{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2764", "width": "1721", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "V C\u00c2\u00bb\\nc\u00c2\u00ab;\\nri-^V.l J,^*/^ fO J^\\n\u00c2\u00b0-n^.\\nv-^\\n:MS", "height": "2633", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0080\u00a23 .i^nL\\nJp\\njP-n^\\n-\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2-^V .4.*^ ..^L?* e6 o^^ j. ^b\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0t^-o^", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2633", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": ":?a. 7\\nSKETCHES\\nOF THE\\nCITY OF DETROIT,\\ni^.^r\\nSTATE OF MICHIGAN,\\nPAST AND PRESENT\\n1855.\\no# was^\\nDETROIT:\\nE. F. JOHNSTONE CO., PRINTERS, ADVERTISER OFFICE.\\n1855.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "M\\nEntered according to an Act of Congress in the Clerk s Office of the Diftrii-t Court of the\\nUnited States for the District of Michigan, by Robert E. Roberts.\\nol\\n.p^7", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "T/ic fvlJinnng iriff ^ilrfcftes of the hhtnry, ptcnniary condUion. resovrrpfi. an I prof frets rf the fttu of\\nDetioit -covfl/cd from aiU/iejitic daia, v Ul in part supply hiformatio7i fi equeiUli/ soucjlil ofter.\\nTHE CITY ITS HISTORY.\\nThe city of Detroit is situated on the north shore of the Detroit river or strait connecting\\nLakes Erie and St. Clair. The river is the boundary line between Michigan and Canada\\nWest. The city is 18 miles east of Lake Erie, and 7 miles west of Lake St. Clair, 300 miles\\nwest of Buffalo, and .545 from Washington, in Latitude 42 degrees 19 minutes 53 seconds\\nnorth, and Longitude West S2 dog. 58 sec. or from Washington west -5 deg 56 miu. 12 sec.\\nDifference in time from Washington miu. 44 sec. New Y ork city 34 min. 48 sec.\\nThe history of Detroit is most intimately connected with the history of the whole nortli-\\nwest, as its settlement dates among the first on the American continent Founded in the\\nstrife for sovereignity between the English and French governments, it became at an early\\nday, a point of central influence, importance and action. No place in the United States, it\\nhas been observed, presents such a series of events, interesting in themselves, and permanently\\naffecting as they occurred, its progress and prosperity. Five times its flag has been changed.\\nFirst the lily of France floated over its fortress, then the red cross of England, and next the\\nBtripes and stars of the United States, and then again the red cross, and lastly the stripes and\\nand stai-s.\\nThree ditferent sovereigns hai e claimed its allegiance, and since it has been held by the\\nUnited States its government has been thrice transferred twice it has been bcscigod by the\\nIndians once captured in war, and once burnt to the ground. Fire has scathed it the\\ntomahawk, scalping knife, and war club have been let loose upon it in the hands of an\\nunrelenting savage foe. It has been the scene of one surrender, of more than fifty pitched\\nbattles, and twelve horrid massacres.\\nTiie present site of the city as occupied by Indian villages at the period of the discovery\\nof the country. In IGIO it was 6r.-;t visited by the French. The whole lake region from its\\ndiscovery until 1762 was under the dominion of France. The legitimate settlement of the city\\nwas in 1701, at which time a fort called Ponchartraiu was erected. Its location was south\\nof Jeffei-son Avenue and east of Shelby street, occupying a space of about 200 feet square,\\nand recently while some workmen were e.Kcavating for the foundation to the improvements\\nnow being made to, and in rear of the JNIichigan Exchange, they came across some of the cedar\\npickets of the palisades whichencircled the fort. In 1749 emigrants were sent here fj-om Fr;uice\\nat the expense of the government. Here in 1 (03 that daring warrior I ontiac the great head\\nof the Indian race at that period, entered upon a bold plan of driving every white man over\\nthe Alleghanies and destroying all the English posts in the north west, simultaneously on a\\nfixed day. These consisted of thirteen -well garrisoned forts, stretching from Niagara and\\nPittsburgh all along the lakes to the Mississippi, and on the Wabash river. So secret were", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "SKBTCHS8 OF THK CITr OF DBTROIT.\\nbis plans, and so prompt was he in tlieir execution, tbat ten of these forts fell in a single day,\\nand their inmates were massacred but he himself met with a signal defeat at Detroit. Kurinc\\nthat year it was ceded to the British crown. In 1778 Fort Shelby was erected by the British\\ncommandant Major Ijb Noult, and called Fort Le Noult until after the war of 1H12, when it\\nwas named in honor of Governor Sliolby of Kentucky. It was located at the intorsection of\\nFort and Shelby streets, and was removed In 1827. In 17%, Captain Porter with a detach-\\nment of the American Army, under ticn. Wayne, entered the city and took possession of the\\nfort, which had been previously evacuated by tlie Bi-itish, and hoisted the first Sag bearing the\\nstripes and stars that ever floated in the Wolverine State.\\nThe ordinance of 1787 was then extended over this part of the north west territory which\\nwas governed by its first magistrate (ien. Arthur St. Clair.\\nThe fust Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in Detroit was organized at the house of\\nJames Donaldson, under sanction of the (Jrand Lodge of Canada, Dec. 19lh, 1794, which was\\nstyled Zion Lodge No. 10. James Donaldson was the first Vi M.\\nThe Territory of Michigan was formed in 1805, and William Hull was appointed the first\\nGovernor, with a judiciary, composed of Augustus B, AVoodward. James Griffin and Francis\\nBates, Judges, who organized a government at Detroit in July of that year. On the 11th of\\nJune previous, the town was almost entirely destroyed by fire, one house only remaining.\\nShortly after the catastrophe, an act of Congress was passed directing the governor and\\njnjges to lay out a new town including the site of the oue destroyed and ten thousand acres of\\nadjacent land.\\nIn 1807 Judge Bates resigned amd James Witherall was appointed i\u00c2\u00bb his place.\\nIn 1809 Rov. Oabrial Kichard. published the first newspaper printed in the city, styled the\\nJlicliigan Kssay or Imperial Observer: .lames M. Miller, printer.\\nJanuary 19, 1811. At a meeting of the Governor and Judges, Angn. itus B. Woodward\\non: of the Judges, himaclf clothed, completely in American manufactures, moved the following\\nresolution.\\nWhcrea-s, the encouragement of American manufactures is a duty imposed o^i the good\\ncitizens of the United Htates, by the dictates of benevolence as well as by the injunctions\\nof patriotism, and whereas the consumption of domestic manufactures is at the same time\\nthe most simple and most efficacious encouragement of them, and whereas it is at all times\\nbecoming that those who receive both honors and emoluments from the execution of pub-\\nlic trusts, should exhibit themselves the foremost in examples of utility, tlierefore, Resolved,\\nthat it be respectfully and earnestly recommended by the Legislative authority of the TiTritory\\nof Michigan, to all ofiiccre of this government, to appear clothed in articles the manufacture\\nof the continent of North America at all times when eng:iged in the execution of any public\\nduty, power or trust from and after the fourth day of July, 1813.\\nWhich was passed unanimously, and a copy thereof signed by the members and attested by\\nthe Secretary in order that it be deposited in the office of the Secretary of the Territory\\nAnd the Secretary to take such measures for the further publication and communication of\\nthe same as he may judge expedient\\nJanuary 1812. At a meeting of the Governor and Judges, a committee to whom was\\nreferred a communication from the commissioners of internal navigation in the State of New\\nYork reported as follows\\nWheroafi, the commissioners of internal navigation in the State of New York, have\\naddressed to the Governor and Judges of the Territory of .Michigan, a communication, relative\\nto a canal in the State of New York which being coiusidered, Resolved utjanimoasly, that\\nin the opinion of the undersigned the canal contemplated by the commissioners of internal\\nnavigation in the State of New York from Black Rock to Rome, would no. be so desirable\\nas a canil around the cataract of Niagara, another by the falls of the Oswego. The report\\nwas adopted and at a subsequent meeting the Governor and Judges signed a letter addressed", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nto 5 0v. Morris, Dewitt Clinton, William North, Thomas Eddy, Robert R. Livingston and\\nRobert F\u00c2\u00ablton Ksquires, commissioners of internal navigation of the State of New York,\\nenclosing a copy of the above resolution.\\nRenben Atwater, acting Governor, A. B. Woodvpard and James WitheroU, Jadges, com-\\njjosed the meeting.\\nHere that brave and magnanimous chief Tecumseh, the noblest of his race, rose,\\nreigned and fell. Tecumseh participated against us in all the conflicts, from the defeat\\nof Harniar in 1790, to the battle of the Thames in 1813, where he lost his life, and left no\\nspot or blemish on his honor or humanity.\\nOn the Kith of August, 1812, Detroit fell into the hands of the British. It was retaken\\nby the American army in 1813, and the territorial government re-organized in the fall of th\u00c2\u00ab:\\nj ear, by the appointment of Gen. Lewis Cass, as Governor, who immediately took up his resi-\\ndence at Detroit, which has ever since been his home.\\nThe President of the United States, James Monroe, visited Detroit in the month of August,\\n1817. Ilis arrival was celebrated by the firing of cannou, a public dinner and a gi-and illumi-\\nnation of tliecity at night. He w;is on an excursion for personal observation, of the country,\\nhaving passed through the New England states and visited various important points along\\nthe St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, and Niagara river, to Buffalo, where he embarked for this city\\nin a sail vessel, and insited various points upon Lake Erie. The citizens of Detroit presented\\nhim with a span of horses and carriage, with which he returned to Washington by land, visiting\\nall important points in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Jlarylaiid. Mr. Monroe was the only Presi-\\ndent of the United States who ever visited Detroit, during his official term.\\nIn 1817 John P. Sheldon published a newspaper styled the Detroit Gazette, which was the\\nfirst successful newspaper printed in Michigan.\\nWith eveiy natural facility of becoming a place of importance, the condition of Detroit for\\nmany years depended on the precarious support afforded by the fur trade, the disbursment of\\npublic moneys while a military post, and the liberal appropriations by government for public\\nobjects.\\nThe impulse and effect produced by the settlement and cultivation of the surrounding country\\nwas wanting until about the year 1830, when emigration, which had previously been small,\\nrapidly increased, and farms and small villages began to thicken along the lines of the turnpike\\nroads which had been constructed by the general government. These were the Chicago,\\nleading to Illinois the Saginaw, to the head of Saginaw Bay, the Fort Gratiot to the foot of\\nLai;e Huron, and the Grand River to Lake Michigan at the mouth of Grand River.\\nDETROIT IN 1778 Interesting Narrative.\\nThe compiler is indebted to Hon. Alexander D. Eraser, for the following very interesting\\nsketch\\nThe following narrative was taken down from the lips of James Jlay, Esq., my father-in-\\nlaw, who died in January, 1829. He was an Englishman who came to this place when a\\nyoung man, in 1778. He was Chief Justice of Common Pleas, established here immediately\\nafter General Wayne took possession of the country, under Jay s treaty was Colonel of Mi-\\nlitia, c. When the American Flag was hauled down by order of Genl. Hull, in 1812, at the\\ntime of the surrender, he got possession of it, and kept it until Genl. Harrison arrived, when\\nit was again hoisted. A. D, F.\\nMy Note Book, 1E2S.\\nIn the year 1778, after a passage of four days from Fort Erie, I arrived by the brig-of-war\\nGenl. Gage, at the settlement of Detroit. No vessels at that time navigated upon the lakes,\\nupon account of the revolutionary war which then raged, excepting those of His Majesty\\nnot even the smallest craft had this permission. Previous to that time, but few vessels ever\\nvisited the lakes, and those very few and of an inferior class indeed, no merchant vessel had\\nas yet ploughed the waves of the lakes.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "6 SKETCHES OF THK CITY OF DETROIT.\\nThe old town of Detroit comprised within its limits that space between Mr. Palmer s store\\n(Conant Block) and Copt Perkins house, (near the Arsenal building.) and extended back as\\nfar a5 the public barn, anil in fionl w:is bordered by the Detroit river. It was an oblong\\nsquare and covered about two acres in lenpth, and an acre and nhalfin breadth. It wassur-\\nronnded with oak and cedar pickets about fifteen feet long. The town had four gates, east,\\nwest, north aud south. Over the first three of these gates were block houses. Each of these\\nhad four guns, (six-pounders, each.) The first of these was in that space intervening between\\nPalmer s shop, and Judge Door s housc,(opposito Ives bank.) The west block-house was before\\nthe ground on which Capt. J erkins house now stands. The third blockhouse was at the\\nnorth gate, which was iuside of a small bridge that is on the ro;id to the fort, and near the\\npublic magazine, Olr. Austin s house, Congress street.) There wore besides two six gun bat-\\nteries fronting the river, and in a parallel direction with the blockhouses. There were\\nfour streets that run east and west the main street was twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen\\nfeet wide. There were three cross streets, running north and south, from ten to fifteen feet\\nwide. At that time there was no fort, but there Wiis a citadel on the ground on which Per-\\nkins house now stands, (N. W. comer of Jclferson avenue and Wayne street.) the pump of\\nwhich still remains there. The citadel was picketed in, and within it were erected barracks of\\nwood, two stories high, sufficient to contain ten offices and there were barracks sufficient to\\ncontain from three to four hundred men a provision store built of brick. There w:is also\\nwithin the citadel an hospital and snard house.\\nIn the town of Detroit, in the year ITT there were about sixty houses, most of them\\nof one story high, and a few of them a story and a half but none of them were two stories.\\nThey were all of logs, some hewn and some round. There was also a building of a splendid\\nappearance, called the King s Palace. It was two stories high. It was situated near the east\\ngate, and .stood where Conant s now building (Beecher s store) now stands. The pump which\\nnow stands behind that building stood in the rear of the Government House. Attached to\\nthis house was a large garden extending towards the river, which contained many fruit trees.\\nWhen I came here it wa.s occupied by Governor Hamilton, for whom it was built. He was\\nthe first Governor commisssioned here by the British Government, and was here abont three\\nyears before I came. There were four companies of thf Eishth PSegiment, two companies of\\nButler s Rangers, and one company of the Fourth IJogimcnt. The latter were uivler the\\ncommand of Capt. Anbcy, the former under Capt. CaMiveil. unl Eighth Regiment command-\\ned by Major Levorault, who was also commanding officer of the post and it.i dependencies.\\nAll these constituted about 500 troops. There wu3 a guard-house near the west gate, and\\nanother near the Govornment House. Each of these guards consisted of twenty-four, and a\\nsubaltern officer, who mounted regularly every morning between nine and ten o clock. Each\\nof these guards furnished four sentinels who relieved every two hours There was also an\\nofficer of the day who did strict duty. All these gates were shut regularly at sun-set, and even\\nwicket gates were shut at 9 o clock regularly, and the keys wore delivered into the hands of the\\ncommanding officer. They were opened in the morning at sunrise. No Indian whatever, or\\nsqnaw was permitted to enter the town wit h any in.slrnmcnt, such as a tomahawk, or even knife.\\nIt was a standing order that the Indians should deliver the.so before they were permitted\\nto pass, into the hands of the sentinel, and they were restored when he relumed. No mor\u00c2\u00ab\\nthan twenty-five Indians were allowed to idme into town at the .same lime they were per-\\nmitted to come in only at the east and west gates. At sunset the drum beat, and all the\\nIndians were compelled to leave town instantly. It was alwajTi the signal; strict search was\\nmade by the soldiers that none might be concealod and if it was discovered that even a squaw\\nWU.-I secreted but fur a night, severe reprehension was sure to follow.\\nThere was a Council House, for the purjiosc of holding council with the Indians. It wn.9\\nnear the waterside, rear of the Government House. There was n Uoman Catholic Church\\nsituated whore Puyno s brick bouse now stands, (near the Masonic Hall.) The Priest was", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nthen Peter Simple, an aged aud infirm man, and adjoining it was the Priest s house and bury-\\ni ig-gronnd. The church was 60 by 40 feet, one story high, with two steeples and two bcUa.\\nThe population of the town was sixty families, in all about two hundred males and one\\nhunderd females. They the men were chietly bachelors. There was not a marriage in\\nthe place for a number of years, until I broke the ice. Twenty of these persons were traders\\nand kept retail stores. Of the population there were 30 Scotchmen, 4 Englishmen and 15\\nIrishmen.\\nThe extent of the settlement up the Detroit Hirer reached about Hudson s House (now\\nFisher s) not a house above that place in this country, until you reached Miehilimackinac,\\nwhere there was a small settlement B._low Detroit it was settled on the banks of the Kiver\\nas far as Springwells, but not beyond that. These settlements were entirely confined to the\\nbank of the River, and there was no settlement or improvement in any other part of this\\nTerritory than that in the immediate vicrnity of Detroit. These settlers were all French Ca-\\nnadians, and the whole population of the settlomeiit, exclusive of the Military, might be about\\n700 soul^f. It was at that time considered a journey to go from Springwells iato the other ex-\\ntremity of the settlement.\\nThe Indian trade was then excellent. There was much public money then in circulation here,\\nfor the troops and the Js avy Department, were then strong here. This post was established\\nby the British to keep the Indians in check, of whom they were afraid; and this was the rea-\\nson why the old town was built go compact, that it might in case of urgency be more able to de-\\nfend it against the assaults of the Indians. The different tribes were Hurons, Wyandotts, Chip-\\npewas and Pottawattamies, Taways and the Moravians. Prequently between 3 and 500 of\\nthese could be seen at a time during the revolutionary war. The civil department consisted\\nof two Justices of the Peace, one of these was the late Thomas Williams Esq, (father of the\\nlate Maj. Gen. John R. Williams) and the other was the (iovernor or Commanding officer,\\nfor the time. The Orderly Sergeant was the Constable. The justice kept the peace, and the\\ncommanding officer took cognizance of all cases under \u00c2\u00a310 York. For all sums above this,\\nwrits came from Montreal, addressed to Williams, who got his Baihff to e.xecnte them..\\nIn case of small debts, on a complaint to the Commanding officer, he sent his oiderly to tha\\ndebtor, requesting his immediate attendance before that officer. He would then hear the\\nparties and make his determination accordingly. If against the defendant, he would order\\nhim instantly to pay the money, or send him to the Guard House until he complied, and\\nsome times would give a little time to pay; there was no process or costs iu these cases. If\\nthe debtor, however, had no property, the party was set at liberty. One Granchin owed\\nme a debt. I complained to Gov. Hamilton, who sent for him. He came, and being asked\\nif he had any thing to say against the debt, he said no. He then ordered him to give me\\nan old negro wench in payment, and she served me twenty-five years.\\n1779. The Governor, getting tired of administering Justice, proposed to the merchants to\\nestablish a Court of Trustees with jurisdiction extending to ten pounds Halifax. Eighteen of\\nthese Trustees entered into a Bond that three of them should be a weekly Court in rotation,\\nand that they sliould defend any appeal which might be taken to the Courts of Montreal.\\nThis court lasted for about eighteen months, and none ever appealed from it. It was consid-\\nered as a court of conscience. They had certain forms of process, they rendered judgment,\\nand issued executions. They had a constable and a Cleik, and imprisoned their prisouera ia\\nthe Guard House.\\nOur goods were imported from Montreal. The only mode of conveyance wasby tho King s\\nship, who delivered them here free of freight.\\nWhen an Indian committed a depredation on the Canadians they generally rose in a body,\\naud hung the Indian without any ceremony. The citizens depended principally for eatables on\\nthe Indians who supplied them with the cjuadrupeds of the forest. A milch cow was theu", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "8 SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\ngcDcrallr sold fur one hundred dollars, and a pair of steers would sell for two hundred and\\nfifty dollars.\\nThe circulating medium in the country consisted chiefly of paper money iitsued by the mer-\\nchants, from a sixpence to twenty shillinfrs ami purported to be payable to the bearer. Perrais-\\nsion was given by the Governor to strike olf so much money in sliiii jilasters as a person had\\nproperty to redeem in that monlL The property was valued by appraisers, or a bond was\\ngiven with security to redeem. On the day of payment, each trader exchanged with him who\\nhad his bills, and this was found to answer every purpose of trade, and seldom or ever any loss\\naccrued from this modo of dealing. At this time the Indians used to sjjcar the fish, and sell\\nthem here for rum and whislvcy.\\nThe citiz-jni all lived then like one family, had Detroit assemblies where ladies never went\\nwithout being in their silks. The people dressed very richly. Assemblies were once a week,\\nand sometimes ouce a fortnigliL Dining parties were frequent, and they drank thoir wine\\nfreely.\\nUETROtT IN 1S05 -Before tbo Fire.\\nThe old town previous to the fire, occupied a site embraced within the following limits\\nGriswold St. on the east, and Cass street on the west, and extending from the river to Larned\\nstreet, secured by a stockade on the west and east running from the river to Fort Shelby,\\npresent north line of Congress street.) In rear of the fort was the Royul Military garden, on\\nthe ea.st the Commanding Officers Field, and east of the stockade on the bank of the river was\\nthe Xavy Garden. Where Woodward avenue now is, and between Woodbridgc and\\nAtwater streets was ihe Navy Yard. The names of the streets in the old town were St.\\nLouis, St. Ann, St Joseph, St. James, St. Honore and L Erneau. The width of the widest\\n(St. Ann) was but 20 feet, at either end of which were gates forming the only entrances into\\nihe city. A carriage way which was calleil Chemin du Ronde. encircled the town just inside\\nthe palisades. A large creek called River Savoyard bordered by low marshy grounds\\nseparated the high ridge upon whicli the old town was built, from the high grounds along the\\nsummit of which runs at present Fort street. This creek extended from the river near the\\nlower line of the (Jass farm, along a line between Congress and Larned streets to Wooiiward\\navenue, and across Congress street and Micliigan avenue, into Fort street; thence ei^t along\\nthe line of Fort street. That part of the town not required for public use was subdivided\\ninto 59 lots. The names of freeholders in the old town were Askin, Abbott, McDonald,\\nMcDougall, Meldrum, Parke, Grant, Chagrin, McGregor, Campau, McKea, Oadney, Macomb,\\nKoe, Howard, Tremble, Spaikin, Leith, Wilhams, Ridley, Frazer, Haines, Dolson, Jayer,\\nI/ofoy, Thebauld, Duhamel, St. Cosmo, Bclanger, LaFlcur, Cote, Scott, LaFoutaine, Bird,\\nStarling, Andrews?, Ilarfoy and Ford.\\nThe destruction of the old town was so far fortunate that it led to the adoption of a plan\\nbetter adapted to a city, such as Detroit has become.\\nTHE NRW TOWN.\\nThe site of the city is an elevation of aliout 30 fi-ct, along the river front, rising farther\\nback to about GO feet, alTordingmnst perfect drainage, covering an area within its corporate\\nlimits of 33G8 acres, about ono-third of which is closely covered by buildings. These limits\\nwill probably be enlarged on the river front in each direction at the meeting of the next\\nLegislature.\\nThe Governor and Judges who laid out the new town, seemed to anticipate the future\\nimportance of the city, and to their foresight, good taste and judgment, are we indebted for the\\nreserves of the Grand Circus, Campus Marlius, Kast, West Centre and Capitol Parks, and\\nthe numerous wide avenues, from P20 to 200 feet in width.\\nIt is in contemplation now to soon embellish tho parks and cirousses with public fountains.\\nDetroit was incorporated a city by an act of the Governor and Judges in ISl. j, seven years", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\n9\\nbefore Boston bore the name and privileges of a city, and the government was vested in five\\ntrustees. This act was suspended in 1824, by a new charter passed by the Legislative council,\\nwhen the late Gen, John R. Williams, was chosen Mayor.\\nSec. 1, of the act of 1815 reads as follows\\nBe it enacted, by the Governor and Judges of Michigan that so much of an Act to repeal\\nall Acts of the parliament of England and of the parliament of Great Brittain within the Terri-\\ntory of Michigan in the United States of America, and for other purposes as repeals An\\nAct to incorporate the Town of Detroit enacted by the Legislative Council and House of\\nRepresentatives of the Xorth Western Territory, in General Assembly, approved at Chillicotlie\\non the eighteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and\\ntwo, be and the same are hereby repealed. Hon. Solomon Sibley, was chairman of the\\nfirst Board of Trustees, and Thomas Rowland, Secretary. In 1816 the Board consisted of\\nGeorge McDougall, Abram Edwards, Oliver W. Miller, Peter J. Desnoyers and Stephen Mack.\\nGeorge McDougall chairman, and Thos. Rowland, Secretary.\\nThe first public market house was erected in 1816 by C.ipt. Benj. Woodworth, undor a\\ncontract with the Trustees, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. It was built in the centre\\nof AVoodward avenue, a little south of Jeflerson avenue, and covered a space of about 30 by\\n70 feet, one story high, composed merely of a roof supported by posts, and enclosed with\\nslats three inches apart, and served as a public whipping place until the law was repealed. The\\nculprits were placed outside with their hands thrust through the slats and tied on the inside,\\nwhen the officer would apply the lash on the bare hack of the victim.\\nWhen Detroit was first incorporated as a city, the only road leading out of it was the one up\\nand down the river. The mail was brought around the lake, through Ohio, on horseback, and\\nwhen the road was very bad a man cairied it on his shoulders through the Black Swamp.\\nThe first line of carriages between Detroit and Ohio was established in 1827.\\nDetroit is a port of entry, the commercial metropolis of the State of Michigan, and occupies\\na central position on the great chain of rivers and lakes two thousand miles in extent, and\\nforming together the greatest body of inland navigable waters in the world.\\nThe following will show in a condensed form, estimates of the mean, length, breadth, depth,\\narea and elevation of the Several bodies of water which compose the great chain.\\n5 5\\na p\\n-.OU\\n10\\n3.0\\n240\\n2(1\\n2-10\\n180\\nau\\n21)\\n70\\n80\\n18\\n40\\n35\\nyuu\\n500\\nliOO\\n1000\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2M\\n84\\nSCO\\n\u00c2\u00a30\\n87\\n66\\n578\\nST\\n670\\n\u00c2\u00a368\\ni3i\\n3- UOU\\n2U0I)\\n12 .00\\n20 400\\nlytke St Ciair\\nc60\\n9,C0 1\\ne,300\\n940\\n94,UI U\\nThe location of the city is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the surrounding country,\\nwith Canada in the foreground, and of the river for miles above and below until intercepted\\nby beautiful islands. It was originally ^selected by the natives of the forest with their usual\\nsagacity, as a site for their villages, and was thus occupied before the Lake Country was\\ndiscovered by Europeans two hundred and fortj -five years ago, and for about ninety years after-\\nwards, oruntil the year of our Lord 1701, when it was taken possession of by the French who\\nerected Fort Ponchartrain for the purpose of establishing a fur trading post, and protect-\\ning the traders.\\nTIinE S CHANGES.\\nThe compiler of these sketches first visited this city in the spring of 1827, without any\\nintention of permanently locating here, but a short residence suificed to render his attachment\\nenduring, and it has ever since been his homo. Having never been from it more than a few", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "10\\nEK\u00c2\u00a3TC11ES OF TUB CITY OF DETROIT.\\nweeks at a time, visiting eastern cities, and at each successive retui-n be has bailed with\\ndelight his approach to the good old City of the Straits, up its beautirul river of the\\npurest of water. There is no other de-lroil like it, with its elevated shores, lined with\\nvillages, villas, stately mansions, Frciich lanii-liousos, windmills, and pear trees of nioro\\nthan a century s growth; its broad strciiin deep and clear with no veto sandbars or snako-\\nhead3 to intcrrvpt, and no fleet of 8103111 Tugs and Lighters to aid navigation.\\nDetroit in l ^27 was the only municipal corporation in the territory of Miibigan. It\\ncontained a population at that time of about two thou.sand souls, which was about one-\\ntenth the population of the wliole territory, who were .settled along the I^akes and rivere,\\nfrom Monroe to St. Clair, Mackinaw and Creen Bay; and but little was known of the\\ninterior of the territory, which v.-as for the most part a wildcri.ess of forest and prairie,\\nthough a few scattered settlements had been made in Waslitenaw and Oakland counties,\\nwith here and there a log house. A water flour mill had been erected a year or two previous\\natPonliac,by Col. Stephen Mack and Hon. Solomon Sibley, which was the first in Michigan.\\nTho city at that time wiis but little else than a military and fur-trading post. The\\ninhabitants were princii)ully native French, though there were a number of families here\\nfrom tho eastern States, but not mo.e timn a dozen from any foreign country.\\nThe buildings were mostly constructed of wood, one or two stories high, with steep roofs\\nand dormer windows. Tho banks of the river within view of tho city wore studded with\\nwind gi ist mills, and flour was brought to tho city and sold only in sacks. Since that time\\ngreat changes have taken place, and scarcely a vestage of tho old city remains. A great\\nportion of tho then limits of the city, have been swept over by fire and re-built with substan-\\ntial business buildings.\\nThen the steam boat arrivals were three or lour a week, now there arc eight or ten a\\nday.\\nThen there were but three or four wharvoj at which vessels could unlade; now its docks\\nCitena for moio than two miles. Then there were but two or throe turnpiko roads leading\\nfrom the city, now there arc plank roads and railroads in every direction.\\nThen a mail from the ea^t arrived once or twice a week, now we have three or four from\\nthe east daily, and tho telegraph wires extending in various direction.*!, permitting instant\\ncommunication with far distant points.\\n(The tolograph lino w^s completed to Detroit, and dispatches were received from the city\\nof New York for the first time, .March 1st, IStS.)\\nThen the fronts of tho residences of James Abbott, Col. Anderson, Gen Larncd, tho\\nbrothers Cote, Mrs. Deveram and Dr. Hard, situated on the west side of Woodwai d avenue,\\nbetween tho river and Congress street, were shaded by an almost continuous row of stalely\\ntrees. There was the old meat mmket in ^\\\\\u00e2\u0096\u00a0oodward avenue, below Jetl erjon, and the old\\nwooden Presbyterian church, corner of l.iarned street and Woodward avenue. The\\nresidence of Robert Smart, Esq., south of the Church, and at tho corner of AVoodward\\navenue and Woodbridgc street was the Godfrey House, nearly opposite was Smith s TuA-err.\\nWhore the National now stands, there was a small yellow house in the centre of n\\nlargo potato lot and beyond was a vast common, tho Jail, whore Centre Park now is,\\ntho Methodist Church a little to tho oast, lill s Tavern near the grand circus, (ion. Williams\\nbarn, and an occasional shantec. Tlie. ^o were oil that intercepted u view of tho forest\\nbeyond.\\nIn Judge Sibley s field, west of AVoodward avenue and north of the residence of Dr. 1 unield,\\nwas a small Fort, called Fort Croghan. which had been thrown up by the citizens and mounted\\nwith a few pieces of artillery for the purpose of protecting the inhabitants against the incur,\\nsions of the Indians, who came from the woods and drove ofl cattle that were feeding on the\\ncommons and murdered llie inhabitants.\\nOn Jofi erson avcnuo, west of AVoodwai-d, there were in tho first two blocks a number of", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "SKETCHE3 OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 11\\nsmall stores interspersed with dwellings, and those extended to the lino of tho Cass farm\\njust below Cass street.\\nThe Cass Farm was then a farm with but the farm-house, barns, c., and an Indian\\nstore-house and distillery on the lower line, and an ox mill on the ri^er front.\\nTho first block in Jefferson Avo. oast of Woodward was occupied on either side by small\\nstores, and on the N. W. corner of Bates street was the store and dwelling of Peter J.\\nDesnoyer, Esq. On the south-oast corner the store and dwelling of Gen. J E. Williams,\\neast of which was Pat. Palnier s tavern, and the residences of John Whipple, Judge Chipman\\nand Barnabus Canipau, Esq., and on the corner tho Masonic Hall and Council House.\\nCrossing Randolph street on tho site now occupied by tho BidJle House was the\\nbrick residence of Maj. John Biddlo constructed by Governor Hull, in ISO and it was the\\nfirst brick house built in tho city, and next the rasidenoa of Hon. E. A. Brush opposite\\nwas the brick residence and extensive fruit garden of Judge Sibloy. On the north-west\\ncorner of Randolph street was the Bank of Jlichigan, formerly occupied by tho Detroit\\nBank, chartered in 1806 and broke in 1810, and west wore the residences of Major Kearsley,\\nDr. Brown and Thos. F. Knapp. All these are now gone, and witli the exception of the\\nold arsenal and the residence of the late T. S Wendell, Jos. Campan s dwelling, and\\nSmart and Dcsnoyer s stores, not a building remains along tho whole extent of Jefferson avc-\\neaue, which was existing in 1827.\\nJefferson avenue until about this time terminated at tho line of the Brush form, when it\\nwas opened up as far as Russell street, but with stern opposition from the owners of the farms.\\nThere were then no buildings to obstruct tho view of tho fields and woods beyond,\\nfrom the avenue in tho vicinity of Brush street. The only road at the time to Hamtramck\\nand Gross Point was on the river beach, to gain which from the avenue down Randolph\\nstreet, you passed the Steamboat Hotel, the principal tavern in the city, kept by Capt.\\nBenj. Woodworth, brother of tho author of the Old Oaken Bucket. Capt. W. emi-\\ngrated to this city in ISOG; and now resides at St. Clair. Nearly opposite tho botol was the\\nresidence of Dr. McCoskrey, uncle of the present worthy Episcopal Bishop of tlio diocese\\nof Michigan. Doct. McC. came to Detroit witli Wayne s army in 1790, of which he\\nwas the surgeon. Turning from Randolph into Atwater st. on the south, was the Carding\\nand Full Cloth Factory of Messrs. French Eldred; and just beyond, at the foot of\\nBrush street was the Smith Shop of Harvey Williams, in front of which Cho-minck, son of\\nthat notorious Indian Chief, Kish-ka-go killed an Indian. Kish-ka-go and son were\\narrested and lodged in Jail. Kish-ka-go supposed that he was detained for the murder of\\nsome white man, he having killed several, and he could not bo persuaded to the contrary,\\nthough informed of the fact by Col. Beaufait. His reply to the Col. was, no the hats never\\nforget. Kish-ka-go called himself tho son of thunder. He sent a messenger to Saginaw\\nwith instructions to sumI ^ons his band together and hold a wa-bi-no to importune thunder,\\n(his father,) to come and throw down the jail and liberate him, on a particular day he\\nnamed. Tho Chief waited patiently and sullenly for tho day when he was to be liberated.\\nThe day came, but thunder did not, and ho committed suicide by taking poison furnished\\nby his squaw. Che-miuck, escaped from the Jail and was not retaken.\\nEast of Randolph street, extending along the front of tho Brush, Beaubien, Moran,\\nRivard, Mullet, Gouin and Dequindre Farms were extensive old Pear Orchards of centurial\\ntrees they having been transplanted there from that enchanted garden of Europe La\\nbelle France by the early French imigrants who brought the young trees with them.\\nIn front of these was a green lawn with a gentle slope to the beach of the river.\\nAnnually, in the month of June, thousands of Indians came from the Upper Lakes on\\ntheir way to Maiden to receive presents from the British Government, who stopped and\\nlined the beach with their birchen cauoes, and pitched their tents beneath the shade of\\nthese trees,", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "12\\nSKETCHES OF THE CITV OF DETROIT.\\nOn recalling to memory those old Pear trees, and the green lawn beneath and in front\\nof thcra, the many pleasant hoars spent rambling there, eating of their delicious fi-uit,\\nwe contemplate with regret the changes; scarce half a dozen of the old trees remaining;\\nthe iron rails are stretched, and the fizing and rumbling of the iron horse is heard\\nwhere they were. On turning down the river to the other line of the oity, and recalling\\nthe delightful promenade along the high banks of the river, which at this point formed a\\nbeautiful bay, across the fronts of the Cass, Jones, Forsyth, L.iBrossc, Baker and Wood-\\nbridge farms, and sweeping down past the residences of Robert Abbott, and Judge May,\\nand reflecting that this, too, has been sacrificed and leveled low. to accommodate commer-\\ncial and niilwayfacihtics, still more does it cause one to regret that the .Star of Empire in its\\nwestward flight visited the City of the Straits. It m.akes ono almost sigh with the ancient\\nhabilans, at the remembrance of those times when tho city was visited by an occasional\\nsteamer to bear away the furs, fish and sugar brought hither in the birch canoe, from the\\nlake country above, and wish for tho return of the good old days when the Indian canoe,\\nFrench callash, carryall and charrette,were the only vehicles of conveyance. IJutfew of the\\nbuildings of that day now remain. The most compact part of the city was between Jeflereon\\navenue and the river, and the only buddings of that day now standing there, are Jos. Cam-\\npan s dwelling on Jefferson avenue, and the Hanks house on Bates street all the rest are\\ngone, and tho most of tlioni wcro swept off by fire.\\nOn Woodward avenue the dwelling of John Owen Kgq. now occupied by John Webster as a\\nhardware store, is the oidy ono remaining. Besides these, there is tho old farm house of\\nGen. Cass, which is now on tho north side of Larned street. The brick dwellings of\\nMessrs. Jackson and Cooper, on Michigan avenue, the Academy near the water works\\noffice on Bates street, the Browning House farther up, tho Cathedral of St. Ann, and part\\nof the Bishop s palace, since encircled by brick, the Al)bott house opposite, (which was\\non that s^pot when the town w.as destroyed by lire in 180. and it is the only ono of that\\nday, except the Moran farm house on AVoodhridgo street, now remaining in the limits of\\nthe city.) Tho Andre house on Randolph street, and the ono opposite occupied by the\\nCatholic Sisters School, and the dwelling of Mr.-s. McDonald, corner of Fort and Shelby sts.,\\nformerly tho quartere of tho commanding oflicors of Fort Shelby.\\nTho above, it is believed, aro the only buildings of ls 27 that now remain, except some\\nthat may have been re-built or re-modoled sn as not to be identified at this time.\\nFort Shelljy was removed in 1827 8, and the earth was used in filling up the embank-\\nment then being constructed along the whole water front of the city, by order of the\\nauthorities, the expense of which was assessed on the adjoining property. This was done\\nas a sanitary measure, and tho health of tho city, which a year or two previous had been\\nbad, was very much improved.\\nIDAVORS.\\nThe following gentlemen have held the ofiice of Chief Magistrate of tho city, and wore\\nolccted lus IVdlows:\\nJohn R. Williams, elected in 1824 John R. Williams, 1825 Henry I. Hunt, 1826; John\\nBiddle, 1827; John Biddio, 182S Jonathan Koai-sley, l i20 John R. Williams, 1830;\\nMarshall Chapin, 1831 Levi Cook, 183 Marshall Chapin, 1833 Chaides C. Trowbridge,\\n1834, resigned in August, and Andrew Mack elected to fill vacancy; Levi Cook, 1835;\\nLevi Cook, 1836; Henry Hi ward, 1837 .\\\\ugustus S. Portor, 1838; resigned in the\\nfall, and .\\\\sher B. Bates. Recorder, acted; Do Garmo Jones, 1839; Zina Titchor, 1840;\\n/Ana Ditcher, 1841; Douglass Houghton, 1842: Zina Ditcher, 1813; John R.Williams, 1844;\\nJohn R. Williams, 1845 John R. Williams, 1846 James A. Van Dyke, 1847 Frederick\\nBulil, 1848 Charles Howard, 184 J John Laduo, 1850; Zachariah Chandler, Is.M John\\nH. Harmon, 1852 John H. Harmon, 1853; Oliver M. Hyde, 18. )4 and Hcnr)- l c lyard, 55-", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THB CIT? OF DETROIT. 13\\nTheir business or profession and term of service were as follows:\\nJohn R. Williams, Merchant, 6 terms\\nHenry I. Hunt, do 1 Jo\\nJohn Biddle, Officer U. S. A., 2 do\\nJonathan Kcarsley, Officer U. S. A. 1 do\\nMarshall Chapin, Physician, 2 do\\nLevi Cook, Merchant, -3 do\\n-C. C. Trowbridge, Banker, ...-.-Ido\\nAndrew Mack, seaman,\\nHenry Howard, Merchant -Ido\\nAun-ustus S. Porter, Lawyer, _ _ _ __ _ _ jj^\\nAshcr B. Bates, Lawyer,\\nDe Garmo Jones, Merchant, -Ido\\nZina Pitcher, Physician, 3 do\\nDouglass Houghton, Physician, -Ido\\nJames A. Van Dyke, Lawyer, Ido\\nFrederick Buhl, Merchant, -Ido\\nCharles Howard do 1 do\\nJohn Ladue, Tanner, -Ido\\nZachariah Chandler, Merchant, 1 do\\nJohn H. Harmon. Printer, ..-.-2 do\\nOliyer M. Hyde, Merchant, Ido\\nHenry Ledyard, Lawyer, -Ido\\nHenry I. Hunt died during his official term in 26, Marshall Chapin died in 1838, Douglass\\nHoughton died in 1845, De Garmo Jones died in 184G, John Ladue died in lSr 4-, John R.\\nWiUiams died in 1854, Andrew Mack died in 1854, and James A. Van Dyke died in 1855.\\nJohn Biddle is now sojourning in France, Augustus S. Porter now resides at Black Rock,\\nN. Y., Henry Howard in Buffiilo N. Y., and AsherB. Bates in Sandwich Islands. Jonathan\\nKearsley, Levi Cook, Charles C. Trowbridgo, Zina Pitcher, Frederick Buhl, Charles Howard,\\nZachariah Chandler, John H. Harmon, Oliver M. Hyde and Henry Ledyard, the present in-\\ncumbent, all reside here.\\nPOPCr.ATION.\\nThe population of the city proper returned in the spring of 1354, as taken by .luthority of\\nthe State, was 40,373. A population of 3,000 reside in contiguous city suburbs, which for\\nall business estimates should properly bo taken into account.\\nA portion of the population are foreigners, many of whom are uneducated, and do not speak\\nEnglish at all. They regard the operation of the census as a preparatory process to tax\\nthem according to their numeration, and it is now known that the census taken was quite\\nbelow the true number. A full census of the city and suburb population, which are substan-\\ntially one, would have shown a population of from 47,000 to 50.000 souls.\\nThe population at the following periods, from 1820, was as follows:\\nIt 1820 it was 1, 4?\\nISSO 8,222\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Incro^ -.e in 10 yrar?, _..7S0\\n1540 e.l02\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ...6,880\\n1850 21,019\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ...11917\\n1854 40,373\u00e2\u0080\u0094 4 ...19,354\\nIt will be seen that the population has doubled in the four years preceeding 1854, and\\nthe water assessment just made shows that the ratio of increase has not diminished during\\nthe past year. The assessor found five hundred and seventy-five families residing in the\\ncity more than there were one year ago.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "14 SKETCHES OF THE CITY OK DETROIT.\\nPROPERTY VAlitJATION.\\nTtaeTilaation of reAlund p(*n\u00c2\u00abonnl property a !~rKAPi) n tte cil.v n \\\\^^i wa 912 618,115\\nArtUf T dilTeence Wtw-en vilunli n for purpowi of laxioi? o- of trafiSc 4,172,705\\nA(l 1 for real and [ler-ional i ro{crt7 of milroaUs bank c,, which pay a tax in groM to the, State of on4\\npercent, on iheircnilul 3,600,000\\nAOdfor Church irop-rty not tii 1 l, M)0,nOO\\nPublic I rt i\u00c2\u00bbfrtv not laXL d wa fmorki* en(;luvhouf \u00c2\u00abp, mil k-l\u00c2\u00ab, public schoola, A:c. Ca 500,tH 0\\nCounly aLd Central t overnment buildings 100 COO\\n9:l, t.o,8:.o\\nThe follov\u00c2\u00bbirg^u5ine*8a1atVtics werp returtied with the ccnina in the wpnrg of 1854:\\nThe capital iDTes pd in nianufHcturea wi hin the ttc proper in 1864 waa ...._. ,..fl.flRo,ifo\\nTlie pri ductit of the pr* ce\u00c2\u00bbdlnc v^ar from mariufuctuien were 9 ,o|3 o- o\\nllm talue of tncrchacdi e imi^ortcd in 1 5 lor the purpose (f -a.c was ,$i,4ii,T0J\\nFUBI IC DISBl RSEnENTS 1853-4.\\nThe disl ursfraentB for in-p-oveoieiilpand public pi]rpoK -9ma e in 1953 and 4 were, (excluding fractions) aa fo lows:\\nCity \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0xpcn- i iires -n 1 3 for tntercsl, aewcm, Sc SIST/iOT\\nCit) rxpendl reslu H4 foJ intenal, tewnn, rs),U4J\\n1\u00c2\u00ab^:) public ichuuU 0,4*8\\nCitv exp nd turts -n IS-Vl (or public ^choo s. 10, fl*\\nState anu cuui.tv tax paid by city in 18Su and 4 6?,018\\nAmount raised by general tni _ 53i( ,C7: WIO.CTO\\nAmount paid bv upecial rasecament in 1853 for f aviiip strret^ S r l,710\\nj^mouDt Laid bvaieca a. \u00c2\u00abM(iiiU)eDt in 18 4 for pavmg fcl;eclfl 67 311\\n1.9,0il\\nAmount expended by Water Cotnniis.titnere for re-constrmting Water Works and contlDgenciea in\\nnK...... 1 \u00c2\u00bb.687\\nAuiouut I Xptndcd (ur KDle purpose in 1854 i;o, 71 $312 H59\\nfit* dinburnementfl In two years- $7d],0u6\\nAmount exjen ca by i e1r it Gaa Light Company e largirgand extending their \u00c2\u00bb0 ks d^ni gaame\\ntioie 100,000\\nAmount exprndtd n erecting honaet of publ c won^hip inuring the same time, a) follows:\\nStone Pr\u00c2\u00abb)terian Chu ch c a* i i. OO. OO\\nHick i .OtiO\\nItiick 0.0\\nBrick Congrciational Ijd.ooo\\n$i,O.H).0\\nAmnint of Water Loan iio.oia)\\nAmour t drawn dieetly fr-m r a urce\u00c2\u00ab of cit R*rB- Se01,y5ti\\nAd for tm unt p. ui uD aubfcription to Slo k of Railroa la, Plankrtwda, and other publ c Impr-TO-\\nmtLt. f..r^ame tim- CfO.COO\\nShewing ainrut I actual y dubur-eil in the city from its own re owrces for public ptirpo^ea^to be $l.t Jl,0.0\\nTI;e amonnla expel dcd annu-illy for paying ttro ts, andutOT pu Ic imprOTt-meuta, tlus enlanrlng crriatly the\\nvalue of^tr I erty, is 1ar;;c; but ii not n.ore th: n is tUMiiiirdcd by the rapids grew h of the ci*y. A pub Ic mvctii g\\nhfldta-t p in,; citiVfr neJ by Major pjoc amatiou. Tot4. d to laice by l.-tT t le sum orSltl3,C00 f jr pub! c tnii oTfnn ntB\\nthe ptciteut y\u00c2\u00bbnr. Th.s i\u00c2\u00ab in a-.d.t on to the ccbt of javing, which will l c at la-ilh-ilfa* mui-h lu^re, j-nl in y aid\\nby special asa-aaiucot,\\nI.IAKII.ITIF.S.\\nTho city liabilities nrc Bonds iluo in 18ii.i, f. iS.COO: in 18,-,7, ?20,00n in IP. ia i? 0,-\\n000; in It-oO, 860,000; in ItCo, \u00c2\u00a7\u00c2\u00a30,(00; in IbGO. \u00e2\u0082\u00ac=10,019 in 1870, ie^27,92f); in 1^71,\\n810,^20; in 1872, 8-100; in 1S73, $22,000 optional. es.dr.O Total, \u00c2\u00a9317,632. These wero\\nissiu d for construction of the onciniil Water Woi ks, I ublit: Sinvci-s, City Ilall, Markets,\\niic. c., tlio payment whereof is provitleil for hy the Common Council, and tho interest\\non whifh is i aiil by iliicet annual tax.\\nBy a law of the Lrgislatuio of the iState, no further bontls for jiurposcs of city impiwo-\\nmcnts can issue from tho Common Council, but all improvements thcroaftor to bo made\\nmust bo provided for and paid for by direct tax at tho time of construction.\\nZ Tho law alFo requires a stated sum to be annually raised by tax, to go into a sinking\\nfund pledged to the extinguishment of the public, debt. Siiico tho pass.tgo of tlio law,\\nthe Bum of 835,190 .8 has been placed to tlic credit of the public debt. Tliis fund is com-\\nputed to extinguish I ho above debt in seventeen years.\\nThe AVotcr Works liabilities aro; Bonds duo in ls73, .0,000; in 1878. i\u00c2\u00bb100,000; in\\n1880, iJr.O.OOO; in 1883, 100,000; in 1885. 8100,000 ;in 1800, (?100,000 ;\u00e2\u0080\u0094Tot^il, 8500,000;\\n^250,000 of which is now on hand to complete tho ro-construction of tho works.\\nTotal liabilities of city and water woiks 8817.C22.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OP DETROIT. 15\\nIn 1836, tho total liubilitics of the city were only S8,495.\\nTlie present delit of the city has since been created for the construction of water works,\\nsewers, paving, public markets, c., c., besides some things less useful which it is not\\nnecessary now to recall let by-gones be by-goncB.\\nThe largest portion of the debt contracted, has been applied to public imprOTements,\\nimperiously demanded by the public weal. The public sewers which improved property\\nchecked disease, and so materially advanced the convenience of tho public need no\\ndefense.\\nThe water-works the noblest improvements of our city upon which its protection\\nfrom fire, its health, its convenience, its comfort, so much depends are not too dear at\\nany price, and which now will take care of tho liabilities properly belonging to them.\\nTho annual city tax has increased in ten years from 1845 to 1855 from $19,000 to\\n$163,000. The purposes for which tho tax of the present year was levied, were as fol-\\nlows Payment of interest 823,367; sinking fund f 5,000: common schools 819,960;\\nroad ta.\\\\ $8,000 contingent fund $19,601 general fund $23,757 fire department $4,-\\n925; street lamps $1,000; general road fund $11,060; improvement of parks $1,200;\\nsewers $38,960 site for Alms House $5 000; extension of market $2,1C0; payment on\\nlot for city Hall $700 total $163,702. This sum, though large, was imperiously demanded\\nin consequence of the rapid growth of the city and expansion of its improved limits, and\\nwas cheerfully votetl and paid by our citizens, with commendable finnness and patriotism,\\nrather than add to tho public debt of the city, and they will continue to do so hereafter\\nso long as it is necessary, for tho improvement, health and prosperity of tho city, and they\\nare satisfied it is judiciously and honestly applied to tho objects tor which it is voted. The\\ncharacter and reputation of their city ihey prixe above all other considerations, and wOl\\nnever suffer them to be tarnished.\\nTho current expenses of the city^in 1844-5 exclusive of interest paid, was $0,922 35,\\nin the year 1854-5 they amounted, exclusive of interest and amount to sinking fund, to\\n$106,519 94.\\nIIOTEI/\\nThe Hotels of Detroit are renowned f er comfort, neatness and excellence of their fare.\\nThere are forty-nine hotels in the city, of various grades, several of which, usually denomi-\\nnated first class hotels, were designed ai.d erected expressly for that purpose, and are\\nlarge and extensive edifices, constructed :n the most modern style with every modern\\nimprovement attached, affording to the sojourner eveiT comfort, convenience and luxury.\\nThere are also a number of largo taverns with extensive brick stiibles attached, designed\\nand built expressly for the accommodation of faimers who come from a distance, bringing\\ntheir produce to market with their own teams.\\nARCHITECTCaE.\\nIn the erection of buildings, our citizens have generally been more solicitous of utility\\nthan oinament. Still we can point the sti anger to some of the handsomest and most\\nclassic structures of modem times. The three Presbyterian Curches, one of stone, the\\nothers of brick, covered with mastic, and the Congregational Church, of brick and mastic,\\nrecently erected, are highly ornate, both exterior and interior, and almost stupenduously\\nmagnificent.\\nBesides these there are the Odd Fellows Hall, Fireraens Hall, Young ilens Hall,\\nMasonic Hall, U. S. Court House, Peninsular Bank, Savings Bank, St. Pauls Church,\\nMariners Church, Cathedral of St. Foter and St. Pauls, and 1st Methodist and Unitarian\\nChui ches and whole blocks of stores, which are fine specimens of architecture. There\\nare also a number of private dwellings which are as fine specimens of the sublime art as\\nany western city can boast of.\\nThe Marine Hospital and Custom House and Post Office buildings soon to be erected\\nby the General Government, and the Alms House and City Hall to be erected by tho\\ncity, will be material acquisitions to our public buiklings, and display of architecture.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "16 SKBTCBBa or THE CITT OP DETROIT.\\nPIBI IC UROl ND\\nThe wide avenues and public parks and squares of Detroit, are evidences and enduring\\nmonuments of the wisdom, good taste and judgement of tho Governor and Jud ;es who\\ndevised and adopted the plan of the city, and elicit tho enthusiastic commendation of\\nstrangers who visit us. which besides being adornments of an attractive character, are of\\nvast utility in ventilating tho city, and rendering it more Salubrious, and in arresting tho\\nspread of fires. Tho Governor and Judges who adopted tho plan, were as follows:\\nWilliam Hull, Governor, Augustus B. Woodward, James WitheroU and James Griffen,\\nJudges.\\nThe original plans were drawn in sections 12 in number, and each section signed\\nby William IIuU, Governor, and Peter Audrian, Secretary. Tho plan was designed and\\nproposed by Judge Woodward and is conmionly called Woodward s plan and it is fit\\nand due to his memory that the most prominent ]mblic ground should bear his name, it\\nis therefore proposed that Grand Circus, which is now divided into two parks, be by tho\\nCommon Council hereafter designated by the name of \\\\Voodward Parks.\\nCampus Martins, which is crossed by Woodward avenue, is COO feet long and 250 feet\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0wide, in the centre of which a fountain is to be placed at some future day.\\nThe city has recently purchased from tho State a largo lot, on the west side of\\nthe square, with a front of 260 feet on Griswold street, for a site for the proposed City\\nHall, and on the east of tho square is the Public Market extending down the centre of\\nMichigan avenue, which avonuo is 200 feet wide.\\nThe Grand Circus which is also crossed in tho centre by Woodward avenue, is a half\\ncircle, 500 feet across on Woodward avenue and 1000 feet on Adams avenue, on either\\nside of Woodward avenue the grounds arc enclosed, and set with trees, forming two\\nparks. The water has been lately introduced into the centre of each of these, preparatory\\nto tho erection of fountains, which are to bo immediately added, and tho walks made\\nagreeably to the beautiful plan which has been adopted, when the grounds will bo thrown\\nopen to the public.\\nCentre Park is situated on the north side of State street, between Farrar and Farmer\\nstreets, and has a front on State street of 212 feet. It is enclosed and trees set, and is\\nsoon to be embellished with a fountain.\\nCapitol Park is situated on the north side of State street, between Griswold and\\nRowland sts, and has a front on State street of 1G8 feet. Tl-.is park is enclosed; in tho\\ncentre of which is tho old State Capitol building, occupied by one of the Public Union\\nSchools.\\nBesides the foregoing there is the oast Park, surrounded by Farmer, Randolph and\\nBates sts., forming a triangle, with a front of ICG feet on either street, which is enclosed\\nand trees set. and a fountain is now being placed in the centre.\\nTho west Park is triangular, surrouuJed by State, Park and Palmer streets, with\\na front on State street of 1G8 feet. This Park has for many years been occupied by ono\\nof tho Public School Houses, which is now to bo removed, tho ground enclosed and em-\\nbellished with trees and a fountain.\\nNorth Park is triangular, surrounded by Randolph, Grand River and Centre streets\\nwith a front on Centre street of 80 feet Crawford Park, at crossing of Fifth and Orchard\\nstreet, is oblong, 140 by 114; Elton Park at crossing of Fifth and Oak street is oblong, 140\\nby 214 feet\\nBesides the Park.f, Washington avenue extending from Michigan avenue to tho Grand\\nCircus 1400 feet, is 200 feel in width, which is wide enough to admit of being parked\\n100 feet in the centre, and still leave ample carriage way on either side and also Madison\\navonuo of the same width, extending from Randolph street to the Grand I ircus 700 feet.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "200\\nfeet.\\n120\\nfeet.\\nCO\\nfeet.\\n200\\nfeet.\\n120\\nfeet.\\n1-20\\nfeet.\\n120\\nfoot.\\n120\\nfeet.\\n200\\nfeet.\\n100\\nfeet\\n100\\nfeet.\\nSKETCHES OP THE CITY OP DETROIT. 17\\nShouW tbeso two avenues be parked in the centre as proposed, they will, in connection\\nwith the Grand Circus, form a continuous grand promenade, of more than half a niilo\\niu e.Ytcnt, from Michigan avenue to Randolph street.\\nA move has recently been made by our Common Council, to purchase a beautiful\\nerove, embracing many acres of land on the WooJbridge farm, adjoining the west line of\\nthe city, north of Michigan avenue.\\nVI U riI Of AVEKUE\\nWashington Avenue,\\nJcfTcrson Avenue,\\nAdams Avenue,\\nMadison Avenue,\\nMonroe Avenue,\\nWoodward Avenue,\\nMiami Avenue,\\nMacomb Avenue,\\nEast Michigan Avenue,\\nWest Michigan Avenue,\\nCass Avenue,\\nFive of which bear the names of the five Presidents of the United States, who had occujiied\\nthe chair, previous to the adoption of the plan and their statues placed at the head of each\\nof the avenues bearing their names rPspectively, would be an appropriate embellishment, and\\nit is also suggested that the name of Campus Martius be changed to Cass Square, and\\nthat a Statue of Gten. Cass be placed there. The streets are generally from 50 to 80 feet\\nwide.\\nniKRCANTiLi:.\\nDetroit, from its first settlement in 1701, Las ranked first as a commercial point on the\\nwestern Lakes. A company styled the Company of the Colony of Canada, was incorpo-\\nrated by the Colony of Canada at a Convention held at Quebec, Oct. 31, 1701, which conferred\\nupon thorn the right to trade at Detroit iu beaver and other peltries to the entire exclusion\\nof all private individuals.\\nM. de La Motte Cadillac, the first commandant at Detroit who was commissioned by Louis\\nXIV., in a letter to Count Ponchartrian in 1703, says, that his design in projecting the\\nestablishment of a trading post here in 1701, was to afford protection to commerce, since fl om\\nthis place we can go by canoe to all the nations that are around the lakes it is a door.\\nby which one can go in and out to trade with all our allies. And we find that Ch\u00c2\u00bb?lavoix,\\na French Jesuit Missionary who visited this city as early as 1720, speaks of a complaint\\nthat the English merchants sell merchandize to the savages cheaper than the French do,\\nthereby drawing all the trade to New York.\\nIn 1787, that patriarch native citizen among ns, who was born just after the closa cf the\\nPontine war, .Toscph Campau, Esq., actively engaged in the mercantile business here, and\\ncontinued in it for about forty years. In early times ho annually visited the city of Montreal,\\nconveying in birch bark canoes cargoes of furs, c., and returning with them ,eighted with\\ngoods.\\nMr. Campau for many years had two stores, one where his present rssidense is, then the\\nsouth side of St. Ann street, and the other on the river, a few rods above Laduo Eldreds\\ntannery. The old building was torn down a few weeks since.\\nThe late Barnabus Campau, Esq., his bi-other, and the late Gen, J. R. Williams, his\\nnephew, were for many years employed by him as clerks, both of whom subsequently wei e\\nengaged for many years in the mercantile business on their own account, aud as well as\\nMr. J. Campau, accumulated large fortunes. It was not until about the year 1799 that any\\nAmerican merchants estabUshed thomselves here.\\n2", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "18 SKETCHES OF THE CITV OK DKTROIT.\\nIn 1615 th jre wore five or six merchants hero, who imported their goods from the east,\\namong vhom wore our estimuble and enterprising citizen, Shubuel CouaDt, Esq, and the\\nvenerable Joseph Campau, Esq., who aio the only ones of that time now residents among na.\\nTho books of Messrs. Mack Conant, in possession of David Cooper, Esq., show that this\\nfirm iniportcil their dry goods Tom England in I8I8. The following price currant for\\nI8O8 is made up from the account books of Thomas Emci-son Co., Merchants, hero at\\nthat time, which aro also in possession of Mr. Cooper, who at that time was in tho com-\\npany s employ as book keeper.\\nTea per lb. 16s. Loaf Sugar per lb. 3s. 6d. Brown Sugar per lb. 2s. Gd Yellow Soap\\nper lb. .3s. 6d.; Tallow Candles per lb. 46.; Coffee per lb. -Is.; Pepper per lb. as.; Cheese\\nper lb. 2s.; Butler per lb. 2s.; AVhiskey per gall. 8s.; Boots per pair 610.; Paper per quire\\n4s.; British Shirting per yard 6s. Furs Raccoon 2s. Cd.; Fox 2s. Gd.; Otter 20s.; Mink\\n3s.; Cat 2s. 6.; Mu-krat 2s. 6.; Beaver 2-13. Oats per bushel 4 Corn 6s. Flour per bbl.\\n448. This firm shipped that year a largo lot of flour to Fort Wayne, and paid 288. per\\nbarrel, transportation on tho same.\\nThere arc at this tiiuo three hundred and thirty-five stores of various kinds in the city.\\nThe stocks of merchandize formerly kept, were very much raised, consisting of staple and\\nfancy dry goods, groceries, iron and nails, cr.ickery, hardware, leather, boots and shoes, hats\\nand c.ips, clothing, c., c., country stock.\\nBut within a few years past business has become thoroughly divided, and we now have oar\\nexclusive dry goods stores. Carpet stores, grocery stores, drugs and medicine stores, iron\\nstores, hardware stores, crockery stores, leather stores, boot and shoe stores, hat, cap and\\nfur stores, book stares, agricultural implements and seed stores, tea stores, wine and liquor\\nstores, furniture stores, c., c., several of which confine themselves exclusively to the\\nwholesale jobbing business.\\nSome of tho dry goods stores aro not equalled in the west, and excelled only by few in\\nthe east, in the beauty and magnificence of their buildings, in their internal arrangements; in\\nthe extent of stocks or amount of sales.\\nAVith tlio hopo that it will not be ci)nsi(lcred invidinns whore there .nro so many extensive\\nand well arranged dry goods, carp d fumishuig houses, the following description of one\\nis ventured\\nThe ittorc has a free ?tono front, is four stories high, occupies a front o( fifty feet, and\\nextending in depth one hundred feet, comprising ten rooms, each twenty-five feet in wid h\\nand ono hundred feet in dppt .i. iriviiig nn area of 2 ,0(lO squaro foot, all of which are filled\\nto their utmost capacity with fireign and domestic dry goods, carpets, cloths, millinery and\\nclothing, in addition to which the firm occupy a sloro-houso in tho rear. The retail\\nrooms are four in numlier, finished in the most gorgeous style. About throe hundred gas\\nlights are required to liglitthe several apartments. From sixty to seventy-five salesmen and\\nfrom one hundred to one hundred and fifty persons altogether aro employed in the several\\ndepartments, and including those outside, seamstei-s and searaslres?e.s, the firm give employ-\\nment to about six hundred persons. Their invoices of merch.indzj imported duritg tho\\nyear 1854 amounted to more than seven hundred thousand dollars.\\nThis store was recently refitted and opened for the fall trade, with an invoice of goods\\namounting to over four hundred thousand dollars.\\nThis is beleived to be tho most extensive and best arranged dry goods store in the United\\nStates, outside of New York.\\nBo. ides tho numerous extensive dry goods and c.irpet ami fimiishing stores, there are\\nseveral grocery, hard ware, crockery, furniture, hat, cap and fur, boot and shoe and clothing\\nstores, some of which comprise five rooms, twenty-five feet in width and two hundred feot\\nin depth.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 19\\nGOiaitEacE xv issj.\\nTho shipments from this poi t, by the Lakes aud Canada Railway alone, during the\\nyear 18j4, wero in round numbers as follows 337,000 barrels of flour, 897,000 bushels\\nwheat, 587,0QO bushels corn, 5000 bushels rye, 2,500 bushels barley, 228,000 bushels oats,\\n1,800 barrels, and 1000 bags corn meal, 2,200 bags feed, 1,300 bags shorts, 40 bags buck-\\nwheat flour, 300 malt, 3000 bags and 4S0 bbls clover grass seed, 380 bbls 230 bags beans,\\n20 barrels peas, 194,500 bushels potatoes, 17,000 bushels turnips, 1,200 bushels onions,\\n24,600 barrels pork, 18,600 barrels fish, 4,700 barrels beef, 4,60 barrels tallow, 6,000 ban-els,\\nand 226 kegs lard, 70 bai-rels and 2,300 kegs and firkins butter, 550 barrels eggs, 780 boxes\\nand 38 casks cheese, 2,200 barrels and 157 sacks dried fruit, 340 banels cranberries, 2,400\\nbarrels and 73 sacks green apples, 27 barrels pickles, 230 barrels saur kraut, 300 barrels\\nvinegai-, 3,800 barrels beer, 7,GS0 casks highwines, 136 hogsheads and 1,193 barrels sugar,\\n460 barrels molasses, 2,3S0 packages tobacco, 870 kegs nails, 2,300 roils leather, 17,000\\nhides, 1,600 bundles skins, 520 packs furs, 500 barrels oil, 1,900 casks ashes, 4,000 barrels\\nwater lime, 300 barrels plaster, 50 barrels cement, 9,500 barrels, and 1,900 bags salt, 62 bar-\\nrels crackers, 117 barrels s.ilts, 65 barrels sala^ratus, 1,000 barrels and 8 casks bees-wax,\\n50 packages and 30 tons g:ame, 150 packs horns, 200 bales hair, 460 bales hemp, 39 bah s\\nginseng, 380 bales broom corn, 570 fruit and ornamental trees, 100 horse rakes, 300\\nstoves, 300 wheelbarrows, 70 carriages and wagons, 27 steam engines, 1000 empty half-\\nbarrels, 8,500 dressed hogs, 80 dressed sheep, 9000 hams and shouldere, 480 tons iron, 240\\ntons hay, 1,500 live hogs, 7,000 head cattle, 3,000 head sheep, 22 horse?, 559,000 lbs rags,\\n2,000,000 lbs wool, 119,000 lbs coal, 559 M staves, 4.600 M shingles, 9,000,000 pieces lath,\\n20,000,000 feet luEnber, 940 tons ingot copper, and 14.000 tons un3pecifio l merchandize.\\nThi.?, exclusive of the amount distributed by other modes of transportation, such as tho\\nMichigan Central, and Detroit and Milwaukee Eailreads, and other land carriage. In\\ntho single article of stoves, stated above at the numlser of 300, the real total was actually\\nover 5000.\\nTho receipts of general merchandize for tbeusoof the city during the year, wss 36.233\\ntons. In addition, there was also received, 99.000 barrels and 86,000 bags salt, 15,000\\nbarrels water lime, 60 barrels stucco lime, 300 barrels cement, 15,500 barrels plaster, 330\\ntons crude plaster, 1000 tons pig iron, 740 tons railroad iron, 2,500 tons coal 5,100 M\\nshingles, 2.400,000 pieces lath, 10,000,000 feet lumber, 80 tons hemp and 25 tons flax, (man-\\nufactured hero into rope,) a conrignment of furs dii ect from Russia, (invoiced at $2,200,)\\n1.400 tons copper ore, which, after being smelted here, yielded 946 tons pure ingot copper,\\nequal to 66 per cent. and pine logs manufactured at the mills here into 36,000,000 feet\\nof lumber, and 14,000,000 lath.\\nNumber. Tonnage.\\nThe arriTale of .\\\\raer caa Tes5^e .s in thp coist ng Irale in 1^. j4, were.. 2.290 1,006.880\\nOf Foreien \u00c2\u00bbeBR?Is _._ _. __ 123 3;,RI0\\nAmerican vtsgels from foreign jioits, zl 4,S04\\nTotals, 2, 34 1.04S494\\nThe cleirarces of .imiican vessels emnlojed in the coasting trade were- 2,394 l,*J i0.893\\nOf foreijrn vea^els 1 37,V8Q\\nOf American ves el., tb.-eign ^orts, 2i 6,459\\nTotaLs, 2,.i.54 ],L 44,137\\nT)ie value of ^00 8 ira-ortett in Antrican vess-ls was 9 ^6MS5\\nOf goods imported in foreign vcs^o s, 27.7-1\\nTotal, .51014,706\\nThe ftmomt of duti b ob n erch^ndizeimpor ed w.afl, $111,3^8\\n1 he value of exports of do T)esticp. -odu e to foreign fots n Amfricao vesfielp, wa? __ 118, 01\\nThe value ofexpoi-ta of domestic produce to foreign pDr:s m fortigu vessels was 79,333\\nTotal, \u00c2\u00a7199,6. i2\\nThe value if loieign goods esjorted was 66,135\\nTotal of exports, Si4-5,787", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "20 SKBTCHB8 OF THB CITY OF DETROIT.\\nThe weight of niorcliamlizc of all kinds received at this imrt duriiin; the year, was oiio\\nhundred and twenty-six thousand, seven hundred and ci;;hty-eme tons.\\nThe number of passengers carried through the city by Michigan Central Railroad during\\ntho year 1854 was 451,689.\\nM AMFACTORI E\\nIt is not intended under this head to exhibit a complete view of Detroit Manufactories,\\ngiving facts and figures iu detail, they not being at hand. But some of tho departments of\\ntrade and industry are enumerated and sufficient to establish the fact that Detroit is a manu-\\nfacturing, as well as a commercial city.\\nThere are, within tho city limit.s, 4G stationary steam engineg; most of which are used\\nin manufacturing establishments of various kinds among them are ten iron machine\\nshops, two locomotive manufactories, several brass foundries sash, door and blind factories,\\ntobacco and morocco mauufactorics and tanneries; others are used in saw-mills, flouring mills,\\nplastermill.?, printing oflices, breweries, c. There are in tho city 343 mechanic shops, among\\nwliich are several iron foundries, boiler makers, blacksmith shops, carriage n-.al;in;r, railroad\\near manufactories, furniture and chair, extensive boot and shoe and clothing establishment;.\\n(several of which employ from onchundredto three hundred haniL^,) hat and cap manufacto-\\nries and furriers, jcwclci s, cliurch organ, piano forte makers, saddle and harness makers,\\ncopper and tin ware manufactories, stone and marble works, balcerles, lard oil, soap and\\ncandle manufactories, c., c,\\nAmong tho most important manufactures in the city is that of iron, which is rtovf\\ncarried on the most extensively, employing as thoy do between one and two thousand\\nmon, and doing an aggregate business of over a million dollar.^ annually.\\nTho extensive mining and lumber regions of the north do now require all the steam\\nengines, and other machinery that can be supplied from this point, while our increasing\\nlake marine offers to our engineers a field for competition with the skill and capital of other\\ncities. And here Detroit need have no apprehensions, as the works of p.i^t years sufficiently\\nevince tho supcrcior skill of her mechanics, sending forth numbers of elegant low pressure\\nengines, witliout a single failure.\\nThe demand for engines will further increase with the development of tV.o iron and\\ncopper mineral region of Lake Superior, now just rendered acces.sible, by fht opening of\\nthe Sault St Mary ship can.al.\\nA rolling mill, proparcd for every kind of work, up to the hc.avicst railroad iron, is vcrj-\\nmuch required, and would without doubt prove a profitable invcstmcut\\nTho rich iron deposits of Lake Superior should be manufactured here at home into every\\nform re(|uirod. Now the huge quantities of ore, or rather pure nutirc iron, already pro-\\nduced, pass by us for want of works for its manufacture here, and near 1000 tons of which\\nare returned in bars and sold and consumed hero annually.\\nThe copper smelting works here are altogether too .small to smelt all the copper sent\\ndown to them, and largo quantities are sent to works iu other cities. Tho establishment\\nhero should be enlarged or a now one built witliout delay.\\nLlT.TIBEn.\\nLumber is one of our great staples and must continue to be such for a long time to\\ncome, surrounded as wo aro with forests of pino, cherry, black walnut, oak, white wood\\nand other timber.\\nThe extensive forest. of pino, covering a large i)arl of our Peninsula, afford lumber of\\na superior quality, which is noted in all the principal markets.\\nThe manufacture and shipments are mostly carried on along the St. Clair River, Lake\\nHuron, and Saginaw Bay. There are. however, in the eity and suburbs ten mills which\\nmanufactured during the year ppst 30,000,000 feet of lumber and 14,000,000 lath. Besides", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 21\\nthis there was received here from mills elsewhere 10,000,000 feet of Inmber, 24,000,000\\nlath, and 5,100X1 shingles, making a total for 1854 of 46,000,000 feet of lumber, 38,000,000\\nlath, and 3,100 M. shingles. This does not include any of tliat which arrived here over\\nthe plank-roads from the pine forests of Lapeer count j nor the large shipments made\\nb) our citizens directly from the pineries, where many of them own and manage mills.\\nAnd one of our most ostensive dealers estimates that the mills in this city will manufacture\\n50,000,000 feet of pine lumber the present season, Wights mill alone, will make over\\n8,000,000 feet.)\\nThe above representc only the trade in pine lumber, and does not include oak, black\\nwalnut, cherry and white wood, of which there are large quantities brought to this market\\nand sold from the steam mills located at vaiwus points in the adjacent surrounding\\ncountry.\\nWYANCOTTE.\\nThis young city, bearing the name of the old Indian Chief, Wa!k-in-the-Water, after\\nwhom also the first steamboat which ever crossed Lake Erie was named, is situated on\\none of his favorite hunting grounds, on the baok of the Detroit river, ten miles below\\nthe eity, and promises soon to become a large manufacturing place, and a valuable tribu-\\ntary to the business of this city.\\nA Stock CoBipany recently purch.nsed the Biddle Farm, containing twenty-two hun-\\ndred acres, from Major Biddle, the front of which embraciag two miles on the river, and\\nextending a half a mile back, has been dedicated as the site of the city of Wyandotte.\\nMany lots have already been sold, and some thirty tenements erected.\\nThe Eureka Iron Company who own extensive iron ore-beds on Lake Superior,\\ndesign to bring down the ore and rcanufacture it into pigs at this place for which purpose\\nthey are erecting a blast furnace. Extensive coalpits are already set up, and a large\\namount of orfi is to be brought down from the Lake this fall. The Wyandotte Rolling\\nMills Company are erecting very extensive works. Their main building js now in pro-\\ncess of construction.the tin roof being nearly on. The building is one hundred and\\ntwenty feet square, twenty-nine feet between joints, and sixty-five feet to the top of the\\ncupola, The rolling works are propelled by a large engine, taking its steam supply from\\nfive forty foot flew boilers, and the trip-hammor is worked by a separate engine,\\nThe company have their machinery on the gi ound complete, for the manufacture of bar,\\nroll, band and other iron. They have a heavy contract for the re-manufacture of railroad\\niron for the Michigan Central Railroad Company, upon \u00e2\u0096\u00a0which they will commence as soon\\nas their works are in operation.\\nTHE FISH TKABE OF THE L,AKES.\\nThe early French explorers of the upper lakes, in 1610 make mention of the white fish\\nand trout as being very luxurious and much used for sustenance of life by the sons of\\nthe forest. From the time civilization dawned upon the shores of the lakes, the French\\nsettlcre supplied themselves with them, and during the war of 1S12, they were found of\\nsubstantial benefit to cui- soldiers in appeasing their hunger, for the want of other sup-\\nplies.\\nPrevious to the completion of the Erie Canal, salt was mostly transported by the St.\\nI.awreuce and thence up the Lakes, and obtained only at enormous prices. After the\\ncanal was completed it became comparatively cheap, and Mr. Barnabas Cnmpau, an\\nenterprising merchant of the olden time was induced to pack a few barrels of white\\nfish to ship to BufiFalo for sale as an experiment. The experiment proved unprofitable,\\nbut Mr. Compau continued to pack annually until his death, which was in 1845. Formany\\nyears the consumption was confined to Detroit and vicinity.\\nBut in 1830 emigration to Michigan rapidly commenced, and increased to such a\\ndegree in 1834 that the new comers found it difficult to purchase produce, on accuunt of", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "22 SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nthe scarcity, as nearly everytliing consumed was imported from sister Stiitt S. This\\ncaused a great consumption of fish, and gave birth to tlio extension of lake fisheries, and\\nseveral other grounds besides Mr. Compaus, which was on Belle Isle, (formerly\\nllog Island) owned by himself, and is still owned by his children, it is situated a few\\nmiles above the city.\\nFrom this time the business increased, and several grounds were cleared on the St. Clair\\nUiver, and as the market increased they were extended to the shores of Lake HuroiL\\nSeveral houses in Detroit became estcncively enfi^agcd in the business, employing several\\nressels exclusively in the trada The American Fur Company also engaged in it; and\\nin 1841 two schoonci-s were taken over the falls at the Saut St Marys into Lake Superior,\\nfor the purpose of fishing on that Lako^\\nLake Superior abounds with the siscoiccit, a fish weighing from 3 to 10 pounds. They\\nare exceedingly fat, and when tried will yield 25 per cent of oil.\\nThere are a great variety offish in the lakes, besides the white fisli; siscoweit and trout\\nSturgeon weiging 120 pounds have been taken: trout CO lbs. muskelungo 40 lbs; pickerel,\\n15 lbs; muUett, 10 lbs; bill fish 6, cat 25. In the vicinity of the Sault St. Mary and all tho\\nfctrcams emptying into Lake Superior, large quantities of small speckled or brook trout\\nare taken.\\nIn 1840 there wore 35,000 barrels of fish of various kinds packed, and it is estimated\\nthat the quantity now annually taken cannot be less than 1(10,000 barrels. The most of\\nwhich is brought to Detroit, where quantities are sold for home consumption; and market\\nis found for them in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana, and it is no uncommon thing to seo\\nthem advertised in St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville and Xatrhoz; and on the other hand in\\nNew York and Boston, while they also .show themselves at Salem, and Mjirblohoad,,the\\nvery head quarters of the mackerel fisheries.\\nThe white fish is regarded as the prince of fresh water fish. Hon. H. R. Schoolcraft in\\nhis poem, the white fish says\\nAll friondfi t^ fOTl liring by lnrene and d sb,\\nConcor in exiltint:^ tlii.x piincc of a fisb;\\nEo fine ID a platier. so temptinff a fry.\\nSo ncUon a g-idiroa, so sweet in a pl*^\\nTi at cvtn before it ttio salmon inu:4 fail,\\nAnd tfaatoiigtity boDof-boache, of Uio land beaver s tul.\\nThis fi b Is a sulkjcct ro dainty and wUitci,\\nTo ihiiw io a lectuio. to eat or to \u00c2\u00abrit\\nThat pqmlfl my joy I derltre, on my liTe,\\nTo raise up my voice or to rai?** up my knife,\\n*Ti\u00c2\u00ab amor. cl al-k** for Uie goumiaTid orfa-tei;\\n^Vhite, white a^i a t-.U^^tof pae ul tUniVe: 1\\nItK l e iuty or flaTor ho perion can ilour^t,\\nTTboo Been in tlie wat?r, or taet-^d wilinut;\\nAnd all Ibe di. puk- Ibat opiiioD ere mrtkes\\nOf lb Hkiiig I f Ilk H^b*d, tb ii deerof the I.iko*,**\\nKeeaidn n i iUcl-.oi.^fnew lo pmt .tT nr \u00e2\u0096\u00a0iti\u00c2\u00bb.\\nBut tbi\u00c2\u00bb iK-stmode uf dre Bing and Kurvi..^; il up.\\nTliomuB might pppe to tlio j\u00c2\u00bbc*ence of book*,\\nTo picture ith Ichthvtlog cal lock*;\\nSh^w wliat in i n funilv likeni-ii or odd%\\n(yomn r\u00c2\u00bbd wiih i couyinn, thw nfdnnn^ and cil\\nTf II wbeto it npi-nsini itt**. pn-nt wlieri it di\\nBy cnu iting itn Hns. nr di-R c nt; tb Rc* fs\\nCI protre br pNin r n nn\u00c2\u00ab (f u li prcxtf cm b bnil)\\n*T1 not toothlesf saimon, out r.itli ii\u00c2\u00bbko hh;.(?.\\nIl-n* ton, nil^hta f-incv to do-nant inriini-\\nConl ;i pi it* the lurr Ibftt ttt- liiinKlti tlif kitid,\\nAnd bring up tbo ti-d map, in Uv.v ful \u00c2\u00abir li\u00c2\u00bb,\\nTo prove iLicrvilioii f,\\\\ m fominiue b:aLiiii. t\\n*A translation of Ail-i^lk-keem-Tatg, the Indian nanu for thU fi^b\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\nf Vid\u00c2\u00ab*iiidlui TaUaand I^rgvudj^", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITV OF DETROIT. 23\\nI.AKE Sl^PCUIOR TRADE.\\nThe existence of Lake Superior was first known to the whites in 1641, when Chailes\\nRaymbault and Isaac Jogues, Jesuit missionaries, who first visited the Ste Marie river,\\nwere informed by the Indians that beyond the foaming rapids, was a lake called by them\\nKitcbi Gummi, (Big Lake) and in 1G60 Kene Mcsnard, a Jesuit Missionary, visited the\\nlake and reached Point Keweenaw, who while crossing the Portage, wandered into the\\nwoods from his companions and was never hoard of afterwards.\\nThe importance of the mines of Lake Superior to the mercantile and manufacturing\\ninterests of Detroit, has long been appreciated by its business men, who encouraged and\\nassisted the hardy adventurers in successfully develofiing the country, and who advocated\\nand procured the constructicjn of the Sault Canal a gigantic and almost imperishable\\nv\\\\ork that must bo ranked with the mighty structures of Greece and Rome. This great\\nacqueduct was completed last spring, and Lako Superior, the largest body of fresh water\\nin the world, which has hitherto been navigated by only three or four inferior steamboats\\nor propellers, that were taken over land around the falls, is open to our lake commei ce.\\nA length of four hundred miles is thereby added to our inland navigation, which now\\nextends uninterrupted from the Athintio Ocean to the St. Louis river, at the head of Lako\\nSuperior, in the territory of Minesota and Wisconsin. At which point a short line of\\nrailroad is soon to be constructed, extending to the Mississippi river.\\nIn tho spring of 1845, the entire fleet on Lake Supei ior. consisted of the schooners\\nWhite Fish, belonging to the Hudson Bay Fur Company, the Slscoweit, belonging to\\nthe A. M. F. Co., and the Algonquin, owned by Mr. Mendenhall. During that year the\\nschooners Napoleon, Swallow, Uncle Tom, lilcrchant, Chippewa, Ocean, and Fur Trader,\\nwere added, and in 1846, the steamboat Detroit was the first and only steamboat which\\npUed regularly between Detroit and the Sault. Now there are four first-class passenger\\nsteamboats, besides several propellers, running regularly between Detroit and ports on\\nLake Superior, passing through the Sault Canal.\\nThe importations of provisions and supplies for tho mines alone, are more than a million\\ndollars per annum, now, which will annually increase with the rapid settlement and devol-\\nopemeut of tho country.\\nI.AKI; StiPEKIOn COPPER.\\nThe existence of copper upon its shores appears to have been known to the earliest\\ntravelers and traders. As early as 1666, Father Claudo Allouzo visited tho Lake, and\\ninforms us that pieces of copper were frequently found there, weighing from ton to twenty\\npounds.\\nIn 1669, Baron La Hontan visited the Lake, and described tho copper mines in his\\nVoiagesto Canada. In 1721, P. do Charlevoix passed thro the lako on his way to the\\nGulf of Mexico, and mentions the copper mines in his Journal of a Voyage to North\\nAmerica. Captain Carver visited the lake in 1766, and in his book of travels, published\\nan account of tho copper found on its shores. The mines were worked at as early a\\nperiod as 1771, by a company composed of His Royal Highness, tho Duke of Gloucester,\\nMr. Secretary Townsend, Sir Samuel Tucket, Bart. Mr. Baxter, Consul of the Em]jeror\\nof Russia, and Mr. Cruikshank, in England and Sir William Johnson, Bart., Mr. Bost-\\nwick, Mr. Baxter and Mr. Henry in America. An air furnace was erected by this company\\nat Point Aux Pin. Their mining operations were confined on the south shore of tho\\nlake, to the Ontonagon River, The object in forming this company was not for the\\npurpose of obtaining copper, but for the silver the ore might contain. During the winter of\\n1771-2, they penetrated into the hill forty feet, on a vein of native copper, which held\\nout that distance. In the spring, when the thaw came, the clay, on which thoy relied\\nfor its stitfnes, and neglected to prop up, caved in. The enterprize was then abandoned.\\nTraces of the early operations are distinctly visible at this late day, in the vicinity where", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "A\\n24\\nSKETCHES OF TUB CITY OF UETROIT.\\ntho groat copper rock weighing jfoarly two tons was found, which was removed by Mr.\\nJulius KUIred of this city, in 1845, and now lies in the Navy Yard at Washington.\\nl r. Franklin was familiar with the existence of these mines, who remarked that when\\ndrawing the treaty of peace with Englauil, in the city of Paris ho had access to the jour-\\nnals and charts of a corjis of French Enirinoers that were explorinsr Lake Superior wlicn\\nQuebec fell to the French; from which chai-ts, bo dresv the lino through Lake Superior,\\nto incluilu the most and host of the enjipor mines to the United SUites that the time would\\ncomo when drawing that lino would be considered tlie greatest service ho ever rendered\\nhis country, and the copper ore to bo a greater source of wealth than any other nation\\npossessed that the facilities of transportutien would be well improved, so aS to export\\ncopper ore to Europe cheaper tlvin tbov raised itfroni their own mines.\\nThe first trace of any action of the L nited States riovernnicnt, about the mines on Lake\\nSuperior, w;is during the administration of President Johu Adams. In 1800, Congress\\npassed a resolution respecting the copper mines, on the south shore of Lake Superior,\\nproviding that the President be authorized to employ an agent to collect information rel-\\native to tho copper mines, whether the Indian titles to the lands subsisted, if so, on what\\nterms it could bo extinguished, c.\\nIn 1819 an expedition was fitted out by the General Government, under tho command\\nof General Cass, then (iovernor of the Territory of Michigan, for tho ))urpose of settling\\nexisting difiicultios among the various Indian tribes, living on the borders of Lake Supe-\\nrior and extending beyond tho Mississippi River. Hon. Henry R. Schoolcraft accom-\\npanied General Cass, who collected a valuable mass of historical facts, all tending to show\\ntho existence of Copper at many points, both on the main land and the islands.\\nIn 1840 the State (ieological Cor] s, under Dr. Ilnughton. State Geologist, carried their\\nresearches into tho wild, but interesting region of Lake Superior. The annual reports\\nof Dr. Houghton contained a lucid statement of facts, giving extended and accurate in-\\nformation with regard to this interesting region, the knowledge of which had hitherto\\nbeen confined to tho imperfect and unlimited observation of voyaging travelers.\\nMINING.\\nPublic attention had not been attracted to the mineral region of tho Upper Peninsu-\\nla of our State, and no attempt at mining there had been made since tho suspension of\\noperations by tho English Company in 1772 until after Dr. Houghton commenced his\\nGeological surveys of tho region.\\nIn 1842 a treaty was made with the Chippewa Indians, by Mr. Robert Stewart, of this\\ncitv. By this treaty, all of tho country east of Fondulac, including the islands in Lake\\nSuperior, not previously acquired, was ceded to tho Ignited States. Immediately after\\nthe ratification of the treaty in \\\\MX applications were made to explore and dig fbr Cop-\\nper ore en tho south shore of Lake R;iperior. Tho Secretary of war in tho spring of\\nthat year, issued tliree permifs to Aii. sley, to Wilson Turner, and to Turner Snyder.\\nThese were the first permits that were granted.\\nShortly after Mr. Walter Cunninirbnm was appointed Special Agent by the Government\\nfor tho mines on Lake Superior, who es fablishcil his agency at Copper Harbor. About this\\ntime Col. Chas. H. Gratiot, with a comp.iny of miners from tho lead mines in Wisconsin,\\narrived at Copper Harbor, and coninienced mining operations.\\nIn 1 f^Ai. C. C. Douglass formerly assistant State Geologist of Michigan, was employed by\\nthe Lake Supeiinr Mining Company to explore their locations.\\nDr. Houfhton continued tho Gcolo^ ical surveys of tho region, until ho lost his lifo,\\nbeing wrecked in a storm on Lake Superior, on tho I3th, of October 184.S. Up to July\\n18.10, about 000 permits were eranted to different individuals, to work these mines, about\\n600 of which were located, and about .10 companies were organized underleases obtained\\nfrom Government, and many commenced operations; sovornl of which are in successful", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 25\\noperation at this time. Among these are the Pittsburgh Boston, (Cliff) Minesota, North\\nAmerican, Albion, North Western, North West, and Copper Falls.\\nInl846, tho committee on Public Lands made a report to Congress questioning tho\\nauthority to grant permits ^nd leases of these lands, and no further leases were issued.\\nIn 1848 Congress passed a law providing for the salo of these lands, and granting\\npre-emption rights. Several of the old Companies purchased the hinds they had located\\nunder their leases, but most of them abandoned them, and but some five or si.x of tho old\\nCompanies aro now in existence. Other Companies were formed, who purchased mineral\\nlands, and there are now about 60 Copper Mining Companies organized, most of which aro\\nworking their mines, others arc explormg their tracts of land, and others again having\\nmineral tracts of known value, which at present are inaccessable. are waiting the opening\\nof roads to them, before commencing opcititions. Most of the Companies have hitherto\\nprudently pursued the policy of woikinga small force on their locations, merely sufiicient\\nto explore, and gradually open and dcvelope their mines, waiting the opening of the Sault\\nCanal for the more vigorous and economical prosecution of operations. The opening of\\nthe Canal has given an impetus to mining operations this summer, and many of the young\\nmines have increased forces working, and nothing but tho most stringent condition in the\\nfinancial affairs of the country prevents a much greater increase. Tho Lake Superior\\nregion alreaily has a population estimated at 20,000, about equal to what there was\\nin the whole Territory thirty years ago. Several thriving v lkigcs have sprung up, rail-\\nroads are constructing, and a Locomotive of a largo size is actually on its shores.\\nPKOOUCE OF COPPER.\\nThe first shipment of copper of any account, was made in 1S4S, amounting to about\\n200 tons. In 1853 there were 2535 tons of copper, of tho value of #1,014,000 exported.\\nIn 1854 it is estimated that there were exported 3500 tons of copper valued at more than|a\\nmillion and a half of dollars, and it is estimated that the exports the present year will\\ni-each 5000 tons of copper valued at over two million dollars.\\nThe Minesota mine is now producing about one hundred and thirty tons of Copper per\\nmonth, and the Cliff mine about the same, making from these two mines alone, a,v aggre-\\ngate of 3,120 tons of copper per year, which at $400 per ton the estimated value at\\nthe mines, will produce f 1,248,100.\\nBesides these, there are forty others of the younger mines, that will send forward\\nfrom twenty to five hundred tons each, during the present year. The annual product of\\nthe mines will doubtless increase and double every two or three years for some time to\\ncome.\\nThe shipments of copper from the Ontonagon district alone the present season up to\\nAugust 18, amounted to 2,754,860 pounds, as follows\\nMinesota and Rockland mines, 1,661.302 lbs\\nNational, 66.369\\nForest, 212.763\\nNorwich, 315.461\\nEidge, 80,549\\nNebraska, 37 GOO\\nOhio Trap Rock, 42,733\\nAdventure, 91,470\\nPouglass Houghton, 50,145\\nBohemian, 4,593\\nToltec, 117,516\\nWindsor, 67,679\\nEvergreen Blufl 14,690\\nTho Minesota mine in tho month of July produced 139 J tons, and will ship during tho", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "26\\nSKETCHES OF THB CITY OK DETROIT.\\npresent season about 1300 tons of copper. The mines in the Portage Luke, and Kowo-\\nnaw districts are equally productive, but not having tbcm at hand, particulars are not\\nhero given.\\nThe total amount paid in by the share holders in the Cliff mine, (Kewonaw dislrict) is\\n8l8,50 per share (on GOOD shares) and the company have realized from the product of tho\\nmine and divided 877 per share. The total amount paid in by the share-holders in tho\\nMincsota mine, (Ontonagon) is 822 per share (on 3000 shares,) and the company have\\nrealized from tho product of tho mine and divided *C0 per share. It will bo borne in\\nmind that all operations in Lake Superior, have hitherto been carried on at an enormous\\ncost, and every inconceivable inconvcuicnco, and if such results were attained with all\\nthe embarrassments experienced, what may wo not expect now that these enibarriiss-\\nments are removed and mines hereafter will be developed for one-fourth the expense\\nheretofore necessarily incuiTcd.\\nAll the copper of Lake Superior contains more or less native silver, and it is sometimes\\nfound in pjicces weighing sevei al pounds.\\nAll of the Mines produce pure native copper, and masses weighing throe and four\\nhundred thousand pouids Iiave been found.\\nSmelting works for tho purpose of smo ting Lake Superior Copper have been orectod at\\nDetroit, Cleveland and I ittsburgh, all of which are kept well supplied. Tho works at De-\\ntroit are tho largest in the United States.\\nliAKIO SUPERIOR IRON.\\nTho following description of tho iron ore of Luke Superior, was furnished by Charles\\nA. Trowbridge, Esq., of Detroit, and first published in tho transactions of tho Agricul-\\ntural Society.\\nThere is probably no part of the American Continent which can boast of as pure iron\\nore, in as groat quantities, cniireh/ above the surface of the eaith, (the amount below the\\nsurface never having been ascertained) as the State of Michigan.\\nWith regard to its purity, wo quote a letter addressed to Edward K. Collins, Esq., by\\nJames R. Chilton, M. 1). of New York City, in which Dr. Chilton says: I givo below\\ntho analysis of four samples of iron ore, which 1 took from boxes opened in my pres-\\nence, at your office in Wall Street, each box being mai ked in accordance with the sam-\\nple. Tho result was as follows\\nCollins Iron Co., Iron Hill, on sec. No. 2. Jackson Iron Co., Iron Hill on sos. No. I.\\nPer oxydo of iron 92 2G-100\\nequal to C458-100 metallc iron.\\nSilica 6 15-100\\nAlumina- 1 71-100\\nWater loss 3S-100\\nManganisu none.\\nMaking 100 00 p rts\\nMessrs. Trowbridge Gravorats Iron Hi!\\nsec. No. 10.\\nPer oxyde of iron, 94 37-100\\nequal to CGOO-loO mctalic iron.\\nSilica\\n3 11-100\\nAlumina\\n1 44-100\\n^lanyani. JO\\nKWldO\\nWater and loss\\n92-100\\nMaking\\n100 UO parts.;\\nPer oxvdo of iron,\\n95\\n60-100\\nequal to C0y2-l00 metalic\\nu-on.\\nSilica\\n1 71-\\n-100\\nAlumina\\n1 54-100\\nLime and Manganise\\n4:i-\\n-I lO\\nWater and loss\\n7-_\\n-100\\nMaking 100 00 ))art8\\nChristalino ore from Messrs. Trowbridgo\\nand Graverats iron Hill on sec. No. 10.\\nPer oxyde of iron, 98 78-100\\nequal to 6915-100 metalic iron.\\nSolica 46-100\\nAlumina 13-100\\nWater and loss 62-100\\nMakins:\\n100 00 parts\\nE.af.h of tho above samples was tested for Phosphorus and sulphur, hut without detect-\\ning any therefore I know of no reasim why these ores should not yield iron of tho\\nvery best quality, by tho simple.it mode of reduction.\\nRespectfully submitted, James R. Cuilto.n.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OP THE CITY OF DETROIT. 27\\nWe will here remark, tbat the boxes of ore mentioned by Dr. Chilton, were taken from\\nthe top of the iron hill mentioned by Mr. Collins, in the summer of 1853 and the verbal\\nopinion expressed by the Doctor, at the time he made the analysis, was that the ore must\\nincrease in richness as you descend towards the base of the hill. As these iron hills\\narc from 150 to 300 feet in height, and one solid mass of iron there can be but little\\ndoubt, but that at a depth of 100 foot from the surface, the ore must yield nearly 80 per cent-\\num, motalic u-on.\\nSomo of the hills above mentioned, are 80 rods in length by 40 rods in width, contain-\\ning raillious upon millions of tons of this very rich ore.\\nAs regards the quality and strength of the iron made from this ore, we quote from the\\nreport of Major Wade of the United States Ordnance Department, made to the Secretary\\nof War, Senate Documents, Special Session, March, IS.0 1, page 80.\\nSti ength of pounds per square inch.\\nIron from Salesbury, Conn., by means of\\n40 trials 58,009\\nfrom Sweden, 4 trials, 58.184:\\nfrom Centre County, Pa., 15 trials, 58,400\\nfrom Lancaster 2 58,661\\nfrom Mclntyre, Essex County, N. J, 4 trials 58,912\\nfrom England, Cable Bolt, E. V., 5 trials, 59,105\\nfrom Russia, 5 trials, 75,069\\nfrom Carp river, Lake Superior, 89,582\\nBy the above data it will be seen that the Lake Superior iron sustained a pressure of\\n13,513 lbs. more to the square inch than Russia iron, which was found to sustain 10,094\\nmore per square inch than English cable bolt, which is known to be the strongest iron Eng-\\nland makes thereby showing the Lake Superior iron to bo about 54 per cent, stronger\\nthan the best English cable bolt. This iron has been so thoroiiohly proven in New York,\\nBoston, PitFsburgh, Cincinnati, and at the United States Navy Yard, within the p. iSt five\\nyears, by manufacturing it into car axles, boiler plate, steam engines, wire, tacks, nails, (the\\ncut nail being found to clinch as well as the ordinary wrought nails) and tho manufac-\\nture of steel, that a volume could, if necessary, be written to show its great strength and\\ntenacity. All that is now wanted, is a sufficiency of capital to transport the ore to mar-\\nket, or manuficture the iron with charcoal, iu tlio immediate vicinity of the hills whero\\nthere is a superabundance of the best water power in tho State ami we can see no rea-\\nson why Michigan cannot supply her sister states with this superior iron at a lower prico\\nthan any other iron can be produced in this country. Bloom iron can be made with char-\\ncoal in Marquette county, by water power, and placed on board vessels at the low price\\nof #2G,50 per ton of 2,240 pounds; and the same iron can be sold in New York, for SlOO\\nper ton for tho various purposes we have enumerated the ore being above the surface,\\nits value can be .as easily ascertained as the valuo of a pino tree in tho forest and invest-\\nments of capital in this business, do not run that hazard they necessarily must run in\\nseeking for copper and other materials below the surface.\\nWe consider that a trip to the Iron Hills of Lake Superior will more than pay any\\none, if he does nothing more than take a hasty surrey of that immense mineral deposite,\\nwithout investing a farthing in tho various adventures to make them productive.\\nWorks for the manufacture of Iron are now in operation at Marquette, and others are\\nbeing erected. Railroads from Marquette to tho Iron manufactories have been constructed,\\nand the whistle of the Locomotive is already heard there, while largo quantities of tho\\nOro are transported to Erie, Cleveland and Wyandotte, a few miles below Detroit, to bo\\nmanufactured.\\nThe Collins Iron Company have erected very extensive works at Marquette, and have", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "28 SKBTCnES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nrecently commenced tbu manufacture of bar iron, and their first shipment of 02 tons was\\nreceived hero a few days since. They now have four forges, and will in a short time have\\nei?lit in opciation, when they will manufacture 50 tons per week. This iron, cu account\\nof its tuporior quality, sells readily for one hundred dollars per ton.\\nSince the above was written, another shipraentof 200 tons of bar iron has been received.\\nLAKE SL PERIOB MARBLE.\\nIn the vicinity, and beyond the Iron Hills, extensive beds of superior Marble hare been\\nfound, but for the want of roads they are at present inaccessible. But this will in a short\\ntime be remedied, when these quarries will be worked, and the time is not distiint when\\nit will be used in Detroit for building purposes, and Marble Palaces will bo erected by\\nthe Mining and Manufacturing Princes of the Upper Peninsula.\\nNo estimate could easily ov\u00c2\u00bb rvalue the richness and importance of the traffic of the Lako\\nSuperior region, even now, ami Riches that make the almost fabulous wealth of .Australia and\\nCalifornia but insignificant, lie hurried beyond the iron and copper bound shores of the\\nLake.\\nCOAL.\\nAbout 100,000 tons of iliiioral Coal is annually consumed in Detroit by manufactories,\\nFurnaces, Gas Works and Steamboats, and for domestic purposes. All of which is at pre-\\nsent brought here from Ohio and Pennsylvania, while within a distance of less than 100\\nmiles from the city, extensive fields of superior quality of coal have been known to ex-\\nist for many years past, but which could not bo made available to us for want of a cheap\\nniodo of conveyance to this point. This is now soon to be afforded by the construction\\nof the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad, which passes directly through the coal district;\\nwhen it is expected that our own coal fields will not only supply coal for the consumption\\nof the city, but also the mineral i-cgion of the Upper Peninsula, at cheaper rates than\\nit can be obtained from any other source.\\nThe late Dr. Houghton, State Geologist, made thorough explorations of the coal dis-\\ntricts, and in his reports to the Legislature in 1S39, 1840 and 1841, he says that the main\\nbod of coal which travci-ses the central counties of the State, has been traced norther-\\nly to within a few miles of the south line of Shiawassee county, and that the bed has been\\nfound of sufficient thickness to admit of being profitably worked. Also south-westerly\\ninto Jackson county, where the boil is of sufficient thickness to admit of being worked,\\nand the coal is of a quality well fittijd for all tho purposes to which that substance is\\najiplicd.\\nThe most extensive beds of coal were noticed in township 4 north, range 1 and 2 east,\\nin Ingham county, and range 3 and 4 west in Eaton county A bod of bituminous\\ncoal more than 2 feet thick of a superior quality in town 4 north, range 2 east occurs in\\ntho bed and banks of Cedar River, Ingham county. It is compact, has a glossy lustre,\\nignites easily, bums with a light flamo, and leaves only a small quantity of earthy resi-\\ndue. After commenting on tho range and extent of the coal bearing rocks hosays On\\nthe east group of rocks appears in the towns of Leoni and West jiortago, in Jackson\\ncounty, in the north east corner town of Ingham county, in tho bod of tho Red Cedar\\nRivor.\\nIts boundn y is known to streti-h northerly across tho Shiawassee and Flint Rivers,\\nthus bringing within the limits of the coal rocks, p.arts of Genesee, Shiawassee. Ingham,\\nJackson, Calhoun, Harry and Kent Counties, and probably the whole of Katon, Ionia and\\nClinton Counties. The coal at this point (Red Cedar Uiver, Ingham county) is very ac-\\nccEsablo, and must ore long prove of great importance.\\nTho coal has hero (Shiawassee County) a thickness of from three and a half to four feet.\\nFrom these extracts it appi ars that the coal bewaring rocks exteml through nine conn-\\ntics of tho Stato,(and they probably do more,) a distance of nearly one hundred miles and", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\n29\\nthat the same stratum of coal, belonging to the lower coal basin, is exhibited to view at\\nthree different points of out crop, viz at Barry, in Jackson county, at Red River, in\\nIngham county, 35 miles from Barry, and at Shiawassee River, 25 miles from Red Ce-\\ndar River, occupying a line at least GO miles in extent.\\nCol. Richard R. Lansing, President of the Michigan Coal Company, who hag spent tho\\npast ten years in investigating and exploring the coal fields, says that in 1844 he sank a shaft\\nat Kcd Cedar river, through the coal bed which at that point was about seven foot be-\\nlow the surface, and that he found it to be two feet nine inches thick, overlaid by a stra-\\ntum of fire clay, and resting on a bed of stone. That in 1850 he caused another shaft to\\nbo sunk, and the actual measurement of the thickness of the coal bed at that point, as re-\\nported to him, was found to bo 2 70-100 foot.\\nIn 1853, Col. Lansing laid bare tho coal bed at Red Cedar River, to the extent of Up-\\nward of a thousand superficial square foot, and removed to the surface about 60 tons of\\ncoal. The structure varied in thickness from three feet to twenty-eight inches, 14 tons of\\nthe coal was transjjortcd to Detroit, to be subjected to all the tests for the various purposes\\nfor which bituminous coal is generally used, which was tested by ^Ir. S. H. Newhall, Su-\\nperintendant of motive power M. C. R, R.. who certified to its adaptation for forges. Mr.\\nEber B. Ward who had its power to raise steam, tested on one of bis Boats, testifies\\nthat the coal burned freely, emitting a great deal of flameand raising steam rapidly, was\\nreduced to ashes without exhibiting any evidences of Sulphur, or clinker, or making any\\nimpression on the gr.ites of the furnaces, which after the experiment, were loft as free from\\nany adhesive matter as if wood had been burned.\\nCol. Orville B. Dibble of the Bid lle House, after testing it in making Gas, certified\\nth.at his decided opinion is, your coal yields as much gas as any other domestic coal used\\nfor that purpose, and its lumious qualities certainly exceed any othe i gas manufactured\\nby us.\\nMl-. Francis Smith an Engineer of great experience, in the making coko in the north of\\nEngland, certifies that ho made some experiments with tho Michigan Coal and came to\\nthe conclusion, which was entirely favorable to tho coal, as being good for the making of\\ncoke, that he had seen a gas retort charged with this coal three several times, and tho\\ncoke yielded in these instances, was, throughout, of that uniform silvery appearance\\nwhich is an invariable feature in good coke, and, that his impression is, that this coal\\nwith proper ovens, would make as good coke as that now used in England, in firing Loco-\\nmotives and blast furnaces.\\nFor domestic use Adrian R. TeiTy M. D., certifies that he never in the Western\\ncountry, burnt a coal which gave so clear and brilliant a flame and of which tho coke,\\n(after the bitumen was burned out,) made so permanent and hot a fire. It leaves but\\nan insignificant amount of ashes or earthy residue, in comparison with any coal I have\\never bui ncd in this region.\\nTho foregoing certificates are published in the Transactions of the Michigan Agricul-\\ntural Society.\\nTho Coal fields belonging to tho Michigan Coal Company which is now fully organized,\\nare three in number. One upon the Michigan Central Rail Road, one upon the Detroit\\nand Milwaukee Rail Road and one upon tho Detroit aad Lansing Plank Road. Each\\nof wliich have recently been explored by Mr. A. G. Bradford, of Pennsylvania, a scientific\\ngentleman of high attainments, and each is spoken of in a report made by him to tho\\nBoard of Directors, in tlic most favorable terms. Mr. B. states at tho conclusion of his\\nreport, that The Coal found at each place is of extraordinary purity, approaching in qual-\\nity Cannel Coal blend ing in its componant parts, all tho necessary elements for every va-\\nriety of use. From my Coal explorations in several States of tho Union, to which I\\nhave devoted the most of my attention for the past fifteen years of my life, I can safely", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "30\\nBKETCUES OF THE CUT OF DETROIT.\\nsay, that 1 never saw Coal at tho out crop of such oxtraordinary quality aud purity, and so\\nfroo gcuerally from Sulphur and other iiupurativos.\\nThis Company is ahout commencing active mining operations.\\nSALT.\\nIt is estimated, that there is annually brought to this State 8400,000 worth of salt\\nfrom the Now York Salt Springs. This shoulil, and tho time is not distant when it will\\nbo manufactured and supplied from tho salt springs of this State, which are known to\\nproduce brine of sufficient strength and purity for profitable manufacture.\\nBela Hubbard, Esq., late assistant State Geologist, in a communication to J. C. Holmes,\\nEsq., Secretary of the State Agricultural Society says; The State Geologist early point-\\ned out tho fact of thoexistoni-ooflargo3a!t deposits, and indicated tho points at which bor-\\nings might bo most profitably conducted. Those were commenced in 1839 at Grand Rap-\\nids and Tittabawassa river. Owing to tho great expense aud difficulty at that time of obtain-\\ning tho necessary materials for tho undertaking, no sufficient appropriations wore made,\\nand tho works were abandoned when the borings had [proceeded to not more than half\\ntho depth indicated, as that which wouM be found necessary, tlic latter being estimated at\\nfrom 600 to 700 feet. Even at the depth reached on Grand River, (about 300 feet)\\ntho quantity and strength of tho brine discharged, exceeded that obtaiiieil at any of tho\\nSalt Springs in tho country, except those of New York, being not less than 130 gallons per\\nminute, of which about 100 gallons contained a bushel of salt. At tho samo time, a pri-\\nvate cnterpi ise, undertaken at Grand Rapids, by the lion. Lucius Lyon, had conducted\\nborings to a depth of 400 feet, yielding a brine, when tho upper fresh waters could bo\\nshut off, of which, about 28 gallons contained a bushel of salt. Xono of these borings, how-\\never, had extended into the lower salt rock a sufficient depth to reach the strongest brine,\\nand the great difficulties attending the work in connection with tho small Ihcilitics for\\nsecurinc: a market, and for competition with tho rich salt springs of western New York,\\ninduced a temporary abandonment.\\nFacilities for procuring proper materials for working and for conveying the salt when\\nmanufactured to market, will now soon be afforded by tho completion of the Detroit and\\nMilwaukee Railroad and thcso salt wells will again bo opened, and to tho proper doprh\\nindicated by Dr. Houghton, when it is confidently expected that tho brine produced, will\\nbo second in character to none in tho United States.\\nCITV STATISTICS, 1SJ3.\\nThe following is a recapitulation of the statistics of tho city, prepared and reported\\nto tho Board of Water Commissioners by their Secretary, Juno 30th, 1855, at which time\\nthe city contained\\nFamilioH,*. 6,S2S\\n(PITicca, 175\\nItoiler Manufactories.^ 4\\nSaw Mamifactory, 1\\nTanneries .t Morocco fiict a, 9\\nPotteri*^^, 2\\nKodii A ^inall Beer Factories, i\\nJail, 1\\nFire Kngine Honsop, 9\\nTrivate Mea* Markets, 24\\nKldne and Marlile Works, 10\\nStationary Steam Engines, 4G\\nItectifying Distilories, 2\\nStores 33S\\nMechanic Shops, 34.1\\nIt. H. Car Factories, 2\\nSaw Mills, n\\nPlaster .Mill, I\\nBakeries,. 21\\nDye Houses, 5\\nChiirchcs, 28\\nHospital, 1\\nPrivate Schools, 24\\nPul.lic Markets, 2\\nSonp and Candle factoricii,- 9\\nPublic St Sprinklers, 2\\nttnceries 2( \u00c2\u00bb0\\nIron Kounderies, 7\\nKail Itoad Depots, 2 Steainphininf;, door. sash, blind\\nBrowerii s, 17 an l turrniure factories,- 12\\nMalt Houses. 2\\nBoardinp Ilouacs, 1.31\\nTaverns. 40\\nIron Machine Shops, 10\\nI.ocomntive Maufactories, 2\\nFlour Mills, 3\\nSteam Tulmcco Factories, 6\\nOaa Works. 1\\nPrintinRO Dices, 11\\nHanks 4\\nOrphans Homes, 2\\nUnrr .Mill Stone factory, I\\nWater Works I\\nPublic Halls 9\\nTheatres 5\\nPublic Schools 2S\\nWarehouses 2*\\nI.ard Oil Factorv 1\\nWheat Elevalorx 2\\nPublic bathing estublishmcDts, 4\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6This number more properly represents the number of House keepers than the number of families\\nTUc number is made up from those aiucsaed for water, and where fainilica nrc boarding with others", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 31\\nThe above includes thoso only within the city limits, while within a mile aboTO and bo-\\nlow there are, say 700 fiiniilios, several saw mills, tannaries, breweries, a copper smelting\\nworks, dry doclc, c., o., all of which are to be taken into account, when estimating the\\nbusiness c. of the city.\\nThe nuinljer of families residing in the fevernl\\nWards of the City, July 1st 1S55, were as fol-\\nlows;\\nFirst Ward, GG7.\\nSecond Ward, 229.\\nThird Ward, 530.\\nFourth Ward, 977.\\nFifth Ward, 817.\\nSixth Ward, 1,159.\\nSevonth Ward, 1,065.\\nEighth Ward, 884.\\nTotal, C,328.\\nThe number of families residint; in the\\nlower or western district of the city,\\nc omprisinff the 1st, 2d, 5th and 8th\\nWards, was, 2,597.\\nThe number of Families residinj; in the\\nupper or eastern district, comprising the\\n3d, 4th, Uth and 7th Wards, was, 3,731.\\nThe increase of number of Families in the City,\\nfor the year ending July 1st, 1855, was as fol-\\nlows:\\nIn the lower or western district, comprising 1st,\\n2d, 5th and 8th Wards, as follows:^\\nFirst Ward, 14 Families.\\nSef^ond Ward, 5\\nFifth Ward, 87\\nEighth Ward, 97\\nTotal, 233\\nIn the upper or eastern district,\\ncomprising the 3d, 4th, 7th and\\n0th Wards, as follows;\\nThirdWard, 1\\nFourth Ward, 34\\nSixth Ward, 104\\nSeventh Ward, 173\\nTotal, 372\\nTotal increase in City, 575\\nSCHOOI-S THEia EAKI.T HISTORT.\\nThe compiler of these sketches is indebted for the following sketch of the early history of\\nschools in Detroit, to lion. B. F. H Witherell, to whom the public .are frequently indebted\\nfor interesting sketches of the early history of Michigan, published in the city papers.\\nDear Sir At your suggestion, I send you a sketch of the early history of Schools in\\nour Territory, so far as I have been able to learn it\\nIt is difficult to trace in detail, tho efiorts made more than a half a century since for the\\neducation of- our people shut out as they were, fi-om tho rest of the civilized world, by\\nhundreds of miles of pathless forests, and scattered along the margins of our rivers and\\nlakes, of whom some few hundreds only were gathered about the hamlet of Detroit then\\nonly a trading post, with a garrison to protect it.\\nOn cnr|uiry of some of the Old Settlers, I learn, that some time during the latter\\npart of the last century, Monsieur Recours, and afterwards Mr. Ballpour taught the school,\\nand after them, about 1799 to 1803, a Mr. Eurrel wielded the ensign of authority he kept\\non St. James street in the rear of the present Freemason s Hall.\\nAfter Burrell, came Mr. Donovan. Ho taught at the Park-house, between St. Louis St.,\\nand the river, in rear of Palmer Whipples Stationer s store.\\nOn the 11th of June, 1805, in the morning when the fire burst out, (which con-\\nsumed every house in the town, but one.) one of the scholars tells me that he was in school\\nhearing the alarm, the boys all rushed forth to see the fun but while in full career, they\\nwere suddenly arrested, by a cask of tamarinds, thrown into the street from a burning\\nstore, on which they feasted till tho flames drove them off. Teacher and scholars in\\na few minutes found themselves, hatless and bookless all were consumed and tho v.hole\\ntown being in ashes, none could be got. But the old French fashion of making a turban of\\na handkerchief, answered the purpose.\\nOld John Golf, the old sage, with his drab breeches and long blue stockings, followed\\nDonovan. Ho kept the school for several years after tho fire. The boys say that he\\nor in boarding houses and taverns, they are not set down. The number of families boarding is unu-\\nsually large at present in the city, in consequence of the scarcity of dwellings to rent, the assessor found\\nhut 23 in the whole city at the lime he went through it, and he parsed through every street. And\\nseveral of these were vacantto repair This number offarailieshe estimates would average, including\\nsingle persons, (of which there is a mnch greater proportion than in eastern cities,) and the families\\nboarding, at eight each, which would give a population at that time in the city of 50,624.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "32 8KSTCHE8 OF THB CITT OF DETROIT.\\nhiul not tho fear ol tlio Maine Law before his eyes, but daily got a little corned in the\\nforenoon, and licked tlie boys and in the afternoon, kissed the girls. At last the old man\\npassed away from mortal ken having taught as long as ho could stand on his legs.\\nHe first opened his school on the west side of tho mouth of tho Riror Savoyard, near\\ntho old residence of the late Col. D. G. Jones and his hist school wiis kept opposite B.\\nThompson s Livery Stable.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0The River Savoyard somewhat noted in the annals of our city, was nothing more than\\na largo creek, draining tho common back of the town.and a few farms lying aboro it. It\\nwas sometimes a largo stream and I have known it necessary to take people living along\\nits margin, out of their windows into a canoe and carry them ashore. This was after\\nlong-continned rains; but ourniuJorn subterranean rivers have done tho work for tho\\nSavoyard its glory is departed it is among tho things that iccrc but are not\\nIt obtained its narao from old Peter Berthlett (tho grand-father of those yet among us,)\\nhe kept a pottery on the west side of its mouth, near the outlet of tho present grand se^v-\\ner. lie bore the nick-nunie of Savoyard pri bul)ly because himself or his ancestors Were\\nfrom Savoy ho always wont by that name. Mrs. Sheldon luis in some way trausfurnlod\\nit to Xavier, which it never bore.\\nOld Father Berthlett went to Montreal, and in days when stoves were a scartre article,\\nbrought up a large number, and let them out for from three to ten dollars each, per win-\\nter and by this and other operations, became tho wealthiest man in Canada. He died\\nabout thirty years ago.\\nMais revenon a nos Mouton.\\nDaniel Curtis kept the school a while in 1810 and 11. He was then appointed\\nan officer in the army, and a right brave and gallant soldier ho was. Ho, and a brother\\nLieutenant, in spite of tho orders of a drunken Captiiin, held out for many days against\\na large body of Indians who besieged Fort until relieved by a body of General\\nHarrison s light-horse.\\nOld Mr. Rowe next entered the field after the war was over, and taught tho school\\nin a little wooden building, which stood in the rear of Ives Broker s office, in Griswold\\nstreet, belonging to Joseph Compau. Here tho sciences flourished under tho influence\\nof tho old man s birchen rod. There was a little cupola on tho edifice the only one of the\\nkind west of Lake Erie. The young ido is rapidly expanded under its shadow. Rowo\\nslept with his fatliers, and as all tilings must have an end, so did tho cupola. Griswold\\nstreet was to be widened. Mr. Compau refUsed his assent, and deeming the offered\\ncompensation insuffi iont, he refused to remove the building, and the agents of the city\\nsawed dutcii through it and sold that ])al l that was in the street to John Farmer (I think)\\nwill) yet owns it.\\nTho good old Father Richard, the only Catholic clergyman in the country whom nono\\nknow but to respect was anxious to educate h s people, and about tho year 1811, sent to\\nFrance and procured M. Lo Salliere to come over as a teacher. He taught a short time, but\\nthe war came on and his school ceasod. There are yet several mon among us, who owe\\nmuch of their schoUistic knowleilge to Father Richard s personal attention as their teach-\\ner, but his clerical duties, occupied too much ot his time to leave as much as he dcsirej\\nfor educational purposes.\\nAmong tho well eihuMtcd men natives of tho cotmtry in oUTen time, was that sterling\\nold patriot. Captain Cliarles Morau, the father of the Judge.\\nWhen quite a young man he was employed in tho office of Captain Phillip do Jean, so\\nwell known, and who figured largely in the history of Michigan, some eighty years since.\\nDo Jean was an emigrant from France, and was appointed n magistrate by tlio British\\nLieutenant-Ciovcrnor II imllton. under wiiosoorders, ho. on the l. ^th of March, 1776, tried\\nJohn Contencinan for stealing some beaver, otter, and raccoon skins, from Abbot Finchly,", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 33\\nand Ann Wylie. formerly a slave of Abbott Fincbley on a charge of stealing or be-\\ntng accused of stealing a purse containing six guineas, c. The sentence of Justice do\\nJean was, that they be hanged, hanged, hanged, and strangled till they be dead on tho\\nking s domain. (the common) and they were hanged. Governor Hamilton and de Jean\\nsoon after left on a militai-y expedition to tho Illinois, where they were made prisoners\\nby Gen. George Rogers Clark, whom tho State of Virginia had sent over the AUogha-\\nnies with a small force to protect the infant settlements of the west.\\nHamilton and Do Jean never returned had they done so, they wouhl have been tried\\nfor murder as the Governor-General and Chief Justice had caused warrants to bo issued\\nfrom Quebec for their arrest. H.a.mtiiamck.\\nCOMMON SCHOOLS.\\nThe Common Schools of Detroit, where every child in the city can obtain the elements\\nof a good English Education /rce of charge are the pride and boast of our city.\\nCommon Schools were first established in 1842. Previous to this time but little interest\\nhad been manifested in the cause of general education, and the first to take tho ini-\\ntiatory steps towards the establishment of a system of general education was Dr. Zi..a\\nPitcher, who, while Mayor in 1841, called the attention of the Common Council to the\\ngreat need of Common Schools in the city. A report was subsequently made to the\\nCouncil which showed there were 27 English Schools, 1 French and 1 German School\\nin tho city, and tho whole number of pupils about seven hundred, while there were up-\\nwards of two thousand children of the proper school ago in the c ty.\\nMeasures were then immediately taken to estabHsh an additional number of Schools,\\nand seven others were soon opened, and urgent efforts used to persuade parents whose\\nchildren were then roaming the streets, to send them to these Schools. In 1S42 an act\\nwas passed by the Legislature incorporating the various Schools of tho city into one\\nDistrict, under the style of tho Board of Education of the City of Detroit. The Board\\nis composed of two School Inspectors from each ward, one of whom is annually elected\\n_ for the term of two years.\\nDr. Pitcher, distinguished and beloved for his untiring efforts in behalf of every\\ninterest connected with the cause of Education in this city and state, both as a member\\nof the Board of Education and Board of Regents of the State University (of which until\\nrecently he was a member from its first establishment,) continued his efforts in behalf of\\nthe Common Schools without abatement and while Mayor, presided over the deliberations\\nof the Board, and zealously devoted himself to developo and perfect the Free Schoo\\nSystem.\\nDr. Pitcher had in tho late Hon. Samuel Barstow an able and devoted coadjutor. Who\\nfrom their estabhshment up to the time of his death, (which took place July 12th, 1854,)\\nwas unwearied in his efforts, devoting much of his timo and talents to perfect the sys-\\ntem, and establish the Schools on a permanent basis.\\nTo the persistent, unwearied and united eXLM-tions of Dr. Pitcher and Mr. Barstow, tho\\nsystem in a great degree owes its present perfection. Other members of the Board de-\\nserve honorable mention for their early eftbrts in behalf of the cause of Education, amon\\nwhom are George Robb, D. Bethune Duflield, Eben N. Wilcox, James V. Campbell, and\\nCharles Byram, Esqs.\\nMr. Barstow was President of the Board for many years, and was succeeded by Levi\\nBishop, Esq., the present able and efficient incumbent, in wlmm the cause of Education\\nhas a worthy successor of the lamented Barstow.\\nThe Schools under tho charge of the Boai d, are three T^nion Schools two Middle\\nSchools eleven Primary Schools and one Colored School. The throe Union Schoolsjcon-\\nt lin eleven departments, and have an aggregate attendance of 2,000 Scholars.\\nThe number of teachers employed in all the Schools, is thirty seven, of whom nine", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "34 SKETCHES OF THE CITV OK DETKOIT.\\naro males, and twenty eight are females. The number of Scholars in all the Schools,\\nduring the past your was 5000. The expenditures for the year amounted to 15,f)2. ,94.\\nThe value of the property owned by the Board is estimated at thirty-five thousand dollars.\\nThe Schools arc sustained by moneys annually drawn from the State School Fund, and\\nby a t;ii on the real and pcreonal jiropcrty in the city.\\nIt is in contemplation to establish at an early day, a High School, wborj pupils may\\nbo prepared for tho University Course. When this is done the system will be complete in\\nform, and if carried out with the same faithfulness that has hitherto characterised the acts\\nof tho Board, tho pupils in tho Detroit Common Schools will rank favorably with those of\\nany other similar institiiti in in tho country.\\nBesides the Common Schools, there arc twonty-four private Schools and Seminaries in\\nthe city, where those who wish can educate their children and two excellent Commercial\\nColleges.\\nSince tho foregoing was prepared, tho proceedings of tho Board of Education contain\\ntho following\\nOn motion of Levi Bishop, the following preamble and resolutions were unanimously\\nadopted\\nh hereas, Tho late Samuel Barstow, Esq., once President of this Board, was, from the\\nbeginnin;;, one of tho most efficient and active promoters of tho free school system of De-\\ntroit, and its present st;itc of prosperity and increasing usefulness is in a large measure\\ndue to his unt riiig zeal and solf-djnying laboi-s; therofore.\\nResolved, That tho newly enlar^od school building in the Seventh Ward be named in his\\nhonor tho Barstow Union School. and that the Building Committee cause a marble tab-\\nlet to bo inserted in the vacant panel in tho front of said building, inscribed with tho\\nwords Barstow Union School.\\nCHrnCHTS ANDRn.IGIOl* SOCIETIES.\\nTho first house for public worship eroctod in tho city, w;is built by tho Roman Cath-\\nolics, in the year 1T23, on a site now occupied by Jefferson Avenue, and directly in front\\nof the Masonic Hall, and was burned with tho city in 1805. The Cathedral of St. Ann,\\nerected on tho triansilo. bctwoon Larned and Congress, and Bates and Randolph streets,\\nwas commenced in ISlT by the Rev. Oabriid Richard; but w.is not completed until after\\nhis death, in 1832, though it was occupied by the Society for many years before.\\nThe fii-st ProtesUint Society in Detroit, w;is organiz }d by tho Methodists, in 1812.\\nThe firet Episcopal Society was organized in 1.S24.\\nTho first Presbyterian Church was orj.-xnizod in 1K2 which society erected a houfo\\nof worship on the corner of Wnodward Avenue and Lariicd street, whcro the brick chunh,\\nafterwards erected by them was burned in January 1H.)4. The church was constructi d\\nof wood, and was removed to give place for the brick one, and is now owned and occupied\\nby thn Irisli Catholic Society, anil is located on tho corner of Porter and Sixth streets, and\\nis shortly to be removed to give place for a more comnindious brick edifice.\\nThere arc at thistimo 28 church edifices in the City, as fcdiows\\nItO.ntN CATII\u00c2\u00abLIC.\\nCathedral of St. Ann; (French) cor Bates and Larned streets stone.\\nCathedral of St Peter and St. Paul (Irish) comer Jefferson Avenue and St. Antoine streets\\nbrick.\\nSt. Mary s Church, (Oorman) corner Croghan and St. Antoine streets ibrick.\\nTrinity Church, (Irish) corner Porter and Sixth street wood.\\nPnoTESTANT.\\nPresbyterian Church, corner State and Farrar streets brick.\\nPresbyterian Church, comer Fort and Fourth streets stone.\\nPresbyterian Church, comor JefTorson Arenuo, near Rivard street brick.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROJT. 35\\nPresbYtoi iun Church, corner Lafayette and Cass streets brick.\\nPresbyterian Church, (Scotch) East Park wood.\\nCongregational Church, corner Fort and Wayne streets brick.\\nSt. Paul s Church, corner Congress and Shelby streets stone.\\nChrist s Church, Jott erson Avenue, between Hastings and Rivard wood.\\nMariner s Church, corner Woodward Avenue and Woodbridge street stone.\\nSt. Mathews Church, (colored) corner Congress and St. Autoine street wood.\\nBaptist Church, corner Foi-t and Griswold sts wood.\\nTabernacle, Raptist. Howard, between Second and Third streets wood.\\nMcfJiodist church, corner Woodward Avenue and State street brick.\\nMethodist church, corner Congress and Randoljih streets brick.\\nMethodist church.corner La Fayette and Fourth streets wood.\\nMethodist church, corner of Walnut and Seventh streets brick.\\nMetliodist church, (French) corner Rivard and Croghan streets brick.\\nMethodist cliurch, ((rcrman) corner Croghan near St. Antoine brick.\\nMethodist church, (colored) La Fayette street, near Beaubien brick.\\nNew church, corner Jefferson Avenue and Beaubien street brick.\\nUnitarian church, corner La Fayette and Shelby street brick.\\nDutch Reformed church, corner Congress near Rivard street brick.\\nDutch Ref9rmed church, corner Croghan and St. Antoine streets brick.\\nGerman Lutheran church, corner Monroe Avenue and Randolph streets brick.\\nFour stone, eigliteen brick ;md six wood.\\nSeveral religious societies destitute of houses of worship hold service in public halls, c.\\nMany of the Churches are elegant and costly edifices. The Church of St. Ann (French\\nCatholic) is the oldest church in Detroit. It is l. il feet long and GO feet wide. Tlie Ca-\\nth( dral of Saints Peter and P lul (Catholic) is the largest, being ICO feet in length, 81 feet\\nwide and 72 feet high. The steeple, which is not yet erected, is designed to be 200 feet\\nto its top from the pavement.\\nThe Congregational and three Presbyterian Churches, erected within the past two year-\\nare larg^ and commodious, each capable of seating lOOO persons, and are not surpassed in\\ntheir stylo of architecture in the western States. They were all designed and constructed\\nunder the superintendence of Mr. A. Jordon, architect of this city. The foUowini; is a\\ndescription of one of them just completed:\\nThe Fort Street Pro-bytcrian Chjrchis built of limestone, from the quarries at Maiden,\\nin the early decorated styh; of Gothic architecture. It has the principal tower on tho\\nnirth-west corner, with snKill tower on tlie north-east corner, and a square tower in tho\\ncentre of front gable. The face work is of i ubble stono, laid in even courses, having tho\\npinnacles, moulded jambs, tracery, and other trimmings, of cut stone. Tho main tower\\nis 100 feet high, and has heavy projecting buttresses on the corners, finishing against the\\nbelfry story in an octagonal form,and continued up above tho parapet with crocketed pin-\\nnacles. Tho spire rises to the height of 130 feet above tho tower, octagonal in form, and\\nenriched with boldly carved crockets on the angles. From the pinnacles on the four cor-\\nners of the tower spri.ig flying buttresses to the corners of tlio spire, pierced with pointed\\nopenings, and having crocketed parapets. The front is riclily decorated witli tracery, the\\nhoods to windows crocketed, the gable surmounted with embattled parapet, a niche on\\neither side of centre window; the centre tower finished with a pierced parapet, and richly\\ncrocketed pmnacles. The small tower terminates with a two story lantern, each story\\npierced with eight openings.\\nTho audience chamber is 90 feet long by 60 feet wide, lighted by si.t pointed windows\\non cacli side, and a circular window in the rear wall. It has an open roof, supported by\\nsix trusses spanning across the building, elaborately filled witli tracery up to tho ridge,", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "36\\nSKETCHES OF TUB CITT OK DETROIT.\\nwhich is 72 feet high above the floor. The back waH i\u00c2\u00bb oriiumented wHh a bundsome\\nscreen, having an overhanging canopy aboro the |)ulpit richly curviid ami (leoorati d.\\nTliero are no galleries, except the one for the choir, which is ovir the restibule, and in\\nwhich is placed u fine organ, built by Mr. George Stevens, of Cambridge, Massachusetts,\\nat a cost of ^l,00O. There are twelve chandeliers in the audience chamber two suspen-\\nded from [londants of each roof truss forming a pleasing coup d lril. J here are a centre\\nand two side aisles to the church, and one hundred and ninety slips, cajiable of sealing\\n1,000 pei sons. The basement story is 11! feet high, containing u lecture mom, which will\\nseat 400, .Sabbath and infant school nxims, pastor s study, two furnace and fuel rooms.\\nThe cost of the edifice and its finishings is 8^70,000. It has been built from the designs\\nof Messrs. O. A. Jordan, of this city, under the superintendence of Mr. A. Jordan.\\nI ho contraetoi-s were, for tho mason work, Mr. Thos. Fairbaim car|i(nters woik, Messrs.\\nMcDurt Mitchell jilastering Messrs. Itowe Boyd; painting. Messrs. Ciodfrey, i)eai) jc\\nLiable. The furnaces wore furnished by Messrs. Dudley Holmes.\\nCEnETFUItS.\\nTho first Roman Catholic Cemetery was situatetl where the Masonic Ilall, now stands;\\nand was used as such from 1723 until tlio year 1810, when the Ciovernor and Judges granted\\nto the corporation of St. Ann, the public triangle in section one for the purpose of crectmg\\na church thereon, and sixteen city lots north of the same for a burying grounil.\\nHere the remains of Col. llamtramck repose. His tomb boars the following inscription\\nSacred to the memory of John Francis llamtramck, Ysty, Col. of the 1st. U. S. Uegiment\\nof Infantry, and commandant of Detroit and its dependencies. He departed thislile, on the 11th\\nof April, 1803, aged 45 years 7 months and 28 days. True p;itriotism and zealous attach-\\nment to national liberty, joined to a laudable ambition, led him into militai y service at an\\nearly period of his life. He was a soldier even before he was a man.\\nHo was an active participator in all the dangere, difficulties and honors of the Revolu-\\ntionary War. And his heroism and uniform good conduct, procured him the attention and\\npoi sonal thanks of the immortal Washington. The I Mited States in him have lost a val-\\nu ible ollicor and a good citizen, and society an useful and pleasant member To bis fami-\\nly the loss is inc.ilculablc and his friemls will never forget the memory of llamtramck.\\nThis humble monument is placed over his remains by the officers who had the honor to\\nservo under his commaad: a small but grateful tribute to his m rit and his worth.\\nThis groinid was used until about 182fi, when the Society pureh.-\u00c2\u00bbsed a lot on the Antoino\\nBeaiibien farm, near tho tiratiot road, for a Cemetery and interments were made there\\nuntil about the year 1846, when they purcli;ised a large and handsomely located lot of land\\nin tho town of llamtramck, about two miles above tho city, which is called Mount Klliott.\\nTlio Protestant burying ground in an early lay, was on the north side of Lanieil street, and\\noast of Woodward Avenue, now occui ied by the Holmes Block, Water Works Office, Sec.\\nThe military burial ground occupied most of thesijuaro formed by Fort. Shelby, Lafayette\\nand (iriswold streets. Xo interments were mailo thereafter 1S27 ami in l. 2S, on re-\\nmoving the Fort, the remains were taketi u]i and removed to anew ground. The burial\\nground on tho corner of Lamed Street and Woodward Avenue, continued to bo used until\\nabout 1826, when the city purchased a lot adjoining tho Catludic ground, on the Antoine\\nBeaubinn farm and also in 1834, about lifty acres of land for a cemetery ontheGouin\\nfarm, north of tho Jratiot road, part of which was laid out into small lots and sold. This\\nground is still used as tho City burial gronml.\\nELnWOOD.\\nThis beautiful and sequestered Cemetery lies in tho Township of llamtramck. about two\\nmiles from the City Hall, and occupies about sixty-five acres of land, well diversified, of\\nlight and porous soil, well adapted to its design.\\nTho ground was purchased in tho spring of tho year 184G. llio fit improvements, such", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 37\\nas teiicins, laying out drives and walks, and platting into lots, proceeded during the sum-\\nmer a tiisteful English Cottage, designed as a residence for the Superintendent, was\\nerected, anil in October of that year, it w,-is opened for the interment of the departed. It\\nafterwards became Incorporated by act of the Legislature. The following persons consti-\\nituted the first Board of Officers elected under the act of incorporation, viz\\nA. D. Frasee was elected President John Owen, Treasurer Henry Ledyard, Socre-\\nfcity Henry Ledtabd and Chaeles C. Trowbridoe, Executive Committee.\\nThe following is the list of original subscribers\\nDouglass Walker. John A. Welles, Henry H. Brown, H. P. Baldwin. Henry Ledyard,\\nGea E. Hand, J. M. HowanJ, Franklin Moore, Hallock Raymond, A. W. Bucl, Georgo\\nP. Porter, J. S. Parrand, George Foote, C. C. Trowbridge, John Owen, F. Buhl, W. A.\\nRaym^nd, J. N. Elbert, D. Smart, C. Morse, J. A. Van Dyko, H. H. Emmons, J. S. Jen-\\nness, Edward Lyon, Harmon DeGrafF, Samuel Coit, Shubael Conant, S. P. Brady, Fred-\\nerick Wetmore, J. W. Tillman, E. Fiu-nsworth, George C. Bates, Charles S. Tripler, W.\\nN. Carpenter, A. S. Kellogg, E. Eldred, Z. Chandler, D. Cooper, J. G. Hill, G. R. Russell,\\nA. S. Williams. A. H. Adams, C. H. Avejy. George Hill, John Drew, E. P. Hastings, C.\\nHoward, C. G. Hammond, A. S. Porter, T. Romeyn, A. D. Fraser, J. F. Joy, W. Trues-\\ndall, J. Winder E. A. Wales, James V. Campbell. Darius Lamson, J. A. Hicks, Luther\\nBeecher, M. F. Dickinson, Henry Doty. Samuel Barstow, Thomas W. Lockwood, Richard\\nH. Hall, Pierre Teller, D. Goodwin, B. F. Larned, Robert Dcrmont, DeGarmo Jones,\\nMichigan Lodge Xo. 1. by A. S. Kellogg, AVayno Lodge No. 2. by A. S, Kellogg, Wa-\\nwe-a-tonong Lodge No. 12. by A. S. Kellogg, Moses P. Hutchius, J. H. Farnsworth, Al-\\nesandei- Goodell, T. H. Hinchman, William S. Lee^ Bela Hubbard, A. Clark, J. L. King.\\nSince the original purchase, twenty-five acres has been added, on the N. W. side, extend-\\ning ahjng upon the sides of the i-avico, adding largely to the interesting feature, and\\ncapabilities of the place.\\nHere, beneath the shade of the old towering elms, whose name it bears, wUI sleep, as\\nthey pass away, the generations who have peopled Detroit.\\nfff.re on LMs spat,\\nhrre manij ^eiter^ tions sleep fitr^tit,\\nVpf om MiHetiimb and ffrassy ijuiund,\\nTItere ciimetk on the ear a peaceful sound.\\nWhich liids us he ctintcnted with out lot,\\nAnd suffer calmly,^\\nThe mild bre;ith of Spring blows gently across the grave of youth and beauty, the gor-\\ngeous summer cooies up and st;uids in her pride around the tomb of maturity, and the wind\\nof autumn sighing drearily, scatters the yellow leaves over the last resting place of those\\nwho have gone down in the fulness of years, and winter comes, last in its time, clasping all\\nlike death itself, in its dumb cold embrace.\\nIf it indicates a geotle spirit, and hearts open to the influences of elevated humanity\\nto cherish and beautify the graves of lost love to honor the useful and good, and to fresh-\\nen the remembrance of the sweet and lovely in life, then hae Detroit furnished such evi-\\ndence in her ch;iste, secluded, picturesque and beautiful Elmwood.\\nWATER WOItKS.\\nA supply of pure water is essential to the hoaltti, and therefore to the prosperity of any\\ncity. The citizens of Detroit may well congratulate themselves upon having a water works,\\nwhich furnishes an abundant supply of as pure water as any in the world, conveying it into\\ntheir very dwellings, and at rates far cheaper than any other city. The water is taken from\\nthe river above the city and forced by two stesm engines into an iron reservoir 60 feet in\\ndiameter and 20 feet deep, elevated on a circular brick tower 50 feet in height from wliich\\nit is distributed ihi oughout the city, by naeans of iron and wood pi] es.\\nThe soil upon which the city is built, being mostly impenneaijle clay, the water pro-\\ncured by wells, is, with occasional and few .exceptions, surface, and not spring water, and", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "38 SKETCHES OF TUB CITY OF DETROIT.\\ncontains a large j)iT oont. of organic matter, greatly incrcjised in the ncighborliooj of\\ndrains and sewti s, and which therefore constitutes a serious objection to its use. Its analy-\\nsis showed that it contained llC grains of compound ingi cdients to a gallon, while a gal-\\nlon of water taken from these works exhibited but about 5 grains the compound of\\nthe river water being composed mostly of silica, allumina, and iron, elements that can\\nproduce little or no injury while the solid matter of the well water cont;iincd a largo\\nquantity of chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, and magnesium, the two latter be-\\ning cathartic in their projiorties. The analysis also shows that the water of the river,\\ndrawn from the great northern lakes, and from which the works are supplied, is founil\\nas pure and free from mineral substance as almost any body of water in the world.\\nIn 1836, the city purchased the works, which had been ostahlishcd by individual enter-\\nprise, ten rears before, and ex])ended upon them about \u00c2\u00a9120,000. In 1852, at which time\\nthey had cost the city the sum of $200,000, over and above all receipts, they were placed\\nunder the management of a bo;ird of Trustees, who wore subsequently, by ait of the Leg-\\nislature, inorpoi-ate l as a board of Commissioners. Up to the 1st of January last, the\\nCommissioners had expended, in reconstructing and enlarging the works, the sum of\\n$271,000. The amount of their ordinary receipts over ordinary expenditures was $-ll.COC\\nmaking the amount expended for construction over receipts 8229,400, which addeil to the\\namount before expcndeil by the Common Council, shows the tot;d cost of the works to Jan-\\nuary 1st, 1855, to be ^495,400.\\nIn 18.S8, when the works were first regularly conducted by the city, the assessmert\\namounted to S3,G7C, and the number of assessments to C13. In 1845 the assessments\\nwere $0,488, and the number wjis 1,251. In 1854, the assessments were 831.840, and tho\\nnumber was ),872. Tho assessment of 1854 exceeded that of tlie previous year by more than\\nS3,O0O, and tho assessment for IJ- S.), is ?3G.l84 being an incrcaso of S4,344 over las\\nyear, an l 6C3 more families are supplied with water from tho works, than there wore\\none year ago while there is no doubt that this ratio of incrcaso will continue for many\\nyo .18, on the lines alone of pipes now laid. There are now 27 miles of iron and about 14\\nmiles of wooden pipes. It would be a low figure to estimate the amount of assessment\\nfrom the pipes now laid at SjO.OOO annually, when the lines are filled by buildings an\\nevent, at the present rate of construction, not far otf. Tho extension of pipes will at tho\\nsame time be required in new districts, which are fast being settled. There arc now at\\nleast one thousand families living beyond the reach of water from thcpO works, who pro-\\ncui-e but a scanty supply from wells.\\nThe population of tho city having double l in tho hist four years, and the receipts for\\nwater nearly so, it would bo safe to estimate that the population and receipts for water will\\ndouble in the next five years. So that by tho time tho loan recently made, of $250,000 is\\nexpended in extending tho works, tho revenue from tho water would not only jiay the an-\\nnual interest and ordinary expenses, hut leave a largo surplus annually to go into a sinking\\nfuml pledged to the extinguishment of tho debt.\\nTho works are owned by tho city, and managed by a Board of Commissionere, chosen by\\ntho Common Council. Tho water mtcs aro not fixed by any law, but are graduated by tho\\nBoard to meet tho requirements properly belonging to them.\\nThe present minimun price for families, is four dollars per annum, a fi^action over one cen\\nper day whic i it is believed, is lower than that established by any other water works in tho\\nunion. Tho project of sup]dyiinr the inhabitant-s with water, by means of water works\\nwas agitated at an early day. In 1820 a proposition was made to the Trustees by Mr\\nJohn W. Tomkins to furnish tho city with water, but no action was had ou tho proposi-\\ntion by tho Board, except ordering it pl.ved on file, thonch sulsequently frequent di. cus-\\nsions were h.id. Nothing decisive was .idoptcd until 1.S25. when a Water Works wils com-\\nmenced by Mr. Bathuel Farrand under an act passed by tho Common Council granting", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 39\\nhim the sole and exclusive right of watering the city, and in 1827 the citizens were first\\nfurnished with water from the works. The water was raised by two pumps of 5 inches\\nhero, driven by horse power into a forty gallon cask, at the top of a cupola, from which it\\nwas conducted through tamarack logs to a reservoir 16 feet square and six feet deep, sit-\\nuated on the lot now occupied by the Firemen s Hall, corner of Jefferson Avenue and\\nBates street. The pump was at the foot of Randolph street, on lot 25, Berthlet s sub-\\ndivision, adjoining French Eldred s Carding Mill. In 1829 other parties became inter-\\nested in the works, and a Company was organised under an oi-dinance passed by the\\nCommon Council, which company was subsequently incorporated by the LogisL-xtivo Coun-\\ncil. The company made an effort to obtain a supply of water by boring into the earth in\\n1820, and bored a hole of four inches in diameter to the depth of 2G0 feet, on a lot at the\\nS.E. copier of Fort and Wayne streets, ten foet of alluvial earth was first passed through,\\nnext a stratum of tenacious marly clay with veins of quick sand 115 feet, 2 feet of beach\\nsand with pebble stones succeeded, and rock was then struck. It consisted of a stratum\\nof neodiferous lime rock CO feet in depth. Tlio auger then penetrated sixty-five feot into\\nias, in the course of which it fell into a cavity 21 inches in depth. A stratum of carbon-\\nate of lime, impregnated with salt, in a rather friable and yielding form succeeded, which\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was considered a subordinate bed in the lias, for the latter was again found below it, and the\\nboring continued eight feet, when no water was obtained and the project abandoned.\\nIn 1830 the Company constructed a reservoir 18 feet square and 9 feet deep on the\\nsame lot. The water was pumped into it by means of a ten horse power engine, driving\\na rotary pump, and was forced through a three inch iron pipe. The Company continued\\nto extend their works and made every effort to supply the inhabitants with water in the\\nface of an increasing pecuniary loss and the complaints of the public, until 1836, when they\\nwere purchased by the city. The city projected the present works, and the construc-\\ntion commenced in 1837. In 1841 the Xew Works were so far brought into use as to\\nsup]ily water to the Fort Street reservoir. In 1842 the present iron reservoir was brought\\ninto use, and the Fort Street reservoir abandoned. The works were conducted by a Supei--\\nintendent annually appointed by the Council, until the Spring of 1849, when ho was elect-\\ned at the Charter Election. For several years there had been many complaints of an ir-\\nregular and insufficient supply of water, and discussions and debates were had as to tie\\nbest policy to be pursued. Many were in favor of the sale of the works. In February\\n1852 the Common Council passed an ordinance by which the control and management\\nof the works were vested in a Board of Trustees, and Shubacl Conant, Henry Ledyard,\\nEdmund A Brush, James A. Van Dyke and William R. Noyes, were appointed Trustees.\\nThe Board at once determined to re-construct the works on an enlarged scale. In the\\nmoan time relief was afforded to several sections of the city by the extension of iron dis-\\ntribution pipes.\\nIn February 1853, an act was passed by the Legislature, incorporating the Board of Wa-\\nter Commissioners of the City of Detroit, and naming the gentlemen who composed the\\nBoard of Trustees as Commissioners with power to loan S{f 250,000. The Board of Commis-\\nsioners was organized on the IGth of May following, the loan was soon affected, and the\\nmoney obtained, when the work of reconstruction commenced, and seven and a-half miles\\nof iron pipes were laid fifty-four new fire hydrants erected, and twenty-nine stop cocks\\nput in before the close of the season. The Board .also purchased 10 acres of land on the\\nDequindre farm, on the summit, north of the Gratiot road, about one and a-half miJes\\nfrom the river, for the purpose of constructing thereon a new reservou\\nNEW RESERVOIR.\\nIn 1854 the work was resumed, and the construction of a new reseiToir commerced,\\nand about one-third of the work accomplished during the year. The reseiToir is to be", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "40\\nBKBTCIIES OF TUB CITY OF DETROIT.\\nconstructed in two basins by raising earth embankments to a height of thirty feet.\\nTlicpniliunkmonls -.ire to bo 103 feet through at the base, and 15 feet at the top, in the cen-\\ntre of wiiich a pinldied wall IG feet at the base, and 8 feet at the top. The slopi-s of the\\nembankment outside are to bo sodded and set with evergreens, and inside fii-st lined with\\nconcrete and then paved with brick. A (light of stone steps will be built on the inside slope\\nof either basin fi-oni the ten-ace to the bottom. The terrace on the top to bo gravelled, and\\na fence constructed on tho inner side around tho basins. Either basin will bo 200 feet\\nsquare at the top. 114 J feutat the bottom. Tho two basins covering ne.nrly 4 acres. Tho\\nt ip water line will be 50 tt. above tho intersection of Jefferson and Woodw.ird Avenues, and\\n7J feet above tho river. The total storage of tho two basins will bo 7,, )92,704 imperial\\ngallons. Tho tcrnico at the top will bo reached by a flight of stone stops at tho base,\\none or more fountains will constantly jet forth streams of water. When completed, it\\nwill afford a commanding view of the city and surrounding country, and a delightful pi-om-\\noiiado for ploiisuro.\\nThe water is to be forced up to tho reservoir by a powerful cornish stc;im ongino, through\\nan iron pipe, 24 inches interior diameter. Tho water will bo distributed through a 24 inch\\npipe, extending from the reservoir to the western line of the city, connecting with all tho\\np pes in streets running at right angles from the river A stand pipe is to bo erected at tho\\noigino house wharf, inside of a brick tower, 115 feet in heigh. Tho top of the tower will\\nbe reached by a flight of stairs inside, around the pipe. Tho top of the tower will be about\\nforty feet above the reservoir, and afford a fijio view of tho City, Lake St. Clair and sur-\\nrounding country.\\nWhen tho summit reservoir is completed, it is contemptlated to abandon tho use of tho\\none at the river.\\nIt is expected that the new works will bo entirely com|detcd within the next two years\\nand it is cstimateil that the Boanl now have tho necessary amount of money toaccomjjlish\\nit. They having recently neuoeiated a further loan of 1*250,000 tinder authority of an\\nact of the Legislature passed February 6. 1855.\\nDuring the year 1854 the present works distributed 314.392,655 gallons. Tho greatest\\nnumber of gallons distributed in any one month was .S3.4r)S,222, and the works now be-\\ning built are designed to bo capable of supplyiug 3,000,000 gallons in twelve hours, eijual\\nto 90,000,000 gallons per month.\\nlion, .lames A. Van Dyke, a zealous and efficient member of tho board, from its firet or-\\nganization, and who for many years previous wiis intimately connected with our city affairs,\\nas City ,\\\\ttorney. Alderman, Mayor of tlio city, and President of the Fire Department, and\\nthoroughly aciiuainted with all the concerns of tho community, and devoting much of his\\ntiiiio and talents, devising and forn;irdin j i)lans which li.-\\\\ve from time to time been adopted\\nfor advancing tho prosperity of tho city, w;is removed by death on tho 8th day of May\\n1855.\\nHon. .Alexauiler D. Fraser, on whoso report to tho Common Council while Recorder of\\nthe city, in 18^50, the city purch;iseil the water works, w.is appointed a Commissioner by tho\\nCommon Council to till tho vacancy occasioned by tho death of Mr. Van Dyke. Tho fol-\\nlowing gentlemen now compose tho Board of Commissioners: Edmund A. Brush, Shubaol\\nConant, Henry Lodyard, .Mexander D. Fniser and William II. Noyes, and the Ollicei S are\\nEdnnnid A. Brush, President, R. E. Roberts, Secretary, and Jacob Houghton, Jr., Super-\\nintendent and Kuirinecr.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\n41\\nThe following statement shotvs the increase of Assessments from year to year since the\\npurchase of the Works by the Ci .y, and is designed to show the groiclh of the City,\\nand increasing demand vpon the H orks rather than the Revenue.\\nThe assessments for the year 1838, 1839. and 1840, were\\nirregukir, one year running into the other. The asrnre-\\naate amount of reeiipts of those years was SiflLOSO 00\\nor an average of 3,676 66\\nAssessment of 1841, m lunted to ,5 446 00\\n1S42,\\n1843,\\n1844,\\n1845,\\n1846,\\n1S47,\\n1848,\\n1849,\\niS.oO,\\n1851,\\n1852,\\n185:^,\\n1S,5J,\\n1855.\\n3,086 00 increase of S 240 00\\n7,16.3 18 ],477 IS\\n8710 50 1..547 ,32\\n9,488 34 777 84\\n10.396 00 907 CO\\n9,832 18\u00e2\u0080\u0094 decrease of 563 82\\n10,7.S8 00\u00e2\u0080\u0094 increase of 905 82\\n12633 00 1,895 00\\n15 612 00 2,979 00\\n19,756 00 4.144 00\\n25,348 00 5.592 00\\n28,617 00 3.269 00\\n.31,840 00 3,223 00\\n36.184 00 4,344 00\\nIncrease of the numher of Assessments far the past ten years.\\nAsssssments in 1845. Assessments in 185.5.\\nFamilies, 915 5,282\\nTavmis 23 48\\nStores. Offices and Shops, 215 1,028\\nRailr a 1 Depots, 2 3\\nBrewings, 2 17\\nSt:iti( nars Steam Engines, 2 40\\nMills, Factories, fcc., 92 222\\nlotal, 1,251 6 640\\nCO.nPARATIVE PUKITV OF ^VATER.\\nThe follcwing ttible shows the solid matter in a gallon of water taken from lakes, rirers\\nand wells, i i djff. rent cities:\\nGrains\\nUiaiiis\\nLAKES AND RIVERS.\\nsolid\\nWELLS.\\nsol ill\\nmnttpi-\\nmatter\\nT\u00e2\u0080\u009e_ S Thames Eiver,\\nLoi-lon. J New River,\\n28,000\\n10.200\\nG.008\\nG,320\\n7,880\\n2,307\\n1,850\\n0,092\\n4,200\\n1,330\\n4,100\\n11,210\\ne,73fi\\n5,722\\nPari.s Artesian Well\\n0,800\\n125,000\\n58,000\\n10,240\\n30 000\\nAverage several!\\ni Lydius Street Well\\nAiv,=\u00e2\u0080\u009e\u00e2\u0080\u009e J State House Well,\\nAlbany, j;,;^.hanpe Well\\nTidv X Y. Mohawk Kiver\\nBrooklyn verago Long I. Ponds,\\nBoston Cochitnate Lake,\\n04,080\\n05,620\\n48,833\\n50,055\\nCapitol Park Well,\\nBridgejiort, Ct. Peqnomock River,\\nPhiladelphia\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sknvlkill River,\\nBrooklyn Average several Wells,\\nr Beacon Hill Well\\nHenilock Lake,\\nBoston, Tromont Street Well,\\n20,000\\n50,800\\n(Genesee River,\\nCincinnati Ohio River,\\nRochester, X. Y. Average several\\nDetroit Park Lot Well,\\n30,000\\n110,101\\nDetroit Detroit River,\\nOf the Detroit river water. Prof Douglass, in his report of the analysis, says That it\\ncontains less solid matter in the gallon than either tlio Croton or Cincinnati water, but\\nmore than tlie Fairmouth or Long Pond water. In estimating the value of your city\\nwater, as compai-ed with water of other cities, duo allowance must ho made for the fact\\nthat the total solid matter is materially increased by the presence of silicia, allumina, and\\niron, elements that can produce little or no injury, while the chlorides, much the most inju-", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "42 SKETCHES OF THE CITV OF DETROIT.\\nrious compounds, arc entirely absent. The presence of such large quanlitios of silica auJ\\niron, is accounted for by the fact that Lake Superior and Huron arc formed, fur the most\\npart, in a basin of ferreginous sandstone and i rneovis rock.\\nOf Poiroit well water, he says The large quantity of chloride of sodium, (common\\nsalt.) chloride of potasium and magnesium found in it, clearly indicate its surface origin.\\nThe two last salts are cathartic in their properties, and the hnbitual use of water, holding\\nthem in solution, in any considerable iu:intitics, must prove injurious to health.\\nBEAD OF WATER.\\nThe theoretic head of watev, in various localities, from tho present reservoir when it is\\nfull, is as follows\\nAt the corners of feet\\nAt the corners of feet\\nJetfcrsou Ave. and Third street, 63\\nWoodward Ave. and .\\\\twater street, 60\\nCitfs street. 48\\nWiiodbridLTC st\u00e2\u0080\u009e .t1\\nWavnc street, 41\\nJitlirson Ave., 40\\nShelby street, 38\\nLarned street, 42\\nWoodward Ave.. 40\\nCongress street, 4G\\nSt. Antoinc street, 39\\nFort street, 43\\nHastiiiits street, 37\\nState street, 40\\nRivard street, 34\\nClifford street, 4S\\nRussell street, 40\\nCircus street, 41\\nRiopelle street, 42\\nA lams Avenue, 3S\\nOrleans street, 45\\nH;gh street, 34\\nFort street and Eighth street, 47\\nSiblev street, 29\\nSixth street, 45\\nToll gate, 14\\nFifth street, 43\\nNorth city lino, 10\\nFourth street, 41\\nI^afayette street and Eighth street, 41\\nThird street, 30\\nSeventh street. 40\\nSecond street, 35\\nFourth street, 38\\nWavue street, 32\\nC;iss street, 35\\nShelby street, 33\\nMichigan Avenue and Seventh street 42\\nGrisHold street, 37\\nThird street, 45\\nRand( l])h stroi ts, 48\\nFirst street, 42\\nGratiot street and Randolph street, 39\\nShelby street, 40\\nBeaubien stnot, 40\\nGriswold street, 39\\nIhistings street, 37\\nHates street, 46\\nRivard street, 29\\nCongress street and Seventh streets. 61\\nRussell street, 25\\nSixth street, 62\\nOrleans street, 21\\nFourth street, .5\\nBrush and Macomb streets, 39\\nThird street, 51\\nGratiot street, 40\\nFirst street. 47\\nColumbia street, 34\\nWayne street, 45\\nHigh street, 29\\nGristtold stretit, 47\\nOrleans and Atwater street, 64\\nBates street, 43\\nWoodbridgo street, 64\\nBrush street, 45\\n.lefferson Avenue, 45\\nl*eaubien street, 1 1\\nI-urnod street, 44\\nSt. Antoine St., 45\\nCrot, han street, 41\\nHoistings Street, 40\\nMullett street, 36\\nliussoU street, 44\\nHi^ h street, 28\\nAt Grand Circus, 40\\n(iratiot street, 21\\nCentre Park, 38\\nScott street, 18\\nCapitol Park, 40\\nHale street, 17\\nW. st I ark, 44\\nSt. Joseph street, 15\\nEast Park, 43\\nNorth Park 4l\\nCraHf. rdrark, 41\\nCampus Martins, 43\\nElton Park, 34\\nComer Si.\\\\th and Grand River sts., 33.\\nGAS L,IUHT.\\nDetroit is well lighted with Gas, which is supplied by an incorporated Company, who\\nhave erected very extensive works on tho river, near tho eastern lino of tho City. Gaa", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 43\\npipes extend through most of tho pviucipal streets, at present, and the Company arc con-\\nstantly extending them into new districts. There are ah-eady over twelve hundred Street\\nLamps set, for the purpose of lighting the city at night and wo noto wonder how thty got\\nalong at night, in cities without gas.\\nPAVF.OTENT.S AND SETTERS.\\nAll the Streets and Avenues in the business ))ortion of tho city arc paved with stone,\\nmaking in the agregate about 13 miles of paved streets, and, tho work of paving is pro-\\ngi cssing, and will continue until every street is pavod.\\nA proper system of sewerage is of vital importance to the prosperity of any city. As a\\npreventive of sickness, as a matter of economy and comfort addresses itself to every cit-\\nizen. The subject engaged tho early attention of the authorities of tho city, and a large\\nstone and brick sewer was constructed along tho track of tho creek which foi merly run\\nthrough the low grounds between Jefferson Avenue and Fort street. Since which time\\na number of sewers have been constructed in various sections of tho city. The sewers\\nare constructed of brick, and are circular, from 3 to 5 feet diameter. They are con-\\nstructed by the city, and paid for out of a fund raised by general tax for that pmpose,\\nand premises drained into them, subjected to an annual Sower Tax.\\nP1.ANK ROA^S.\\nThere are seven Plank Eoads loading from the city into the country, the aggregate length\\nof which is about 300 miles they are\\nThe Detroit and Grosse Point, Detroit and Erin, Detroit and Birmingham, Detroit and\\nHowell, Detroit and Saline, Detroit and Monroe, Detroit and Plymouth.\\nTHK RIVER.\\nThe Detroit River is 25 miles in length, between lakes St. Clair and Eric, average width\\none mile, depth fathoms, current 2 miles an hour, and it is estimated that at this veloc-\\nity at a transverse section, opposite the city, whore it is contracted to about 53 chains it\\ndischarges 190,270,080 cubic feet per hour, or 3,171,168 cubic feet per minute.\\nThere arc seventeen islands in the river. The names of these are, Clay, C61eron/\\nHickory, Sugar, Bois Blanc, Elba, Fox, Rock, Stoney, Grosse, Turkey,\\nFighting, Mammy Judy, Grassy, Mud, Belle and Peach. The two latter are\\nsituated a few miles above, and within sight of the city, near the entrance to Lake 5t. Clair\\nThe largest of which is Belle Isle (formerly Hog Island). Peach Island was the home of\\nPontiac. Parkman in his History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac, says, Pontiae, the Satan\\nof this forest paradise, was accustome 1 to spend tho early part of the summer upon a smal\\nisland at tho opening of Lake St. Clair, hidden from view by the high woods that covered\\nthe intervening *Isle au Cochou.\\nITio king and lord of all this country, ^is Rogers calls him, lived in no royal st.ato.\\nHis cabin was a small, oven-shaped structure of bark and rushes. Here he dwelt with his\\nsquaws and children; and here, doubtless, he might often have been seen, carelessly recli-\\nning his naked form on a rush mat, or a boar skin, like an ordinary warrior.\\nThe other fiftoeu islands are situated within tho first twelve miles of the rivor, after enter-\\ning it from Like Erie, some of which are in viow of the city. The largest of which is Grosse\\nIsle, on which are a number of large and well cultivated farms. This island is a very popu-\\nlar retreat for citizens of Detroit during the boat of summer. On some of tho others there\\nare extensive stone quarries; and on many of those, as well as Belle Isle and Peach, are ex-\\ntensive fisheries, where large quantities of white fish are annually taken. Father Hennepin\\nwho was a passenger on the Griffin, the first vessel that crossed Lake Erie, in 1(579, in\\nhis description of the scenery along the route, says, the islands are the finest in the world;\\nthe strait is finer than Niagara; the banks are vast meadows and the prospect is terminated\\n*Now Belie Isle.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "44\\nSKETCHES OF THE CITr OF OETIIOIT.\\nwith some hills coTcrod with vineyards, trees bearing good fruit, groves and forests so well\\ndisposeil, that one would tliink that nature alone could not have mido, without the help of\\nart, so charming a prospect The streams emptyini; into the \u00c2\u00bb(rai(, arc, on the Canada side,\\nthe river aux Canards, and on the Anicrican shore, the IIuron,rivor, Monquagon crei k, river\\nEcorse, river Rouge, May s creek, below the city, aini Bloody Hun and Connor s crock above.\\nThe vilagcs on the Canada shore, are Amorstbur^Ii, near tlic entrance to Lake Erie. Sand-\\nwich, about three miles below Detroit, and Windsor directly opposite the city. On tlio\\nAmerican shore, Gibralter, opposite Aniherstburgh, Trenton opposite Grosse Isle, and Wyan-\\ndotte, about ten miles below the city.\\nFort Maiden is situated just above the village of Amoretburijli, in Canada an l Fort Wayne\\nis situated on the American shore, on the Sand Hill, about three miles below the city.\\nTHE CLI.tlATE.\\nThe climate of Detroit is temperate snow falls at from six to eighteen inches deep, and\\nnever remains more than a few weeks. The transition from the coUl of sjtring to the\\nheat of summer is rapid; from summer to winter gradual and prolonged. As general\\ncharacteristics, the spring is wet and prolonged summer dry autumn mild winter cold\\nand dry. The average temperature in the spring is 50 Faronheit summer 80 winter\\n20 autumn CO to C5.\\nELEVATIONS.\\nThe elevations of dfforcnt localities in the city, above the Detroit River is as follows:\\nSeventli 20\\nEiirhth 19\\nWoodward Avenue from tho\\nKiver to tho north lino of tho\\ncity.\\nAt Atwater street. fl\\nWoodbridge st 1.5\\nJolfei-son Ave., 26\\nLarned street, 25\\nCongress 20\\nFort 2.\\nState 26\\nfirand River St., 24\\nClittord street, 2^\\nGrand Ciiciisst. ?.5\\nAdams .\\\\vcnue, 28\\nElizalx^th street, 2.S\\nMontcalm 29\\nHii;h .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2?2\\nHenry 35\\nSihiev J7\\nToll Gate. .lO\\nNorth line city, 58\\nGratiot Road at Orle;\u00c2\u00bbns\\nSt.. 45\\nTho country back of tho city grailually rises until it roaches at nirminu hain, 18 milos\\nfrom the city, an elevation of 200 feet above tho Detroit River, and I oiitiac 2-5 miles\\nnorth of tho city, is 380 feet above the river, and tho Detroit and Milwaukee Rail Road\\npasses over an elevation of 400 feet between Detroit and Pontiac.\\nFIRI S-.FIRE DEPAKT.TIENT.\\nFew cities of its sizo have suffered by fire to the same extent as the city of Detroit\\nhas. In 1704 an atl !inpt w,is made by the Indians to destroy it by fire who partly suc-\\ncoeilod. In 1805 it was almost entirely consumed (but ono house escapcfl.) In IS.\\nnearly four squares in the business part of tho city were destroyed. In 1842 one of tho\\nbest business squares in tho city was entirely swept off, and in 1848 four squares were\\n.Jefferson Avoinie\\nfr\\nom the\\nShelby\\nt{\\n31\\nMichigan Central R.\\nR.\\nDepot\\nWavno\\nIt\\n31\\nto the east line of the\\nitv at\\nCiis s\\nit\\n31\\ntho intersection of\\ndifferent\\nFii-st\\nit\\n31\\nsts.\\nSecond\\nn\\n29\\nAt Third street,\\n4 ft.\\nThird\\ntl\\n30\\nSecond\\nr\\nFourth\\nl(\\n29\\nFirst\\n6\\nFifth\\n(1\\n29\\nCass\\n18\\nSixth\\nti\\n2S\\nWayne\\n25\\nSeventh\\nu\\n26\\nShelby\\n28\\nEi_dith\\nu\\n25\\nGriswold\\n28\\nFort sti-eet\\nfrom Woodward\\nWoodward Ave.\\n26\\nAvenue to tho west line\\nof the\\nRates street.\\n2fi\\ncity.\\nliaiidolph street,\\n20\\nAt Woodward Ave\\n23 ft\\nUrush street.\\n26\\nGriswold street,\\n29\\nReaubien street,\\n26\\nShelby\\nu\\n33\\nSt. Antoine\\n27\\nWayne\\n(1\\n34\\nHastings\\n29\\nCass\\nti\\n33\\nRivard\\n31\\nFirst\\nit\\n33\\nRussell\\n26\\nSecond\\n31\\nRinpelle\\n2.^\\nTbinl\\n27\\ndrleans\\n20\\nFourth\\ntt\\n2.5\\nLafayette Street.\\nFifth\\n4(\\n23\\nAt Griswold st-eet,\\n27\\nSixth\\nit\\n21", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 45\\nburnt over, in the centre of the city. Besides these several very severe and calamitious fires\\nmiuht be enumerated. The first Fire Engine Company was organized in 1815, and the en-\\ngine used by this Comjjany was talccn from Commodore Perry s Flag Shi|i previous to\\nthis a bag, bucket and battering ram comp y had been organized, and the inliabitants were\\nrequired under penalty to keep on their respective in emisos a certain ([uantity of water\\nin a wooden cask arranged with handles and provided with a polo so that two men could\\nsling it upon their shoulders and convey it to a fire. Each house was to bo provided with\\na ladder and a certain number of buckets.\\nThe first engine purchased by the city was purchased in 1825 by Hon. J. R. Williams,\\nthen Mayor of Detroit, to man which a coni]iany was organized and called Protection\\nEngine Company No. 1. In 1827 another Engine was procured and a Company organ-\\nizeil to man the same, which was called Eaglo Company No. 2. In 1840 the Fire Depar-\\ntment con^ised of Four Engine Companies Protection No. 1, Eagle No. 2, -Wolver-\\nine No. 3, LaFayette No. 4, one Hose Company, Hurlbut No. 1, and one Hook, Ladder\\nand Axe Company.\\nThe Legislature in 1840, gi-anted a charter to the Department the officers named in\\nthe act were Robert E. Roberts, President; Frederick Buhl, Vice President; Edmund R.\\nKearsley, Secretary Darius Lamson, Treasurer, and Elijah Goodell, Collector. The fire-\\nmen of the city having previously organized the Depi-rment and elected the foregoing per-\\nsons as officers.\\nSubseciuentlv thefoUowinggentlemcnhavebeen elected to and discharged the duties of\\nPresident: John Owen, Chauncy Hurlbut, David Smart, J. A. Van Dyke, Eben N. Wilcox,\\nand Jidin Patton.\\nShortly after the organization of the Department an effort was made to raise a fund\\nostensibly for the benefit of widows and orph.-ms of members of the Department. A small\\namount was at first realized, but this was carefully fostered and loaned on interest, which\\nwith the amount received from the annual balls, given by the Department, the annual\\ndonations from citizens, which were always liljcral, the fund in 1849, besides the amount\\npaiii for relief, amounted to something over $G,000. with which was purchased a lot; and\\nit was determined to erect thereon a Hall. Proposals were received, and it was ascer-\\ntained that to erect a suitable building would cost $15,000. The firemen at once deter-\\nmined to erect the building-, and authorized the President, Hon. James A. Van Dyke, to\\neffect a loan to the amount of f 8,000 secured on the property, which he accomplished,\\nand the building was put under contract, relying upon the liberality of their fellow citi-\\nzens to aid in completing it, and the promptness with which they came forward to their\\naid, when it was found that they had gone to the extent of their means, showed that no\\nfalse estimate was placed on their liberality. The ladies, too, always ready to lend their\\naid to every good work, came to their rescue, and got up a Fair to increase their fund,\\nfi-om which was realized a little short of $1,000 finding a snfiicient remuneration to\\nthem for the labor and expense bestowed to witness the completion of an edifice, from\\nwhich, in all after time, the firemen will derive an annual income, which will enable them\\nto contribute to the widows, and education of tlie orphans of their members.\\nThe Hall was completed in the fall of 1851, and opened to the public, when Mad lle Pa-\\nrodi gave her first conceit in this city in it, who said of it I think it one of the very best\\nthat I ever sang in, and the comforablo arrangement for the performers is an admirable\\nfeature in the building. It is alike the monument of the liberality and gratitude of our\\ncitizens, for which they are distinguished, and the prudence and good management of the\\nDepartment in fostering their means to enable them to erect it.\\nThe amount due on the building will soon be swept away, leaving a permanent and\\nperpetual income of about S2,000 per annum, to be used for benevolent purposes, which", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "46\\nSKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nresult is corUiinly gnitifying to tlio Drigiiiatore aud prujectors of the eiiterj riso, as well as\\nto all who luivo contributod either in lahor ornieans, to aceoniplish it\\nDavid Smart Esq., is deserving of tlij gnititudo and thanks of every member of the De-\\npartment, for his untiring efforts in raising the first funds which was the foundation of\\nthe nublo result. But to the Hon. Jaima A. Van Dyke were they i)ai-ticularly iiidobted\\nfor the early erection of the Hall, who (notwithstanding his own multiplied and pressing cn-\\ngagcmf nts,) devoted much of his time and energies during the three years he served as\\nPresident of the l C partuient, for the accomplishment of this object. On the completion\\nof the Flail, Mr. Van Dyke rctirfid from the Presidency, when the Depart nent tendered\\nhim its thanks for his untiring real and successful efforts in promoting its gond, and re-\\nsolved, as a token of their high esteem and affectionate regard to procure a full length\\nportrait of him to adorn those walls he had devoted so much time to raise. The )iortrait,\\npainted by the eminent artist, Ilicks, of New York, was procured and elegantly framed, at\\nan expense, in all, of near seven hundred dollars.\\nThe following gentlemen have, in turn, held the office of Chief Engineer of the Depart-\\nment\\nLevi Cook, Xoah Sutton. Henry V. Dishrow, Theodore Williams, Cliauncy Hurlbut,\\nJames Stewart, William Barclay, William Duncan, Lucretius H. Cobb and John Patton.\\nWilliam Duncan present incumbent.\\nThe Fire Department at present consists of 8 Engines, Protection No 1, Ea;;Io No.\\n2, Wolverine No. 3, LaFayetto No. 4. Washington No. 5, Neptune No. fi, Union\\nNo. 7, nJ Continontds No. 8, and one Hook, Ladder and Axe Company. Each of the\\nseveral Companies h.ive very substantial brick houses, two stories high, aon:e of whom\\nhave vei-y elegantly furn s ied meeting rooms. That of the Eaglos, it is believed is not\\noicellcd by any Ft.; Company in tho United States.\\nYOi;V\u00c2\u00ab .\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00c2\u00bbIE.\\\\S SOCIETV.\\nThe Detroit Yoiins Men s Society was organized in January 1S4. 5, when tlio late Dr. Doug-\\nlass Houghton delivered the firit lecture before the association. On lht3 JOih. of March\\n183C tho Society was incorporated by tho Legislature.\\nTho cxeiciscB of tho Society are conlinued only during tho fall and winter months, and\\nconsist of debates and lectures alternately one evening in every week.\\nIn 1850 tho Society purchased a very de.^lrable lot 48 feet front and 100 feet deep, on\\nJofferson Avenue, between Bates and Uunilolph streets, and erected a superb building there,\\non 48 by 9.1 feet On the first floor are two spacious stores, over which is their eletfai t\\nHall. The entrance to tho Hall is be ween tho two stores, over the entrance and liont part\\nof tho stores are appropriate committee and library rooms. The Society have a larire aud\\nwell 8ele :teil Library of about 3000 volumes.\\nTho following gentlemen have been elected to and discharged tho duties of President\\nof the Society, as follows\\nIn 1833, Franklin Sawyer. Jr.,\\nDoUL lass llougliton.\\nIn 1834, Jacob M. Howard,\\nCharles W. Peniiv,\\nIn 1835, G(^orgo C. Bates,\\nMarsli^Ul J. Bacon,\\nJames X. Armstrong,\\nIn 18 \u00e2\u0080\u00a2JO, John N. Talbot,\\nAlexander W. Buel,\\nGeorire E. Hand,\\nIn 1837, David E. Harbuufh,\\nIn 1X38, Friitiklin Sawyer. Jr.,\\nIn IKVJ, James A. Van Dyke,\\nIn 1H40, John U. Atterbury,\\nIn 1841, Samuel Barstow,\\nIn 1842, Jcdm S. .\\\\bbott.\\nIn 184.-!, Samuel T. D.iugUiss,\\nIn 1S4I, .Vsher S. Kollotig,\\nIn lSl:- Bola Hubbard,\\nIn 184 i. Witter J. Baxter,\\nIn 184 Thomas W. L ickwood,\\nIn 184.S. .lames V. Campbell,\\nIn 184;), Ed C. Walker,\\nIn lS.-,n. I). Bethume Dullield,\\nIn l.S.Sl. r. Tracy Howe,\\nIn lf 2, Ilalmor H. Knimons,\\nIn lH.i3, (ieorifoV. N. Lothrop,\\nIn 1854, Charles I. Walker,\\nIn 1855, Ixivi Bishop.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "sketches of the city of detroit. 47\\nMKCHANICj socijc tw\\nTho Mechanics Society of the City of Detroit, was founded in the year 1818, and in-\\ncorporated hy an act of tho GoTernor and Judges of the Territory of Michigan, in 1820,\\ntheir charter was renewed in 1839 by the State Legislature.\\nThe Society own a very elligibly situated lot, about ono hundred feet square on the cor-\\nner of (iriswold and LaFayctte streets, on which their Hall is situated. It is in contem-\\nplation to erect on this site a large and elegant Hall. They have a well selected Libra-\\nry of about 2009 volumes, and it is the very place where every young mechanic and ap-\\nprentice can store his mind with all that has been published upon the arts and sciences\\nCould an arrangement be made with this and the Young Men s Society whereby their Li-\\nbraries could bo united, they would together form a Library unequalled in tho west, and\\nsuch an arrangement no doubt would bo to the mutual advantage of both Societies.\\nLAKE NAVIfiATION.\\nL^p to 1C7!) tho lakes were only navigated by birch bark canoes. But in August of\\nth:it year, tho first vessel that ever crossed Lake Erie, an-ived at Detroit. This vessel was\\nsi.vty tons burden, and called tho Griffin it was constructed at Erie, then Fort Frontinac,\\nby Robert de LaSalle, her commander. Father Louis Hennepin, a missionary was among\\nthe passengers. The Griffin proceeded up tho Lake to Green Bay, from which place\\nshe sailed on the 18th, of September, on her return with a cargo of furs, and was lost on\\nLake Erie, with all on board. Other vessels were afterwards at an early day constructed\\nof a greater burden, and in 1793 tho British Government had a number of men-of-war\\non tho Lakes, of two hundred tons burden, each carrying eight guns.\\nSeptember 10th, 1813, tlie hostile fleets of England and tho United States on Lake Erie\\nmot at tho head of the Lake, and a vci y sovci-e battle ensued. The fleet bearing the rod\\ncross of England, consisted of sis vessels, carrying sixty-four guns, under command of\\nthe veteran Commodore Barclay, and the fleet bearing the broad stripes and bright stars\\nof the Ignited States, con.sisted of nine vessels, carrying fifty-four guns, under command of\\nthe young and inexperienced, but bravo Commodore I erry. Tho result of this conflict\\nwas made known to the world in the following lispatch, written at 4 P. M., of that day.\\nDear Gk.neral We have met tho enemy, and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one\\nsjhooner and one sloop. With esteem, c.,\\nGeneral William Jones. O. H Perry.\\nCaptain Chelsea Blake, that veteran sailor, so long and favorably known on these wa-\\nters as coMMODOiiE OF THE L.\\\\KFS, aud who for many years, sailed the splendid steamers\\nMichigan and Illinois, built by his early and steadfast friend. Oliver Newbury, Esq., of this\\ncity, commanded tho good schooner General Jackson in 1816, then owned by Messrs-\\nMack Conant, of this city. For so many years and so intimately through battlo\\nbreeze and storm had our citizens known Blake, from the time bo volunteered to sustain\\nhis country s flag under General Scott, at Luudy s Lano, until through every vicissitude\\nof a sailor s life, ho had won for himself tho distinguishing title which ho bore at his\\ndeath, that liis name must forover be associated with the lake, which became his favorite\\nelement. Of almost giant size, and commanding presence, no son of Neptune ever uni-\\nted in his composition a rarer combination of tho qualities which make a true seaman,\\na safe commander, a genuine hei O.\\nRough as the billows whoso impotent assualts on his vessel he ever laughed to scorn,\\nwith voice as hoarse as the tempest which he delighted to rule, this gallant son of the sea\\nhad withal a womnn s tenderness of heart to answer the appeals of distress. Sincere was\\nthe grief of mmy he had relieved, and universal the regret among all who had ever sailed\\nwith him, when he fell a victim to cholera, at Milwaukee, in tho year 1849.\\nScarcely less closely associated with the rise and progress of vessel and steam naTigation\\non tho lakes, is the name of our respected fellow citizen, Oliver Newbury, who has also on-", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "48 SKETCHES OF TUB CITV OF DETROIT.\\ntitled himself to, and received the rank of admiral op tub lakes. As ho Etill Rurrircs his\\nfiivoritu Oaptiiin. it may bo iinbecomiiii; to spoitk of Iiiin in the terms which his persistont\\nontorpiise througli tho lapse of so many lonj; years, justly deserves. From the eommenco-\\nment of his career in this city, to tlie present time, ho has heen more or less largely inter stcd\\nas owner of schooners, brigs, ships and steamers, always of the fii st class in their day, and\\nat one time ranked as the proprietor of the largest fleet on tho great chain of lakes. For\\nthe good ho has done by the employment of so many, and the promotion of the city s\\nname for spirit ;)nd enterprise ammig the proudest cities of the land, his memory will\\nalways be cherished with affection and pride.\\nTho General Jackson was subsc iuontly commanded by our venerated townsman, still\\nlivuig, Commodore Brevort, and was wrecked a few years after on Lake Huron. Ccmmo-\\ndoro Brevort also bore a gallant part in Perry s conflict, in testimony and gratful recogni-\\ntion of which his country voted him a gold medal.\\nIn ISlT the jiublished marine list chronicleil as thearrivals during the week ending July\\n24th, ten schooners and one sloop, tho latter having the ])assengers on board and clear-\\nances, one sloop, and six schooners. In lt )4, the arrival of vessels at this port, during\\nthe season, numbered 2,434, their aggregate tonnage was 1,048,494, and the clearances\\nnumbered 2,.i. )4, aggregate tonnage 1,244, 1 37.\\nTho number of vessels enrolled at tho Detroit Custom House, in September, I8.i. is as\\nfollows steam boats, 60, and steam propellers, 23 tonnageJS 1 28 ).;j0-95. Sail uessets\\nbarques 5. brigs 9, schooners 12. i, scow sehoonin-s 15, scows 17. sloops 44 total, 2i;!\\ntonnage, 3.5.653, SO-O. Total tonnage of steam and sail vessels, 69,878,80 95, making\\ntogether of steam boats and sail vessels enrolled in this district about three hundreil, tho\\nlargest of -which, the steamer Western World, is 2,00 i tons Inirden.\\nSTKAM K JATS ANDSfEAITI Bt\u00c2\u00bbAT KOI TES.\\nTho Steam Boat Walk-in-the-Water, Captain .ledecliah Rogers, was the first Steamer\\nthat navigated tho lakes, and her arrival at Detroit for the first time, was chronicled .May\\n20th, 1819.\\nTho following notice of a trip to JIackinaw, appeared nt that date in a New York City\\npaper.\\nThe swift Steamboat, Walk-in-the-Water, is intemled to make a voyage early in the sum-\\nmer from Buffalo on Lake I .rie, to Michilimakinack. on lake Huron, for tho conveyanee of\\ncompany. Tho trip has so near a resemblance to the famous Argonantic cxpeditifut in\\nthe heroic ages of Greece, th.it expectation is quite alive on tho subject. Many of our\\nmost clistinguished citizens are said to have already engaged their passage for this splen-\\ndiil adventure.\\nThe Walk-in-tho- Water w.-w advertised to make one trip weekly, from Black Rock to\\nDetroit, and back, touching at the prini-ipal towns on tho American shore.\\nTho Walk-in-tho-Water was wrecked near Buffalo, in the fall of 1821. Thom.-is Pal-\\nmer, Esq., and lady and Mre. Felix Ilinchman of this city, wore on hoard at tho time,\\nno lives were lost. The Stoam Boat Superior was huilt ilin ing tho following winter, un-\\nder the superiiitend.anec of Captain Rogers, and was lannched in tho month of .May, 1H22,\\nand m.ido tri-moiithly trips, from Buffalo to Detroit during the summer\\nThis was tho commencement of the era of stoam in navigation and now in L85, there\\nare times when there is not room at our two miles of wharves for tho number of steamere\\nthat throng them m.iny of which aro magnificent, and as perfect .specimens of steam\\ncraft as can be found in the world, ami tho broad stieam is frequently. for miles above and\\nbelow tho city, studded and whitened with tho sails of wholo fleets of brigs, schooners and\\nsloops.\\nSteam bo.its for the convcyanco of passengers now leave this city regularly, ns follows\\nFrom Detroit to Buffalo, Duily Three magnificent stoamei-s, consisting of the Wes-", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF TUB CITY OF DETROIT. 49\\ntern Wofld, 2,002 tons burden; Plymouth Rock, 1,991 tons burden; and Buckoyo\\nState, 1,274 tons burden, form a daily line, connecting at Detroit with the M. C. R. R.\\nThese boats make tho trip on the north shore, and go through without stopping running\\ntime l5 hours.\\nFrom Detroit to Port Huron, Daily. The splendid steamers Forester and Ruby,\\nform a daily line. Through by daylight.\\nFrom Detroit to Ports on Lake Superior. Four magnificent steamers, consisting of\\ntho Illinois, North Star, Planet, and Northerner, ply regularly to Ontonagom\\nand other ports on Lake Superior passing through tho Sault Ste. Mary Canal.\\nFrom Detroit to Cleveland. Daily. Steamers ^fay Queen and Ocean.\\nFrom Detroit to Sandusky Steixiiior Bay City daily.\\nFrom Detroit to Toledo, Daily Steamers Dart and Arrow.\\nFrom Detroit to Jlshlcy Steamers Albion and Pearl.\\nFrom Detroit to Port Sarnia, C. W. Steamer Canadian.\\nTho Steam Boats Transit, Mohawk, and Argo, (^forries) ply constantly between De-\\ntroit and Windsor.\\nThi-ee regular lines of propellers are established as follows:\\nFrom Detroit to Dunkirk, coimcct mg at Dunkirk with tho New York Erie Rail Road.\\nFrom Detroit to Buffalo, connecting at Buffalo with tho Now York Central Rail Road\\nand Erie Canal.\\nFrom Detroit to Ogdensburgh and Cape Vincent, Lake Ontario, passing through the\\nWelland Canal, connecting with the Ogdensburgh and Vermont Central Rail Road, be-\\ntween Ogdensburgh and Boston, and Capo Vincent Rail Road, between New York and Capo\\nVincent.\\nBesides these a large number of propellers are engaged in carrying freight to various\\nports on the Lakes, above and below, and thousands of brigs and schooners arrive and clear\\nduring a season.\\nRAIL, ROAD^.\\nThe first railw.ays, formed on the plan of making a distinct surface and track for tho\\nwheels seems to have been constructed near Newcastle upon the river Tyne in England.\\nIn Roger North s Life of Lord Keeper North, he says, that at this place (in 1676) the coals\\nwere conveyed from the mines to the banks of the river, by laying rails of timber exactly\\nstrait and parallel and bulky carts were made with four rollers fitting those rails, whereby\\ntho carriage was made so easy that one horse would draw four or five chaldrons of coal.\\nIn 1776, Mr. Carr constructed an iron railroad at the Sheffield colliery. The rails were\\nsupported by wooden sleepers, to which they were nailed. Railways were afterward used\\nin a number of other collieries, and in 1825 the first railway was successfully adopted on\\na public thoroughfare for the tranportation of merchandise and passengers on the Stock-\\nton and Darlington railroad in England, 25 miles in Iciigvh. From that time a new era\\ncommenced in the history of railroad transportation and railroads now extend like a net-\\nwork over the greater part of England. Tho first locomotive engine used as tho motive pow-\\ner on railroads was used on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830. In 1827 the\\nfirst railroad in the United States was constructed from Quincy near Boston to Neponset\\nriver, a distance of three miles. It was constructed solely for tho transportation of\\ngranite from the quarries. In 1828 the Mauch Chunck Railroad, nine miles in length, was\\nfinished: this was constructed solely for the transportation of coal. In 1820 tho Legisla-\\nture of the State of New York chartered tho Hudson and Mohawk Railroad Company,\\nwhich was the first railroad company chartered in the United States. On the 12th day of\\nAunust, 1830, the first ground was broken at Schenectaday for a double track road to Al-\\nbany, and the road was in operation the foUowuig spring. The cars used were coach bod\\n4", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "50 SKETCHES OF TBB CITY OF DETROIT.\\nies, of the ordinary form. The motive power first uscJ was liorse, and on stet ii inclinations\\nstationary Btoam power. A locomotive engine called John Bull, procured from Knjjland,\\nwas placed on it during that year. Tlie Xowcastlo and Frcnchtowii Kailroad was con-\\nstructed in 1829. This road extended from Newcastle on the Delaware, to the KIk riven\\nnear Frciichtown, ICJ miles, and was the first railroad constructed in the United .States\\nfor the conveyance of passengers. Tlie first engine on a railroad weighed hut six tons,\\nw liilo at the present day engines of forty tons weight (including tenders) have heon intro-\\nduced on some roads.\\nIn 1830 there were but 41 miles of railroad in operation in the f iiited St;ites; in 1S40\u00c2\u00bb\\n2,107 miles; in 1^50, S,G.i5 miles; and in 1854, there were 430 lailroads in operation\\nhaving an aggregate length of 20,G19 miles 4.000 miles of which are double track roads.\\nAnd it is estimated that there are about 13,000 miles more of railroads now in various stji-\\nges of construction.\\nThe project of a railroad across the Peninsula of Michigan, was agitated as early as 1830,\\nit which time the Legislature of the then Territory of Michigan adopted .1 memorial to\\nthe general government in favor of the establishment of a caual or railroad route from\\nDetroit to the mouth of St. Joseph River on Lake Michigan.\\nIn 1832 the Legislature incorporated the Detroit and St. Joseph Railroad Company.\\nIn 1834 Leiut. J. M. Berrien, under authority of the War Department, surveyed the route\\nof the road and submitted his report to a convention of the friends of the measure, held in\\nDetroit in December of that year. Tlio Directors and odiccrs of the Company were as\\nfollows: M;ij. John Biddlo, President; Charles C. Trowbridge, Oliver Xewberry, Shubaol\\nConant, E. A. Brush, Henry Whiting, J. Burdick. H. IL Comstock, Mark Xorris and C.N.\\nOmsby, ZJiVec/ors; John JL Berrien, C /ii^/ \u00c2\u00a3ng-iHter; A.J. Center, .hsUtnnt Engineer;\\nand A. H. Adams Secretary and Treasurer. The construction of the road was com-\\nmenced by this company in 183G. Who surveyed the road from Detroit to Jackson and lo-\\ncated it to Dexter. Tliis company graded about ten miles of the road in detached parts be-\\ntween Detroit and Ypsylaiiti. They expended for grading, iron. cars, bridges c., the sum\\nof #139,702 79. Soon after Michigan was admitted into the Union, the Legislature adopted\\na grandsehemoof internal improvements anil eflectod a loan of five millions of dollars, for\\nthe purpose of constructing public works railroadsand can.ds. This had the effect to check\\nindividual enterprise, and the Detroit and St Joseph Railroad Company transferred their\\ninterests to the State ip t e year 1S37. The State completed and o|)ened t. oroad to\\nYpsilanti in 1H3S, to .\\\\nn Arbor in 1S39, to Jackson in 1S42, and to K.ilamazoo in 1843.\\nTho State constructed the road with the wood and flat bar superstructure as far as Kala-\\nmazoo, 143 miles from Detroit. When in 184G it was purchased from tho State by cap-\\nitalits, from Now York and New Enaland, for the sum of two million of dollars, and a char\\ntor was ijranted them l)y the Fiegislaturo incorporating thom a company under the stylo\\nof the Michigan Central Railroad Company.\\niniCIIIRAN CENTRAL, UAILItOAU.\\nTho design of tho State was to make a road across the Peninsula only from Detroit to\\nLako Michigan. But it was at once apparent to the new ownoi-s that, with tho great and\\ngrowing west beyond, tho ultimnto interest of tho stockholders though [)erhaps tempo-\\nrarily suffering would bo ]iroinoted by tlio construction of a more permanent work, of\\nlargo capacity, .ind its extcnsieui through tho State of Indiana to Chicago, in Illinois. Tho\\ncharter of tho company gave them ample power to extend their road through this State,\\nand tho company soon made arrangements with tho New Albany and Salem Railroad Com-\\npany to nso their right to buiUl a road from Michigan City to the State line of Illinois, and\\nwith the Illinois Central Railroad Company, whereby they were enabled to reach ChicagOi\\nwhich they accomplished in 18. 2. At Chicago the road connects with nearly 1500 miloa\\nof Railway and their extensive Steamboat connections.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "SK^rrcHES OP the city of Detroit. 51\\nThe Micliijiiii Centnil Ro;id also now connects with the Jolictand Northern Indiana road\\nat Lake Station, 35 miles east of Chicago, by which arrangement passengers from St. l.nuis,\\ncan he set down in JVew York in aboulforty-cight hours, and freight can he transported be-\\ntween Detroit and the Mississippi River without breaking hulk on the route. At Detroit, tho\\nMichigan Central road connects with the Great Western Railway from Detroit to Niagara\\nthrongh Canada West, and with their own line of magnificent Steamers on Lake Ei-io,\\nwhich pass down the north shore of tho Lake going throngh withont stopping in 15 hours.\\nTlioy run four passengei- trains through from Detroit to Chicago, daily, and one accom-\\nmodation train from Detroit to Kalamazoo, 143 miles daily.\\nThe ag gregato number of passengers conveyed on the road during tho year ending May\\n31st, 1853, was 503,774, (being 145,838 more than the year previous,) making a daily avorago\\nof nearly 1700. Tho aggregate number of tons of freight moYed on tho road during tho\\nsame time was 241,8 25, being an increase over the year previous of 25,265 tons. Tho earn-\\nings of the road tor tho samo time amounted to tho sum of !f2. 215,283, being 635,871 more\\nthan the year previous and tho expenses of the road were for samo time $2,33.5.627 and\\n\u00c2\u00a7431, 083 more than the year previons. The net earnings of the road for samo time\\namounted to the sum of .\u00c2\u00a5879,6. J6, being $204,160 more than the previous year.\\nTIto annual business of tho road h?.s iucreascd in the last six years as follows in the\\nnumber of passengers conveyed, from 152,672 to 503,604 in the number of tons of freight\\nmoved, from 81,060 to 241,826 tons; in gross earnings, from $091,972 to $2,213,283; and\\nin net earnings, from $390,323 to $879,635. The operating expenses from $301, 049 to\\n$1,33. ,G27.\\nThe ass(!ts of the company are as follows\\nOost of road including depots, $10, C0,U7 03\\nStock in Steamljoats, 343,880 04\\nStock and Bonds in other Roadfi, 1,399,7()3 99\\nTotal, $12,043,791 06\\nThere are 04 Locomotive Engines on tho road, 11 of which were constructed in tho\\nCompany s shops in this city, and 4 by tho Detroit Locomotive Works, and tho others at\\neastern manufactories. There are on the road 57 first and 12 second class piss cngcrcars\\n630, 8 wheeled box freight cars; 150, 8 wheeled open cars; 11, 4 wheeled box c; r-.\\nTotal Passenger Cars C9.\\nTotal Freight Cars 1631.\\nAnd 20 gravel dumpei-s. 70 hand cars, and 00 repair and wood cars.\\nAll the cars of every kind in use on tins road were built by the company in their own\\nshops and the company employ about 12(X) men in operating the road and car and engine\\nbuilding.\\nThe population of that srclion of the State tributary to this road is 216,852; the number\\nof acres of improved land 844,309 and the products of the district in 1854 was as follows\\n3,137,875 Irashels of wheat. 3,450,943 birshcls of corn, 943,330 bushels of graiu, 1,078.244\\nbushels of potatoes, 86,760,88!) feet of lumber there are 298 saw mills and 93 flour mills in\\nthe section. The Depot grounds of this company, in Detroit, embrace an area of twenty-\\ntwo acres of land, all enclosed. They have twsiity-six hundred feet of dock front on the river.\\nAlong this is their freight depot building, constructed of brick, two stories high, one hundred\\nfeet wide and eight hundred feet long. This building can store one hundred thousand barrels\\nof flour. Adjoining thi^^, and fronting on Third street, is their Passenger Depot, three hundred\\nand twenty feet long and seventy feet wide in one end of which are their ticket office, ladies room\\nbaggage room, c., on the first floor, and in the second story are the Superintendents and Treas-\\nurers offioos, Engineers Rooms, Local Superintendant and Cashier offices, and also the general\\nticket office and duplicate bill department. Below the freight depot there are also two large\\ntwo story warehouses, capable of storing twenty six thousand barrels, and a wheat evelator,", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "62 SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nconstructed of brick, one hundred and tnenly feet long sixty feci wide and scventy-Cve feet\\nhigh. Besides these there are witliin the enclosure an engine-hoiige one hundred and thirty five\\nfeet diameter, surmounted with a dome eighty-fivo feet high, with sixteen apartments for en-\\ng-jne.s, two machine and blacksmith shopis, one of which is one hundred and sixty feet Ions, sixty\\nfeet wide and two stories hiirh, in which arc twenty tlirce forges, the other is one hurxhed an(J\\neighty feet long and fifty-live feet wide, having 31 fires, and both furnished witli blast from\\na fan run by a statiouaiT engine. In the second story are a large uuuibor of lathes, planing-\\nmachines, Src., for working iron.\\nAdjoining is a large shop for building and impairing cai-s, one huncfred and sixty-nine feet\\nlong, lifty-fivc feet wide, and two stories high. All the machinery of this shop and the ma-\\nchine shops is driven by a large stationary engine, placed in a building l etween the two.\\nThere is a so between the two a large smoke stack, thirteen feet s i\u00c2\u00abaie and one hundred\\nand fifty feet high, by means of which all the smoke of the shops is carried off by under-\\nground (lues. There are also lumber, store and other buildings.\\nThis road is second to none in the west in permanency and solidity, or in its conduct and\\nmanagement. It is the pride of our state and city, and has at^Jed much to the permanent!\\nbusiness of both\\nThe officers of the company are as follows\\nPresident J. W. Forbf\u00e2\u0080\u009es, Boston.\\nVice President J. W. Brooks, Detroit.\\nPhectors\u00e2\u0080\u0094 J. M. Forbes, R. B. Forbe^ J. E. Thayer, Geo. B. Upton, Boston; D. P. Wil-\\nliamson, John C. Green, New Y ork Er;istus Corning, Albany; J. \\\\V. Brook.s, lOloii Farns-\\nworth, Detroit.\\nTreasurer Isaac Liverniore.\\nSuperintendent Reuben X. Rico. Detroit.\\nLocal Treasuier U Tracy Howe.\\nIj)Cal Su])Orintendent Cliaiks M. lliird.\\nCashier Geo. W. Gilbert.\\nFreight Agent John Ilnsmcr.\\nAuditor K. Wilhud Smith.\\nSu|)t. Motive Power S. T. Newhall.\\nSnpt. Car Work\u00e2\u0080\u0094 S. C. Case.\\nDETKOIT AND imiLWArKEE nAILWAY.\\nThe Detroit and Milwaukie Railway Company was incorporated by the legislature of\\nMichigan, in February, 85.5, with authority to consolidate the Detroit and Pontiac (incorpo-\\nrated in 1834) and the Oakland and Ottowa (incorporated in 18. )l)) RailRoad companies, and\\nthe consolidation was consummated on the 2lst day of April, A. D. 18 l;y which act the\\nproperty, rights and franchises of the Detroit and Pontiac and Oakland and Ottowa\\ncompanies were vested in the Detroit and Milwaukee Railway Company, aud placed under\\nthe direction of a Board com|)osed of the following gentlemen.\\nlIi:xRY N. Wai.kf.r, President; Henry Ledyard, Vice President; II. P. r.aldwin, B.\\nWright, K. A. Brush, E. B. Ward, Detroit; W. M. McCounell, Pouliac; H. P. Yale,\\nGrand Rapids, Directors.\\nC. 0. Trowbridge, Secretary and Treasurer.\\nR. Higham, Chief Engineer.\\nNames that are a sufficient guarantee to the public to insjrc the success of any enterprise\\nthey undertake.\\nThe Detroit and Milwaukee Railw.iy is to extend from the city of Detroit to Grand Ha-\\nven, Lake Michigan, 185 miles, pa.^sing through the northern tier of conntics of the lower\\npeninsula. They are the richest portions of the state, abounding in lumber, plaster, wa-\\nter-lime, coal, siilt springs and other valuable elements of wealth. They are also some of\\nthe very best farm lands in tho (itate, and yet the lea.st developed, for want of a railway or\\nother availalje communication commensurate with their business re(|uin ment8. This road,\\nwhich is now partially coniplcled, and its construction along the entire length rapidly pro.se-\\ncnted, will soon supply their great defmency andpour their products aud that of the valleys", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 53\\nof the Shiawassee, the Maple and Graad River iuto the city of Detroit, which is tlieir uatura\\ndepot and market, at once giving the road a local traffic equal to that of the most favored\\nroad in the western states.\\nTlie p )pulation of that section of the state tributary to this road in 1854 was 24l,lG-t.\\nTlie number of iicres of improved land was 820,004, and the products of the district were as\\nfollows-. 2,329,3t;9 bushels ef wheat, 2,081,095 bushels of corn, 872,881 bushels of grain, 1,-\\n140,418 bushels of potatoes, and 350,000,000 feet of lumber. There were at that time 99\\nflour mills and So2 saw mills in the district.\\nAt Corunna, ie Shiawassee county, the road crosses the Bituminous coal beds, which have\\nnew been teste*! for four years and found to be of the best quality, and which will be ex-\\ntensively opeiiod when the means of tracsporting the coal to a market is afforded, which the\\ncoustruciion of this road will do.\\nAt Grand Eapids the line passes the gypsnra beds, which are -extensively worked now,\\nand will form a large item of freight on this road, to supply the wheat growing counties con-\\ntiguous to it.\\nThis road when finished, will be a complete work in itself, extending across the entire State\\nfrom tlie straits which connect Lakes Erie and St. Clair, at the city of Detroit, the commer-\\ncial capital of the State, to Lake Michigan, and might rely solely upon the resources of the\\ncontigtious territory along the line for support, but its position as part of the gyeat Northern\\ntrunk line, from Boston, Xew York and Montreal, to the Mississippi River and finally from\\nthcHce to the Faeilic Ocean, gives it in a measure a national character, and secures a large\\namount of through traffic between the country west of Lake Michigan and the east. The dis.\\ntance by this road, between New York and Milwaukee, is 106 miles shorter than by any oth.\\ner route.\\nAt Detroit the road forms a connection with the Great Western Railway from Detroit to\\nNiagara Falls tlirough Canada West, and from thence by sevei-al different routes to the\\ncities on the sea-board, both in the States and Canada.\\nAt Grand Haven on Lake Michigan a connection is formed by steam ferries across the Lal^^\\nto Milwaukee, connecting with the five differeat railroads terminating in that city, extending\\nwest to the Mississippi River, to-wit: The Milwaukee and Mississippi. to Prairie du Chien.\\nthe Milwaukee and La Cross, the Racine, Kenosha and Bcloit, the Manitowoc and St.\\nPaul s, and the Milwaukee and Dubuque, or Galena Railroad, and also with roads running\\nnorth to Lake Superior. The road from Detroit passes through the villages of Royal Oak,\\nBirmingham, Poiitiac, Waterford, Rose and Holly, in Oakhnd county; Fentonville, Linden\\nand Gaioes, iu Genesee county; Owasso and Corunna, in Shiawassee county; St. Johns, in\\nClinton county; Lyons, Ionia and Plat Riv-er, in Ionia county; Grand Rapids, in Kent county\\nto Grand Haveu in Ottocra county.\\nAt the last session of Congress a bill was inti-oduced to donate public hinds for the pur-\\npose of construetiKg a railroad running north connecting with this road at Fentonville, to Sag.\\ninaw aixl the Straits of Mackinaw, thence to the Saut St. Mary s and from thence through the\\nmineral regions of Lake Superior to Montreal River. And another to Marquette River in the\\ncounty of Mason on Lake Michigan, connecting by steamboats across Lake Michigan to\\nManitowoc, Marquette, Eagle Hai bor, and Ontonagon, on Lake Superior. The growing\\nimportance of tli\u00c2\u00ab mining interests on Lake Superior, render a road desirable atid its construc-\\ntion will be reipiired at no distant day, which will furnish to the Detroit and Milwaukee\\nroad an amount of business not easily appreciated. The Detroit and Milwaukee company\\nreceived from the Detroit and Pontiac company, twenty-five miles of road from Detroit to\\nPontiae, which had recently been re constructed in the best manner, and which was stocked\\nwith five locomotives, four passenger cars, and forty-eight freight cars. The road is completed to\\nFentonville, 51 niilos from Detroit, and it will, daring the present month, be opened to Cor-", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nniuiia, )U miles beyoiul i outiac, when 75 iiiilod of the road from Detroit will be iu operation.\\nTweiily-?ix hundred tons of iron have recently been received by the company, and tho gra-\\nding and superstructure of the road is rapidly progressing, and the road bed will be ready for\\nthe rails as far as Lyon?, 123 miles from Detroit, by tho first of December next. The es-\\ntimated cost of the road from Detroit to Lake Michigan is ifC,192,05O.\\nThe Depot grounds of the company in the city of Detroit arc located in the centre of the\\ncity on the river, ivnd cover an area of about twelve acres. They have sixteen humlred and\\nfifty feet of dock front on the river. On these grouinls there are two large store housps, freight\\nihcih, an engine house for six locomotives, machine shop, smith sho]), wood sheds, water\\ntank, itc.\\nThe construction of this road will bring to the city of Detroit an amount of business not\\neasily aj)preciated and its completion is paramount to every other of the many projected im-\\nprovements, for the interests and prosperity of the city.\\nTHE grx:at western railway.\\nTl\\\\is popular road, which was opened in January 18.i4, extends from Windsor, opposite De-\\ntroit, throu;ili the cities of Chatham, London and IIaniilton,to Niagara Falls. 229 miles, cross-\\ning the Niagara Kiver on the great Railway Suspension Bridge, acknowledged by all to be one\\nif the wonders of the world, and connecting with the New York Central and New York\\nand Erie Uailivays, for New York, Boston and all intermediate placs. It also connects at\\nHamilton, with railway and steamers to all ports on Lake Ontario and the River St. La\u00c2\u00bb~\\nrence, and with the Great Western International Line of Steamers for Oswego, wjich form\\none of the quickest, and ccrtaiidy the most pleasant route now open to the East these\\nBtoamers being fitted up with every regard to comfort and convenience, and being unsurpass-\\ned by any steamers upon the inland waters of America.\\nThe construction of tho Groat Western Railway, has secured for tlie city of Detroit what\\nwas much needed, and which our citizens have long suffered for tho want of, namely, a speedy\\nand reliable route to the east, uninterrupted at all sesisons of the year.\\nJ he Great Western Railway is acknowledged to be one of the best constructed, and most\\nefficiently managed roads on the continent of America, and has already a very large busi-\\nness, both in through and local traffic, both of wliich are rapidly increasing.\\nThe rcceijjts for the half year ending 31st\\nJuly 1855, being, :e239,193\\nAnd for the same period in 1854, 1.50,105\\nShowing an increase in one year of \u00c2\u00a399,088\\nor upwards of 66 per cent, on the gross traffic of the line.\\nThere are at present C2 locomotives on the road, and 11 more are to be placed on it this\\nfall, making in all 76. There are likewise on the road 4.5 first class passenger cars, 29 emi-\\ngrant cars, 12 baggage, mail a ul express cars, 416 eight wheel and KX) four wheel box\\nfreight caiw, 122 i)latform, .50 cattle and 403 gravel cars; iu all llb9, at present on the road,\\nwhich, with 519 now constructing, will make a total of 1708.\\nThe company have lately issued j; 1,000,000 of uew stock, tlie whclo of tvhicb has been\\ntaken up by the original sharcholilei-s, and they intend at once laying another track between\\nHamilton and London, to enable tliem to accommodate their vast and increasing kisiuesa,\\nTho followinsr are the Directors of the company:\\nRout. W. IIakiii.s, Presi.iirit.\\n.lohti S. Radclini Esq Vice RresidiMit.\\nI. Brydces, Esq Managing Director.\\nHenry McKinstry, Esq.,\\nV/illiam Dickson, Esq.,\\nI. B. Smith, Esq.,\\nAlex. Beatlie, Esq.,\\nRobert i; ill, Esq.,\\nLieut. Col. (iourlay, Esq., I ctcr Buchanan, Esq.,\\nE.\\\\-Officio DinF-CTons. C. Magill, Esq., Mayor of Hamilton D. MuthicsoD, Esq., War-\\nden of Oxford; H. Clench, E.s(|., urdcn of Middlesex.\\nGeneral Ollice of the Company, Hamilton, Canada West", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITr OF DETROIT.\\n55\\nXJUB DlCXRUir, lHOvRt AND TOl.EIJO RAILiHOAD.\\nThe Detroit, Monroe and To .ecio Railroad, which has existed for many years past only in old\\ncharters, projected routes and public assurances, is likely to be constructed without further\\ndelay. A company was recently organized under the General Railroad Law of Michigan, and\\nthe project placed in the hands of a Board of Directors composed of gentlemen of a character\\nthat will insure its speedy construction. The Directors have effected such arrangements that\\nwill insure the completion of the road within the next twelve months. This road will pass\\nthrough the villages of Trenton and AVyandot, and Monroe city, to Toledo, connecting us\\nwith the southern tier of counties of this State, from which we have hitherto been excluded,\\nand with the Ohio roads, leading to Cincinnati, and the South Siiore Rail road to Dunkirk\\nand Buffalo; also, with the Jlichigan Southern road to Chicago.\\nThe foregoing include all the roads that exist or have a name to do so, but we need oth-\\ners leading to the northern portions of our State. One to Port Huron; one to Saginaw thence\\nto Mackinaw; also one from Detroit to Adrain, thence to the State line to connect with th^\\nLogausport and Northern Indiana Railroad, which is already extended to within fifteen miles\\nof our State line, passing througit the Wabash and Kol Rivor valleys and connecting with\\nthe Mississippi and Atlantic Railroal, forming a direct route to St. Louis, 80 miles less dis,\\ntance from New York than by any other. Let the doors be thrown open wide, and let the\\ncitizens of Detroit extend every aid within their power for the construction of roads termi-\\nnating in the city, wherever they may extend.\\nDISJ ANCES FRO.II BETKOET.\\nVia Micuiqaj) Ci;n teal Railroad.\\nMUKS\\nTo Denrl)0-n H\\nW.i.ne IT\\nYp iilanti 29\\nGvddfs 3\\nAnn Arbor .^7\\nDellii\\nScio a\\nD^xle -t\\nChe sea\\nG ass Lllie..\\nJ.icli. oa\\nPjrm*\\nA hinn\\nMsrshall\\nBa tie Creek...\\n86\\n..lo;\\n..1.0\\nt MILES.\\nITo G:lIfRllu-g 13+\\nI Kil\u00c2\u00bbni!izio 143\\nPaw I aw 159\\nDecatur H\\nI owagiac K-*\\nNiles 190\\nB chaan 197\\nTerrs Cnup e .201\\nNew BuflUlj m\\nI rortor 2.19\\nLak- i49\\nJunction S(i9\\nCliirago -.84\\nJoliet 294\\nVia Detroit and Milwaukeb Railway.\\nToTtojalOak 12\\nBtrmingham Ifi\\nPontian 26\\nWa erford 31\\nR.se 4i\\nHoliy J. 46\\nFeiitonvUIe 51\\nLindei 56\\nGaines 6U\\nTo Cnrunni\\nI w:isr.o._\\nBt Johns\\nL}On^\\nIonia\\nFlat River\\nG ao l Ripi.Js\\n78\\n116\\n.115\\nIL 2\\n5 37\\n.105\\nGrand llaveu 1^4\\nVia Great Westerx Railway, C. W.\\nTo Belle River 16\\nBaptist Cieek 30\\nChatham 45\\nTha esville 60\\nH g.Mt \u00c2\u00bbRoid 73\\nEcktord Si\\nLoho ino\\n1.0 don 11(1\\nHiiftmau. IvO\\nIn, rsoU I; 9\\nWood tock 13^\\nB euliiem 147\\nVu TLAMtROAD.\\nTu Teuton laliroMonroa 41\\nGibrJter 2oll Toledo 65\\nToParii 158\\nFa-rcliild sCnek 167\\nl ua.;as 181\\nHamilt-m 186\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-t n-v Ceek l!-3\\nGrinsby 203\\nH-am vil e 20S\\nSt. Catherine s 210\\nTnor.ill .221\\nNi.gara F.rlls S3;J\\nBu !a:o 252\\nVia Detroit, t.owELL and Lansi.ng 1 lakkhoad\\nToRedford 12\\nF,i miiigton 19\\nKo -i 2.n\\nllickville 30\\nNew Hudson 3!\\nKenMn. ton 34\\nBr ghton 4n\\nHowell ._ S(l\\nFowler s 59\\nLe Hoj- 68\\nTi w illi-amstown 70\\nOicenias 77\\nLansing m\\nKa:jle 91\\nlortl- iid iriS\\nLyons 113\\nlouia it7\\nSaranacfperS B).. 133\\nAda 141\\nGrand Rapids l.M\\nVia Detroit and Saline Flankroad.\\nToDufb ru lOllToC.inlon 52\\nVVa.vne 17 I Tucumseh .57\\nYpsi:i.nti 2 Aunan 61\\nSaline 4l||\\nVia Drn-Rorr. Mt Clemens ant? -^lmont Plankroad-\\nTo Utica I3jilo Borneo 40\\nMt. Cemn; 2 Imont 40\\n.Armada 3711\\nVia Lake.\\nTo Ashley 30\\nAljjonac __ 4\\nKewpurt 48\\n.St. Clair 50\\nPort Huron 68\\nLc xingtou !S\\nVia Lake.\\no Vonroe 40\\nTote o (.(I\\nSanduiky 75\\nVia\\nT) Sandusky City 75\\nHuron J5\\nBlack River 105\\n1 velaod 142\\nGrai-d K.ver 1721\\nTo Oodprich, C W UR\\nMH k naw 315\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2au t St. Maries :\u00c2\u00ab5\\nO.ilonagoo 645\\nuperio- City 7-iO\\nGrteu Bay 495\\nClevoland 110\\nn.li.kirk 230\\nB.ffalo 265\\ntkambOats.\\nTo /ishlabula 213\\nConneaut 228\\nErie 232\\nDu.kiik... 2S6\\nBulTalo 338\\nTo rincinnali... _.307||To Cai o\\nPi taburs: siSSil Galera\\nKIsand b? Chicago 466 I St. P.iul\\n649\\n...4.55\\n-11\\nSt. Louis 552 Milw.iukte 369", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "SQ SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nCO.XCLlStOM.\\nThe city of Detroit is the commercial and mannfacturing metropolis of the state of Michi-\\ngan, which is surrounded by a greater extent of navigable waters than any other state in the\\nUnion, its territory being washed by the waters of Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron, Superior and\\nMichigan and its agricultural resources are great, its pineries are most extensive, its fisheries\\nare superior, its upper Peninsula abounds in niiucral wealth. The copper and iron found there\\nis superior in quality and the quantity inexhaustible. Its coal and gypsum, beds and marble\\nquarries are inferior to none, and its salt springs aro excelled only in strength by those of\\nNew York all of which are now being appreciated by our citizens, who are putting fjrth\\ntheir efforts to fully develope them, satitficd that every element of wealth is within their reach\\nand that the City of the Straits will maintain a proud and preeminent position among her\\nsister cities of the Lakes and the Union.\\nThree railroads now terminate here, and the fourth will be added within the next twelve\\nmonths, connecting us with the southern tier of counties of our state, from which we have\\nhitherto been excluded, and with the Ohio roads leading to Cincinnati and beyond, and the\\nLogansport and St. Louis railroad must inevitably extend itself to this city.\\nThe city contains at jiresent numerous extensive manufactories a population of .10,000, a\\nvast number of prosperous mechaiiicf, mostly owning their own shoi)s and houses. We have\\nan improved city, a magnificent river, never swollen by flood or shallowed by drouth, w-ith a\\nfront of miles for wliarfage and anchorage evety where. As a harbor it is excelled by few in\\nthe world, either in pituresqueness or safety.\\nThe country around and tributary to the city is growing and improving not less rapidly,\\nand the site and location of the town is admirably adapted to commercial and mechanical\\nbusiness of every kinil and on a large scale. The Sault Ste Mario canal, just completed,\\nopens up to us a hitherto obstructed prospect, and secures a large and valuable trade with\\nthe upper portion of the State. The advantages of this trade to Detroit are apparent.\\nDetroit in many particulars is, notwithstanding the misapprehensions of some letter writer.\\nthe unrivalled City of the Lakes. Its growth has been steady, healthy and natural. Portions\\nof the city whicli but a few years ago were the very outskirts: ponds formerly existing on the\\nGrand Circus and on the farms at the head of the Hiver Savoyard where sportsmen amused\\nthemselves hunting duck and plover, are now far within tho thickly settled and populated dis-\\ntricts. The localities formerly occupied liy forts, cantonments, block houses magazines and\\nnavy yards; the potato fields, con)moiis where cattle grazed, and grave yards were, are now\\nconi|)actly covered by long rows of stores and warehouses, manufactories, mechanics simps,\\ndwellings, and towering church steeples, and a dense, thrifty and enterprising population whoi-e\\nbusy hum have so changed the scene that the ancient hiUtant and persons born and reared\\nin the laud are scarcely able to recognize it. As the poet might say:\\nCn \\\\-wx\\\\ af(l *Iop therrd mnrs Ia*e Hhfdo\\n1h***le:nn Iin-go ruph 8 n an I-on roa-l\\nThf eciilo iwa at t vas grinnrifR g-cnn\\nV ith pr* (tiicti\u00c2\u00bb of widf rffttm-j Ity commrTi e made our own,\\nI nndH \u00c2\u00ablii-:e the ^[mt iiii II huiitrd dui-k :i d ido^er\\nNon- w lli piiTtprr Mll i pa V nr* c lVfcd ovor.\\nCrct n I- DO throiiell whit-b ih\\\\ kalitat t nl lje\\nIirove Ilia rharetle\u00e2\u0080\u0094Xr, n^l\u00c2\u00ab u^ *i l^ Itave priWD,\\nP.\u00c2\u00bbTd with c\u00c2\u00abjbl lc\u00c2\u00ab u .iili pt ip oxod lln- Ihotc\\nI f hi* li uc strftith* bv tride .lot decked of yor\u00c2\u00ab,\\nPlriitB who-eclcar depth* oo piioifurf n-td rou d reach.\\nN lW ^u)lt\u00c2\u00bb ily sivi- l .ic!( tlie accw-lui; a. tut MTf\u00c2\u00ab h.\\nr- all from fh Park Con -ffl^ior. what nur ri O\\nIlliiiiie* Jc\u00c2\u00abn Or pt .u f hnnc-l, woi d riiiK ypft\\n1*0 p tile terrace wiior,- tlie rniTipnrt T ovm il.\\nAVith I fly piie. o( b ick and mnrlar criiwIKd.\\nA\\\\h-\\\\ tiat I rcater rhniirr U )iriii i( the mo crD plac*\\nC ln ailling now a le^a cuntcntpd race,\\nTil-* aimpl virt- c* of tlie olfl* ll lime\\nExchaogYd Ur c-jln\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the iror\u00c2\u00aba .ini{;h!y dime.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 57\\nAPPENDIX\\nDETROIT IN 1756.\\nJames Bull, Esq of this city, has in his possession a bouni.1 volume of the Lontlon\\nChronifle, published ia 1757, (The form of the Chronicle is 7 by 10 inches, published\\nsemi-weekly,) which contains tlie following\\nPhiladelphia, July 28.\\nSince our last, c:inic to Town one Peter Lewnoy, who, for about a year past has been\\namong the French and Indians at Fort Detroit, and informs us as follows, viz That ho\\nwas an Ensign of a Company of Rangers in tho back part of Virginia, consisting of 70\\nmen, commanded by Capt. John Smith, That last summer the Frontier Inhabitants, being\\ngreatly distressed l)y the incursions of the enemy, their whole company went out in difl er-\\nent parties to their assistance, except the Captain himself and nine private men, who vrcro\\nin a Block House, and had with them six women and five children.\\nThat on tho 30th of June. 1750, they were attacked by a body of Indians and some\\nFrench, and defended themselves tho best part of a day, in which time, he says, they\\nkilled thirty-two Indians and three Frenchmen, lost two of their own pcop e, and another\\nman and himself were wounded but were forced to surrender at last, the house they were\\niu being set on fire.\\nThat they were then carried off, and after traveling some time, tho Indi.ans belonging\\nto four different tribes divided the prisoners, and parted that before they carae to the\\nlower Shawanese Town, (where he supposes there were about 300 Indians) the Shawaneso\\nmade a sacrifice of one Cole, whom they roasted alive, and tormented for a whole night\\nbefore he e.xpired and this they did in sight of the French, who seemed unconcerned at\\ntheir horrid barbarity, and did not endeavor to restrain them, notwithstanding the moving\\nentreaties and bitter complaints of the poor man that they also killed and scalped another\\nman on the road, he being old and not ablo to travel. That he (Lewney) was the only one\\nthat was carried to Detroit where there were aljout 300 French families settled, and in\\nwhat they call tho Town they have about 100 houses that they have plenty of fish tho\\nland rich, on which they raise wheat and peas, and have very good crops and the Indians\\nof two or three different nations very numerous.\\nThat while he was at Detroit an Indian King adopted him for his brother, on which ac-\\ncount ho was very well used, and was often with them at their Councils with the French,\\nbeing dressed and painted as tho Indians were, and not known by the French but as an\\nIndian, living in every respect as they did and that at one time in particular, at a confer-\\nence, he heard tho French commander order the Indians to go first to Fort Duquesne,", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "58 SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\nthen to Fort Cumberland, and iiftcrwards tojdcstroy all tlie English inhabitants; that about\\nthe beginning of April last a grc;it body of Indians sot oft for Duquesne, in parties, each\\nparty having some l- rcnchmon with tbcm.\\nThat about the middle of June ho loft Detroit in company with a small party of Indians\\nwho were going to Niagara with some fui-s, in order to purchase Indian goods; that from\\nDetroit to Niagara it is about 2S0 miles, and that on the Falls of tho latter the French\\nhave a small Fort, in which they keep 30 men and at Niagara there is a Fort of 24 guus,\\nC, 9 and 12 pounders, and iu it about 300 men.\\nThat while ho was at Niagara he met one William Phillips, of New York, who was taken\\nat Oswego, and they agreed to make thoir escape together that the night boforo they left\\nit, 280 French arrived there from Cadaravui, destined, it was said, for Fort Duquesne, who\\ner camped that night, and were to set out again next day, but he and Phillips went off\\nbefore them that they traveled about 200 miles, (the land bad and mostly drowned) when\\nthey came to Oswego without seeing an Indian, which place ami Fort Ontario tlioy Aiuiid\\nentirely destroyed that they came to the Mohawk Rivor, where they were kindly received\\nby the Indians, who gave them some victuals, of which they were in great want and that\\nthey got to Albany the 12th lost., from whence ho proceeded to this city, and is now gone\\nto Virginia, where his parents live. Ho was born in this Town, and is about 23 years of\\nage. Capt. Smith, he said, was given to tho French, and scut to Canada in the spring.\\nDETROIT IN 1766-8\\nThe compiler of the foregoing Sketches is indebted to lion. A. D. Eraser for the fol-\\nlowing papers, received after the foregoing wore in typo. In a nuto accompanying tho\\npapers Mr. Fraser says Little is known of tho early history of our city and those who\\ncould have shed light upon it have long since passed away. M uch. however, might be done\\nin our day towards this object, by the publication of such ancient documents as must ho\\nstill in the possession of some families in this ancient city. I am led to mako these re-\\nmarks from having recently become possessed of two original documents, which I cannot\\nbut think will ho perused with some curiosity. They wore recently discovered among tho\\npapers of a gentleman who died on tho opposite shoj-o some forty years ago. It seems\\nthat the British Govcriimcnt. about four years after taking possession of Detroit, formed\\nthe determination to compel the inhabitants to bear the ex[)cnso of repairing the Fort at\\ntheir own cost Col John Campble, tho commandant at Detroit and ita dependencies,\\nissued a requisition on the citizens for this purpose. This drow from them a spirited and\\nenergetic remonstrance. The second document is a voluntary associution entered into in\\n176s by some of the princii)al iidiabitant.% to repair tho pickets around the Town, as well\\nfor tho public good, as their own particular and common safety, and appointing commis-\\nsionei-s to do the work at their oipensa\\nTo John Campble, Esq., I.ieit. Col. axo Commandant at Detroit axd its Depen-\\ndencies\\nSilt\\nWe havo taken yonr order of tho 3d inst.ant, respecting the furnishing of ma-\\nterials by us for repairing this Fort, into consideration, and find it absolutely impossible to\\ncomply with it. The requisition made of us per individnols, would amount at least to\\nFour Thousand Pounds, N. Y. Currency. A sum by far too great for tho whole sottio-", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 59\\nmeat, and all the trading people from dififereut places now residing here, to pay. How\\never, that we may not be looked upon to bo actuated by a spirit of opposition, we have\\ntaken all the pains in our power to obtain the fullest information we could in regard to the\\nobligation we are supposed tolaj under for keeping up the repairs of this Fort upon its\\npresent plan. We find, sir, that till the year 1750 the Fort was about half the extent it\\nnow is. The inhabitants till then were obliged to furnish one picket for each foot of ground\\nthey possessed in front within the Fort, and pay annually two sol per foot to the Crown,\\nby way of rpiit rent. It was with difficulty that the circumstance of this place could ac-\\ncomplish the payment of their dues to the French King, of which he proved his sensibility\\nby easing the inhabitants of the heavy bnrthen of furnishing pickets for from that time\\nthe Fort was enlarged upon an entire new plan, at the solo expense of the Crown. This\\nmeasure was not only necessary for easing the inhabitants but for convieniency of public\\nbuildijigs. The annual tax of two sol per foot, in front, was continued till the surrender\\nof this country to the English, since which the service has required such taxes of us that\\nthey have been almost unsupportable. permit us, sir, to mention them and you will see\\nthat wo stand in greater need of assistance, than be obliged to pay any new demands.\\nCapt. Campbell, the first English commandant at Detroit, on his arrival hero, levied a tax\\non the proprietors in the Fort for lodging the troops, which amounted to a very considera-\\nble sum, besides each of the farmers were obliged to pay a cord of wood per acre in front.\\nThe second year the proprietors paid again for quartering the troops, and the farmers fur-\\nnished double the quantity of wood they did the year before. The third year Col. Glad-\\nw-in continued the same taxes. The following year, being 1702, the tax within the Fort\\nalone amounted to one hundred and eighty-four pounds, thirteen shillings and four pence.\\nIn the year 17ti4 the taxes came to one hundred and fifty-eight pounds, New York Cur-\\nrency. In the year 1765 you was pleased to signify by Messrs. Babee and Shapporton that\\nthe taxes for the future should be the same as in the French Government, which, as we\\nhave said bef ire, was two sol per foot for the lots vfithin the Fort. The farmers were sub-\\nject to a quit rent of two shilliLgs and eight pence, New York Currency, and one-fourth\\nbushel wheat per acre in front, which was accordingly paid to Mr. Shapperton, who was\\nappointed to receive the same. After this, we could not help being surprised at tte tax\\nfor the current year, viz one shilling per foot in front for lots with.in the Fort, and ten\\nshillings per acre for the farmers in the country. The heaviness of this tax is most severely\\nfelt, as you may judge by the delay and the difficulty the people have in paying it. This\\nproves the badness of our circumstances. AVo have not mentioned anything hero with a\\nview of throwing any odium on you or any of your predecessors in the command, but to\\nshow the impossibility of complying with the requisition now under consideration. To\\nmake our plea of exemption still stronger, we take the liberty to lay before you Mr. Na-\\nvan-e s letter to us with its translation, as ho has long resided here in a public character,\\nand being a man of knowledge, wo cannot doubt but the testimony will have its deserved\\neffect with his Kxcellcncy the Generah We forbear any further arguments of our inabili-\\nties. You know, sir, the sorrowful situation we are reduced to for want of money, and the\\nlanguishing condition our trade is in. In short; the knowledge you have of everything\\nthat relates to this infant country and the countenance and protection you have always\\nshowed to a fair trade, makes us hope that you will dons the justice to represent our cir-\\ncumstances as they i-eally are to those in power, and then we are sure wo shall be relieved\\nfrom some of our present emtan assments, instead of being loaded with new taxes. As you\\nare soon to leave this country, it gives us sensible concei n that any of your orders shouiffi\\nmeet with opposition from us, especially when we consider that all your orders precedinj\\nthis relative to the settlement have ever been founded on the most just and equitable\\nprinciples. We therefore take this opportunity (as it probably will bo the last,) to thank\\nyou with hearts full of gratitude for your wise, steady,^ benevolent and impartial conduct.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "60\\nSKBTCnSS OF TllS CITT OF DETROIT.\\n(luring your command over us. Accept of our sincere and best wishes tor your heultli,\\nhappiness and prosperity.\\nWo are sir, with respect, your most obedient, humblo servants.\\nPower of Proprietors to the Commissioners for repairiiit^ the Pickets abuul the Tuwn of\\nDetroit:\\nBe it known by these presents, tiiat we, tho subscribers, proprietors of the Town of De-\\ntroit, sensible of the absolute necessity there is at present for repairing tho Pickets ar und\\nthe Town, as well for tho public good as onr own particular and common safety, wo do\\nhereby fully authorize and impower Messrs. Baby, St. Casm, Sterling and Tliom. Williams,\\nCommissioners for us and in our behalf and .stead, to buy Pickets and cau.se them to bo\\nplanted, and to make such repa:rs !is to them shall seem expedient, and to appoint a per-\\nson they may approve of, to superintend tho carrying on the work, who is to bo paid as\\nthey may agree. Wo hereby ratify, confirm and agree to whatsoever they shall do or\\ncause to bo done in and about the ]iremises, and engage to pay on demand our respective\\nproportions of tho expenses arising therefrom according to our possessions, as we have been\\nlately taxed for tho repairs already made.\\nDETRorr, February 24th, 1763.\\nSigned by John Hay, P. Dequindre for Steadman, Rinkin Eagen, D. Baby, W. V.\\nSchaach Co.. I.eirrand. Bon. James for Farrell Abbott, John Magill, Peter Raven, D.\\nBr?hni, St. Martin for Ed. Pollard. Alex. Macomb, B. Chapcton, Chociel, John Robinson,\\nHugh Boyt. Jacob, Lansingin. Comm. Jjaforto, B. Gracko. Xailo Muo.int. Tcofille, Scncha-\\ngi in, P. St. t osme, tluilbean, C.ibajig. Tabrosso, Augustiii Li Eiiy, Kcaume.\\n1778.\\nLetter from General Gage to Capt. Stephenson. 2d Battalion GOtk Regiment, Detroit.\\nPreserved among the papers of the late Judge May. .Vo. 20.\\nNew York, April Ptii, 1778.\\nSin: Your letters of the I4th and 18th December, are very full on the subject of grants\\nand lands at tho Detroit. I am to ex|)Uiin to you that tho King has not invested any per-\\nsons whatever, with the power of granting lands in Amoric.i, oxce])t to his Givoniors,\\nwithin the limits of their respective Provinces; and under certain forms and restrictions,\\nand where any purchase is made of tho Indians though within tho limits of tho Province\\nthey are not valiil, unless permission is given so to do, and tho purcluuso njado in presence\\nof tlio Governor and His Majesty s Superintendent of Indian AiTairs. From hcnco you\\nwill know that tho power of granting lands .at tho Detroit, rem, .ins solely in the King, and\\nthat no purch.aso can he made of Indians but with tho Kings permission and authority.\\nIt may bo needless after tho above explanation to inform you that all grants made by\\nLieut. Col. Gladwin, Major Brace or any other British Commander, are null and void and\\nof no value.\\nAs tor the French grants in general, nnless approved of by tho Governor General of Can-\\nada and registered accordingly, thoy were not valid; but as for Mons. Belestro s grants in\\ntho year 1770, thoy cannot bo deemed any other than fraudulent and are by no means to\\nbo looked upon as valid, and as for tho Indian purchase thoy were not aHowed by the French,\\nnor are they allowed by tho ICnglish Government, but under tho restrictions I have already\\nmentioned.\\nMonsieur Navarrie s declaration, or cortificnto may be in part true, hut it is not the whole\\ntruth. Tho first settlers with Mons. Sabrovois, wore not, perhaps, enjoined to the condi-\\ntions imposed afterwards respecting their titles t the Government was glad to get any", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 61\\npeople to begin the settlement. But Mens. Navarrie s conclusion is vague and ill founded.\\nI am well informed in these matters, was three years in possession of the boolcs wlioiein\\nthe files were registered, and received information ujion them, the very time in which\\nMens. Belestro s grants were made, which sufficiently points out their being invalid, and that\\nt ley could not be registered when the government of Canada was on the point of surren-\\ndering to the King, and the Capital possessed by his troojjs. so early as Sept. 1859. Mons.\\nBclestre was not ignorant of these circumstances, and his grants are fraudulent. I am\\nto reqiiiie of you as soon as this is received, to annul and make void by public act. every\\nconcession made by Mons. Bclestre in the year 1760 every gTant made by any British\\nCommander, without exception, and all Indian purchases whatever, or Indian deeds, not\\nobtained by the King s permission, and authority; and that you do not suffer any settle-\\nments to bo made with the above titles, or any new settlements to be begun on any pre-\\ntence whatever, and that you pull down as fast as any persons shall presume to build up,\\nand that you do seize and send down the country all persons who shall bo endeavoring to\\nsettle among the savages.\\nI imagine the Indians will be set upon to talk to you on these subjects you will answer\\nthem that the King is tender of their jH operty, and has made regulations to prevent their\\nbeing cheated, and defrauded that His Majesty has been induced to make these rules,\\nupon the frequent complaints of the Indian against the white peoplewho have defrauded\\nthem of their lands by making a few of them drunk and getting them in that condition\\nto give away their country, to the great disgust of the rest of the nations, and that by\\nsuch means the Indians have represented that wliitc peojde have taken great part of their\\nhunting grounds. This has happened to many Indian nations, and unless you stop it in\\nthe beginning at the Detroit, the same thing will happen there.\\nMr. Grant has engaged to build two vessels for the King, in which business you will\\nplease to assist him, and give him such helps as your Garrison affords, whenever ho shall\\ndemand it. As for the merchants they may build what vessels they please, but you will\\nnot suffer either Mr. Grant s artificers or sailors to bo taken from him. You have acted\\nvery properly in that respect already. I understand there is very good cedar to be had\\nwhich Mr. Givint will now use for the King s vessels, ami if you find it necessary, you wil I\\nreserve the cedar and suffer no pei sons to cut it, but when it is to bo used in the King s\\nservice.\\nI hope that you received the order about fitting out the old vessels for this year s\\nservice.\\nYou must continue to take every precaution against accidents from fire, if Jlr. Babies\\nstable is so near the magazine as you represent, it must be deemed a nuisance and removed\\naccordingly.\\nI am sir, your most obedient, humble servant,\\n(Signed) THOMAS GAGE.\\nP. S. The merchants alledgo that there is cedar to bo had in the greatest plenty. If\\nthat is the real case, I can have no objection to their cutting as much as they shall want\\nof it; and you will not obstruct them, in that or any other business not detrimental to the\\nservice. T. G.\\n(A true copy.) E. B. Littlehales.\\nTo Capt. SiErnENSON, 2d Bat. 60th Reg., at Detroit.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "G2 SKETCBES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT.\\n17 8 9.\\nThe following extracts are from a letter written by the late Peter Andraiii. Esq., fatlie\\nof Mre. Robert Ahliot, to Hon. Jumes May, wlio was at the time at Cincinnati, thc-n the si at\\nof Govcrnmont. Tl .c lottcr is ilatoii Detroit, January I4tli 1709, and gives in detail tlie\\nproceedings of an election boina; ht-ld for tlie election of two merabei s of Goneral Assem-\\nbly, Judge Jlay being a candidate for re-election. The voting was I /vif roce, and the Judges\\nof election refused to receive votes for Judge May, because he was gone to Cincinnati.\\nThis was the only poll held in Michigan, and the inhabitants, from River Raison to River\\nSt. Clair, came hero to vote. The ckclinn was held two days, and the candidates pro-\\nclaimed to be highe. -t in number are Wisowell and Vitger, a^ Col. Chahcrt has diclincit, and\\nis not eligible, not having three years rcfidence in the country. Visger and Wisowell were\\nthere present, and Visgcr told the Judges and Shcriti that he would not go with Wisowell.\\nHe then asked them which candidate was the highest in number of votes. Tliey answered\\nhim that it was Col. Chabert. Visger said ho was willing to go with Col. Chabert Col.\\nChabert they then sent for, who v::\\\\a in an adjoining room, and asked him whether he was\\nwilling to go with Mr. Visger. He answered yes. Col. Chaliert demanded then a certifi-\\ncate of his election, and they answered him that they could not give it. They culled for\\nwine, and thus the business ended. Previous to that, Christian Clemens, a fi iend of A\\\\ iso-\\nwell, asked the Sheriff and Judges why the name of Wisewell was loft behind, being re-\\nported to be equal, in number of votes, to Visger. The answer was, that Visger is an older\\nrosidenter than Wisewell.\\nTni-nsDAY, ITtii.\\nThe old, virtuous Col. McKeo died at his seat on the river Thames, the day before yes-\\nterday, after a short illness. His remains have been interred this afternoon with great ])omp\\nat the seat of his son Tom, at Pelilte Cote. All the British Grandees attended, even Col.\\nMaisonviUe. This event will probably damp the rejoicings of to-morrow evening, being\\nthe Queen s birth. A grand bal para is to bo at Mr. Roe s, over the river, and the bravo\\nTom was ono of the managers, with Jacques Baby. You must announce to the world,\\nthrough the medium of the Cincinnati Gazette, this memorable death. Greit Brit liii hive\\nlost a great support the Indians a tender parent, and the United States the most iuvot-\\ncrate and unnatural enemy.\\nThe Captains of the militia on the Eriti.sh .side were ordered to furnish five men jier each\\ncompany to go immediately to Maiden, to help to picket and fortify tlMt garrison, IVofile\\nseem a little alarmed on that side, and so are our own at the order of the Col Commandant,\\nwhich was jiublished last Sunday at church, by Mr. Levadoti.x himself, that tlie burying\\nground lately allowed to Roman Catholics should not be pickctted, but only defended by a\\nflying fence, c. Capt Sedgwick tnid me this morning that orders are received to have this\\ntown pickelted anew; estimate of that ccpcnse is preparing, and it will amount to a pretty\\npenny.\\nYour mill* has been going a spidl, the water wheel got broke and was immediately repair-\\ned by .Munisli Labadi. Mcfsrs. Fillio Menisli have chosen some bolting cloth at Mr.\\nMcintosh s, and the bolt is made and at work. Every attention is paid to your intercut. No\\nnews yet from Wittmorc Knaggs llamtramck not yet arrived.\\nFiiiDAV, ISrii.\\nThis day the British are celebrating in the house of Mr. Roc, the. Queen s birth-day. I\\ncan hear the noiso of the di-um, :us the wind blows from that shoro. All our otVicers except\\nCol. Strong, Lukins, Tallman and Gray are tbci-i Ernest and bis wife, the SliiM-itf and his\\nwife, Mrs. and Miss Podemead and Miss Sally Williams arc there, and alsj James Henry\\nand Winston.\\nSATiRnAV, IOtii.\\nYour liiidy told me this morning that tlio dam of your mill was damaged near the trunk\\nthrough which water is conveyed to the wheel.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Tliis wnsi probnWy the first wnter lloTir mill in the State, and the one crecteJ at Tantiac by Messrs\\nMack und Sibley the lint one la the iutvriur.", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "SKETCHES OF THE CITY OF DETROIT. 63\\n1812.\\nCopy of an address which was drawn up by Judge May, and signed by the inhabitants\\nresiding at Detroit and yicinity, and presented to His Honor, Judge Woodward\\nTo the Honorable Jlugiistits B. Woodward, one of the Judges of the Territory of Mich-\\nigan:\\nSir Wo, the inhabitants residing in the vicinity of Detroit, beg leave to state That we\\nhave learned with extreme regret, that in consequence of not receiving any answer to your\\ndespatches which had been forwarded to the General Government, (after waiting a reason-\\nable time) you have signified your intention of shaping your course in a few days for the\\ncity of Washington.\\nWe are on this occasion particularly obliged to acknowledge and admire your patriotic\\nand uniform conduct, since t!ie surrender (on the 16th August last,) of this Territory to\\nUis Majesty s arms, in interceding and protecting us suffering citizens and saving our lives\\nand persons from tho victorious and insulting savage; in preserving the remnants of our\\nproperty from pillage, and in aiding tho means of departing those who wished to go and\\nfind the standard of their country, and also for the spirit of humanity which you have\\ndisplayed towards the surviving citizens of tho unhappy and terrible disaster which took\\nplace on the l. th of August last in the vicinity of Chicago* in procuring the means of\\npreserving those unhappy survivors, from the distressing calamities which environed them,\\nand for their restoration to their friends. We have seen with great satisfaction the good\\neffects which has resulted from your respected efforts, and wo sincerely hope that the pains\\nand interest you have taken in our behalf, may be crowned with success.\\nFrom the just sense wo entertain of your goodness, we cannot reconcile it to our minds\\nthat you have any, the least wish or intention to emulate the example of others, who at tho\\nhour of danger and at a time their services was most undoubtedly required, immediately\\nabandoned their posts and flew to tho United States, leaving us to our fate, and owing\\nentirely to the pains and exertions which you have taken on the occasion, we have happily\\nescaped. Fully impressed from the situation of the country, of the necessity of your\\npresence, the fond hope we entertain that ere long your despatches will bo answered and\\nyour conduct highly approved by the General Government, wo take tho liberty of solicit-\\nuig as a particular favor, thct you will continue to remain and brave out the storm with us\\nor until the General Government shall judge proper to recall you from tho Territory. We\\nfurther beg leave, with the deepest sense of gratitude, for the past exertions which you have\\nnumifested in our behalf and for tho tranquility which wo continue to enjoy, to offer you\\nour warmest thanks.\\nDEruoiT, Gth JanuaiT, 1813.\\nTlie Massacre, by tlie Pottawotamie ladians, of tbirt3 -eight men, two women and twelve children,\\nwho that day had left and abandoned Fort Dearborn, and taken up their line of march for Fort Wayne\\nunder an escortof Pottawotamie Indians, who after promising to escort them to Fort Wayne and receiv-\\ning presents of all the Government property in tho Fort, proved treacherous and attacked the party\\nwithin a mile and a half of the Fort, killing abuat two thirds of the party, when the remainder sur-\\nrendered. The prisoners were divided among the different bands of Indians, who in time reached De-\\ntroit. The comiuaudant, Capt, Heald, and wife, were wounded, as also were Lieut, and Mrs. Ilelm.", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "TABLE OF CONTENTS.\\nPAGE\\nThe City its History, 3\\nDetroit in 177H Interesting Xarrative. G\\nDutioit iu 1.S05\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Before the Fire, 8\\nThe Xew Town, 8\\nTime s (Jlianges, 9\\nMayors, 12\\nPojjulation, l. i\\nI ro]Hrty Valuation, 13\\nPulilio (iisburicuieuts, 1853-4, 14\\nLiabilities, 14\\nHotels 1\\nArcliitoeturo, lij\\nPulilic (iroundf, l(i\\nWiiltli of Avenues, 17\\nMercantile, 17\\nCommerce in 18J4, 19\\nManufactories, 20\\nLumber, 20\\nWyandotte 21\\nThe Fish Trade of the Lakes, 21\\nLake Superior Trade, 23\\nLake Superior Copper, 23\\nMining, 24\\nFrorluce of Copper, 25\\nl/ike .Supcrio Iron 2(i\\nLake Superior Marble 2S\\nCoal, 28\\nSalt 30\\nCity Statistics, 1855 30\\nSchools Their Early History, 31\\nCuinmon Schools, 33\\nPAGE\\nChurches and Religious Societies, c)4\\nCemeteries, 36\\nWaterworks 37\\nNew Ueservoir 39\\nComparative I uritv of Water 4l\\nHead of Water,... 42\\nfias Light, 42\\nPavements and Sewere, 43\\nFlank Koads, 43\\nThe River, 43\\nJ he Climate, 44\\nElevations, 44\\nFires The Firo Department, 44\\nYoujig Men s Society, 4fi\\nMechanics Society, 47\\nLake Navigation, 47\\nSteamboats and Steamboat Routes, 48\\nRailroads, 49\\nMichigan Central Railroad, 50\\nDi troit and M ilwaukee Railway, 52\\nGreat Western Railway 54\\nDetroit, Monroe and Toledo Railroad,.. 55\\nDistances from Detroit, 55\\nConclusion, 56\\nArrr.Noix\\nDetroit in 1760 57\\nl7G(i-8, 58\\nLetter from Cen. Gace. 1778 60\\nPeter Andrain. 1 7 .I0, 62\\nAddress to Judge Woodward, is 12 63", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "H 62 90", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": ".-ij^i-. **w** .-Sfe-. .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^0^--\\ns^\\n^V^^\\nj^i -f_ .o^ .i^;^r ^\u00c2\u00b0o .i^i X c\u00c2\u00b0^ yJ^ ^\u00c2\u00b0o\\n**y v^^ V\u00c2\u00b0\\n/Y De\u00c2\u00abck\u00c2\u00abn\u00c2\u00abJ using lh\u00c2\u00abBooWt\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00abperpfO\u00c2\u00ab\\nuv Neutralizing AgsnC Magnesium Oxida\\nTnmtmAnl Dale:\\n-V.\\nTmotmon! Dale:\\nilsl-SEP 1398\\nPR\u00c2\u00a3S\u00c2\u00a3RVATK3\u00c2\u00abTECHNOLOO L\\nI Trtofmon Pvfc Ortv*\\nZfvtmrri ToMnthip. PA 16066", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "J^\\\\ -t*^^.\\no ,/\\\\.;Si-.\\\\\\nHECKMAN\\nBINDERY INC.\\n^JAN 90\\n\\\\txWt N. MANCHESTER,\\n1^ INDIANA 46962", "height": "2673", "width": "1656", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2658", "width": "1682", "jp2-path": "sketchesofcityof00robe_0076.jp2"}}