\n193\\nwork very hard while ob-tain-ing an ed-u-ca-tion, he\\ndid not relax his ex-er-tions until he could read Latin\\nand Greek, and had mas-ter-ed all the higher branches\\nof a college ed-u-ca-tion. He began life as an in-\\nstruct-or in a New York\\na-cad-e-my, of which he\\nsoon became prin-ci-pal.\\nIn 1863, Dr. Haven\\nwas chosen Pres-i-dent of\\nthe U-ni-ver-si-ty, and\\nfrom that time the school\\nmaybe said to have begun\\nits onward course of pros-\\nper-i-ty and use-ful-ness.\\nAnd still, they were\\nnot sat-is-fi-ed. The\\nState wishing to see their\\nschools the best in the\\nUnion, now pro-pos-ed to give half the money re-\\nceiv-ed from the sale of its swamp lands, to the school\\nfund. When this land is all sold, the fund will\\namount to not less than five billion dollars.\\nBesides setting apart a section in each township,\\nfour whole townships were given for the founding of\\na Sem-i-na-ry of Learning. This was the nest-egg\\nfrom which has grown the Free U-ni-ver-si-ty of\\nMich-i-gan, lo-ca-ted at Ann Arbor. It was o-pen-ed\\nE. O. HAVEN, D.D., LL.D.", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "194 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.\\nin 1842, and any young man in the State need not\\nsay *if I had had the ad-van-ta-ges which weahh\\nbrings, I colild have had a good ed-u-ca-tion. Here\\nhe may have these ad-van-ta-ges by just ac-cept-ing\\nand using them.\\nThen, again, in 1862, the people thought the\\nyoung men of Mich-i-gan ought to know more about\\nfarming; what crops would grow the best on their\\nsoil what must be done to fruit trees to keep them\\nbearing, and all those things which the tiller of the\\nsoil ought to know, to make his work more ef-fect-ive\\nwith less of it. So they asked the Leg-is-la-ture to\\ngive them some land for an Ag-ri-cult-u-ral College.\\nThe land was given, for it seems, land was the thing\\nthey could give away for schools in Mich-i-gan, and\\nno-bod-y would raise an ob-jec-tion.\\nFour or five hundred acres were taken near\\nLansing, cleared of trees and stumps, buildings built,\\nand the school o-pen-ecl. Here young men may\\nstudy the same branches as in the U-ni-ver-si-ty, but\\nthey must work on the farm a portion of the day.\\nThis school is also free.\\nSo, in con-clu-sion, I think you will fully agree\\nwith me in the view, that Mich-i-gan is a very good\\nState for a boy to be born and grow up in", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3143", "width": "2415", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n016 099 155\\nThe Latest and Best of Ami\\nBETTER AND BRIGHTER T\\nBelford s L\\n\u00c2\u00b1333-30\\nA PERFECT CHARM FOR THE CHILDREN.\\nEdited by THOMAS W. HANDFORD.\\nIllustrated with Full-Page Original Illustrations by TRUE W. WILLIAMS.\\nWITH HANDSOME COLORED FRONTISPIECE.\\nAn American Book for American Children.\\nFULL OF STORIES. POEMS. INCIDENTS OF AD\\\\^ENTURE, FABLES. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.\\nHISTORIC SCENES, SABBATH CHIMES, DOINGS OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE KING, ETC.\\nALL DESIGNED FOR THE PLEASURE AND PROFIT OF THE YOUNG.\\nBELFORD S ANNUAL\\nIS WORTHY OF A PLACE IN EVERY HOME IN AMERICA.\\nPRICE\\nLARGE QUARTO, BOUND IN ILLUMINATED CHRON 0-Lri HOGRAPH COVERS, $1 .50\\nIN EXTRA ENGLISH CLOTH WITH HANDSOME GOLD AND INK DE3ie;*, 2.00\\n^:^.AAa JM9\\nNEWSDEALERS AND BOOKSELLERS WILL DO WELL TO SEND FOR\\nOUR TERMS ON THIS GREAT OFFER.\\nBELFORD S F:\\nMAGAZINE\\n12.50 for $5.00\\nTHE MOST REMARKABLE LITER AF\\nCLEAR\\nSAVING OF\\n$7.50\\nOFFER EVER MADE.\\ntnjvtLnif i H,-na IS\\nFitin nn subscriber a set of\\n0[ iliD.UU Beorge Eliot s Goiimiete WoiKs\\nIn Six large, 12mo volumes, oont ining- 4,600 pa^ts. elpffiinlly bound in tlie best\\nEnglish cloth large, clear type, goou paper, gold ami ink embossing; eacii t-ot iu a\\nueat box. Published at $10.00, and\\nAci LAI- Size,\\nX6I.1\\nBELFORD S MAGAZINE\\nFor one year, jiostpaid, ei.nlaining over\\n1,800 pages of reading mutter. Published at\\n\u00c2\u00a72.50. Besides a complelo riginal novel\\nfrom the Pen of some I o. most American\\nnovelist, tlie magazine contains vigorous\\ndiscussions on the important political, eco-\\nnfimic, social and literary ((uestlons of the\\nday, by the best authorities, and articles,\\nsketches, poems and stories by gifted atid\\npopular writers.\\nThe set of Ei.ioT includes APAM Bede,\\nKoMOi.A, Felix Holt. Midhlemaiuh,\\nDaniel Dehonua, Silas Mak.vek, The\\nMill on tiiE Floss, Scenes fuoM !r,KR-\\nITALLiKE, THV.OPHHASTUSSUt !l,dnd JUBAL\\nAND OTHEK T oEMS.\\nOver :J,i\u00c2\u00bb(K) newspapei-s spenk in tlie high-\\nest possililo terms of nELKoiio s MAaAZiNB:.\\nSubscriptions can begin witti any number,\\nas each number is completi- in itself, and\\nmay be wnt to any oi oi;r ollictis.\\nActual Size w x 7 h x 55.4\\nBELFORD, CLARKE 4, CO., PUBLISHERS.\\nCHICAGO: V)9 and 111 Wabai^hiue. NEW YORK: 22 East 18th St. ,f/I,V FRANCISCO; 224 Bush St.", "height": "3377", "width": "2456", "jp2-path": "historyofmichiga00lieb_0202.jp2"}}