Qass 7^^Z3 ML^ M^^f 3 z: •z: 1/ t I w » c;' -^>-» -« ty-1-1 -- ^^)o- J|^'^^ *^vi IWJC ^f F.o)ll^i4\l/ ■nln^ i RECORD -OF- n \ N Muskegon and Ottawa Counties MICHIGAN. CONTAINING Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, AND OF THE g Presidents of the I5nited states. ^ CHICAGO: 1893 f- Ur24S F571 ,M o p. ^_, / y 79 ^ / pF(Ep/l(?E. -^3»^ -KH- «.ff*<^- 5 1 11-: greatust of Englisli liL-;i,>ii:ins, Macaulat, and one of the most brilliant writers of the present century, has said: "The history of a country is best told in a record of the lives of its peuple." In conformity willi tliis i«■■■■ " ' ^rfc HE Father of our Country was \ff) born in Westmorland Co., V'a., a Feb. 22, 1732. His i)arents ¥ were Augustine and Mary Jj= (Ball) Washington. The family to which he belonged has not been satisfactorily traced in England. His great-grand- father, John Washington, em- igrated to Virginia about 1657, and became a pros|)erous planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and . had three children, John. Augustine and Mildred. Augus- tine, the father of George, fitst married Jane Hutler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of si.x children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, Joiin Augustine, Charles and Mildred. Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he beipieathed an estate on ihe I'atoinac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon, and to George he let't the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighlwrhood scIkwIs afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private imtruction in mattiemal'cs. Hie spellinii was rather defective. ■V Remarkable stories are told of his great physica: strength and development at an early age. He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fair- ness and veracity whicli characterized his whole life. When George was 1 4 years old he had a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposition of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later he was appointed surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, though only 19 years of age, he was apixjinted adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies with his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health. They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her demise tlie estate (>f Mount Vernon was given to George, Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle, as Lieuten- ant-Governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four mili- tary districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and ac- cepted, which others had refused. This was to pro- ceed to the French post near Lake Erie in North- western Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made without military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. Tht GEORGE WASHINGTON. trip was a perilous one, and several limes he came near losing his life, yet he returned in safety and furnished a full and useful rejxjrt of his ex[>edition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in com- mand of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington look a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755, known as Brad- dock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinction who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of Braddock were disabled early in the action, and Wasiiington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says : "I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was levelin" my companions on every side." An Indian sliarpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a bullet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him. .\fter having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal army, he look advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, 10 resign his commission. Soon after he entered the Legislature, where, although not a leader, he took an active and important part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis. When the British Parliament had closed the port <^{ Boston, the cry went up throughout the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at (lie suggestion of Virginia, that a Con- gress of all the colonies was called to meet at Phila- delphia.Sept. 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties, peaceably if jxissible. To this Congress Col. Wash- ington was sent as a delegate. On May to, 1775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of Con- cord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this ("ongress was the election of a com- mander-in-chief of tiie colonial forces. This high and res])onsible office was conferred u[K)n Washington, who was still a memberof the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress lo pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, to whom the fortunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under every possible disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years nf heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, 1783, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the army 10 to the Continental Congress sitting at Annapolis. Hl retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumei his occupation as a farmer and planter, shunning all connection wiih public life. In February, 1789, Washington was unanimously elected President. In his presidential career he was subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a iiew government ; trials from lack of confidence on the par of other governments; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the impoverished condition of the country, owmgto the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife. He was no partisan. His clear judg;nenl could discern the golden mean; and while perhaps this alone kept our government from sinking at the very outset, it left him exposed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying. At the expiration of his first term he was unani- mously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutely refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the expiraton of his second term as Presi- dent, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remaining years free from the annoyances of public life. Later in the year, however, his reixjse seemed likely to be interrupted by war with France- .At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take command of the armies. He chose his sub- ordinate officers and left to them the charge of mat- ters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December i 2, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in his throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the night of the fourteenth. On the eigh- teenth his body was borne wi'h military honors to its final resting ])lace, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon. Of the character of Washington it is impossible to speak but in terms of the highest respect and ad- miration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of unitirig all opinions in a common interest, the more highly we must estimate the force of his tal- ent and character, which have be'-n able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and princi])les, and na- tions, and to win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but believe will be as lasting as the existence of man. The person of Washington was unusally tan, erect and well projwrtioned. His muscu'ar strength was great. His features were of a beautiful symmetry. He commanded respect without any a|pcarance of haughtiness, and ever serious without l-^in^ dull. SECOND PRESIDENT. skijCjut^^ %^^^.^ -*<«e »»> tASSlSl^ tions he offered on the subject became very jopulai throughout the Provnice, and were adopted word for word liy over forty different towns. He moved to Bos- ton in 1768, and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocatesof the jxspular cause, and was chosen a member of the General Court (the I.eg- lislaturo) in 1770. Mr. ,\dams was chosen one of the first delegates from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congreis, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himselt by his capacity for business and for debate, and ad- vocated tlic movement for independence against \\-,i majority of the members. In May, 1776, he moved and carried a resolution in Congress that the Colonies should assume the duties of self-government. H^ was a prominent member of the committee of five) appointed June 11, to prepare a declaration of inde- pendence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through Congress in a three days debate. On the day after the Declaration of Independence was passed, while his soul was yet warm with th? glow of excited feeling, he wrote a letter to his wife which, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of prophecy. "Yesterday," he says,"t'iie greatest (juestion was decided that ever was debated in .Xmerica; and greater, perhaps, never was or wil be decidenent in politics. "5Vliile Mr. Adams was Vice President the great French Revolution shook the continent of Europe, and it was \x\yon this jwint which he was atissujwnh the majority of his countrymen led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no sympathy with the French people in their struggle, for he had no confidence in their power of self-government, and he utterly abhored the classof atheist philosophers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French people. Hence or- iginated the alienation between these distinguished men, and two powerful parties were thus soon organ- ized, .Adams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France. The world has seldom seen a spectacle of more moral beauty and grandeur, than was presented by the old age of Mr. Adams. The violence of party feeling had died away, and he had begun to receive that just appreciation which, to most men, is not accorded till after death. No one could look upon his venerable form, and think of what he had done and suffered, and how he had given up all the prime and strength of his life to the public good, without the deepest emotion of gratitude and respect. It was his peculiar good fortune to witness the complete success of the institution which he had been so active in creating and supporting. In 1824, his cup of happiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the people. The fourth of. July, 1826, which completed the half century since the signing of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished theit earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a few days before Mr. Adams had been rapidly failing, and on the morning of the fourth he found hmiself too weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he exclaimed " In- DEPKNDENCE FOREVKR." When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his i:ttendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "O yes; it is the glor- ious fourih of July — God bless it — (>od bless you all." In the course of the day he said, "It is a great and glorious day." The last words he uttered were, "Jefferson survives." But he had, nt one o'clock, re- signed his spiiit into the hands of his God. The personal appearance and manners of Mr Adams were not particularly jireiKSSsessint-. His face, as his portrait manifests.was intellectual ard exiires sive, luit his figure was low and tnigraceful, and h'\ manners were frequently abrupt and uncourteo'.is. He had neither the lofty dignity of Washington, nor the engaging elegance and irracefulness which marked the manners and address of Jefferson. *i3 \? -t/ ^^7m^yy^^/c THIRD PRESIDENT. a» Tli DMAS JET"FEE S 0^^ HOMAS JEFFERSON was jorn April 2, 1743, at Shad- '^«- "■ /rV)] B lith !!■•" well, Alberniarlc county, Va. His |)art'nts were Peter and Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, the former a native of Wales, and the latter born in Lon- don. To them were born six daughters and two sons, of wlioni Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, hav- ing been kept diligently at school from the time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William end Mary College. Williamsburg was then the seat of the Colonial Court, and it was the obodeof fashion a.id splendor. Yoimg Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat CApensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yet he- was earnestly devoted to his studies, and irreproatha- able in his morals. It is strange, however, under such influences,that he was not ruined. In tiie sec- ond year of his college course, moved by some un- explained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He often devoted fifteen jiou'.s a day to haid study, allowing himself for ex- ercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out of tlie city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, alike excellence in pliiloso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility. A more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from college halls; and there was not to be found, perhaps, in all Virginia, a more pureminded, upright, gentlemanly young man. Immediately ui»n leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time he continued in the practice of his i)rofession he rose rapidly and distin- guished himself by his energy and accuteness as a lawyer. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonies, and the enlarged views which Jefferson had ever entertained, soon led him into active political life. In 1769 he was chosec a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a very oeauti- ful, wealthy and highly accom|)lished young widow Upon Mr. Jefferson's large estate at Shadwell, thsre was a majestic swell of land, called Monticello, which commanded a prospect of wonderful extent and beauty. This spot Mr. Jefferson selected for his new home; and here he reared a mansion of modest ye* elegant architecture, which, next to Mount Vernon became the most distinguished resort in our land. In 1775 he was sent to the Cdonial Congress where, though a silent member, his aiiilities as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was '^ilaced uixdu a number of imiwrtant committees, and was chairman of the one appoiiited for the draw- ing up of a declaration of independence. This com- mittee consisted of Thouias Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger .Siierman and Roliert R. Livingston. Jefferson, as chairman, was apiwinted to draw up the paper. Franklin and Adams suggested a few verbal changes before it was submitted to Con- gress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776, What must have been the feelings of that 28 THOMAS JEFFERSON. man — what the emotions that swelled his breast — who was cliargcd with 'he preparation of tliat Dec- laration, which, while it made known the wrongs of America, was also to publish her to the world, free, soverign and independent. It is one of the most re- markable pa])ers ever written ; and did no other effort of tlie mind of its author exist, that alone would be sufficient to stamp his name with immortality. In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia. At one time the British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Moniicello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after the hurried escape of Mr. Jef- ferson and his family, ere his mansion was in posses- sion of the British troops. His wife's healtli, never very good, was much injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died. Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two years later he was apixjinted Minister Plenipo- tentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he became Secretary of State in Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan. r, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice Presi- dent, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President. The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstra- tion was disturbed by an event which threatened the tranquility and peace of the Union; this was tlie con- spiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election to the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition into the Spanish territories on our southwestern frontier, for the purpose of forming there a new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character. In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for which Mr. Jefferson had been elected, he determined to retire from political life. For a period of nearly .'brty years, he had been continually before the pub- lic, and all that time had been employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus de- voted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years rciptired, and ui)on the organization of the new administration, in March, 1809, he bid fare- well forever to public life, and retired to Monticelio. Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, — fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses, — and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticelio, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place. The fourth of July, 1826, being the fiftieth anniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence, great preparations were made in every pait of the Union for its celebration, as the nation's jubilee, and the citizens of Washington, to add to the solemnity of the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer, and one of the few surviving signers of the Declara- tion, to participate in their festivities. But an ill- ness, which had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decline the invitation. On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left him, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained nc hope of his recovery. From this time he was perfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the next dciy, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on being told it was the third of July, he expressed the earnest wish tha\ he might be permitted lo breathe the airof the fiftieth anniversary. His prayer was heard — that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst upon his eyes, and then they were closed for- ever. And what a noble consummation of a noble life! To die on that day, — the birthday of a nation,- - the day which his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked up to him, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill up the record his life. Almost at the same hour of his death, the kin- dred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, the champions of freedom; hand in hand, during the dark and desper- ate struggle of the Revolution, they had cheered and animated their des[X)nding countrymen; for half a century they had labored together for tne good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided. In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in height, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in after life became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his fore- head broad, and his whole coup^enance intelligent and thoughtful. He possessed great fortitude of mind as well as personal courage; and -.is command of tem- per was such that his oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and un- affected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all fovmd at his house a ready welcome. In conver- sation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finished classical sc:holar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his style upon the best models of antiquity. ^ / (Z^ ^ -^ i^iC t-1 c FOURTH J-KZ-.i^/VENT. pn]ES npDisoi]. AMES MADISON, "Father of the Constitution," and fourth ^f' President of the United States, was born March i6, 1757, and ._ . died at his home in Virginia, '•'yW^ June 28, 1836. The name of ■ James Madison is inseparably con- nected with most of the imixjrtant events in that heroic period of our country during which the founda- tions of this great repubHc were laid. He was the last of the founders of the Constitution of the United States to be called to his eternal reward. The Madison family were among the early emigrants to the New World, landing u|X)n the shores of the Chesa- peake but 15 years after the settle- ment of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent planter, residing w\K>n a very fine es- tate called " Montpelier," Orange Co., Va. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery highly pictur- esque and romantic, on the west side of South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and ]X)!itical attachment e.xisted between these illustrious men, from their early youtli until death. The early education of Mr. Madison wasconducteb mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of 18 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Here he applied himself to study with the most im- prudent zeal; allowing himself, for months, but three hours' sleep out of the 24. His health thus became so seriously impaired that he never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 177 i, with a feeble body, with a character of utmost purity, and with a mind liighly disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellislied and gave proficiency to his subsf ' quent career. Returning to Virginia, he commenced the study of law and a course of extensive and systematic reading. This educational course, the spirit of the times in whicli he lived, and the society with which he asso- ciated, all combined to inspire him with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for his life-work ol a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to be long, he directed es()ecial atten- tion to theological studies. F^ndowed with a mmd singularly free from passion and [irejudice, and with almost unequalled powers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith became so established as never to be shaken. In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), lie was a candidate for the General .\ssenibly. He refused to treat the whisky-lovir.g voters, and consequently lost his election ; but those who had witnessed the talent, energy and public sjurit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and he was appointed to tlie Executive Council. Both Patrick Henry and Tliomas Jefferson were Governors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of the Council ; and their appreciation of hi* 3» JAMES MADISON: mtcllectual, social and moral worth, contributed not a little to his subsequent eminence. In the year 1780, he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Here he met the most illustrious men in our land, and he was immediately assigned to one of ihe most conspicuous positions among them. For three years Mr. Madison continued in Con- gress, one of its most active and influential members. In the year 17 84, his term having expired, he was elected a member of the Virginia Legislature. No man felt more deeply than Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no na- tional government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. There was not any State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efificient national government must be formed. In January, 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to appoint commis- sioners to meet in convention at Annapolis to discuss this subject. Five States only were represented. The convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urgmg all the States to send their delegates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for the United States, to take the place of that Confederate League. The delegates met at •he time apixjinted. F,very State but Rhode Island vvas represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention; and the present Consti- tution of the United States was tlien and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more ac- tive in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison. The Constitution, adopted liy a vote 81 to 79, was to be ])resented to the several States for acceptance. But grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left but a conglomeration of independent States, with but little [Mwer at home and little lespect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by the conven- tion to draw up an address to the people of the United States, expounding the principles of the Constitution, and urging its adoption. There was great opposition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789. Mr. Madison was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed leader of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs Todd, a young widow of remarkable jxjwer of fascination, whom he married. She was in person and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occupied so prominent a |X)sition in the very peculiar society which has constituted our republican court as Mrs. Madison. Mr. Madison served as Secretary of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administration was chosen President. At this time the encroach- ments of England had brought us to the verge of war. , British orders in council destioyed our commerce, and our flag was exposed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, retiring in his disix)sition, war had no charms for him. But the meekest spirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American ship brought to, upon the ocean, by tlie guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the crew to be paraded before him. With great nonchal- ance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as British subjects ; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gun- deck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of search and im- pressment, no efforts of our Government could induce the British cabinet to relinquish. On the 1 8th of June, 18 12, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on tiie 4th of March, i8i3) was re-elected by a large majority, and entered uixin his second term of office. This is not the place to describe the various adventuras of this war on the land and on the water. Our infan navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grap- pling v.'ilh the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the appearance of a British fleet, early in February, i'8i3, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the United States under blockade. The Emperor of Russia offered his services as me ditator. America accepted ; England refused. A Brit- ish force of five thousand men landed on the banks of the Patuxet River, near its entrance into Chesa- peake Bay, and marched ra;>idly, by way of Bladens- burg, upon Washington. The straggling little city of Washington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole population fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the doer to await his si)eedy return, hurried to meet the oflficers in a council of war He met our troops utterly routed, and he. could not go back without danger of being captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Prcsidenti.nf Mansion, the Capitol, and all the public buildings in Washington were in flames. The war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, 18 15, the treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. On the 4th of March, 1817, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beau- tiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the re- mainder of his days. On June 28, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madi- son died July 12, 1849. ^rf^a^--/ ^- x-^ 7 /^- Z ^ ft ^ C^ FIFTH FRESJDENT. 35 "v /:\ XL-^f^ -«& PIIJES 11]0I)R0E. ^^ms -«& AMES MONROE, the fiftli .Presidentof The United States, was horn in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 175CS. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. Hij ancestors had for many years resided in' the prov- ince ill which he was born. When, at 17 years of age, in the process of completing his education at William and Mary College, the Co- lonial Congress assembled at Phila- delphia to deliberate ujKin the un- just and manifold oppressions of (ireat Britian, declared the separa- tion of the Colonies, and promul- gated the Declaration of Indepen- dence. Mad he been born ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots. He joined the army when everything looked hope- less and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came pouring in ; and the tones not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disheartened the new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the [)rospect of con- i;ndiiig with an enemy whom they had been taught to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through ililTiculty and danger, the United States owe their political emancipation. The young cadet joined the lanks, and PS|K)Used the cause of his injured country, with a firm determination to live o. lie with her strife for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the mel- ancholy retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through New Jersey. In four months after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charg- ing upon the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder. As a reward for his bravery, Mr. Monroe was ]}ro-| moted a captain of infantry ; and, having recovered, from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of iJiomotion, by becoming an officer in the staff of Ix)rd Sterling. During the cam- paigns of 1777 and i77cS, in the actions of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-de-camp; but becoming desirous to regain his position in the army, he exerted himself to collect a regiment for the Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. U[K)n this failure he entered the oftice of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Governor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study oi common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on the invasions of the enemy, served as a vohin teer, during the two years of his legal pursuits. In 17S2, he was elected from King George county, a member of the Leglislaiure of Virginia, and by that body he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence^ of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age; and having at this early period displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremitting energy for the public good, 36 JAMES MONROE. he was in tlie succeeding year chosen a member of the Congress of the United States. DeeplyasMr. Monioefelt the imperfections of the old confederacy, he was opposed to tlie new Constitution, Thinking, with many others of 'he RepubUcan parly, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. Still he re- tained the esteem of his friends who were its warm supporters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoption. In 1789, he l)ecanie a member of the United States Senate ; which office he held for four years. Every month the line of distinction lie- tween the two great parties wliich divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now sep- arated them were, that the Republican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a strict construction of tlie Constitution as to give the Central Government as little ix)wer, and the State Governments as much [xswer, as the Constitution would warrant. The Federalists sympathized with England, and were in favor of a liberal construction of the Con- stitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize. The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and Tames Monroe the. Republican, never breathed. In l)uilding up this majestic nation, which is destined to eclipse all Grecian and Assyrian greatness, the com- bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light eiiuilibritmi. And yet each in his day was de- nounced as almost a demon. Washington was then President. England had es- poused the cause of the Bourbons against the princi- ples of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Euroi)e were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from a tyranny a thousand-fold worse than that which we had endured Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the Pres- ident's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was de- nouncing the policy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to 'he Republic of France. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France witn the most enthusiastic demonstrMions. Shortly after his return to this countrv, Mr. Mon- roe was elected (Jovernor of Virginia, and held the office lor three yeais. He was again sent to Prance tu co-operate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had but shortly before ob- tained from Sjjain. Their united efforts were suc- cessful. For the comparatively small sum of fifteen millions of dollars, the entire territory of Orleans and district of Louisiana were added to the United States. Thi-. was probably the largest transfer of real estate wliich was ever made in all the history of the world. From France Mr. Monroe went to England to ob- tain from that country some recognition of oui rights as neiUrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. but Eng- land was unrelenting. He again returned to Eng- land on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his home and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State under Madison. While in this office war with England was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trying times, the duties of the War Departmeiv, were also put upon him. He was truly the armor- bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return of peace he resigned the Department of War, but con- tinued in the office of Secretary of State until the ex- piration of Mr. Madison's adniinstration. At the elec- tion held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opposition, and upon March 4, 1817, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term. Among the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the United States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine.' This famous doctrine, since known as the " Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in 1823. At that time the United States had recognized the independ- ence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European powers longer attempting to sub due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is as follows: "That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their sys- tem to any ])ortion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the pur|X)se of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by Europear. powers of an unfriendly dis]X)sition toward the United States." This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the approved sentiment of the United States. At the end of his f econd term Mr Monroe retired to his home in Virginia, where he lived uniil 1830 when he went to New York to live with his son-in- law. In that city he died, on the 4th of J\dy 1831 3. ^t fiv^vJ SIXTH PRESIDE NT. ^^^VS^^^^ OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of the United 'States, was born in tlie rural liome of his honored father, John Adams, in Qaincy, Mass., on the 1 ith cf July, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched overliis childhood during the almost constant ab- sence of his father. When but eight years of age, he stood with his mother on an eminence, listen- ing to the booming of the great bat- tle on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on upon the smoke and flames billow- ing u|) from the conflagration of Charlestown. When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of his mother, to sail with his fatner for Europe, tSrough a fleet ot hostile British cruisers. The bright, animated boy spent a year and a half in Paris, where his father was associated with Franklin and Lee as mmister plenipotentiary. His intelligence attracted ihe notice of these distinguished men, and he received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this cou.'.try, in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad. Again •oI.il fjuincy accompanied his father. At Paris he applied himself with great diligence, for six months, to .■.fudy; then accompained his father to Holland, v/here he entered, first a school in .\msterdam, then the University at I.eyden. Al)out a year from this time, in 178 1, when the manly boy was but fourteeTi yea's of age, he was selected l)y Mr. Dana, our min- ister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. In this school of incessant labor and of enobling rulture he spent fourteen months, and then returned 10 Holland through Sweden, Denmark, Hamburg and Bremen. This long journey he took alone, in the winter, when in his sixteenth year. Again he resumed ms studies, under a pri"ate tutor, at Hague. Thence, in the spring of 1782, he accompanied his father v: Paris, traveling leisurely, and forming acquaintanct with the most distinguished men on the Continent examining arctiitectural remains, galleries of | .lintings and all renowned works of art. At Paris he agaii, became associated with the most illustrious men of all lands in the contemplations of the loftiest lomiX)ral themes which can engross the human mind. Afte" a short visit to England he returned to Paris, ana consecrated all his energies to study until May, 1785, when he returned to America. To a brilliant young man of eighteen, who had seen much of the world, and who was familiar with the etifjuette of courts, a residence with his father in London, under such cir- cumstances, must have been extremely attractive but with judgment very rare in one of his age, he pre- ferred to return to America to complete his education in an American college. He wished then to study law, that with an honorable jirofession, he might be able to obtain an independent supi^rt. Ujjon leaving Harvard College, at the age of twenty he studied law for three years. In June, :794, be- ing then but twenty-seven years of age, he was ap- IKiinted by Washington, resident minister at the Netherlands. Sailing from Boston in July, he reacheo I-Xjndon in October, where he was immediately admit- ted to the deliberations of Messrs. Jay and Pinckncy assisting them in negotiating a commercial treaty with Gieat Britian. After thus spending a fortnight i. London, he proceeded to the Hague. In July, 1797, he left the Hague logo to Portugal in minister iilenipotentiary. On his way to Portugal. uix)n arriving in London, he met with despatches directing him to the court of Beiiin, but requestiiif; him to remain in London until he shuuld receive his instructions. While writing he was niairied to ar. American lady to whom he had been previously en- gaged, — Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson, daughtei of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American con.^ul in I ondon a lady cndownd with that beauty and those acconv plishment which eminently fitted her to move in tiiC elevated sphere for which she was ^««'ined. «0 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. He reached Berlin with his wife in November, 1797 ; where he remained until July, 1799, when, having ful- filled all the piir[X)ses of his mission, he solicited his recall. Soon after his return, in 1802, he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts, from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1804. His reputation, his aljility and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. Especially did he sustain the Govern- ment in its measures of resistance to tlie encroach- ments of England, destroying our commerce and in- sulting our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resistance. In 1809, Madison succeeded Jefferson in the Pres- idential chair, and he immediately nominated John Qiiincy Adams minister to St. PetersDurg. Resign- ing his professorship in Harvard College, he embarked at Boston, in August, 1809. While in Russia, Mr. Adams was an intense stu- dent. He devoted his attention to the language and history of Russia; to the Chinese trade; to the European system of weights, measures, and coins ; to the climate and astronomical observations ; wliile he Kept up a familiar acquaintance with the Greek and Latin classics. In all the universities of Europe, a more accomplished scholar could scarcely be found. All through life the Bible constituted an importar.t part of his studies. It was his rule to read five chapters every day. On the 4th of March, 1817, Mr. Monroe took the Presidential chair, and immediately appointed Mr. Adams Secretary of State. Taking leave of liis num- erous friends in public and private life in Europe, he sailed in June, 1819, for the United States. On the i8th of August, he again crossed the threshold of his home in Quincy. During the eight years of Mr. Mon- roe's administration, Mr, Adams continued Secretary of State. Some time before Lhe close of Mr. Monroe's second term of oltice, new candidates began to be presented for the Presidency. The friends of Mr. .Adams brought forward his name. It was an exciting campaign. Party spirit was never more bitter. Two himdred and sixty electoral votes were cast. Andrew Jackson re- ceived ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one; Henry Clay, thirty- seven. As there was no choice by the people, the -juestion went to the House of Re|jresentatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all the disappointed candidates now -.ombined in a venomous and persistent assault upon Mr. Adams. There is nothing more disgraceful in •V»« oast history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream, upon this high-minded, upright, patriotic man. There never was an administration more pure in principles, more con- scientiously devoted to the best interests of tlie coun- try, than that of John Quincy Adams ; and never, per- haps, was there an administration more unscrupu- lously and outrageously assailed. Mr. Adams was, to a very remarkable degree, ab- stemious and temperate in his habits; always rising early, and taking much exercise. When at his hcmein Quincy, he lias been known to walk, before breakfast, seven miles to Boston. In Washington, it was said that he was the first man up in the city, lighting his own fire and applying himself to work in his library often long before dawn. On the 4th of March, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Andrew Jackson. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice Presi- dent. The slavery question now began to assume [X)rlentous magnitude. Mr. .Adams returned to Quincy and to his studies, which he pursued with un- abated zeal. But he was not long permitted to re- main in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected representative to Congress. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post as repre- sentative, towering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle' for freedom, and winning the title of "the old man eloquent." Upon takmg his seat in the House, he announced that he should hold him- self bound to no party. Probably there never was a member more devoted to his duties. He was usually the first in his place in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could be brought forward and escape his scrutiny. 'I he battle which Mr. Adams fought, almost singly, against the proslavery party in the Government, was sublime in Its moral dating and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the grand jury with expulsion from the House, with assassination but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. It has been said of President Adams, that when his body was bent and his hair silvered by the lapse of fourscore years, yielding to the sim|)le faith of a little child, he was accustomed to repeat every night, before he slept, the prayer which his mother taught him in his infant years. On the 2 1 St of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress, with a ])aper in his hand, to address the speaker. Suddenly he fell, again stricken by parnly sis, and was caught in the arms of those aiound liim For a time he was senseless, as he was conveyed lo the sofa in the rotunda. With reviving conscious- ness, he opened his eyes, kx)ked calmly around ai _d said " This is the tm/of earth ."then after a moment's pause he added, '' I am eonteiit" These were the last words of the grand "Old Man Eloquent." :^% <^^-^/z^^ ^<. <^ WJ^^^ ■-Z-- SEVENTH PRESIDENT. OF^(S?-voiaJ'(Si@*SS.Mii«S.; "%■ ^;f^ NDREW JACKSON, the seventh President of the ' United States, was bom in Waxhaw settlement, N. C, March 15, 1767, a few days after his father's death. His parents were jxxir emigrants from Ireland, and took u[) their abode in Waxhaw set- tlement, where they lived in deepest poverty. Andrew, or Andy, as ho was universally called, grew up a very rough, rude, turbulent boy. His features were coarse, his form un- gainly; and there was but very little in his character, made visible, which was at- tiaciive. When only thirteen years old he joined the volun- teers of Carolina against the British invasion. In 1781, he and his brother Robert were captured and imi)risoned for a time at Camden. A British officer ordered him to brush his mud-spattered boots. " I am a jjrisoner of war, not your servant," was the reply of the dauntless boy. The brute drew his sword, and aimed a desperate Dlow at the head of the helpless young jjrisoner. Andrew raised his hand, and thus received two fear- ful gashes, — one on the hand and the other uiwn the heatl. The officer then turned to his brother Robert with the same demand. He also refused, and re- ceived a blow from the keen-edged sabre, which ipiite disabled him, and which probably soon after caused his death. They suffered much other ill-treatment, and were finally stricken with the small-ix)x. Their mother was successful «< iibtaining their exchange, and took her sick boys home. After a long illn.Si Andrew recovered, and the death of his mother soon left him entirely friendless. Andrew supix)rted himself in various ways, sichas working at the saddler's trade, teaching school and clerking in a general store, until 1784, when he entered a law office at Salisbury, N. C. He, however, gave more attention to the wild amusements of tlie times than to his studies. In 1788, he was ai)ix)inteJ solicitor for the western district of North Carolina, 01 which Tennessee was then a part. This involved many long and tedious journeys amid dangers of every kind, but Andrew Jackson never knew fear and the Indians had no desire to repeat a skirmish witn the Sharp Knife. In 1791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supposed herself divorced from her former husbat^d. Great was the sar[)rise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditionsof the divorce had just been definitely settled liy the first husband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occur- rence was often used liy his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor. During these years he worked hard at his profes sion, and freipiently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was esi)ec- ially disgraceful. In January, 1796, the Territory of Tennessee then containing nearly eighty thousand inhabitaf.ts, the people met in convention at Knoxville to frame a con- stitution. Five were sent from each of the elev.i. counties. Andrew Jackson was one of the delegare^.' The new State was entitled to but one member iu the Natio.ial House of Representatives. .Andre* JacV- son was chosen that member. Mounting his horse he rode to Philedelphia, where Congress then 1 eld its 44 ANDRE IV JACKSON. sessions, — a distance of about eight hundred miles. Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Demo- cratic pxrty. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, Gen. Washington, whose second term of office was then expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve of tlie address, and was one of the twelve who voted against it. He was not willing to say that Gen. Washington's adminstration had been " wise, firm and patriotic." Mr. Jackson was elected to the United States Senate in 1797, but soon resigned and returned home. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Suprenie Court of his State, which position he held fjr six years. When the war of 1812 with Great Britian com- menced, Madison occupied the Presidential chair. Aaron Bnrr sent word to the President that there was an unknown man in the West, Andrew Jackson, who would do credit to a commission if one were con- ferred u[X)n him. Just at that time (jen. Jackson ofiTered his services and those of twenty-five hundred volunteers. His offer was accepted, and the troo|)s were assembled at Nashville. As the British were hourly expected to make an at- tack v.pon New Orleans, where Gen Wilkinson was in command, he was ordered to descend the river with fifteen hundred troops to aid Wilkinson. The Expedition reached Natchez; and after a delay of sev- eral weeks there, without accom|)lishing anything, the men were ordered back to their homes. But the energy Gen. Jackson had displayed, and his entire devotion to the comrfort of his soldiers, won him golden oinnioiis; and he became the most popular man in the State. It was in this expedition that his toughness gave him the nickname of " Old Hickory." Soon after this, while attempting to horsewhip Col. Thomas H. Benton, for a remark that gentleman made about his taking a part as second in a duel, in which a younger brother of Benton's was engaged, he received two severe pistol wounds. While he was iingering mmn a bed of suffering news came that the Indians, who had combined under Tecumseh from Florida to the Lakes, to extemiinate the white set- tlers, were committing the most awful ravages. De- cisive action became necessary. Gen. Jackson, with his fractured bone just beginning to heal, his arm in a sling, and unable to mount his horse without assis- (ance, gave his amazing energies to the raising of an army to rendezvous at Fayettesvillc, .Mabama. The Creek Indians had established a strong fort on une of the bendsof theTallaooosa River, near the cen- ter of Alabama, about fifty miles below Fort Strother. With an army of two thousand men. Gen. Jackson traversed the pathless wilderness in a march of eleven days. He reached their fort, called Tohopeka or Horse-shoe, on t'le 27th of March. 1814. The bend of the river enclosed nearly one hundred acres oi tangled forest and wild ravine. Across the narrow- neck the Indians had constructed a formidable brea.'^l- work ot logs and brush. Here nine hundred warriors, with an ample suplyof arms were assembled. The fort was stormed. The fight was utterly des- perate. Not an Indian would accept of quarter. When bleeding and dying, they would fight those who en- deavored to spare their lives. From ten in the morn- ing until dark, the battle raged. The carnage was awful and revolting. Some threw themselves into the river; but the unerring bullet struck their heads as they swam. Nearly everyone of the nine hundred war- rios were killed A few probably, in the night, swam the river and escaped. This ended the war. The [jower of the Creeks was broken forever. This bold plunge into the wilderness, with its terrifific slaughter, so appalled the savages, that the haggard remnants of the bands came to the camp, begging for peace. This closing of the Creek war enabled us to con- centrate all our militia upon the British, who were the allies of the Indians No man of less resolute will than Gen. Jackson could have conducted this Indian campaign to so successful an issue Immediately he was appointed major-general. Late in August, with an army of two thousand men, on a rushing march. Gen. Jackson came to Mobile. A British fleet came from Pensacola, landed a force upon the beach, anchored near the little fort, and from both ship and shore commenced a furious assault The battle was long and doubtful. .At length one of the ships was blown up and the rest retired. Garrisoning Mobile, where he had taken his little army, he moved his troops to New Orleans, And the battle of New Orleans which soon ensued, was in reality a very arduous campaign. This won for(ien. Jackson an imperishable name. Here his troops, which numbered about four thousand men, won a signal victory over the British army of about nine thousand. His loss was but thirteen, while the loss of the British was two thousand six hundred. The name of Gen. Jackson soon began to be men- tioned in connection with the Presidency, but, in 1824, he was defeated by Mr. Adams. He was, however, successful in the election of 1S28, and was re-elected for a second term in 1S32. In 1829, just before he assumed the reins of the government, he met with the most terrible affliction of his life in the death of his wife, whom he had loved with a devotion which has perhaps never been surpassed. From the shock of her death he never recovered. His administration was one of the most i^icnicrabie in the annals of our country; applauded' oyone party, condemned by the other. No man had more bitter enemies or warmer friends. At the expiration of his two terms of office he retired to the Hermitage, where he died June 8, 1S45. The last years of Mr. Jack- ' son's life were that of a devoted t'hristian man. 9 /■ 7 2-^'^-^^k ^'-L^/j ei^^i^C^ t^^ EIGHTH PRESIDENT. iggf ARTIN VAN BUREN, the cif^hth President of the United States, was born at Kinderhook, N. V'., Dec. 5, 1782. He died at the same place, July 24, 1862. His body rests in tiie cemetery at Kinderhook. Above it is a plain granite shaft fifteen feet high, bearing a simple inscription about half way up on one face. The lot is unfenced, unbordered or unbounded by shrub or flower. There »- imt ilttle in the life of Martin Van Huren zl romanc c interest. He fought no battles, engaged in no wild adventures. Though his life was stormy in political and intellectual conflicts, and he gained many signal victories, his days passed uneventful in those incidents which give zest to biography. His an- cestors, as his name indicates, were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Holland to tiie banks of the Hudson. His father was a farmer, residing in the old town of Kinderhook. His mother, also of Dutch lineage, was a woman of superior intel- ligence and exemplary piety. .le was decidedly a precocious boy, developing un- usual activity, vigor and strength of mind. At the age of fourteen, he had finished his academic studies .n his native village, and commenced the study of law. As he had not a collegiate education, seven years of study in a law-office were reijiiired of him ijefore he could be admitted to the bar. Ins))ired with d. lofty ambition, and conscious of his powers, he pur- sued his studies with indefatigable industry. After spending six years in an office in his native village. he went to the city of Mew York, and prosecuted his studies for the seventh year. In 1803, Mr. Van Buren, then twenty-one years ol age, commenced the practice of law in his native vi|. lage. The great conflict between the I'ederal and Republican party was then at its height. Mr. Van Buren was from the beginning a i)olitician. He had, perhaps, imbibed that spirit while listening to the many discussions which had been carried on in his father's hotel. He was in cordial sympathy with, Jefferson, and earnestly and eloquently esi>oused tl-.- cause of State Rights; though at tlial lime the l-'ec'- eral party held the supremacy both in his tow i and State. His success and increasing ruputation led him after six years of practice, to remove to Hudson, th. county seat of his county. Here he sjjent seven year-, constantly gaining strength by contending in Iht. courts with some of the ablest men who have adurneil the bar of his State. Just before leaving Kinderhook for Hudson, Mi. Van Buren married a lady alike distinguished foi beauty and accomplishments. After twelve shoa years she sank into the grave, the victim of consuu'i). tion, leaving her husband and four sons to wee)) ovei iier loss. For twenty-five years, Mr. Van Buren wa;- an earnest, successful, assiduous lawyer. The recoro of those years is barren in items of i)ublic interest. In iSi 2, when thirty years of age, he was chosen to the State Senate, and gave his strenuous j-upport to Mr. Madison's adniinstration. In 1815, he was ap- pointed .Attorney-General, and the next year moved to Albany, the cai)ilal of the Stale. 'A'hile he was ackno\\'ledged as one of the mo<; p. ominenl leaders of the Democratic party, he had 48 MARTIN VAN BVREN. the moral courage to avow that true democracy did not require that " universal suffrage " which admits the vile, the degraded, the ignorant, to the right of governing the State. In true consistency with his democratic principles, he contended that, while the path leading to the privilege of voting should be open to every man without distinction, no one should be invested with that sacred prerogative, unless he were in some degree qualified for it by intelligence, virtue and some property interests in the welfare of the ?;tate. In 182 I he was elected :, member of the United States Senate; and in the same year, he took a seat in the convention to revise the constitution of his native State. His course in this convention secured the approval of men of all parties. No one could doubt the singleness of his endeavors to promote the interests of all classes in the community. In the Senate of the United States, he rose at once to a ":onsi)icuous position as anactive and useful legislator. In 1827, John Quincy Adams beirg then in the Presidential chair, Mr. Van Buren was re-elected to >he Senate. He had been from the beginning a de- ermiiied opposer of the Administration, adopting the , 'State Rights" view in opposition to what was ieemed the Federal proclivities of Mr. Adams. Soon after this, in 1828, he was chosen Governorof the Stale of New York, and accordingly resigned his "seat in the Senate. Probably no one in the United >tates contributed so much towards ejecting John Q. Adams from the Presidential chair, and placing in it Andrew Jackson, as did Martin Van Buren. Whether entitled to the reputation or not, he certainly was re- garded througiiout the United States as one of the most skillful, sagacious and cunning of jwliticians. It was supjwsed that no one knew so well as he how !o touch the secret spiings of action; how to pull all the wires to put his machinery in motion; and how to organize a ix)litical army which would, secreily and ste.-'Uhily accom[)lish the most gigantic results. By these [jowers it is said that he outv/itted Mr. Adams, .Mr. Clay, Mr. Webster, and secured results which few thought then could be accomplished. Whe)i .\ndrew Jackson was elected President he apixjinted .Mr. Van Buren Secretary of Stale. This lx)sition he resigned in 183 1, and was immediately appointed Minister to Eng'and, where he went the same autumn. The Senate, however, when it met, refused to ratify the nomination, and he returned home, apparently untroubled; was nominated Vice President in the place of Calhoun, at the re-elect on of President Jackson; and with smiles for all and fiowns for none, he took his place at the head of thai Senate which hdd refused to confirm his nomii,at;on as ambassador. His rejection by the Senate roused all the zeal of President Jackson in behalf of his repudiated favor- ite; and this, probably more than any other cause, secured his elevation to the chair of the Chief E::ecu tive. On the 20th of May, 1836, Mr. Van Buren re- ceived the Democratic nomination to succeed Gen. Jackson as President of the United States He was elected by a handsome majority, to the delight of the retiring President. " Leaving New York out of the canvass," says Mr. Parton, "the election of Mr. Van Buren to the Presidency was as much the act of Gen. Jackson as though the Constitution h;;d conferred uix)n him the power to a|)|)oint a successor." His administration was filled with exciting events The insurrection in Canada, which threatened 10 in ■ volve this country in war with England, the agitation of the slavery (piestion, and finally the great commer- cial panic which spread over the country, all were trials to his wisdom. The financial distress was at- tributed to the management of the Democratic party, and brought the President into such disfavor that he failed of reelection. With the exception of being nominated for the Presidency by the "Free Soil" Democrats, in 1848, Mr. Van Buren lived quietly upon his estate until his death. He had ever been a prudent man, of frugal habits, and living within his income, had now fortunately a competence for his declining years. His unblemished character, his commanding abilities, his unqviestioned ])atriotism, ard the distinguished positions which he had occupied in the government of our country, se- cured to him not only the homage of his party, but the respect ot the whole community. It was on the 4th of March, 184 1, that Mr. Van Buren retired from the presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald. he still exerted a powerful influence uix)n the politics of the country. From this time until his death, on the 24th of July, 1862, at the age of eighty years, he resided at Lindenwald, a gentleman of leisure, of culture and of wealth; enjoyirg in a healthy old age, probably far more hapj)iiiess than he had before exijerienced amid the stormy scenes ol hi? active life- /Cc^. M /%S-'Z-7,'t^T'U^ NINTH PRESIDENT. V ^M^ m^^m^ m ILLIAM HENRY HARRI- SON, the ninth President of the United States, was born at Berkeley, N'a., Feb. 9, 1773. ^"i His father, Benjamin Harri- son, was in comparatively op- ulent circumstances, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, w as early elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was conspicuous among the patriots of Virginia in resisting the encroachments of the British crown. In the celebrated Congress of 1775, Benjamin Har- rison and John Hancock were both candidates for the office of si)eaker. Mr Harrison was subsequently chosen Governor of Virginia, and was twice re-elected. His son, i William Henry, of course enjoyed in childhood all the advantages which wealth and intellectual and cultivated society could give. Hav- ing received a thorough common-school education, he entered Hampden Sidney College, where he graduated with honor soor. nfter the death of his father. He oien repaired to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instructions of Dr. Rush and the guardianship of Robert Morris, both of whom were, with his father, ligners of the Declaration of Independence. JlK)n tlie outbreak of the Indian troubles, and not- withstanding the 'e monstrances of his friends, he joandoncd his medical studies and entered the army, .laving obtai""'' a commission of Ensign from Presi- \ dent Washington. He was then but 19 yer.rs old From that time he passed gradually upward in rank until he became aid to General Wayne, after whose death he resigned his commission. He was then ap- pointed Secretary of the Nortli-western Territory. This Territory was then entitled to but one member in Congress and Capt. Harrison was chosen to fill that jjosition. In the spring of 1800 the North-western Territory was divided by Congress into two portions. The eastern portion, comprising the region now embraced in the State of Ohio, was called '" The Territory north-west of the Ohio." The western portion, which included what is now called Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, was called the "Indiana Territory." Wil . liam Henry Harrison, then 27 years of age, was ap jx)inted by John Adams, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and immediately after, also Governor of Upper Louisiana. He was thus ruler over almost as extensive a realm as any sovereign upon the globe. He was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and was in- vested with lowers nearly dictatorial over the now rapidly increasing white population. The ability and fidelity with which he discharged these responsible duties may be inferred from the fact that he was four times apjxjinted to this office — first by John Adams, twice by Thomas Jefferson and afterwards by Presi. dent Madison. When he began his adminsf ration there were but three white settlementsin that almost boundless region, now crowded with cities and resounding with all the tumult of wealth and traffic. One of these settlements was on the Ohio, nearly opjwsite Louisville; one at Vincennes, on the Wabash, and the third a French settlement. The vast wilderness over which Gov. Harrisoij reigned was filled with many tribes of Indians. Aboii> 5 = WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. the year 1806, two extraordinary men, twin brothers, of the Shawnese tribe, rose among them. One of these was called Tecamseh, or "The Crouching P iniher;" the other, Olliwacheca, or " The Prophet." I'ecuniseh was not only an Indian warrior, but a man of great sagacity, far-reaching foresight and indomit- able perseverance in any enterprise m which he might engage. He was inspired with the highest enthusiasm, and had long regarded with dread and with hatred the encroachment of the whites upon the hunting- grounds of his fathers. His brother, the Prophet, was anorator, who could sway the feelings of the untutored Indian as the gale tossed the tree-tops beneath which tliey dwelt. But the Prophet was not merely an orator: he was, in the superstitious minds of the Indians, invested with the superhuman dignity of a medicine-man or a magician. With an enthusiasni unsurpassed by Peter the Hermit rousing Europe to tlie crusades, he went from tribe to tribe, assuming that he was specially sent by the Great Spirit. Gov. Harrison made many attempts to conciliate the Indians, l)ut at last the war came, and at Tippe- canoe the Indians were routed with great slaughter. October 28, 1812, his army began its march-. When near the Prophet's town three Indians of rank made their appearance and inquired why Gov. Harrison was approaching them in so hostile an attitude. After a short conference, arrangements were made for a meet- ing the next day, to agree upon terms of peace. Hut Gov. Harrison was too well acquainted with the Indian character to be deceived by such protes- tations. Selecting a favorable spot for his night's en- cam[)ment, he took every precaution against surprise. His troops were jwsted in a hollow square, and slept upon their arms. The trooi)s threw themselves upon the ground for rest; but every man had his accourtrements on, his loaded musket by his side, and his bayonet fixed. The wakeful Governor, between three and four o'clock in tlie morning, had risen, and was sitting in conversa- tion with his aids by the embers of a waning fire. It was a chill, cloudy morning with a drizzling rain. In the darkness, the Indians had crept as near as possi- ble, and just then, with a savage yell, rushed, with all the desperation wliich superstition and passion most highly inflamed could give, upon the left flank of the little army. The savages had been amply provided with guns and ammunition by the English. Their war-whooi) was accompained by a shower of bullets. The camp-fires were instantly extinguished, as the light aided the Indians in their aim. With hide- pus yells, the Indian bands rushed on, not doubting a speedy and an entire victory. But Gen. Harrison's irooi^s stood as immovable as the rocks around them until day dawned : they then made a simultaneous charge with the bayonet, and swept every thing be- fore them, and completely routing the foe, Gov. Harrison now had all his energies tasked to the utmost. The British descending from the Can ■ adas, were of themselves a very formidable force ; but with their savage allies, rushing like wolves from the forest, searching out every remote farm-house, burn- ing, plundering, scalping, torturing, the wide frontier was plunged into a state of consternation which even the most vivid imagination can but faintly conceive. The war-whoop was resounding everywhere in the forest. The horizon was illuminated with the conflagra- tion of the cabins of the settlers. Gen Hull had made the ignominious surrender of his forces at Detroit. Under these despairing circumstances, Gov. Harrison was appointed Ijy President Madison commander-in- chief of the North-western army, with orders to retake Detroit, and to protect the frontiers. It would be difficult to place a man in a situation demanding more energy, sagacity and courage; but General Harrison was found equal to the position, and nobly and triumphantly did he meet all the re- sponsibilities. He won the love of his soldiers by always sharing with them their fatigue. His whole baggage, while pursuing the foe up the Thames, was carried in a valise ; and his bedding consisted of a single blanket lashed over his saddle. Thirty-five British officers, his prisoners of war, supped with him after the battle. The only fare he could give them was beef roasted before the fire, without bread or salt. In i8t6, (Jen. Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Representatives, to represent the District of Ohio. In Congress he proved an active member; and whenever he spoke, it was with force of reason and power of eloquence, which arrested the attention of all the members. In iSrt), Harrison was elected to the Senate of Ohio; and in 1824, as one of the presidential electors of that State, he gave his vote for Henry Clay. The same year he was chosen to the L'nited States Senate. In 1836, the friends of Gen. Harrison brought hiin forward as a candidate for the Presidency againsi Van Buren, but he was defeated. At the close of Mr. Van Buren's term, he was re -nominated by his party, and Mr. Harrison was unanimously nominated by the Whigs, with John Tyler for the Vice Presideiu y. The contest was very animated. Gen Jackson gave all his influence to [ire vent Harrison's election ; but his triumph was signal. The cabinet which he formed, with Daniel Webstei at its head as Secretary of State, was one of the most brilliant with which anv President had ever been surrounded. Never were the pros[)ects of an admin- istration more flattering, or the hopes of the country more sanguine. In the midst of these bright and joyous prospects. Gen. Harrison was seized L'y a pleurisy-fever and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died on the 4th of April; just one month after his inauguration as President of the U;nled States. '"vn rJ ^^y TENTH PTiESIDENT. 55 JOim" TTIEH, I OHN TYLER, the tenth ■' ; Presidentofthe United States. He was born in Charles-city Co., Va., March 29, 1790. He was the favored child of af- fluence and high social po- sition. At the early age of twelve, John entered William and Mary College and grad- uated with much honor when but seventeen years old. After graduating, he devoted him- self with great assiduity to the study of law, partly with his father and partly with Edmund Randolph, one of the most distin- guished lawyers of Virginia. At nineteen years of age, ne commenced the practice of law. His success was rapid and aston- ishing. It is said that three months had not elapsed ere there was scarcely a case on the dock- 1 et of the court in which he was i.M retained. When but twenty-one years of age, he was almost unanimously ejected to a seat in the State Legislature. He connected himself with the Demo- cratic party, and warmly advocated the measures of TefTerson and Madison. For five successive years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote or his county. When but twenty-six years of age, he was elected a member of Congress. Here he acted earnestly and ably wi,h the Democratic party, ojjixjsing a national bank, inter"'! improvements by the General '^ovcn- ment, a protective tariflf, and advocating a strict con- struction of the Constitution, and the most careful vigilance over State rights. His labors in Congress were so arduous that before the close of his second term he found it necessary to resign and retire to his estate in Charles-city Co., to recruit his health. He, however, soon after consented to take his seat in the State Legislature, where his influence was jwwerful in promoting public works of great utility. With a reputation thus canstantly increasing, he was chosen by a very large majority of votes. Governor of his native State. His administration was signally a suc- cessful one. His popularity secured his re-election. John Randolpji, a brilliant, erratic, half-crazed man, then represented Virginia in the Senate of the United States, k portion of the Democratic party was displeased with Mr. Randolph's wayward course, and brought forward John Tyler as his op|K)nent, considering him the only man in ^'irginia of sufficient popularity to succeed against the renowned orator of Roanoke. Mr. Tyler was the \ictor. In accordance with his professions, upon taking his seat in tlie Senate, he joined the ranks of the opposi- tion. He op[X3sed the tariff; he spoke against and voted against the bank as unconstitutional ; he stren- uously opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resist- ing all projects of internal improvements by the Gen- eral Government, and avowed his sympathy with Mr. Calhoun's view of nullification ; he declared that Gen. Jackson, by his opjjosition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress, — a record in perfect accordance with the principles which be had always avowed. Returning to Virginia, he resumed the practice of his profession. Therv was a ci>I:t in th.e I)en;ocr.>ii< 56 JOHN TYLER. I'arty. His friends still regarded him as a true Jef- fersonian, gave him a dinner, and showered compli- ments upon him. He had now attained the age of forty-six. His career had been very brilliant. In con- sequence of his devotion to jjublic business, his pri- vate affairs had fallen into some disorder; audit was not without satisfaction that he resumed the practice of law, and devoted himself to the culture of his plan- tation. Soon after this he remo\ed to Williamsburg, for the better education of his children ; and he again look his seat in the Legislature of Virginia. By the Southern Whigs, he was sent to the national convention at Harrisburg to nominate a President in f839. The majority of votes were given to Gen. Har- rison, a genuine VVhig, much to the disappointment of the South, who wished for Henry Clay. To concili- ate the Southern Whigs and to secure their vote, the convention then nominated John Tyler for Vice Pres- ident. It was well known that he was not in sympa- thy with the Whig party in the Noith: but the Vice President has but very little power in the Govern- ment, his main and almost only duty being to pre- side over the meetings of the Senate. Thus it hap- pened that a Whig President, and, in reality, a Democratic Vice President were chosen. In 1 84 1, Mr. Tyler was inaugurated Vice Presi- dent of the United States. In one short month from that time. President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler thus -;und himself, to his own surprise and that of the whole Nation, an occupant of the Presidential chair. This was a new test of the stability of our institutions, as it was the first time in the history of our country that such an event had occured. Mr. Tyler was at home in Williainsinirg when he received the une.xpected tidings of the death of President Harri- son. He hastened to Washington, and on the 6th of h~n\ was inaugurated to the high and responsible office. He was placed in a iX)sition of exceeding delicacy and difficulty. All his long life he had been o])posed tc the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. He had ever been a con- sistent, honc;t man, with an unblemished record. Gen. Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with coun- sellors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or, on the other hand, should he turn against the party whicii had elected him and select a cabinet in har- mony with himself, and which would oppose all those views which the Whigs deemed essential to tiie pub- lic welfare.' This was his fearful dilemma. He in- vited the cabinet which President Hanrison had selected to retain their seats. He reccoinmended a day of fasting and prayer, that (iod would guide and bless us. The Whigs carried through Congress a bill for the incor|»ration of a fiscal bank of the United States. The President, after ten days' delay, returned it with his veto. Hf suLiijested, however, that he would approve of a bill drawn up upon such a plan as he proposed. Such a bill was accordingly prepared, and privately submitted to him. He gave it his approval. It was passed without alteration, and he sent it back with his veto. Here commenced the open rupture. It is said that Mr. Tyler was provoked to this meas- ure by a published letter from the Hon. John M. Botts, a distinguished Virginia Whig, who severely touched the pride of the President. The opposition now exultingly received the Presi- dent into their arms. The party which elected him denounced him bitterly. AH the members of his cabinet, excepting Mr. Webster, resigned. The Whigs of Congress, both the Senate and the House, held a meeting and issued an address to the people of the United States, proclaiming that all political alliance between the \Vhigs and President Tyler were at an end. Still the President attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet of distinguished Whigs and Conservatives, carefully leaving out all strong party men. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. Thus the four years of Mr. Tyler's unfortunate administra- tion ])assed sadly away. No one was satisfied. The land was filled witli murmurs and vituperation. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. More and more, however, he brought himself into sympathy with his old friends, the Democrats, until atthe close of his term, he gave his whole influence to the support of Mr. Polk, the Democratie candidate for his successor. On the 4th of March, 1845, he retired from the harassments of office, tothe regret of neither party, and probably to his own unsjjeakable relief. His first wife, Miss Letitia Christian, died in Washington, in 1842; and in June, 1844, President Tyler was again married, at New York, to Miss Julia Gardiner, a young lady of many personal and intellectual accomplishments. The remainder of his days Mr. Tyler passed mainly in retirement at his beautiful home, — Sherwood For- est, Charles-city Co., Va. A polished gentleman in his manners, richly furnished with information from books and experience in the world, and possessing brilliant powers of conversation, his family circle was the scene of unnsual attractions. With sufficient means for the exercise of a generous hospitality, he might have enjoyed a serene old age with the few friends who gathered around him, were it not for the storms of civil war which his own princijiles and jxilicy had helped to introduce. When the great Rebellion rose, which the State- rights and nullifying doctrines of Mr. John C. CaU houn had inaugurated. President Tyler renounced his allegiance to the United States, and joined the Confed- erates. He was chosen a member of their Congress; and while engaged in active measures to destroy, by force of arms, the Government over wliich he had once presided, he was taken sick and ^o-ju died. '*^"- .s^ <^*~ — ^ - ELE J EJV TH PRESIDENT : 59 ,IAMES Ko POIK, ^'^ ^.■^ V i^^.:^.^S*^.^^ ri^ ^^j 1^" 1^ AMES K. POLK, the eleventh f-i.Tresident of the United States, was born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C.,Nov. 2, 1795. His par- rft^i\ ents were Samuel and Jane (Knox) Polk, the former a son of Col. Tliomas I'olk, who located at the above place, as one of the first pioneers, in 1735. In the year 1S06, with his wife and children, ar.d soon after fol- lowed by most of the members of the Polk fainly, Samuel Polk emi- grated some two or three hundred miles farther west, to the rich valley of the Duck River. Here in the midst of the wilderness, in a region which was subsequently called Mau- ry Co., they reared their log huls, and established their homes. In the hard toil of a new farm in the wil- derness, James K. Polk spent the early years of his childhood and youth. His father, adding the pur- suit of a surveyor to that of a farmer, ' gradually increased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. His mother was a superior woman, of strong common sense and earnest piety. Very early in life, James developed a taste for reading and expressed the strongest desire to obtain a liberal education. His mother's training had made liim methodical in his habits, had taught him punct- uality and industry, and had inspired him with lofty principles of morality. His health was frail ; and his father, fearing that he might not be able to endure a sedentary life, got a situation for him behind the counter, ho])ing to fit him for commercial pursuits. This was to James a bitter disapix)intment. He had no taste for these duties, and his daily tasks were irksome in the extreme. He remained in this uncongenial occupation but a few weeks, when at his earnest solicitation his father removed him, and made arrangements for him to prosecute his studies. Soon after he sent him to Murfreesboro Academy. With ardor which could scarcely be surpassed, he pressed forward in his studies, and in less than two and a half, years, in the autumn of 1815, entered the sophomorej class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapell Hill. Here he was one of the most exemplaiy of scholars, punctual in every exercise, never allowing himself to be absent from a recitation or a religious service. He graduated in 18 18, with the highest honors, be* ing deemed the best scholar of his class, both in mathematics and the classics. He was then twenty- three years of age. Mr. Polk's health was at this time much impaired by the assiduity with which he had prosecuted his studies. After a short season of relaxation he went to Nashville, and entered the office of Felix Grundy, to study law. Here Mr. Polk renewed his acquaintance with Andrew Jackson, who resided on his plantation, the Hermitage, but a few miles from Nashville. They had probably been slightly acquainted before. Mr. Polk's father was a Jeffersonian Republican, and James K. Polk ever adhered to the same politi- cal faith. He was a popular public speaker, and was constantly called upon to address the meetings of his party friends. His skill as a speaker was such that he was jK)pularly called the Napoleon of the stumj). He was a man of unblemished morals, genial and 6a JAMBS K. POLK. courter^s in his bearing, and with that sympathetic nature in the jo) s and griefs of others which ever gave him troops of friends. In 1823, Mr. Polk was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. Here he gave his strong influence towards the election of his friend, iMr. Jackson, to the Presidency of the United States. In (anuary, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Sarah Childress, of Rutherford Co., Tenn. His bride was altogether worthy of him, — a lady of beauty and cul- ture. In the fall of 1825, Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress. Tlie satisfaction which he gave to his constituents may be inferred from the fact, that for fourteen successive years, until 1839, he was con- tinuec" in that oflSce. He then voluntarily withdrew, only that he might accept the Gubernatorial chair of Tennessee. In Congress he was a laborious member, a frequent and a popular speaker. He was always in his seat, always courteous ; and whenever he spoke it was always to the jxiint, and without any ambitious rhetorical display. During five sessions of Congress, Mr. Polk was Speaker of the House. Strong passions were roused, and stormy scenes w-ere witnessed ; but Mr. Polk per- formed his arduous duties to a very general satisfac- tion, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was |)assed by the House as he withdrew on the 4th of March, 1839. In accordance with Southern usage, Mr. Polk, as a candidate for Governor, canvassed the State. He was elected by a large majority, and on the 14th of Octo- ber, 1839, took the oath of office at Nashville. In 1841, his term of office expired, and he was again the can- didate of the Democratic party, but was defeated. On the 4th of March, 1845, Mr. Polk was inaugur- ated President of the United States. The verdict of the country in favor of the annexation of Texas, exerted its influence upon Congress ; and the last act of the administration of President Tyler was to affix his sig- nature to a joint resolution of Congress, passed on the 3d of March, approving of the annexation of Texas to the American Union. As Mexico still claimed Texas as one of her provinces, the Mexican minister, Almonte, immediately demanded his passjxjrts and Ueft the country, declaring the act of the annexation to be an act hostile to Mexico. In his first message. President Polk urged that Texas should immediately, by act of Congress, be re- ceived into the Union on the same footing with the other States. In the meantime, Gen. Taylor was sent with an army into Texas to hold the country. He was sent first to Nueces, which the Mexicans said was the western boundary of Texas. Then he was sent nearly two hundred miles further west, to the Rio Grande, where he erected batteries which commanded the Mexican city of Matamoras, which was situated on the western banks. The anticipated collision soon took place, and wai was declared against Mexico by President Polk. The war was pushed forward by Mr. Polk's administration with great vigor. Gen. Taylor, whose army was first called one of "observation," then of "occupation,' then of " invasion, "was sent forward to Monterey. The feeble Mexicans, in every encounter, were hopelessly ana awfully slaughtered. The day of judgement alone can reveal the misery which this war caused. It v/as by the ingenuity of Mr. Polk's administration that the war was brought on. 'To the victors belong the spoils." Mexico was prostrate before us. Her capital was in our hands. We now consented to peace upon the condition that Mexico should surrender to us, in addition to Texas, all of New Mexico, and all of Upper and Lower Cal- ifornia. This new demand embraced, exclusive of Texas, eight hundred thousand square miles. This was an extent of territory equal to nine States of the size of New York. Thus slavery was securing eighteen majestic States to be added to the Union. There were some Americans who thought it all right : there were others who thought it all wrong. In the prosecution of this war, we expended twenty thousand lives and more than a hundred million of dollars. Of this money fifteen millions were paid to Mexico. On the 3d of March, 1849, Mr. Polk retired from office, having served one term. Tlie next day was Sunday. On the 5th, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated as his successor. Mr. Polk rode to the Capitol in tlic same carriage with Gen. Taylor; and the same even- ing, with Mrs. Polk, he commenced his return to Tennessee. He wjs then but fifty-four years of age. He had ever been strictly temperate in all his habits, and his health was good. With an am])le fortune, a choice library, a cultivated mind, and domestic ties of the dearest nature, it seemed as though long years of tranquility and happiness were before him. But the cholera — that fearful scourge — was then sweejjing up the \'alley of the Mississippi. This he contracted, and died on the 15th of June, 1849, in the fifty-fourth year of his age, greatly mourned by his countrymen. J /'y yr^-y t-ry" TWELFTH PRESIDENT. 63 /ACMAIO TAVI.01(. i;^;^::^ ^ -■■-.- -■■• .'-.■■ .' . •. ■-, --.-- •- ■ -.' ~ --v. - '^i i'^ ACHARY TAYLOR, iwelfih ^®) President of the United States, was born on the 24th of Nov., 1784, in Orange Co., Va. His father. Colonel Taylor, was ''f i^'^ a \'iri;inian of note, and a dis- tinguished patriot and soldier of the Revolution. When Zachary was an infant, his father with his wife and two children, emigrated to Kentucky, where he settled in the pathless wilderness, a few miles from Louisville, la this front- ?W ier home, away from civilization and I all its refinements, yaung Zachary could enjoy but few social and educational advan- tages. When six years of age he attended a common school, and was then regarded as a bright, active boy, rather remarkable for bluntness and decision of char- icter He was strong, fearless and self-reliant, and manifested a strong desire to enter the army to fight the Indians who were ravaging the frontiers. There is little to be recorded of the uneventful years of his childhood on his father's large but lonely plantation. In 1808, his father succeeded in obtaining for him the commission of lieutenant in the United States army ; and he joined the trooi)S whicli were stationed at New Orleans under Gen. Wilkinson. Soon after this he married Miss Margaret Smith, a young lady from one of the first families of Maryland. Immediately after the declaration of war with Eng- land, in r8i2, Capt. Taylor (for he had then been promoted to that rank) was put in command of Fort Harrison, on the Wabash, about fifty miles above Vincennes. This fort had been built in the wilder- ness by Gen. Harrison, on his march to Tipi)ecanoe. It was one of the first points of attack by the Indians, led by Tecurnseh. Its garrison consisted of a broken company of infantry numbering fifty men, many of whom were sick. Early in the autumn of 1812, the Indians, stealthily, and in large numbers, moved ujjon the fort. Their approach was first indicated by the murder of two soldiers just outside of the stockade. Capt. Taylor made every possible preparation to meet the antici- pated assault. On the 4th of September, a band of forty painted and plumed savages came to the fort, waving a white flag, and informed Capt. Taylor that in the morning their chief would come to have a talk with him. It was evident that their object was merely to ascertain the state of things at the fort, and Capt. Taylor, well versed in the wiles of the savages, kept them at a distance. The sun went down; the savages disappeared, the garrison slept upon their arms. One hour before midnight the war whooi) burst from a thousand lips in the forest around, followed by the discharge of musketry, and the rush of the foe. Every man, sick and well, sprang to his post. Every man knew that defeat was not merely death, but in the case of cap- ture, death by the most agonizing and prolonged tor- ture. No pen can describe, no immagination can conceive the scenes which ensued. The savages suc- ceeded in setting fire to one of the block-houses- Until six o'clock in the morning, this awful conflict continued. The savages tlien, baffled at every jwint, and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this gallant defence, was promoted to the rank of major by brevet. Until the close of the war, MajorTaylor was placed in such situations that he saw but little more of active service. He was sent far away into the depthsof the wilderness, to Fort Crawford, on Fox River, which cm|)ties into Green Hay. Here there was but little to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no books, no society, no in- 64 ZACHARY rAYLOR tellectual stimulus. Thus with him the uneventful years rolled on Gradually he rose to the rank of colonel. In the Black Hawk war, which resulted in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col Taylor took a subordinate but a brave and efficient part. For twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defence of the frontiers, in scenes so remote, and ni Employments so obscure, that his name was unknown 'beyond tlie limits of his own immediate acquaintance. ,In the year i8_}6, he was sent to Florida to comjiel the Seminole Indians to vacate that region and re- tire beyond the Mississippi, as their chiefs by treaty, iiac'' promised they should do. The services rendered heic secured for Col. Taylor the high appreciation of ihe Government; and as a reward, he was elevated (c .he rank of brigadier-general by brevet ; and soon after, in May, 1838, was appointed to the chief com- inand of the United States troops in Florida. After two years of sucli wearisome employment iimidst the everglades of the peninsula, Gen. 'Faylor obtained, at his own request, a change of command, ind was stationed over the Department of the South- west. This field embraced Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters yl Fort Jessup, in Louisiana, he removed his family fo a plantation which he purchased, near Baton Rogue. FIcre he remained for five years, buried, as it were, fuvm the world, but faithfully discharging every duty •jnvposed upon him. In 1846, Gen. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river t)eing the boundary of Texas, which was then claimed "by the United States. Soon the war with Mexico wc; brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the ^f^,■.xicans. The rank of major-general by brevet ■Aas then conferred upon Gen. Taylor, and his name was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in the Nation. Then came the battles of Monterey and Euena Vista in which he won signal victories over It jces much larger than he commanded. His careless habits of dress and his unaffected ■^iinplicity, secured for Gen. Taylor among his troops, '-X & sobriquet of "Old Rough and Ready.' The tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista rpread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. The niime of Gen. Taylor was on every one's li[)s. The H hig party decided to take advantage of this wonder- fu/ popularity in bringing forward the unpolished, un- ■ •^red, honest soldier as their candidate for the I'lesidency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the an- nt uncement, and for a time would not listen to it; de- claring that he was not at all (lualified for such an oft ice. So little interest had he taken in ])olitics that, foi forty years, he had not cast a vote. It was not wnhout chagrin that several distinguished statesmen wiio had been long years in the public service found '■i.-iX! claims set aside in behalf of one wliose name had never been heard of, save in connection with Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste re- marked, " It is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an eloquent speaker nor a fine writer His friends took possession of him, and pre- pared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The popularity of the successful warrior swept the land. He was tri- umphantly elected over two opposing candidates, — Gen. Cass and Ex-President Martin Van Buren. Though he selected an excellent cabinet, the good old man found himself in a very uncongenial position, and was, at times, sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental sufferings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten iiis death. The pro-slavery party was pushing its claims with tireless energy , expedi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba ; •California was pleading for admission to the Union, while slavery stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political conflicts in Washington to be far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians In the midst of all these troubles, Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died on the 9th of July, 1850. His last words were, "I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeavored to do my duty." He died universally respected and beloved. An honest, un- pretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affections of the people; and the Nation bitterly la- mented his death. Gen. Scott, who was thoroughly acquainted with Gen. Taylor, gave the following graphic and truthful description of his character:- — " With a good store of common sense, Gen. Taylor's mind had not been en- larged and refreshed by reading, or much converse with the world. Rigidity of ideas was the conse- quence. The frontiers and small military posts had been his home. Hence he was quite ignorant for his rank, and quite bigoted in his ignorance. His sim- plicity was child-like, and with innumerable preju- dices, amusing and incorrigible, well suited to the tender age. Thus, if a man, however respectable, chanced to wear a coat of an unusual color, or his hat a little on one side of his head; or an officer to leave a corner of his handkerchief dangling from an out- side pocket,— in any such case, this critic held the offender to be a coxcomb (perhaps something worse), whom he would not, to use his oft repeated phrase, ' touch with a pair of tongs.' "Any allusion to literature beyond good old Dil- worth's spelling-book, on the part of one wearing a sword, was evidence, with the same judge, of utter unfitness for heavy marchings and combats. Inshor* few men have ever had a more comforta:Ae, 'a>>nT. saving contempt for learning of every kind.'^ ^^t-c r/ \<-cnj) THIRTEENTH PRESIDENT. 6r -6H- I ^'MlLLflRn FlLLMflRE.^^ I < ILLARD FILLMORE, thi.-- ';>) teenth President of the United •'"^ States, was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y ., on the 7th of January, 1800. His "^ father was a farmer, and ow- ing to misfortune, in humble cir- cumstances. Of his mother, tlic daughter of Dr. Abiathar Millard, of Pittsfield, Mass., it has been said that she [wssessed an intellect of very high order, united with much personal loveliness, sweetness of dis- lx)sit;on, graceful manners and ex- quisite sensibilities. She died in 1831 ; having lived to see her son a young man of distinguished [)rom- ibe, though she was not permitted to witness the high dignity which he finally attained. In consecjuence of the secluded home arid limited ineans of his father, Millard enjoyed but slender ad- vantages for education in his early years. The com- mon schools, which he occasionally attended were very imperfect nistitutions; and books were scarce snd expensive. Tiiere was nothing then in his char- acter to indicate the brilliant career u\xin which he was about to enter. He was a plain farmer's boy ; intelligent, good-looking, kind-hearted. The sacred influences of home had taught him to revere the Bible, and had laid the foundations of an upright character. When fourteen years of age, l.is father sent him some hundred miles from home, to the then wilds of Livingston County, to learn the trade of a clothier. Neai the mill there was a small villiage, where some enterprising man had commenced the collection of a village library. This proved an inestimable blessing to young Fillmore. His evenings were spent in read- ing. Soon every leisure moment was occupied with books. His thirst fur knowledge became insatiate and the selections which he made were continually more elevating and instructive. He read histor)', biography, oratory, and thus gradually there was en- kindled in his heart a desire to be something more than a mere worker with his hands; and he was be- coming, almost unknown to himself, a well-informed, educated man. Tlie young clotiiicr had now attained the age of nineteen years, and was of line personal appearance and cf gentlemanly demeanor. It so happened tha^ there was a gentleman in the neighborhood of ample jjccuniary means and of benevolence, — Judge Walter Wood, — who was struck with the prej^ssessing ap- pearance of young Fillmore. He made his acquaint- ance, and was so much impressed with his ability and attainments that he advised him to abandon his trade and devote himself to the study of the law. The young man replied, that he had no means of his own. no friends to help him and that his previous educa- tion had been very imperfect. But Judge Wood had so much confidence in him that he kindly offered to take him into his own office, and to loan him such money as he needed. Most gratefully the generous offer was accepted. There is in many minds a strange delusion aboutf a collegiate education. A young man is supposed to be liberally educated if he has graduated at some col- lege. But many a boy loiters through university lu-.'.' ■ Hnd then enters a law office, who is by no means »s la MILLARD PILLMORB. well prepared to prosecute his legal studies as was Millard Fillmore when he graduated at the clothing- mill at the end of four years of manual labor, during which every leisure moment had been devoted to in- tense mental culture. In 1823, when twenty-three years of age, he v/as admitted to the Court of Common Pleas. He then went to the village of Aurora, and commenced the practice of law. In this secluded, peaceful region, his practice of course was limited, and there was no opportunity for a sudden rise in fortune or hi fame. Here, in the year 1826, he married a lady of great moral worth, and one capable of adorning any station she might be called to fill, — Miss Abigail Powers. His elevation of character, his untiring industry, his legal acquirements, and his skill as an advocate, gradually attracted attention ; and he was invited to enter into partnership under highly advantageous circumstances, with an elder member of the bar in Buffalo. Just before removing to Buffalo, in 1829, he took his seat in the House of Assembly, of the State of New York, as a representative from Erie County. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics, his vote and his sympathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, and he found himself in a helpless minority in the Legislature , still the testimony comes from all parlies, that his courtesy, ability and integrity, won, to a very unusual degree the respect of his associates. In the autumn of 1832, he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. He entered that troubled arena in some of the most tumultuous hours of our national history. The great conflict respecting the national bank and the removal of tlie deposits, was then raging. His term of two years closed ; and he returned to his profession, whicli he pur-iucd witji increasing rep- utation and success. After a lapse of two years he again became a candidate for Congress ; was re- elected, and took his seat in 1837. His past expe- rience as a representative gave hmi stiength and confidence. The first term of service in Congress to any man can be but little more than an introduction. He was now prepared for active duty. All his ener- gies were broughl to bear uixin the public good. Every measure received his impress. Mr. Fillmore was now a man of wide repute, and his popularity filled the State, and in tlie year 1847, he was elected Comptroller of the State. Mr. Fillmore had attained the age of forty-seven years. His labors at the bar, in the Legislature, in Congress and as Comptroller, had given him very con- siderable fame. The Whigs were casting about to find suitable candidates for President and Vice-Presi- dent at the approaching election. Far away, on the waters of the Rio Grande, there was a rough old soldier, who had fought one or two successful battles with the Mexicans, which had caused his name to be proclaimed in tiumpet-tones all over the land. But it was necessary to associate with him on the same ticket some man of reputation as a statesman. Under the influence of these considerations, tlie namesofZachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying-cry of the Whigs, as their candidates for President and Vice-Peesident. The Whig ticket was signally triumphant. On the 4th of March, 1849, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated President, and Millard Fillmore Vice-President, of the United States. On the 9th of July, 1850, President Taylor, but about one year and four months after his inaugura tion, was suddenly taken sick and died. By the Con- stitution, Vice-President Fillmore thus became Presi- dent. He appointed a very able cabinet, of which the illustrious Daniel Webster was Secretary of State. Mr. Fillmore had very serious difficulties to contend with, since the op[X)sition had a majority in both Houses. He did everything in his power to com iliate the South; but the pro-slavery party in the Soutli felt the inadequacy of all measuresof transient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly in- creasing over that of the slave States that it was in- evitable that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. Tlie famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmcre's adminstration, and the Japan Expeditioii was sent out. On the 4th of March, 1853, Mr Fill- more, having served one term, retired. In 1856, Mr. Fillmore was nominated for the Pres- idency by the " Know Nothing " party, but was beaten by Mr. Buchanan. After that Mr. Fillmore lived in retirement. During the terrible conflict of civil war, he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed iha* liis sympathies were rather with those who were en- deavoring to overthrow our institutions. President Fillmore kept aloof from the conflict, without any cordial words of cheer to the one party or the other. He was tluis forgotten by both. He lived to a ripe old age, and died in Buffalo. N. Y., March 8, 1874. F-OURTEENTIt PRESIDENT. ^^i':^ ""SPS RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth President of the ^' United States, was born in Hillsborougli, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who, with his own strong arm, hewed out a home in the wilderness. He was a man of inflexible integrity; of strong, though uncultivated mind, and an uncompromis- ing Democrat. The mother of Franklin Pierce was all that a son could desire, — an intelligent, pru- dent, affectionate, Christian wom- an. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. Franklin was a very bright and handsome boy, gen- erous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neighbors looked upon him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman; always speakingkind words, doing kind deeds, with a peculiar unstudied tact which taught him what was agreeable. Without de- veloi)ing any precocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to bjoks, he was a good scholar; in body, in mind, in affections, a finely-developed boy. When sixteen years of age, in the year 1820, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me He was one of the most ))opular young men in the college. 1 he purity cf his moral character, the unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, .and genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite. There was something very peculiarly winning in his address, and it was evidently not in the slightest de- gree studied : it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Uiwii gradiiating,Sn the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguislied lawyers of the State, and a man of great private worth. Th^^ eminent social qualities of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a public man, and the brilliant political career into which Judge Woodbury was en-- tering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the faci- nating yet perilous path of political life. With all the ardor of his nature he esixjused the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presidency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. Here he served for four years. The last two years he was chosen speaker of tlie house by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected a member of Congress. Witliout taking an active part in debates, he was faithful and laborious in duty and ever rising in the estimation of those with whom he was associatad. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years of age, he was elected to the Senate of the United States; taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the youngest memlierin the Senate. In the year 1S34, lie married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady of rare beauty and accom- plishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honoied. Of the 7* bRANKLIN PIERCE. three sons who were born to them, all now sleep with their parents in the grave. In the year 1838, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. President Polk, upon his accession to office, appointed Mr. Pierce attorney-general of the United States; but the offer was declined, in consequence of numerous professional engagements at home, and the precariuos state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time declined the nomination for governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce in the army. Receiving the appointment of brigadier-general, he embarked, with a portion of his troops, at Newport, R. I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an important part in this war, proving him- self a brave and true soldier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his native State, he was received enthusiastically by the advo- cates of the Mexican war, and coldly by his oppo- nents. He resumed the practice of his profession, very frequently taking an active part in political ques- tions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval ; and he Strenuously advocated the enforcement of the infa- inous fugitive-slave law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became distin- guished as a "Northern man with Southern principles.'' The strong partisans of slavery in the .South conse- quently regarded him as a man whom they could safely trust in office to carry out their plans. On the 1 2th of June, 1852, the Democratic conven- tion met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eiglity-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Mas- sachusetts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him Gen. Franklin Pieice was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy be tween slavery and freedom was then approaching itB culminating point. It became evident that there was an "irrepressible conflict" between them, and that this Nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his ad- ministration, did every thing he could to conciliate the South ; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the dissolution of the Union were borne to the North on every South- ern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when President Pierce approached the close of his four-years' term of office. The North had become thoroughlj ;ilien- ated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectual ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep reprehension of his ad- ministrative acts. The slaveholders of the South, also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advo- cated those measures of Government which they ap- proved, and perhaps, also, feeling that he had rendered himself so unpopular as no longer to be able acceptably to serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4th of March, 1857, President Pierce re- tired to his home in Concord. Of three children, t«o had died, and his only surviving child had been killed before his eyes by a railroad accident , and his wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world, without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth, which di- vided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the principles which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to that pro-slavery party witli which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Gov- ernment. He continued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social of men, an honored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Gen-- erous to a fault, he contributed libeially for tiie al- leviation of suffering and want, and many of his towns- people were often gladened by his material bounty. Yi ///^ J < y^^r /i^rr // <^/ ^^>:Si'l^^S.^t^S'^^S■'^^^..^^'^i'^^^J^'^:.n^•..'■^•. ':':'■• ■■ ■••■'. "'I'^t^'^'^'^'^'^'^'^'g^tg^i -^«« K- -^m^ AMES BUCHANAN, the fif- teenth President of the United States, was born in a small frontier town, at the foot of the -T5i^' eastern ridge of the Allegha- X 1 5^ ,= . / nies, in Franklin Co., Penn., on c- 3 the 23d of April, 1791. The place j where the humble cabin of his 1 ',' , ' ' I father stuod was called Ston\- ^'hkSi^^ Batter. It was a wild and ro- mantic sjxjt in a gorge of the moun- tains, with towering summits rising grandly all around. His father was a native of the north of Ireland ; a jXHDr man, who had emigrated in 1783, with little property save his Five years afterwards he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, jjlunged into the wilder- ness, staked his claim, reared his log-hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to per- form his obscure part in the drama of life. In this se- cluded home, where James was born, he remained for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. Wlien James was eight years of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where his son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, Latin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen, he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Here he de- veloped remarkalile talent, and took his stand among the first scholars in the institution. His application to study was intense, and yet his nati-'e (X)wers en- own strong arms. abled him to master the most abstruse subjects wi "- facility. In tlie year 1809, he graduated with the highest honors of his clas-.. He was then eighteen years o( age; tall and graceful, vigorous in health, fond of athletic sport, an unerring shot, and enlivened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in tiie city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812, when he was but twenty-one years of age. Very rajiidly he rose in his profession, and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest lawyers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate ore of tht judges of the State, who was tried ui)on articles i.i impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar; an(: there was no lawyer in the State who had a more hi- crative practice. In 1820, he reluctantly consented tu run as i candidate for Congress. He was elected, and fo' ten years he remained a member of tlie Lower House Huringthe vacations of Congress, he occasionally tried some imix)rtant case. In 1831, he retired altogether from the toils of his iirofession, having ac- quired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, upon his elevation to liie Presidency apjxjinted Mr. Buchanan minister to Russia. Tht duties of his mission he performed with ability, whicl gave satisfaction to all parties. Ujion his return, ii 1833, he was elected to a seat in the United States Senate. He there met, as his associates, Uel-stci. Clay, Wright and Calhoun. He advocated tl-.e mea^• ures ])ro[X)sedby President Jackson, of w iklng repn- 76 JAMES BUCHANAN. sals against France, to enforce the payment of our claims against that country; and defended tlie course of the President in his unprecedented and wholesale removal from office of those who were not the supportei's of his administration. Upon tills question he was brougiit into direct collision with Ilenry C'la\-. He also, with voice and vote, ad- vocated expunging from the journal of the Senate tlie vote of censure against Gen. .Jackson for remov- ing the deposits. Earnestly he oi^posed the aboli- tion of slavery in the District of Columbia, and urged the prohibition of the circulation of anti- slavery documents by the United States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he ad- vocated that the}' should be respectfully received; and that the reply should be returned, that Con- gress had no power to legislate upon the subject. "Congress," said he, ''might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a foreign government as in an}' of the States where it now exists." Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such, took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexican War. Mr. Polk assumed that cross- ing the Nueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mex- icans to cross the Rio Grande into that territory was a declaration of war. No candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Gov- ernment pursued in that movement. Mr. Buchanan identified liimself thoroughly with the party devoted to the pcrpeluation and extension of slavery, and brought all the energies of his mind to bear against the Wilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to the compromise measures of 18.30, which included the fugitive slave law. Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, hon- ored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to P>ngland. In the year 18.56, a national Democratic conven- tion nominated Mr. Buitlianan for the Presidency. The political conllict was one of the most severe in which our country has ever engaged. All the friends of slavery were on one side; all the advo- cates of its restriction and final alxilition on liie other. INIr. Fremont, tlie candidate of the enemies of slavery, received 114 electoral votes. Mr. Bu- chanan received 174, and was elected. The popular vote stood 1.340.618 for Frennmt, l,2-24,7;jO for Buchanan. On Maieh I, IS")", Mr. Buchanan w:us inaugurated. Mr. Buiiianan was fai advain-eil in life. t)nly four years weie wanting to till up his three-score years and ten. His own friends, those with wiioin he had been allied in political principles and action for years, were seeking the destruction of the Gov- ernment, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose corner-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, Mr. Bu- chanan was hopelessly bewildered. He could not, with his long-avowed principles, consistently o\y- |)Ose the State-rights part}' in their assumption.s. As President of the United States, bound by his oath faithfully to administer the laws, he could not, without perjury of the grossest kind, unite with those endeavoring to overthrow the Republic. He therefore did nothing. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan's administration nominated Abraham Lincoln as their standard- bearer in the next Presidential canvass. The pro- slavery party declared that if he were elected and the control of the Government were thus taken from their hands they would secede from the Union, tak- ing with them as they retired the Kational Capi- tol at W.ashington and the lion's share of the ter- ritory of the United States. As the storm increased in violence, the slave- holders, claiming the right to secede, and Mr. Bu- chanan avowing that Congress had no power to prevent it, one of the most pitiable exhibitions of governmental imbecility was exhibited the world has ever seen. He declared that Congress had no power to enforce its laws in any State which had withdrawn, or which w.as attempting to withdraw, from the Union. This was not the doctrine of An- drew Jackson, when, with his band upon his sword- hilt, he exclaimed. "The Union must and shall be preserved ! ' ' South Carolina seceded in December, I860, nearly three months before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Mr. Buchanan looked on in listless de- spair. The rebel flag was raised in Charleston; Ft. Sumter was besieged; our forts, navy-yards and arsenals were seized; our depots of military stores were plundered; and our custom-houses and post- offices were approitriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels and the imbecility of ■ our Executive were alike marvelous. The nation looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide away and close the administration, so ter- rible in its weakness. At length the long-looked- for hour of deliverance came, when Abraham Lin- coln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends cannot recall it with pleasure. And still more deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conflict which rolled its billows of flame and blood over our whole land, no word came from his lii)S to indicate his wish that our country's banner should triumph over the flag of the Rebellion. He died at his Wheatland re- treat, June 1, 1868. 4 d, %/^-.- yC, C^ I C-^^-y^^ Q^ BRAHAM LINCOLN, the ^, sixteentli President of the J^^Uiiited States, was born in y Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 12, '' 1S09. About the year 1 7 So, a i^ man liy the name of Abraham ^ Liiicobi left Virginia with his family and moved into the then wiidsof Kentucky. Only two years after this emigration, still a young man, while woriting one day in a field, was stealtliily a|)[)ro::ched by an Indian and shot deail. His widow was left in extreme poverty with five little children, three boys and two girls. Thomas, tlie youngest of tlie boys, was four years of age at his father's death. This Tiiomas was the father of Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States whose name must henceforth foi-ever be enrolled with the most prominent in tiie annals of our world. Of course no record has been kept of the life of one so lowly as Thomas Lincoln. He was among the poorest of the poor. His iiome was a wretched log-cabin ; his food the coarsest and the meanest. Education he had none; he could never either read or write. As soon as he was able to do anything for himself, he was compelled to leave the cabin of his starving mother, and [)ush out into the world, a friend- .ess, wandering boy, seeking work. He hired him- self out, and thus spent the whole of his youth as a ?iborer in the fields of others. When twenty-eight years of age he biiill a log- (al)in of his own, and married Nancy Hanks, the daughter of .mother family of poor Kentucky emi- grants, who had also come from Virginia. Their second child was .Abraham Lincoln, the subject of this sketch. The mother of Abraham was a noble woman, gentle, loving, pensive, created to adorn a palace, doomed to toil and pine, and die in a hovel. '■ All 'hat I am, or hope to be," exclaims the graie^ ful son " I owe to my angel-mother. " When he was eight years of age, his father sold his cabin and small farm, and moved to Indiana Whcii; two years later his mother died. Abraham soon became the scribe of the uneducated community around liim. He could not have had a better school than this to teach him to put liioughts into words. He also became an eager reader. The books he could obtain were few; but these he ead and re-read until they were almost commiltc I tc memory. As the years rolled on, the lot of this lowly fair.ilj was the usual lot of humanity. There were joys and griefs, weddings and funerals. Abraham's sisl< i Sarah, to whom he was tenderly attached, was mai ried when a child of but fourteen years of age, and soon died. The family was gradually scattered. M"- Thomas Lincoln sold out his squatter's claim ''n 1830 and emigrated to Macon Co., 111. Abraham Lincoln was then twenty-one years of age; With vigorous hands he aided his father in vuing another log-cabin. Abraham worked diligently at this until he saw the family comfortably settled, and theii small lot of enclosed prairie planted with corn, when he announced to his father his intention to leave horne, and to go out into the world and seek his for- tune. Little did he or his friends imagine how bril- liant that fortune was to be. He saw the value of education and was intensely earnest to improve ftis mind to the utmost of his power He saw the luin which aident spirits were causing, and I e< ame strictly tem|)erate; refusing to allow a drop of ii loxi- cating liquor to pass his lips. And he had read in (lod's word, "Thou shalt not take the name ol thj; Lord thy Clod in ' .1..;" and a profane expression ht was never heard to utter. Religion he revered. His morals were pure, and he was uncontaminated by a single vice. Young Al)raham woiked for a time as a hired lalwre among the farmers. 'I'hen he went to Springfield where he was employed in building a large flat boat In this he took a herd of swine, floated them dowi the Sangamon to the Illinois, and thence by the Mis sissi])pi to New Oileans. \\'hali,-ver Abraham I.ii^ coin undertook, he performeil so faithfully as to givv great satisfaction to his employers. In this adven So ABRAHAM LINCOLN. ture his employers were so well pleased, that upon his return they placed a store and mill under liis care. In 1832, at the outbreak of the Black Hawk war, he enlisted and was chosen captain of a company. He returned to Sangamon County, and although only 23 years of age, was a candidate for the Legislature, but was defeated. He soon after received from Andrew Jackson ilie appointment of Postmaster of New Salem, His only post-office was his hat. All the letters he received he carried there ready to deliver to those he chanced to meet. He studied surveying, and soon made this his business. In 1834 he again became a candidate for the Legislature, and was elected Mr. Stuart, of Springfield, advised him to study law. He walked from New Salem to Springfield, borrowed of Mr. Stuart a load of books, carried them back and began his legal studies. When the Legislature as- sembled he trudged on foot with his pack on his back one hundred miles to Vandalia, then the capital. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Legislature. Here it was he first met Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 he re- moved to Springfield and began the practice of law. His success with the jury was so great that he was coon engaged in almost every noted case in the circuit. In 1S54 the great discussion began between Mr. Lincoln and Mr, Douglas, on the slavery question. In the organization of the Republican party in Illinois, in 1856, he took an active part, and at once became one of the leaders in that party. Mr. Lincoln's speeches in opposition to Senator Douglas in the con- test in 1858 for a seat in the Senate, form a most notable part of his history. The issue was on the slavery (question, and he took the broad ground of ;he Declaration of Independence, that all men are created equal. Mr. Lincoln was defeated in this con- test, but won a far higher prize. The great Republican Convention met at Chicago on the i6th of June, i860. The delegates and strangers who crowded the city amounted to twenty- five thousand. .4n immense building called "The Wigwam," was reared to accommodate the Conven- tion. There were eleven candidates for whom votes were thrown. William H. Seward, a man whose fame as a statesman had long filled the land, was the most orominent. It was generally supposed he would be the nominee. Abraham Lincoln, however, received the nomination on the third ballot. Little did he then dream of the weary years of toil and care, and the bloody death, to which that nomination doomed him: j.nd aslittledid he dream that he was to render services to his country, which would fix upon him the eyes of the whole civilized world, and which would give him a place in the affections of his countrymen, second cnly, if second, to that of \V'ashington. Election day came and -Mr. Lincoln received 180 electoral votes out of 203 cast, and was, therefore, constitutionally elected President of the United States. The tirade of abuse that was [wured upon this good and merciful man, especially by the slaveholders, was greater than uiwn any other man ever elected to this high position. In February, 1S61, Mr. Lincoln started for Washington, stopjiing in all tlie large cities on iiis way making speeches. The whole journey was froughl with much danger. Many of the Southern States had already seceded, and several attempts at assassination were afterwards brought to light. A gang in Balti- more had arranged, ujwn his arrival to" get up a row," and in the confusion to make sure of his death with revolvers and hand-grenades. A detective unravelled the plot. A secret and special train was p-ovidcd tu take him from HarrisL-urg, through Baltimcre, at an une.\pected hour of the night. The train s'vrted at half-past ten ; and to prevent any possible communi- cation on the part ot the Secessionists with their Con- federate gang in Baltimore, as soon as the train hac. started the telegraph-wires were cut. Mr. Lincoln reached Washington in safety and was inaugurated, although great anxiety was felt by all loyal people In the selection of his cabinet Mr. Lincoln gave to Mr Seward the Department of State, and to other prominent opjionents before the convention he gave important [wsitions. During no otlier administration \\ji\t the duties devolving upon the President been so manifold, and the responsibilities so great, as those which fell to the lot of President Lincoln. Knowing this, and feeling his own weakness and inability to meet, and in his own strength to cope with, the difficulties, lie learned early to seek Divine wisdom and guidance in determining his plans, and Divine comfort in all his trials, bo'h personal and national Contrary to his own estimate of himself, Mr. Lincoln was one of the most courageous of men. He went directly into the rebel capital just as the retreating foe was leaving, with no guard but a few sailors. From the time he had left Springfield, in 1861, however, plans had been made for his assassination, and he at last fell a victim to oneof tliem. April 14, 1865, he, with Gen. Grant, was urgently invited to attend Fords' Theater. It was announced that they would be present. Gen. Grant, however, left the city. President Lincoln, feel- ing, wiiii his cliaracteristic kindliness of heart, that it would be a disappointment if he should fail them, very reluctantly consented to go. While listening to the play an actor by the name of John Wilkes Booth entered tlie box where the President and family were seated, and fired a bullet into his brains. He died the next morning at seven o'clock. Never before, in the history of the world was a nation plunged into such deep grief by the death of its ruler. Strong men met in the streets and wei)t in speechless anguish. It is not too much to say that a nation was in tears. His was a life which will filly become a model. His name as tlie savior of his country w:?! live with that of Washington's, its father; hiscf^':ntry- iTicr. being unable to decide which is tUe areater. C- '^^'-^ui-^c^- ':^^'^:J^oh^ SEVENTEENTH PREHIDENT. SJ ^i -4^^^^iMW! .'Vl^f I) }.^. W, VY >TT1 NDREW JOHNSON, seven- teenth President of the United Slates. The early life of Andrew Johnson contains but the record of poverty, destitu- tion and friendlessness. He was born December 29, i8oS, in Raleigh, N. C. His parents, belonging to the class of the "poor whites " of the South, i^cre in such circumstances, that lliey could not c;nf;r :.;t\\ the slight- est advantages of education upon their child. When Andrew was five years of age, his father accidentally lost nis life while herorically endeavoring to save a friend from drowning, ''niil ter» ye^rs of age, .\ndrew was a ragged boy abouf the streets, supixarted by the labor of his mother, who obtained her living with her own hands. He then, having never attended a school one day, and being unable either to read or write, was ap- prenticed to a tailor in his native town. A gentleman was in the habit of going to the tailor's shop occasion- ally, and reading to the boys at work there. He often read from the speeches of distinguished British states- men. Andrew, who was endowed with a mind of more than ordinary native ability, became much interested in these sjieeches ; his ambition was roused, and he was inspired with a strong desire to learn to read. He accordingly applied himself to tlie alphabet, and with the assistance of some of his fellow-workmen, /earned his letters. He then called upon the gentle- man to borrow the book of speeches. The owner. pleased with his zeal, not only gave him the bootc but assisted him in learning to combine the letters into words. Under such difficulties he pressed 01- ward laboriously, spending usually ten or twelve houi-s at work in the sho]j, and then robbing himself of rest and recreatio;- to devote such time as he could to reading. He went to Tennessee in 1826, and located a' Greenville, where he married a young lady who pos sessed some education. Under her instructions he learned to write and cipher. He became prominef.t in the village debating society, and a favorite with the students of Greenville College. In 1828, he or- ganized a working man's party, which elected him alderm.an, and in 1830 elected him mayor, which position he held three years. He now l^egan to take a lively interest in political affairs; identifying himself with the working-classes, to which he belonged. In 1835, he was elected a member of the House of Representarives of Tennes- see. He was then just twenty-seven years of age. He became a very active member of the legislature gave his adhesion to the Democratic party, and in 1840 "stumped the State," advocating Martin Van Buren's claims to the Presidency, in opposition tg thos^ of Gen. Harrison. In this campaign he acquired much readiness as a speaker, and extended and increased his reputation. In 1841, he was elected State Senator; in 1843, he was elected a member of Congress, and by successive elections, held that important ix)st for ten years. In 1853, he was elected Ciovernor of Tennessee, and' was re-elected in 1855. In all these resiwnsible ixjsi- tions, he discharged his duties with distinguished ab\. 84 ANDREW JOHNSON. iiy, and proved himself the warm friend of the work- ing classes. In 1857, Mr. Johnson was elected United States Senator. Years before, in 1845, he had warmly advocated the annexation of Texas, stating however, as his reason, that he thought this annexation would prob- ably prove " to be the gateway out of which the sable sons of Africa are to pass from bondage to freedom, j.nd become merged in a population congenial to themselves." In 1850, he also supported the com- [jromise measures, the two essential features of which were, that the white people of the Territories should oe permitted to decide for themselves whether they would enslave the colored people or not, and that the *"ree States of the North should return to the South persons who attempted to escape from slavery. Mr. Johnson was neverashamedof his lowly origin: on the contrary, he often took pride in avowing that he owed his distinction to his own exertions. "Sir,'" said he on the floor of the Senate, " I do not forget that I am a mechanic ; neither do I forget that Adam was a tailor and sewed fig-leaves, and that our Sav- ior was the son of a carpenter." In the Charleston- Baltimore convention of iSuj, ne .was the choice of the Tennessee Democrats for the "Presidency. In 1861, when the purpose of the South- urn Democracy became apparent, he took a decided stand in favor of the Union, and held that " slavery must be held subordinate to the Union at whatever cost." He returned to Tennessee, and repeatedly imperiled his own life to protect the Unionists of Tennesee. Tennessee having seceded from the Union, President Lincoln, on March 4th, 1862, ap- pointed him Military Governor of the State, and he established the most stringent military rule. His numerous proclamations attracted wide attention. In 1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and upon the death of Mr. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, becaine President. In a speech two days later he sa'd, " The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be cunished ; that the Government will not always beat with its enemies ; that it is strong not only to protect, but to punish. * * Tlie peojjle must understand that it (treason) is the blackest of crimes, and will surely be punished." Yet his whole administration, the histor)' of which is so well known, was in utter itKonsistency with, and the most violent opposition to. the principles laid down in tliat speech. In bis loose policy of reconstruction and general amnesty, he was opix)sed by Congress; and he char- acterized Congress as a new rebellion, and Jawlessly defied it, in everything possible, to the utmost. In the beginniiig of 1868, on account of "high crimes and misdemeanors," the principal of which was the removal of Secretary Stanton, in violation of the Ten- ure of Office Act, articles of iinpeachraent were pre- ferred against him, and the trial began March 23. It was very tedious, continuing for nearly three months. A test article of the impeachment was at length submitted to the court for its action. It was certain that as the court voted upon that article so would it vote \x\)0\\ all. Thirty-four voices pronounced the President guilty. As a two-thirds vote was neces- sary to his condemnation, he was pronounced ac- quitted, notwithstanding the great majority against him. The change of one vote from the not guilty side would have sustained the impeachment. The President, for the remainder of his term, was but little regarded. He continued, though impotently, his conflict with Congress. His own party did not think it expedient to renominate him for the Presi- dency. The Nation rallied, with enthusiasm unpar- alleled since the days of Washington, around the name of Gen. Grant. Andrew Johnson was forgotten. The bullet of the assassin introduced him to the President's chair. Notwithstanding this, never was there presented to a man a better opportunity to im- mortalize his nam_e, and to win the gratitude of a nation. He failed utterly. He retired to his home in Greenville, Tenn., taking no very active part in polirics until 1875. On Jan. 26, after an exciting struggle, he was chosen by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, United States Senator in the forty-fourth Con- gress, and took his seat in that body, at the special session convened by President Grant, on the 5th of March. On the 27th of July, 1875, the ex-President made a visit to his daughter's home, near Carter Station, Tenn. When he started on his journey, he was apparently in his usual vigorous health, jut on reach- ing the residence of his child the following day, was stricken with paralysis, rendering him unconscious. He rallied occasionally, but finally passed away at 2 A.M., July 31, aged sixty-seven years. His fun- eral was attended at Geenville, on the 3d of August, with every demonstration of respect. -/■- cY "-■^- EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENT. "m LYSSES S. GRANT, the eighteenth President of the j5 United States, was born on the 29th of April, 1822, of Christian parents, in a humble <§i^«JV:;;^^>^ home, at Point Pleasant, on the banks of the Ohio. Shortly after his father moved to George- town, Brown Co., O. In this re- mote frontier hamlet, Ulysses received a common-school edu- cation. At the age of seven- teen, in the year 1839, he entered the Milicary Academy at West Point. Here he was regarded as a solid, sensible young man of fair abilities, and of sturdy, honest character. He took respectable rank as a scholar. In June, 1843, he graduated, about the middle in his class, and was sent as lieutenant of in- fantry to one of the distant military posts in the Mis- souri Territory. Two years he past in these dreary solitudes, watching the vagabond and exasperating Indians. The war with Me.\ico came. Lieut. Grant was sent with his regiment to Corpus Christi. His first battle was at Palo Alto. There was no chance here for the exhibition of either skill or heroism, nor at Resacade la Palma, his second battle. At the battle of Monterey, his third engagement, it is said that he performed a signal service of daring and skillful horsemanship. His brigade had e.xhausted its am- munition. A messenger must be sent for more, along a route e.\[X)sed to the bullets of the foe. Lieut. Grant, adopting an expedient learned of the Ir.dians, grasped the mane of his horse, and hanging upon one side of the anir^al, ran the gauntlet in entire safety. From Monterey he was sent, with the fourth infantry, to aid Gen. Scott, at the siege of Vera Cruz. In preparation for the march to the city of Mexico, he was appointed quartermaster of his regiment. At the battle of Molino del Rey, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, and was brevetted captain at Cha- pultepec. At the close of the Mexican War, Capt. Grant re- turned with his regiment to New York, and was again sent to one of the military posts on the frontier. The discovery of gold in California causing an immense tide of emigration to flow to the Pacific shores, Capt. Grant was sent with a battalion to Fort Dallas, in Oregon, for the protection of the interests of the im- migrants. Life was wearisome in those wilds. Capt. Grant resigned his commission and returned to the States; and having married, entered upon the cultiva- tion of a small farm near St. I^uis, Mo. He had but little skill as a famier. Finding his toil not re- munerative, he turned to mercantile life, entering into the leather business, with a younger brother, at Ga- lena, 111. This was in the year i860. As the tidings of the rebels firing on Fort Sumpter reached the ears of Capt. Grant in his counting-room, he said, — "Uncle Sam has educated me for the army: though I have served him through one war, I do not fe«l that I have yet repaid the debt. I am still ready lodisKliarge my obligations. I shall therefore buckle on my tword and see Uncle Sam through this war too." He went into the streets, raised a csnipany of vol- unteers, and led them as their captain to Springfield, the capital of the State, where their services were offered to Gov. Yates. The Governor, impressed by the zeal and straightforward executive ability of Capt. > Grant, gave him a desk in his office, to assist in the. volunteer organization that was being formed in the State in behalf of the Government. On the ic*'' of 38 ULYSSES S: GRANT. June, 1 86 1, Capt. Grant received a commission as Colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers. His merits as a West Point graduate, who had served for 15 years in the regular army, were such that he was soon promoted to the rank of Brigadier- iGeneral and was placed in command at Cairo. The irebels raised their banner at Paducah, near the mouth of the Tennessee River. Scarcely had its folds ap- peared in the breeze ere Gen. Grant was there. The rebels fled. Their banner fell, and the star and stripes were unfurled in its stead. He entered the service with great determination and immediately began active duty. This was the be- ginning, and until the surrender of Lee at Richmond he was ever pushing the enemy with great vigor and effectiveness. At Belmont, a few days later, he sur- prised and routed the rebels, then at Fort Henry won another victory. Then came the brilliant fight at Fort Donelson. The nation was electrified by the victory, and the brave leader of the boys in blue was immediately made a Major-General, and the military district of Tennessee was assigned to him. Like all great captains. Gen. Grant knew well how to secure the results of victory. He immediately pushed on to the enemies' lines. Then came the terrible battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, where Gen. Pemberton made an unconditional surrender of the city with over thirty thousand men and one-hundred and seventy-two can- non. The fall of Vicksburg was by far the most severe blow which the rebels had thus far encountered, andooened up the Mississippi from Cairo to the Gulf. Gen. Grant was next ordered to co-operate with Gen. Banks in a movement upon Texas, and pro- ceeded to New Orleans, where he was thrown from his horse, and received severe injuries, from which he was laid up for months. He then rushed to the aid -af Gens. Rosecrans and Tliomas at Chattanooga, and by a wonderful series of strategic and technical meas- ures put the Union Army in fighting condition. Then followed the bloody battles at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridg(", in which the rebels were routed with great loss. This won for him un- bounded praise in the North. On the 4th of Febru- ary, 1864, Congress revived the grade of lieutenant- general, and the rank was conferred on Gen. Grant. He repaired to Washington to receive his credentials and enter upon '.'if duties of his new office Gen. Grant decided as soon as he took charge of ihe army to concentrate the widely-dispersed National troops for an attack upon Richmond, the nominal capital of the Rebellion, and endeavor there to de- stroy the rebel armies which would be promptly as- sembled from all quarters for its defence. The whole continent seemed to tremble under the tramp of these majestic armies, rushing to the decisive battle field. Steamers were crowded with troops. Railway trains were burdened H'ith closely packed thousands. His plans were comprehensive and involved a series of campaigns, which were executed with remarkable en- ergy and ability, and were consummated at the sur- render of Lee, April 9, 1865. The war was ended. The Union was saved. The almost unanimous voice of the Nation declared Gen. Grant to be the most prominent instrument in its sal- vation. The eminent services he had thus rendered the country brought him conspicuously forward as the Republican candidate for the Presidential chair. At the Republican Convention held at Chicago. May 21, 1868, he was unanimously nominated for the Presidency, and at the autumn election received a majority of the popular vote, and 214 out of 294 electoral votes. The National Convention of the Republican party which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of June, r872, placed Gen. Grant in nomination for a second term by a unanimous vote. The selection was emphati- cally indorsed by the people five months later, 292 electoral votes being cast for him. Soon after the close of his second term. Gen. Grant started upon his famous trip around the world. He visited almost every country of the civilized world, and was everywhere received with such ovations and demonstrations of respect and honor, private as well as public and official, as were never before bestowed upon any citizen of the United States. He was the most prominent candidate before the Reijublican National Convention in 1880 for a re- nomination for President. He went to New York and embarked in the brokerage business under the firm nameof Grant & Ward. The latter proved a villain, wrecked Grant's fortune, and for larceny was sent to the penitentiary. Tiie General was attacked witli cancer in the throat, but suffered in his stoic-like manner, never complaining. He was re-instated as General of the Army and retired by Congress. The cancer soon finished its deadly work, and July 23, 1885, the nation wenf in mourning over the death of " the illustrious General. 6 ' -^^ -^ o ^i^i'^y^ y'j-^J NINETEENTH PRESIDENT. 91 ^ RUTHERFORD B* HAYES. ^ UTHERFORD B. HAYES, &■) the nineteentli President of 4, ihe United States, was born in '^ Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, al- most tliree months after the death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable char- acter. It can be traced, it is said, as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chief- tains, fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates, and had a large following. Misfor- :ane cv'.-r«king the family, George Hayes left Scot- .and in i6.So, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George wai born in Windsor, and remained there during his li7e. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, mar- tied Sarah L>;e, and lived from the time of his mar- riage until his death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was horn in 1724. and was a manufac- turer of scythe;; at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel at,d grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in .\ugust, 1756. He was a farmer, blacksmith and tavern-keeper. He emigrated to Vermont at an uiiknown date, settling in Brattleboro, where he established a hotel. Here his son Ruth- erford Hayes the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 1813, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington, Vt., whose ancestors emi- grated thither from Connecticut, they having been among the wealthiest and best famlies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to 1635, to John Birchard, one of the principal founders of Norwich. Botli of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. The father of President Hayes was an industrious. frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a me- chanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocks ing, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town, and con- ducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of 181 2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio. The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day when there were no canals, steamers, not railways, was a very serious affair. A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayes deter mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malarial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore be- reavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Ver- mont, and in an orphan girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the I)Z MUTHERFORD B. HA YES. subject of this sketch was so feeble at birtli that he was not expected to Uve beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker, so that the neighbors were in the habit of in- quiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes' baby died last night." On one occasion a neighljor, who was on famihar terms with the family, after alluding to tlie hoy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of him, said in a bantering way, " That's right ! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. " S'ou vait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. The boy was seven years old before he went to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and fister as he would have done at school. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates-. These circumstances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of dispo- sition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his cliaracter. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest hn his education ; and as the boy's health had im- proved, and he was making good progress in his studies, he proposed to send him to college. His pre- paration commenced with a tutor at home; but he was afterwards sent for one year to a jjrofessor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He en- tered Kenyon College in 1838,31 the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Immediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. In 1845, after graduatmg at the Law School, he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph Y. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he re- mained three years, acquiring but a limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- Cession. \n 1849 he nioved to Cincinnati, where his ambi- tion found a new stimulus. For several years, how- ever, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a powerful influence upon his subse- quent 'ife. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the othei' was his introduction to the Cin- cinnati Literary Club, a body embracing among its members such meri as'^hief Justice Salmon fi^ Chase, Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as everybody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. The Literary CIud brought Mr. Hayes into constant association with young men of high char- acter and noble aims, and lured him to display y\\c qualities so long hidden by his bashfulneis anc! modesty. In 1856 he was nominated to the office of Judgj of the Court of Common Pleas; but he declined to a^. cept the nomination. Two years later, the office ol city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Co'incil elected him far the unexpired term. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was al tne zenith of his professional lif,. His rank at the bar was among the the first. But the news of the attack on Fort Sunipter found him eager to take lu arms for the defense of his country. His military record was bright and illustrious. In October, 1861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, he was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the battle of Soutii Mountain he received a wound, and while faint and bleeding displayed courage and fortitude that won admiration from all. Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General, "forgallant and distinguished services during the campaigns of 1864, in AV'est Virginia." In the course of his arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Ohio District, which had long been Dem- ocratic. He was not present during the campaign, and after his election was importuned to resign his commission in the army; but he finally declared, " 1 shall never come to Washington until I can come by the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1866. I;i 1867, (len Hayes was elected Governor of Ohio, over Hon. .Mien G. Thurman, a populai Democrat. In 1869 was re-eiected over George H. Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in 1S75. In 1876 he was the standard bearer of the Repub- lican Party in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was chosen President, and was in augurated Monday, March 5, 1875. He served his full term, not, h.cwever, with satisfaction to his party, but his admiimtiation was an average o.'X'; TiVENTIF.Tn PR/iSfDRNT. 05 •^^■^^Tv ii-. V -V. v^rV";,. ,* MP ^/itCTPv*;!-^ Hp~rfnr'i^„.c^fr^/;»T AMES A. CARFIEM), Iwcii- tieth President of the United Stales, was born Nov. 19, 1831, in the woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His par- ents were Abrani and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, both of New England ancestry and from fami- lies well known in the early his- tory of that section of our coun- y, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settle- ment. The house in which James A. was born was not unlike the houses of lK)or Ohio farmers of that day. It , .ID about 20x30 feet, builtof logs, witli the spaces be- A/een the logs filled with clay. His father was a lard working farmer, and he soon had his fields jleared, an orchard planted, and a log barn built. The household comprised the father and mother and ■heir four children — Mehetabel, 'I'liomas, Mary and 'ames. In May, 1823, the father, from a cold con- . .-acted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At (his time James was about eigliteen months old, and riiomas about ten years old. No one, perhaps, can iell how niucli James was indebted to his biother's (cil and self sacrifice during the twenty years suc- ceeding his father's death, but undoul)tedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sis- itrs live in Solon, O., near their birthplace. The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of ihem. He labored at farm work for others, did car- penter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would i)ring in a few dollars lo aid his widowed mother in he' struggles to keep the little family to- gether. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever ashamed of his origin, and he never forgot the friends of his strug- gling childhood, youth andmanliood, neither did they ever forget him. When in the highest seats of honor the humblest fiiend of his boyliood was as kindly greeted as ever. Tlie poorest laborer was sureof the sympathy of one who had known all the bitterness of want and the sweetness of bread earned by the sweat of tlie brow. He was ever the simple, plain, modest gentleman. The higliest ambition of young Garfield uniil hi was about sixteen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Erie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, wliich his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with the understanding, however, that lie should try to obtair some otlier kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland. This was liis first visit to the city .\fler making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and not meeting with success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos LetcJier, on the C)liio & Pennsylvania Canal. Here- mained at this wcnk but a short time when he wen home, and attended tlie seminar;- at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, of which church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his way He then became both teaciier and pupil. He soon " cxiiausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from whi:h lie graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest ho .- ors of his class. He afterwards relumed to Hiram College as its Presit'ent. As above staled, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous mem- ber, often preaching in its jiulpit and places where he happened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Yale College, says of him in reference to liis reiigiorj: d« /AMES A. GARFIELD. " President Garfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from boyhood to the last, shows that duty to man and to God, and devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more than usual degree. In my judgment there is no more interesting feature of his character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in which he was trained, and the fervent sympathy which he ever showed in their Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian communions in which they have been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and political sig- nificance they step upward from one degree to another in some of the mariy types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the church of his mother, tlie church in which he was trained, and in which he served as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet witli the largest and most unsec- larian charity for all 'who loveour Lord in sincerity.'" Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. ii, 1858, who proved herself worthyas thewifeof one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven cliildren, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl. Mr. Garfield made his first political speeches in 1S56, in Hirain and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meet- ings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in i86r was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to defend the old flag. He re- ceived his commission as Lieut. -Colonel of the Forty- second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 14, 1861. He was immediately put into active ser- vice, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantr)- and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of liis native State the officer ; Humphrey Marshall) reputed to be the ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky liad given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speed- ily accomplished, although against great odds. Pres- ident Lincoln, on his success commissioned him Brigadier-General, Jan. ro, 1862; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, Jn its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. He was tlien detailed as a member of the General Court-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gen. Rose- crans, and was assigned to the "Chief of Staff." The military b^story of Gen. Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of the Major-General. Without an effort on his part Get? Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1862 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congiess for sixty year* mainly by two men — Elisha \\ hittlesey and Joshui. R. Giddings. It was not witliout a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he en- tered Congress he was the youngest member in that body. Thert; he remained by successive re- elections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Since the year 1864 you cannot think of a question whici. has beeir debated in Congress, or discussed before & tribunel of the American people, in regard to whicfc. you will not find, if you wish mstruction, the argu« ment on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield." UixDn Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of the same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, iSSi, was inaugurated. Probably no ad- ministration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices than that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favor with the people, and by the first of July he had completed all the initiatory and pre- liminary work of his administration and was prepar- ing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in com- pany with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, and as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the buflet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but in.licting nofurthei injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the world " Never before in the history of the Nation had anything oc- curred which so nearly froze the blood of the people for the moment, as this awful deed. He was smit- ten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the country and the world the noblest of human lessons — how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpass- ingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J., on the very bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The world wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. The murderer was duly tried, found guilty and exe- cuted, in one year after he committed the foul deed. <€-U V ,) TWENTY. FIRST PRESIDENT. 99 CM ( !i;75'H W, U A. A !^'I' ! ( (I U» if Kip- ■5^^-^ V'/^ HESTER A. ARTHUR, twenty-first Presi'^.^m of the United States was born in Franklin Cour ty, Vermont, on _^ thefifthofOdobor, 18-50, aiidis tl.f/ the oldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a BaptislcJ ,rgyman, who emigrated to tb.s country from the county Ant.im, Ireland, in his i8th year, and died in 1875, in Newtonville, ncai Albany, after a long and successful ministry. Young Arthur was educated at Union College, S( hen»"ctady, where he excelled in all his studies. Af- ter his graduation he taught schoo! in Vermont for two years, and at the expiration cf that time came to New York, with $500 in his pocket, and eiitered the office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as student. After I being admitted to the bar he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a success^ ful career almost from the start. General Arthur joon afterward nQArr''d the daughter of Lieutenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea. Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occa- sion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur's nomination to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children. Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemmon suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in 1852 that Jon. athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney General of that State to assist in an appeal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O'Conor here espoused the cause of the slave-holders, but lie too was beaten by Messrs Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race. Another great service was rendered by General Arthur in the same cause in 1856. Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the compa- ny issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly (00 CHESTER A. ARTHUR. followed iheir example. Before that the Sixth Ave- nue Company ran a few special cars for colored per- ions and the other lines refused to let tliem ride at all. General Arthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Republican party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov- ernor Morgan, of that State, appointed hmi Engineer- in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspec- tor General, and soon afterward became Quartermas- ter-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal prac- tice of this well-known firm was very large and lucra- tive, each of the gendemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent. He always took a leading part in State and city politics. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1872, to suc- ceed Thomas Murphy, and held the office. until July, 20, T878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt. Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention that ever assembled on thecontinent. It was comfxased of the leading politicians of the Re- publican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the conven- tion for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield re- ceived the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election. Finally the election came and the country's choice .vas Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated .vlavch 4, 1 88 1, as President and Vice-President. •\ few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, — those moment* of anxious suspense, wher the hearts of all civilized na- i tions were throbbing in unison, longing for the re- covery of the noble, the good President. The remark- able patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suf- fering man has often been called up)on to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly God- like. During all this period of deepest anxiety Mr. Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to hi? credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover, to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi- ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored ]X)sition in the world was at any moment likely to fall to him. At last God in his mercy relieved President Gar- field from further suffering, and the world, as nevei before in its history over the death of any othei man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty of the Vice President to £.ssume the responsibilitii s 0I the high office, and he took the oath in New ^'o!k. Sept. 20, 188 1. The position was an embarr .ssii;;: one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were on him, anxious to know what he w(j Id do, what policy he would pursue, and who he would se- lect as advisers. The duties of the office had ', ccn greatly neglected during the President's long illiu-. , and many important measures were to be iinniediaiely decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him hi did not fail to realize under what circLmistan< e> he became President, and knew the feelings of man) on this point. Under these trying circumstances Presidci t Arthur took the reins of the Government in his o« hands; and, as embarrassing as were the condition -;' affair.' he happily surprised the nation, acting sc w:sei\ hat but few criticised lis administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second term. His name was ably presented before the con- vention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life car- rying with him the best wishes of the American peo- ple, whom he had served in a manner sn'isfactorv to t.hem and with credit to himself. l^i^rL^y/ Uc^ut^CO^Ly^-lC TWENTY-SECOND PRE^^IDF-NT. 103 ^77\YM!\>7?i^ "'"' ifc'^'— '-J-'""^^.g,^"'"',3e. '•'■<^.fc'^"^^ ri'^'"'"' n^ "V-^y..-* 'B' 'Viv'^ "-5' '..o« V. "•vi.-n ^•^(v-» o|i V » •ENJAMIN HARRISON, th« twenty-tliird I'lusiilent, is tlie descendant of one of the historical families of this country. The head of the family was a Major General Harrison, one of Oliver Cromwell's trusted follow- ers and fighters. In the zenith of Crom- well's power it became th>, duty of this Harrison to participate ui tue trial of Charles I, and afterward tc sign the death warrant of the king. He subse- quently paid for this willi his life, being hung Oct. 13, 1660. His descendants came to America, and the next of the family that apjiears in history is Benja- min Harrison, of Virginia, great-grand- fathe." of the suljject of this sketch, and after whom he was named. Benjjunin Harrison was a member of the Continental Congress during the years 1774-.5-C, and was one of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence. He wa three times elected Governor of Virginia- '^en William Henry Harrison, the son of the distinguished patriot of the BeTolntion, after a. sno- cessful career as a soldier during the War of 1812, and with-a clean record as Governor of the North- western Territory, was elected President of the United States in 1840. His 2araer was cut short by death within one mouth .^fter Ins mruguration. President Harrison wa^ born at Norili Bend. Hamilton Co., Ohio, Aug. SO, 1833 His life up to the time of his graduation by the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, was the uneventful one of a coun- tiy lad of a familj' of small means. His father was able to give him a good education, and nothing more. He became engaged while at college to th3 daughter of Dr. Scott, Principal of a female schoo at Oxford. After graduating he determined to en- ter upon the study of the law. He went to Cin cinnati and then read law for two years. At the expiration of that time young Harrison received tiy. only inheritance of his life ; his aunt dying left bin; a lot valued at $800. He regarded this legacy as a fortune, and decided to get married at once, »j»ke this money and go to some Eastern town an . be gin the practice of law. He sold bis lot, and with the money in his pocket, he started out wita his young wife to 6gb.t for a place in thu world- Kn 108 BENJAMIN HARRISONS decided to go to Indianapolis, which was eyen at trat time a town of promise. He met with slight I'licouragement at first, making scarcely anything the first year. He worked diligently, applying him- self closely to his calling, built up an extensive practice and took a leading rank in the legal pro- lession. He is the father of two children. In 186C Mr. Harrison was nominated for the position of Supreme Court Reporter, and then be- gan his experience as a stump speaker He can- vassed the State thoroughly, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 18G2 he raised the 17th Indiana Infantry, and was chosen its Colonel. His regiment was composed of *:he rawest of material, out Col. Harrison employed all his time at first mastering military tactics and drilUng his men, when he therefore came to move toward the East trith Sherman his regiment was one of the best 'Irilled and organized in the army. At Resaca he especially distinguished himself, and for his bravery at Peachtree Creek he was made a Brigadier Gen- oral, Gen. Hooker speaking of him in the most ■•■omplimentary terms. During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field tlie Supreme Court declared the oflice of the Su- premo Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leav- ing Indiana with his regiment until tiie fall oi 18G4 he had taken no le.ave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same office, he got a thirty-d.iy leave of absence, and during that time Doade a brilliant canvass ot the State, and was elected for another terra. He then started to rejoin Sher- man, but on the way w.as stricken down with scarlet ',ever, and after a most trying siege made his way to the front in time to participate in the closing incidents of the war In 1868 Gen. Harrison declined >'c-election as ;€porter, and resumed the practice of law Ir. 1876 De was a candidate for Governor, Although de- eated, the brilhant campaign h^. i.vade won iorhim .a National reputation, and he was inuch sought^ es- pecial.y in tiie East, to make speeches. In 1880, «is usual, he took an active part in i the woild the history of those whose live« are unwc'thy of uublic record /Q^l_^ X^ )2y^-r^- ^^im^-^ BIOGRAPHICAL. H i;*- iWi_^,^ON. HENRY II. HOLT. Conspieuous '^~^ among the progressive and inlluential men of Michigan whom it is a privilege to know and a pleasure to honor, stands the name of this gentleman, who won an extended fame through his ellicient and lionorable service as Lieutenant-Oovernor of tiiis State. His life of more than three-score years lias been a Inisy and eventful one, filled with good works and public- spirited deeds, and now, as the shades of evening gather and he descends into the twilight of life's brief da}', he can recall the past with pride and look forward to the future with hope. The events of his career, briefly narrated below, speak more eloquently than words of the energy, uprightness, keen discrimination and unwavering Uiyalty to the interests (jf his fellow-citizens which have characterized his every act. A native of Xew York, the subject of this notice was born in Camden, Oneirla County, March 27, 1831. His father, Henry Holt, was born in Chap- lin, Conn., in 180.3, and, removing to Xew York State alxnit 18.'i(), engaged in agricultural pursuits there until 18,52, when, accompanied by his fam- ily', he came to Michigan and settled in Kent County. Upon a farm he purchased there he has ever since lived; and now in his old age he en- joys the fruits of his early labors, being the owner of one of the finest farms in the .State. The mother of our subject was Lorancy, daugh- ter of Philip "\V. Potter, a farmer of Herkimer County, N. Y., whose paternal ancestor of the seventh generation, Robert Potter, came from England in lfi28 and settled iu Salem, Mass., whence ten years later he removed to Rhode Is- land, becoming one of the first settlers of that State. A grandson of Robert, Fisher Potter, mar- ried Mary, daughter of Mercy Williams (who was a daughter of the famous Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island Colony) b^- her second hus- band. Samuel Windsor. Our sul)jcct, therefore, is a lineal descendant of this branch of the Williams and Potter families on his mother's side. Mrs. Holt died April 22, 18.'io, when twenty-seven years old. In his childhood years Ileniy II. Holt attended the district school. In 1848 he continued his studies at Fairfield Academy, and subsetnicnlly spent one year at Christ's Church Hall, in Pomfret, Conn. During the year 18,52 he aecumpauied his father to Michigan, and continued for three years the profession of a teacher, which he had com- menced previously. In 18')5 he entered upon his legal studies at a law school in Poiiglikeepsie, N. Y., where he remained for one j'ear. Later he conducted his studies in the I'nion Law College, at Cleveland, Ohio, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and was ad- mitted to practice at the I5ar in .luly, 1857, Hon. David Tod, afterward (iovernor of the State, be- ing at that time President of the institution. Returning to Jlichigan, Mr. Holt was admitted 118 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. to practice at Grand Rapids by Hon. George Mailin, wlio at lliat time was,Tufl I ' I I I ' I ';lt_. EMIY JOHN 1U)LT, who is now living re- J^)ji' tired in (liand Haven, well deserves repre- ^ sentation in liiis volnme, for lie is widely- known among the citizens of Ottawa Conn- ty and iiis life record will he received with inter- est by manj- of our readers. He was born in Hol- land in 18'2;3. and his father, who was also a native of the same country, crossed the Atlantic to Amer- ica and took up his residence in Zeeland, Ottawa County. Nvliere he spent the remainder of his life. B3' occupation he was a farmer. Our subject acquired such educational advan- tages as the schools of his native land afforded. The days of his boyhood and ^-outh were spent under the parental roof, and he early became famil- iar with the duties of farm life, aiding his father in the development of a farm until 1847, when he came to America. He was then a young man of twenty-three years. Landing in New York, he made his way at once to (Jrand Haven, Mich., and became the first settler of this cit3' from Holland. Here he engaged in the milling business for two years, and was then variously omployed for a num- ber of years. He had no capital at the time of his arrival and had to depend upon his own resources for a livelihood. After a time he began devoting his energies to farming and fruit-growing, and thus passed his time for several years. He vvas quite successful in that line, and as his financial resources were increased he began making judi- cious investments in real estate and dealt in town property. This ))roved a ])rolital)le investment and has yielded to him a good income. In the year 18.52 Mr. Bolt was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Cornelia Elfers, a native of the Netherlands. Their union was celebrated in (irand Haven, and unto them was born a family of eight children: Hannah, now the wife of John Kolboord, a resident of Bat- tle Creek, Mich.; Alice, at home; .Jennie, the wife of .John Boer; Henry, now deceased; Cornelia, who died at the age of si.^ months; Henry J.;and All)ert, who is engaged in merchandising in Grand Haven. The mother of this family w.'is called to her final rest in 1892, and many friends mourned her loss. Mr. Bolt is a member of the Second Reformed Church. In politics he is a pronounced Repub- lican, warmly advocating the principles of the party with which he has long been identified. He was elected Strei't Commissioner of Grand Haven, and so acceptably did he fill the ollice that he was re-elected again and again until he had served in that position for ten years. He has always taken an active interest in school atfairs, and the cause of education finds in him a warm friend. In fact, no worthy public enterprise seeks his aid in vain, he being ever ready to give his support and co- operation to those interests which are calculated to prove of public benefit. B^" his own well-di- rected efforts, and through the legitimate channels of business, he has achieved a success and acquired a competenc3- which now enable him to lay aside all care and live retired in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. /^ APT. IIEXHY .1. WOODS, the energetic and [if ^.^ ellicient keeper of the life-saving station of ^^^ Muskegon, Mich., who is possessed of ability and courage, with a thoroughly practical training in the necessary duties of his responsible position, is eminently adapted to the faithful discharge of the obligations intrusted to his care. A native of the State of New York and born in Cattaraugus County .May 29, 18.50, our subject was the son of Henry .1. and Hannah .1. (Starkweather) Woods. The parents were both of New England birth and were reared in the Green Mountain State. The father aiul mother, descendants of long lines of reputable ancestry, were early trained to habits 120 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of thrifty industry and self-reliantly attained to mature age. During their earlj' 3ears they en- joyed the advantage of instruction in the schools of their home neighborhood, but both soon began the earnest work of life. Marr3ing, they made their permanent home in New York, where the father, a farmer by occupation, was higiily re- spected and numbered among tiie substantial men of his locality in the Empire State. Capt. Woods spent the days of boyhood upon the old home- stead, assisting his father in the daily round of agricultural work and attending the nearest dis- trict school. Continuing upon the old homestead and en- gaging in farming for sixteen years, our subject began the battle of life for himself soon after attaining his majority. He was for some time variously employed, but, a man of observation and excellent judgment, lost no opportunity to gain knowledge and thus advance himself in the world. Journeying after a time to the farther West, Capt. Woods came to Michigan, and in August, 1880, becoming one of the crew at the life-saving sta- tion of St. Joseph, held his position for two years, and during this period of time passed through a variety of thrilling and profitable experiences, serving an apprenticeship in the saving of human lives, many more of which, but for the established stations, would be annually sacrificed upon the dano-erous lake coasts. Entering upon the duties of his present position in the year 1882, Capt. Woods has, with satisfaction to the (iovernment, had full charge of the IMuskegon station, lie has with him a tried crew of men, veterans in the service, seven in number, and under iiis skillful command much heroic work has been accomplished. Our subject is a man to be relied upon in the hour of emergency, and no storm is too terrible, no dan O'er too great, for him to face with calm courage and the confidence which inspires his men to renewed effort. In the year 1881 were united in marriage Henry J. Woods and Miss Hulda A. Wells, of Grand Rapids, Mich. The estimable wife of our subject is a native of Ohio and was born in Marietta. Two daughters, bright and attractive, bless the home, Ilattie II. and (iracie B., who will enjoy every opportunit}' for an advanced educa- tion. Our subject is fraternally associated with the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and is a valued member of the lodge at St. Joseph; he is likewise a member of the Muskegon Chapter, R. A. M. lie is also associated with the Knights of Pythias, and has a host of friends among the time-honored orders. Capt. Woods has, in giving close attention to the manner and methods of the service, perfected some invaluable inventions of his own and given most important suggestions for future consideration. lie has arranged a system of carriage locks and buoys, which facilitate and aid in transportation, and he displays mechanical genius of a high order. A brave officer and the right man for his post of danger, Capt. Ileniy Woods possesses the regard of a wide acquaintance and the full confidence of the general public. _y H-^s* 1^-^ ON. HIRAM E. STAPLES, to whose enter- f/ji] prise and executive business ability the present prosperity of Whitehall, Muskegon County, Mich., is mainly due, is not only the head of one of the largest lumber-mills of the State, but is also associated with other interests of magnitude and is justly entitled to the appellation of a lumber king. Mr. Staples was born in Pough- keepsie, N. Y., June 1, 1836, and was the son of Henry and Mary (Connor) Staples, the parents of six children, of whom our subject was the second in order of birth. One brother and one sister only survive. Joshua, who enlisted in the Fifth Wiscon- sin Infantry at the breaking out of the Civil War, died in a hospital in Washington, D. C. One af- ter another three sisters have passed away. Jennie is a resident of Whitehall. The father, a native of the Empire State, was born in or near Poughkeep- sie, N. Y., in 1811, the paternal grandparents mak- ing Poughkeei)sie their lifetime home. Grand- father Joshua Staples was the son of Noah Staples, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAFIUCAL liECORD. 121 an Englisliman by birth, but a very early resident of America and a patriotic soldier of the Hevolu- tionary War. The Stapleses, originally setlling in New York, were small farmers, men of moderate tastes and means, but were possessed of strength of character, energy and resolution, which, be- queathed to our subject, formed his main capital in life during his early manhood. The mother, Mary (Connor) Staples, was the daughter of Thomas Connor, a nativet)f the I'nited States but of direct Knglish descent. His wife, the maternal grandmother of our subject, was the sis- ter of William M. Dayton, candidate for Vice-Pres- ident on the ticket with Fremont. Thomas Con- nor combined the dual occupations of farmer and contractor, and was a successful and highly re- spected man. In 1818, the .Staples family- emigrated from New York to Ravenna, Ohio, and in 1851 came to Michigan, locating in Hillsdale, and in 1857 came to Whitehall, then White Lake. Here the father followed farming on a small scale. Both parents are yet living, the father aged eighty-two, and the mother also at an advanced age. The honorable Mr. Staples, in common with other farmer lads, .assisted upon the homestead in boyhood and attended the district school. He had entered upon liis collegiate course in Albion (Mich.) College when the Civil War broke out, and, promptly an- swering to the call of the Government for "three hundred thousand more," left his books and in the early summer of 1861 enlisted as a private in the Fifth Wisconsin Infantiy, he and his brother Joshua both offering their .service in behalf of na- tional existence. .Joshua, as before stated, died in the hospital, and our subject also fell a victim to exposures and privations, and was likewise con- veyed to the army liospital, from which he was finally sent to his home, being discharged from the army for disability. As soon as he had somewhat recuperated, Mr. .Sta- ples engaged in the handling of limber lands and lumber. His availal^le means were small, but with his characteristic energy he soon began to accumulate a capital and was ere long enabled to enlarge the scope of his enterprises. In 1868, he had prospered to such an extent that in compaii}- with his brother- in-law, Lyman Covell, he bought the present site of their now extensive mills, which, then limited in si/.e, have become the largest manufactories of lum- Ix'r in the world. Aside from these mills our sub- ject has invested in numerous paying enterprises, owning a line of boats, and also being for many 3'ears the President of the Log and Boom Compan3', which does an immense business, one of the largest in the State. Mr. .Staples assisted in the organiza- tion of the First National Bank of Whitehall and was its Vice-President until that financial institu- tion was merged into the .State .Savings liaiik of Whitehall, of which he is Vice-President and a heav}' stockholder. Our subject is also engaged ex- tensively in the manufacture of shingles and is likewise a partner in a large mercantile house. He is a very busy man, and without seeking political honors has had them thrust upon him. For two terms he served ably as Supervisor, was for many years President of the Council, and in 1884 and 1885 was a member of the State Legislature and, associated with important committees, served with rare efficienc}- and to the great satisfaction of his constituents. In 1864: were united in marriage Hiram E. .Staples and Miss Rebecca Covell, a sister of his business partner and Mark B. and Charles E. Co- vell, prominent lumbermen of Muskegon County-. Four children blessed the union, two of whom died in infancy. The eldest son, Dudle\' E., a graduate of Orchard Lake Military School, is now connected with his father in business. H. Earl, a recent graduate from the Whitehall High School, is a young man of promise and unusual ability'. Mr. and Mrs. Staples are valued members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, of which our subject is a liberal supporter. Prominently connected with the Ancient Free & Accepted JIasons, Mr. .Staples assisted in the organization of the lodge at Mon- tague, and also aided to establish the lodge at Whitehall. He w.as the first master of each lodge, and has held that position in the Whitehall Lodge for the past seven years. He has taken the thirty- second degree of Masonry and is alson member of the shrine. Politically, he is and h.as been a life- long Heimblican and is a descendant of an old- line and loyal Whig family-. Essentially the archi- tect of his own fortune, the Hon. Hiram Iv Staples 122 K)RTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. will leave as a most valuable inheritance lo his sons the untarnished record of a life successful from every point of view, his daily walk being dominated liy the sterling integrity and steadfast- ness of purpose which have overcome obstacles and won him a position of honor and influence among the leading men of Michiiian. AVI AS E. BIJOWX, a prosperous contrac- tor and builder of Muskegon, Mich., has materially aided in tiie improvement of his home city by the erection of numer- ous handsome structures, private residences and public buildings, all within the corporate limits of the town. Our subject is anativeof Vermont and was born in Lamoille County, September 21, 1843. His father, Samuel H. Biown, also a native of the Green Mountain State and a man of fine ability and upriglit character, remained througiiought his lifetime a resident of New P^ngland, and after a life of busy usefulness passed away in New Hamp- shire in the j'ear 1892. Tlie paternal grandfather, Joel Brown, a brave soldier of the War of 1812, was a native of Massachusetts, the Brc)wns having settled upon the rock-bound co.ast of our country in a very early day, and throughout these past changing years of more than a century- have as citizens been distinguished by earnest effort and patriotic motives. Their remote ancestry were of Scottish birth, possessing the virtues of the coun- try noted for its industrious thrift. The mother, Fanny (Fales) Brown, a native of Massachusetts, was, like lier husband, a descendant of an old New P^ngland familj-. Our subject spent the days of his ciiildhood in his birthplace and enjo3ed excellent educational advantages in the common schools of Vermont. At the age of eighteen j-ears he decided to try his fortunes in the broader fields of the West, and in 1861, making a prospecting tour, visited a number of prominent places, finally coming to Michigan, and in 18G3 locating permanently in Muskegon. Here three years later, in 1866, Mr. Brown, by trade a carpenter and builder, began contracting, and meeting from the first with the most gratify- ing success has continued uninterruptedly in that business ever since. Our subject built many of the county buildings and erected the JMuskegon Water Works plant at Lake Harbor, and in 1890 sunk the wells which supplied the city with water. He also built the Electric Light plant, and in all his work for private parties or corporations has given universal satisfaction by the prompt and faithful fulfillment of his obligations and the ex- cellence of materia'l and workmanship he has in- variably furnished. Mr. Brown has likewise been especially successful in laying cement walks, which arc of the best quality and superior durabilit}'. In 1868 Savias E. Brown and Miss Mary L. Bourdon, of Muskegon, were united in marriage. The estimable wife of our subject was a native of New York State and was reared and educated amid the scenes of her early childhood. The attractive home. No. 44 Houston Avenue, is brightened by the presence of three sons and three daughters. Fannie Mabel is the eldest-born, then follow in the order of their birth Phojbe Ann, Clarence E,, Clin- ton E., William E. and Loraine. Mr. and Mrs. Brown and their intelligent familj' occupy high positions in the social world of Muskegon and enjoy the es- teem of a wide circle of friends. Our subject is fra- ternallj' a member of the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and while not a politician is a Democrat, deeply interested in l)otli local and national issues, and is numbered among the substantial citizens, ever ready to assist in matters of mutual welfare. -^ ^^IIARLES L. KING. In noting the business [i\ interests of a city or town, it is particularly ^li^'' gratifying to be able to point to the success of such a house as that of C. L. Kingct Co., for the reason that tiieir success may be used as a fair gauge of the average of prosperity in the community. AVitli the inventions, improvements and other ac- PORTRAIT AXn BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 123 cessoiies discovered, a dcffrcc of excellence closely akin to perfection in Uic ni.inufactuic of fruit jjiick- ages, wood plates, veneers, etc., has been attained in tlie last ten or twelve years. Cliarles L. King, wliu lias l)ecn engajfcd in manufacturing the aljove- nientiontd articles in Holland since 1891, is a gen- tleman possessed of excellent business capacity and good judgment. • He was born at Winona, Minn.. Fclirunr^- 2'2, 18.J6, and liis father, L. 11. King, was a native of the Keystone State, wlierehe grew to manliood. .Vt an earl^' date he came Westward and settled in Winona. Minn., where lie was elected to tlie ollice of Sheriff, being tlie first one in tlie county. Later lie removed to Rochester, Minn., and he there era- barked in the agricultural imiilemcnl business and followed this until his death, in l.S(i8. lie married Miss Rebecca Shephard and to them were born seven children, two besides our subject now living. Both par"nts wei-e worthy members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church ami active workers in the same. The father, who w.as a successful business man, accuniulaled a large property, and gave lib- erally to the support of all worthy enterprises. The youthful days of our subject were passed in Winona, Minn., and he was educated in the schools of that city and those of Rochester. After the death of his father our subject continued to live in Rochester for three years, when he joined a sur- veying expedition to Yellowstone Park and ex- perienced many thrilling adventures during this trip. Returning home, he went to New York City and there followed the cigar business for about six months, after which he went to Chicago, where he learned the business he is now following, and which he has made such a decided success. Two years later he took charge of a factory at Decatur, Mich., and operated it two and a-half years, when the factory was moved to Muskegon and he took cliarge of it there. The factory mentioned was the Wood Package and Basket Compan}', and our subject managed that for several years. From there .Mr. King went to Montague, Mich., where he branched out in business for himself. The present company was organized in August, 1881, and the Ilanchelt Paper Company, of Chicago, is controlled by the (irm of C. L. King & Co. Mr. King selected liis wife in the pei-son of Miss Mary Johnson, daughter of William .Johnson, and their union was solemnized in the year 1882. Politi- cally-, Mr. King is a strong Republican and has taken an active part in the work of his party. AVhile residing at Montague he was a member of the Council and was iirominent in all mat- ters of moment. The large f.actory of C. L. King T) BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tainments and, prospered financially, is now liv- ing upon his highly cultivated farm near Mon- tague. The mother of Mr. Mason, born in Wilt- shire, England, was the daughter of a hotel-keeper of that country, and went to Canada when she was a small child, but in a short time went to New York State, later returning to Canada, where her parents died. Mr. Mason was the eldest of the six children who blessed the home of the father and mother. Ida died at the age of twelve years; Fred is a clerk in the store of our subject; Nellie, the second daughter, married Prof. II. A. Corbett, Principal of the schools at White Cloud, Mich.; Mabel lives with her parents; the other brother died in infancy. Our subject spent the days of his boyhood in Lindsay, Ontario, where his father was then engaged in business. Educated mainly in the High School of Lindsay, he completed a thor- ough course of study by the time he was sixteen years old, and then was employed in an office as book-kec)3er. The place of business in which he engaged was a railroad, steamship, telegraph and express oflice. He remained with this com- pany for two years, and during this length of time mastered ever}- branch of the busi- ness. Our subject next became an express mes- senger on the Grand Trunk Railroad, but resigned that position to accept the more congenial occu- pation of a book-keeper for ^Slasou Brothers, un- cles of his, engaged in mercantile business at Mon- tague, Mich. This change in his location occurred in 1880, and for four or five years Mi. Mason re- mained with the firm in the capacit}- of an em- ploye. One of the uncles having died in the mean time, our subject then bought the entire business, which he has since most profitably conducted. For a time our subject ran branch houses at Ferry and Shelliy, but finally closed lliem.and now concentrates his attention upon the one large store in Montague, which controls the best trade of its vicinit\'. I\Ir. Mason has also been interested in real estate, but devotes himself mainl3' to hand- ling merchandise. In November, 1885, G. H. Mason and Miss Emma Dalton were united in marriage. INIrs. Mason is a daughter of Peter Dalton, one of the pioneer lumbermen of Montague. Two sons, George Dowling, aged six j'ears, and William Law- rence, aged two, have brightened the happy home. Mrs. Mason, an accomplished lady and superior scholar and a graduate of St. Mary's, of Indiana, in- herited from her f.ather considerable real estate, now managed by Mr. Mason. Politically a Demo- crat, our subject has always been deeply interested in matters of mutual welfare, and as Collector of the port has discharged the duties incident to the office to the great satisfaction of all interested. Fraternally, Mr. Mason is a valued member of the Ancient Free it Accepted Masons, and in his social and business relations commands the esteem of a wide acquaintance. His home, the abode of hos- pitality, is the centre of attraction for many friends, both Mr. and Mrs. Mason being general favorites in Montague. ^^EORGE B.WOODBURY, a prominent busi- 'll f-—^ ness man residing in Eggleston Townsliip, ^^^^ Muskegon County, is passing the twilight of his life quietly and serenely ui)on his home- stead on section 36. He is a native of Mass.ichu- setts, and was born in Sutton. Worcester County, November 18, 1816. He spent his bojhood da3-s in the old Ba}- State and tlience at an ear!}' age removed to western Michigan, and stopped for a time at Grand Haven, proceeding from that jilace to Muskegon. Here he engaged in engineering and also conducted a large business as a black- smith for several years. In 1850, attracted to the far West by the discovery of gold in California, Mr. Woodbury proceeded to that State, the journey- being made via the Isthmus of Panama. After a long and tedious voyage he arrived in the golden region, where he engaged in mining and in other i)ursuits for about eighteen months. He then sailed on the brig "Mexico" up the Pacific Coast as far as Queen Charlotte Island. Tlic report of fabulous quanti- ties of gold to be found in that country induced him, with a number of other men, to attempt its PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 125 discovery. After a few weeks of prospecting, tliey were disappointed in their searcli for gold. Having heard of a white metal whicli tliey supposed to be silver existing in quantities farther up tiie coast, they continued their journey to that point. Again tiiey suffered disappointment, for the silver they expected to find proved to be only a beautiful while subsUmce, a stalactite formation. The adventurous miners found the Indians very numerous and aggressive, making it necessarj- for them to erect barricades and use every means of protection. At the time of their departure, the savages gathered in great numbers along the shore near the vessel. To avoid an attack, the}' waited for the outgoing tide and suddenly, hoisting sail, with a gentle breeze blowing from the shore, they sped smoothly out to sea, followed b}- hundreds of Indians in their canoes. The attempt of the natives to fasten a line to tlie vessel and tow it back to shore was onl}' prevented b^' the careful guarding of the sailors. The pursuit continued some seven or eight miles out to sea, and, the speed of the vessel increasing, the canoes with their occupants gradually disappeared in the distance. In due course of time and without further event, the V03'agers arrived at the Oolden Gate. Mr. Woodbury next assisted in erecting a saw- mill at Humboldt Bay, a sliort distance from the coast. He continued engaged in that business about eighteen months, but about six months later returned by the Nicaragua route to Grand Haven. In that city, on the llth of December, 1853, he was united in marriage with Miss Rachel .S., daughter of George W. and Harriet E. (Ford) Johnson. The newly-wedded pair commenced housekeeping at Ferrisburg, where Jlr. Woodbury engaged as an engineer for a milling and lumbering company. After one year in that village, he again located in Muskegon,where he followed the business of engi- neering and blacksmithing. On the 24th of April, 188.'), Mr. Woodbury came to Eggleston Township and settled upon the farm where he has since resided. This farm embraces one hundred and ten acres, equallj' divided by the Grand Rapids Road, and is consid- ered the best estate in the township. Politically, Mr. Woodbury is a true Re]niblican, and, while having no political aspirations, lakes a deep interest in matters of public importance. Sociallj', he is identified with the Independent C)rder of Odd F'ellows. Ho and his wife have been the par- ents of the following sons an. The honored soldier then returned to his home in Painesville, Ohio, where he remained until the 126 PORTRAIT ANT) BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sprinw of 1868, when he went to Newaygo Coun- ty, Mich., and settled in Bridgeton, where he es- tablished a small shingle mill, which he carried on for two years. On tlie expii-ation of that time we find him in the cit}^ of Muskegon, where he has since made his home. He now holds a good posi- tion as engineer in the machinery department of the Ilaciiley & Hume Mills. In polities, he is a supporter of Rejiublican principles. He is a cliar- ter member of Muskegon Lodge No. 133, A. O. U. W., and a charter member of the Modern AVood- men (amp of Muskegon. BIr. Stickney has been twice married. In 1874 he was united in marriage with Miss Elmira M. Graves, who died in 1876. In 188.3, he was again married. Miss Jlinnie C. Armstrong, a native of Van Wert, Ohio, and a daughter of Sidney J. Armstrong, becoming his wife. Their union has been blessed by a son and daughter, Clarence B. and Ethel May, who are the light and life of the parents' home. The family resides at No. 118 West IMuskegon Avenue. Mr. Stickney keeps up his arrny acquaintance through his membership witli Phil Kearney Post No. 7, G. A. R. He was one of the valiant soldiers to whom the country owes her safety and in a large degree her present prospcritj'. For three \ears he was at the front, much of the time under Are and always ready to aid in the defense of the Old Flag which now floats so proudly- over the united Nation. ^f UTHER WHITNEY, a retired merchant of 5 Muskegon, was born July 26, 1815, in Gil- ^ sum, Cheshire County, N. II. His ances- tors came from England to America in 1635. His grandfather, Samuel Whitney, served as one of the heroes of the Revolution. Tiie father, Luther Whitney, Sr., was born in Gilsum in 1791, and was a merchant and manufacturer. He married Betsy Uart, also a native of Gilsum, and in 1827 removed with his familj* to Lawrence County, N. Y., wliere he spent his remaining days. Our subject was the eldest cliild of a family of four. He remained in the old Granite State until twelve jears of age and tiien accompanied his par- ents to New York, where lie grew to manhood and completed his education in the district school and by a two-years course in St. Lawrence Acad- emy. After starling out in life for himself he came to the West and for a time engaged in clerk- ing in a dry-goods store in Green Bay, Wis. He afterward spent one winter in a lumber camp, and subsequently we lind him in Kenosha, Wis., where he remained for several years, engaged in merchan- dising and in dealing in lumber. He also en- gaged in the grain business for a time, then went to Detroit, Mieh., where he devoted his energies to the manufacture of washboards about one jear. Returning to Kenosha, he there remained during the three succeeding years, and in 1864 he came to Muskegon. Accepting a position as book- keeper in the lumber business of Gideon Truesdell, he remained in that business from 1864 until 1873. Mr. AVhitney was married in November, 1843, the lady of his choice being fliiss Rebecca .1. h'win, of Green Ba}', Wis., and a daughter of Rol)ert Ir- win. She was born in that city and there spent the days of her maidenhood. By their union they have become the jiarents of three children, of whom two are now living: George B., a con- tractor and builder and civil engineer, now resid- ing in Chicago; and Thomas D., who also resides in Chicago and is now traveling auditor for Ar- mour A' Co. In earlj'life Mr. Whitne\' was an old-line Whig, but on the organization of the Republican party he joined its ranks and has since fought under its banner. He was one of the members of Kenosha Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Kenosha, Wis., but has taken no very prominent part in social and public affairs, preferring to devote his time and attentitin to his business interests. In 1875, he was appointed Postmaster of ISIuskegon, under Gen. Grant, and held the otlice for twelve consecutive years under Presidents Arthur and Hayes. That he promptly and faithfully performed his duties, and admin- istered the affairs of the oflice to the satisfaction of the general public, is well indicated by his long PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 127 continued service. Several other public offices have been tendered iiiin but lie lias refused to ac- cept. He is now a stockholder in tiie Ilackley National Hank, the National I.umlioinian's and the .Muskegon Savings liaiik. Mr. Whitnev is now practically living retired in the enjoyment of the rest which he has so truly earned and richly deserves. His life has been a busy and useful one and his public and private career are alike above reproacii. His success is due to his own industrious asd well-directed efforts, and he may truly be called a self-made man. Mrs. Whit- ney is a member of the Congregational Church. ^^HARLKS II. PROCTOR, a successful gen- (l(^!^ eral agriculturist located on section 3, IIol- ^^^ ton Township, Muskegon County, Mich., has held with abilit}' nearly every official position of trust within the gift of his fellow-townsmen, and, a man of excellent judgment and superior at- tainments, has been an especially prominent factor in the educational advancement of his home neigli- lK>rhood and vicinity. As a member of the Hoard of .Supervisors, and as a School Inspector, with the exception of two years since the organization of the township, Mr. Proctor has materially aided in the promotion and rapid development of the best interests of Muskegon County. Our subject, a native of Roscoe Township, Ohio, and born in 183G, was the son of Ilascal and Nancy (Shepliard) Proctor. The paternal grand|)arents, Asa and Alice (Dane) Proctor, were long-time residents of the (Ireen Mountain Stale. The paternal great- grandfather died when Asa was about seven years of age, and the grandfather was reared by Thomas Parker, of Lowell, Mass. Asa received a good common-school education and learned the carpen- ters' trade, being a wooden-plow and yoke-maker as well as a farmer. He married and settled in Vermont, and into his peaceful home came nine sons and daughters, all of whom survived to reach maturitv. The children of the paternal grandparents were, Sarah, a cripple; Ilascal D., the father of our sub- ject; Samuel C. and Alonzo, deceased; Mandana, wife of Henry Stevens; Orville, deceased; Horatio, a resident of Ingham County, Mich.; and Horace and Jlerrill, deceased. Serving bravely in the War of 1812, the grandfather fought at Hcnning- ton. Politically, he was a Whig and a man of strong views. Reared upon a farm, his son Ilas- cal received but a limited education, and at the age of fourteen was bound out to learn the trade of a tool-maker and blacksmith. Serving a faith- ful apprenticeship for four years, the father then began life for himself, and at about the age of twen- ty-one was united in marriage with the daughter of William and Nancy Shepliard. Ambitious and enterprising, he later removed to Ohio, and in Cleveland worked as a tool-maker. He died in 1847, mourned by many friends. Politically, he was a strong Democrat, and was esteemed as a true and l03'al citizen. Of his two children, but one survived; the other died in infancy. The mother passing away three weeks after the death of the father, our subject was left an orphan at the age of eleven 3'cars, and began life for himself. A mere lad, cast eiitircl)- upon his own resources, Charles Proctor at once found his wa}' to the coun- try, and for one year worked upon a farm for his food and clothes. At twelve years of age oursub- ject joined his grandparents. Proctor, in .Stock- bridge, Mich., to which part of the Wolverine State the venerable pioneers had emigrated in a very early day. Jlr. Proctor remained with his grandparents until twenty-three years of age, and received a good education in the schools of Lan- sing, and, possessing musical ability, fitted himself for a teacher, ami fur four ycirs gave instruction in vocal music. ]\Iiss Elizabeth, daughter of John .Snyder, and a native of Washtenaw County-, Mich., was married to Mr. Proctor in Ann Arbor. Five children blessed their union. Flora is the wife of (icorge 1-. Hull, of Wisconsin; Frank was the second- born; Kdith married Herman L. Hlack, of I^aketon, Mich.; Lewis D. and .Moiiic coinplcle the list of sons and daughters who liave brightened the home. Mr. Proctor having remained upon the farm of his 128 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. grandparents until their deatii, tlien located in the dense woods of Muskegon Count}-. There were no roads, but the trees were bl.'ized for sec- tion lines. The famil}' settled in Ilolton Town- ship in oak openings. At the expiration of two years Mr. Proctor purchased his present valuable farm of eight^y acres, which our subject cleared, logged and improved himself. J\lr. and Mrs. Proctor were both members of the Presbyterian Church, but the estimable wife of our subject later joined the Baptist Church. The daughter Flora was graduated at Fremont, and for years success- fully taught in Muskegon Count}'. Fraternally, Mr. Proctor is associated with the County Grange, and politically is an ardent Republican. Contin- uously engaged in the service of the public in an official capacity, our subject has amply demon- strated his ability to hold office to the great satis- faction of the community by wliom he is sur- rounded. When the Civil War broke out he twice endeavored to enlist, but was refused for physical disability, and then patriotically gave $75 and later $90 to clear his township of the draft. Al- though absent by force of circumstances from the battlefield, the loyalty of our subject was un- questioned, and no man in his locality to-day has a firmer hold upon the true esteem of his friends and neighbors than Charles H. Proctor. -^ -H-- 'AME.S D. CIIEKSMAN, the enterprising President and Treasurer of the Cbeesman- Kelley Manufacturing Company, of Muske- gon, Mich., is a long-time resident and prominent citizen of his present locality, and for thirty years has been closely identified with the progressive interests of the Wolverine State. Born in .Jefferson County, N. Y., April 11, 1812, our subject was but twenty years of age when, inde- pendently setting out to seek his fortune in the West, he came to Muskegon. His fatiier, Francis Cheesraan, likewise a native of tiie Empire State, was the son of Jeremiah Cheesman, who cour- ageously fought in the War of the Revolution. The mother, Susan (Kellog) Cheesman. born, reared and educated in the Empire State, was the de- scendant of sturdy ancestry, who made their home in America iu a very earl}' day. The father, by occupation a contractor and builder, was well known and higlily respected in his lifetime home, Mr. Cheesman spent the years of his boyhood in his birthplace, and received a good, substantial education in the excellent district school of his home neighborhood. Attaining to mature years, and trained to habits of self-reliant industiy, he determined to enter upon the labor of life in a newer field of action, and with the tide of emi- gration journeyed to Michigan. Locating in Muskegon in 1862, our subject re- ceived immediate and remunerative employment in a sawmill, where he continued to remain for a number of years. Finally, in 1887, he organized the Cheesman-Kelley Manufacturing Company, with James D. Cheesman as President and Treas- urer, T. B. McNiff Vice-president, and M. G- Avery Secretary. The company, financially pros- pered, does a large and rapidly extending busi- ness, the success of the enterprise being mainly due to the energetic efforts and executive ability of the President and Treasurer, who is also one of the principal stockholders of the company. The extensive plant of the Cheesman-Kelley Company is located at the corner of East Western Avenue and the Chicago & West Michigan Rail- road tracks, and does a general planing-mill busi- ness, manufacturing boxes and interior and ex- terior finishings, and likewise building stairs, etc. It commands one of the largest lines of custom given to any similar establishment in this part of tiie State. Literally a self-made man, of earnest purpose and sterling Integrity, our suliject has in truth won his way upward unaided, and now, one of the leading business men of Muskegon, has at- tained a position of influence, commanding the respect of all who know him. In the year 1866 were united in marriage James D. Cheesman and Miss Helen J. Dean, daughter of Harvey and Abbie (Warren) Dean, both of sturdy New England ancestry. The mother of Mrs. Chees- man was a native of Connecticut, and was there cl, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 131 reared antl educated, but died in the Empire State in 18;)".». Mi. Dean, aisfO a native of New England, was a farnier by occupation, and after residins; in New York returned to Massachusetts, and from the old I!ay State emigrated in 1862 to Muske- gon, Mich. Tiie union i)f our subject and iiis ac- complisiied wife lias been blessed by tlie birth of two children, a son and a daughter, Frank T. and Addie, now at home. The pleasant and com- modious family residence is located at No. 1(5 West Webster Avenue, Muskegon, and. desirably situated, is well known to a large circle of inti- mate ae(|uaint;inces and long-time friends. Occu- pying pti?iti()ns of ii.sefiil influence, ^Ir. and Mrs. Cbeesman take an active pari in the social and benevolent enterprises of their locality, our siil)- ject being a ready aid in all matters pertaining to the public welfare. ^ ^ I'NTER SAVIDOE w.as a well-known resi- dent of Spring Lake. Ottawa County. lie ,^ was liorn in Columbia County, Pa., April (sH^' C, 1828, and was of English descent. His parents. Penjainiii and Esther (Hunter) .Savidge, were both natives of New .Jersey, and had a family of thirteen children, of whom our subject was fifth in order of birth. He remained in the Keystone .State until he had attained his majorit\-, and ac- (juired a good education in the public schools. Having arrived at man's estate, .^Ir. Savidge re- solved to try his fortune in the West and emi- grated to Hockford, HI., where he carried on con- tracting and building until 1850. That \-ear wit- nessed his arrival in Spring Lake, where he ein- liarked in the manufacture of lumber. In 18(!1, the partnership of Culler tt Savidge was formed, which became one of the most extensive and best- known lumber firms in the West. When Mr. Sav- idge was about nine j'ears of age his parents re- moved to Northumberland County, Pa., where his father wf)rked at his trade of a mechanic. Hunter there learned the business, and al the age of eigh- C teen was a most proficient workman in that line. He then gave his attention to mechanical work and to school-teacl'.ing, but on his removal to Hockford abandoned the latter and took up con- tracting and building. We thus see that his ])revi- ous work made him well fitted for the business in which he now engaged as a i)artner of D. Cutler. They prospered from the beginning, and Mr. Sav- idge became owner of a large amount of valuable property and wsis sole proprietor of the famous hotel, the Spring Lake House, one of the most popular suminor resorts of northwestern Jlichi- gan. On the 12tli of I-Vbruary, 18.')7, .Air. Savidge married Miss .Sarah C, daughter of Lyman Patten, who resided near Grand Hapids, ]\Iich. The^' be- came the parents of three children: William, now of Detroit; Esther, wife of N. Robins, Jr., of Grand Haven; and George P., who is i)ursuing a scientific course of stud}' in the .ShelHeld School, of Yale. Jlrs. Savidge is still living in Spring Lake, where she has a palatial residence, liand- somely furnished and beautifully and pleasantly located upon a site which commands a picturesque view of the city. She is a devoted member of the Presb3-lerian Church, and is a lady whose many excellencies of character have won for her the love of all. Our subject was one of the most prominent and iiilluciitial (ilizensof this cuinmiinity, and was con- nected with many leading interests besides the lumber busmess. At the time of his death he w.as a Director of the National Bank of (iraiid Haven, President of the Ottawa County Booming Com- pany, a Director of the (Jrand River X- (iieenviUe Log Rolling Company, ami his wealth, the income from these various concerns, was estimated at a- half million. Socially, he was connected with the Masonic fraternity and Odd Fellows' society. In politics, he was a Democrat, but was never a poli- tician in the sense of ollice-sceking. However, he made an excellent run in 1868 for State Sena- tor, and though the Re|)ublicans were greatly in the majority he was defeated by only a few votes. He was a public-spirited man. generous and benevolent, and never failed to respfmd to any call for aid in public improvement. Churches, 132 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. schools and charities always found in him a val- uable friend, and tlie poor and needj- were never turned from his door empty-handed. In cool, clear judgment he had few equals, never losing perfect control, no matter what the emergency. His advice to a man in an emergency, was " Cut down your expenses and keep cool." He had tlie respect of all witli whom business or social rela- tions brought liim in contact, and his word was as good as his bond. He passed away April 11, 1881, and in his death the comn. unity lost one of its best citizens, his associates a faithful friend, and his family a loving husband and father. 'iir^A^^D A. WILSON, a successful lumber- I jl) man of JIuskegon, Mich., and the etticient (^^^ Alderman representing the Fifth Ward in the Common Council, is a native of his home city, and, born September 6, ISO;'), has ever since attaining his majority been intimately' asso- ciated with the j)rogressive interests of liis birth- place, and is widel}' known as an enterprising citizen and man of sterling integrity. The father of our subject, Matthew Wilson, a pioneer lum- berman of Michigan and President of the Union Nalicmal Iiank of Muskegon, continues a resident of the city where he settled in 1855, and, engag- ing in lumbering, rapidly amassed a competence. Financially prospered, and a man of public spirit, he in 1889 organized the bank with wliicli he is now prominently connected as the i)rincipal stock- holder, Director and President. The estimable mother, Mrs. Mary 1.. Wilson, was likewise iden- tified with the early history of Muskegon, and, a ladv of worth and intelligence, was recognized as an important factor in tiie .social life of the city. David A. completed the course of instruction in the Muskegon High School in 1883, graduating with honor. Immediately after leaving school he energetically entered into the lumber business and, anxious to acquire a practical training and master every detail, began his apprenticeship in the woods, and later became superintendent of the woods business for his fatliei-. Our subject is one of the largest stockholders in the Jlaxwell Lumber Company, of ."Muskegon. Winning his way rapidly to a leading business position, he is also one of the princi|)al stockhold- ers and a Director of the JIagom it Kimball Coal Company, of Muskegon. Attaining a self-reliant and intelligent manhood in his native city, Mr. Wil- son possesses a host of friends, his genial manners, courteous bearing and tine physique attracting all with whom he comes in contact, either in social or business relations. A general favorite in societv, our subject received the congratulations and best wishes of a numerous acquaintance when, upon March 2, 1892, he was united in marriage with Miss Maud F. Marvin, daughter of Dr. Le Ray Marvin, a native of New York, hut a long-lime and highly regarded citizen of ^luskegon. The mother of ISIrs. Wilson, Ellen (D\'er) Marvin, born in Ohio, was a direct descendant of the Dyer family who, emigrating to America in the " Jlay- flower," founded in this country a branch of the Dyers who have given to the United States some of her bravest and most enterprising citizens, men of learning and business ability, and women of culture and broad intelligence. The accomplished wife of our subject, a lady of refinement and win- ning presence, is a most gracious hostess, and she and her husband, in their inagnincent home. No. 37 Peck Street, JMuskegon, entertain royally- many of the most distinguished peojjle of the Wolver- ine State. Politically a Democrat, Mr. Wilson is a leader in the local councils of the party, and while his ward is one of the strongholds of the city Repub- licans, was elected upon the Democratic ticket by a handsome majority-. In his otlicial position zealous in the service of the city and true to the best interests of his constituents, our subject com- mands universal confidence and esteem. He is fraternally associated with Lovell Mooie Lodge No. 182, A. F. h A. M., and is likewise a mem- ber of Lodge No. 48, 15. 1'. (). ('., the (irand Lodge being located at Cleveland, Ohio. Possessing quick discernment and keen judgment, and being prompt to grasp a situation, Mr. Wilson has won POIiTKAlT AND UlOGRAPIllCAL RECOKD. 133 his way to a hisili place anioni; tlie substantial biisiiK'ss nifii and capitalists of the State, and in the iiandling of large moneyed interests and pub- lic trusts has exhibited an executive al)ility which assures his alile fullillinent of every oliliiration of life as a fnend. citizen and public man, faithfully aiding in the general welfare and upward [)rog- rcss of his fellow-men. NDUKW J. EMLAW. Mr. Emlaw, formerly 'IU\\ one of the foremost lumber manufacturers oftirand Haven, Mich., is now retired from the active duties of life, and lives in the enjoyment of a handsome home on Frank- lin .street, (.hand Haven. His long life of indus- try and usefulness, and his record for integrity and true-hearted faithfulness in all the relations of life, have given him a strong hold upon the com- nniiiity which all might well desire to share. His career is an exani()le of the prosperity tiiat comes to him who strives, for his success in life has not been the result of chance, but of his individual and contiuuous efforts. Mr. Kmlaw is a native of \'crmi)ut. a Slate always suggestive of the honest, hard and rugged character in human life, and was lioin in Alburgh Springs February 5, 182'J. His parents, Michael and Wealthy (Maxfield) Einlaw, were both natives of the Empire Slate. Tiie father was born on the shore of Lake Cham- plain in IHOO. He was a cooper by trade and an hone.-t, industrious man. Mrs. Emlaw was the daughter of Isaac Maxticld and of Scotch desienl. I$y her marriage to Mr. Emlaw she became the mother of eight children, the original of this no- tice being sixth in oidtr of birth. The early edu- cational advantages of our subject were received in the distiict schools of Franklin County, N. Y., and later he learned the trade of a millwright. In the year 1HI!( he came to Michigan and located in (irand Haven, where he followed his trade and was also engaged in building sawmills up to 18C6, when he formed a ]>artncrship with C. L. Storrs & Co., the linn continuing under the title for five j'eais, when it was changed to Reynolds & Emlaw. This firm manufactured i)ine lumlH'rand c(nitinued the business successfuly up to 1M7."), when the mill burned. In 1881 the (!iand Haven Lumber Com- pany was organized with C. IJoyden as President, Mr. Einlaw ^■ice-I•l•esident and H. C. \. Keley as Secretary and Treasurer. .Mr. Einlaw is sole owner of the gas plant of (iiaiid Haven. Our subject remained in the business until 1885, when he retired, and is now living a happy, con- tented life. He has ever been interested in the public weal, is generous in his support of worthy measures, and is a model citizen, as all who are accpiainted with him know. The soul of honesty in all his business trans.aclions, by his correct mode of living he h.as made numerous warm and faithful friends. Blood will surely tell, and men who come from good and honored ancestors, and are reared in an atmosphere of honesty and good principles, will assuredly make their mark in what- ever field of labor fate may destine them to work. Mr. Einlaw w.as married in 1872 to Miss Louisa Bentham, of Grand Haven. Mich., and two children have blessed this union, Harlan .S. and IMartha L. Mr. Emlaw 's views are embodied in the declar.a- lions of the Rejiublican party, and his vote is cast with that organization. ERNEST A. WORl!i:.N. Willi the develop- ment and advancement of any great com- ; monwealth are indissolubly connected the names and careers of certain men who, uniting their efforts, and with the love of their countrj' at heart, have sought the advancement of their re- spective callings, and thus retlccted credit ntit onl3' upon themselves, but u|)nu their professions and their State. Thus it is that Michigan has within her borders many men to whom she may justly point the finger of pride, and whose names are inseparably connected with her advancement, 134 PORTEAIT AND BIOGRATHICAL RECORD. morally, intellectually and financially. Standing IJi'o-eniinent among the leal-e^tale dealers of Muske- gon, Midi.. IS Ernest A. Worden, who lias made his name of enduring value in this city. This worth}' representative of the real-estate in- terests of Muskegon County is a native of Mich- igan, born in Utica, Macomb County, Septem- ber 2, 1852. His parents, Carey and Mary E. (Madison) Worden, were natives of New York and New rianipshire, respectively, the father born in Dutchess County August 1, 180!), and the mother in Chester March 26, 18111. Tlie former is still living and makes his home in Almont, Lapeer County, jSIich. For many years he was a merchant in the Lake State. His wife died on the 31st of July, 1861, in Almont, Jlich. Thej- were the par- ents of four children, our subject being third in order of birth. This was his father's second union. When two ^ears of age, our subject was taken by his parents to Almont, Mich., and there, as soon as old enough, he begnn attending the district school. Later he entered the High School, and af- ter finishing there began clerking in his father's store, remaining in the same until eighteen years of age. He then came to Muskegon County, and in 1872 began clerking in the dry-goods store of Smith & Phitt, at Muskegon, where he remained until 1880. That year he embarked in the dry- goods business on his own account, and continued the same until the fall of 1881), when he sold out and went South and East in search of health. Re- turning to Muskegon in 18'JO, he embarked in the real-estate business, and is dealing very extensively in city property. He is conducting transactions in all branches of the business, buying, .selling, ex- changing, etc., and is well equip|)ed and prepared to attend to orders and commissions prompti}- and satisfactorily. In his choice of a life companion he selected Miss Lida T. Merrill, a native of Muskegon, Mich., and the daughter of E. W. Merrill. 'I'heir union was solemnized in 1876, and they have one daugh- ter, whose birth occurred May 2S, 1881. They have an elegant residence situated in the center of the block, and this neat home is of the latest style of architecture, is situated on one of the best paved streets of the city, and in a good neighbor- hood. Socially, Mr. Worden is a Royal Arch Ma- son, anil, politically, a stanch Democrat. He and his wife are held in high esteem in the community, and take a leading part in all worthy movements. ON. THOMAS WHITE FERRY, of Grand Haven, who was from 1875 to 1877 Presi- •^ dent of the United States Senate, and act- 1^1 ing A'ice-President of the United States,was born at jMackinac, June 1, 1827, and was but seven years old when he removed with his parents to the wild home at Grand Haven, to experience the hardships and adversities of pioneer life. He received a common-school education and was bred to business i)ursuits. M'itli the exception of two years spent as a clerk in a store in Illinois, he re- mained a co-laborer with his father until the hitter's death, in 1867. In iiartnersliip with his brother, I']. P. Ferry, he later continued the lum- ber business, which under his general management was prosecuted with energy and success. He early manifested an interest m public mat- ters, and at the age of twenty-one years was chosen County Clerk of Ottawa County. Two years later, in 1850, he was elected a Ueiiresenlative to the ISIichigan Legislature to serve a term of two 3-ears. In 1856 he was elected State Senator for two years. For eight years he was an active member of the State Republican Committee. He was a delegate- at-large, and one of the Vice-Presidents of the National Republican Convention at Chicago in 1860, which nominated Abraham Lincoln. In 1863 he was appointed Commissioner for Michigan of the Soldiers' National Cemeter}' at Gettysburg. In 186 4 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was re-elected success- ively to the Fortieth, Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving on some of the most important committees. In January, 1871, after an exciting contest, he was elected United States Senator for six years. He cousequentlj' surrendered his fourth- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 135 term place in the House of Representatives of the Fort3'-seconrUinity offered for the bettering of his linancial condition, l)ul has never done so at the expense of his own self-respect, or by fraudulent means. He has labored faithfully for himself and family and is now possessed of a competence gained by energetic and well-directed efforts. He is well known lo Ihe people of Mus- kegon, and his correct mode of living h.as gained him a popularity- which is ineritcd in every re- spect. Our subject was born in Ireland in the year 1813, and is the son of James and Hridget (Shea) Jloriarty, natives also of Ihe Emerald Isle. The father followed the occupation of a farmer in his native country', and there passed his entire life. He was an honest, hard-working gentleman, and one whose career was ever upright and honorable. The mother, after the loss of her husband, came to this country, and made her home finally in this county, where she died. "Uncle Dan" received his scholastic training in the common schools and later attended school at Dublin, receiving a thor- ough course of instruction in that city. Finishing his education, he came to America in 18(i(5 and opened the Muskegon Hotel, later the Forest City 136 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. House, which he carried on successfully until 1874, when it was destroyed by fire and he sustained a lieavy loss. Following his losses by lire, Blr. Moiinrty eni- barkeil in the jewelry business and has continued that up to the present time. No man in the city occupies a higher position for energy, enterprise, public spirit, integrit3^ and business rectitude tlian Mr. Moriarty. He is emphatically a business man, the carver of his own destiny, and has made it an honorable one. In. the year 1833 he was married to IMiss Mary Ann Marshall, the daughter of a Frenchman, and their nuptials were celebrated in New York City. They had an adopted dauglilei. Pearl Moriarty Power, who died in July, 1893. In politics, our subject is independent, voting for the man rather than the party, and has held a num- ber of prominent jjositions in the city. He was first Alderman of the First Ward, then City Recorder, and while Alderman discharged the duties of act- ing Mayor repeatc^'dly. When starting mit in life for himself, "Uncle Dan" first engaged in teaching school, and was Superintendent of the schools of New York for three years. He was a laborious student, and in- vestigated ver^- tli(jroughly every object that fell within his duties; :uid he is now a close reasoner, a deep thinker, and an honorable, upright citizen. He has been an ;iident advocate of the cause of the laboring man and is interested in labor unions. Before "Uncle Dan" came to this city he held the Chair of Abstract .Mathematics and Logic in the Notre Dame (Ind.) University, which position he occupied for three \ ears. ^^=^>-^^arent- age. Huibert Kep|iel w,-is born February 12, 1805, and grew to manhood in the land of his nativit}'. In 1847, aceoinpiinied by his family, he took pas- sage on a vessel bound for America, but was ship- wrecked and obliged to remain in England for nine weeks before tiie sliip could pursue its on- ward course. Although he left Holland in Octo- ber, he did not land in New Orleans until the 14th of the following April. Having a brother in Keokuk, Iowa, Huibert Keppel jn'oceeded up the Mississippi River to that point, and in May, 1848, came to Zeeland, IMich., where he purchased a yoke of oxen and eighty acres of land. In addition to farming interests, he also engaged extensively in buying and selling flour, meeting with considerable success in that undertaking. Politically, he is a Republican, and has served in numerous otiicial capacities, among which may be mentioned that of member of the School Board. In the Reformed Church he occu- pied the position of Deacon for many years. He is a man of energ}' and high capabilities, and al- though he has met with many obstacles in life, success has crowned his well-direettd efforts and he now occupies a ])roniinent position among the citizens of his community. Huibert Keppel has been three times married, and by his first union had nine children, six of whom survived to mature jears: Kunder, whose death occurred in Zeeland; Teunis, who enlisted in the Thirteenth JMicIiigan Infantry, and died in the Kalamazoo Hospital; Jenneke; Govert; Her- bert, who died at the age of forty-three; and Dirk, who enlisted in Company D, Twenty-fifth Michi- gan Infantry, and was killed on Wilmington Is- land, near the city of Savannah, April 16, 1802. The mother of these children died in Holland in 1844. She was a daughter of Govert De.Jong. a hotel-keeper in that country. The second wife of Mr. Keppel w.as Dirkje Den Hertog, who died in Zeeland. The third wife was Mrs. Boar, who is now deceased. After carrying on his studies in the district schools for a few years, our subject began to make his own wav in liie world, at the age of twelve. He remained in his father's employ until he was twenty-tive, after which he engaged in the mer- cantile l)usiiie>s ill Zeeland for two years. Subse- quent to this, he purchased an eighty-acre farm, where for four years he tilled the soil and success- fully conducted agricultuial pursuits. I'pon dis- posing of his farm in 1872, he embarked in the milling business, and in 1877 purchased a one- third interest in the concern. Later he bought out the interests of his parliieis, and now owns the mill, which he has greati}' improved and ren- ^^. PORTliAlT A^D lilUGRAPlllCAL KECORD. Ill dered more valuable bv llie iiitrodiietion of llie roller syi.tcin. In addition to the nnllino business, Mr. Kcppel has other valuable iiitore.sts in the villaj^e where he makes his liome. lie was one of tlie organizers of the furniture factuiv, in wiiifli he is now a stockholder. He is a stanch I{ei)ul)lican in poli- tics, and is now serving his fourtii term as Presi- dent of the village, in wiiicli capat'ily he lias ren- dered excellent service to his fellow-citizens, and h.as been instrumental in introducing a miniber of needed improvements. As a member of the School Hoard, his labors have been effective in promoting a high grade of scholarslii]i and in seeming the teaclier.s best qualified for the work of iii>tniction. June 2r>. 186.5, Mr. Keppel was united in mar- riage with Miss Magdalena M., daughter of John and Magdalena M. (Muelendyk) De Pree. They were the ])arents of seven children, six of whom are living: Huibert. John, Tennis, Magdalena M., Margaret and Allie. One child, Magdalena, died at the age of two years. The religious home of the family is in the Dutch Reformed Church. As the architect of his own fortune, having through energy and tireless effort secured a large measure of success, Mr. Keppel is deserving of the high re- gard in which he is held by all who know him, and is entitled to more than passing notice in enumerating the'successful men of Ottawa County. |L_^ON. >'KLS()X 1)K LONG. At the l',.u- of Ijjj. the State of Michigan many men have 1^^^ won brilliant triumphs, but none have at- (^) tained a greater fame than that which a just recognition of his talents brings to Mr. De Long, wlio is conceded to be the ablest juiy lawyer in central and western Michigan. To him belongs the distinction of having won a larger num- ber of cases than any attornej' in this part of the State. In addition to his professional labors, lie has held with honor various local positions of trust, and has twice been chosen Mayor of Muske- gon. As chief executive he vigorously promoted the interests of the city and made an enviable record, which, in connection with other ([ualitics, has contributed to his po])iilarity throughout the city and county. A native of Michigan, our subject was Ixini in Essex, Clinton County, November 0, 1818. His parents. Nelson and I.ydia A. (Ayers) De Long, were widel3- known and highly esteemed in the Wolverine State, 'i'lic father, an industrious man and upright citizen, was a farmer by occupation and a practical general agriculturist. Emigrating from the Empire State, he located in Clinton Couiity, where he made his home until his death, in 1891. He came to Micliigan a young man full of ambition and earnest purpose to win his way in life, and was successful in his vocation. .\ pioneer of Clinton County, he shared the privations of the early days, and, clearing, cultivating and im- proving the land, particiiiated in the piomc)tioii of the fanning interests of his adopted .State. His beloved wife, daughter of John .\3ers, entered into rest many jears before her husband, passing away in 1874. Our subject was the fourth of the seven chil- dren, of whom five yet survive. Heaied upon the old homestead in Clinton County, he attended the public school of Essex and assisted his father in the care of the farm, devoting a large part of his time to agricultural pursuits until he had reached nineteen years, when he enjoyed the ben- efits of instruction in the Normal School at Maple Kapids. Having completed his studies in the lat- ter well-known institution, he taught school for a time and then entered the law department of the State University at Ann Arbor, from which he was graduated March 29, 1871. He then located in Maple Kapids and began the practice of his pro- fession. Succeeding as an advocate at the Bar, Mr. De Long likewise met with public favor, and was elected Justice of the IVace and also held the im- portant position of Circuit Court Commissioner. In the month of August, 1873, he removed to Muskegon and opened an olliee for the gencial practice of law. In a brief time he entered into partne.ship with .loali Maker, under the firm name 142 PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of Baker & De Long, the partnersliip continu- ing until 1875, when Mr. Baker retired from the firm. Mr. De Long continued the practice of Lis profession alone until 1881, when he formed a partnership with William W. and Eugene Fellows, under the firm name of De Long, Fellows & Fel- lows. In the fall of 1876, he was chosen to fill the oflice of Prosecuting Attorue3' and served in that capacity for one terra. In 1880 he was re- elected, holding the position until .lune, 1882, when he resigned. Forming a partnership with F. W. Cook and Eugene Fellows, under the firm title of Cook, De Long & Fellows, he conducted his practice in this connection until Novemher 10, 1881. In the spring of 1882, Mr. De Long made the race for Mayor on the laboring men's ticket against a prominent Democrat, who was nomi- nated by the Republicans and Democrats. Not- withstanding this opposition, he was elected by the handsome majority- of nine hundred and sixty- one votes. In 1883, he was re-elected chief exec- utive of the city. He formed a law partnership with .James O'Hara in 1887, and the firm contin- ued until August, 1898. In 1887 he was promi- nently brougiit before the people as candidate for Circuit Judge, on the Democratic ticket, but, the district being overwhelmingly Republican, he suf- fered defeat. From 1889 to 1891, he served as Attorney of the city of J\Iuskegon. In 189.'5 he was again nominated on the Democratic ticket for the position of Judge of tiie I^ourtecnth Judicial Circuit, comi)Osed of Muskegon and Uceana Coun- ties, and his popularitj^ at home is attested by the fact that he had a majority- of nearly one thou- sand in JIuskegon County. Oceana, however, con- tributing to his opponent's majority, secured the defeat of Mr. De Long. June 27, 1872, occurred the marriage of Nelson De Long and Miss .Jennie L. ^IcCartne^', an ac- complished young lady residing in JIaple Rapids, Mich., and the daugiiter of Kobert and Lou (Web- ster) McCartney. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. De Long was Lyman Webster, a man of abil- ity and high position. In February, 18911, Mrs. Dc Long departed lids life, leaving one child, a daughter, Nina L., who resides with her father in their beautiful home at No. 98 Rawson Street, Muskegon. Mr. De Long and his daughter oc- cupy a position of distinction in social circles and enjo_v the regard of their acipiaintances. -^^l H ON. DWIGHT CUTLER. Every man in rji' the United States, b3' birth or its equiv- alent, shares or is a share-owner in the glo- rious privileges of our Government to forge tlirough the ranks of the man^' and become one of the few. A man who possesses the ability to do this, who by years of patient toil and un- swerving loyalty to truth and integrity forces his way through the multitudes of others equally as am- bitious and determined, and- wrests from the world a meed of victoiy, does not need a piece of aca- demic parchment, learnedly inscribed, to make his life valuable to the comnuinity in which he lives, for by his sterling methods and his high moral purpose he h.as become a leading factor in tlie conservatism of the good government of his com- munity and a valuable exami)le to those whose efforts in human progress have just begun. Such a man is Hon. Dwight Cutler, President of the First National Bank of Grand Haven, and one of the most proniinent business men of that thriving city. Mr. Cutler i» a product of the old Bay .State, born in Amherst, November 14, 1830, and is the son of Dr. Isa.ac G. and Nanc^^ (Hastings) Cut- ler. Great-grandfather Cutler was a native of Wales, but came to .\merica at an early date, and his grandson was one of the first settlers of Am- herst, Mass., w^iere he and his wife passed the re- mainder of their days. Dr. Culh'r was one of the most eminent physicians and surgeons of his day, and his extensive pr.actice continued until his death, in 1831, when our subject was but fdur j'cars of age. ^L•s. Cutler's father was one of the first settlers of Amherst, Mass., and was a man of considerable prominence. Tiie original of this notice received his scholastic PORTRAIT AND J5I0GRAPIIICAL RECORD. ■l:i training in Willis^ton Seminary, Kastlianiplon, Muss., and took a special course of instruction. When about eijiliteen j-ears of age lie made his way to (iiand Haven. Midi., aiision merchants, continuing with tliat company for three years and meeting with unusual success. During that period lie purchased a number of ves- sels, both sail and steam, that were used in con- nection with his business. In IHGd Jlr. Cutler commenced the lumber manufacturing business with Hunter Savidge, of .Spring Lake, a vill.ige two miles distant fiom New Haven, and bought a sawmill known as the old Hopkins Mill. Since then Mr. Cutler and his |):irtner have bought one mill, built another, and formed a stock compan^^ with a paid capital of ^500,000. This is the larg- est lumber manufacturing firm in western Mich- igan. They handle upwards of one hundred mill- ion feet of lumber in one season, but average about fortj' million annuali\-. This lirm had large wholesale lumber 3ards in Michigan City. Indianapolis and .South Uend, Ind., and in Detroit, JIich.,and they ship their lumber to almost all parts of the I'nited .States, while their mills and lumber interests give empio^-nient to over five hundred men most of the year. Tliej' own extensive tracts of pine land tributary to Grand River. In 1872 Mr. Cutler erected the largest and finest hotel building in the State of Michigan. It stands on M'ashington Street, in Grand Haven, is an ornament to the cit}', and is known abroad as a Grand Haven summer resort. It was named for himself, being called the Cutler House, and cost, including furniture, etc., |20(1,()00. The architecture of the building is most beautiful, def^'ing criticism, and the inner appointments are excellent. The same year Mr. Culler, with others, organized the First National Itank of that city, and held his connection with the .sanie for Iwenty years. The charter expiring, he helped to organ- ize the National Hank of Grand Haven and was made President, whlcli pd^iljon he has held since. This is one of the solid institutions of the State of Michigan and is located in the Cutler I'.lock. During 1870 and 1871 iMr. Cutler held the olHce of Mavor of Grand Haven and discharged the duties of that inipoitaiit position in a most illi- cienl iiiaiiiu'r. He has filled the olliee of .School Trustee for nearly twenty years, but has never a.-.piied, however, to the honors of public position, having declined to accept an3' of the St.'ilc or na- tional offices his friends proffered him. In politics, our subject is independent, voting for the man, irresi)eeti ve of party, and his religious views are emliodied in the I'aith of the Unitarian Cluircli, of which he is a worthy member. He is public-spirited in the highest degree and takes a deep interest in national, State and eountv affairs, and every effort tending to the enhancement of the public welfare h.as his untjualified support. He is now sixty-three years of age, in the full en- joyment of health, and has been a resident of Grand Haven many 3-ears, during which time he h.as identified himself with every worthy enterprise, his brilliant mental qualities fitting him in an ad- mirable manner to lead whenever he so desired. Mr. Cutler was married on the lOtli of February-, 1858, to Miss Frances E. Sl.ayton, of Stowe, A't., and five children have been given them: Millicent S.; Esther P., wife of John N. Bagley, of Detroit, Mich.; Dwiglit, Frances and Mary. During Ins first year in Michigan Mr. Cutler received ^.")0 and his board, but hisspleiidid businessacuiiien brouglil him to the front, and he is now one C)f the promi- nent capitalists and representative business men of the State. ^4^ t^- "Sl 'l^ ON. DANIEL UPTON, Sh., dece.tsed, a highly esteemed pioneer settler of Jliclii- gaii, who througlKJUt a long career of lioii- ^ ored usefuliics> in the Wolverine Stale held with ellieieiuy and integrity high positions of trust, passed to his rest at JIuskegon Heights .lune 30, 1811.'!, niouriied as a public loss. Horn in Newburg, Dutchess County, N. Y., August 27, 1818, our subject was only seventeen years of age when, a bright ambitious youth, he came with his parents to Jackson, Mich., :iiid from 18;!,') until 144 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. his demise, a period of almost three-score years, was as a leading citizen inliraalely associated with the development of the great West. His father, Samuel Upton, a native of Providence, K. I., sur- vived his removal toJMicliigan many years, p.assing away about a quarter of a century- later, upon January 3, 1860. He was a man of upright char- acter and steadfast purpose and commanded the high regard of all who knew him. The paternal grandfather, also Samuel Tpton, was a long-time resident of Rhode Island, making his home for many years in Providence. The Uptons were originally subjects of (ireat Britian, but emigrated from Kngland to tlie United States in an early period of our Colonial liistory. The mother, in maidenhood Charlotte Frost, born in Westchester County, N. Y., was the descendant of a long line of English forefathers, the Frosts settling in New England not long after the landing of the I'ilgrim j Fathers. Our subject passed the days of childhood in his birthplace, and received a good common-school education in the home district. His father was at one time a prominent woolen manufacturer, and acquired a comfortable com|)etence. The Hon. Daniel Upton, Sr., from 1859 to 18GG was widely known as the popular County Clerk of Jackson Count}', and in 1866 was elected to the Legisla- ture, being sent from the second district of Jack- son County to the House of Representatives, wliere he served on important committees and faithfully discharged the duties entrusted to him by ills constituents. In the fall of 1867 our sub- ject left his long-time iiome in Jackson, Mich., and permanently located in Muskegon, wliere for a twelvemonth he engaged in merchandising. I>ater he here conducted an extensive and profitable real-estate business, continuing in the same until his death. He had for many years been an expert on values of both inside and outside property, and in all matters of local improvement was animated with enthusiastic enterprise until the close of his life. In June, 181)1, upon the organization and building of Muskegon Heights, he accepted the position as Clerk of the Heights, and with rare ability transacted every detail of the business de- volving upon him until smitten by mortal illness. F"rom 1876 until 1880, Mr. Upton rendered most satisfactoiy decisions ao Justice of the Peace and Police Judge of Muskegon, and ellicienlly holding this position as he did tiie other ollices with which the public lionored him, possessed the universal regard of his fellow-citizens. U[)on November 2, 1848, were united in mar- riage Daniel Upton and ^liss Mary E. Strong. The latter was born in Lansing, Tompkins County, N. Y., and was a daughter of Edward and Harriet A. (Egan) Strong, the former a native of Tomp- kins County, N. Y'. Her mother was a native of Johnstown, Fulton County, N. Y. Our subject and his worthy wife became tiie parents of two sons and one daughter. Edward S., the eldest- born, is a citizen of Lake Harbor, Midi.; Daniel, Jr., resides in Muskegon; Cornelia C. is the wife of Charles Pett, of Fernandina, Nassau County, Fla. Mrs. Upton, surviving, is a member of the Episcopal Church, but our siibject, clinging to the simple form of worship maintained b}' his ances- tors, was an Orthodox (Juaker, a devout Christian man, whose rule of life was to do unto others as he desired tiiem to do unto him. A true friend in the hour of need, a citizen of high principle and fidelity, the memory of the Hon. Daniel Upton will long be precious in tlie hearts of the many who knew and loved him. J <'il IfelLLIAM 11. STEVENSON, Postmaster at \/y/l F'"U'^^POi't, is a native of Onondaga County, ^7^ N. Y., and was born near the city of S^-r- acuse, Jul}' 31, 1830. He traces his ancestry to one of three brotiiers who emigrated to America in company with William Pcnn and settled in Pennsylvania, where the descendants for many generations resided. The family was prominent in the Society of Friends, and possessed the noble traits of character noticeable among the Quakers. The father of our subject, William Stevenson, was born in New Jersey, and emigrating to New York when a^-oung man spent his remaining ^-ears PORTRAIT A^■D BlOGRAPiUCAL RICCORD. 145 in that State, dyinsr in Cayu— 1 I II I I f I I I ^ I ' ■! /p^EOROK T. HITCHCOCK, the popular and ill f—^ elHcient Superintendent of Lake Michigan ^^^|l Park, ]\Iuskegon, ]Micli., is especially well adapted to meet the demands of the public position which he occupies with intelligent ability and a practical knowledge, clearly indicating that he is the right man for the place, and insuring to the city the proper management and supervision of one of the most charming garden spots of the State. Our subject is a native of Ireland, and was born in County Wexford Jlarcli 10, 1845. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Hitchcock, by nativity' an Englishman, when arrived at mature age removed to Ireland, where, remaining until his death, lie reared to self-reliant usefulness his son and name- sake, Thomas, the father of our subject. Thomas Hitchcock, .Ir., born, edupated and married in the Emerald Isle, was a man of earnest purp se, ener- getic and enterprising, and finally determined to tr}' his fortune in the rniled States. Crossing the 146 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ocean and landing safely upon American sliores, lie journeyed to Michigan and settled in IMu.-^ke- gou County, where he passed peacefully away af- ter a long life of husy industry, in 1H.H7. The mother, Ann (Keerfud) Uitclicoek. likewise a na- tive of Ireland, emigrated with her husliand and family to America, and died in 188,"), in Muskegon County. Our subject, spending tlie days of early boyhood in Ireland, there attended the common schools, and had arrived at thirteen years of age when he crossed tiie broad Atlantic with his (jarents, and, eight and a-half weeks upon the voyage, safely landed at last in Quebec, Canada. After settling with his father and mother in Muskegon County, George enjo3'ed the benefit of instruction in the excellent public schools of his home localit}*, and at a comparatively youthful age self-reliantly be- ginning the battle of life, found occupation in a sawmill, and for ten consecutive years ran a mill for the lirni of Ryerson & Ilill. Our subject at the expiration of this length of time embarked in the hotel business in Newaygo, and later success- fully conducted a grocery trade in the same town for three j-ears. In 1875 Mr. Hitchcock made Muskegon his permanent home, and not long after became Superintendent of the S. C. Hall Lumber Company, and held the responsible position for six years, giving faithful and intelligent service. In 1890 our subject was appointed Superintendent of Lake Park, and has full supervision of the work and improvements connected therewith. In 1869 George T. Hitchcock and Miss Fannie Bradley were united in marriage. She is a native of Connecticut, and a daughter of .Tolin Bradlej-, likewise born in Connecticut, and tlie descendant of a long line of honored New England ancestr}'. The union of our subject and his estimable wife has been blessed by the birth of one child, a daugh- ter, Margaret, an accomplished and attractive young lady, now the wife of Clarence Power. Mr. and Mrs. Hitchcock reside in a beautiful home pleasantly located at No. 230 Beach Street, Muske- gon. Our subject is fiaternally associated with the Maccabees, and alliliates with Tent No. 56. Politically, a strong Republican and an ardent ad- vocate of the part}', Mr. Hitchcock has neither time nor inclination to devote Iiimself to the cares of public oftice, but, a true American citizen, is dee])ly interested in both local and national issues, and in all matters ])ertaining to home enteri)rise and progress is ever ready to lend a helping liand. Mr. Hitchcock and hi.s wife are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. \y(j_^ ON. WILLl.VJI II. .MiKINSTRY, Repre- '1 sentative from the First District of Muske- gon County, and one of the most promi- ^^ neut members of the State Legislature, was born in Ypsilanti, Washtenaw County, Jlich., on the 1st of July, 1852. His parents, Hugh and So- phia (Clare) ]McKinstry, were natives respectivel}' of Ireland and London, England, the latter being a daughter of Edward Clare. Emigrating to Amer- ica, they sojourned in Canada for a short time, and thence removed to the United States, making settlement in Washtenaw County, Mich., in the city of Ypsilanti. In his boyhood our subject was a pupil in the public schools of Battle Creek, and afterward at- tended the High School in the same place. Upon leaving school, he learned the trade of a cigar- maker, in which he was engaged for some time in various i)laces in the State. His marriage occurred on the "ilst of October, 1874, and united him with Miss Delia, daughter of Charles G. Williams, a prominent citizen of Kalamazoo. Mrs. McKinstry was educated in Kalamazoo, and is an accom- jjlished and cultured lady, who has ever been a faithful helpmate to her husband and his coun- selor in everj- undertaking. For many years Mr. McKinstry has been closely identilied with the public affairs of the city and county, where he has resided since 1886. In pol- itics an ardent Democrat, he is one of the leaders of his i)arty in this section of the .State, and also takes an active part in Slate and national politics. In 1891 he was ai)i)ointed financial and reading POiniJ.Ur AM) UIOfJRAl'IlICAL UKCORl). 1 17 clerk in t!ic Stnte Leujislature, and was ic-elfcUMl cliinng llu" folh)wiiig year. lk> was chosen in 1892 as Keprescntative from iiis district for the House, and is still serviiifj in that capacity. Mr. McKinstry is especially active in all me.as- iires pertaining to labor organization, and took an important and prominent part in the discussion of the Congressional aiipointment and the re-district- ing of the State of Michigan. He was the can- didate on the Labor ticket, and wjis elected largely by the Labor vote. For the past twenty-three years he has been an earnest advocate of labor or- ganization, and a member of the Cigar-niakers' In- ternational L'nion. For several terms he has served as President of the Trades and Labor Coun- cil. As a citizen. Mr. McKinstry is progressive and public-spirited, and maintains a constant interest in ever}' enterprise calculated to promote the wel- fare of his fellow-citizens. lie is liberal in his views, keen in judgHioiit, and linn in liis convic- tions; altogether, one who would attain prom- inence in any community. lie and his wife have established a |>leasant home in Muskegon, and are held in the highest regard b^- all who know them. They are the parents of one child, a daughter, Sophia May, in whose education and training they take the warmest interest. / <& jkllAAXyi M. COMP.. a leading photog- \^ll '■''1'''^''' '""^' successful business man, long ^^ located in Muskegon, Mich., and a genuine artist, enjoying a large and rapidly extending pat- ronage, gives general satisfaction to his custom, and in his style and finish of work is second to none in the State. Mr. McCoinb is a native of Canada, and was born in Toronto August 28, 1841. His parents, .lames and Ann (Thompson) McConib, were born and reared in Ireland, and, the descendants of a long line of honored and useful ancestry, received excellent educations in their native land, where llifv .-illainid a mature age. Young, ambitious and enterpri->ing, they early re- solved to emigrate to America, and later made their permanent home in Canada. The father, a man of means and superior business ability', en- tered into mercantile pursuits, and, jjrosperous in his venture, amassed a comfortable competence. While our subject was yet but a young lad, the devoted father and affectionate husband passed away, entering into rest in the year 1858. The mother, surviving about seventeen years, and a woman of earnest purpose and high character, died in Ottawa, Canada, in 1875, mourned by all who knew her. She was the daughter of .lames Thompson, a man of broad intelligence, respected for his qualities as a man and citizen. Our subject was the ninth in a family of ten sons and daughters, of whom but four now sur- vive. During his early childhood, Jlr. McCoinb attended the common schools of his home localitv, but later learned the profession of photography, in which he is now an adeijt. He acquired his tiaining in art in Ottawa, Canada, and studied under the most skillful artists of the Dominion. In 1878, determined to try his fortune in the States, our sulijcct journeyed to Michigan, and lo- cated in Muskegon. He opened a gallery at No. 19 W. Western Avenue, which he fitted up in the latest and most approved style, and in his studio uses the modern appliances and the newest inven- tions for the exact reproduction of the face and figure. To the public Mr. McComb offers a choice variety of photographs, varying in size and prices, and is now making some of the finest life-size pic- tures ever shown in Muskegoii or the county. That he has been fully aiipreciated 1)3- the citizens of Muskegon is evident from the number of fa- miliar faces of people of note to be seen at various times in his gallery, as well as through the cabinets sent to friends far and near. From the first of his establishment here our subject met with gratify- ing success, and as the time ])asses his reputation as an artist especially successful in posing brings him a new and large variety of custom. In the year 1861 were united in marriage Will- iam McComb aiul ;\Iiss Isllen Walker, an estimable and accomplished young lady of Ottawa, C.-tnada, 148 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and daughter of James Walker, a lifetime resident of the Dominion. Our subject, fraternally asso- ciated with the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, is a Knight Templar and a member of the Consis- tory and Mystic Shrine of Grand Ka|)ids. The family residence is pleasantly located at No. 115 Peck Street, in one of the most desirable portions of the city. Mr. and Mrs. JlcComb occupy a so- cial position of influence, and h;ivc made many friends in tiicir adopted home, where our subject is now numbered among the prominent business men and substantial citizens. -^>-M-le one. Mr. Davies was united in marriage witii Miss Sarah N. Oa^- in Killinglj', Conn. She is a native of WashingUiu, N. H., and a daughter of Abner Gay, who w.as born in Dedhain, ,Mass. Her mo- ther bore the maiden name of Anna Warren, and was a daughter of Daniel Warren, who was born in the old firanite .State. The (iay family is of English origin, and probably- was founded in America in early Colonial da^ys. Jlrs. Davies ac- quired iicr education in Massachusetts. Four chil- dren were born of the union of our subject and his wife, three of whom arc still living, two sous and a daughter: (Jenevieve, wife of Lyman Pat- ten, of Muskegon; Squire \'., who is Secretary and Treasurer of the Davies Iron Works; and Reed S., who is now living in Chicago. In politics, Mr. Davies was a pronounced Re- publican, a stanch advocate of the party, for he believed in its jjrinciples and in protection for American industries. When called to his linal rest his loss was mourned throughout the com- munity. Through his successful business career he was enabled to leave his widow in comfortable circumstances. She still resides at No. 194 Clay Avenue, and is a highly esteemed lady. •^^E is, ■0 AVID MILNE. No name is more famil- iarly known in Ottawa County than that of Milne, and it is so thoroughly' inter- woven with its history that a work of this character would be incomplete without frc(iuent reference to some member of the family. The man from New York State has always been a jjotential element in the civilization and development of Michigan. No better blood was ever infused into pioneer life; no sturdier arm ever set about the task of subduing the wilderness; and no less vigor- ous mental aelivity could have made the State of .Michigan what it is. Mr. David Milne is one of tlie oldest settlers of Allendale Township and a man who, by his upright, honoiable career, has won the respect and esteem of all. This worthy representative of the old settlers first saw the light of day in Tompkins County, N. Y., his birth occurring March 'it, 1H:!'.». He was tlie only living ehild born to the union of Alex- i;.4 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. ander and Margaret (Scott) Milne, both natives of Scotland, he of Aberdeenshire and she of Had- dingtonshire. Alexander Milne was one of a fam- ily of six cljildren, four sons and two daughters, and was the first of the family to come to America, although all of them except one are now on this side of the Atlantic. He settled in Michigan in 1845, but previous to that had resided for some time in New York, and was there married to Miss Scott, who had crossed the ocean with her mother and four brothers a short time before. At the above mentioned date he came to Allendale Town- ship and purchased forty acres of land on section 22, paying for the same $2.50 per acre. The farm at that time was covered with heav}' timber and he began at once to clear it and build a house, mov- ing into the same in the fall of 1846. At this time only three families resided in the township be- sides our subject: Richard Roberts, John Hanna and Ephraim Pierson. Coming to this township with our subject were Alexander Scott, .lames Scott and their mother and sister. Tiiese indus- trious, enterprising pioneers went actively to work to subdue the wilderness and make fame and fortune for themselves. Later the brothers and sisters of our subject came over and settled in Michigan. When Mr. Milne first settled in the township, the nearest gristmill was at Grand Rapids, and the settleis look their grists there in skiffs, dugouts, steamers, boats, etc., on the river, daily trips being made there. The first year Mr. JMiliie and the Scott boys took a large whitewood tree and formed it into a canoe. This was two and a-half feet wide and twenty-six feet long, and in it the}' could can-}' a large cargo of provisions either from Grand Haven or Grand Rapids, both places being accessil)le. While clearing his land of tlie timber Mr. Milne made quite a number of shingles each year for three or four years, and then turned his attention almost exclusivel}' to farming, continu- ing this until the time of his death. He was then the owner of ninety-seven acres, with forty-five .acres well improved. He onl}' resided on the first farm he purchased for nineteen years, and then, selling out, moved down on (irand River, where he improved another farm. This he sold in 1882 and moved on the place where he received his final summons, which consisted of sixty-one acres on section 27. He was in his seventy -second year. His wife had passed awa.y in 1869. Mr. Milne was elected Township Treasurer in 1851, and served as .Justice of the Peace two terms ef four years eacli in succession. In 1855 he was elected Supervisor of this township and was re- elected five j-ears in succession. After his last term as Supervisor he was again elected to the office of Township Treasurer, which position he held for four or five years. This was from 1860 to 1865. Later on in life he was appointed Town- ship Treasurer, in the eaily portion of the winter, and at the election following was again elected and held that position for two or three years. He and wife were both members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church and were among the first Method- ists in this portion of Michigan. Thej' brought their church letters from New York and were in- strumental in forming the first Methodist Episcopal Church in Allendale. In the church records their names appear among the first. At the organization only seven persons joined: Rev, and Mrs. W. C. Comfort, Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Milne, Mr, and JM IS. Johnson Balcomand Miss Lucy J. Speer. Mr. Balcolm was the last of this band of pilgrims to pass aw.ay, and many remember with pride his efforts to elevate the condition of the new country. Mr. Milne was for some time the Sabbath-school Superintendent, but he only remained with the Methodist Episcopal Church for ten years, and then joined the Wesleyan Methodist, in whicli he was a Class-leader for a number of j'ears and iield other positions. David Milne received the principal part of his education in Allendale Tovvnshi|), and then for two terms attended Adrian College. Being the onl}' child, lie remained with his parents during their lives and was engaged with his father in agri- cultural pursuits. Like his father, he has alwjiys followed that occupation, but in connection has been engaged in other occui)alions, princijially teaching school throughout the county, lie was first elected to office in the township in 1861, being made School Inspector, and this office he held for four years. This position he has filled by election PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 155 several liraes since. In 1867 he was elected Justice of tLe Pciice, holding this position for four years, and before his term had expired he was elected Supervisor for one year. In 1876 he was elected Township Clerk. Since 1870 he ii.as filled the office of Justice of the Peace two years, having been ap- pointed lo fill a vacancy-. Miss Julia A. .Stone, who became liis wife on tlie 8th of October, 1867, w.as a native of the Empire Slate and tiie daughter of William W. and Saraii L. (Frencli) .Stone, natives respectively of Massa- chusetts and New York. Both families are of English parentage. The Stone family came to America previous to the Revolulionar}- War, and the great-grandfatlier fouglit bravely for inde- pendence. Mr. .Stone went from Massachusetts to New York when (if teen ^ears of age and came to Michigan in 1855. He was a farmer, and on .set- tling in this county carried on his chosen occupa- tion with success. He and wife were the parents of only two children, .hilia and James O., of this township. Mrs. .Stone died in 1852, in New York, and in 18(>-1 .Mr. Stone was married to Mrs. .lane Jessup, nee Beard. Mr. Stone passed away in 1891, when seventy years of age. He was a meuiber of the Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and in pol- itics was a Republican. Botii Mr. and Mrs. .Milne were working mem- bers of the Wesleyan .^lelliodist Churcli,he having been a member of the same since 1867 and she since 1891. Until recently he was a Class-leader in his church and he lakes a deep interest in all matters pertaining to the welfare and good of the church. He has been Church Clerk since 1876, when the church was built, and for (piite a nuinl)er of years was Trustee of the church. In lfi79 he was licensed as a local minister and has been recommended lu the .Michigan Annual Conference as a local traveling minister. He lias been a dele- gale from this circuit lo llie annual conference of his church three or four times, and attended the meeting in Grand Rapids in 1876, Allendale in 1878. PilUford in 1885. and Romulus in 1890. Mrs. Milne also takes a deep interest in her church and is an earnest Christian worker, one who tries to follow ihe teachings of the (Tolden Rule. Since 1879 she h.as labored in the .Sabbalh-school and has rarel.v missed a Sabbath, winter or summer. She is a member of the Woman's Christian Tem- perance Union, and was a delegate at Holland in 1889, and at Sparta in 1892. She is also Secretary of the Ladies' Aid Society. Jlrs. Milne is a lady of intelligence and culture and for three years was a very successful teacher in Ottawa County. For quite a number of years Mr. Milne was a leading Republican, but for many 3-ears he has voted the Prohibition ticket, and is an active worker in the cause of temperance. ~S] i-^-f^i ci^^ALMAGE P. COWLES, Clerk of Laketon /v^^ Township and a successful farmer of Mus- >s^^ kegon Counti", was born in Delaware County, Ohio, July 9, 1812. He is a son of Joel Cowles. an old settler of Laketorf Township and one of its most honored citizens, whose long and useful career has been characterized by probity, energy and industry, and who now, in his advanced years, lives somewhat retired from active labors. He was born in Oneida County, N. Y., August 28, 180G, and was a son of Joel Cowles, a native of Connecticut and farmer by occupation. Grand- father Cowles was the youngest child of llie family, and served sixteen days in the Colonial army at the close of the War of the Revolution. Grand- mother Cowles bore the maiden name of Susanna Pheliis and w.as a native of Conneclicut, where she was reared to womanhood in the town of Windsor. The youngest of eight children, Joel Cowles, Jr., was about nine years of age when he left New York and located in Delaware County, Ohio. There, in 1837, he married Miss PriscillaSmith,a native of New York, who died after becoming the mother of six children. They were: Delzon, Melvin and Edward, all of whom are deceased; Elmer, who resides in St. .I()sei)li, Mieli.; Talmage, the subject of this sketch; and Esther, the wife of Daniel Jenkins, of St. Joseph, this .State. The second marriage of ,Ioel Cowles united liini with Mi.ss Kli/.abeth Wil- kins,who was born in Guernsey County-, Ohio. They 156 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. are the parents of four cliildren: Emeline, wife of George King; Minnie,wlio marrierl Laughliii Burns; Lottie, the widow of Theodore Aley; and Bell, who is now in Chicago. After his first marriage, Mr. Cowles located in Delaware Count}', Ohio, whence he later removed to Indiana, and from there to St. Joseph County, Mich. In 1863, he came to Muskegon Count}- and located in Laketon Township, where he has since resided. He entered the land from the Goverment and now enjoys the distinction of being the oldest settler in the township. He built a small house soon after settling on the place, and then cleared and improved the land. He now owns one hun- dred and thirty acres, although at one time he had more in his possession. Politically, he is a Repub- lican and cast his first Presidential ballot for John Q. Adams; he also voted for W. H. Harrison in 1840, and for Benjamin F. Harrison in 1892. He has voted the straight Republican ticket ever since attaining his majority, and has voted at every Presidential election, with two exceptions. Talmage P. Cowles, the subject of this sketch, w IS the fourth in a family of six children, and was reared in Ohio until tiie age of seven years. He then accompanied his father to Indiana and resided in .Steuben County for two years, returning thence to Ohio. At the age of twelve years he came to St. Joseph, this State, with his father, and two years af- terward he commenced to work in the emploj- of others, being engaged in farming for some time and receiving his wages every mouth. In St. Joseph, Mich., April 1, 1864, he was united in marriage with Jliss Ursula Englc, wiro was born in St. Joseph County April 19, 1845, being the sixth among eight ctiildren born to the union of James and Margaret (Vincent) Engle. After his marriage Mr. Cowles resided in Burr Oak Township, St. Joseph County, IMicli., whence he came to Muskegon County on the 29th of De- cember, 1872, and located in the woods on the farm where he now resides. About four acres of the prop- erty had been cleared and it was not long before the remainder was under fine cultivation. For a time he made his home in a little log cabin, but later he built the substantial residence at present adorning the place. He and his wife ai-e the parents of two children: Julia A., widow of Henry Baars and the mother of one son, John H.; and James E., who is at home with his parents. The home farm com- prises twenty acres, upon which are raised the various varieties of small fruits. A Republican in his ))olitical belief, ^Ii-. Cowles lias ofhciatcd in various capacities and has held a number of local positions, to which he has been elected by his fellow-citizens. In 1891 he filled the position of Deputy Clerk, and has also served as Township Clerk, School Inspector, School Di- rector and Highway Commissioner-. He is a mem- ber of the Gi'ange, in the progress of which he is warmly interested. He is a man who takes an in- telligent intei-est in everything pertaining to the advancement of his community, and is a public- spirited and progressive citizen. E DWIN J. SMITH, an able attorney, elo- quent advocate and the present popular [V — ^ Postmaster of Whitehall, Muskegon Coun- ty, Mich., has for over one year discharged the duties of his present office to the great accept- ability of his fellow-townsmen and the general public. Mr. Smith was born at Grand Ka|)ids, Mich., November 14, 18.56, and was the son of James AV. and Sarah II. Lobdell Smith, widely known and highly respected residents of llie Wol- verine State. The father, a native of Ohio, ac- companying his parents to Michigan in 1853, made his home in Grand Hayjids, where he worked at his trade of a carpenter until 1869. At this latter date he removed to Muskegon, and there continued in business as a carpenter and builder until his death. James W. Smith was a man of excellent business abilit}', a true patriot, and served bravely as a soldier in the Tenth IMicliigan Cavalry. Enlisting at the breaking out of the Civil War, he was severely wounded and dis- charged for disabilit}', but later joined the infan- try, and, receiving the well-earned commission of a Lieutenant, served faithfully until the close of PORTlt^VlT AND lilUGUArillCAL liECORD. 157 the war. He cntererl into rest in Muskegon in the j'ear lb75. His devoted wife, and mother of our subject, was the daughter of Jolin I^obdell, a pio- neer citizen of Michigan, wlio, arriving from New York iu tiie very early days, kept tlie Lombard House at Wiiliamston, then one of tlie oldest and best hotels of the West. In 18(10 Mr. Lobdell lo- cated i)erm:uieiitl\' in tJrand Rapids and was num- bered among the prominent hotelraen of that thriving city. Esteemed by a host of friends, the maternal grandfather of Mr. Smith passed awa}' iu 1856. Mi-s. Sarah (Lobdell) Smith survived uiilii April, IS'.t.S, and throughout her life of bus}- usefulness was recognized as a woman of superior attain- ments, an earnest Christian wt)rkei-, who gave active aid in the cause of temperance. She was also prominently connected with the Woman's Kelief Corps, and took a leading part in the be- nevolent enterprises of her locality. To the two sons and daughters who blessed her home she gave loving care. Fred E., the brother of our subject, single, and a clerk in a store in Muskegon, died in September, ISyu. The sister, Ellie, now the wife of M. W. Decker, a prosperous contractor and builder of Muskegon, began to teach at the age of fourteen years, and, continuing iu that vo- cation, became one of the most highly valued in- structors of her present home. The first ten years of Edwin J. Smith's life were spent in the \n\- ley City, but he attained to manhood in Muske- gon, there receiving a thorough training in the newspaper offices. His principal preceptor in that line of work was the Hon. George C. Kice, of the Chronicle. While only a boy, our subject wrote a poem entitled "Pantheism," which, wide!}' read, was received with most favorable criticism. At sixteen Jlr. Smith furnished a series of articles for the Chronicle, which gained him an extended rep- utation as a local writer, but at eighteen he de- cided to avail himself of the oi)portunity for a thorough education and entered the Jluskegon High School, from which he was graduated four years later, having with honor completed a Latin- Scientific course. Mr. Smith immediately after leaving school be- gan the study of law under the Hon. F. \V. Cook, and was admitted to the lluskcgon County Bar. Later, upon motion of the Hon. John Fitzger- ald, our subject was admitted to practice in the United States courts. Since 1881 he has been a constant resident of Whitehall, where at the latter date he entered upon the successful practice of the profession of law. May 25, 1882, true to his instincts as a genuine newsjjapor man, Mr. .Smith became the proprietor of the Whitehall Forum, and, aided by this medium, was soon a leading factor in local and St:ite politics. A man of bright intelligence and a liberal Republican, he has taken an active pari in the conventions and local councils of his parly, and has for years been Village Attorney of Whitehall. May 7, 1892, ap- pointed Postmaster of Wiiitehall by President Har- rison, our subject has since devoted himself en- tirely to looking after this branch of Uncle Sam's affairs. The people of the town, appreciating his efficieucj', would be glad, regardless of politics, to see the present incumbent serve out his term of office. An energetic citizen, untiring and public- spirited, our subject has been closely- identified with all matters of local progress, and it was largely tlirough his determined efforts that the village acquired one of the best systems of water- works in the State. He gave the "Sylvan Beach" its name, organized an improvement company and in various ways maleriall}' assisted in needed improvements and enterprises. He was one of the charter members of the Sons of Veterans of Whitehall, of which he was First Sergeant. Fra- ternally, he is also connected with the Odd Fel- lows, and has been Chief Patriarch of the En- campment and Vice-Grand of the Subordinate Lodge, as well as Secretary. Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Jliss Minnie S. Floten, an adopted daughter of Attor- ney Henry Slater, of Muskegon. The pleasant home of our subject and his estimable wife has been brightened by the birth of three children, two daughters and a son. Edna, Euna and Norval. Next to these promising children Mr. Smith is proudest of his Latin-Scientific diploma, his certifi- cate of admission to the .State Bar and his commis- sion as Postmaster, which mark the upward prog- ress of a self-reliant man. Oursubjtct is handy with 158 rORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the pen and captured tlie "Blodget Special" first prize, in 1891 over sixty-five papers for the best article on the West Michigan Fair. He has un- bounded faith in the quick development of Mich- igan manufactures and agriculture, but he has a particularly strong belief in Muskegon County, which, with her rich resources and splendid lake- board, be thinks will soon be leading in the van, and in which he has found steadfast friends, with- out whom he thinks no man can accomplish his purposes. ? I \ I - y BARREN T. MARTIN has been identified with the best interests of Muskegon Town- ship for many years, and occupies a pleas- ant homestead on section 28. He was born in Ciiyuga County, N. Y., three miles from the vil- lage of Jordan, December 2, 1821. His parents were natives resi)ectively of France and the State of New Jersey, and the father died when W. T. was a cliild of two years, leaving a family of three children, of whom he was the second. His child- hood years were passed in New York, and his scliooling was principally obtained there. In his youth he was employed on a. farm, also engaged in llie sawmill business for many years, and worked on the Oswego River. September 22, 1846, occurred the marriage of AV. T. Martin to Miss Hannah Breed, who was born in the town of Clay, Onondaga County, N. Y., Fcljruar^' 17, 182.3. Her fatiier, James Breed, was b(un in Manlius, N. Y., and was reared in bis na- tive place, becoming a farmer. Her grandfather was one of three brothers who came to this coun- try in the "Mayflower." The mother of Mrs. Martin bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Kinney, and was born in Manlius, N. Y., where she was reared to womanhood. In 1817 she became the wife of James Breed, and with him commenced housekeeping in Clay Township, Onondaga Coun- ty. Not long afterward they removed to Hanni- bal, Oswego County, where Mr. Breed died at the advanced age of ninety years. His wife had passed awa}' at the age of forty-eight. Tlic}' were the parents of fifteen children, nine of whom grew to manhood and womaniiood, and eight of whom are now living. Mrs. Martin was the fifth child and third daughter in respect to age. At the age of thirteen she accompanied her parents to Hannibal Township, Oswego County, N. Y., where she was married. Immediately after his marriage Mr. IMartin lo- cated three miles from the city of Osborn, where for some time he engaged in the milling business. In 1854 he came to Michigan and at once located in Muskegon, where he secured employment in a mill. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union army, becoming a private in the Twenty-sixth Michigan Infantry, and serving until the close of the war. He participated in a number of engagements and was sunstruck while under march. He was in Washington, D. C, at the time of the assassination of President Lincoln, and was discharged at that city. Returning from active warfare, Mr. Martin lo- cated on his farm in Muskegon Township and re- sumed the peaceful pursuit of tilling the soil. He is the owner of a farm of seventeen acres, upon which are two houses; he also owns five residences at Muskegon Heights. Success has crowned his efforts and he is numbered among the most pros- perous of Muskegon's farmers. In his political afliliations he was formerl}' a Democrat, but is now an adherent of the principles of the Repub- lican party. He has held a number of offices in the town of Norton, Muskegon County, and has served as Justice of the Peace, Township Treas- urer, Koad Commissioner and School Director. Socially, he is identified with the Grand Army of the Republic at Muskegon. Mr. and Mrs. I\Lartin have been the parents of four children, three of whom, Josephine E., Eugene F. and Alson J., are deceased. Their only surviving child is Mary J., who married Joseph Donoghue, and is the mother of one child, R.ay Martin, now (1893) four years of age. In the social circles of this community both Mr. Martin and his excellent wife occupy high places and have the friendship of all their associates. For fifty-five years Mrs. Mar- %awt#' ^n^tyOO PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 161 till has been a faithful member of the Baptist Church and is a chailer iiiemljcr nf the Baptist Ciiurch at Muskegon, being one of tlie only two survivors among the organizers of the church. Mr. Martin is also identilierl with this denoniina- lion and contributes liberally of liis time and means to its support. IIARLES E. WYMAX. The philosophy of ' success in life is an interesting study and affords a lesson from which man^- can profit. In choosing a pursuit in life, taste, mental gifts and opportunity should be considered, as any young man who has a disposition to become a respect ible and useful citizen desires to succeed therein. In his chosen occupation as a lumber manufacturer, Mr. Wynian lias reached the top round of the ladder of success, and is to-day classed among the substantial and re|)resentalive business men of Grand Haven. The people of Ottawa County are familiar with his name, for he has resided among them for many 3'cars and has earnestly identified himself with every worthy en- terprise whicli has for its object tlie upbuilding of the city. Like many of the foremost business men of Grand Haven, ^Ir. Wyman is a native of the Em- pire .State, having been born in Ivssex County in the town of Schroon, February 10, 1«26. lie is a son of John and Abigail (I'otter) AVynian, llie former a native of Essex County, N. Y., born in 1806, and the latter of Pawlet, Vt. Mrs. Wyman 's father, Thomas Poller, was of English descent, his father having been born in New London, England Charles E. Wyman is the youngest of eleven chil- dren, six sons and five daughters, five of whom survive at the present time. He received his early educational training in the district school and later entered a seminary at Chester, N. Y. After leaving the schoolroom Mr. Wyman be- came interested in the manufacture of iron in Elizabeth town, Essex County, but at the end of two years he sold out. Later he engaged for a short time as engineer on a lake steamboat. In se- lecting his companion in life he chose Miss Harriet Reynolds, a resident of Northlield, Ohio, and a daughter of C3'rus Reynolds. After his marriage he followed agricultural pursuits for live years in Summit County, Ohio. From there he came to Michigan, and, settling in lUendon Township, Ottawa Count}', built a sawmill. This he con- ducted successfully for four years, when the mill was burned. He then began operating a mill at Georgetown and made consideralile money in the enterprise, but two years later disposed of the business and returned to the riiicke3e State. In 1865 Mr. Wyman returned to Grand Haven and operated a mill at the mouth of Grand River for four years, when it was destroyed by fire. He then erected a new mill a mile u|) the river and en- gaged in the manufacture of lumber in company with II. W. IJuswell, under the firm name of Wy- man (l- liuswell, the connection continuing for ten years, when Mr. Wyman sold his interest to his partner. Following that, ho, with others, bought a large tract of pine timber-land in Mecosta County, under the title of the Chippewa Lumber Company', and they were soon doing an extensive business. Later he bought a farm comprising five hundred and twenty' acres in Ottawa County and has been engaged in farming enter|)rises ever since. A wide-awake, thorough-going business man, he has amassed a fortune. He is one of the Direc- tors of the Grand Haven National Bank and is in- terested in many enterprises of a ])ayiiig charac- ter. To his marriage were born four children, as follows: Harvey P., Charles R., George R. and William P.. all of whom are active business men. _J \I(— ^ ZRA E. TVI.i;iv, an enterprising and suc- 11^ cessful dealer in real estate in Muskegon, •t^-^ Mich., is authorit\' on the values of inside and outside propert}'. In 1883, he purchased thirty- three acres in the suburbs, which in 1 88',) he platted 162 POKTRAJT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, out into town lots, now known as Tyler's Addition, and wl;icli he has made one of the most desirable portions of the cit3'. Our subject has been num- bered among the enterprising citizens of the West for man^' j'ears, but is a native of New England, and was born in Vermont March 11, 1848. The remote ancestors of the Tyler family were of Eng- lish nativity, butearl^y in the history of the United States a forefather settling among the rugged hills of New England founded the branch of the familj' to which Ezra E. belongs. The paternal grand- parents making their home among the Green Mountains of Vermont there reared their fam- ily' to thrifty industry' and usefulness. Lahan Tyler, the father of our subject, born, reared and educated in Vermont, married in his native State, and was numbered among the energetic and sub- stantial citizens of his home locality. The mother, Elizabeth (Marden) Tyler, was likewise the de- scendant of honored ancestors, old-time residents of Vermont, of which State she was herself a na- tive. The parents not very long after their marriage removed to Stoneliam, Mass., where the devoted mother died in 1876. The father yet surviving, makes his home at Lynn, Mass. ^Ir. Tyler was only one ^-ear old when his father and mother re- moved to the old Bay Slate, and theve spending the days of boyhood he attended the excellent schools of Stoneliam, but before the breaking out of the Civil War emigrated to the West. In 1863 he en- listed in Company' II, Third Michigan Cavalry, and was assigned to the division under Sheridan. Our subject actively participated ir. numerous decisive battles and skirmishes, taking part in the fights of Corinth, Island No. 10 and Shiloh. After nearly three years of faithful service, he was mustered out at San Antonio, Tex., and was honorably dis- charged JIarch 20, 1866, at .lackson, IMIch. Af- ter the close of the war, Mr. Tyler returned to Van Buren County. Mich., and after sonic length of time, employed in traveling through the farther West, in 1886 made his permanent home in Mich- igan, and bouglit a farm near .Mona Lake, Muske- gon County, and with energy enteicd into the pursuit of general agriculture and fruit culture. In 1844, settling in Muskegon, our subject pur- chased the bioad acres which now form Tj'ler's Addition, a charming suburb of ^Muskegon. Mr. Tyler is politically a Republican, and is in- terested in both local and national issues, being intelligently posted in the progressive move- ments of the day. He is fraternall}- a member of Lodge No. 92, I. O. O. E., and likewise belongs to Phil Kearney Post No. 7, G. A. R. Ezra E. Tyler and Miss Evaline Piper were united in mar- riage November 18, 1868. The estimable wife of our subject, in girlhood a resident of Kalamazoo, later making her home in Muskegon, is the daugh- ter of Alexander Piper, a pioneer settler of the State, widely known and highly respected. One child, a daughter. Birdie, has blessed the pleasant home. The attractive family residence, located on South Terrace Street, Tyler's Addition, is of modern design, handsomely flnished, and sur- rounded by a fine class of buildings, evidencing the rapid march of improvements in this quarter of the cit}-. -^-^=m>^r~( the soil, and in 183.3 he journeyed to Michigan on a prospecting tour, and in the pioneer da^s of 18.'i,j brought his family to the then far West and settled in Calhoun County, Mich, lie took u)) a small piece of land from the Covernment and bought other real-estate near Albion. William N., the only living son, was then a lad of eight years. The paternal grandfa- ther married at nineteen years of age Miss Libby liallou, who was born in Herkimer Countj', N. Y. She was the daughter of a Frenehnmn, and a niece of a celebrated sea-captain. The noted Methodist preacher, Ballou, was one of this same family-, as was also the mother of the late President Garfield. Five of the ten children of the paternal grandfa- ther are decea.sed, and their mother long since passed away. Our subject's father, William N., the eldest, was the possessor of more than ordinary ability' but had little opi)ortunit.y to gain an education, as he was earl^' obliged to assist his father in the support of the brothers and sisters who clustered about the family hearth. When only twenty j'ears of age he was united in marriage with Miss Lucinda Turner, the daughter of Elijah Turner, a farmer and the son of a once wealthy distiller whom the revenue laws ruined. The distiller, known as Judge Turner, was a prominent politician of his day and a man widely known and respected. It was in 1853 that Jacob li. Gee removed to Muske- gon County and made his home not far from Whileliall, and there upon the old homestead he is yet living. The (!ee family in the West repre- sent four generations: Jacob R., the only son of John J.; William N., the oiil}' living son of Jacob R.; James J., the only living son of William N., and thechildren of James J.: Carl, Merle and Lynn. William N. and his family came to JIuskegon Count3' in 1865. lie has ))een a successful general agriculturist and fruit-grower and has accumulated a comfortable competence. lie has been a member of the Mtithodist Kpiscopal Church since 18.J7,and is and has been a life-long temperance man, being identified with the Prohibitit)n i)arty. He has never accepted a political ollicc. liuL has been a Trustee and for many years a Class-leader in the Methodist Kpiscojial Church. In the parentid father were live children, one dying in infancy. Kmma, the eldest living, was for fifteen years a successful teacher in the pub- lic schools. She is an active worker in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and is a clear and forcible writer, strong in argument, and choice in diction. A maiden lady, she makes her home with her parents. Clara married G. A. Sumner, formerly a merchant, but now cultivating one of the fine fruit farms of J.J. Gee; Cora Rird, the youngest girl, was a graduate of Whitehall High School and died in early womanhood. James J., our subject, attained to adult age upon his fath- 164 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. er's farm. He was fourteen years old when, in 1865, his parents came to Muskeoon County. He completed his education in the Whitehall High School and afterward taught for one year. Later he entered the hardware store of P. Morse \lierc he was born on the Dtli of August, 1843, being named in honor of his wortiiy father, whose life was devoted to tilling the soil in his native land. When the subject of this sketch was about two years of age he was left fatherless, he being tiie youngest of five children born to his parents. As a youth he possessed an original and active mind, and being of a rather adventurous disi)osition and an inquiring mind, he looked below the mere surface of things and was considered a promising lad. In 1851, he, in compan}' with his widowed mother, who is still living at the advanced age of ninety years, in full possession of physical and mental vigor, crossed the broad Atlantic to the United States, and with her settled ih Allegan County, Midi., where his earlj* schooling was ob- tained. In 1862, he entered the preparatory de- partment of Hope College, at Holland, in which he took the full classical course, graduating in the year 1868. Very sliorlly after leaving school he en- gaged in teaching, and during the three years that he taught in the district schools of the county he made an enviable record for himself as an educator, and gained much practical knowledge of the re- quirement* and duties of a successful instructor. At the end of that time he was elected Assistant- Professor of Mathoinatics in his Alma JLiter, and in 1878 was made Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics, which position he held until 1885, when he became Professor of Applied Mathematics and Political Economy, and also had charge of the Chair of Logic. The duties of these positions he filled so ably, so cheerfully and to such purpose that in 1893 he w.as elected President of the col- lege, a position iiis fine and cultured mind and his past experience as a disci|>linarian eminently fit him for. Although the friend of all his pupils and their sj'inpathetic adviser, he commands their utmost respect, and accordingly- system and order are among the rules of his institution. He has l)roven himself to be the right man in the right place, and that the college is a popular one is at- tested by the fact that it is largely patronized. Prof. KoUen was married in 1879, Miss jMary W. Van Raalte becoming his wife. She was a daughter of Rev. Dr. A. C. Van Raalte, the founder of Hope College and of the city in which it is located, and a sketch of whom will appear in another part of this volume. Prof. Kollen is a strong Protectionist and has taught that theory in his classes of political economy for many years. He is therefore in sympathy with the Republican PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ic; party in his political views, and whenever occa- sion requires supports the men and measures of that party both by precept and example. The col- lege at the head of which he stands was estab- lished by the Reformed Church of America, of which Prof. Kollen is a member, and in whicli he is one of the Klders. Me has frequently' been a delegate to the several synods ami attended the last meeting of tiiat body at Asbury Park, N. J. He takes an active interest in everything that per- tains to the growth and development of the city of Holland, is an active member of the City Improvement Association, and is one of the Di- rectors of the First .State Bank of the place, in mannei-s the Professor is genial, cordial and gen- tlemanly, and is an e.isy, fluent and interesting conversationalist. He has a pleasant smile and a kind word for everyone, and is highly respected, not only by the faculty of the college, but by the citizens of Holland generally*. *-^^l JOHN GILLHK.SPY, a prosperous general agriculturist, a member of the Township Board of Kcpiaiization and one of the oldest ,;j_5^ living English settlers of Chester Township, Ottawa County, Mich., was born in Westmoreland, England, November 18, 1828. He w.-is the fifth ol* the eight cliiidi-cn born unto the union of Thomas and Mary (Cass) (Jilihespy, natives of England and descendants of a long line of British ancestry. I'lic fallier was steward for a Mr. "Wilson, and held the position until his death. A part of the Cass family earl^- made their home in America, some of them settling here before the War for Imlependence. The maternal grand- father of our subject, John Cass, removed to Canada, where he died, but two of his brothers had preceded him to America long before his arrival in Canada. The father of Mr. (iillhespy died when our subject was but ten years of age. Of the children in the parental family, Thomas, deceased, was the eldest; Ann, deceased. was the wife of John Boynlon; Mary is tin- «iil.iw of Joseph Fitchett; Thomas (second) is deceased; John is our subject; James was killed in 1862, at the battle of Murfroesboro; Barbara is the widow of John Boozer, who was killed at the battle of Bentonville, N. C; and Thomas (third) is a citizen of this township. After the death of her husband, the mother, in 1845, emigrated to Canada, and in 1850, removing to the States, located on the same section of land where our subject now re- sides, and where she improved a farm. She died on the place in 1857. John Gillhesp3-, a little lad when his father died, attended school until eleven years of age, when he went on a farm in England and worked for three and a-lialf years. His emplo^'cr, Mr. Manzer, paid him about *35 per year. When nearly fifteen years of ageoursubject accompanied his mother and family to Canada, and there assisted in the care of the home farm for two and a-half years. I'pon the l!)th of March, 1818, ]Mr. Gillhespy came to Michigan, but soon after journeyed to northern Wisconsin, where he en- gaged in lumbering, running rafts and doing similar work for one and a-half years. In the fall of 184!), again arriving in ;\Iii-higan, our subject lumbered on Mill Creek for a while, and in the spring of 1850 ran logs from Port Huron to Detroit. He then went to Canada for his mother and family, and after returning with them for tlic succeeding three years was employed in lum- beiing. He also jobbed for some time for ]\Ir. Cole, and (hiring the winter and summei was engaged in taking the minutes of pine land for various linns. In 1855, resigning from the timber l)usiness, ]\Ir. Gillhespy removed to his present farm, which then consisted of eighty acres of wild land, to which he has since added forty acres. A log house, hewn smooth in the inside, was his lirst improvement, and in this primitive building he resided for some time after his marriage. August 15, 1855, were united in mirriage John tiillliespy and Miss Lovina Field, a native of St. Eawrence County, N. Y., and daughter of Edward and Eliza (Fuller) Field, who emigrated from the East to Micrhigan in 1850, and settled in Ottawa County. Mr. Field and his family were numbered 168 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. among the prominent settlers, and both the father and motlier of Mrs. Gillhesin- passed awa3' in tliis county, deeply mourned bj' all who knew them. Mrs. Field died in 1854, but Mr. Field survived until 1890, reaching the advanced age of eightj'- three. He and his excellent wife were the parents of five children. Lovina was the eldest; Harriet, deceased, was the wife of H. Ililliard; Jolin II., deceased, died in the arm}- during the late war; the fourth child died in infancy; and Albert is also de- ceased, hi 1851* our subject and a ISIr. Patterson erected on the farm a sawmill, which had water power and carried an upright saw. Tliis mill Mr. Gillhesp3' conducted until 1887. In 1875 he built his present attractive and commodious resi- dence. Mr. and Mrs. Gillhespj- began life on the farm with but very little capital save their hope, cour- age and stout wills, and could sum up their possessions in the land, a log house and yoke of oxen. At first the wife assisted her husband in the out-door work, and aided him in clearing until the countrj- became more thickly settled and they could afford to hire hands. Of their home farm of one hundred and twenty acres, one hundred and five are in a high state of cultiva- tion, and, aside from this property-, Mr. Gillhespj' has one hundred and forty acres of land in Chester Township, eighty of wliich are under profitable cultivation. Eleven children have with their bright presence blessed the home. The sons and daugiiters are: Ann, wife of William Pierce; Franklin; Pollen, wife of Thomas MorIe\-; Eleanor, wife of Adam River; Etlilenia, the wife of Jacob Host; Jolin; .lames; Amelia, wife of Edward Kelly; Loviim. wife of George Joblon- ski; William and George. Ellen and Eleanor are twins. Our subject and his good wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are prominent in the social and benevolent work of the denomination. They are also both worthy members of the Patrons of Industry. Frater- nally, Mr. Gillhespy is associated with Ravenna Lodge No. 355, 1. O. O. F.; he has filled all the chairs of the order, and is now Representative of the lodge to the Grand Lodge at Lansing. Jlrs. Gillhespj' is a Kel)ecca degree member. Aside from his present public work as a member of the ; Board of P^qualization, our subject has efliciently discharged the duties of Highway Commissioner, and fully commands the high regard of all his fellow-townsmen. c^ $+^i 17 ORENZO PILLEN, of section 23, il (^ Township, Muskegon Countj', is one 'JL^ large land-owners of this locality. ORENZO PILLEN, of section 23, Dalton e of the A na- tive of Canada, his birth occurred at Kingston in 1830. His father, George Pillon, a native of Lan- cashire, was of humble parentage, and early in life, being obliged to make his living, learned the weaver's trade. He was only eighteen years old when he went into the British army, enlisting in the service for life, lie was a faithful soldier for more than eleven years and took part in the great wars with France and Napoleon. He was never wounded or taken prisoner, but at length became dissatisfied with armj- life and after paying ^80 managed to secure his discharge papers. After this had been effected he removed to Kingston, Canada, where for several jears he was a servant. He was there married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Simon and Mavv (Walker) Hough, and who was born in Canada. Simon Hough was a refugee at the time of the Revolutionarj' War and was a Torv. He received eight hundred acres of Government land, two hundred of which fell as an inheritance to our subject's mother. Mr. Hough removed to Victoria County and brought up his familj' on a farm. He afterward returned to Kingston to live with one of his children. At the time of his death he was ninety-two j'ears of age, and was a member of the jNIethodist Episcopal Church. His wife passed away in her scventy-eiglith year. Lorenzo Pillen is the third in his father's family of nine children, the others in order of birth be- ing .lohn, Adolphus, Charles, Parker. Henry; Fi- notta, deceased, wife of William Tool; Hannah, wife of Davis McLaughlin; and .Julia Ann, wife of Peter Van .Mk-n. Our subject received much '-►♦'»<7 PORTRAIT AND BIOT. RAPIllCAL RECORD. 171 of his education in the district schools and was early familiarized with the routine of farm work. For several years he turned his attention to the painter's trade, hut linally devoted hiinsi'lf to ag- riculture. In 18Gj Mr. I'illen settled at Komeo, Mich., where he remained only a year. It was in 1866 that he located on his present farm, where his first purchase was one of one hunch'ed and sixtj' acres of wild land. As the years passed, he continually bought tracts of land, improved and otiierwise, until he had in his possession the deeds of twenty fort^'-acrc farms. In addition to gen- eral fanning and investments in real estate, Mr. Pillen h.as been extensively engaged in milling and the lumber business. His judgment is univer- sall}' correct in regard to investments, and, there- fore, his opinion is much sought after by his friends and neighbors. In 1853, Mr. Pillen was united in marri.ige, in Canada, to Miss Abigail, daughter of Benjamin and Susannah Williams. Five children grace their union: George; Susannah, wife of George Rice; ■John; JIartha, wife of Martin Kb^'; and William II. The members of this family arc justly num- bered among the best citizens of the count}'. Recognizing his business ability, the neighbors of our subject have several times shown their wisdom in electing Mr. Pillen Treasurer of Dalton Township, and his able management of affairs has been alike creditable to himself and to thein. For three terms he has capably filled the position of Township Supervisor. The vote of Mr. Pillen is invariably for the nominees 'of the Republican party. AMI'KL MAFFKTT, the affable and ener- getic Treasurer of the city of Muskegon Heights, is a prominent real-estate man, and possesses extended information and thorough knowledge of outside and inside prop- erties. From his early youth a resident of the Wolverine State, he enjoys a wide acquaintance 8 ' and intimate association with the leading inter- ests of his present locality. (Jur subject is a na- tive of Dutchess Count}', N. Y., and was born June 2.'), 1831. His paternal grandfather, Robert Maffett, emigrated from Ireland to America at an early day, and settled in the State of New York, where he reared his family. The father of our subject, Samuel Maffett, Sr., was born in the iCmpire Stale, where he passed his entire life, dying in tiie natal j-ear of our subject, 1831. 1^3' trade a miller, he was successful in his business enterprises and gained a competency. He was a man of ability, industrious and upright, and was highly respected by all who knew him. At his demise he left to tlie care of his wife, Mary (Frost) ^Maffett. their son, Samuel, then an infant. The mother, also a native of Isew York, grew to womanhood amid the associations of childhood, and remained in that Stale until after her second marriage. During the childhood of our subject, he re- mained in the New York home and attended the excellent public schools of the neighborhood. In 1844. when thirteen years of age, he journeyed to the West with his mother and step-father, and, set- tling in .Jackson County, Mich., enjoyed the ad- vantages of more extended study. Later he learned the trade of a millwright, which business he prosperously conducted for more than two- score years. In 1868, locating in Muskegon, he secured employment as a millwright, in which oc- cupation he .achieved a comfortable competency and laid the foundation for greater i)rosperity. For some time he has been interested in the hand- ling of a large variety of real-estate deals and has been prominently connected with the promotion of numerous enterprises tending to the development and upbuilding of Muskegon IIeii>ht.s. In 18.")2 were uiiilod in marriage Samuel Maffett and IMiss Ruth Holmes, a native of New York, and the daughter of .lohii Holmes, a long-time and highly esteemed residi'iit of the Kmpire State. The union of our subject and his most estimable wife was blessed by the birth of three children, two sons and one daughter. Charles and .lohn are both deceased; Nellie is the wife of C. H. Dawes, of Muskegon. Tiie pleasant family resi- 172 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, dence of Mr. and Mrs. Mattett is desirably located upon the corner of Maffett and Delano Streets. Politicall}' a Republican, Mr. Maffett has taken a high 'place in the local councils of the party and has occupied with distinction various offices of trust. As a member of the School Board he has materially aided in tlie advancement of educa- tional progress by encouraging the development of a higher grade of instruction and scholarship. In 1892 he was elected Village Treasurer of Muskegon Heights, and through his faithful discharge of offi- cial duties has won the confidence of the entire community. ■ » ■ > > M * I fc y ' ? I ' I » > Wj?ILLIAM M. McKILLIP, an enterprising and prominent citizen and a retired lumber- man of Muskegon, Mich., who for two-score years active!}' engaged in business in the Wolver- ine State, has acquired a handsome competence and materially aided in the rapid growth of the vital interests of Muskegon County. The early home of or subject was in Washington County, N. Y., where he was born February 12, 1822. His parents, David and Mary (Mc Lean) McKillip. long-time and well- known residents of the Empire State, were of Scotcii ancestry, the families having early emi- grated to the United States, where the\- took a leading place among the honest, industrious and law-abiding citizens to whom the pros|)erity of our country is due. The fallier was born in New York, and received his education and youlliful training in iiis native State, where he married and passed many years of usefulness, engaged in tiie occupa- tion of a carpenter and builder. The maternal an- cestors of Mr. .McKillipcame from the Old Countrj- to New .lersey about a century ago, the grandfather, James McLean, having been born in that State. Our suliject passed tlie days of boyhood upon his father's farm and, attending the district school of the home neighborhood, obtained a good rudi- mentary education. Energetic and self reliant, Mr. !McKillip at the age of fourteen began life for himself, and, de- termined to make his own waj' in the world, set about acquiring a trade. Having learned cooper- ing, he decided to try his fortune in the broader fields of the West and, journeying to Ohio, settled in Summit County, working at his trade in that lo- cality for the succeeding two years. In 1846. at- tracted by the business prospects of Chicago, our subject made his home in the Garden City,where he continued for five years, meeting with ready and re- munerative employment. In 1851, Mr. McKillip lo- cated in Traverse City, Mich., and was superinten- dent of a lumbering company until the fall of 18G1, when he returned to Chicago and for four j'ears resided in tlie AVestern metropolis. In the spring of 1865, our subject went to the Upper Peninsula and took charge of several sawmills, continuing there for two years, handling the extensive lumber interests of John S. Reed & Co., a pioneer lumber firm, with headquarters at Chicago, la the earl\- part of 1867, locating in Muskegon, Mr. McKillip became superintendent of Cliapin, Marsh it Co.'s Mills, manufacturers of lumber, and for fifteen years retaining iiis responsible position gave great satisfaction to the firm, who thoroughly appreciated his business ability- and energy. From 1881 to 1891 he was a member of the firm of McKillip & Co., of Manistee. Mich., engaged extensively in manu- facturing lumber. In 1853 were united in marriage William ^I. McKillip and Miss Emma J. Hopper, of Chicago, daughterof (icorge Hopper. The union was blessed by the birth of four children, three of whom sur- vive. George H., a leading citizen, is the present Recorder of Muskegon; iMaiy J. is the wife of C. O. Padly; Hattie is married to W. II. Mann, of Muskegon. Financially prospered, our sul)ject is a stockholder and Director of the Lumberman's Na- tional Bank of Muskegon, and is likewise a stock- holder and Director of the Muskegon Booming Company, having been prominently connected with the latter organization for many years. The home of Mr. and Mrs. JNIcKillip, one of the best in the city and located at No. 1 1 1 \V. Webster Street, is the abode of hospitality and the scene of many a re- union of old-time friends. Politically a stanch Kcpublican, our subject takes an active interest in PORTRAir AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 173 both local and national issues, but lias never bnen in any sense of the word a ixilitician, iiis earnest efforts throu<(Iiout his successful career having been devoted to tlie demands of a large and prosperous business. +^i*^s* ylLl-IAM FAV, the enterprising wholesale paper dealer and printer of Muskegon, Midi., handles .lapanese napkins, station- ery, lead pencils, and nianila fibre and otiier wrap- ping papers, fine and coarse. Horn in Hampden County, Mass., January 80, 1821, our subject was the son of William II. Fa}-, Sr., a native of Massa- chusetts and a pioneer settler of Ohio, where he passed many years and died in 1882. The mo- ther, Mary (Looniis) Fay, was likewise born in Hampden County, Mass., and was the daughter of Uriah Loomis, who was of English ancestry, and who in a very early day in the history of our country made his home in the old Bay LState, and later actively engaged in the Hevolulionary War. Our subject was only an infant when, with his parents, he journeyed to Ohio, where he remained until 1819, receiving a good common-school edu- cation in the free schools of the home district. In 1849, then about twenty-eight years of age, ftlr. Fay went to the South and located in Mrginia, where he entered into railroading, and continued in that employnient for several years. He later established a shipyard at Hiehmond, Va., and con- ducted the business until 1862, when he was ar- rested by the Confederates and imprisoned for a time in Richmond, and w.is later transferred to Salisbury, N. C, where he was kept a prisoner for over a year. Wuring this time he was in Salis- bury, from Ma\' I to September, 1862, and was im- prisoned with five hundred other wretched crea- tures, two hundred and thirty-nine of the number starving to death. From .September 1, 1862, until .January 1, 1864, Mr. Fa}- remained a prisoner in Hichniond, then, released, went into the secret service department of the Federal army and engaged as a scout in the Confederate camps. He met with many nar- row oscai)es, at one time having a rope placed around his neck, saving himself only bv strat- egy. He remained in tiie secret service until the close of the war, and when the struggle was ended returned again to Ricliinond. Our subject was with Gen. Butler as aid and guide from January- until June, 1861, and with Gen. Grant at Cold Harbor did valu.-ible service for the Union cause ill and about llichmoiid until October 16, 1864. At this latter date Mr. Fay returned to Gen. But- ler, who was occu[)ying the north side of the James River, near Cantrill's line. Our subject continued witii Gen. Butler until he was succeeded by Gen. E. O. C. Ord, and was then at the service of the latter until the surrender of Richmond. While with (irant our subject ke[it up a daily cor- respondence between Richmond and the Union lines. Mr. Fay, who performed invaluable work for the Government, was greatl}' assisted by his wife and friends in Richmond, and in the performance of his dangerous duties became acquainted with Sec- retary of War Randol|)h. While under Gen. Ord, our subject, possessing a thorough knowledge of the people, their customs and the country thereabout, captured a number of prisoners at various times, and now owns two guns and a pistol he took at one time from his prisoners. After tiie fall of Richmond Mr. Fay conducted Gen. Wetzel's arm}' into the city, and, riding at the head of tiie column, became intimately acquainted with all the generals who occupied the old South- ern cit}'. These commanders were Gens. Deut, Hallock, SchoHeld, Stoneman, Terry and Patrick. During the occupation of Richmond Mr. Fay saved the life of (ien. Hallock, wiio was about to become the victim of an assassin. After peace was assured our suliject was appointed Inspector of the post of Richmond, and held the posi- tion until the trial of President Andrew John- son. Mr. Fay remained in Richmond .until the year 1884, and was one of the grand jury which indicted Jeff Davis for treason. In the year 1884, making his permanent luune in Mu.-kegoii, he entered into liis present line of business, 174 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ■wliicb he has since prosperously conducted. Po- litically a stalwart Republican, our subjoct has been a member of the party from the first daj' of its formation. In 1852, in Richmond, Va., were united in mar- riage William Fay and Miss Eliza T. Hicks, a na- tive of the Old Dominion and daughter of Pleas- ant Hicks. Four living daughters and two sons, deceased, have blessed the home. Georgie is the widow of Edward T. INIerrill, of Muskegon, and is prominent in the Woman's Christian Temperance Union work; Alice is the wife of Lewis C. Scull, of Muskegon; Mary is at home; and Mattie is em- ployed as a book-keeper in Muskegon. The cheerful and attractive family residence, located at No. 77 San ford Street, is the scene of many pleasant gatherings of friends, the home being the abode of hospitality. Few men did the amount of dan- gerous service for the preservation of the Union which fell to the lot of Mr. Fay, who never found a path too dangerous to tread, and never fal- tered wlien duty urged him to an effort which in- volved life and death. The remembrance of his devotion to the Federal cause is a precious legacy ■with which he may endow his children, a bequest more enduring than houses or lands. . '■'•'g); ^>^^ C ^^^EORGE J. TILLOTSOX, Vice-President of III J— ^ the Lakeside Manufacturing Company, of ^^^j Muskegon, is well and favoralily known throughout the county and is esteemed for his many excellent qualities of mind and heart. Tiic firm with •which he is identified conducts an extensive saw and planing mill and box-factory business, the sawing cai)acity being about one hundred and twent v-(ive thousand feet, and the annual output aggregat- ing some eighteen million feet. Tlie l)()x depart- ment manufactures for the general wholesale trade, doing a business of about ^100,000 in that line. The affairs of the company are in a highly pros- perous condition, its sound business methods hav- ing secured for it a wide .acquaintance and good standing in the commercial world. The business was originally cstalilished in 18^i3 by Hunter, Tillotson & Co., who were superseded by the Tillotson it Loveless Company, with a cap- ital slock of $2.j,O0O. In IHUO, this (irm was bought out by P. P. Misner, who.se interests were merged with the present Lakeside Company, which was or- ganized in iMay, 1891, with a capital stock of $:}0,()00. The officers are, J. W. Moon, President; George .1. Tillotson, Vice-President; P. P. Misuer, Secretary'; and W. W. Barcus, Treasurer, all well- known business men of Muskegon. The original of this notice was born in Saiatoga County, N. Y., November 11, 181U. to the union of David and Sally ( Hamlin) Tillotson. The mother was born in .Saratoga County, N. Y., and was the s^ PORTRAIT AND BIOGR^vrillCAL liECORD. 183 llio pnreiits was lilev tlie l)ii-lli of brijrlit siiul intuUigeiit c'liildreii, wlio weio left fallieilcss ;il a very lender age. Jainan K. was tlie eldest son and second child of tlic group which once gathered about the fireside of the old New York Slate home so tnauy changing years ago. Our subject, reared in his birthplace, attended the schools of the neighborhood during his child- hood, and later received more advanced instruc- tion in an academy at Springville, ]S'. Y., there completing with honor a course of study. As he attained to a self-reliant manhood, he ambitiouslj' determined to begin his business career in the farther West, where he hopefully looked forward to making his fortune. In ISGo, journeying to Michigan. Mr. Strong came to Muskegon, and not long after his arrival obtained employment in a mill in Montague, where he remained two years, and later was variously engaged in the differ- ent departments of the lumber business for some length of time. In 1887 entering upon the manu- facture of shingles, our subject two years later, in 1889, received into partnership Mr. McHride, with whom he has since profitably conducted business upon the present site of the shingle mill, which now furnishes an immense product to a large and rapidly increasing trade. Our subject in serving his apprenticeship to his present business was en- gaged for three years in logging in the Upper Peninsula. In 1888, Mr. Strong established his factor}- in its present location, and built a shingle mill and shops. His extensive factor}' has a capac- it}- of two hundred thousand shingles per day, and employs a large force of men regularly. Jaman K. Strong and Miss Sarah K. Crane were united in marriage .luly 1, 1878. The estimable wife of our subject was a resident of Montague, and a daughter of Curtis C. Crane. One child, a ])roniising son, Harold C, has blessed the union. Tiie pleasant home is desirably located at No. 139 Harrison Street. I'olitically a Republican, our subject is well posted in the current affairs of the day, and is deeplv interested in local and national issues. Mr. Strong has one brother living, the Rev. Leroy Strong, a Methodist Kiiiscopal minis- ter of Albion, N. Y. His sister, the wife of Nathan Wilder, resides in Van Huren Countj-, Mich. Our subject, now numbered among the leading manu- facturers f)f Muskegon County, may with pleasure review the struggles and triumphs of a life whose manly, earnest efforts have been so abundantly crowned with well-earned success. MANUEL M. DUTTENHOKER, the ener- getic and enterprising superintendent of the Eagle Tanning AVorks, Whitehall, Mus- kegon County, Mich., is a native of Ann Arbor and was born December IG, 18(;.'). His parents. Christian and {icrlrude (Scliuli) Duttenhofer, were among the early settlers of the Wolverine State. The father was born in the Province of Wurtein- berg, Germany, in IX.'i.'i, and was the son of Chris- tian Duttenhofer, a lifetime resident of the Father- land and a stonemason by trade. The paternal great-grandfather was an honored Lutheran min- ister, and with his sons and daughters spent his en- tire life in his native land. The grandfather hav- ing but very limited means, his children early fit- ted themselves for the battle of life. The father of our subject enjoyed but the most limited oppor- tunities for an education in the Old Country and when quite young went into a machinc-shop.wherc he remained until he was nineteen years of age. Young and ambitious, he finally decided to try his fortunes in America, and with but a small cap- ital crossed the broad Atlantic and, safely landing in the United States, proceeded directl}' to the State of Michigan. Desiring to locate in Ann Arbor, he was obliged to borrow twenty-five cents with which to pay the expenses of the last few miles of his journey. Christian Duttenhofer at once received emjiloy- ment in a tanneiy, and, learning the trade, worked at it steadily for two years, then spent the suc- ceeding two years in different places in the West, but at last returned to .Vnn Arbor. In this latter city, in 18.')U, were united in marriage Christian Duttenhofer anil Miss Oertrnde Schuli,also a na- 184 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tive of Wurteraberp:, Germany, born in 1840. The motlier came to Ihis country when a child with her parents and settled in New York State, where her father tilled the soil and remained until his death. Previous to this event, however, the estimable mother of our subject made Michig'.in her home. Mr. Duttenhoffr owned a small farm near Ann Arbor, and there he and his wife settled and together side by side aided each other up the hill of life. For twenty-five years the father of our subject continued at his trade, and five j'ears of this time was proprietor of a tannery, which he built upon his farm. In 1878 he removed to Ypsilanti, where he operated a tanner}- for a time, and in 1882 came to AVhitehall, where he is en- gaged in the duties as foreman of the yards of the Eagle Tanning Works, of which liis son, Emanuel M., has the full charge. The father is a devout member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and, a man of high principle, is a stanch Prohibitionist. His brother William was a soldier in the German army and later, emi- grating to America, journeyed to California and was lost sight of by the other members of the fam- ily. Of the brothers and sisters who gathered in the home of the parents, .lulia, the eldest, married August Coors, a Methodist preacher at Clare, Mich. Henrietta married Uriah Tower, who is a merchant and the PostmastiT at New Duluth, .Alinn. Nellie, a graduate of the High .School, and (iustavus Adolph, a bright student, are both with tlieir parents. Emanuel M., our subject, was edu- cated in the High School of Ann Aibor, and as- sisted his father on the farm, later learning all the details of liis present line i)f business in the tan- nery at Ypsilanti. In 1882, he made Whitehall his iiermanenl location and for four years was em- ployed in the tanning works of wiiich he is now the valued superintendent, and in which responsi- ble position he has given faithful service for the past seven years. Jlr. IJultenhofer is justly num- bered among the rising young business men of AVhitehall. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Churcii and active in religious work and enterprise. P'raternaily, our subject is connected witii the Ancient Free it AcceiJted Masons and po- litically is a Prohibitionist. For four^-ears he has been a member of the Board of Equalization and, possessing executive ability, has in this official work given great satisfaction to the general pub- lic. Our subject is yet unmarried and makes his home with the other members of liis father's fam- ily', all of whom occupy positions of usefulness and command tlie high regard of man}- friends. V. ^^^USTAVHUBE 'If ,— _ Haven Manuf ■^Ol' Haven, Mich ^^USTAV HUBERT is manager of the Grand ifacturing Company, of Grand Mich. The firm manufactures wagon jacks, shears, punches, celery' plows and does a general blacksmithing and wagon repair business. Under the able management of our sub- ject this business is now in a flourishing condition and the company enjoj's an extensive trade. Mr. Hubert is a native of German}-, his birth having occurred in 1846 in Prussia, where the days of his boyhood and youth were passed. He attended the common schools in accordance with the laws of his country until fourteen 3'ears of age and then began serving a four years' apprentice- ship to the blacksmith's and wagonmaker's trade. He is therefore now a practical workman and, as he thoroughly understands the business, is capable of managing and dii'ecting others. Having ar- rived at man's estate, he determined to seek a h(mie in the New World, and in 1869 crossed the brin}' deep, landing in New York. He did not tarry long in the Eastern metropolis, but made his waj' at once to Kent Count}', Micii., and has since lived in this State. There he sought and se- cured employment at his trade, which he foUovved until the year 1871, wiien he came to Grand Haven. Here he lias since resided. Forming a partnei-ship with his father-in-law, August Hubert, lie established the works of the Grand Haven Manufacturing Company- and has successfully con- ducted the business up to the presont time, doing a good local trade and receiving many orders from foreign markets. Our subject invented and pat- POKTIIAIT AND lilOGRAl'IIICAL RECORD. 185 cnted the "Boss" waijon jack, wliicli he now m.in- ufactuies and which is meeting with a good sale. In 1892, he patented the celery plow, another of his inventions. It is used in the cultivation of celery, one of the chief products of Michigan, and has proven quite successful. In 187.3, a marriage was celelirated in Grand Haven whicli united tiie destinies of our subject and Jliss August.i Hubert, daughter of August Hubert, wlio is Treasurer of the (Trand Haven Manufacturing Company. Unto them has been born a family of seven children, two sons and three daughters, who in order of birth are as fol- lows: Matilda, Bertha, Henry, Annie and Freder- ick. The two deceased are Edward and Theresa. In politics, Mr. Hubert is a supporter of Dem- ocratic principles, but h.is never been an aspirant for otHcial preferment. He cares not to enter the political arena, desiring rather to give his en- tire time and attention to his business interests. He possesses considerable inventive genius, is a painstaking and thorough workman and is now en- joying a well-deserved success. He need never have occasion to regret leaving his native land and coming to America, for lie has found in the New World a comfortable home, a good business, has gained prosperity and has made many pleas- ant friends, who esteem him highl}' for the many excellencies of his character and his sterling worth. =^>^^<^^ 1 m 'OHX J. BITHFIR, a leading business man and enterprising proprietor of the Union Tea Company of Muskegon, Mich., carries a com- plete lintT of the choicest teas handled in the United .States. He also deals largely in the best grades of coffee, likewise offering a handsome stock of queensware. Catering to the deiriaiids of a large city trade, our subject enjoys an ex- tended custom, reaching out into the surrounding country. Mr. Hither, fiorn his childhood inti- mately associated with the growth and upward progress of the 'Wolvcriuc State, is a native of Columbia County, N. Y., and was born .I:inuary 30, 18.t7. His father, John Bitlier, a native of Germany, reared and educated in the Old Coun- try, had arrived at mature age befure. bidding adieu to the familiar scenes of youth. Ii>' emigrated to the United .State. He made bis home in New York until about thirty >ears of age, and. a man of industrious thrift and enterprise, was numbered among the substantial residents of Columbia County'. The mother, Frances (Spath) Hither, born in Germany, was the descendant of a long line of sturdy ancestry, and from her childhood trained into habits of self-reliant usefulness, was well fitted when she arrived at womanhood to as- sume the cares and responsibilities of married life. Children blessed the pleasant home of the par- ents, and in Columbia County Mr. Either received his first schooling in his home district. John J. completed his studies in the public schools of his new home, and in 1877, beginning life for him- self, located permanently in Muskegon. Ho re- ceived a training in the handling of merchandise in the store of Albert Towel, and continued in his employ for two years, making a wide acquaint- ance and gaining a knowledge of business methods. For a twelvemonth after he worked for Frank Alberts, and then received a position in the gro- cery house of W. II. Fletcher. In 1886, Mr. Bither ambitiousi}' embarked in business for himself, then opening a fruit bazaar at No. 12 Jefferson Street. During the latter part of 1886, our subject en- gaged in his present business in partnership with Mangold & Hess, the firm name being i\Iangold, Hess & Bither. The partnership profitably en- dured until 1889, when the present firm of Man- gold ifc Bither bought out Mr. Hess, and have since prosperously conducted a tea and coffee bus- iness, one of the best in its line in the county-. In 1887, .lohn .1. Bither and Miss Dema Lamp- man, of Allegan, Mich., were united in marriage. The estimable wife of our sul)ject, an attractive and accomplished lady of worth and high intelli- gence, possesses the confidence and esteem of a wide circle of friends. The pleasant home on Western Avenue has been cheered b}' the pres- ence of a bright little son, Lyman. Financially 186 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. prospered, our subject has won his own way self reliaully to an assured position of useful influ- ence. His time is mainly devoted to the cares of business, and he may well be proud of the fine establishment which, 85x22 feet, presents an array of wares attractively arranged. Al- tliough not a politician, Mr. Billier, as a good citizen, takes an active interest in llie vital ques- tions of the day, and, ever ready to lend a lielping liand in maters of local enterprise, is esteemed a liberal-spirited citizen of executive ability and superior business attainments. ^., ILTON THOMPSON, an energetic farmer iW and efficient Supervisor of Holton Town- ship, Muskegon County, Mich., cultivating a fine homestead pleasantly located upon section 15, is a native of the Wolverine State and, born in Ray, Macomb Country, in 1829, has for more than three-score years lieen a constant wit- ness of the wonderful growth and rapid develop- ment of Michigan. Our subject is the son of Na- thaniel and Susannah (Sauthcrland) Tlioraiison, pioneer settlers of the West. The father, a native of Yates County, N. Y., was reared upon a farm and engaged in the tilling of the soil all his life. Remaining with the paternal grandparents until he had attained to manhood, he enjoyed a limited education in the jirimitive schools of that time. Tiie father had no capital with which to hcgin life, but self-reliantly won his own way in the world. He was married in New York to the daughter of David iSautlierland and subsequent to this event engaged with courage in the War of 1812. Into the parents were boin seven children: Joel, deceased; Maria, deceased, wife of John Plunkett; Robert, deceased; Hannah, deceased, wife of Jo- seph Sautlieriand; David, deceased; Hhoda, who died at the age of nineteen; and Milton. Polit- ically, the father was a life-long Democrat and an ardent advocate of that party. la 1821, the parents emigrated to Macomb County, Mich., where the father bought tliree hun- dred and twenty acres of Government land, and be- fore he received much benefit from his hard lal)or passed away, in the year 1831. His good wife, surviving him manj- years, some time after his de- raise married Alexander Tackles. Our subject re- mained at home with his mother until nearly twenty-one years of age and worked at the trade of a carpenter to a limited extent. Mr. Thompson owned at various times different farms in Jlacomb County, and for nine years devoted himself to the manufacture of agricultural implements in Romeo. Not being successful in that venture, in 1877 he located in Cedar Creek Township, Muskegon County, where he remained for five 3'ears, then set- tled upon his present farm. Of the one hundred and sixty acres, eighty acres are cleared, cultivated and under excellent improvements, with a good dwelling, substantial barns and outbuildings. Our subject was married in his native county to IMiss Martha M. Bernard, a daughter of Asahel and Mary (Dean) Bernard. Of the eleven children who blessed the home of our subject and his wortliy wife two died joung. Alice married Charles L. Stoddard. Herbert N. was the second in order of hirth. Mary S. became the wife of A. J. Parker; Homer, Irwm, Nettie (wife of S. G. Fr30ver), Schuyler, John and Gertrude complete the list of sons and daughters. Mr. Thompson served with fidelity during the late Civil War, enlisting in November, 18G2, in Company G, Kiglith Michigan Cavalry, and fought under Gen. I>urnside in the Army of Ohio. Our subject actively participated in the siege of Knox- ville, and was [irescnt when Morgan w.as captured after a long |)ursuit. Mr. Thompson took an act- ive part in the engairenienls of Campbell Station, Lenore Station, Strawlierry Plains, and lilaiue's Cross Roads. He was then placed hi(), PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 193 Ottawa County; Henry and Philip F., both of the same township; Fredericka C.,wife of JohiiUlmer, of Ottawa County; Elizabeth, wife of John Ritz, of Ki'ut (.'ounly; Barbara and C'hira,bolh at lionie. The parents are members of the I^utlieran Cliureh, and are inVliiy respected people, who hold an enviable position in social circles where true wtiitli and intelligence arc received as the passport into j;ood society. During the late war Mr. Miller served as recruiting officer of liis town- ship. In politics, he is one of llie proiiiiiieiit nienibors of the Democratic party in Ottawa County, and has been lumored with many local offices. For eight 3'ears he was Township Treas- urer, and for fourteen years wa.s Highway Com- missioner. His long-continued service is a high testimonial to his fldelity to dulj-. In 1872, Mr. Miller made a trip to Germany, and pleasantly spent several weeks in renewing the acquaintances of his youth and visiting childhood scenes, but he is content with America as the land of his abode, for here he has found a pleasant home and met with prosperity. ,^:S^5iS^ ^ii-^"i^l:IM^%# (|4_^ ON. WILLIAM CARPENTER, theable City Attorney and eloqufut advocate at the Bar of Muskegon, Mich., is junior partner of the successful legal firm of Runker A- Car[K'nter, and is widely known as a man of excellent judicial abilit3- and high attainments. Our subject, a na- tive of Chautauqua County. N. Y., was born .luly G, 1853, and was the son of William A. and Laura (Smith) Carpenter. The father was a native of Massachusetts and a descendant of intelligent New Englanil ancestors. The mother, who was a native of New York, aiul the daughter of Cyrus Smith, a highly respected citizen of that State, re- ceived an excellent education in the home of her childhood. The father, energetic and enterprising, cmbarke(l in the mercantile business and was va- riously emploi'cd for a time, but in 18.')7 deter- mined to locate in the West, and with his family journeyed in an early day to Michigan and made his home in Saginaw. He remained tliere until 1872, when he removed with his wife and children to Farwell, Mich., and there engaged in handling merchandise. William Carpenter was the second of the three children who blessed the home of the parents. He spent the days of boyhood in attend- ing the common schools of his home neighborhood, and later received a course of instruction in the High School, completing his studies with honors. Mr. Carpenter later taught school, engaging in the vocation of an instructor for about one year. In the mean time he improved every available op- portunity- to increiise his stock of knowledge by readingand observation, also by studyingand read- ing law, and spent one year in Farwell. In the fall of 1870 he entered the Slate University and took a thorough course in the literary and scien- lillc department, graduating with honor in the year 1877. Imracdiatel}' upon the completion of his course in the University, Mr. Carpenter entered upon his duties as Principal of the High School of Alpena, Mich. During the following year our subject kept books, and also pursued his studies, and was more or less engaged in reading law un- til the year 1871), when he was admitted to prac- tice at the Bar of the State. Later, entering the law department of the State University, Mr. Car- penter made still more extended preparation for his professional career and graduated from the law department in 1880, receiving his degree. Locat- ing permanently in .Muskegon, in the year 1887 he formed a partnership with Robert E. Bunker, and the linn entered upon a prosperous career, attain- ing to an enviable reputation and enjoying a large practice in all the courts of the State. In the mean lime, in 1881, William Carpenter was honored by an a|)pc)inlnienl to the Bench of the Probate Court to lill the vacancy caused by the death of .Judge Wylie. Occupying the otlice with efficiency, our subject gave faithful service to the people of the county. For two years Mr. Car- penter discharged with ability the duties of City Attornc3', and, in the year 1892 re-appointed, is now serving the general public in that capacity. In politics he is a Republican, and is prominent in the local councils of his party, and takes a 194 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. high place in city and State conventions, being recognized as a citizen of executive ability aud clear judgment. December 26, 1883, wore united in marriage William Carpenter and Miss Harriet Woodruff, of Farwell, and daugliter of Henr}' Woodruff. Two daughters have brightened the pleasant home at No. 55 Peck Street. Our sub- ject, financialh" prospered in the duties of his pro- fession, is also engaged in outside interests and is Secretary and Treasurer of the Weigiiing-Truck Company. A self-made man, winning his own way upward. Judge Carpenter commands the confidence and high esteem of his fellow-townsmen and the general community' of Muskegon County. ,,.. LBERT MEARS, a leading mercliant. ex- ( ^/Jl ! tensive property-owner and oldest pio- /// li) ncer settler of Whitehall, was born near ^ Boston, Mass., September 1.3, 1821, and was tlie youngest of the six children of Nathan and Lucy (Livingston) Jlears. The Mearses were well known in New England long before the War of Independence, and the father was a direct de- scendant of an old Portuguese family. Nathan Mears was a manufacturer and hotel-keeper of tiie old Bay State, and, li\ing witliin easy distance of Boston, was one of tlic wealthy men of liis local- ity. Lucy Livingston, the mother, was of remote English ancestry-, her forefathers having landed upon the shores of New England with other pas- sengers of the "Mavflower." Tlie parents of our subject both died while he was very 3'oung, and the family soon after scattered, the four brothers and one sister now living in Chicago. Albert went to live with the man appointed as his guard- ian and who looked after his interest in his father's large estate. Our subject, constantly in school, had at sixteen years received a liberal ed- ucation, and in 1837 came to Michigan, to which State his elder brothers liad preceded him. Ed- win Meare, an enterprising man, early journeyed to the West, and, thoroughly' patriotic, enlisted during the late Civil War, dying in the hospital at Quinc\', III., during his term of service. Charles Mears came to Michigan in the earlv '30s and located large tracts of land on White Lake and in different parts of the lake regions, in time be- coming one of the most extensive himbcrnien and Ijrominent merchants of the Wolverine State. He located and laid out the town of Whitehall, then named Mears in his honor. He made a fortune in his business, and is now and has been for many years a resident of No. 345 Ohio Street, Chicago. Nathan Mears was also one of tiie leading lum- bermen of Michigan and still controls large inter- ests in the State, also being a prominent Chicago ca]jitalist, residing at No. 87 Cass Street. He is yet in active business, but his son mainly manages his extended interests. Lucy Mears married .John Baldwin, a prosperous lumberman and heavy real-estate dealer, as well as a capitalist and money-loaner, of Chicago, where he died some years ago, leaving a large fortune. His widow- makes lier home at No. 3852 Lake Avenue, from 1837 to 1852, our suliject continued in business in Whitehall, then called jMears, and in Paw Paw, be- ing thoroughl}' successful in iioth places. In 1843, Albert Clears and Miss Mary Helen 'I'urner were united in marriage. Mrs. Mears was born in Mex- ico, Oswego Count}-, N. Y.. May (>, 1824. Her father, Samuel Turner, horn in the Empire State January- St, 1798, passed away in Ue Witt, Mich., October 23, 1848. The Turners date their history in this country back to the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, (irandfatlier .lolin Turner was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and an uncle, Joseph Turner, was a soldier in the War of 1812. The father, Samuel Turner, w.as a wheelwright bj' trade and emigrated to Michigan in 1836, locat- ing in Paw Paw. Mrs. Mears' mother, in maiden- hood Miss Ann Griswold, was born in New York State February 17, 1798, and died in Sacramento, Cal., May 20, 1859. The Griswolds also date the arrival of their ancestors in this country from the landing of the "Mayflower." Mrs. Mears, who was the eldest of the family, had four brothers and one sister. Edward A. Turner was born July 16, 1827. He journeyed to California in 18.'i2. and died there .hily 15, 1860. PORTR^UT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 195 Henry T. Turner, born August 14, 1829, died in infancy. Cliarles R., born April 8, 1831, went to California in lSo2, and there was lost siy:iit of. Ann Eliza, the sister, horn Keliniary o, 1835, died March 10, 1844. Samuel F.. hnni.Iune 2.'), 1837, was a well- known miner of Nevada, and was killed hy the eav- in<^ in of his mine, July 17, 1K78. Jlr. and Mis. Mears, in company- with a large party, consisting of a number of families, among whom were the brother and mother of our subject, crossed the plains to California. After a three-months tiip they ar- rived at wiiat is now Placerville. Mr. .Mears, pos- sessing a modest foitune left him by his father's estate, engaged in mining and invested in other ventures on the Pacific Coast with unprofitable re- sults, and after leaving the larger part of his mone}' in the Golden State, returned to Michigan, via the Isthmus, and engaged in the mercantile business in AVhiteiiall. Since that time our sub- ject has been continuously prospered and during the |)almy days of the lumber business in ^Vhitehall rapidly' amassed a competence. After a time he gave the most of his attention to his mercantile interests, but has also continued in lumlieiing and various other enterprises. When Mr. Mears re- turned to Michigan in 1861, he began the hand- ling of merchandise in the store at the foot of the street, and has remained in that old landmark ever since. A public-spirited and energetic man, our sub- ject was an important factor in building up and extending the interests of Whitehall. Including the Mears Hotel and other valiialtle property, he owns a large amount of real estate in AVhitehall and the near vicinity of tlie village. Mr. Meais possesses one of the finest farms in the localitj' and has expended over *20,00(l upon its improve- ments. He finds much enjoyment in his beautiful twenty-acre lake, well stocked with fish. Our sub- ject was one of the founders of the bank in White- hall and was President and Vice-President of the bank, but for the past few years has simply been a stockholder and Director. Politically, Mr. Mears has been a Rei)ublican from the first day of that party's organization. He was the first Postm.astcr of Whitehall and has served with efficiency as Supervisor of the township, and as President of the Village Board faithfully aided in local prog- ress and needed improvements. Fraternally, our subject has for forty years been connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has been a representative in the Grand Lodge. He is admitted to be one of the best-posted Odd Fel- ows in the State, but is now demited. He is also prominently connected with the Ancient Free & Accei)ted Masons, being one of the most highly valued members of that ancient order. Mr. and Mrs. Mears were blessed by the birth of two children, both now deceased. George Albert, born January 27, 1849, died March 24, 1850. Helen C, born October 4, 1852, attained to adult age au accomplished and attractive young lady. She married Dav id R. Hopkins, and bore him one child. Albert Mears Hopkins, who was born Oc- tober Ifi. 187r>,and died May 4, 1880. Mrs. Hopkins died March 4, 1H82. Bereaved of their children and grandchildren, our subject and his devoted wife received the sjinpathy of many true friends. .Mr. and Mrs. Mears upon January 2(;, 1892, cele- brated their golden wedding, the magnificent en- tertainment being given at the Mears Hotel. This social occasion was a notable event in Whitehall, and among the beautiful souvenirs presented to our subject was a solid gold-headed cane, hand- somely and fittingly engraved, and a valuable mementt) of the brilliant occasion. The host and hostess, who had for fifty years walked together side by side, received the hearty good wishes of a host of friends endeared by the association of many pleasant years. ARTIN V. PERLEY, who is foreman of the Hackley & Hume Lumber Company, of JIuskcgon, comes from the northeast corner of the Union, being a native of Cumberland County, Me. He was born July 23, 1838, and on the paternal side is of English de- scent, while on the maternal side he is of Irish au- 196 PORTRAIT AJSTD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. cestry. His grandfather, Abram Ferley, was born in the Pine Tree State, and liis father, George Perlcy, was also a native of Maine. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Hannah Low. She. too, wus born in Elaine and was a daughter of .Judge Low. We now take up tlie personal liistory of our subject, knowing that it will prove of interest to many of our readers, for he is widely and favor- ably known in iNIuskegon County. His boyhood days were quiet!}' passed in his native State, and at the age of twenty-one lie obtained a position in the counting-room in the commission house of his uncle, .Jonas II. Perley. The "West, howevei', furnislied attractions for the ambitious and enter- prising young man, and in August, 1862, he came to INIichigan, locating in Big Rapids. He formed a ijartnersliip witli Charles Merrill, Jonas Perlej' and Thomas W. Palmer, under the name of Perle^' & Co. This firm engaged in the lumber business and the connection was continued for ten years, wlien our subject sold Ins interest and purchased a sawmill, which he carried on for several years. In 1864 JIartin Perley was united in marriage witli Miss Ellen M. Ruddiman, daughter of George Ruddiman, one of the pioneer settlers of Muskegon. Tlieir union was blessed with a daughter, Mary Kllen, who resides with her father at No. 303 AVestern Avenue. The mother was called to the home beyond in March, 1889. In 1868 Mr. Perley was appointed County Treasurer of Muskegon County for a term of two years, and so acceptably did he fill that oflice that lie was elected in 1870 for a term of two 3'ears. Oil leaving that position, he was employed for several 3ears with the firm of Buslinell, Wallace & Reed in the lumber business, after which he was superintendent of the shingle null of O. P. Pills- bury (fe Co. for two years. In 1882 he became fore- rnan of the Hackley & Hume Lumber Company, with wliich he has since been connected. Mr. Perley is ever faithful to the interests of his employers and can therefore alwa^'s command a good and paying position. He is alike true to every public and private trust, and his faithfulness and fidelity- have won him universal confidence and esteem. Our subject exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the Republi- can party. He takes considerable interest in Ma- sonry and is a member of Lowell Lodge No. 182, A. F. & A. M.; Muskegon Chapter Xo. 47, R. A. M.; and IMuskegon Commandery No. 22, K. T. Edu- cational, social and moral interests find in him a friend, and his support and co-o[ieration aie never withheld from any worthy enterprise. ^ SAIAHGOODENOW. For more than a quarter J! of a century this gentleman has made iiis It, home upon tlie farm in Tallmadge Townsiiip where he still resides, and to the cultivation of which he devotes his attention. Upon coming to Ottawa County in 1866, he purcliascd one hundred and twenty acres, which he cleared and improved. As time passed bv he added to his property until lie became the owner of three hun- dred and ninety-three acres of fine land. He en- gages extensively in raising grain and also cultivates small fruits with considerable success. Born in Sandy Creek, N. Y., on the 1st of Ma}', 1832, our subject is the son of Edward and Mary (James) Goodenow, natives respectivelj' of New York and Wales. When Isaiah was six months old, his parents removed to Erie Count}-, Pa., where the father followed agricultural operations until his demise, in 18.J2. Our subject was the third youngest child born to his parents, and in his boyhood was the recii)ient of such educational ad- vantages as were afforded by the common schools of Erie County. He was an observing lad, thoughtful and studious by nature, and availed himself to the utmost of ever}- opportunity of in- creasing his fund of information. Much of his time in youth was spent upon his father's farm, where he assisted in tilling the soil and garnering the grain. At the age of twenty years, bereaved by the death of his father, our subject started out upon his own responsibility. He proceeded to Illinois, and for eleven years followed farming pursuits in Will PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 197 County, whence he leturned to Pennsylvania and sojounitd there for one year. Not lin(iing things there as lie had expected, he again sought a home in the West, and came to Michigan, making the overland journej- with a team. Arriving in Ottawa County in 1866, he settled upon one luindred and twenty acres where he now resides, and where, as above stated, lie engages extensively in raising fruit and grain. A very important event iu the life of Mr. Goodenow w.ns his marriage, which occurred in 1858, uniting him with Miss Gertrude Niskern. Mr. and Mrs. (loodenow were the parents of the following-named children: Cora, who is at home; Warren K., who conducts farming pursuits in South Dakota; Frank, May, Florence, Walter and Charles, who reside wiiii their parents. Thej' oc- cupy positions of prominence in social circles, but are not identified with any religious organization, although Mrs. Goodenow was inclined toward the doctrines of the Lutheran Church during her life. She died .March 7, 1892. As every public-spirited citizen should, our subject Utkes an active interest in the welfare of his community and contributes to its material progress. In politics, he is a Dem- ocrat, and alwaj'S gives his support to the candi- dates of that p-jrty. Socially, he afHIiates with Berlin Lodge Xo. 218, A. F. & A. M. !)[IOMAS .1. G. BOLT, a progressive, public- ^'(^S' spirited citizen of Moorland and one of «^^ Muskegon County's large laud-owners, w;is born in Devonshire, Kngland, April 16, 1848, be- ing the son of George W. and Jenuina (Guscolt) B(;U, natives of England. Ills father, who was a farmer by occupation, emigrated to America in 1857, and after sojourning in New York C'ity about six months, he removed to Canada and set- tled near the cil}' of London. In 1858, having sold liis inteiests in Canada, he traveled exten- sively over the Western country with the view iif looking up a suitable location for a home. He fi- nally settled in Ottawa County, Mich., and there remained until death terjninaterl his career in 1886. Ills wife, now eighty-three years of age (1893), resides on the old homestead in Ottawa County. Of eleven children, nine of whom are now liv- ing, the subject of this biographical notice is the eighth in order of birth. He comiileted his edu- cation at Belmont, Canada, and Giaiid Rapids, Mich., and at the age of twenty-one commenced to teach school, continuing thus engaged for a num- ber of years. He has taught twentj'-one successive winters in Kent, Ottawa and Muskegon Counties, and, being a good disciplinarian, as well as a man of broad culture and extensive information, he has achieved the highest success in his profession. Ills interest in educational matters has been deep and unflagging, and his influence has done much toward elevating the standard of education in this community. He has served as Township Super- intendent of Schools during the entire period of that ofHce, and has also been School Inspector for a number of years and School Commissioner for two years in Muskegon County. In 1875 Mr. Bolt was united in marriage with Miss Ola, daughterof Joseph and Harriet (Wyliss) Minnich, natives of Ohio. Three children were born of this union, Louis J., Ada F. and Lucius P., who are bright and intelligent, inheriting the studious qualities of their father. The daughter, at the age of eleven, received a first-grade teach- er's certificate at Muskegon, and the sons are also well-informed and studious. In polities a stanch Republican, Mr. Bolt has for a number of years been prominently connected with all the political affairs of the county, and has been chosen by his fellow-citizens to represent them in various local ollices of trust and res|)onsibility. His popularity is proved by the fact that he has rejiresented Moorland Township on the Board of Suiicrvisors of Muskegon County for a period of ten years, during nine of which he received every vote in the township. In regard to social connections, Mr. Bolt is identified with the .Masonic fraternity, the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows, and for the past sev- enteen years has been a member of the Independent 198 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Order of Good Templars. lie is the possessor of five luiiulred and lliirty-sevcn acres of farming land, the larger portion of vvhich is well improved. In addition to his landed possessions, he is the owner of the comfortable and substantial resi- dence he now occupies, and which he erected in 1892. His business career lias been such as to win for him the confidence of his associates, and, socially, his genial, generous disposition has won for him a host of warm friends. •^^E ^^ ON. CHARLES L. BRL NDAGE. Few J' possessions are more valued and wished for than strength, but it is not generally considered that only through long, patient and continuous effort can it be attained. It is thought of rather as a happy accident, or a native gift to be passively grateful for, than as a natural ai.d certain result of toil and striving. liodil^' strength, for example, the infant gains through constant motion, the boy through active pla3', the man through toil and burden. This is equally manifest in moral and mental strength. The strong mind is one which has accumulated power through hard mental activity. Much earnest study, much effort of thought, have combined to give it that vigorous force and elasticity which to its possessor is so valuable a boon. We look with pleasure upon the man thus favored. We admire Ills clear thought, his sound judgment, his keen discrimination; we envy the ease with which he ditucts the points of an argument, or solves an in- tricate question, or applies a principle, but we do n(;t see, and seldom even imagine, what toil and jiatieucc may have been the source of his admired strength. The one whom all men honor for his virtue and integrity, to whom wrong-doing oflfers no attraction, and who performs each duty as it arises, apparently without effort, has not gained this power by treading paths of ease. The ob- stacles overcome, the trials which have been so bard to bear, have called forth the fortitude and heroism which are parts of every noljle nature. It has come to him through effort and sacrifice, and the more it has cost, the greater the reward. lion. Charles L. Brundage, present State Senator for the Twent3-third District of Michigan, com- posed of Muskegon and Ottawa Counties, is a na- tive of t!ie Empire State, born in Bath, Steuben County, in August, 1830. He is the son of Matth- ew Brundage and the grandson of Abram Brundage, who was of English descent. Matthew Brundage was a native of the State of New York, and was a farmer b^* occupation. He selected his wife in the person of Miss Almedia Knickbocker, also of New York, and of Dutch descent. The original of this notice was the second son in a famil}' of ten chil- dren born to his parents. He passed his 3-outh in Allegany Count3', N. Y., where he secured a fair education in the common schools, and in 1849 attended Alfred Academ3-, afterward Alfred Uni- versity, from which institution he was graduated in 1854. Following this he entered the State Normal, at Alban3', N. Y., and was graduated in 185.5. He then became Principal of the public schools of Angelica, N. Y., and was thus occupied for several years. In 1854 Capt. Brundage mar- ried Miss Frances A. Piatt, of Allegan3- County, N. Y., but a native of Connecticut, and the daugh- ter of .Joseph Piatt. Three children have been given them: Fred, a wholesale druggist in Muske- gon, Mich.; Lottie, at home; and Anna, wife of Edward Latimer, of Muskegon. In 1862 he en- listed in Compan3' G, One Hundred and Thirtieth New York Infantr3% under Col. Alfred Gibbs, and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. On the organization of the regiment in 1862 he was commissioned First Lieutenant, and on the 9th of November of the same year he was commissioned Captain of his company. In 1863 the regiment was transferred to the cav- alry and became the First New York Dragoons. Our subject continued to serve until 1864, when he was discharged on a surgeon's certificate for disabilities received in theservices. Returning to New York, he was elected School Commissioner, a position he held for six years. In 1870 he was appointed railway postal clerk, running from Dunkiik to New York City, and held that posi- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 201 tion for tliiee years. The yvni 1874 found liim located in Muskegon. Mich. , wlicre he embarked in the dnij;; trade, whidi he carries on at the pres- ent time. The stock is always full and complete, pure, fresh, and of standard quality, embracing ever^-lliing |jcrtaining to a tir.>t-class drug store. In his political views the Captain is a Republi- can, and iiis first Presidential vote was for Col. .John C. Fremont, in 1856. He takes a deep inter- est in local, State and national politics. In 1892 he was elected State Senator, with a majority of eleven hundred and lliirty votes on tlic Hcpubli- can ticket, running about four hundred ahead of his ticket. Wliile in the Senate, he served on a number of important committees. He is a mem- ber of Muskegon Lodge No. '.12, I. (). (). F., and is also a member of I'liil Kearney Post No. 7, G. A. R.. being a delegate to the National Encamp- ment at Detroit. For two terms lie was a member of the Council of Administration of the Depart- ment of Michigan. He has a good, substantial residence at No. 80 Terrace Street. t,^r?=^EORGE F. OUTHWAITE, a leading citizt ,— - of Muskegon, who entered into rest Fc 1^1 ruary 3, 181);{, was for many years one > ,,^=$EORGE F. OUTHWAITE, a leading citizen - - b- of the prominent lumbermen of the AVolverine State, ami iu'ld witli lidelity various responsible posi- tions of public trust. In 1H72 he was elected City Recorder of Muskegon, and later refused a second term. In the fall of 1873 he was appointed Coun- ty Sui)erintendent of the Poor, and served for thirteen years in that odicial capacity to the great satisfaction of the general public, who thorouglily appreciated iiis excellent judgment and executive ability. A native of the Wolverine State, our subject was born in Plymoutli, Wayne Cduiity, December 28, 1836. His parents, John and .Mice (Plews) Outhwaile, natives of England, were numbered among the pioneer settlers of Michigan, locating in Wayne County when the greater portion of the State w.is yet a wilderness. George F. acquired a good education .as the result of his own exertions, and may be properl3'' termed a self-made man. He studied in the common and High Schools of Pl3-mouth, and later took a commercial course in the Chicago Business College. In the mean time, March 31, 1859, he had removed to Muskegon, and after completing his studies in Chicago, re- turned to that city. Mr. Outhwaitc began life for himself, working for his brother and John Torrent in a small shingle mill, where he remained in the capacity of an em- ploye until April, 1862. He then formed a part- nership with his brother, the firm being known as J. R. Outhwaite & Bio. He, however, in the fall of the same year sold out his interest to his broth- er, and engaged upon his own account in tlie lum- ber and shingle business, which lie prosperously conducted for a great many years. While hold- ing his otiicial positions, he continued in the lum- ber business, and gradually amassed a competence. He was a man of broad intelligence and liberal spirit, and as a citizen, energetic and enterprising, materially aided in tlie advancement of many of tiie vital interests of his home locality. Urm in his convictions of right and wrong, and decisive in action, he possessed sterling integrity of charac- ter, and commanded the esteem of all who knew him. He was i)olitieally a Republican and an ardent advocate of tlio party, giving his earnest efforts in l)phalf of the .success of tiie principles in which lie believed. Fraternal!}' a member of the Masonic order, he was a Knight Temi)hir, and had a host of friends in that organization. December 28, 1866, George F. Outhwaile and Miss Helen A. Reed were united in marriage. The estimable wife of Our subject is a native of Grand Rapids, Mich., and is a daughter of Ezra and Cath- erine (Storring) Reed, both natives of New York State, the father having been born in 1-itclilield, and the mother in the Mohawk Valley. Mr. Reed was one of the pioneers of (Jrand Rapids, Kent County, winch at the time of his settlement con- tained only five while families. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Outhwaite was blessed b^' the birth of a daughter, Blanche C, a ciiarming and accomplished 202 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRATHICAL RECORD. young lady, who has been carefully educated, and is now a student in the University of ]Micliigan, where she is pursuing a special course. ^Ir. Outh- waite resides in a magnificent residence of modern architecture, containing the latest improvements. The surroundings are beautiful, and the location. No. 39 Peck Street, one of tlie finest in the city. Eight months have come and gone since George F. Outhwaite passed aw.iy, but his memory as a sincere friend anil true citizen will long live in the hearts of the many who knew and loved him. ciiJLr=i 'a,*^^^' I/, ^^ENRY MILLER, an able business man, lead- ing hardware merchant and successful gen- /.■^i^ eral farmer, desirabl.y located in Chester /J Township, Ottawa County, Mich., is a na- tive of Wurtemberg. Germany, and was born Jan- uary' 29, 1834. He is the son of Ciiristian and Barbara JNIiller, his mother having passed away in the Fatherland in 1849. Tlie father married again in 1852 or 1853, wedding Miss Sophie Kober, also a native of Germany, with whom he emi- grated to the L'nited States in 1874. locating in Ottawa County, Mich., wiiere he died in 1881, at the advanced age of eighty ^ears. His last wife is yet surviving. By his marriage to the mother of our subject, Christian Miller became tlie father of four children: Michael, of Ottawa County; Henry; Fred, residing in Ottawa County; and Frederica, wife of Fred Ata, of tiiis county. By his second marriage the father iiad Ihiee cliildren: Barbara, wife of John .Seliler.of Grand Ra|)ids; Kegina, wife of Benjamin AVildeinbuig. of Cliester Township; and Christiana, widow of Robert Bauer, of Grand Rapids. Henry Miller received his education in the pub- lic schools of Germany and was but fourteen jears old wiien he began the work of life. He remained Willi his fatlier, who was by occupation a farmer and nail-maker, until twenty years of age, and in 1854 emigrated to America. Landing in Buffalo, N. Y., with twelve shillings in his pocket, our sub- ject laboriously worked six months to pay his board, and meantime studied ambitiously at home to learn the English language. In 1855, leaving Buffalo for the farther West, Mr. Miller journeyed to Grand Rapids, where, March 6, he was met by his brother Michael, who had preceded him to America by two 3'ears. For six continuous years our subject worked in Grand Rapids, doing heavy teaming, hauling wood and stone. He had reached there >;25 in debt but by patient toil had in 1860 amassed a small capital. At this period of time October 10, 1860, he removed to Chester 'I'ownship, and located upon section 27, when this part of the country was almost entirely covered with a heavy growth of timber. Purchasing eighty acres of land, for which he paid -§650, almost his total savings, Mr. Miller erected a log house, in which he lived for some j-ears. When his wife, Mrs. Catherine (Fluhrer) Miller, with whom he was united in marriage in 1857, first saw her new home she wept, and our subject admits it must have looked a little cheerless to her, com- ing as she did from the city. As time passed on, however, the appearance of the farm and its sur- roundings rapidlv changed. The timber, yielding to the steady strokes of the axe, gave cleared and fertile land, which, yielding to high cultivation, annually furnished a bounteous harvest and build- ings large and comfortable arose, residence, barns and sheds. Financially prospered, Mr. Miller now owns over one hundred and seventeen valuable acres, ninety- five acres of which are finely cultivated. He has also given to his children about one hundred acres of excellent land. In 1884, our subject went to Coopersville and engaged in farming for three years, and in 1888 returned to Conklin, w'here he erected the first store building in the village, and opened it to the public with a well-selected stock of farming implements. Succeeding beyond his expectations, he built in 1889 his present spacious store, 25x80 feet in size, constructed of brick, two stories in height, finely finished in modern style, and which cost 13,000. As soon as tiie build- ing was completed Jlr. Jliller stocked with a variet}' of farming implements and added a large line of hardware. Commencing business with a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 203 modest capital, he now carries a complete stock of goods, valued at from !!!7,()00 to » 10,000, and tran- sacts a business of from #lo,00() to %!25,000 annu- ally, with case supplying the increasing demands of one of the best trades in liiis part of the county. The estimable wife of our subject was a native of Germany and was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John l-Mulirer. The pleasant home has been blessed by the birth of seven children: Elizabeth, tlie wile of Christian Diiikle, of Chester Town- ship; .Sophia, the wife of Henry Weldenberg, of Wright Township; George JI., .Jr.; Christian, de- ceased; Margaret IJ.; Henry, deceased; and Anna 15.. who comi)letes the list of sons and daughters. Mr. and Mr*. Miller are both valued members of the Lutheran Church and active in religious work. Our subject is, poUticall}^ a strong Democrat and has been a member of the Democratic County Convention. He wa,-, appointed in lf(86 by Pres- ident Cleveland the first Postmaster of the vil- lage of Conklin; for eleven consecutive years he ably discharged the duties of Township Treasurer, and for four years served faithfully as Highway Commissioner. In 1893, re-elected Township Treas- urer, Mr. Miller is now with great acceptability holding the position of trust assigned him by his fellow-townsmen, who repose in liirn the highest confidence as a friend, neighbor and citizen. -^ /^OLON C. LII.I.IK, Presidentof the Coopers- ville Creaiiicry Company, and a successful agriculturist of Tallinadge Township, Ot- tawa County, was born in this township January G, 18G(I. His father, Joel H. Lillie, was born in St. Lawrence County, N. Y.. and emigrated to Michi- gan soon after attaining his majority. Here he engaged in lumbering and worked in various places until he pui-chascd the land upon which our sub- ject now resides. To the improvement and culti- vation of this place he gave his attention until the death of his wife in 1883, when he removed to Coopersvillc, and made his home in that vill.age until his death, September 19, 1893. He was a man of wealth, and was the owner of a large brick and tile factory at Coopersvillc. The mother of our subject was Sarah, daughter of Araraon and Ann is Augur, who for many years resided in the State of New York, but afterward came to Jlichigan. Colon C. Augur, the uncle after whom our subject was named, is now on the list of retiied army ofllcers. To the marriage of Joel and Sarah Lillie there were born five children, two sons and three daughters. Edith S. married John M. Park and now resides in AVright Township, Ottawa County; Walter married Ella McGrathand makes his home in Grand Haven, this .State; the third in order of birth is the subject of this notice; Emma E., who is unmarried, is a teacher in Cali- fornia; and Annis M., who is the wife of William E. Baxter, lives in T^os Angeles, Cal. In his 3'outh our subject received ordinary com- mon-school advantages. At, the age of twenty-one he entered the Michigan Agricultural College at Lansing, where he remained for four years, receiv- ing the degree of Bachelor of Science, and gaining a practical education in farming. Eor four years he filled the position of Princi|)al of the Cooperi?- viUe schools, resigning it in order to accept the of- fice of Commissioner of the county. He is the founder and President of the Coopeisville C.-eani- ery Company, a nourishing enterprise which is established on a paying basis. At the present time he conducts the dairy dei)artinent of the I'rartlcul Farmer & Fniit Grower, a popular agricultural pa- per published at (!rand Rapids. A Rcpulilican in [xjlitics, Mr. Lillie has repre- sented Tallinadge Township upon llic County Board of .Supervisors, and has also ollicialed .as County .School Commissioner. While Secretary of the County Board, he introdiKid the graded sys- tem into the sciiuols of the county, and as a result of ids efforts the slandaid of education has been greatly advanced. In his social connections, he is identified with the Knights of the Maccabees and Coopersvillc Lodge, A. F. it A. M. His mar- riage occurred on the 2Gth of .lunc, I8'.M), .and united him with Miss Julia .\. Lawtoii, a daugh- ter of Albert ancl Mary \. (Lofliis) Lawton. The young couple reside upon the old Lillie home- 204 POjciTRAlT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stead, where Mr. Lillie cultivates two liunclred and forty acres of the finest kind in Ottawa Count}'. Everything on liis place is of modern imjirovement, and he raises large crops of wheat, corn, oats and h.ay. ANIICL M. ANGELL. Through the ener- getic prosecution of agricultural enterprises, Mr. Angell has become well known tlirough- out Ottawa Countv .as a successful farmer of Tall- madge Township. His farm ranks with the best in the county, and consists of one liundred and twenty acres, upon which lias been placc(i a sub- stanti.nl set of improvements, including a commo- dious house and a number of outbuildings for the storage of machinery and the shelter of stock. The outward career of Daniel M. Angell can scarcely be called an eventful one. Averse to all display, he has souglit neither distinction nor power, but in the rural home, surrounded by those he loves, he lives in comfort and serene content. Bom in Clinton County, N. Y., February 11, 1831, our subject is the second child in the family of Daniel and Olive (Wheeler) Angell, natives of New York. At the age of five years he accom- panied his jiarents to Michigan, and settled in what is now Tallmadge Township, Ottawa County, where he grew to manhood. His entire educational ad- vantages consisted of a short attendance at the common schools of Lamont, this county, and one term spent in a select school. However, through diligent effort, he has gained a good education, and may justly be termed a self-made man. Remaining with his father until he reached the age of twenty-three, our subject then embarked in fanning upon his own account, and for nine years pursued his chosen occupation on the south side of Grand Hivcr. Later he returned to the old home- stead, and upon the death of his father in 1876 he assumed the management of the place, where he still m.akes his home, lie carries on general farm- ing, and raises wheat, corn, potatoes and small fruits. He has received little assistance from others, and his success is due largely to his unaided exer- tions. He is a man of keen discrimination, fore- sight and energy, and displays excellent judgment in the management of his estate. The lady who, on the 2d of September, 1854, be- came the wife of Mr. Angell was formerly Miss Cecelia Blakeney, and was born in New York, be- ing the daughter of William and Susan (Powers) Blakenej', of Vermont. To this marriage there were born eight children, live of whom are still living, namely: Daniel M., who makes his home with his parents; Frances, Jlerton P.,Velvia C. and Moses R., all of whom are still at home. In religious connections, both Mr. Angell and his estimable wife are identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is the present Stew- ard and one of the Trustees. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist, and votes the ticket of his chosen part}' at every election. He has served as Road- master and in other [lositions where his energ}' and ability have been instrumental in advancing the interests of the township and county. ■^AMES HUTCHINSON, a leading business man of Michigan, an energetic and popular ,-^ i manufacturer of buggies, spring wagons, ^^j/' carriages, package and delivery w.agons, has for twenty-four years been a prominent citizen of ]\Iuskegon, where his well-known factory — enjoy- ing a large trade — annually supplies to the general public some of the finest specimens of vehicles ever used in road transportation. Our subject, a native of Canada, was born in Perth, Ontario, .luiie 17, 1844. His father, James Hutchinson, Sr., likewise a native of the Queen's dominions, was reared and educated in Canada and, arriving at man's estate, married the mother of our subject, Ellison Easton, also born in Canada and the daughter of an old and highly respected famil}', the descendants of a long line of honored English ancestry. Our subject enjoyed excellent educa- tional advantages, and attended school near Lon- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIUCAL RECORD. 205 don, Canada, in wliich locality lie passed the days of boyhood. He early began his preparation for a self-reliant and seir-sustainiiin; future by serving an apprenticeship to the trade of a blacksmith, and arrived at twenty-one years of age well litled to begin the battle of life for himself. In 1869, removing to the United Slates, Mr. Hutchinson journe^-ed to Muskegon, Mich., which city has since been his constant home. For a number of years he was variously emjiloyed, work- ing mainly in lines of business connected with his trade, liut finally, having some capital in money and a vast amount of enterprise, he embarked in his present manufacturing interests upon his own account. Begiiiiiiiig in a comparatively small way, our subject has with ability and unwearied devo- tion to business extended the facilities of his fac- tory, which is now equal to the demands of a large and rapidly increasing custom; and the public by its patronage eloquently testifies to its satisfaction with the material and workmanship of the superior product of buggies and wagons which year after 3'ear successfully compete with those turned out by longer established and more pretentious houses. As a manufacturer, Mr. Hutchinson has achieved an enviable reputation and in the general conduct of his business has won the confidence of the pub- lic. His trade is not local but takes in a large territory, and the business, from the first an assured success, has in the past sixteen years developed into proportions far exceeding early expectations. In January, 1873, in Whitehall, Muskegon County, Mich., were united in marriage .lames Hutchinson and Miss Abbie Doolan, a native of Vermont and a daughter of James Doolan, a highly respected resident of the (ireen Mountain .State. The union of our subject and his estimable wife has been blessed by the birth of a bright and in- telligent family. ICIla E., the eldest-born and only daughter, an .accomplished young lady, is at hojnc. The three youngest, William, Krank and John, are likewise with their parents, who reside in a beauti- ful residence, modern in architecture, convenient in design, and containing all the latest improve- ments. The handsome frame house located at No. 10 East Ionia Street is the abode of hospitality and witnesses the social gatherings of many friends. Our subject is fraternally a valued member of Muskegon Lodge Xo. 140, A. F. & A. M., and is likewise connected with the Foresters. Politic- ally a Hcpublican and interested in local and na- tional government, he is not in any sense of the word a politician, but, doing his duty at the polls and assisting in matters of local enterprise, is ac- counted a substantial citizen and man of public sijirit. RHIN I). BLiVXCIIAHD. a prosperous and well-known merchant of Casenovia, and for man J' years a prominent educator of Muske- gon County, was biirn in the town of Harre, Or- leans County, N. Y., March 17. 1844, being a son of Chandler and Lucj- (Lindley) lilanchard. His paternal giaiidfather, Nehemiali lilanchard, was the son of Jeremiaii, who belonged to a famous Huguenot family, of French origin. Grandfather Blanchard was born in New Hampshire, and was a soldier in the War of 1812. By trade a shoemaker, and 1)3' occupation a farmer, he was thus engaged in Monroe County, N. Y., and later in Oenesee County-, the same State. His death occurred in Murray, Orleans County, N. Y., September 13, 1848, at the age f)f sevent3--four. Grandfather Blanchard and his good wife, whose maiden nanie was Sarah Densmore, were the par- ents of twelve children whoattaincd mature \'ears, namely: Cummings, Chandler, Ilarbaid, AVillard, Julia .v., Livonia, Lewis, AInian, William, Dens- more, Orrin and Ira. Chandler lilanchard, father of our subject, was born in New Hampshire, Sep- tember 19, 1800, and .accompanied his father to New York. From Orleans County- he removed to Michigan, and settled in Livingston County about 1840. After his marriage, which took place in Plymouth, Wayne County, he returned to the Em- pire Slate, where he departed this life .August 23, 18.59. In politics, he was lirsl a Whig, and after- ward a Re|)ublican. In religious matters, he was idcnlilied with the .Mi'thodist Episcopal Church. 206 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Tlie mother of our subject was born near L^'ons, N. Y., in 1819, and died February 15, 18G1. She bad a familj' of five children: Orrin D., of this sketch; Wesley, who enlisted as a private in Com- pany E, One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Infantry, and died on David's Island, Octo- ber 18, 18G4; Rosetta E., Nancy A. and Lelia C. Orrin D. received a district-school education, and at the age of twelve began to be self-supporting. May 14, 18G1, he enlisted in Com])aiiy K.Twent3-- sevcnth New Y'ork Infantry, and with his regi- ment participated in the first battle of Bull Run, Gaines' Mill, and ^Vest Point, A'a. Being captured at Gaines' Mill, he was imprisoned for forty-two days u|)on Belle Isle, in the James River. Later he took part in tlie engagements at Antietani, Fred- ericksburg, and in minor skirmishes. At the ex- piration of his term of service he was discharged, on the 1st of June, 1863. In the fall of 18G3, Mr. Blanchard went to Shia- wassee County, Mich., where he attended school during the following winter. February 14, 1864, lie enlisted as a member of Comiiany L, Second New York INIounted Riflemen, and while in Wash- ington w-as afflicted with rheumatism. He was taken to a hospital near Washington, where he remained for a short lime. lie rejoined his regi- ment on the 18th of June, at Petersburg, and participated in all the engagements of the armv until the battle of Stony Creek, where he was wounded in the right hand and the right temple. For a time he was confined in Jit. I'leasant Hospi- tal at Washington, and upon rejoining his regi- ment continued in active service until his dis- charge at Buffalo, August 25, 1865. Coming to Michigan in the fall of 1865, Mr. Blanchard attended school during the following winter. He taught his first term of school in Ing- ham County, this State. In the spring of 1868 he went to Lisbon, where he worked on a farm dur- ing the summer, and in the fall of the same year accc|)ted the principalship of a school in Casenovia Townslrip. In 1878 he taught one term in Wilson County, Tenn., whither he went, hoping that the change of climate might liencfit his wife's health. Altogether lie has taught thirty-five terms. For a number of years during the summer season he worked at the trade of a mason, and for seven years had a meat-market in Casenovia. In April, J893, he emiiarked in the mercantile business un- der the firm name of O. D. Blanchard & Co., and is conducting a large and lucrative trade. A Republican in politics, Mr. Blanchard has served as Justice of the Peace and as Superinten- dent of Schools. In his social relations he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Masonic fraternity. He was first married to Miss Betsey Johnson, a native of Mich- igan, and two children were born of the union, Ernest C. and Bessie JM. Mrs. Blanchard died April 13, 1879, at the age of thirty-four. The second marriage of Mr. Blanchard united him with Miss Ella A., daughter of Henry Bridsjer, of Shiawassee County, Jlich. Mrs. Ella Blanchard died JIarch 5, 1884, and afterward our subject married Jlrs. Mary Pcckliam, who was born in Norway; her first husband was Henry Peckham, by whom she became the mother of one child, Car- rie. She is a lady who occupies a high place in the regard of the people of this community, and her position is among the most cultured and re- fined of Casenovia's residents. ^ i^ \ ^v HILIP FAIILING, an enterprising and suc- ! ))/ cessful general agriculturist, and son of the I f^ first German settler of Chester Township, Ot- I J, tawa County, Mich., was liorn March 2, 1853, on the farm where he now resides, and is the onl}- son of Philip and i;iizal)eth Faliling, both natives of Germany. The parents were married in the Old Country, but soon after emigrating to America located in Ohio, where they remained three years. From the Buckeye State journeying to the farther West witli oxen, they came to Michigan, fording and swimming rivers on the way. Arriving in the Wolverine State in 1844, they two years later, in 1816, entered from the Government the farm of one hundred and sixty acres iiiion wliich they now live. The hind was llicn heavily limbeied, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 207 but, persistently worked upon, has been brought under a hig!i slate of cultivation, and to the orig- inal acres have since been added otiicrs, until the lioniestead now contains two hundred and eighty acres of valuable land, improved with buildings of a superior character, commodious, tmaster, the ollice being called Pintler's Corners, the name by which llic Ideality was known for many years. Lawrence Maiig carried the mail for one year on foot from Grand Rapids to Newaygo. The next contract as carrier was given to Benjamin Wright, who took the pouch of mail on horseback. The first stage-coach passing Pintler's Corners was driven in 1855, and carried the mail, the contract then being held b3' Mr. MoLinothan. Soon the passenger traffic began to improve and the hotel business boomed. In 1863 the present attractive and roomy resi- dence in which our sul)ject now resides was erected, and on moving into this house the Pintlers ceased to keep a tavern. During the latter part of 1848 Lorenzo Chubb mo'ved into " Pintler's Corners," the old place, and there kept hotel, the former in- terest of the business, held b}' the father of our subject, then being turned over to the neivcomer. During these changing seasons the father occu|iicd a position of im|)ortance and for twelve continu- ous years served ably as Justice of the Peace, and aside from various other township offices was for several years an efficient Supervisor. In every oflBce with which he was honored John Pintler dis- charged the public duties thereto pertaining with the faithful ability which characterized his eveiy work in life. A sincere Clinsliaii man and an up- right citizen, the father was a member of the Close- Communion Baptist Church and ever threw his influence upon the side of truth and justice. The three children who made bright tiie home in the woods were Lucy A., deceased; Curtis; and Ellen J., deceased, who became the wife of Wdrtliington Moe, a native of Middleville, Mich. Tlie father passed aw.aj' November 6, 1866, at f()rt\-nine years of age, beloved and honored by all who knew him. The mother, a devout member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, survived until 1879, and en- tered into rest at sixty-four years of age. Our subject was educated in the common schools of the towiishi[i and also received instruction in Grand Rapids. At the age of twenty years return- ing to the homestead he took charge of the farm. ]\Ir. Pintler was heir to a half-interest in the homestead, and now owns thirty-eight acres of the old farm, thirty-six of his acres being devoted to fruit-culture; seven acres are in ap|)les; twenty in peaches; one and a-half in plums; one in pears; one in grapes; and one in quinces. Our subject has also two hundred cherry-trees, a flourish- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORDi 211 ing vine3\ird of four hundred grape-vines and a large quantity and variety of small fruit, which annually yield a handsome income. Mr. Pintler has no general agricultural interests Init is a stock- raiser, profitably handling the Ihunhletonian and Clay breeds of horses. lie also has high-grade cat- tle, thi-ec-fourths Jersey. In 18G8 Curtis Pintler and Carrie JI., daughter of J. J. and Lj'dia (Shackelton) Smith, natives of England, were married. Mr. and Mrs. Smith were wedded in Canada, and in Woodstock the estimable wife of our subject was born. In 1863 Mr. Smith with his familj' removed to the United States and. a tanner and harness-maker, erected tlie first tannery built in Lamont, Ottawa County. He worked for some years in Grand Rapids, where he was widely known and highly respected. He died in 1883, at the age of seventj'-three, his wife having died the previous year, 1882, aged sixty- three. The\- were both devoted Christian people and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Tiie nine children who clustered about the fam- ily hearth of Mr. and Mrs. Smith were in the or- der of their birtli: Elizabeth, wife of J. J. Nelland, of Grand Rapids; James H., a citizen of Muskegon; Cordelia, wife of F. W. Cook, of Eau Claire, Wis.; ■William J., re.'^iding in St. Johns; II. W., of Cali- fornia; Carrie M., Mrs. Pintler; Maggie JI., wife of Dan ^liller, of Alpine To\vnsliip; Lydia M., wife of M. Rich, of St. Paul; and Florence A., wife of Rev. H. O. Lawrence, of Wells, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. I'intler have been blessed by the birth of five intelligent and attractive children: Everett J., Minnie M., J\ina M., George W. and Alela. Mrs. Pintler and the thiee daughters are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and are active in the religious, social and benevolent work of their denomination. Mrs. Pintler is likewise a valued member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and is for the second year Treasurer of the local association, keeping the records and being the County Superintendent of Franchise. The accom- plished wife of our subject is well known as a lady of superior executive ability and lino business at- tainments. Mr. Pintler is fraternally' associated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows No. 291, Industry Lodge, and Mt. Iloreb Encampment, 10 now located at Casenovia. Without being in any sense of the word a politician, our subject takes a deep interest in botli local and national issues and is esteemed a man of broad views and liberal senti- ment in all matters peitaining to the general wel- fare. -^^ ^jj^DWARD BEHRENS, one of the leading business men of Sluskegon, is connected with C. D. Stevens as proprietor of the Muskegon Boiler Works. He well deserves rep- resentation in this volume, for he is an enterpris- ing and public-spirited man, and it is with pleas- ure that we present to our readers this record of his life. He was born in New York City, on the 18tli of December, 1847, and is a son of William and Willimcna (Steinford) Behrens, who were natives of Germany. The father was a cabinet- maker, and in early life emigrated to New York City. His death occurred in 1854. Our subject remained in his native city until after the death of his father, when he came AVest to Chicago, and was there educated. He lived for a time with P. W. Gates, of that city, and then with Thomas Turnbull, of Muskegon. In the spring of 1865, he came to this city, and w.as employed in the shops of Mr. Turnbull for some time. In 1878, he formed a partnersiiip with Joseph Turnbull and Charles E. Woodward, and established the Turn- bull Boiler Works. This connection was continued for five years, when the business changed hands. In the fall of 1889, Mr. Behrens went to Hliiiie- lander, Wis., and there built a sawmill, which he operated for a year. In 1869, our subject married Miss Annie Af. Peterson, a native of Canada, and a daughter of George M. and Susan (Emory) Peterson, the former born in Ontario, Canada, and the latter in New York. When their daughter was a maiden of thirteen summers they came to Muskegon, where the father died May 12, 1875, at the age of lift}-- one years. Mrs. Behrens was educated in the schools of Canada and in Michigan, By her mar- 212 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. riage she has lieeomc the mother of three sons and two daughters: William Edward, a farmer; Emma J., Edna Blanche, Clyde AVcsley, and Steinford, now deceased. On his return to Muskegon in 1890, Mr. Behrens formed a partnership with CD. Stevens and estab- lished the Muskegon Boiler Works. They manu- facture steam-boilers, stand-pipes, etc., and are enjoying an extensive trade, wliicii h.as constantly increased from the beginning, large orders coming from the West and .South. They employ some twenty-five men. Their main building is 50x100 feet, and to it they have added a wing thirty-five feet square. They are now building a brick office near the shcjps. The}' also do rolling-mill work. This industry occupies a leading place among the enterprises of the city. Mr. Behrens also owns one hundred and sixty acres of good land in Moorland Township, Mus- kegon Count}', of which one hundred acres are under cultivation, and he has four hundred sugar- ma|)le trees. He makes a specialty of fruit-rais- ing, having a large number of cherry, pear, peach and plum trees, and also many blackberry and raspberry bushes. He also has a herd of fourteen cattle and four horses, and the farm is considered one of the finest in the county. The owner is a Republican in politics, and a member of JIuskegon Lodge No. 133, A. O. U. W. His wife holds mem- bership with the INIethodist Episcopal Church, and both are numbered among Muskegon's lead- ing and prominent citizens. •^^ ARSIIALL C. KELLEY. an able and highly successful atlorne3'-at-law of Muskegon, 111 Mich., and who for the last five years has given his attention to loans and real-estate, for many years has been a constant resident of his present locality' .ind intimately associated with its upward progress. Our subject was born in GiU inanton, Belknap County, N. H., September 21, 1840, and was the son of William Kelley, also a native of the same place where the paternal grand- father, Joseph Kelle}', early settled with his good wife, and born in the same house. The pater- nal great-grandfather, .Jacob Kelley, made his home in New Hampshire in 1771, and was one of the brave and patriotic soldiers of the Revolu- tionary War. The grandfather, born in the New Hampshire home, was a man of ability and earnest purpose. The mother of our subject, Elizabeth Osgood, born in New Hampshire, was the daughter of David S. Osgood, the maternal grandfather be- ing the descendant of English ancestors who, cross- ing the broad Atlantic, settled in Massachusetts in 1638. The Osgoods are well known in the New England States, the family occupying positions of high usefulness and influence. The parents some years after their marriage removed from the Gran- ite State to the cit}- of Boston. Mr. Kelley passed his early years in his birth- place, and there attended the district schools, but when eleven years of age accompanied his father and mother to their residence in Boston, and com- pleted his studies in the excellent public schools of the latter city. Later, attracted by the broader opportunities of the West, the parents with their famil}' journeyed to Illinois, locating in Will Count}', where the father found ready eraploj'- ment as a contractor and builder. Our subject, then seventeen years of age, taught school, mean- time improving himself by study and reading. Finally deciding upon a professional career, Mr. Kelley read law with Judge G. D. A. Parkes and W. C. Goodhue, and was admitted to the Bar in 1865. He began the practice of the legal profession in Joliet, III., where he became a well-known and prosperous lawyer. He then moved to Wilming- ton, 111., and in 1868 moved to Chicago. Previ- ous to entering upon his legal studies, our subject had, in 1859, journeyed to the far West, and for three years devoted his time to mining in Colo- rado. He however preferred life in the East, and returning to his Illinois home then began the preparation for the business of his life. From the year 1865 to 1867, Mr. Kelley with etticiency dis- charged the responsible duties of City Attorney of Wilmington, Will County, 111. In 1868, our subject located in Chicago, where, PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 213 opening an ofBce, he for llie twelve succeeding years successfully conducted a law and real-estate business. In 1880, Mr. Kulky removed to Michi- gan, first making his home on AVhilc Lake, Mus- kegon County, but four years later settled pernia- nentl3- in the cit^- of Muskegon, where he has built up a fine Ijiisiness, and, combining the practice of his profession with the handling of real estate, has achieved a competence. From 1887 until 1890, our subject was Secretary and Treasurer of tiie Muskegon Lumber Com|)an3', and has been identi- fied with the numerous leading public interests of his present localit}-. In November, 1878, were united in marriage JI. C. Kelley and Miss May S. Smith, a native of Wisconsin, and daughter of Rev. William J. Smith, of New York. Five chil- dren, four sons and a daughter, have blessed the union of our subject and his estimable wife. The brothers and sister are in the order of their birth as follows: William Ernest, Grace Osgood, True- man Lee, Marshall Royal (deceased), and Arthur Carroll. The pleasant family residence of Mr. and Mrs. Kelley is desirably located on Money Lake, a suburb of Muskegon, and is the abode of liospitaiit}-. Politically Mr. Kelley is a stanch Re- publican, and is well posted on all the vital ques- tions of the day. Financially successful, he and his excellent wife occupy positions of social in- fluence and possess a host of sincere friends. - — ^W®:^ — ^*~ OIIN F. MrBRIDE, a long-time resident and prominent and prosperous business man of Muskegon, Mich., is the energetic junior partner of the successful shingle manufac- turers, .Strong ife McHride, whose extensive facto- ries turn out both pine and cedar shingles of ex- cellent material and make. A self-made man, rap- idly' winning his upward way, our subject has, through unremitting attention to business and su- perior financial ability, gained a comfortable com- petence and now ranks among the moneyed men of the country. Mr. McBride is a native of the Wolverine .State and was born in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Maj- 23, 184G. His parents, Rowland and Harriett (Biddulph) JfcBride, were natives of Ireland and, the descendants of an industrious and intelligent ancestry', received good common-school educations in the Old Country. The parents had before their marriage emigrated to New Yoik, where they became acquainted and were married. The father and mother located in the State of jNIichigan when it was 3'et a comparative wilder- ness. At that time Grand Rapids was but a small village of a few inhabitants, and the parents were eye-witnesses of the wonderful growth and devel- opment of the State of Michigan. The father of our subject was by trade a butcher, and, a pioneer of the West, was intimately asso- ciated with the early history of Grand Rapids, but late in life went to Wisconsin, where he died. He was a man of ability and sterling character, universally' respected, and he possessed a valuable store of reminiscences of the primitive daj-s in the forests and villages of the Wolverine State. Removing to Wisconsin, he made his home in Fond du Lac, and there in 18r)8 i)assed away. The mother, surviving her husband a number of j'ears, entered into rest in Muskegon, Mich. John F. is one of four children, two sons and two daugh- ters, who blessed the home of the parents. Our subject received his education in Grand Rapids and attended the common schools of his home district. Early in life beginning his career as a worker, he found employment near Grand Rapids, and for some time prior to attaining his majority labored in the mills. He later spent some years on a Kent County farm and engaged in the pursuit of agriculture with excellent results, but finally entered into other lines of business and was vari- ously engaged for some length of time, becoming practically acquainted with tlie handling of lum- ber from its felling, sorting and piling, until, en- tering the mill, it became a stjiple article of man- ufacture, and was distributed again to different markets and wholesale purch.asers. For some years Mr. McHridc was a luml)er in- spector in Muskegon. In 188'J he entered into pjtrtnership with .laman E. Strong in the manufac- 214 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ture of pine anfl cedar shingles, and this partner- ship, now enduring for four years, has been pros- pered beyond all expectations. The machinery in use in the factor}' is the best extant, and the ten- block rotary machine turns out an immense prod- uct annually. In 1878 Mr. McBride married Miss Hannah E. Crane, a most estimable lady and the second daughter of Curtis Crane, a successful con- tractor. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. ISIcBride, one son and three daughters: .Jessie E., Glenn F., Ethelyn F. and one not yet named, promising and attractive young people, who have a bright future before them. The pleasant family residence, located at No. 512 Lake Street, is in tlie Eighth Ward of the city and is surrounded by handsome homes. Politically a Republican, our subject is not an office-seeker, but, intelligently in- terested in the questions of the day and well posted in the vital issues of local and national government, is a true citizen, ably assisting in all matters of mutual welfare. He is highly esteemed b.v a host of old-time fiiends, who thoroughly' appieciate the business ability and sterling integ- rity of character which have distinguished the ca- reer of Mr. McBride from his earliest manhood. ^^_^ OBEY BROWN, the faithful and efficient jl^ Sergeant of the night force of police, Muskegon, Mich., has with ability for sev- • {I eral years held his present responsible posi- tion, and, occupying various offices of trust, has long been identified with the public work of the city. Our subject, a brave veteran of the Civil AVar, who entered the service of the Government before attaining his majority, is a native of the village of Greenwich, Fairfield County, Conn., born August 9, 1842. His father, Henry H. Brown, also born m Connecticut, in which State he passed his entire life, was the descendant of a long line of honored Nevv Kngland ancestry, the paternal grandfather, .James Brown, having likewise been reared, educated and married in Connecticut, where at a good old age he entered into rest after a long life of usefulness. The mother, Susan (Rascoe) Brown, was a native of Connecticut, and in her peaceful New England home trained her children to self-reliant independence and instilled into them a patriotism true and fervent. Our subject, remaining with his parents, spent the daysof boj'- hood in Fairfield and enjoyed the benefit of a good common education in the public schools of his home locality. At the first rumor of war Mr. Brown resolved to enter the army, and upon De- cember 29, 18G1, enlisted in Company C, Thir- teenth Connecticut Infantry, commanded by Col. Beige, later known as Gen. Berge. The regiment was assigned to the Army of the Gulf under Gen. Butler, and participated in the battles of Irish Bend, Port Hudson, Grand Ecore, Pleasant Hill and Cane River. Our subject like- wise took part under Gen. Sheridan in the engage- ments in the Shenandoah Valley, at Winchester, Fisher Hill and Cedar Creek, and having with faith- ful courage served bravely four years, five months and twenty-eight days, w.as mustered out at Hare Island in May, 1866. Mr. Brown then returned to Connecticut, but some time later deciding to try his fortunes in the West, in 1868 journeyed to Michigan and settled in South Haven, Van Buren County, where he industriously engaged in the pursuit of farming for eleven years. At the ex- piration of this length of time our subject removed to Muskegon and began working in the lumber regions. In 1884 he was appointed a policeman for one year, and afterward served with ability as Deputy Marshal for a twelvemonth. For the past seven years Mr. Brown has held his present posi- tion to the entire satisfaction of the general pub- lic. Politicall}' an ardent Republican, our subject takes an active interest in local and national issues, and, a man of observation, is intelligently versed in the vital questions of the day. In 1868, Hobby Brown and Miss Ora J. Swift were united in marriage. The estimable wife of our subject is a native of New England and was born in Connecticut, a daughter of Reuben Swift, also born in Connecticut, in which locality the pa- ternal grandparents settled early in the history of the State. Mr. and Mrs. Brown reside in a hand- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 215 some frame residence of modern architecture, con- taining tlie latest improvement^?, and situated at No. 170 Pine Street, Muskegon. Fraternally, our subject is connected with tiie Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is a mcmher of tiie Macca- bees. He also belongs to the Modern Woodmen, and affiliates with Phil Kearney Post No. 7, G. A. R. He is a charter member of Zach Chandler Post of South Haven, and has a host of friends among these various orders and especially- enjoys the re-unions of the Old Veterans, who recall the experieuces of the days when, side by side, the tried and true fought for the preservation of national existence. To-day as then, Mr. Brown is a loyal citizen, ever ready to do his share in all matters of general welfare. '^—^=m>-^^'). and was afterward discharged at Detroit, Mich. Returning home, he engaged in farming pur- suits on sixtv acres situated on section 21, Cas- enovia Township. In 1872 he comiiieiiced to work at the trade of a mason, wliifh he followed for twenty j'ears in connection with agricultural ,|)ur- suits. In 1886 he sold his farm, and, coining to Casenovia, has since made his hoii.e in this villajje. In July of 1890 he engaged In the fiiinitiire busi- ness, in which he met with success from the in- 218 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ception of the enterprise. He has served as Presi- dent of the village and as Alderman, being one of the prominent members of the Republican part}' at this place. Socially, he is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Grand Army of the Re- public, and the Knights of the Maccabees. June 18, 1866, Mr. Johnson married Arrainda, daughter of Cornelius and Emeline (Hilton) Bon- ter, natives of New Jersey and Livingston County, Mich., respectiveljf, who now reside in Missouri. Four children were born of this union: Myrtia; Selden C; Frank, who died at the age of four; and Eddie. The wife and mother died May 17, 1886. The present wife of Mr. Johnson was formerly Margaret C'olman, and is a ladj- of noble charac- ter, who has proved a devoted helpmate to her husband. Mr. Johnson is exact and scrupulous in his business relations. His word or promise in any transaction is taken without hesitation. In like manner, he exacts the proprieties of life from all with whom he comes in contact. In his view the highest citizenship is comprehended in the morality, enterprise and integrity of the people. A public-spirited man, his gifts to public and re- ligious institutions have been frequent and gen- erous. He gives to the churches, to the poor, to public and individual enterprises, and he is as un- ostentatious in his beneficences as he is in person and manner. -=) $+^ [3_ [^" DELS P. NELSON, a prominent citizen and popular Street Commissioner of Muskegon, Mich., and for a quarter of a century a lead- ing factor in the promotion of enterprise, has during these changing years occupied with honor and fi- delity to trusts involved various city and count}- positions. In 1880 elected Alderman from the First Ward, he served two years as a City Father, vigorously aiding in the forwarding of needed lo- cal improvements and materially advancing num- erous public enterprises. In 1886 elected Sheriff of Muskegon County, and in 1888 re-elected to the responsible position by a handsome majority, Mr. Nelson was ever equal to the trying demands of the olfice, and by his prompt discharge of duty gave universal satisfaction to the general public. In 1892 appointed Commissioner, and in 1893 re- appointed, he Is now handling this branch of the city work in a thoroughly practical and energetic manner, which from the first has won the high commendation of his fellow-citizens. Our subject, a native of Norway, was born near Christiana, August 26, 1848. His father, Peter Nelson, also born in Norway, passed his entire life in his native laud, dying in 1873. The mother, Anna Nelson, likewise a lifetime resident of Norway, entered into rest in 1860. The father and mother, in- dustrious and upright people, reared and educated six children. Our subject, spending the days of boyhood in Norway, attended the common schools of his na- tive land and was likewise trained in habits of intelligent thrift. At sixteen years of age he self-reliantly resolved to try his fortunes in the world of promise beyond the sea. Safely crossing the Atlantic, after a long voyage he landed in Quebec. He made no stay in the Canadian Do- minion, but, journeying to the United States, went to Illinois and for a twelvemonth made his home in Chicago. The succeeding year locating in Man- istee, Mich., our subject worked in the lumber re- gion for two years. July 5, 1867, Mr. Nelson came to Muskegon and received employment in the lath-mill of Bigelow ct Co., continuing in the same business for the succeeding fifteen years. In 1882 Mr.Nelson, in jiartnership with Martin Birch, engaged in the meat business, under the firm name of Nelson & Birch, and, remaining in this line of trade, also conducted a general merchan- dise business on his own account. A stalwart Re- publican and an ardent advocate of the principles of the party, our subject has been prominent in the local councils, and as the candidate of the Repub- lican ticket has won in the official ra(!e. Fraternally connected with the Lowell Moore Lodge No. 182, A. F. & A. M., also a member of the chapter, council and comniandery, our sub- ject likewise affiliates with the Scandinavian Tent of the Maccabees. He is a member of Muskegon -i?^'- ■'naie Jcr-A^-n^ e^/ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 221 Lod^e No. 133, A. O. V. W., and belongs to the Modern Woodmen, and in these various societies numbers a wide acquaintance and raanj- friends. IMarch 21, 1872, Nels P. Nelson and Miss Synava Johnson, of Muskegon, were united in marriage. Ten yeai-s later the estimable wife passed awaj', leaving to the care of her iiusband one son and one daughter: Anna, deceased; and Tred. Febru- ary 21, 1883, our subject wedded his present wife, Kmma O. Iloltlie, of Muskegon. Two sons, Alvin II. and Carlton Lester, bless the second union. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson reside in a handsome resi- dence at No. 108 Lake Street and are botli valued members of the Lutheran Churcii, aiding liberally- in its support and the extension of religious influ- ence. Respected by all wlio know tiien],thcv are ever read^' to assist in the good work and benev- olent enterprises of their locality, and our subject a« a public man, a friend and neighbor enjo3's the confidence of his fellow-citizens tliroughout Mus- kegon Countj-. JOHN ECKIIOFF, one of Crockery Town- ship's progressive agriculturists and a rep- resentative farmer of Ottawa County, was born in Germany on the 20th of December, 1835. His parents, John and Margaret (Elders) Eckhoff, were both natives of (Jerniany, and there resided until death. A tailor by trade, the father followed that occupation for man}' years in his native land, accumulating a goodly* store of the material blessings of this world through diligent effort and jierseverance. He and his wife were honorable and upright in their relations witii all whom the^- met, and were prominent in the Evan- gelical Church, of which they were devoted mem- bers. The second of a family of five children, the sub- ject of this biographical notice was educated in Germany, where he remained until he was twenty- two jcarsof age. Emigrating thence to the United States, he proceeded at once after landing to Michi- gan, wliere he settled in Ottawa County and has made his home here ever since. Soon after the opening of the Civil War, his sympathies, aroused on behalf of the Union, and with ail the ardor and zeal of a native-born son of America, he en- listed as a member of Company G, Twentj'-first Michigan Hegiment, the date of his enlistment be- ing August 11, 1862. For two years and eleven months he served with conscientious devotion, and at the close of the war he was honorably dis- charged, July 5, 18G5. Among the engagements in which Mr. Eckhoff participated may be mentioned t'.ie battles of Per- ryville and Stone River. In the last-named en- gagement he was wounded in the muscles of his left arm, and at the same time was taken prisoner, be- ing conveyed to Murfreesboro, Tenn., on the last day of the year 1862. On the 3d of January, 1863, he was paroled, but was unable to leave the hospital for some time thereafter. Upon his re- covery he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, in which he served until the close of the war. On account of the wounds received while in service, he is granted a pension of $8 per month by the Government. Very soon after his return from the war, Mr. Eckiioff established domestic ties, being married August 31, 1865, to Miss Margaret Simms, who was born in Germany. The union has resulted in the birth of eleven children, as follows: John Henry, Fred W., Andrew E., Mary M., Charles M., Ilenriette L., Anna A., Lewis A., Minnie D., Jes- sie C. and Archie L. In the fall of 1865, a few weeks after his marriage, Mr. Eckhoff purchased a farm of one hundred and twenty acres of unim- proved land in Crockery Township, and here he has since made iiis home, meanwhile clearing the land and placing it under a high cultivation. The place is pleasantly located within five miles of Spring Lake. Since casting his first Presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln, Mr. Eckiioff lias uniformly' maintained tlie principles for which the Republi- can party stands. lie has .served Crockery Town- ship as lligliway Coiiiinissioner and li.is also olli- ciated as Constable. In iiis social connections, he is identified with the Grand Army of the Re- 222 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. public, being a member of the post atNunica, No. 136. He is also a member of Spring Lake Lodge No. 234, A. F. & A. M. With his wife he holds membership in the Evangelical Church, and is prominent in all the benevolent enterprises orig- inated by that denomination. Il@^@l^^ ON. JOHN W. NORRINGTON. There is an obscurity in the game of life that to the robust mind is always attractive. The ^ important uncertainty of tlie final outcome, its value to all, serves as an incentive to great deeds. To push forward and win the battle is the one common impulse and ambition of humanity. But in this vast concourse of struggling warriors, the number who achieve success is comparatively small, and in the majority of instances is confined to those who by reason of family inheritance or extended learning have a far better start than their fellows. Without these qualifications success is rarely attained, but when it is, the fortunate be- ing is invariably the possessor of an indomitable will, untiring energy and an unusual amount of native shrewdness and ability. Such a man is John W. Norrington, the subject of this sketch, who is the present representative of Ottawa Coun- ty in the Legislature. Mr. Norrington is a native of Berkeley County, W. Va., born July 28, 1848, and the son of William and Mary (Hedges) Norrington, natives respec- tively of South Carolina and A'irginia (now West Virginia). Both families came originally from England, the Norringtons settling in South Caro- lina and the Hedges in Annapolis, IMd.,and members of these families served in the AVar for Indepen- dence. William Norrington was a farmer by oc- cupation, and his death occurred in West Virginia, on the farm where he settled directly after mar- riage. There his wife also passed her last daj-s. At the commencement of the Civil War he was a county oflicial and a stanch Union man. To his marriage were born seven children. Tlie first died in infancy; Mary E., wife of Andrew T. Harper, was born October 3, 1846, close to the old home- stead; John W. is next; William L., born October 1, 1850, resides in Seattle, Wash.; Martha J., born July 3, 1852, died November 8, 1853; Sarah V., born January 14, 1855, married H. R. Smith, and re- sides in South Dakota; and Joseph E., born Septem- ber 28, 1857, resides on the old homestead in Berkeley County, W. Va. John W. Norrington was reared to farm life, and in his boj'hood da^'s attended the subscription schools, continuing in the same until the breaking out of tlie Civil War. In 1865 he attended the first free school in the county, and in the winter of 1867 entered the High School of Odin, III. When fifteen 3-ears of age our subject started out for himself, and his first move was to enlist in Companv C, Third West Virginia Cavalry, under Capt. Peter Tabler. He was in the battle of Wytlie- ville, Va., on Hunter's raid and at Licksburgh; then his command went to the Shenandoah Valley and fought at Winchester. The next engagement was at Shepardstown, then Chambersburg, where heavy skirmishing was done, but the hardest engagement took place at Morefield, W. Va. After this he was at Winchester, Fisher's Hill,Mt. Jackson, Port Republic and Cedar Creek, where Gen. Sheri- dan made his famous ride. For a short time they were in winter quarters at Camp Russell, after which they went on tlie Gordonsville (Va.) raid. On the 27tli of February, 1865, they broke camp and started for Wliite House Landing. The first en- gagement was at Waynesboro and there the Third Brigade made the celebrated charge. This charge was made by Col. Capehart, and three hundred wagons of Gen. Early's wagon train were captured. The next battle was at Charlottesville, and then Pe- tersburg, and from that time on it was a continual engagement until tlie surrender of Gen. Lee. The hardest-fought battle during this time was at Sailor Creek,where Gen. Custer made three charges before he was successful and captured Brig.-Gen. Lee and Gen. Ewcll, of the Confederate arm3'. Five Forks w.as the next engagement in which our subject participated. During his service Mr. Norrington was slightlj' wounded at the battle of Moorfield, and was captured b^- Gen. Mosby PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 223 at Bunker Hill, Va. Five other men were cap- tured at tlie same lime, but they succeeded in overcoming tiieir guards and made their way to their own camp on the opposite side of the river, taking the Sergeant along with tliem. Mr. Nor- rington was discliargcd at Wlieeling, W. Va., on the 30th of .June, 186.5, and left camp July 10 of the same 3-ear. Returning home, Mr. Norrington remained there for a short time and attended school. On the 1st of JIarch, 1869. he started to Kansas, but spent the summer in Weston, Mo. In the fall he went to what was then Howard County, now Chautau- qua County, Kan., where he took up land close to what is now the town of Peru. This town was located by our subject, Mr. Cutler and several others, and .Mr. Norrington assisted in digging the first well and building the first house, which was a log structure. The latter was given to a man to put a stock of groceries in. On the organization of the countj', Mr. Norrington was elected Town- ship Trustee for the south half of the county, called IJcUevillc Township. Often Mr. Norring- ton would take a day's provisions and a blanket and pony and make a two-days trip, camping out wherever night overtook him. He was re- elected the next year, but resigned and came to this State in 1871. The following spring he re- turned to Kansas and remained there until 1875, when he came back to ^Michigan. The following j-ear he embarked in the grocerj' business at Plain- well, Allegan County, Mich., but since then he has been engaged for the most part in farming. In 1885 he was elected Township Supervisor and re-elected for seven successive years. In 1891 he made the race for Register of Deeds on the Re- publican ticket but was defeated by one hundred and seventy votes, Charles Ingraham fusion. In 1892, in the November election, he was made Rep- resentative over Jacob Barr, Democrat, by two hundred and thirty-nine votes. Mr. Norrington was a member of the Labor Committee, Klection Committee, and a member of the State Public School Board at Coldwater, .Midi. February 10, 1869, he was married to Miss Joana Barlow, a na- tive of INIichigan, born near Ypsilanti, and the daughter of George O. and Joana (Williams) Bar- low. Mr. Barlow resides in this county, but his wife died on the 1st of January, 1893. They were the parents of eleven children, ten of whom lived to be grown: Margaret, who is the wife of Rev. W. Wilson; John, deceased; JIary, wife of James Chelson; Addie, wife of Mr. Boyce; Sem K.; t^lisha; Joana, wife of our subject; liana, widow of M. Sweetland; Nancy (deceased), who was the wife of John Sncll; Kle.vie, wife of David Lick; and George O. To our subject and wife have been born three children: Emery II., born Ma^' 12, 1871, and who died Marcli 26, 1873; Nova Z., born Novem- ber 12, 1873; and William ()., born March 31, 1877. Mrs. Norrington is a memlicr of the Presbyterian Church. Socially, Mr. Norrington is a member of Ottawa Lodge No. 46, I. O. O. P., the Grange, and William Tliurketlle Post No. 388, G. A. R., at Allendale Center. *^E*E .y j^ON. ELIAS W. MERRILL, a retired lum- berman and real-estate dealer of Muskegon, was born in Cumberland County, Me., October 2, 1812. He traces his ancestry to England, whence in 1635 representatives of the family emigrated to the United States, making settlement in New England. His father, Elias, was the son of Humphrey Merrill, a soldier in the Revolutionary War, who passed his entire life in Maine, the State of his birth. The mother of our subject, whose maiden name was Dolly Locke, was also born and reared in Maine. The years of his boyhood our subject passed in the State of Maine, where he received a good edu- cation in the common scliools. Later he entered Maine Seminary, where he prosecuted his studies with diligence for a period of two years. In 1837, having resolved to seek his fortune in the West he came to Michigan, and, locating in Grand Rapids, engaged in the lumber business for two years in partnership with his brother Is.aac. Re- turning later to Maine, he spent two ye:irs in 224 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. that State, and in 1844 again came to Michigan, this time locating in Muskegon, where he embarlfed in the lumber business in connection with his brother, continuing thus engaged for a period of eighteen years and meeting with the highest suc- cess. In 1859 he turned his attention to the real- estate business, in which for a number of years he was successfully engaged. At the present time he owns several business blocks and a number of resi- dences in the cit^' of Muskegon. The public issues of Stale and nation have always commanded the earnest attention of Mr. Merrill, whose peculiar abilities eminently qualify him for official position. In his political atfilia- tions he was formerly a Whig and a pronounced Abolitionist, and is at present a stanch advocate of the principles of the Republican party. In 1857 he was elected to represent his district in the State Legislature, where he served with fidelity to the interests of his constituents and with credit to himself. Among the most important measures with which he was identified was the bill provid- ing for the division of the large county of Ottawa into the two counties of Muskegon and Ottawa, the former having prior to that time been a part of Ottawa. So satisfaclor3- was the service rend- ered by Mr. Merrill in the Legislature that he was elected in 1865 to the State Senate, representing Ottawa and Muskegon Counties, in which capacity be served for one term. The marriage of Mr. Merrill was solemnized on the 24th of November, 1840, at which time he was united with Miss Sarah A., daughter of Moses and Sarah (Batchelor) Titcomb, natives of Maine. Mrs. Merrill was a native of Maine and received lier education in the schools of North Yarmouth, where she grew to womanhood. She was the mo- ther of one son and four daughters. Three daugh- ters yet survive: Ellen, Mrs. 11. N. Hovey, of Muskegon; Annie J., Mrs. James II. Smith; and Eliza M., wife of Ernest A. Worden, also of Mus- kegon. The deceased were Sarah A. and George "W. The mother departed this life at her home on the 13th of M.ay, 1893. The family residence is a commodious structure, pleasantly located at No. 84 Muskegon Avenue, and is furnished in a man- ner indicating the refined tastes of the inmates. Mr. Merrill is a man of strong personality, unflinch- ing honesty and integrit}', and for many years has been numbered among Muskegon's most able and enterprising citizens. In judgment he is wise and accurate, and his opinion upon matters of im- portance has the weight of authority among his fellow-citizens. He is ever ready to take an ac- tive part in any business undertaking or enter- prise that will result profitably' to the development of Muskegon, and has been a prominent factor in the progress of this city. 4^ S^PHRAIM PELTON. The observant trav- fe) eler as he wends his wa}' along the pleas- /*' — ^ ant roads of Ottawa County finds plenty to occupy his attention and awaken his admira- tion. On ever}' hand appear evidences of pros- perity. Here are fields of waving grain; there nestle busy, bustling cities. Probably in his trav- els he observes no finer farm than that which is owned and occupied by the subject of this brief biographical review, who is recognized as one of the most capable and prosperous farmers of Tall- madge Township. Born in Canada in 1832, our subject is the eldest child of Rollin 11. and Abigail (Pelton) Pelton, na- tives of Vermont and Canada respectively, of whom further mention is made in the sketch of Rollin Pel- ton, presented on another page. He was a pupil in the common schools of Canada, where he acquired a fair education, being an apt and diligent scholar. He remained in the land of his birth until he was a }-oulh of nineteen, when he came to Michigan, and for a time resided near the city of Grand Rapids. For six months he engaged in lumbering about the river, after which he accompanied his parents to Ottawa County and settled with them on a farm in Tallmadge Township. After working on the farm (or a period of twelve years, our subject began lumbering for the firm of Hopkins & Monroe, of Grand Haven, this State, and continued thus engaged for five years. He PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 225 then purchased tlie beautiful farm upon -which he has since made Ins lioinc. At tlie time of buying the property, it was a wilderness, upon which scarcclj' a furrow had been turned and no attempt whatever made at improvement; but througii tlie diligent exertions of the owner it is to-day one of the best-improved farms in Ottawa County. Mr. Pellon uses good judgment in the cultivation of the soil, and makes a specialty of the cereals for which the land is best adapted. He makes of farm- ing not only an occupation, but also a science. In Grand Rapids, on the 1st of January, 1861, Mr. Pelton was united in marriage with Miss Etta Quigley, who was born in New York, being the daughter of William G. and Mar^- (Franklin) Quigle}'. To this marriage there have been born four children: K. II., who married Jliss Helen Willet and resides in Lowell, this State; Abbie, who is the wife of W. ,T. Craik, of Sparta; and Joseph and Etta, who live with their parents. While the life of Mr. Pelton has not been charac- terized b}' an}' stirring events or thrilling c[)isodes, his labors, while quietly done, have been no less efifective toward securing the advancement of the social and business interests of his community, and while gaining personal success he has also promoted the welfare of the township and county. The Democratic part}^ finds in him a firm adherent and ardent champion, and he casts his ballot and gives his influence toward promoting the success of this political organization. ^>-^r' noted for its culture and piety. Our subject, throughout his life a great reader, was educated in the schools of Lebanon and Utica, the days of his boyhood being spent in the two places. Arriving at manhood, he engaged in mercantile business in his native State and bad attained to twent3'-six years when, in 1843, he followed the tide of emigration to the farther West and settled in Kent Count3', Mich., where he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. In 1849 Judge W3'lie removed to Muskegon and here be- came interested in lumbering, but later again em- barked in mercantile business, iu which he con- tinued for a few years. Politically a stalwart Republican, our subject soon became a leader in the local councils of the party and received at their hands the oflSces with which he was honored, and which he b3f his efficient discharge of dut3' hon- ored. Judge W3'lie first received an important political promotion as County Treasurer, and for several 3ears was in charge of the mone3'S of Muskegon Count3', which he handled with a clear judgment, financial ability- and sterling intcgrit3' which gained him the good-will and respect of his fellow-citizens. He was also County Clerk and in this capacity became widely known. Elected Judge of Probate, our subject for nearly a score of 3'ears aided in the administering of estates and ever sought conscientiously' to award all property' so that it should subserve the ends of right and justice. On November 22, 1859, Edward Huntington Wylie and Miss Eliza Mountene3', a native of England, were united in marriage. The union was blessed by the birth of four children, three of whom are living, one daughter and two sons: Mai3- A., at home; ,\lfred Weld and Vernon Huntington. The Judge was a faithful attendant at the Congregational Church. Mrs. Wylie resides PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 2SS in a pleasant home at No. 102 West Clay Avenue, Muskegon, and in the hour of her bereavement received from her many friends, tried and true, the sineerest sympathy. Eleven years have passed since our honored subject was suddenly called from his life work, but his memory is green in the hearts of all who knew him and bore him respect for his many virtues and genuine worth. •8^=-»; / ■{•^•S-^* 4^^ ETII D. ESTES, who is now living a retired ^^ life in Muskegon, Mich., claims Maine as |l/_^/ the State of his nativify, liis birtli iiaving " occurred in Pownal, Cumberland County, on April .'), 1828. His father, Seth D. Estes, was also born in the Pine Tree State, and there spent his entire life. His wife, Mrs. Sarah Estes, was also a native of IMaine. Tlie ancestors of the family came from England, and located in this country prior to the Revolution. Our subject spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the county of his nativity and the com- mon schools afforded him his educational privi- leges. In March of 1868 he follovved Horace Greeley's advice to young men and came lo the West, locating in Muskegon, Mich., where he has since made his home on his [irosent homestead. For a number of years he was employed as an engineer and then embarked in tlie manufacture of boilers, whicli he continued for some time. Later he laid out and platted the Estes Addition to tlie city and now owns several good lots and residences in Muskegon. His proi)erty yields to him a good income. Ere leaving his native State, Air. Estes was married. In 1848 he was joined in wedlock with Miss Artemesia Libb}', a native of Maine, and a daughter of Abraham Libb}'. The union of this worthy couple has been blessed with a family of twelve children, nine boys and three girls, of whom six sons are now living, as follows: Alfred L., A. True, Simeon, Abram I.., diaries F. and Seth Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs. Estes have also an adopted daughter, Cora J., whom they took wlien she was about two years old. She is now the wife of O. B. Taylor, of Muskegon. Our subject and his wife reside at their pleasant home at No. 10 Estes Street. The hospitable dwelling is ever open for the reception of their friends, who are man}'. Mr. Estes was one of the boys in blue during the late war. He had watched with interest the progress of events prior to the struggle and re- solved if secession was carried into effect he would strike a blow in defense of the Union. So in 1861, prompted by patriotic impulses, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-fifth Maine Infantry. The regiment was assigned to the army of the Potomac and was engaged in guarding railroads and in doing picket duty. In July, 1863, Mr. Estes was mustered out in Portland, Me. In politics he is a supporter of Republican principles, but has never sought or desired the honors or emoluments of public oHice, preferring to devote his time and attention to his business interests, in which he has met with success. His prosperity is all due to his enteri)rise and good business ability and is therefore well deserved. He is now in comfort- able circumstances and has enough to keep him through his remaining years without further labor. ^> ^AMKS II. WILLIAMS, resident manager and number of the firm of C. (!. Alley and Office in Aberdeen, and served ably as Treasurer of Brown Count3'. Laura Williams married Seymour Winters, a farmer of Lawton, Mich. Edna A. became the wife of Scott Catsner, a successful agriculturist residing near Lawton. Our subject was about sixteen years old when with his parents he emigrated to Michigan. Until nineteen he remained upon the home farm, assist- ing in the daily round of cares. He received his education mainly in Hillsdale College, and when twenty-one years of age came to AVhitehall without capital save youth, energj-, and determination to make his upward way in life. Having w^orked his passage as far as Grand Haven, and arriving in the latter city without a cent in his pocket, Mr. AVilliams walked the twenty- eight miles to White- hall, his lunch upon the way consisting of a few diy crackers. Receiving immediate employment with Charles H. Cook, the lumberman, our subject began piling lumber on the docks, which he con- tinued throughout the summer, in the winter cooking in one of the lumber camps. For three years he did anything his hands could find to do, and worked both about the sawmills and in the camps. In 187a Mr. Williams again entered the employ of Charles H. Cook as foreman of his mill, and remained in that capacity the succeeding nine jears. In 1884, our subject, taking a new departure, engaged in the general insurance busi- ness, under the firm name of Johnston & Will- iams, and in 1892 succeeded to the business which he 3'et conducts, as well as engaging in bis lumber business with C. G. Alley & Co., in which firm he has had an interest for some three years. In addition to his other enterprises Mr. Williams was for some time interested in a furniture and crockery store in Montague. In the fall of 1872, James H. AVilliams and Miss Minnie Moshier, of Lawton, were united in mar- riage. Thisestimable lady died in February, 1874, without issue. In 1878, our subject a second time man ied, entering the bonds of matrimony with Miss Estella Reynolds, a teacher of Montague. She died in December. 1880, while on a visit to a brother in Paw Paw, and passing aw.ay after an illness of three days left no children. December 1, 1888, Mr. Williams married his present wife, Miss Bi;lle .Mcllattie, daughter of John Mcllaltie, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIUCAL RECORD. 235 a Scotchman by birth, and the proprietor of a Hourmiil at Cedar Spi-jngs. Tliis union has been blessed by the birth of one child, a son, Husscll II., now about nine months old, and the pride of the household. Fin.-incially prospered, our subject in addition to his other extensive business interests o|)erates a large farm, and is likewise interested in tlie summer resort, Nahant Heach. Politically, our subject has been a life-long Republican. Frater- nally, he is a member of the Ancient Free & Accepted M.asons, a Knight Templar and a iShriner. He is also a Knight of Pythias, and, widely known as a business man of ability and sterling integrit}', commands the esteem of his fellow-citizens, with whom he is identified in every piililic enti'rprise of importance. G^ /p^EERIIARD RENNIXK, the energetic and ||[ (— , successful dealer in choice family groceries ^^giilj and fruits, has been a highly respected citizen of his present locality. Muskegon. Midi., since 1866, and since 1885 has prosperously con- ducted his present business, enjoying a trade sec- ond to none in the city. Aside from a com- plete assortment of line groceries, Mr. IJennink profitably handles feed, and controls a large cus- tom in this department of his business. From his earliest residence in the Wolverine State our sub- ject has been inliiiiately associated with the pro- gressive interests of Muskegon, and in 1889, elected Alderman from the Sixth Ward, discharged the duties of his ollice with fidelity to his constitu- ents and to the general satisfaction of the pul)lic. IJorn in Prussia, (iermany, February 0, 18.3!), Oeer- hard Hennink was the son of .lolin II. and Tnide A. (Crabbcn) Hennink, both natives of Germany, upright and industrious people, who, reared and educated in their native land, there made their home after marriage and trained to habits of thrift and industry the sons and daughters who blessed their union. The father, by occupation a farmer, year after year tilled the soil, and finally at an advanced age passed awa}' among the famil- iar scenes of his youth. Our subject received a gdod coiiiinon-Mliodl education in the excellent schools of his native land, and during his boyhood assisted his falhei- in the work of the farm. At the age of eighteen years he was apprenticed to learn the trade of ;i carpenter. Five years later, in 18G;$, l>id(liug .■i1, when the building was destroyed by fire, Jlay 16. Dr. Hopkins immediately rebuilt on the same site and established the well-known and prosperous Hopkins' Sanitarium, conducted on eclectic-elec- tro homeopathic principles. The building has a fine frontage of forty-four feet and is eight rods in depth, well lighted, and conveniently ar- ranged for the care of the sick and suffering. Our subject is a valued member of the State Medical Association and is likewise a member of the Am- erican Association of Official Surgeons. Frater- nally, he is connected with the Ancient Free & Ac- cepted Masons, belonging both to the Sir Knights and the Royal Arch Masons. He also affiliates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is a member of the Good Templars, and was associated with the first Grand Lodge of the order. Politi- cally a stalwart Republican, he cast his first Presi- dential vote for Gen. William II. Harrison and also voted for Ucnjamin Harrison. In February, 1841, were united in mariiage Asahel G. Hopkins and Miss Charity S. Brown, of Lyons, Wayne County, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIUCiVL RECORD. 237 N. Y., and a daughter of Ephraim Brown, a native of- Connecticut. August 8, 1890, the estimable wife of our subject passed away, mourned b}' many friends. She was the mother of five children, three of wlioni are living, two sons and one daugh- ter. Olin is located in Muskegon; Asahel (!., Jr., was the fiftli-born; Frankie is the wife of IJcn- jamin Bray, of Idaiio. Dr. IIoi)kins has a store of interesting reminiscences of tlie early days wlien he settled in Kalamazoo, before there was a railroad in the county. Known throughout the State, our subject comniands the confidence and best wishes of a host of friends, man}' of whom have recui)er- ated from ill-healtii under his faithful care. No- vember 5, 1892, our subject was married to Miss Isabella Bou^^»Sj«B»wWA'-*^*iag;&JS^^ RrSiDEUCL or EMILY E. GO RD ON , o PC . 13. f KUIT; Al!D TfV. .V.UiiKF.oOll CO., MICH. ±?=::i. 3fe ... ..-« h i..^^. ■'f' "^ .5^ ? <5 ,1., .,CE or oi . ^ i_ - . - ■> . PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 241 friends and neiglihors wlio have missed iiini in tlie various waliis of life. He was one of tlie earliest settlers of the county, and was well worthy of a representation in the history of its pioneers. ■ M M I I p t I >■ I >■ /^EORGE A. J.ATHAM. The gentleman III (— , whose name introduces this sketch is in- ^^( telligent and enterprising, and from l)oy- hood has been interested in agricultural pursuits. He has spent many years of his life in tilling and cultivating the soil, and is now in comfortable cir- cumstances. As one of the first settlers of Allen- dale Township, he has for j'ears been closely asso- ciated with the progress of Ottawa County. Born in the State of New York, he is a son of John and Mary (Osborne) Latham, who were also natives of the Empire State. Grandfather Kellogg Latham was a soldier in the War for Independence, and John Latham was an active participant in tlie War of 1812, being stationed in Connecticut. The ma- ternal grandfather, Israel Osborne, was also a Revo- lutionary soldier. He reared a large famil3', as did also Kellogg Latham. John Latham was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and when the subject of this sketch was about seven years of age he removed to Welling- ton, Ohio, and there lie followed his trade until be- coming quite advanced in years, when he aban- doned carpentr}" to take up farming. He contin- ued thus engaged until his death, which occurred about 18.j1, Ills wife having died about 1^S;J.^. They were the parents of three children: Julia, deceased; George A., who was born .September 5, 1821); and Clarissa, wife of S. E. Turner, of Grand Rapids, Mich. Mr. Latham had been mar- ried previous to his union with Miss Osborne, and by his first wife had become the father of eigiit children, as follows: Warren; Kaiicy, wife of George Cone; Almira, who married a Mr. Nelson; Eliza, the wife of (!. I). Graves; ALary A., Mrs. J. Balterson; Charles, Kellogg, and one tliat died young. George A. Latham was educated in the district schools of ()hi(j, and in his youth l)ecaine familiar with farm life. At the age of twenty he left the shelter of the parental roof. and. coming to Michi- gan, remained here from November, 1819, until June, 1850, when he returned to Ohio. After re- maining in the Ikickeyc State for some time, he returned to Michigan, and for eight years thereaf- ter made his home in Grand Rapids. During that time he was employed in a lumber-mill, and for a number of 3'ears afterward he was engaged as fore- man for Richard Roberts, who was the first settler of the county. In 18G0 he purchased eighty acres of timber land and eighty acres of farming land, selling one-half of the latter tract to his father-in- law, Isaac Tuttle, and disposing of the remaining forty acres to G. P. Reed. The first eight^'-acre tract he improved, and the larger part of it he has sold. For seven j'ears he was engaged in hand- ling lumber and timber in his township for Ferry cfe Son, of Grand Haven. LTpon abandoning that occupation, Mr. Latham came to his farm, but shortly afterward went to Muskegon, and there worked for his former em- ployers from November, 1866, to May, 1869, re- ceiving for liis services >ilOO per month. In 1869 he returned to his farm, where he remained about one year. He then commenced contracting with Dwight, Cutler & Savage, and for six 3'ears was in the employ of this firm. He then again re- turned to his farm, and for ten j'ears was success- fully engaged in tilling the soil. At that time he sold sixty acres of his propertj' and purchased forty acres of the land which he now owns, later increasing it by eighty acres, which he has since sold. He now owiisa sixty-acre farm, which is im- proved with a fine residence, good barns and a magnificent orchard of many of the best varieties of apples, peaches, i)eais and plums, besides hav- ing an excellent vineyard and quantities of small fruit. Jlr. Latham lias served his township as Su- pervisor for tlirce terms, Highway Commissioner for twelve years, and is now and for some years past has been Director of his school dis-trict. The first marriage of Mr. Latham united him with Miss Mai'y A. Tuttle, a native of Michigan, and a dauglitcr of Isaac Tuttle, one of the pioneer 242 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. settlers of the county. To them five children were born: Jackson E., of Kendall County, 111.; Edgar, Kellogg, Benjamin, and Mary E., deceased. Mrs. . Mary A. Latham died in the year 1872, and three 3'ears later our subject wedded Mrs. Susan M. Pixlej', a daughter of Asa Brown. Her parents were natives of Canada and Massachusetts, respec- tively. Mr. and Mrs. Latham lost their only daughter, who died at birth. They now have an adopted daughter, Deme B. Latliam. This worthy couple are members of tlie Congregational Church. Socially, he is a member of Ottawa Lodge No. 122, A. F. & A. M. In his political views he has always supported the men and measures of tlie Repub- lican partj'. D^'Y'VC OBERT G. WALKER. No industry is of such essential importance to every citizen i\ as that of the plumber and gas-filter. There '^ is no security for the health and comfort of the population where the best rules that gov- ern sanitar3' plumbing have been overlooked, for dread and insidious diseases invariably follow any violation of the principles of hygienic plumbing. Happily Muskegon numbers among her enterpris- ing tradesmen and mechanics some of the most reputable and experienced sanitary plumbers in the United States. Among the foremost of these is Robert G. Walker, whose past success and whose present reputation equally attest the superiority of his work. Mr. AValker opened his e3'es to the scenes of this world on the 18th of July, 1850, in Ontario, Canada, and is the son of Robert and Jane (Mooney) Walker. The father followed the occu- pation of a farmer for many jcars and met with substantial results. His death occurred in 1868, and his wife followed him to the grave in 1891. The^' were honest, upright citizens and worthj' of the respect and esteem in which they were held. Four children were born to their union, our sub- ject being the youngest in order of birth. The latter was reared on his father's farm, received a good practical education in the common schools, and later went to London, Canada, where he at- tended Jones & Bell's Commercial College until 1869, when he graduated. He remained in his native country until 1872, and then crossed the boundary line to the United States, settling in Monroe Count}-, Mich. There he bought and sold stock and shipped with John Stead, of Detroit, Mich. In 1880 he came to Mus- kegon and was emploj'ed as book-keeper in the plumbing, steam and gas fitting business of John J. Howden. He remained with Mv. Ilowden for eleven years, and in 1890 embarked in the plumb- ing and gas-fitting business for himself. His suc- cess is an excellent example of the result of energj' and perseverance, and should encourage all who are endeavoring to struggle through the difficul- ties that surround the starting of a new business. He carries a large stock of the finest gas fixtures and sanitary plumbing materials, which include every article in various styles that can be required in the comprehensive business. In the month of September, 1877, Mr. Walker was married to Miss Etta Trowbridge, a native of the Empire State, which she left to come to this State with her parents when but a girl. Tiiey have two children, Robert and Zula. Mr. AValker is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, and a member of Muskegon Lodge No. 92, 1. O. 0. F. In politics, he is a Republican. ^^3^ J~| AMES MALCOLM. As a progressive and successful agriculturist of Tallmadge Town- ship, the subject of this sketch is known, either personally or by reputation, to all the citizens of Ottawa County. During the long period of his residence here he has become insep- arably connected with the progress of the commu- nity', and while advancing his individual interests has also aided in developing the resources of the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 243 township and county. In connection with agri- i culture he lias also followed the trade of acaipen- ter, and through the intelligent prosecution of these two vocations he has accumulated a compe- tency. In Canada, August 23, 1826, our subject was born to the union of Daniel and Margaret (Cros- sett) JIalcohn, the former a native of Scotland, while the latter was born in New York, being the daughter of James and Margaret (Pescod) Cros- sett. The only child of his parents, our subject was given every advantage within their power to bestow upon him, and for some time he was a stu- dent in the common schools of Canada. He was emploj'ed on the home farm until he was twenty, when he commenced to learn the trade of a car- penter, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship followed that occupation in Canada for ten years. On coming to the States Mr. ^lalcolm sojourned for a lime in Grand Rapids, Mich., where he worked at his trade for one year. Feeling dissat- isfied, however, with the location and prospects offered b^' that city, he came to Ottaw^a County, where the indications were so favorable that he decided to purchase property here. The land that he purchased in Tallmadge Township in 18G1 was wholly unimproved, and it was onlj- after the most arduous efforts on his part that the "wilder- ness was made to bloom and blossom as the rose." Finally the land was cleared, the soil placed under cultivation, suitable buildings erected, and orna- mental and fruit trees planted, and the farm now ranks among the best in the vicinity. At the age of twcnt^'-lhree years Mr. Malcolm was united in marriage with Miss Klizabeth Par- nielia, daughter of Ebenezer and Sarah (Vincent) Stephens, and to this marriage ten children were born, as follows: Sarah Ann; Alelhca, who be- came the wife of John Yonker and resides in Grand Hai)ids; Hhoda; Minerva, the wife of Will- iam Schroder and a resident of Grand Rapids; George, who died August 24, 1893; James, Kbon, Thomas J., Rachel and John. The wife and mother died in 1888, mourned by all who knew her, but especially by the members of iior family, to whom she liarj always been tenderly attached. In his political belief Mr. Malcolm always casts his ballot in support of Democratic principles and can- didates. He has been the incumbent of numerous official positions, including the office of Township Commissioner, which he has held for four terms. Mr. Malcolm's father was twice married; b^y his first marriage he had three sons and four daughters, all deceased except one son, Jeremiah, who resides in Kansas. _«?:: I cSi ^i-^-.i^ll^#i^ jlEV. ALIJERTUS C. VAN RAALTE, D. D. No name is more widel}- known and re- f^ spected in Ottawa County- than that of the father of the Dutch settlements. He has imprinted himself on its history, and a hundred years hence his name will stand out in still bolder relief than it does to-day; for as the fruition of his life becomes more apparent his fame will increase. Dr. Van Raalte was a man of commanding appear- ance, short of stature, with a wide and thoughtful brow; a man of deep convictions and fully pos- sessed of the courage of these convictions; a man of magnificent education and tireless industry, with a will of iron, and a singular magnetism; a man born and bred for the leadership of his fellows. He w.as born at \Vanneperveen,in the Netherlands, October 17, 1811. His parents were Rev. Albertus Van Raalte and Christina Catherina Harking. Seventeen children were born of this union, of whom only four or five survive. After the completion of his classical studies. Dr. Van Raalte went to the Ihiiversity of Leyden, where he became an associate of a few congenial students, who had come under the influence of the men of the "Revcil," especially of the poet-his- torian, W. Bildcidyk. The great struggle for the freedom of the church had just commenced when Van Raalte graduated, in 1835, from the universit3'. He was one of the suspects, and the Provincial Ecclesiastical Roard of South Holland refused to admit him to the ministry- unless he would solemnly promise une