{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3752", "width": "2388", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Q^\\ny\\\\ ^m -.IK\\n0*\\n1^ .S-*\\no *G x5\\no", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "v*^\\\\** v*^^/\\no *G o\\nvO.\\nn-j\\n0^\u00c2\u00b0 ^^\\\\r ^o-\\n-y\\n^^0^\\n:i^^\\n^0\\n^^0^", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "1^^^^^^\\niiiimiiiiiiiiinmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinmitniniitiinmniimm\\nhjtnnalsof^ortHackinac-^\\nnull II mill mill tiiiiiiiiiinnn\u00c2\u00bbmn H\\nBy\\nLieut. D. H. K ELTON,\\nU.S. ARMf.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Saint Cloud Hotel,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICHIGAN.\\n^f ITU ATE D upon beautifully terraced grounds overlooking the Harbor\\nl^ and Straits of Mackinac. Is complete and Modern in all its\\nappointments and furnished in the Queen -Anne Style.\\nThe Saint Cloud Hotel oflTers inducements to Tourists and Pleas-\\nure-Seekers that are unsurpassed. Its corps of colored servants is the best\\nwhile its Culinary department is under the charge of a Chef de Cuisine\\nengaged at great expense.\\nIts elegant broad verandas, its large, airy, well -ventilated rooms, its\\nOperatic Singers, and its\\nCi ^s FAMOUS STRING BAND s Vo\\nare attractions by which this Hotel has gained its world-wide reputation\\nand which no one can disregard in the selection of a home-like stopping\\nplace while sojourning on this lovely and romantic Isle.\\nWENDELL Mcdonald, Managers.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "1\\nJl*", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "Annals of Fort Mackinac\\nBY\\nDWIGHT H. KELTON^\\nLIEUTENANT U.-S, ARMY.\\n26 1.., V\\nCHICAGO:\\nFERGUS PRINTING COMPANY\\n1882.\\n(k^", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 1882, by\\nD. H. KELTON,\\nIn the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nTo HELP pass the long, dreary evenings of a Mackinac\\nwinter, was compiled the following Annals\\nBesides information derived from official sources, in-\\ncluding the records on file in the Fort, the old books of\\nthe American Fur- Company, the records of the Village\\nand County of Mackinac, and of the churches of Mackinac\\nand St. Ignace; old documents in the hands of private\\nindividuals have been also examined and much matter\\nobtained which it is believed has never before been in\\nprint.\\nMost of the old records are in the French lang-uac^e,\\nin the translation of which I have been assisted by\\nLieut. E. H. Plummer and Sergt. F. J. Grant.\\nWith some few exceptions, there are records for the\\nyears back to 1712.\\nThe are none for the years prior to 1695.\\nAt the last moment, much matter of a dry, statistical\\nnature, derived from old records, and originally intended\\nto be incorporated in this book, has been omitted, and\\nmatter which it is thought will be more acceptable to the\\ngeneral reader substituted.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "4 PREFACE.\\nThe Legends of OssEO, and Lover s Leap, are\\nfrom Schoolcraft s Hiawatha Legends, nearly all\\nof the substituted matter has, however, been taken from\\nthat very valuable work, Chicago Antiquities, by\\nHenry H. Hurlbut, Esq., of Chicago, by permission\\nin each instance.\\nD. H. KELTON.\\nFort Mackinac, Mich.,\\nApril, 1882.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "MICH I LI MACKINAC,\\nOSSEO\\nTHE SON OF THE EVENING STAR.\\nThere once lived an Indian in the north, who had ten\\ndaughters, all of whom grew up to womanhood. They\\nwere noted for their beauty, but especially Oweenee, the\\nyoungest, who was very independent in her way of think-\\ning. She was a great admirer of romantic places, and paid\\nvery little attention to the numerous young men who came\\nto her father s lodge for the purpose of seeing her. Her\\nelder sisters were all solicited in marriage from their\\nparents, and one after another went off to dwell in the\\nlodges of their husbands, or mothers-in-law, but she would\\nlisten to no proposals of the kind. At last she married an\\nold man called Osseo, who was scarcely able to walk, and\\nwas too poor to have things like others. They jeered and\\nlaughed at her on all sides, but she seemed to be quite\\nhappy, and said to them, It is my choice, and you will\\nsee in the end who has acted the wisest. Soon after, the\\nsisters and their husbands and their parents were all invited\\nto a feast, and as they walked along the path, they could\\nnot help pitying their young and handsome sister, who had\\nsuch an unsuitable mate. Osseo often stopped and gazed\\nupward, but they could perceive nothing in the direction\\nhe looked, unless it was the faint glimmering of the even-\\ning star. They heard him muttering to himself as they", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "6 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nwent along, and one of the elder sisters caught the words,\\nSho-wain-ne-me-shin nosa. Poor old man, said she,\\nhe is talking to his father, what a pity it is that he would\\nnot fall and break his neck, that our sister might have a\\nhandsome young husband. Presently they passed a large\\nhollow log, lying with one end toward the path. The mo-\\nment Osseo, who was of the turtle totem, came^to it, he\\nstopped short, uttered a loud and peculiar yell, and then\\ndashing into one end of the log, he came out at the other,\\na most beautiful young man, and springing back to the\\nroad, he led off the party with steps as light as the rein-\\ndeer. But on turning round to look for his wife, behold,\\nshe had been changed into an old, decrepit woman, who\\nwas bent almost double, and walked with a cane. The\\nhusband, however, treated her very kindly, as she had done\\nhim during the time of his enchantment, and constantly\\naddressed her by the term of ne-ne-moosh-a, or my sweet-\\nheart.\\nWhen they came to the hunter s lodge with whom they\\nwere to feast, they found the feast ready prepared, and as\\nsoon as their entertainer had finished his harangue (in which\\nhe told them his feasting was in honor of the Evening or\\nWoman s Star), they began to partake of the portion dealt\\nout, according to age and character, to each one. The food\\nwas very delicious, and they were all happy but Osseo, who\\nlooked at his wife and then gazed upward, as if he was\\nlooking into the substance of the sky. Sounds were soon\\nheard, as if from far-off voices in the air, and they became\\nplainer and plainer, till he could clearly distinguish some\\nof the words.\\nMy son my son, said the voice, *T have seen your\\nafflictions and pity your wants. I come to call you away\\nfrom a scene that is stained with blood and tears. The\\nPity me, my father.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF OSSEO. 7\\nearth is full of sorrows. Giants and sorcerers, the enemies\\nof mankind, walk abroad in it, and are scattered through-\\nout its length. Every night they are lifting their voices to\\nthe Power of Evil, and every day they make themselves\\nbusy in casting evil in the hunter s path. You have long\\nbeen their victim, but shall be their victim no more. The\\nspell you were under is broken. Your evil genius is over-\\ncome. I have cast him down by my superior strength, and\\nit is this strength I now exert for your happiness. Ascend,\\nmy son ascend into the skies, and partake of the feast I\\nhave prepared for you in the stars, and bring with you\\nthose you love.\\nThe food set before you is enchanted and blessed.\\nFear not to partake of it. It is endowed with magic power\\nto give immortality to mortals, and to change men to\\nspirits. Your bowls and kettles shall be no longer wood\\nand earth. The one shall become silver, and the other\\nwampum. They shall shine like fire, and glisten like the\\nmost beautiful scarlet. Every female shall also change her\\nstate and looks, and no longer be doomed to laborious\\ntasks. She shall put on the beauty of the starlight, and\\nbecome a shining bird of the air, clothed with shining\\nfeathers. She shall dance and not work she shall sing\\nand not cry.\\nMy beams, continued the voice, shine faintly on your\\nlodge, but they have a power to transform it into the light-\\nness of the skies, and decorate it with the colors of the\\nclouds. Come, Osseo, my son, and dwell no longer on\\nearth. Think strongly on my words, and look steadfastly\\nat my beams. My power is now at its height. Doubt not\\ndelay not. It is the voice of the Spirit of the stars that\\ncalls you away to happiness and celestial rest.\\nThe words were intelligible to Osseo, but his companions\\nthought them some far-off sounds of music, or birds singing", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "8 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nin the woods. Very soon the lodge began to shake and\\ntremble, and they felt it rising into the air. It was too late\\nto run out, for they were already as high as the tops of the\\ntrees. Osseo looked around him as the lodge passed\\nthrough the topmost boughs, and behold! their wooden\\ndishes were changed into shells of a scarlet color, the poles\\nof the lodge to glittering wires of silver, and the bark that\\ncovered them into the gorgeous wings of insects. A\\nmoment more, and his brothers and sisters, and their\\nparents and friends, were transformed into birds of various\\nplumage. Some were jays, some partridges and pigeons,\\nand others gay singing-birds, who hopped about, displaying\\ntheir glittering feathers, and singing their song. But Owee-\\nnee still kept her earthly garb, and exhibited all the indi-\\ncations of extreme age. He again cast his eyes in the\\ndirection of the clouds, and uttered that peculiar yell,\\nwhich had given him the victory at the hollow log. In a\\nmoment the youth and beauty of his wife returned; her\\ndingy garments assumed the shining appearance of green\\nsilk, and her cane was changed into a silver feather. The\\nlodge again shook and trembled, for they were now pass-\\ning through the uppermost clouds, and they immediately\\nafter found themselves in the Evening Star, the residence\\nof Osseo s father.\\nMy son, said the old man, hang that cage of birds,\\nwhich you have brought along in your hand, at the door,,\\nand I will inform you why you and your wife have been\\nsent for. Osseo obeyed the directions; and then took his\\nseat in the lodge. Pity was shown to you, resumed the\\nking of the star, on account of the contempt of your\\nwife s sister, who laughed at her ill fortune, and ridiculed\\nyou while you were under the power of that wicked spirit,\\nwhom you overcame at the log. That spirit lives in the\\nnext lodge, being a small star you see on the left of mine.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF OSSEO. 9\\nand he has always felt envious of my family, because we\\nhad greater power than he had, and especially on account\\nof our having had the care committed to us of the temale\\nworld. He failed in several attempts to destroy youf\\nbrothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, but succeeded at last in\\ntransforming yourself and your wife into decrepit old per-\\nsons. You must be careful and not let the light of his\\nbeams fall on you while you are here, for therein is the\\npower of his enchantment a ray of light is the bow and\\narrows he uses.\\nOsseo lived happy and contented in the parental lodge,\\nand in due time his wife presented him with a son, who\\ngrew up rapidly, and was the image of his father. He was\\nvery quick and ready in learning everything that was done\\nin his grandfather s dominions, but he wished also to learn\\nthe art of hunting, for he had heard that this was a favorite\\npursuit below. To gratify him, his father made him a bow\\nand arrows, and he then let the birds out of the cage that\\nhe might practise in shooting. He soon became expert,\\nand the very first day brought down a bird, but when he\\nwent to pick it up, to his amazement, it was a beautiful\\nyoung woman with the arrow sticking in her breast. It\\nwas one of his younger aunts. The moment her blood fell\\nupon the surface of that pure and spotless planet, the charm\\nwas dissolved. The boy immediately found himself sink-\\ning, but was partly upheld, by something like wings, till\\nhe passed through the lower clouds, and he then suddenly\\ndropped upon a high, romantic island in a large lake. He\\nwas pleased on looking up to see all his aunts and uncles\\nfollowing him in the form of birds, and he soon discovered\\nthe silver lodge, with his father and mother, descending\\nwith its waving barks looking like so many insects gilded\\nwings. It rested on the highest cliffs of the island, and\\nhere they fixed their residence. They all resumed their", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "lO\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2natural sJiapcs, but were diminished to the s .ze Q){ fairies;\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2as a mark of homage to the King of the Evening Star, they\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2never failed, on every pleasant evening during the summer\\nseason, to join hands and dance upon the top of the rocks.\\nThese rocks were quickly observed by the Indians to be\\ncovered, in moonlight evenings, with a larger sort of Puk\\nWudj Ininees, or little men, and were called Mish-in-e-\\nmok-in-ok-ong, or turtle spirits, and the island is named\\nfrom them to this day. Their shining lodge can be seen\\nin the summer evenings when the moon shines strongly on\\nthe pinnacles of the rocks, and the fishermen, who go near\\nthose high cliffs at night, have even heard the voices of\\nthe happy little dancers.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "EARLY MICHIGAN\\nThe first European Settlement within the limits of the\\nState of Michigan, was by the French.\\nIn 1641, Father Charles Raymbault and Isaac Jogues\\nvisited Sault de Ste. Marie, and established a mission\\namong the Chippewas.\\nIn 1668, Father James Marquette reached the Sault,\\nwhere he was joined by Father Claudius Dablon. The\\nSettlement of Michigan begins at this period.\\nUnder the French and British dominion, the territory\\nwas associated with the Canadas, but became part of the\\nterritory of Virginia at the close of the war of independ-\\nence, although it was not formally occupied by the United\\nStates until 1796. Virginia had in the meantime ceded to\\nthe United States all of her territory northwest of the\\nOhio River, and Congress, by the historical Ordinance of\\n1787, passed July 13th of that year, provided for its gov-\\nernment as the Northwest Territory.\\nThe first seat of government of the Northwest Territory\\nwas at Chillicothe, Ohio. By act of Congress of May 7th,\\n1800, the territory was divided, preparatory to the, admis-\\nsion of Ohio into the Union as a State, and the Indiana\\nTerritory was erected, with. the seat of government at\\nVincennes, Ind. By act of January, 1805, the Territory ot\\nMichigan was set off from the Indiana Territory, the seat\\nof government being established at Detroit. By this act,\\nthe southern boundary of Michigan was fixed by a line\\ndrawn due east from the southerly bend or extreme ot\\nLake Michigan until it intersects Lake Erie, and the western", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nboundary through Lake Michigan and thence due north to\\nthe northern boundary of the United States. This included\\non the south a strip of territory, now forming a part of the\\nState of Ohio, and did not include the northern or Upper\\nPeninsula of the now State of Michigan.\\nIn the year 1835, the people of Michigan took steps for\\nforming a State Government. The admission of the State\\ninto the Union was delayed until 1837, chiefly in conse-\\nquence of a disagreement in regard to the southern boun-\\ndary; the State of Ohio laying claim to the strip of terri-\\ntory previously referred to, which it was claimed on the\\nother hand was within the Territory of Michigan, and\\nwhich embraces within its limits the present City o^ Toledo.\\nThe dispute at one time threatened an armed collision, and\\nmilitary forces were mustered on both sides, m what is\\npopularly known as the Toledo war. The difficulty was\\nsettled by the act of Congress of June, 1836, fixing the\\ndisputed boundary in accordance with the claim of Ohio,\\nbut giving to Michigan, instead, the territory known as the\\nUpper Peninsula.\\nThe seat of Government remained at Detroit until 1847,\\nwhen it was removed to Lansing.\\nThe land area of the State consists of two natural\\ndivisions known as the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, and\\nadjacent islands.\\nThe Upper Peninsula contains 14,451,456 acres.\\nThe Lower Peninsula contains 21,677,184 acres.\\nThere are 179 islands included within the boundaries oi\\nthe State, varying in area from one acre upward, their total\\narea being 404,730 acres.\\nBois-Blanc Island contains 21,351 acres.\\nRound Island contains 180 acres.\\nMackinac Island contains 2,221 acres.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "EARLY MICHIGAN.\\n13\\nGOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN.\\nunder french dominion.\\nSamuel Champlain, 162 2-1 635\\nm. de montmagny, 1636-1647\\nM. DE AlLLEBOUT, 1648-1650\\nM. DE Lauson, 1651-1656\\nM. DE Lauson (son), 1656-165 7\\nM. DE AlLLEBOUT, 1657-1658\\nM. DE Argenson, 1658-1660\\nBaron de Avangour, 1 661-1663\\nM. DE Mesey, 1663-1665\\nM. DE Courcelles, 1665-1672\\nCount de Frontenac, 167 2- 1682\\nM. DE LA BaRRE, 1682-1685\\nm. de nouville, 1685-1689\\nCount de Frontenac, 1 689-1 698\\nM. DE Callieres, 1 699-1 703\\nM. DE Vaudreuil, 1703-1725\\nM. DE Beauharnois, 1726-1747\\nM. DE Galissoniere, 1747-1749\\nM. DE LA JONQUIERE, 1749-1752\\nM. DU QUESNE, 1752-1755\\nM. DE Vaudreuil de Cavagnac, 1 755-1763\\nunder british dominion.\\nJames Murray, _ 1 763-1 767.\\nGuy Carleton, 1768-1777.\\nFrederick Haldimand, 1 777-1785.\\nHenry Hamilton, _ 1785-1786.\\nLord Dorchester, 1786-1796.\\nterritorial governors.\\nNorthwest Territory.\\nArthur St. Clair,\\n1796-1800.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "14 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nIndiana Territory.\\nWilliam Henry Harrison, 1800-1805.\\nMichigan Territory.\\nWilliam Hull, 1805-18 13.\\nLewis Cass, 1813-1831.\\nGeorge B. Porter, 1 831-1834.\\nStevens T. Mason, ex-officio^ 1 834-1 835.\\nUNDER state AUTHORITY.\\nStevens T. Mason, 1 835-1 840.\\nWilliam Woodbridge, 1 840-1 841.\\nJ. Wright GoRDON,t 1841-1842.\\nJohn S. Barry, 1 842-1 846.\\nAlpheus Felch, 1 846-1 847.\\nWilliam L. Greenly, t- 1847- 1848.\\nEpaphroditus Ransom, 1 848-1 850.\\nJohn S. Barry, 1850-1852.\\nRobert McClelland, 185 2-1 853.\\nAndrew PARSONS,t _ 1853-185 5.\\nKinsley S. Bingham, 185 5-1 859.\\nMbsES WiSNER, 1 859-1 86 T.\\nAustin Blair, 1861-1865.\\nHenry H. Crapo, _ 1865-1869.\\nHenry R Baldwin, 1869-1873.\\nJohn J. Bagley, 1873-1877.\\nCharles M. Croswell, 1877-1881.\\nGeorge H. Jerome, _ 1 881-1885.\\nDied while in office, July 6, 1834, and was succeeded by the then Secre-\\ntary of the Territory, Stevens T. Mason,\\nt Lieutenant-Governors actinir as Governor.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "PUBLIC OFFICERS.\\nIS\\nINDIAN AGENTS.\\nAgents for Mackinac and vicinity:\\n1816-24 W. H. PuTHUFF. 1857-61\\n1824-33 George Boyd. 1861-65\\n1833-41 H. R. Schoolcraft. 1865-69\\n1841-45 Robert Stuart. 1869\\n1845-49 Wm. a. Richmond. 1869-71\\n1849-51 Chas. p. Babcock. 1 87 1\\n1851-53 Rev. Wm. Sprague. 1871-76\\n1853-67 Henry C. Gilbert. 1876-82\\nAndrew M. Fitch..\\nD. C. Leach.\\nRichard M. Smith..\\nWm. H. Brockway.\\nJames W. Long.\\nRichard M. Smith.\\nGeorge I. Betts.\\nGeorge W. Lee.\\nMACKINAC -COUNTY CLERKS.\\nThe following is a list of the Clerks of the County from\\nits organization in 18 18:\\n1 81 8-2 1 Thomas Lyon. 1855-58\\n1822-24 F. Hinchman. 1859-63\\n1825-46 J. P. King. 1864\\n1847-52 P. C. Kevan. 1865-82\\n1S53-54 W. M. Johnston.\\nJohn Becker.\\nW. M. Johnston.\\nCharles OAIalley.\\nJohn Biddle.\\nMACKINAC.\\nWardens or Presidents of _the Borough or Village .of\\nMackinac, since its incorporation in 18 17:\\n1817-21\\n1822\\n1823\\n1824-25\\n1826\\n1827-30\\n1831\\n1832-43\\n1844\\n1845\\n1845\\n1846\\nW. H. Puthuff.\\nG. Boyd.\\nW. H. Puthuff.\\nM. Dousman.\\nJ. N. Bailey.\\nS. Abbott.\\nE. Biddle.\\nS. Abbott.\\nE. Biddle.\\nS. Abbott.\\nA. Wendell.\\nB. Chapman.\\n1848 A. Todd.\\n1849 B. Chapman.\\n1850-55 A. Todd.\\n1856 J. P. King.\\n1 86 1 J. B. CoucHois.\\n1872 J. Becker.\\n1873 W. Madison.\\n1874 Dr. J. R. Bailey.\\n1875-76 E. C. Gaskill.\\n1877-81 W. P. Preston.\\n1882 H. A. N. Todd..", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "l6 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nPOSTMASTERS.\\nPostmasters at Mackinac since the establishment of the\\nPost Office in 1819:\\nThe Office was known as MichiHmackinac until 1825,\\n1819-22 Adam D. Stewart. 1859-61 John Biddle.\\n1822-25 John tV. Mason. 1861-66 James Lasley.\\n1825-29 Jonathan N.Bailey.* 1866-67 John Becker.\\n1829-49 Jonathan P. King. 1867-77 James Lasley.\\n1849-53 James H. Cook. 1877-80 George C. Ketcham.\\n1853-59 Jonathan .P. King. 1880 James Lasley.\\nThe first post-office on this side of the Atlantic was established\\nby Gov. Lovelace, at New York, in 1672.\\nIn the month of July, 1683, WiUiam Penn issued an order\\nfor the estabUshment of a post-office at Philadelphia.\\nThe first stage between New York and Philadelphia com-\\nmenced running in 1756, and occupied three days.\\nThe first stage between Boston and New York commenced\\nthe 24th of June, 1772, to run once a fortnight, as a useftil, new,\\nand expensive undertaking.\\nThe first mail-route crossing the Alleghany mountains was\\nopened from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, in 1788; in the year\\n1789, there were only seventy-five post-offices in the whole\\ncountry.\\nIn 1794, a route was extended, semi-monthly, to Louisville,\\nand to Vincennes, in 1800. In 18 10, a route was established\\nfrom Vincennes to Cape Girardeau. There was a direct route,\\nin 1824, ft om Vandalia to Springfield; David McKee, in the year\\n1826, on account of the Government, and mainly for the con-\\nvenience of that part of the army stationed at Fort Dearborn,\\nengaged to carry despatches and letters, once a month, between\\nChicago and Fort Wayne; it took two weeks on horseback for\\nthe round trip.\\nFirst Postmaster at Chicago. Appointed March 31st, 1831.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL PARK. 1 7\\nNATIONAL PARK. ISLAND OF MACKINAC.\\nOn March ii, 1873, Hon. T. W. Ferry, Senator from\\nMichigan, introduced in the Senate, the following:\\nResolved, That so much of the Island of Mackinac, lying in the\\nStraits of Mackinac, within the County of Mackinac, in the State\\nof Michigan, as is now held by the United States under military\\nreservation or otherwise, (excepting the Fort Mackinac and so\\nmuch of the present reservation thereof as bounds it to the south\\nof the village of Mackinac, and to the west, north, and east re-\\nspectively by lives drawn north and south, east and west, at a\\ndistance from the present fort flag-staff of four hundred yards,)\\nhereby is reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or\\nsale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set\\napart as a National public park, or grounds, for health, comfort,\\nand pleasure, for the benefit and enjoyment of the people; and\\nall persons who shall locate or settle upon or occupy the same, or\\nany part thereof, except as herein provided, shall be considered\\ntrespassers, and removed therefrom.\\nThat said public park shall be under the exclusive control of\\nthe Secretary of War, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practica-\\nble, to make and publish such rules and regulations as he may\\ndeem necessary or proper for the care and management of the\\nsame. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation from\\ninjury or spoliation of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curi-\\nosities, or wonders within said park, and their retention in their\\nnatural condition. The Secretary may, in his discretion, grant\\nleases, for building purposes, of small parcels of ground, at such\\nplaces in said park as shall require the erection of buildings for\\nthe accommodation of visitors, for terms not exceeding ten years;\\nall of the proceeds of said leases, and all other revenues derived\\nfrom any source connected with said park, to be expended, under\\nhis direction, in the management of the same and in the construc-\\ntion of roads and bridle-paths therein. He shall provide against\\nthe wanton destruction of game or fish found within said park,\\n2", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "l8 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nand against their capture or destruction for any purposes of use or\\nprofit. He also shall cause all persons trespassing upon the same\\nafter the passage of this act to be removed therefrom, and gener-\\nally shall be authorized to take all such measures as shall be\\nnecessary or proper to fully carry out the objects and purposes of\\nthis act.\\nThat any part of the park hereby created shall at all times be\\navailable for military purposes, either as a parade or drill ground,\\nin time of peace, or for complete occupation in time of war, or\\nwhenever war is expected, and may also be used for the erection\\nof any public buildings or works: Provided^ That no person shall\\never claim or receive of the United States any damage on account\\nof any future amendment or repeal of this act, or the taking of\\nsaid park, or any part thereof, for public purposes or use.\\nSenator Ferry did not forget his work or neglect his\\nopportunities, and on March 3, 1875, after a two years\\nstruggle, he finally procured the passage of the Act for the\\nMackinac National Park. His regard for this spot his\\nbirthplace and boyhood home led him to advocate his\\npark bill at all times and places, until his fellow-members\\ndubbed it Ferry s Park. It has since become a great\\nnational resort for invalids and pleasure-seekers, and fully\\njustifies his foresight in securing it from monopoly and for\\nthe people. His remarks, in 1873, when opposed by Sena-\\ntors Casserly, Hamilton, Saulsbury, and others, were as\\nfollows\\nMr. President, I ask the indulgence of the Senate to occupy\\na few moments in stating why I desire this resolution to pass, and\\nto very briefly call attention to some of the considerations which\\nhave moved me to take steps toward the attainment of a measure\\nwholly in the interest of the public good.\\nMy purpose was to invite action upon this project by the pass-\\nage of a bill of like features at the late session of Congress. The\\nextraordinary pressure of graver matters precluded the possibility\\nof consideration. Notwithstanding the approval of both Military", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL PARK. 19\\nCommittees of that Congress, following the concurrence of the\\nSecretary of War, the rules of the Senate, rigorously enforced,\\nbarred what I had good reason to beUeve the ready passage of the\\nbill. Since it could not be reached, and fell, with other measures,\\nby the termination of Congress, I desire now to so far recur to it\\nas to call public attention to the subject, that during the months\\nof recess before us popular judgment and comment may find way\\nto the next Congress in approval or disapproval of what I am\\npersuaded will verily subserve the general welfare.\\nAs the bill expresses, its object is to set aside a national park,\\nand dedicate to the public use, all of the public grounds, except\\nthe necessary surroundings of the Fort, now held by the Govern-\\nment, within the Island of Mackinac, as a military reservation or\\notherwise. If in past years this island was considered as a point\\nof such strategic importance as to warrant its withdrawal from\\npublic sale, it certainly can not longer be regarded as so essential\\nto the national safety as to be continued in the sense of an indis-\\npensible military reservation. Whatever of importance may have\\nattached to salient points along our northern border, as coming\\nwithin the scope of national guardianship and retention against\\nthe possible event of rupture with the British Government, these\\nfears may henceforth be regarded as groundless. War with Great\\nBritain would be American occupation for her Canadian posses-\\nsions. For military purposes, therefore, we no longer need to\\nhold the Island of Mackinac. This fact is practically recognized\\nby the dilapidated condition of the Fort, now left to crumble into\\ndecay by the indifference shown by the Government to any ex-\\npenditure looking to the preservation of the military work at that\\npost. Were it otherwise, and the point deemed of any importance\\nin respect to future military necessities, this design does in nowise\\nconflict with any such use of the island which the mihtary exi-\\ngencies of the country might demand. It seeks not to divert\\nfrom, but to keep it, as now, under the continued control of the\\nWar Department of the Government. In the possibilities of the\\nfuture, the use to which it is proposed to dedicate the island will\\nnot prejudice or defeat the utilization of the spot as a base for", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nmilitary operations. Then, as now, the Government will have\\nthe same access to, and occupation of, its area, for all purposes of\\npublic emergency. There can, therefore, be no military objection\\nto the purpose sought. To place this beyond doubt, during the\\nlate session I formally invited the attention of the Secretary of\\nWar to the provisions of the measure, and asked his consideration\\nand approval of the same, if deemed compatible with the public\\nuse and safety. The General of the Army was also conferred\\nwith upon the subject. The officer having military charge of the\\nlakes was called upon to express any objection which might occur\\nto him against the adoption of such a measure. Besides, as\\nstated, the Military Committee of the last Senate fully considered\\nthe proposition, and now all these may be said to have given their\\nunqualified approval of the measure.\\nI have said this much upon the military aspect of the case,\\nmore because of the lact of the reservation being a military one,\\nand held as such, and possibly considered by the public as of\\nsome strategic importance. When, in the early years of our lake\\nnavigation, the commerce of the lakes passed through the north\\nchannel, between Mackinac and Round Island, the fort on Mack-\\ninac Island commanded this commerce. Of later years it has\\nbeen found that the better one is what is now known as the south\\nchannel, through which the great part of the growing commerce\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of these lakes passes, and really Mackinac is too distant from the\\ncourse taken to be of any practical use in a military espionage of\\nthis branch of national pursuits.\\nIt is a significant historical commentary of this, that Old Mack-\\ninaw, on the mainland of the lower peninsular of Michigan, was\\nwhere the British first erected their fort, following in the wake of\\nthe Indian choice of the like spot as the commanding one of the\\nStraits. The Island of Mackinac was not till 1780 selected as a\\nlocality of any importance, and then by the British as a place of\\nsecurity by its isolation from the surprises and incursions of war-\\nlike savages. The massacre of the British garrison at Old Mack-\\ninaw, by hostile Indians in 1763, led to the selection of Mackinac\\nIsland as the more secluded, and consequently safer, rather than", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL PARK. 21\\nthe most commanding location for the military defence of the\\nStraits. The islaiid falling into our hands by the definitive treaty\\nof peace of 1783, retaken by the British in 181 2, and restored by\\nthe treaty of Ghent in 18 14, has, by these successive transitions,\\nhistorically grown into military fame. The observant and instinc-\\ntive Indian chose better when he established his poiiit d appui at\\nOld Mackinaw, where the Straits are but four miles wide, and the\\nnarrowest point, rather than, as the white man since has done, on\\nan island seven miles distant from the course of commerce.\\nIt will hence be noticed that whatever may be the reasons for\\nretaining possession of the Island for Government uses, it can not\\nchiefly be considered as of much military significance to the\\nnation. Of traditional and historical value, it possessess much\\nto endear it to the people, and as one of the earlier landmarks\\nof national boundary and history, it will not easily pass out of\\nannals or recollections.\\nIn the estimation of the natives, who made it a point of interest\\nbordering upon veneration, the island was not only of singular\\nbeauty, but made sacred to them by legends and traditions from\\nimmemorial tribes and races.\\nIts antiquity is worthy of note. As early as the Puritan Land-\\ning it was trodden by whites, for the French occupied and roamed\\nabout it in 1620. At Old Mackinaw, Pere Marquette established\\nhis mission in 167 1, and following his death, this mission of peace\\nwas transformed into the seat of war. Thousands of Indian war-\\nriors held their councils and dances, and planned their murderous\\nforays at these notable chief quarters. The confederate tribes\\ngathered here to devise ways and means to capture and destroy\\ntribal foes. It was the grand place of meeting and point of\\ndeparture for trade and war. Here the scalps were brought and\\ncounted, the wampum distributed, and the warrior decorated.\\nSo near this scene of warlike sway, where whoop and song made\\nnightly orgies more terribly hideous, it was not strange that the\\nsuperstitious Indian, beholding in the distance an island of much\\nnatural beauty and grotesque crest, three hundred feet above the\\nwatery surface, naturally clothed its striking features with the", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "22 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nsupernatural, naming it the island of giant fairies. To this day\\nthe Indian looks upon and treads the almost unbroken surface of\\nMackinac with much of the veneration which inspired his early\\nfathers when they first saw and consecrated to the Great Spirit the\\nfavored island.\\nThe following are the approved Rules and Regulations\\nfor the Park at Mackinac:\\nI. Mackinac Park will be under the immediate control and\\nmanagement of the commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac, who is\\ncharged with the duty of preserving order, protecting the public\\nproperty therein, and enforcing these rules\\nII. All tenants renting under the Act of Congress providing\\ntherefor must conform to, and abide by, such rules and regula-\\ntions as are prescribed for the care of the park, and will be held\\nresponsible for a compliance with the same on the part of the\\nmembers of their families, their agents, and employes.\\nIII. The sale of wines and malt or spirituous liquors on the\\npark, without special authority from the commanding- officer of\\nFort Mackinac, or higher military authority, is prohibited.\\nIV. No person shall put cattle, swine, horses, or other animals\\non the park, except as follows\\nThe cows belonging to the residents of the Island of Mackinac\\nmay be placed in a herd, under the care of a herder, and be per-\\nmitted to graze in such parts of the park as may be designated\\nby the commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac.\\nV. Racing or riding and driving at great speed is prohibited.\\nVI. No person shall indulge in any threatening, abusive, in-\\nsulting, or indecent language in the park.\\nVII. No person shall commit any obscene or indecent act in\\nthe park.\\nVIII. No frays, quarrels, or disorders of any kind will be per-\\nmitted in the park.\\nIX. No person shall carry or discharge fire-arms in the park.\\nX. No person shall injure or deface the trees, shrubs, turf,", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL PARK. 23\\nnatural curiosities, or any of the buildings, fences, bridges, or\\nother structures within the park.\\nXI. No person shall injure, deface, or destroy any notices,\\nrules or regulations for the government of the park, posted, or in\\nany other manner permanently fixed, by order or permission of\\nthe authorities of the park.\\nXII. No person shall wantonly destroy any game or fish\\nwithin the park, nor capture nor destroy the same for any pur-\\nposes of use or profit.\\nXIII. Any person who shall violate any of these Rules and\\nRegulations shall be ejected from the park by military authority,\\nand in case the person so offending shall have committed any\\noffence in violation of any of the statutes of the United States or\\nof the State of Michigan the offender shall be proceeded against\\nbefore the United States or State courts, according to the laws\\nproviding for the same.\\nXIV. The commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac may, at any\\ntime, add to or modify these Rules, subject to the approval of the\\nSecretary of War.\\nWhen the Park was surveyed, Lots were set apart for\\nbuilding purposes in the following places: on the bluff near\\nRobertson s Folly on the blufT on the N.-W. side of the\\nisland; and on the bluff extending from the old Indian\\nburying-ground along by Pontiac s Lookout. The latter\\nare the most desirable in many respects.\\nThe rent per annum ranges from ten to twenty -five\\ndollars a lot, but as yet none have been taken.\\nCol. Gurdon S. Hubbard, of Chicago, who owns a tract\\nof eighty acres adjacent to Tontiac s Lookout, has platted\\nhis land so as to correspond with the Park Lots, Streets,\\netc. Lover s Leap and Devil s Kitchen are in this\\ntract.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF LOVER S LEAP\\nMany years ago, there lived a warrior on this Island^\\nwhose name was Wawanosh, He was the chief of an an-\\ncient family of his tribe, who had preserved the line of\\nchieftainship unbroken from a remote time, and he conse-\\nquently cherished a pride of ancestry. To the reputation\\nof birth he added the advantages of a tall and command-\\ning person, and the dazzling qualities of personal strength,\\ncourage, and activity. His bow was noted for its size, and\\nthe feats he had performed with it. His counsel was sought\\nas much as his strength was feared, so that he came to be\\nequally regarded as a hunter, a warrior, and a counsellor.\\nHe had now passed the meridian of his days, and the term\\nAkkee-waizee, i. e., one who has been long on the earth,\\nwas applied to him.\\nSuch was Wawanosh, to whom the united voice of the\\nnation awarded the first place in their esteem, and the\\nhighest authority in council. But distinction, it seems, is\\napt to engender haughtiness in the hunter state as well as\\ncivilized life. Pride was his ruling passion, and he clung\\nwith tenacity to the distinctions which he regarded as an\\ninheritance.\\nWawanosh had an only daughter, who had now lived to\\nwitness the budding of the leaves of the eighteenth spring.\\nHer father was not more celebrated for his deeds of strength\\nthan she for her gentle virtues, her slender form, her full\\nbeaming hazel eyes, and her dark and flowing hair.\\nHer hand was sought by a young man of humble parent-", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF LOVER S LEAP. 25\\nage, who had no other merits to recommend him but such\\nas might arise from a tall and commanding person, a manly\\nstep, and an eye beaming with the tropical fires of youth\\nand love. These were sufficient to attract the favorable\\nnotice of the daughter, but were by no means satisfactory\\nto the father, who sought an alliance more suitable to the\\nrank and the high pretensions of his family.\\nListen to me, young man, he replied to the trembling\\nhunter, who had sought the interview, and be attentive to\\nmy words. You ask me to bestow upon you my daughter,\\nthe chief solace of my age, and my choicest gift from the\\nMaster of Life. Others have asked of me this boon, who\\nwere as young, as active, and as ardent as yourself Some\\nof these persons have had better claims to become my\\nson-in-law. Have you reflected upon the deeds which have\\nraised me in authority, and made my name known to the\\nenemies of my nation. Where is there a chief who is not\\nproud to be considered the friend of Wawanosh.? Where,\\nin all the land, is there a hunter who has excelled Wawa-\\nnosh.^ Where is there a warrior who can boast the taking\\nof an equal number of scalps Besides, have you not\\nheard that my fathers came from the East, bearing the\\nmarks of chieftaincy.\\nAnd what, young man, have you to boast Have you\\never met your enemies in the field of battle.-* Have you\\never brought home a trophy of victory Have you ever\\nproved your fortitude by suffering protracted pain, endur-\\ning continued hunger, or sustaining great fatigue.^ Is your\\nname known beyond the humble limits of your native vil-\\nlage.? Go, then, young man, and earn a name for yourself.\\nIt is none but the brave that can ever hope to claim an\\nalliance with the house of Wawanosh.\\nThe intimidated lover departed, but he resolved to do a\\ndeed that should render him worthy of the daughter of", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "26 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nWawanosh, or die in the attempt. He called together\\nseveral of his young- companions and equals in years, and\\nimparted to them his design of conducting an expedition\\nagainst the enemy, and requested their assistance. Sev-\\neral embraced the proposal immediately; and, before ten\\nsuns set, he saw himself at the head of a formidable party\\nof young warriors, all eager, like himself, to distinguish\\nthemselves in battle. Each warrior was armed, accord-\\ning to the custom of the period, with a bow and a quiver\\nof arrows, tipped with flint or jasper. He carried a\\nsack or wallet, provided with a small quantity of parched\\nand pounded corn, mixed with pemmican or maple-sugar.\\nHe was furnished with a Puggamaugun, or war-club of\\nhard wood, fastened to a girdle of deerskin, and a stone or\\ncopper knife. In addition to this, some carried the ancient\\nsJiemagim, or lance, a smooth pole about a fathom in length,\\nwith a javelin of flint firmly tied on with deer s sinews.\\nThus equipped, and each warrior painted in a manner to\\nsuit his fancy, and ornamented with appropriate feathers,\\nthey repaired to the spot appointed for the war-dance.\\nA level, grassy plain extended for nearly a mile from the\\nlodge of Wawanosh along the lake shore. Lodges of bark\\nwere promiscuously interspersed over this green, and here\\nand there a solitary tall pine. A belt of yellow sand\\nskirted the lake shore in front, and a tall, thick forest\\nformed the background. In the centre of this plain stood\\na high shattered pine, with a clear space about, renowned\\nas the scene of the war-dance time out of mind. Here\\nthe youths assembled, with their tall and graceful leader,\\ndistinguished by the feathers of the bald-eagle, which he\\nwore on his head. A bright fire of pine wood blazed upon\\nthe green. He led his men several times around this fire,\\nwith a measured and solemn chant. Then suddenly halt-\\ning, the war-whoop was raised, and the dance immediately", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF LOVER S LEAP. 2/\\nbegan. An old man, sitting at the head of the ring, beat\\ntime upon the drum, while several of the elder warriors\\nshook their rattles, and ever and anon made the woods\\nre-echo with their yells.\\nThus they continued the dance for two successive days\\nand nights.\\nAt length the prophet uttered his final prediction of suc-\\ncess; and the warriors dropping off, one by one, from the\\nfire, took their way to the place appointed for the rendez-\\nvous, on the confines of the enemy s country. Their leader\\nwas not among the last to depart, but he did not leave the\\nvillage without seeking an interview with the daughter of\\nWawanosh. He disclosed to her his firm determination\\nnever to return, unless he could establish his name as a\\nwarrior. He told her of the pangs he had felt at the bitter\\nreproaches of her father, and declared that his soul spurned\\nthe imputation of effeminacy and cowardice implied by his\\nlanguage. He averred that he could never be happy until\\nhe had proved to the whole tribe the strength of his heart.\\nHe said that his dreams had not been propitious, but he\\nshould not cease to invoke the power of the Great Spirit.\\nHe repeated his protestations of inviolable attachment,\\nwhich she returned, and, pledging vows of mutual fidelity,\\nthey parted.\\nThat parting proved final. All she ever heard from her\\nlover after this interview was brought by one of his suc-\\ncessful warriors, who said that he had distinguished himself\\nby the most heroic bravery, but, at the close of the fight,\\nhe had received an arrow in his breast. The enemy fled,\\nleaving many of their warriors dead on the field. On ex-\\namining the wound, it was perceived to be beyond their\\npower to cure. They carried him toward home a day s\\njourney, but he languished and expired in the arms of his\\nfriends. From the moment the report was received, no", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "28 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nsmile was ever seen in the once happy lodge of Wawanosh.\\nHis daughter pined away by day and by night. Tears,\\nsighs, and lamentation were heard continually. Nothing\\ncould restore her lost serenity of mind. Persuasives and\\nreproofs were alternately employed, but employed in vain.\\nShe would seek a sequestered spot, where she would sit\\nunder a shady tree and sing her mournful laments for hours\\ntogether. Passages of these are yet repeated by tradition,\\none of which we give:\\nTHE LOON S FOOT.\\nI thought it was the loon s foot, I saw beneath the tide,\\nBut no it was my lover s shining paddle I espied;\\nIt was my lover s paddle, as my glance I upward cast,\\nThat dipped so light and gracefully as o er the lake I passed.\\nThe loon s foot the loon s foot,\\nTis graceful on the sea;\\nBut not so light and joyous as\\nThat paddle-blade to me.\\nMy eyes were bent upon the wave, I cast them not aside,\\nAnd thought I saw the loon s foot beneath the silver tide.\\nBut ah my eyes deceived me for as my glance I cast,\\nIt was my lover s paddle-blade that dipped so light and fast.\\nThe loon s foot the loon s foot,\\nTis sweet and fair to see,\\nBut oh, my lover s paddle-blade,\\nIs sweeter far to me.\\nThe lake s wave the long wave the billow big and free,\\nIt wafts me up and down, within my yellow light canoe;\\nBut while I see beneath heaven pictured as I speed,\\nIt is that beauteous paddle blade, that makes it heaven indeed.\\nThe loon s foot\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the loon s foot,\\nThe bird upon the sea.\\nAh it is not so beauteous\\nAs that paddle-blade to me.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "THE LEGEND OF LOVER S LEAP. 29\\nIt was not long before a small bird of beautiful plumage\\nflew upon the tree under which she usually sat. This mys-\\nterious visitor, which, from its sweet and artless notes, is\\ncalled Chileeli, seemed to respond in sympathy to her\\nplaintive voice. It was a strange bird, such as had not\\nbefore been observed. It came every day and remained\\nchanting its notes till nightfall; and when it left its perch\\non the tree, it seemed, from the delicate play of the colors\\nof its plumage, as if it had taken its hues from the rainbow.\\nHer fond imagination soon led her to suppose it was the\\nspirit of her lover, and her visits to the lonely rock were\\nrepeated more frequently. She passed much of her time\\nin fasting and singing her plaintive songs. There she pined\\naway, taking little nourishment, and constantly desiring to\\npass away to that land of expected bliss and freedom from\\ncare, where it is believed that the spirits of men will be\\nagain reunited, and tread over fields of flowery enjoyment.\\nOne evening, her lifeless body was found at the foot of the\\nrock, but when death came to her, it was not as the bearer\\nof gloom and regrets, but as the herald of happiness.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS,\\nCHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.\\nPERE ALLOUEZ VISITS THE SAULT.\\n1665. Father Claude Allouez was born in France, but\\nin what part or when we have not learned. He was a\\nJesuit, and sailed in 1658, arriving at Quebec in July of\\nthat year. We do not give particular details, but he was,\\nsays Shea, not inferior in zeal and ability to any of the\\ngreat missionaries of his time. He was at the Falls ot\\nSt. Mary in September, 1665, and subsequently at Chegoi-\\nmegon, on Lake Superior, and founded the Mission of St.\\nFrancis Xavier, near Green Bay After the death of Mar-\\nquette, he succeeded to the Illinois Mission. Whatever\\nmay have been the cause, it is known that this missionary\\nwas not a favorite of the explorer LaSalle, indeed his pres-\\nence was offensive to him, and it is understood that Al-\\nlouez retired from Illinois, expecting M. LaSalle, and went\\nto Wisconsin, but returned again, it is understood, and is\\nbelieved to have been there in 1689. Possibly he died\\nthat year, but the place of his death is not learned. Ban-\\ncroft says of that missionary: Father Claude Allouez has\\nimperishably connected his name with the progress of dis-\\ncovery in the West.\\nFATHER MARQUETTE AT THE SAULT.\\n1668. James Marquette was a descendant of a some-\\nwhat distinguished family, and was born in the City of\\n30", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 3,1\\nLaon, France, in the year 1637. He became a Jesuit at\\nthe age of 17, and some time afterward, in 1666, sailed for\\nCanada, as a missionary, landing at Quebec in September^\\nof that year. During the two succeeding years, he was\\nengaged in studying the Indian languages, and in the\\nspring of 1668, he embarked, via the Ottawa and French\\nRivers and Lake Huron, for the River St. Mary, at the\\nfalls of which a mission was to be established, with Mar-\\nquette at its head. There were, of the same religious,\\nfaith, earlier missionaries than Marquette in the region of\\nthe great upper lakes, who were brave and devoted men;\\nbut it was Marquette s tour to the Mississippi which has\\nmade his name pre-eminently famous. Pushing out as he\\ndid into the region of the yet undiscovered wonders of the\\ngreat valley, details of which journey have been fortunately\\npreserved to us by his faithful obedience to the instructions\\nof his Superior, our admiration is enlisted by the charm of\\nits romance. Yet it was the lofty aim of Marquette to be\\nof enduring service to his fellow-men; it was his integrity^\\nhis unselfishness, his untiring zeal, his gentle and uncom-\\nplaining disposition, and his early self-sacrifice near akin\\nto martyrdom, that command our sympathies, and these\\nare what made him truly great. In the autumn of 1669,\\nhe was chosen to go to Lapoint, or Chegoimegon, near the\\nwest end of Lake Superior, to continue the labors begun\\nsome years before by AUouez, or. still earlier by Menard-\\nIn the spring of 1 671, Marquette accompanied the fleeing\\nHurons, who sought a refuge at the Straits of Mackinac\\nfrom the fierce Sioux warriors, who had taken the war-\\npath against them; thence in the spring of 1673, Joliet,\\nthe leader, having arrived, they departed on their expedi-\\ntion for the great river. Marquette returned to Chicago,\\nwithout doubt, after his visit to the Indian village on the\\nIllinois, and in the month of May, 1675, he passed to the", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "32 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nOther side of the lake, and not only to the other side of it,\\nbut to the eternal shores beyond. On his way to Macki-\\nnaw, by the eastern shore of the lake, accompanied, doubt-\\nless, by the faithful Peter and James, he went ashore at\\nthe mouth of a river, since known by his name, and retired\\nby himself, having requested the men to leave him alone\\nfor a brief space. But the good father had died in a little\\ntime, and they buried him upon the bank of the stream.\\nSuch is the tradition. So much, certainly, is not unreason-\\nable, without giving credence to the numerous, minute,and\\nand dramatic details, portrayed by imaginative and artistic\\nlimners, as attending the exit of that true gentleman and\\nkind-hearted missionary. He is understood to have died\\non the 1 8th of May, 1675.\\nFATHER DABLON AT THE SAULT.\\n1668. Father Claudius Dablon came to Canada in\\n1655, and was sent directly to Onondaga, where he con-\\ntinued a few years; afterward made an attempt to reach\\nHudson s Bay by the Saguenay, but was stopped by Iro-\\nquois war-parties. In 1668, he followed Father Marquette\\nto Lake Superior, became superior of the Ottawa mission,\\nfounded Sault Ste. Marie, visited Green Bay, and reached\\nthe Wisconsin with Allouez; then returned to Quebec to\\nassume his post as superior of all the Canada missions.\\nThis office he held, with intervals, for many years, cer-\\ntainly till 1693; and he was still alive, but not, apparently,\\nsuperior in the following year. pj^g\\nperiod of his death is unknown.\\n.._AJ S^-fy^f^Jir-^\\\\j^", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 33\\nJOLIET AT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\n1673. Louis Joliet, the son of a wheelwright, was born\\nin Quebec, in 1645. He was educated at the Jesuit College\\nof Quebec, but afterward engaged in the fur-trade in the\\nWest, and was selected by the Government to lead the\\nexpedition in 1673, for the exploration of the Mississippi.\\nWe know the result of that journey; while the fatefulness\\nof an accident has left a cloud which envelopes the de-\\nserved fame of Louis Joliet, the lovely character of Pere\\nMarquette, his story of their tour to the Mississippi, his\\nstruggles and death, has also led us to forget that Joliet\\nwas first entitled to the laurel wreath for that exploratioji\\nand discovery. The reward bestowed by the French sover-\\neign upon Joliet for that distinguished service was rather\\na barren one, being the Island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of\\nSt. Lawrence. The gift proved an unlucky one; his island,\\nin 1 69 1, was captured, and himself and family made pris-\\noners, by a British fleet under Sir Wm. Phipps, suffering\\nthe entire loss of his estate. Shea says: He died ap-\\nparently in the last year of the seventeenth century.\\nLASALLE, HENNEPIN, AND HENRY DETONTY\\nAT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\n1679. The most remarkable character among the ex-\\nplorers of the Mississippi Valley, in the latter half of the\\nseventeenth century, was Robert Cavelier de La Salle.\\nViewed in the light and sense of worldly enterprise, he is\\nto be considered as surpassing all others in lofty and com-\\nprehensive aims, in determined energy and unyielding\\ncourage, both moral and physical. He faltered at no\\nlaborious undertaking no distrust by nerveless friends,\\nno jealous envy or schemes of active enemies, no misfor-\\ntune damped the ardor of his plans and movements. If", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "34\\nANNALS OF FORT .MACKINAC.\\nThe Griffon.\\nTHE FIRST VESSEL ON THE UPPER LAKES.\\nBUILT BY LA SALLE, 1 679.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 35\\nthere was a mountain in his track, he could scale it; if a\\nlion beset his path, he could crush it. Nothing but the\\nhand of the lurking assassin could quench the fire of that\\nbrave heart. We may briefly say, that LaSalle was born\\nin the city of Rouen, France, November 22, 1643. The\\nname LaSalle was borrowed from an estate, in the neigh-\\nborhood of Rouen, belonging to his family, the Caveliers.\\nRobert was educated at one of the Jesuit seminaries, and\\nas one of that order he continued a short time; but in\\n1666, he came to America, and it is said that he made\\nearly exploration to the Ohio, and was possibly near the\\nMississippi before Joliet and Marquette s voyage hither.\\nWe can here only allude to a few items and facts in La-\\nSalle s career. It was a marked incident, and so appears\\non the historic page, when LaSalle, in 1679, voyaged to\\nGreen Bay on the Grijfon, the first sail vessel of the lakes\\nabove the Falls, and which he had built on the bank of\\nCayuga Creek, a tributary of the Niagara. But that busi-\\nness trip was a mere pleasure excursion when compared\\nwith the efforts required of him to engineer and bring\\nabout certain indispensible preparations, involving ways\\nand means, before the keel of that renowned craft should\\nbe laid, and before she spread her wings to the breeze and\\ndeparted outward from Buffalo Harbor of the future. And\\nwhat an unhesitating morning -walk was that of his, in\\n1680, when he set out on foot from the Fort which (not\\nhim) they termed Broken Heart, where Peoria is, to go,,\\nsome twelve hundred miles perhaps, to Fort Frontenac,\\nwhere Kingston is, at the lower end of Lake Ontario. His\\nunyielding purpose was not to be delayed, but accelerated,,\\nby the avalanche of misfortune which had fallen on him.\\nHe could not wait for railroads, nor turnpikes, nor civiliza-\\ntion: he could not even wait for canoe navigation, for it\\nwas early spring in the month of March when the ice", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "36 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nstill lingered by the lake shores, and was running thickly\\nin the streams. So, with one Indian and four white men,\\nwith small supply of edibles, yet with a large stock of re-\\nsolution, he took his way. The journey was accomplished,\\nand he was back on Lake Michigan in the autumn ensu-\\ning. It has been suggested that his own enduring, iron\\nnature, as it might be called, unbending as it was in its\\nrequirements of others, served, perhaps, to create enmi-\\nties and to occasion the final catastrophe. It may have\\nbeen so; but whatever view may be taken, the doings of\\nLaSalle must be called wonderful, his misfortunes number-\\nless, and his death sad. The day on which LaSalle was\\nkilled is said to have been March 19, 1687.\\nThere is much of romantic interest in the life of Henry\\nde Tonty which will ever attract attention to the story oi\\nhis experience in the wilds of America. He was born in\\nNaples, Italy, in or near the year 1650. In a memoir, said\\nto be written by him in 1693, he says: After having been\\neight years in the French service, by land and by sea, and\\nhaving had a hand shot off in Sicily by a grenade, I re-\\nsolved to return to France to solicit employment. It was\\nat the time when LaSalle had returned from America, and\\nwas getting recruits of means for his Western enterprise.\\nThe prime minister of Louis XIV., he that was called the\\ngreat Colbert, knowing the soldier Tonty well, specially\\nprovided that the important project to be undertaken by\\nLaSalle should have the benefit of the personal aid oi\\nTonty, who, though miaimed and single-handed, was yet\\nready to go forth to dare and to do. Tonty says: We\\nsailed from Rochelle on the 14th of July, 1678, and arrived\\nat Quebec on the 15th of September following. We can\\nnot, of course, attempt to follow the brave and capable\\nlieutenant of LaSalle in his various movements, even if\\nwe had a knowledge o( them; yet we may say, that if a", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 37\\ntrustful agent or manager was needed for any adventure\\nby LaSalle, Totity was the man to fill the requirement.\\nIf a fort was wanted, he was the architect and overseer to\\nconstruct it; if a peaceable envoy to the Indians was re-\\nquired, he was the gifted embassador; if a tribe needed\\nchastisement in battle, he was the able captain of the\\nforces. We need not cite examples. Tonty was provided\\nwith some sort of a metallic arrangement as a substitute\\nfor the loss of part an arm; and he was known, it is said,\\nfar and near, among the tribes of red men, as La Bras de\\nFer, or TJie man ivitJi the iron arm. If we rightly remem-\\nber, more than one tale has been constructed by novel-\\nwriters, with its scenes laid in the Far West, presenting\\nTonty as the principal character. In long time past, an\\nisland at the lower end of Lake Ontario was known as, and\\ncalled, the Isle of l^onty, being named after our hero the\\nman with the iron arm but the name was afterward\\nchanged to that o{ Amherst. Whatever the deserts of the\\ntitled General Jeffrey Amherst may have been, Henry de\\nTonty was the greater man of the two. Tonty died at\\nFort St. Louis, on Mobile Bay, in the year 1704.\\nCHARLEVOIX AT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\n1 72 1. Peter Francis Xavier Charlevoix, who was born\\nat St. Quentin, France, October, 1682, sometime a teacher\\nin a Jesuit college, and also a missionary in Canada, made\\na tour from the St. Lawrence to New Orleans, via Lake\\nMichigan, in 1721. He was at St. Joseph River, having\\npassed from the Straits along the east shore of the Lake.\\nCharlevoix died in Lafleche, France, in 1761.\\nCONSPIRACY OF PONTIAC.\\n1763. Under this conspiracy eleven posts were attack-\\ned, and eight captured. Pontiac was the principal chief of", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "38 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe Ottawas and the head of a confederacy between the\\nOttawas, Chippewas, and Pottawatomies he was bom\\nabout 17 1 5 and was said to have been a Catawba prisoner\\nadopted by the Ottawas as their chief.\\nHaving secured the cooperation of the various neighbor-\\ning tribes, his plan was that each British fort should be\\nattacked by the Indians in its vicinity, reserving the right\\nto commence hostilities himself.\\nMay 7th, 1763. Under pretence of desiring a friendly\\ncouncil, he entered the Fort at Detroit with sixty other\\nchiefs, all having weapons concealed under their blankets,\\nthe plot being to rise and attack the garrison during the\\ncouncil; but the commanding officer. Major Gladwyn, had\\nreceived intelligence of their plans, from a girl belonging\\nto the Chippewa tribe, the night before, and all the officers\\nvvent to the council armed, while the garrison stood under\\narms outside.\\nPontiac, seeing his plans were discovered, withdrew with-\\nout giving the signal for the attack. He tried to enter the\\nFort again on the 9th, but was refused admittance. The\\nnext day the Fort was beseiged by Indians, and they con-\\ntinued their attacks, at intervals, until October 12th.\\nThe garrison at that time consisted of a part of the 8oth\\nregiment, one hundred and twenty men and eight officers,\\nunder Major Gladwyn.\\nTwo armed schooners, the Beaver and the Gladwyn,\\nwere anchored near the Fort, and rendered valuable assist-\\nance.\\nMay 13th. A strong detachment, under Lieut. Cuyler,\\nwas sent from Fort Niagara with provisions and supplies\\nfor the posts along the lakes.\\nMay 28th. While encamping for the night at Point\\nPelee, on Lake Erie, near the mouth of the Detroit River,\\nthey were attacked by a party of Wyandots. Lieut. Cuy-", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 39\\nler with about forty men escaped, and made their way back\\nto Niagara; the rest, about sixty, were either killed or\\ntaken prisoners.\\nAbout the middle of June, Capt. Dalzell left Fort Niag-\\naga with reinforcements and supplies for Detroit, and\\nreached there on the 29th of July. The next day he made\\nan attack on the Indians, but was unsuccessful, and was\\ncompelled to retire to the Fort after sustaining a heavy\\nloss.\\nMay i6th. Seven Indians entered Fort Sandusky under\\npretence of holding a friendly council, during which the\\ncommanding officer, Ensign PauUy, was seized, the garrison\\nmassacred, and the Fort burned. Ensign PauUy was taken\\nas a prisoner to the Indian encampment near Detroit, and\\nhis life saved by an old squaw who adopted him in place\\nof her warrior, who had lately died.\\nMay 25th. Fort St. Joseph, on the south-eastern shore\\nof Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the St. Joseph River,\\nwas entered by a party of Pottawatomies, ostensibly for a\\nfriendly talk, during which they fell upon the garrison\\nand massacred eleven of them. Ensign Schlosser, the\\ncommanding officer, and three privates were seized and\\nbound and taken to Detroit, where they were given up by\\nthe Indians to secure the release of some of their own\\ntribe who were held as prisoners.\\nMay 27th. Fort Miami, on the Maumee River, at the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2site of the present town of Fort Wayne, Indiana, was cap-\\ntured. Ensign Holmes, the commanding officer, was in-\\nduced to leave the Fort to visit a sick squaw, and was shot\\non the way. A sergeant attracted outside of the Fort by\\nthe shooting was also killed. The remainder of the garri-\\nson, nine men, were compelled to surrender.\\nJune 1st. Fort Ouatenon, on the Wabash River, about\\neight miles from the present town of Lafayette, Indiana,", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "40 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nwas captured. Lieut. Jenkins, the commanding officer,\\nwas allured into an Indian cabin where he was seized and\\nbound, several of the soldiers were treated in the same way,\\nand the rest of the garrison surrendered. The captives\\nwere ransomed by the French settlers in the vicinity, and\\ntaken into their houses.\\nJune 2d. Fort Michilimackinac was captured. The\\ngarrison consisted of Capt, Etherington, Lieuts. Jamet and\\nLeslie and about thirty-five men. A band of Chippewas\\nwhile playing a game of ball just outside of the Fort,\\nknocked the ball, as if by accident, so that it fell inside the\\nstockade; the players rushed after it, and seizing their\\nweapons from squaws, who had them concealed under their\\nblankets, and had previously entered the Fort as a part of\\nthe plot, they raised the war-whoop and fell upon the gar-\\nrison. Lieut. Jamet and fifteen men were killed. Capt.\\nEtherington and Lieut. Leslie, who were watching the\\ngame of ball, and the rest of the garrison were taken pris-\\noners; they were afterward ransomed by Lieut. Gorell and\\nhis command from the Fort at Green Bay.\\nOn the 15th of June, Fort Presque Isle, now Erie, Penn-\\nsylvania, was attacked by Indians and surrendered after a\\ntwo days siege. This was a very important post, as it\\ncontrolled the connection between the lakes and Fort Pitt,\\nbut as it was considered impregnable, it was only garri-\\nsoned by an ensign (Christie) and twenty-seven men. At\\nthe end of two days, the Indians had completed such\\narrangements to burn the block-house in which the garri-\\nson had gathered, that Ensign Christie deemed it prudent\\nto surrender after receiving the promise of the Indians that\\nthe captives should not be molested, which promise, how-\\never, was not kept. The Fort was plundered and the gar-\\nrison taken to Detroit as prisoners. Ensign Christie after-\\nward escaped and succeeded in reaching the Fort.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 4I\\nJune 1 8th. Fort Le Boeuf, on the west branch of French\\nCreek, in Pennsylvania, was attacked and set on fire the\\nsame night. The garrison consisted of Ensign Price and\\nthirteen men; while the Fort was burning they made their\\nescape under cover of the darkness, and finally reached\\nFort Pitt, passing Fort Venango, at the mouth of French\\nCreek, which had been burned to the ground. An Indian,\\nwho was present at the destruction of this Fort, afterward\\nrelated that all the garrison were massacred, except the\\ncommanding officer, Lieut. Gordon, who was compelled to\\nwrite at the dictation of the Indians an account of their\\ngrievances, and was then tortured over a slow fire for sev-\\neral successive nights, until he died.\\nJune 2 1 St. Fort Ligonier, at the western foot of the\\nAlleghany Mountains, commanded by Lieut. Archibald\\nBlane, was attacked by Indians, but the garrison succeeded\\nin repelling them.\\nFort Pitt, now Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, commanded by\\nCapt. Ecuyer, was besieged by Indians from July 28th\\nuntil August 1st. August loth, reinforcements arrived\\nfrom Carlisle, under Col. Bouquet. From August ist until\\nAugust loth, the Indians, who had withdrawn from the\\nsiege of the Fort, were engaged harassing and trying to\\ncapture these reinforcements.\\nPontiac was killed by an assassin, in 1769, near the pres-\\ntown of Cahokia, Illinois.\\nNAVAL BATTLE ON LAKE ERIE.\\n1 8 13, September loth, the hostile fleets of Great Britain\\nand the United States, on Lake Erie, met near the head of\\nthe Lake, and a sanguinary battle ensued. The British\\nfleet consisted of six vessels, carrying sixty-four guns,\\nunder command of the veteran Commodore Barclay; and\\nthe fleet of the United States consisted of nine vessels,", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "42 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ncarrying fifty-four guns, under command of the young and\\nbrave Commodore Oliver H. Perry. The result of this im-\\nportant conflict was made known to the world in the follow-\\ning laconic dispatch, written at 4 P.M. of that day:\\nDear General: We have met the enemy, and they are\\nours: Two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop.\\nWith esteem, etc., O. H. Perry.\\nGen. William H. Harrison.\\nFIRST UPPER -LAKE STEAMBOAT.\\n1818. The Walk-in-thc-Water, built at Black Rock,\\nmaking her first trip in summer of 18 18, was the first steam-\\nboat of the lakes above Niagara; the Ontario of Lake\\nOntario was earlier, having commenced running in spring\\nof 1 8 17; yet Lake Champlain had a steamboat earlier still.\\nBut of the W alk-in-the- Water we were going to say, that\\nher engine was not powerful enough to take her from the\\nwharf at Black Rock, up the rapids to the lake; so a dozen\\nyokes or so of oxen were employed to assist; this aid,\\nCaptain Rodgers, according to Schoolcraft, who took pas-\\nsage on the boat, called the horned breezed\\nTHE LOCATION OF ST. IGNATIUS MISSION.\\nWe find the following in Chicago Antiquities\\nElizabeth, N. J., April 15, 1877.\\nDear Sir:\\nThough it is more than twenty years since I first wrote, I have\\nnever yet been able to identify the various positions which the\\nMission of St. Ignatius assumed at Mackinac. The vagueness\\nand uncertainty continue.\\n1672 Map in Relation shows it on N. Shore.\\n1673 Marquette s map shows it on the Island.\\n1688 LaHontan s map shows MVn on Mainland N.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 43\\n1692 LeClereq s map shows MVn on Mainland N.\\n1703 DeLisle s.map shows M s n on Mainland N.\\n1 7 18 DeLisle s map shows part on Isl d and part on Mainl d N.\\n1 744 Charlevoix s map shows it on S. Shore,\\n1760 Jeffrey s map shows old Mission on N. Shore, St. Ignace\\non S. Shore.\\n1 761 Parkman s map in Pontiac shows M. on S. Shore.\\nThe original mission seems to have been on the northern\\nshore, map in Rel 1672; or perhaps on island, Marquette s map.\\nTransferred to northern shore between 1673 and 1688; on N.\\nshore till 1700. Restored on S. shore by Louvigney 17 12. The\\nmission on the island seems to have been casual. The mission\\nbegan N. of lake, but after the restoration of post was begun in\\n17 1 2 S. of strait. Yours Truly,\\nH. H. HuRLEUT, Esq., J. G. SHEA.\\nChicago, Illinois.\\nThere is a possibility that Father Marquette set out from what\\nis now known as Point St. Ignace, on his voyage to the Missis-\\nsippi, in the spring of 1673. ^^^^P drawn by his own hand\\ntoday in St. Mary s College, Montreal (fac-similes of which are\\nprobably familiar to the reader) was no doubt drawn while he\\nremained at the mission of St. Xavier, near Green Bay, from the\\nautumn of 1673 to that of 1674. On that map, the mission of St.\\nIgnace is located on the Island of Mackinac. Marquette never\\nin life returned to the Straits after the month of May, 1673.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nNAMES, FORMERLY APPLIED TO SOME OF\\nTHE WESTERN LAKES AND RIVERS, ETC.\\n[From Chicago Antiquities.\\nLake Ontario. Champlain called it Lac St. Louis\\nCount de Frontenac, in 1674, called it Ontario on San-\\nson s map, 1679, it appears Ontario on Lac de St. Lonis\\nit had also the name Frontenac Hennipin called it On-\\ntario or Frontenac Tonti and Father Membre call it Lake\\nFrontenac r on De LTsle s maps, 1700, 1703, it appears\\nLac Ontario; the English on claiming dominion called\\nit Kataraqui or Ontario; Mitchell s map gives it On-\\ntario or Catarakni\\nLake Eric.^T\\\\\\\\\\\\^ name, says Mr. Baldwin, was derived\\nfrom the tribe of Fries, on the south shore; the same tribe\\nwas also called the Cat nation, whence the lake had some-\\ntimes the alias The Cat, Fells Dn Chat! Senex in 17 19,\\ncalled it also Cadaraqua, the name sometimes given to\\nOntario; Washington s Journal, Mitchell, and Pownal called\\nit Okswego Hennepin called it Erie, and also Conty;\\nand Sanson s map, 1679, gives Frie Lac; somewhere\\nwe have seen it Lac Teiocha-rontiong, dit conimnnenient\\nLac Erie; Membre called it de Co7ity De L Isle s\\nmaps give it Lac Erie!\\nLake Huron. This lake was named des Hnrons from\\nthe tribe of Indians of that name; somewhere it appears\\nLac Huron, on Mer Douce des Htirons; Champlain called\\nit Mer Douce; Father Membre, as well as Hennepin,\\ncalled it Lake Orleans; De L Isle maps, 1703, 17 18,\\ngive it Lac Huron oil Michigane on his map of 1700, it\\nappears L. des Hurons; Coxe, in 172 1, called it Huron\\nor ICaregnondi or the deep lake; Washington s Journal, in\\n1754, has Quatoghi or Httrons", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF WESTERN LAKES AND RIVERS. 45\\nLake Superior. Champlain applied Grand Lac to\\nwhat is supposed to be this lake; Marquette s map gives\\nit ^Lac Superieiir on de Tracy; Hennepin called it Lake\\nConde; on De L Isle s maps it is Lac Siiperieur on\\nSenex s map, 1719, and Coxe s, of 172 1, appears Nadoiies-\\nsiaiisT\\nLake Michigan. Father Marquette, Dablon, LaSalle,\\nand others called it the lake of the Ilinois; Claude\\nAllouez, journeying in 1676, reached this lake on the eve\\nof St. Joseph, and said we gave it the name of that great\\nSaint, and shall henceforth call it Lake St. Joseph; but\\nShea says that Allouez was the first to give it the name of\\nLake Machihiganijig somewhere we have seen it given\\nLac Mitchiganong on des Ilinois; LaSalle and Father\\nMembre call it Lake Danphin; St. Cosme called it\\nMiesitgan, and also Missigan Marest (says Shea)\\nwas one of the first to call Lake Michigan by that name;\\nCoxe called it Lake of the lilinonecks.\\nLake St. Clair. Somewhere we have seen it termed\\nTziketo, ou L^ac de la Chandiere; Hennepin wrote it St.\\nClare (as by the translation); on the map of De L Isle, of\\n1700, it is L. de Ste. Claire; on his maps of 1703 and\\n171 8, it appears Lac GanatcJiio on Ste. Claire. Shea says,\\n*the name is commonly written St Clair, but this is incor-\\nrect; we should either retain the French form Claire, or\\ntake the English Clare. It received its name in honor of\\nthe founder of the Franciscan nuns, from the fact that\\nLaSalle reached it on the day consecrated to her.\\nMississippi River. One or more of the outlets of this\\nriver was discovered in the year 15 19, by the Spanish\\nofficer, Don Alonzo Alvarez Pineda, in the service of de\\nGaray, Governor of Jamaica, and who survej^ed a great\\npart of the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico; he\\nnamed the river Rio del Espiritu Santo or the River of", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "46 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe Holy Ghost. It was known to De Soto by that name,\\nbeing inscribed on the maps and charts of the day. De\\nSoto named it EL Rio Grande del Florida, which name\\nwas long used in Spanish histories. Marquette gave it the\\nname de la Conception and which appears on his map;\\nhe also used the name Missipi. The Indian name, it is\\nsaid, was Meechacebe LaSalle, Membre, Hennepin, and\\nDouay called it the Colbert; Joutel said the Indians\\ncalled it MeecJiassippi; but //r called it the Colbert or\\nMississippi on De LTsle s map it is Mississippi and\\nS. Lonis the name Chncagua is a name that has also\\nbeen sometimes applied to it, also those of Sassagoida\\nand Malabanchia; AUouez first speaks of it as Messipi\\nand again as the Messi-sipi; St. Cosme calls it Micis-\\nsipi. Henry de Tonty made a map of the Mississippi,\\nand to some extent the region of the country along its\\nbanks; but we are not aware that it has ever been pub-\\nlished, or if the original or a copy is in existence.\\nMissouri River. Marquette called it the Pekitanoili\\nmeaning muddy water; the RecoUets called it the River\\nof Ozages Membre called it the Ozage; on De LTsle s\\nmaps, 1703, 17 18, it is le Missouri oil de R. Pekitanoni;\\nCoxe called it Yellozv River or River of the Massorites.\\nArkansas River. Marquette first called it Akansea;\\nSt. Cosme and Montigny call it Akanseas; on De LTsle s\\nmap, of 1 7 18, it is Riv. des Arkansas oil Tonti\\nRed River of La. It is called by LaSalle the Sablon-\\niere; on De LTsle s map, of 171 8, it is called Riv. RoiLge\\non Sablonier.\\nOhio River. Marquette called the lower Ohio Onabous-\\nkigou; Joutel called it Doilo or AbacJia from the mouth\\nof the Ohio to the Wabash and up that stream was gener-\\nally known as the Ouabache so it was called by Membre,\\nSt. Cosme, LaHontan, and others; above the mouth of", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF WESTERN LAKES AND RIVERS. 4/\\nthe Wabash, the Ohio was more particularly known as.\\nOhio on Belle Riviere, so the river is called on De L Isle s.\\nmap, 1703, on that of 1718 appears Riv. d. Ouabache ott\\nde S. Jerome; on some old maps it appears Ohio or Fair\\nRiver! The English (says Mr. Baldwin) were more in-\\nclined to extend the name Alleghany down that river.\\nEvans, in 1755, calls it Ohio or Alleghany or La Belle;\\nthe Shawnees called the Ohio Palaw The piki; Mitchell\\ncalled the river the Ohio or Splawcipiki; in 1790, Mr.\\nBurnett called it the Oahiya.\\nIllifiois River. Marquette speaks of it, but gave it no-\\nname; on Franquelin s map it appears Riviere des Ilinois\\nOH Macopins; LaSalle called it the Seignlai; Fathers.\\nHennepin and Membre the Seignelay Dablon not only\\napplied to one of the upper branches of the Illinois (the\\nDesplaines) the name St. Loitis but to the continuation,\\nthe Illinois itself; Coxe called it the CJiicagott De\\nL Isle s map, of 1718, and others, give it Riv. des Ilinois\\nLake Peoria. Marquette calls it Pewarea; on Fran-\\nquelin s map it is L. de Pimiteau; on one or more of De\\nL Isle s maps it is Lac Pimitoui\\nDes Plaines River. It is generally written Desplaines\\nthough some insist that Atix Plaines is the more correct\\nterm. It is understood to receive its name from a variety\\nof maple, which the Canadians call Plaine. Sometimes\\nthe name appears Des Planes and Plcin as well as\\nAux Pleinsy Prof Keating said the Pottawatomies\\ntermed it the Sheshikinaoshike Sepe. LaSalle, in 1680,\\ncalled the Desplaines the Divine River; Membre and\\nCharlevoix did the same. LaSalle afterward, however,\\ncalled it the Chccagou Dablon called it St. Louis\\nRiver including, perhaps, the continuation, the Illinois;\\nFranquelin s map, 1684, gives it Peanghichia The river\\nwas formerly, and not unfrequently, called the Chicagou;\\nsee De L Isle s map, 1718, and D Anville s, 1755.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nChicago, and River, Marquette called W Portage River;\\nLaSalle applies the name Cliecago to this locality, but his\\nChecago River was generally the Desplaines Franquelin s\\nmap, 1684, gives to this locality or river the name of\\nCheagouineiiian, and to another stream R. Chekagoti;\\nTonty, in 1685, says that he arrived at the Fort of CJie-\\ncagoiL Joutel, as we see by the translation, gives Chica-\\ngo;/, but probably it is a typographical error. St. Cosme,\\nas by Mr. Shea, calls its Chikagou, Chicagu, Chicaqwl\\nand also C dcagST LaHontan, 1703, has it Chegakoti!\\nThe name, in former times, was often applied to the Des-\\nplaines River; the name Divine River, generally given\\nto the Desplaines, was sometimes applied indiscriminately\\nto both the Chicago and the Desplaines. Mr. Barry once\\nreferred to a map of Reineckes, published at Weimar, 1704,\\nin which Fort CJiicagoir is named. Senex, i/io, gives it\\nChecagou; De L Isle s maps have it both Checagoir as\\nwell as Chicagou; Moll, 1720, presents it Chekakoii\\nCharlevoix, CJiicagour It is called C/iicagoiix in an\\nearly French memoir. Col. De Peyster speaks of it as\\nEschecagoic, and again as Eschicagoic, a river and Fort\\nat the head of Lake Michigan. Popple s atlas, 1733, has\\nit Fort Mianiis on Oiiamis Mitchell, 1755, and Port\\nChicago^ and Sayer Bennett s map, 1797, says Point\\nChicago River! Prof. Keating, in Long s Expedition, 1823,\\nspeaks of the north branch as Gary River; Gurdon S.\\nHubbard told us that it (the north branch) used to be\\nknown as Guarie River, from a trader of that name,\\nwho, somewhat more than a hundred years ago, lived on\\nthe west bank of the north branch, his buildings being\\nlocated about where Lidiana Street is now.\\nCaliunet River. On some old maps it appears Ken-\\nnoniekon; at a later day it was often written Calamick\\nand also Calamink! The Big Calumet was called by the\\nIndians, says Prof. Keating, Keno7nokonky", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "NAMES OF WESTERN LAKES AND RIVERS. 49\\nKankakee River. Charlevoix wrote it Theakiki and\\nsaid the Indians -incorrectly pronounced it Kiakiki. De\\nL Isle map, 17 18, gives Huakiki and same stream lower\\ndown, R. de Macopinr Gov. Ninian Edwards called it\\nQuin-qtie-qice!\\nSt. Joseph River, Mich. Tonty called it Miamis River;\\nMembre the My amis T\\nMaumee River. It has frequently been called the\\nMiami of the Lake; Mr. Burnett, in 1790, called it the\\nAumies, sometimes the Mies.\\nSandiLsky Bay. The Indian name was San-doos-tee\\nor, as sometimes given, Sa-uit-dics-tce meaning the cold\\nzuater, or water within water-pools. On De L Isle s map,\\n1 718, it appears Lac San-dou-ske; Mr. Burnett, in 1787,\\ncalled it St. Tuskey\\nSaginaw Bay. On De L Isle s map, 1703, 1718, it ap-\\npears Baye de Sagiiina and Baye Sagninam; Coxe\\ncalled it the Sakinam.\\nPatterson s Point. A rocky point of land on the north\\nshore of Lake Michigan, some sixty miles from Mackinac,\\nis or was formerly so-called, from the fact that Mr. Charles\\nPatterson, one of the principal members of the Northwest\\nFur-Company, with all his crew, was there drowned about\\nthe year 1788.\\nMarquette River. On De L Isle s map, 1703, it is R.\\nMarquet; as per Charlevoix, it was River Marquette\\nor River of the Black Robe\\nIsle Royal, Lake Sttperior. De L Isle s maps, 1700, 1703,\\nit appears I Monong; Coxe calls it Minong\\nMichilimackiuac. Marquette called it Michilimaki-\\niiong; Hennepin and Membre speak of it as Missili-\\n7nakinak; Joutel called it Micilimaquinay on De\\nL Isle s map, of 1703, appears Isle et Habitation de Mis-\\nsilimakinac.\\n4", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "50 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nGreen Bay. Marquette called it Bay of the Fetid T\\nHennepin and Membre did the same. Marquette says the\\nIndians called it Salt Bay; St. Cosme called it Bay oj\\nPiiantsr on De L Isle s maps, 1700, 1718, it appears\\nBaye des Ptians; sometimes it was called Le Grand\\nBale; Mr. Burnett, in 1798, called it Z^ bay\\nMilwaukee River. Membre calls it Melleoki; St-\\nCosme termed it Mehvarik; on De L Isle s map, of 17 18\\nit appears Melleki.\\nFox River of Illinois. Joutel, on his map, gives it Pe~\\ntescoiiy St. Cosme calls it Pistrui; Charlevoix calls it\\nPisticoni; it was sometimes called Pistaka and Bes-\\ntikwi.\\nWisconsin River. Father Marquette called it the Mes-\\nconsing; Hennepin quotes the Indians as calling it the\\nOnsconsin or Misconsin Membre called it the Mis-\\nconcing St. Cosme, the Wesconsin, We think Gov. Doty,\\none of the Territorial governors, used to insist on the name\\nbeing written Wiskonsan; but the mode was unpopular\\nand, if we remember rightly, the Legislature irrevocably\\nestablished the form of its orthography as Wisconsin!", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN FUR-COiMPANY. 5 1\\nTHE American fur-company.\\nTo notice slightly the origin of the American Fur-Com-\\npany, we will say that John Jacob Astor, a German by\\nbirth, who arrived in New York in the year 1784, com-\\nmenced work for a bakery owned by a German acquaint-\\nance, and peddled cakes and doughnuts about- the city.\\nHe was afterward assisted to open a toy shop, and this was\\nfollowed by trafficking for small parcels of furs in the\\ncountry towns, and which led to his future operations in\\nthat line.\\nMr. Astor s great and continued success in that branch\\nof trade induced him, in 1809, to obtain from the New- York\\nLegislature a charter incorporating The American Fur-\\nCompany, with a capital of a million dollars. It is under-\\nstood that Mr. Astor comprised the Company, though other\\nnames were used in its organization. In 181 1, Mr. Astor,\\nin connection with certain partners of the old Northwest\\nFur-Company (whose beginning was in 1783, and perma-\\nnently organized in 1787), bought out the association of\\nBritish merchants known as the Mackinac Company, then\\na strong competitor in the fur-trade. This Mackinac Com-\\npany, with the American Fur-Company, was merged info\\na new association, called the Southwest Fur-Company.\\nBut in 18 1 5, Mr. Astor bought out the Southwest Com-\\npany, and the American Fur-Company came again to the\\nfront. In the winter of 18 15-16, Congress, through the\\ninfluence of Mr. Astor, it is understood, passed an act\\nexcluding foreigners from participating in the Indian trade.\\nIn 18 17-18, the American Fur-Company brought a large\\nnumber of clerks from Montreal, and the United States,\\nto Mackinac, some of whom made good Indian-traders,\\nwhile many others failed upon trial and were discharged.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "52\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nAmong those who proved their capabiHty was Gurdon S,\\nHubbard, Esq., then a youth of sixteen, the earUest resident\\nof Chicago now Hving there. He was born in Windsor, Vt.,\\nin 1802, and his parents were EHzur and Abigail (Sage)\\nHubbard. His paternal emigrant ancestor was George\\nHubbard, who was at Wethersfield, Ct., in 1636. Mr.\\nHubbard is also a lineal descendant of the clergyman-\\nGovernor Gurdon Saltonstall (named for Brampton Gur-\\ndon, the patriot M. P., whose daughter was the grandmother\\nof the Governor), who was the great-grandson of Sir\\nRichard Saltonstall, the firm and efficient friend of early\\nNew England.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN FUR- COMPANY. 53\\nWe need, therefore, merely add here that Mr. Hubbard\\nleft Montreal, where his parents then lived, May 13, 18 18,\\nreaching Mackinac, July 4th, and first arrived at Chicago\\non the last day of October or first day of November of that\\nyear. In 1828, he purchased of the Fur Company their\\nentire interest in the trade of Illinois.\\nWe are indebted to Mr. Hubbard for the following,\\nrelating to the American Fur-Company:\\nHaving entire charge of the management of the company in\\nthe West, were Ramsey Crooks and Robert Stuart. To William\\nMatthews was intrusted fhe engaging of voyageurs and clerks in\\nCanada, with his headquarters in Montreal. The voyageurs he\\ntook from the habitants (farmers); young, active, athletic men were\\nsought for, indeed, none but such were engaged, and they passed\\nunder inspection of a surgeon. Mr. M. also purchased at Mon-\\ntreal such goods as were suited for the trade, to load his boats.\\nThese boats were the Canadian batteaux, principally used in those\\ndays in transferring goods to upper St. Lawrence River and its\\ntributaries, manned by four oarsmen and a steersman, capacity\\nabout six tons. The voyageurs and clerks were under indentures\\nfor a term of five years. Wages of voyageurs, $100, clerks from\\n$120 to $500 per annum. These were all novices in the business;\\nthe plan of the company was to arrange and secure the services\\nof old traders and their voyageurs, who, at the (new) organization\\nof the company were in the Indian country, depending on their\\ninfluence and knowledge of the trade with the Indians; and as\\nfast as possible secure the vast trade in the West and Northwest,\\nwithin the district of the United States, interspersing the novices\\nbrought from Canada so as to consolidate, extend, and monopo-\\nlize, as far as possible, over the country, the Indian trade. The\\nfirst two years they had succeeded in bringing into their employ\\nseven-eighths of the old Indian-traders on the Upper Mississippi,\\nWabash, and Illinois Rivers, Lakes Michigan and Superior, and\\ntheir tributaries as far north as the boundaries of the United\\nStates extended. The other eighth thought that their interest was", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "54 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nto remain independent; toward such, the company selected their\\nbest traders, and located them in opposition, with instructions so\\nto manage by underselling to bring them to terms.\\nAt Mackinac, the trader s brigades were organized, the com-\\npany selecting the most capable trader to be the manager of his\\nparticular brigade, which consisted of from five to twenty hatteaux,\\nladen with goods. This chief or manager, when reaching the\\ncountry allotted to him, made detachments, locating tradhig-\\nhouses, with districts clearly defined, for the operations of that\\nparticular post, and so on, until his ground was fully occupied by\\ntraders under him, over whom he had absolute authority.\\nWe will here allude to Mr. Aster s attempt to establish\\nan American emporium for the fur-trade at the mouth ot\\nthe Columbia River, which enterprise failed, through the\\ncapture of Astoria by the British in 1814, and the neglect\\nof our Government to give him protection. The withdrawal\\nof Mr. Astor from the Pacific coast, left the Northwest Fur-\\nCompany to consider themselves the lords of the country.\\nThey did not long enjoy the field unmolested, however.\\nA fierce competition ensued between them and their old\\nrivals, the Hudson s-Bay Company, which was carried on\\nat great cost and sacrifice, and, occasionally, with the loss\\nof life. It ended in the ruin of most of the partners of the\\nNorthwest Company, and merging of the relics of that\\nestablishment, in 1821, in the rival association.\\nRamsey Crooks was a foremost man in the employ of Mr. Astor\\nin the fur-trade, not only in the east, but upon the western coast,\\nand has been called the adventurous Rocky-Mountain trader.\\nIntimately connected, as Mr. Crooks was, with the American Fur-\\nCompany, a slight notice of him will not be out of place. Mr.\\nCrooks was a native of Greenock, Scotland, and was employed as\\na trader, in Wisconsin, as early as 1806. He entered the service\\nof Mr. Astor in 1809. In 181 3, he returned from his three years\\njourney to the western coast, and in 181 7 he joined Mr. Astor as", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "THE AMERICAN FUR -COMPANY. 55\\na partner, and, for four or five years ensuing, he was the com-\\npany s Mackinac agent, though residing mostly in New York.\\nMr. Crooks continued a partner until 1830, when this connection\\nAvas dissolved and he resumed his place with Mr. Astor in his\\nformer capacity. In 1834, Mr. Astor, being advanced in years,\\nsold out the stock of the company, and transferred the charter to\\nRamsey Crooks and his associates, whereupon Mr. C. was elected\\npresident of the company. Reverses, however, compelled an\\nassignment in 1842, and with it the death of the American Fur-\\nCompany. In 1845, Crooks opened a commission house, for\\nthe sale of furs and skins, in New-York City. This business,\\nwhich was successful, Mr. C. continued until his death. Mr.\\nCrooks died in New York, June 6, 1859, in his 73d year.\\nWashington Irving, in his Astoria, gives a graphic\\naccount of the occasional meetings of the partners, agents,\\nand employes of the old Northwest Fur-Company, at\\nMontreal and Fort William, where they kept high days\\nand nights of wassail and feasting; of song and tales oi\\nadventure and hair-breadth escapes. But of those lavish\\nand merry halls of the old Northwest, we need suggest\\nno comparison with the Agency dwelling of the American\\nFur-Company at Mackinac, where the expenses charged\\nfor the year 1821 were only $678.49. In that account, how-\\never, we notice the following entries* 313^ gallons Teneriffe\\nWine; 4^ gallons Port Wine; 10 gallons best Madeira;\\nyo}4 gallons Red Wine; 9 gallons Brandy; one barrel flour.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "56 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nPRIESTS.\\nThe following missionary priests have served in the\\nRoman Catholic Church at Michilimacinac.\\nThe dates set opposite their names indicate the first and\\nlast years of their visits. Most of them made only occa-\\nsional visits, having other parishes in their charge.\\nFormerly the Church was at Old Fort Michilimacinac,\\nbut followed the Fort to the Island. The first church on\\nthe Island was in the Old Cemetery on Astor Street.\\nThere has been a church at St. Ignace for a number of\\nyears.\\nIn this list the three places are treated as one.\\n1741-52\\n1742-65\\n1742-44\\n1753-61\\n1768-75\\n1786-87\\nRev. Father J. B. Lamosinie, S. J.\\nRev. Father R Dujaunay, S. J.\\nRev. Father C. G. Coquarz, S. J.\\nRev. Father M. L. Lefranc, S. J.\\nRev. Father Gibault, Vic.-Gen l Mis. of Illinois.\\nRev. Father Payet.\\n1794. Rev. Father Ledru. Dominican.\\n1796. Rev. Father Levadoux, Vic.-Gen l of Baltimore.\\n1 799-1823. Rev. G. Richard, Curate of St. Anne, of Detroit,\\nand Vicar-General.\\n1804. Rev. Father J. Dilhet.\\n1 816-18. Rev. Father Joseph Crevier.\\n1825-27. Rev. Father F. V. Badin.\\n1827-30. Rev. Father P. J. Dejan.\\n1830-33. Rev. Father Sam Mazzuchelli.\\n1833. Rev. Father J. Lostrie.\\n1S33-34. Rev. Father F. Hatscher. Redempt.\\n1834-38. Rev. Father F. J. Bonduel.\\n1838-43. Rev. Father S. Santilli.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "MISSIONARY PRIESTS. 57\\n1843-45. Rev. Father C. Skolla.\\n1845. ^ev. Father H. Van Renterghem.\\n1S46-48. Rev. Father A. D. Piret.\\n1852. Rev. Father F. Pierz.\\n1854-57. Rev. Father E. L. M. Jahan.\\n1858-61. Rev. Father P. B. Murray.\\n1867. Rev. Father H. L. Chiele.\\n1868. Rev. Father C. Maguire.\\n1868-71. Rev. Father M. Orth.\\n1869-70. Rev. Father P. S. Zorn.\\n1870-71. Rev. Father N. L. Sifferath.\\n1 87 1. Rev. Father C. Vary.\\n1 87 1. Right Rev. Ignatius Mrack. Bishop.\\n1871-72. Rev. Father L. B. Lebouc.\\n1872-73. Rev. Father M. Mainville.\\n1873-80. Rev. Father E. Jacker.\\n1873-78. Rev. Father W. Dwyer.\\n1878-79. Rev. Father J. Braun.\\n1879-81. Rev. Father John Kenny.\\n1880-81. Rev. Father C. A. Richards.\\n1881. Very Rev. P. Bonaventure. Pro v. Cap. Order.\\n1881-82. Rev. Father KiUan Haas. O. M. Cap.\\n1881-82. Rev. Father Isidore Handtmann. O. M. Cap.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "58 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nMARRIED AT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\nWhere the names of the same parties appear under\\ndifferent dates tJic first date indicates the civil marriage\\nor contract. The speUing of the names has been Hterally\\nfollowed\\n1725, 2d August.\\n1 Pierre Parant and Marianne Chaboiller.\\n1725, 6th August.\\n2 Jean Couchois and\\n1726, 6th January.\\nGabriel Bolon and Susanne Menard.\\n1729, 30th October.\\nAntoine Menard and\\n1 73 1, 13th September.\\n5 Augustin de L anglade and Donitelle Villeneuve.\\nWidow of Villeneuve.\\n1-735, 1 8th April.\\n6 Antoine Grignon and Anne Villeneuve.\\nDaughter of Madame Donitelle Villeneuve (now L anglade).\\n1735, 2 2d September.\\n7 Charles Chaboiller and Marianne Chevalier.\\n1736, 2d October.\\n8 Claude Germain Gautier and Therese Villeneuve,\\ni737 7th January.\\n9 Michel Rocherau and Marie Tiennote.\\n1837, 30th September.\\n10 Jean du Ligne and Marie Angelique.\\n1738, 17th July\\n1 1 Pierre Grignon and Marguerite Chevalier.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "MARRIED AT MICHILIMACKINAC. 59\\n1738, 20th September.\\n12 Frangois Boisghuilbert and Agathe Villeneiive.\\nDaughter of Madame Villeneuve (now I. anglade).\\n1739, 2ist July.\\n13 Pierre Locat and Marie Josephe Chevalier.\\n1 741, 13th August.\\n14 Jean Baptiste Gendron and Marie Judith.\\n1 741, 30th August.\\n15 Joseph Hains and Constante Chevallier.\\nMaster-Mechanic at Fort Michilimackinac.\\n1744, 13th August.\\n16 Rene Bourrassa and Charlotte Veronique Chevalier.\\nSon of Rene and Magadelaine Bourrassa, of Montreal.\\nDaughter of Jean Bte. and Manon (Lavoine) Chevalier.\\n1746,\\n17 Jean Baptiste Jourdain and Reaume.\\n1747, 7th February.\\n18 Pierre Pelletier and Frangoise Parant.\\nSon of Pierre and Charlotte (Arnand) Pelletier.\\nDaughter of Pierre and Marianne (Chaboiller) Parant.\\n1747, ist July.\\n19 Charles Personne and Susanne Reaume.\\nSon of Nicholas and Madaline (Lafevre) Personne, of Montreal\\nDaughter of Jean Bte. Reaume, of La Baie.\\n1 7 17, 2 2d July.\\n20 Jean Baptiste Tellier and Marie Josephe.\\n1747, 5th September.\\n21 Joseph Guillon and Louise Bolon.\\nDaughter of Gabriel and Susanne (Menard) Bolon.\\n1748, 4th February.\\n22 Charles Hamelin and Marie Athanaise.\\n1748, 7 th July.\\n23 Jean Baptiste Jutras and Marie Catherine I Archeveque.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "60 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1748, 2d August.\\n24 Jacques Bariso and Marie Joseph Esther I Archeveque.\\n1749, 30th August.\\n25 Jean Manian I Esperance and La Rose.\\n1749, 13th October.\\n26 Joseph Victor Couvret and Marie Charlotte.\\n1750, I st February.\\n27 Poncelet Batillo Clermont and Frangois (Cardinal) LaCroix.\\nA soldier, son of Jean and Marguerite (Pierrot) Batillo,\\nBishopric of Treves.\\nWidow of Pierre Hubert LaCroix, of Lachine.\\n1750, }st February.\\n28 Jean Baptiste la Fievre and Frangois Hubert LaCroix.\\n1757, nth January.\\n29 Charles Chanteloup and Agathe Amoit.\\nSon of Frangois Charles and Mathe Chauteloup, of Montreal.\\nDaughter of Jean Bte. Ambrose Amiot.\\n1 75 1, 6th July.\\n30 Fran^oise Louis Cardin and Marie Constante (Chevalier)\\nHains.\\nA soldier. Widow of Joseph Hains.\\n1751, 25th July.\\n31 Joseph Relle and Charlotte Parant.\\n1752, 4th June.\\n32 Estienne Chesnier and Ann Therese Esther Chevalier.\\n1752, 6th July.\\nJean Brian and Frangoise\\n1753, 29th January.\\n34 Joseph d Aillebout and Marianne Parant.\\nDaughter of See No. i.\\n1753, 1 6th July.\\n35 Antoine Tellier and Charlotte Migsanonjean.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "MARRIED AT MICHILIMACKINAC. 6 1\\n1754, 2d July.\\n^6 Michel Girardin and Marie Hyppolite Favre.\\n1754, 1 2th August.\\n37 Charles Moras de Langlade and Charlotte Ambroisine\\nBourassa.\\n1754, 15th August.\\n38 Jean Baptiste Reaume and Maria.\\nInterpretor at La Baie.\\n1754, 30th November.\\n39 Charles and Marie\\nCharles a Slave of Mr. Bourrassa.\\nMarie a Slave of Mr. Langlade, Jr.\\n1755, 25th May.\\n40 Francois Brisbe and Marianne d Aiilebout.\\nA Sergeant of Garrison of Michilimackinac; son of Frangois\\nand Marie Brisbe, of Gonneville, Lower Normondy.\\nMarianne (Parant) de Aillebout, widow of Joseph de Aillebout,\\nEsq.\\n1755, 1 8th August.\\n41 Nicolas Aniiot and Susanne Nouvellant.\\n1756, 28th February.\\n42 Jean Baptiste Cadot and Anastasie\\n1756, 27 April.\\n43 Charles Faulteux and Frangoise Amiot.\\n1756, loth May.\\n44 Claude Pelle and Marie\\nDaughter of Neskes, granddaughter of KinonchameL\\n1757, 19th July.\\n45 Jean Baptiste Metivier and Josette Chaboillez.\\n1758, 2ist May.\\n46 Pierre le Due and Agathe Villeneuve.\\n1758, 2ist May.\\n47 Jacques Gaillard and Marianne Jebean.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "62 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1758, 1 6th July.\\n48 Michel Rocherau and Marie Tiennote.\\n1758, 24th July.\\n49 Jean Eaptiste Marcot and Marie Neskech.\\n1758, 6th August.\\n50 Jean Cotenoir and Marie\\n1760, 17th January.\\n5 1 Michel Boyer and Josette Marguerite Dulignon.\\n1 761, 13th July.\\n52 Pierre Dupre and Marie Josephe Carignan.\\n1762, 1 6th August.\\n53 Constant Kerigou, Jr., and Angelique Metivier.\\n1763, 25th July.\\n54 Michel Joseph Marchettant and Therese Parant^\\nDaughter of See No. i.\\n1764, 4th May.\\n55 Jean Baptiste Couchois and Angelique Sejourne.\\n1765, 24th July.\\n56 Jean Baptiste Lebeau and Marie Josephe Jourdain^\\n1768, 25th July.\\n57 Gabriel Cote and Agathe Desjardin.\\n1768, 28th July.\\n58 Hyacinthe Hamelin and Marie Josephe Maingans.\\n1775^ 23d June.\\n59 Frangois Maurice Lafontaine and Marie Anne Cardin.\\n1775, 6th October.\\n60 Joseph Ainsse and Therese Bondy.\\nSon of See No. 15.\\nDaughter of Joseph and Cecile (Campeau) Bondy, of Detroit.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "MARRIED AT MICHILIMACKINAC. 65,\\n1779, I St January.\\n61 Charles Gaiitier and Magdelaine Chevalier.\\nLieut.-Capitaine and King s Interpreter to the Savages at\\nMichilimackinac. Son of See No. 8.\\nDaughter of Louis Paschal and Magdelaine (Re aume) Chevalier.\\n1 781, 19th April.\\n62 Thomas Stone and Margaret Paterson.\\nDaughter of George Paterson, a soldier in the 8th Regiment.\\n1786, 20th July.\\n63 Charles Gautier and Magadelaine Chevalier.\\nSee Note of No. 61.\\n1786, 20th July.\\n64 Daniel Bourassa and Marguerite Bertrand.\\nSon of Rene and Ann (Chevalier) Bourrassa,\\nDaughter of Laurent and Marie (Dulignon) Bertrand.\\n1787, loth May.\\n65 William Aiken and Elizabeth McDonald.\\nOf Dumfries, Scotland; Bombadier in the 4th Battalion of the\\nRoyal Regiment of Artillery.\\nDaughter of John McDonald, late Sergeant in the 8th or\\nKing s Regiment of Foot.\\n1787, 8th August.\\n66 Pierre Grignon and Louise Donnitelle Langlade.\\nSon of Pierre and Marguerite (Chevalier) Grignon, of\\nGrondines, Quebec.\\nDaughter of Charles and Charlotte (Bourrassa) Langlade.\\n1787, 20 August.\\n67 Louis Hamelin and Josephte Legable.\\nSon of Charles and Arvaci Hamelin, of Montreal.\\n1 79 1, 15th November.\\n68 James M. Hamilton and Louisa Mitchell.\\nEnsign in the ist Regiment.\\nDaughter of David Mitchell, Esq.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "64 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1792, 2 1 St January.\\n69 Jean Baptiste Laborde and Marguerite Machar Chevalier.\\n1792, 19th March.\\n70 Alexis Laframboise and Josette Adh^nar.\\nBorn at Three Rivers, Canada; Son of Jean Bte. and Gene-\\nvieve (LaBissonniere) Laframboise.\\nDaughter of Antoine and Genevieve (Blondeau) Adhemar, of\\nDetroit.\\n1792, ist July.\\n7 1 Charles Chandonnet and Charlotte Marcot.\\nSee note to No. 102.\\n1794, 14th January.\\n72 Paul Gina and Marie Josephte.\\n1794, 6th February.\\n73 Jean Baptiste Lafontaine and Marguerite\\n1794, 25th June.\\n74 Jean Bonga and Jeanne\\nLiberated Negro Slaves of Captain Daniel Robertson. They\\nkept the first hotel on the Island of Mackinac, on Front Street,\\nwhere Overall s saloon now stands.\\n1794, 6th October.\\n75 Jean Baptiste Mineville and Charlotte\\n1795, 2 1 St September.\\n76 Joseph Laurent Bertrand and Felicite Carignant.\\nWidower of Marie Therese Dulignon.\\nWidow of Jean Louis Carignant, who was Notary Public and\\nSuperintendent of Navigation for Lake Michigan, and drowned at\\nMichilimackinac, 13th December, 1791.\\n1796, 29th July.\\n77 Alexis Laframboise and Josephe Adhemar.\\nSee Note of No. 70.\\n1796, 30th July.\\n78 Joseph Laurent Bertrand and Felicite (Fillet) Carignant.\\nSee Note of No. 76.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "MARRIED AT MICHILIMACKINAC. 65\\n1796, 8th August.\\n79 Michel Brisbois and Donnitelle Gautier.\\nSon of Joseph and Marguerite (Devault) Brisbois.\\nDaughter of Charles and Magdelaine (Chevalier) Gautier.\\n1796, 7th December.\\n80 Michel La Bruyere and Inacvois Kamoquoy.\\n1797, 2 ist January.\\n.81 Andre Charlebois and Josephe Hamelin.\\n1.798, 23d July.\\n.82 Isidore Pelletier and Sophie Soloman.\\n1799, 28th January.\\nS3 Andre Lachaine and Susanne J. Irebour.\\n1799, 1 6th May.\\n.84 Charles Maillet and Isabelle McDonald.\\n1799, 2 2d July.\\n^5 Pierre Lacroix and Marie McGulpin.\\nEldest son of Pierre and Therese (Lafranse) LaCroix. of Quebec.\\nYoungest daughter of Patrick and INIagdelaine Crequi\\nMcGulpin.\\n1799, 5th August.\\n86 Jacques Vasseur and Madeline\\nSon of Jacques and Madelaine Vasseur, of Montreal.\\n1800, 19th January.\\n87 Louis Hamelin and Marie Louise.\\n1800, 20th April.\\nSS Jacques Chauvin and Angelique\\n1800, 28th July.\\n89 Andre Sarrare and Irsule Mercier.\\n1800, 30th December.\\n90 Joseph Gautier and Louise LeVasseur.\\n1 80 1, 25th January.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a091 Francois Courtemanche and Magdelaine Waters.\\n5", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "66 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1 80 1 5 6th April.\\n92 Jean Baptiste Maiot and Marie Josephe Taillefer.\\n1 80 1, 1 8th October.\\n93 Stephen G. Hogan and Marie Vaillancour.\\nDaughter of, see note to No. 95.\\n1802, 17th August.\\n94 Guillaume Varin and Marguerite Bourassa.\\n1804, 1 8th February.\\n95 Charles Marly and Marie Josephe Vaillancourt.\\nDaughter of Joseph and Marie (Bourgois) Vaillancourt.\\nThe name of Joseph Vaillancourt suggests a little piece of local\\nhistory. The building that is now the Government granary was\\nused in early days as a storehouse. It was noticed that there\\nwas a larger percentage of shrinkage in a certain barrel of pork\\nthan is allowed even now by the Commissary-General. And that\\nwhen a change of level of the brine occurred, it took place during\\nthe night. A sharpened steel trap was prepared and anchored be-\\nneath the surface of the brine.\\nA day or two afterward, the brine presented a redish tinge, and\\na day or two later, the post-surgeon was called upon to complete\\nthe amputation of two fingers. No fees were charged, no ques-\\ntions asked, and no information volunteered as to who or what\\nbegan and left the operation unfinished.\\nJoseph Vaillancourt died June 13, 1845, ^g^^ 94 years.\\nCharles Marly died May 26, 1856, aged 78 years.\\n1804, 30th June.\\n96 Jean Baptiste Maiot and Marie Josephe Taillefer.\\n1804, ist July.\\n97 Joseph Gautier and Louise Vasseur.\\nSon of Nicholas and Marie (Champeau) Gautier.\\n1804, nth July.\\n98 Joseph T.aframboise and Magdelaine Marcot.\\nSon of Jean Bte. and Marguerite (La Bissoniere) Laframboise.\\nDaughter of See No. 49.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "MARRIED IN MICHILIMACKINAC. 6j\\nMagdelaine Laframboise died April 4, 1846, aged 66 years and\\n2 months.\\n1804, 1 2th July.\\n99 George Schindler and Therese Marcot.\\nSon of Jonas and Genevieve (Maranda) Schindler.\\nDaughter of See No. 49. Born, 1776.\\n1804, 13th July.\\n100 Jacques Jauvan and Angelique\\n1804, 13th July.\\n10 1 Frangois Grignon and Angelique Gravalle.\\n1804, 13th July.\\n102 Charles Chandonnet and Charlotte Marcot.\\nSon of Andre and Charles (Fichot) Chandonnet.\\nDaughter of See No. 49.\\nCharlotte Chandonnet died January 2, 1806, and was buried in\\nthe old Roman Catholic Cemetery on Astor Street.\\nMr. D. A. Winslow, in his historical sketch of Berrien County,\\ndescribes the death and burial of Charles Chandonnet as follows\\nDuring the war of 181 2, and in that year, John B. Chandonai\\nwas in the service of the United States, and was engaged in carry-\\ning dispatches from Detroit to Chicago. On one of his trips\\nfrom Chicago, in company with the elder Robert Forsythe, he\\nstopped near the mouth of St. Joseph River, and camped near\\nthe upper end of the Burnett orchard. His uncle, of the same\\nname, then stationed at Mackinac, that place being in the posses-\\nsion of the British, was sent by the commandant of that post,\\nwith a force of some thirty Indians in canoes, to intercept John\\nB. with the dispatches, and to take him prisoner to Mackinac.\\nThis force arrived in the night, and early in the morning his uncle\\ncalled on John B., and made known his business. John B. had\\na double-barrel gun in his hands, and told his uncle he should not\\ngo with him or be taken prisoner. He then drew a line on the\\nground, and told his uncle he must not cross it; but the uncle\\ndetermined on his victim, drew his sword and advanced. As he\\nstept over the line, he was shot dead by the nephew.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "68 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nThe report of the gun aroused the Indians, who went to John s\\ncamp. He met them as he did his uncle, and speaking their\\nlanguage, pointed to his uncle s dead body and to the dead line;\\nsaid he had shot his uncle to save his own life; that he was sorry\\nhe had to do it, but if taken prisoner, he himself would be killed;\\nthat he would not be taken alive, and the first one that attempted\\nto cross the line was a dead Indian. The Indians held a coun-\\ncil, and terms were agreed upon. The Indians were to have ten\\ngallons of whiskey the next morning, were to help John B. bury\\nhis uncle immediately, he and his traveling companion were to\\nbe allowed to depart in peace. Arrangements were made with\\nMr. Burnett, by which the Indians were to have the whiskey as\\nagreed upon. John B. buried his uncle on the hill back of his\\ncamp, and, after raising a cross over his grave, he and Mr. For-\\nsythe immediately departed for Detroit. The next morning, Mr.\\nBurnett gave the Indians the ten gallons of whiskey, and they\\nstarted for Mackinac.\\n1804, 1 6th July.\\n103 Andre Lachaine and Susanne Irbour.\\n1804, 1 6th July.\\n104 Jean Baptiste Bertrand and Marguerite\\n1804, 1 6th July.\\n105 Charles Marly and Joseph Vaillancourt.\\n1804, 1 6th July.\\n106 Paul Gina and Marie Josephte.\\n1804, 17th July.\\n107 Guillaume Varin and Marguerite Bourassa.\\n1808, 15th March.\\n108 John Dousman and Rosahe LaBorde.\\nEldest son of John and Catherine (Barckman) Dousman, of\\nPittsburg, Pa.\\nDaughter of Jean Bte. and Marguerite (Chevallier) LaBorde.\\n1 81 7, 31st July.\\n109 Francois Paget and Celeste Reed.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "MARRIED IN MICHILIMACKINAC. 69\\n182 1, nth August,\\nno William McGulpin and Madelaine Bourrassa.\\nEldest son of Patrick McGulpin.\\nEldest daughter of Daniel and Marguerite (Bertrand) Bourrassa.\\n1 82 1, 13th August.\\n1 1 1 Frangois Paget and Celeste Reed.\\n1 82 1, 13th August.\\n112 John Dousman and Rosalie LaBorde.\\nSee Note of No. to8.\\n1823, I St August.\\n113 Augustin Hamlin and Angelique Kiminitchawgan.\\nSon of Louis and Josephte Hamelin.\\nDaughter of Kiminitchaw and SichigikSa.\\n1834, 2d August.\\n1 14 Jean Baptiste Perault and Marianne Jeandron.\\nSon of Jean Baptiste and Catherine (Lafleur) Perault.\\nDaughter of Michel and Anobin Jeandron.\\nJean Baptiste Perault was a Canadian, who came to Mackinac\\nwhile quite young, and previous to the war of 18 12. He died\\nsome years ago, leaving no heirs here. There is a large and valu-\\nable property in Michigan awaiting the claiming of his relatives.\\nGenealogists will do well to look at their records. D. H. K.\\n1837, loth August.\\n1 1 5 Petrus Ains and Maria Anna Lazard.\\nDaughter of Antonie and Catharine Lazari.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "70 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nFRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS.\\nThe following-named officers were at Fort Michilimack-\\ninac on the dates given their names are the only ones (of\\nFrench and British officers) which appear in the old and\\nofficial records:\\n1742, 1 2th August.\\nMONS. DE BlAINVILLE,\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1 744, 6th January.\\nMONS. DE ViVEHEVET,\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1744, nth July.\\nDE Ramelia,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Nepigon.\\n1745, nth July, and 1747, 23d May.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0DUPLESSIS DE MORAMPONT,\\nKing s Commandant at Cammanettigsia.\\n1745, 25th August, and 1746, 29th June.\\nNOYELLE, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1745, 25 th August.\\nLouis de la Corne,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1747, 7th February, 20th June, and ist September.\\nMONS. DE NOYELLE, Jr.,\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1748, 28th February, 1749, irth March and 21st June.\\nMoNS. Jacques Legardeur de St. Pierre,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "FRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS. 7 1\\n1749, 27th January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1749, 29th August.\\nMONS. GODEFROY,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1750, 24th March, and 1752, 4th June.\\nMoNS. DuPLESSis Faber,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac,\\nKnight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis.\\n1 75 1, 8th October.\\nMoNS. DuPLESSis, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1752, 4th June.\\nMoNS. Beaujeu de Villemonde,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Camanitigousa.\\n1753, i8th July, and 1754, 15th August.\\nMoNS. Marin,\\nKing s Commandant, Post of La Baie.\\n1753, 18th July; 1754, 8th May; 1758, 23d Feb y, 29th June,\\ni6th July, and 17th Oct.; 1759, 30th Jan y,; 1760,\\n25th May and 8th September.\\nMoNS. DE Beaujeu de Villemonde,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michihmackinac.\\n1754, 8th July, and 1755, 25th May.\\nMoNS. Herein,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\ni755j 8th January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nKing s Commandant at the Sault", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "72 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1755. 24th August.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigni,\\nLieutenant of Infantry.\\n1756, 28th April.\\nCharles de L anglade,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1756, 19th June.\\nMoNS. Hertelle Beaubaffin,\\nKing s Commandant at\\n1756, 19th July.\\nMONS. COUTEROT,\\nLieutenant of Infantry.\\n1758, 2d July.\\nMONS. DE l aNGLADE,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1758, 13th July.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigni,\\nOfficer at Michilimackinac.\\n1774 to 1779.\\nA. S. De Peyster,\\nMajor Commanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1779 to 1782.\\nPatrick Sinclair,\\nMajor and Lieut-Governor,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1782 to 1787, loth May.\\nDaniel Robertson,\\nCaptain Commanding Michilimack and Dependencies.\\n1784, 31st July.\\nPhil. B. Fry,\\nEnsign 8th, or King s Regiment.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "FRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS. 75\\n1784, 31st July.\\nGeorge Clowes,\\nLieutenant 8th, or King s Regiment.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nEdward Charleton,\\nCaptain 5th Regiment Foot,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac.\\n1791, 15th November,\\nJ. M. Hamilton,\\nEnsign 5th Regiment Foot.\\nI 79 1, 15th November.\\nBenjamin Rocha,\\nLieutenant 5th Foot.\\n1 79 1, 15th November.\\nH. Headowe,\\nEnsign 5th Foot.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "74\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n,^^:r^ M^", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n75\\nAMERICAN OFFICERS.\\nThe following-named officers of the United States army\\nhave served at Fort Mackinac. The year of their arrival,\\ntheir acUial rank at that time, and the organization to\\nwhich they belonged are given:\\n1796. Henry Burbeck,\\nII Abner Prior,\\nII Ebenezer Massay,\\nII John Michael,\\nII Thomas Farley,\\n1 80 1. Thomas Hunt,\\n1802. Francis Le Barron,\\n1803. Josiah Dunham,\\nM Joseph Crass,\\n11 William Clark,\\n1807. Jonathan Eastman,\\nt8io. Porter Hanks,\\nII Archibald Darragh,\\nII Sylvester Day,\\n1815. Talbot Chambers,\\n18 16. John McNeil,\\n181 7. T. F. Thomas,\\nII A. T. Crow,\\nII John Greene,\\nMajor,\\nCaptain,\\nLieutenant,\\nLieutenant,\\nSurgeon s Mate,\\nLieut.-Colonel,\\nSurgeon s Mate,\\nCaptain,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2d II\\nISt II\\nISt II\\n2d II n\\nGarrison-Surgeon s Mate.\\nMajor, Rifles.\\nII 5th Infantry\\nist-Lieutenant, 3d n\\nHospital-Surgeon s Mate.\\nCaptain, 8th Infantry\\nist-Tvieutenant, ^d m\\nArtillerists Engrs.\\nist Infantry.\\nArtillerists Engrs.\\nist Infantry.\\nist Infantry.\\nArtillerists.\\nRegt. of Artillerists.\\nArtillerists.\\n11 Daniel Curtis,\\nII Benjamin K. Pierce, Captain, Corps Artillery.\\nM L. Taliaferro, ist-Lieutenant, 3d i\\nII John Sullivan Pierce, 2d n Corps Artillery.\\n1 8 18. E. Brooks, ist n 3d Infantry.\\nII G. S. Wilkins, ist n Corps Artillery.\\n18 1 9. J. P. Russell, Post-Surgeon.\\nII Joseph Gleason, ist-Lieutenant, 5th Infantry.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "^6\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1 8 19. William Lawrence,\\nLieut. -Colonel,\\n2d Infantry.\\nM W. S. Comstock,\\nSurgeon s Mate,\\n3d\\n11\\nP. T. January,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n3cl\\nII\\nJ. Peacock,\\n2d\\n3d\\n1,\\n1821. W. Beaumont,\\nPost-Surgeon.\\nn T. C. Legate,\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\nM E. Lyon,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n3d\\nII J. A. Chambers,\\n2d II\\n2d\\nII Joshua Barney,\\n2d\\n2d\\n1822. J. M. Spencer,\\nISt II\\n2d\\n1823. A. C. W. Fanning,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nII William Whistler,\\nII\\n3d Infantry.\\n.1 S. W. Hunt,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n3d\\nII\\nA. M. Wright,\\n2d II\\n3d\\nII\\nn G. H. Grossman,\\n2d II\\n6th\\nII\\n11 S. Gowan,\\n2d II\\n3d\\nII\\n1825. W\\\\ Hoffman,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nII\\nM R. S. Satterlee,\\nAssist.-Surgeon.\\n11 G. A. Waite,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nII\\nM Seth Johnson,\\nISt II\\n2d\\nII\\n1826. D. Brooks,\\n2d 11\\n2d\\nII\\nII A. R. Thompson,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nII\\n1827. J. G. Allen,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nII\\nI E. James,\\nAssist.-Surgeon.\\nII E. K. Barnum,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nII\\nM E. V. Sumner,\\n2d II\\n2d\\nII\\n.1 Sam. P. Heintzelman\\n1, 2d It\\n2d\\nII\\n1828. G. F. Morton,\\nISt II\\n2d\\nII\\nII S. Burbank,\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\nII\\nM R. A. McGabe,\\nM\\n5th\\nII\\nWilliam Alexander,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\nSth\\nII\\nn A. J. Genter,\\n2d II\\n5th\\nII\\nA. R. Hetzel,\\n2d II\\n2d\\nII\\nJ. H. Vose,\\nMajor,\\n5th\\nIf\\n1829. James Engle,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nIf\\nIt Amos Foster,\\n2d II\\n5th\\nIt", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n77\\n1829. E. Cutler,\\nLieut.-Colonel,\\n5th\\nInfantry.\\nM M. E. Merrill,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nII Ephraim Kirby Smitl\\n,,2d\\n5th\\n11 Isaac Lynde,\\n2d II\\n5th\\n1. C. C. Sibley,\\n2d\\n5th\\nM W. E. Cruger,\\nISt II\\n5th\\nII Louis T. Jamison,\\n2d II\\n5th\\n1830. H. Clark,\\nISt II\\n5th\\n1 83 1. John T. Collinsworth\\n2d II\\n5th\\nM Robert McMillan,\\nAssist. -Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1832. George M. Brooke,\\nColonel,\\n5th\\nInfantry.\\nWaddy V. Cobbs,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nM Joseph S. Gallagher,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nn Geo. W. Patten,\\n2d\\n2d\\nII Thomas Stockton,\\nBvt. 2d-Lieut.,\\n5th\\nII Alex. R. Thompson,\\nMajor,\\n6th\\nM John B. F. Russell,\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\n1833. W. Whistler,\\nMajor,\\n2d\\nM E. K. Barnum,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nII J. R. Smith,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\n.1 J. W. Penrose,\\n2d\\n2d\\nM Chas. S. Frailey,\\nAssist. -Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\nM Cieo. F. Turner,\\nI! II\\nII II\\n1834. J. H. Leavenworth,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nM John Clitz,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n1835. James V. Bomford,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nli\\nII J. J. B. Kingsbury,\\nISt II\\n2d\\nII\\n1, k. R. Patrick,\\nBvt. 2d-Lieut.,\\n2d\\nIf\\n1836. Erastus B. Wolcott,\\nAssist. -Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\nII J. W. Anderson,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantrv.\\n1839. S. McKenzie,\\nCaptain,\\n2d r\\nVrtillery.\\nII A. E. Jones,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d\\n1840. H. Brown,\\nCaptain,\\n4th\\nM\\nII J. W. Phelps,\\nI st-Lieutenant,\\n4th\\nM\\nn J. C. Pemberton,\\n2d\\n4th\\nM\\ni84i.k Holt,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "78\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1 84 1, p. H. Gait,\\nCaptain,\\n4th Artillery.\\n1. G. C. Thomas,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n4th II\\nr, G. W. Getty,\\n2d II\\n4th II\\nII A. Johnston,\\nCaptain,\\n5 th Infantry.\\nII W. Chapman,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n5th II\\nM S. Norvell,\\n2d\\n5th II\\nM H. Whiting,\\n2d II\\n5th II\\nII J. M. Jones,\\nBvt. 2d-Lieut.j\\n5th II\\n1842. Rev. John O Brien,\\nChaplain.\\nII Martin Scott,\\nCaptain,\\n5 th II\\n1843. L. H. Holden,\\nAssist. -Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t,\\nII M. E. Merrill,\\nCaptain,\\n5th Infantry.\\nII W. Root,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n5th 1,\\nII J. C. Robinson,\\n2d II\\n5th\\n1844. J. Byrne,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1845. C. C. Keeney,\\nII It\\nII II\\nII G. C. Westcott,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nII S. Casey,\\nCaptain,\\n2d II\\nM J. P. Smith,\\nBvt. 2d-Lieut.,\\n5th It\\nII Fred Steele,\\nII II\\n5th II\\n1846. J. Martin,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1847. F. M. Winans,\\nCaptain,\\n15th Infantry.\\nII M. P. Doyle,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n15th It\\n,1 M. L. Gage,\\nCaptain,\\nI St Michigan Vols.\\nII C. F. Davis,\\nLieutenant,\\nIt II II\\nM C. F. Chittenden,\\nII\\nIt II II\\n1848. W. N. R. Beall,\\nBvt 2d-Lieut.,\\n4th Infantry.\\nII C. H. Larnard,\\nCaptain,\\n4th It\\nII H. Dryer,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n4th II\\n1849. J- Brown,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n,1 J. C. Tidball,\\nBvt. 2d-Lieut.,\\n4th Infantry.\\n1850. C. H. Laub,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t\\n185 1. D. A. Russell,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n4th Infantry\\n1852. T. Williams,\\nCaptain,\\n4th Artillery.\\nII G. W. Rains,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n4th II\\nII J. Culbertson,\\n2d II\\n4th It", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n79\\n1852. J. H. Bailey,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1854. Jos. B. Brown,\\nAssist-Surgeon,\\nII II\\n1855. J. H. Greland,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n4th Artillery.\\n1856. E. V. Bagley,\\n2d II\\n4th II\\nM W. R. Terrill,\\nISt II\\n4th II\\nJ. H. Wheelock,\\nISt It\\n4th II\\n11 John Byrne,\\nAssist. -Surgeon,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1857. G. D. Bailey,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d Artillery.\\n.1 A. Elzey,\\nCaptain,\\n2d II\\nII H. Benson,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2d II\\n1858. H. C. Pratt,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n.1 J. F. Head,\\nM\\nMedical Departm t.\\nII H. A. Smalley,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\n2d Artillery.\\n1859. G. L. Hartsuff,\\nISt II\\n2d II\\nII W. A. Hammond,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t.\\ni860. A. Hartsuff,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\nII II\\nM G. E. Cooper,\\nCaptain,\\nII II\\n1862. Wormer,\\nII Stanton Guards, Mich.A^ols.\\nII C. W. LeBoutillier,\\nAssist.-Surgeon,\\nISt Minn. Regt.\\n1866. J.N. Hill,\\nCaptain,\\nVet. Res. Corps.\\nII W. L. Wood,\\n2d-Lieutenant,\\nII II II\\n1867. J. Mitchell,\\nCaptain,\\n43 d Infantry.\\n,1 E. C. Gaskill,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n43d 1.\\nII J. Stommel,\\n2d M\\n43d M\\n1869. L. Smith,\\nCaptain,\\nISt II\\nII J. Leonard,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\nISt II\\nII M. Markland,\\n2d II\\nISt II\\n1870. S. S. Jessop,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1871.T. Sharpe,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\nISt Infantry.\\n1872. W. M. Notson,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1873. C. Carvallo,\\nM\\nII II\\n1874. C. J. Dickey,\\nII\\n2 2d Infantry.\\nM W. W. Dougherty,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n22d II\\nn J. McA. Webster,\\n2d II\\n22d II\\n11 J. V. DeHanne,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t.\\n1875. A. L. Hough,\\nMajor,\\n2 2d Infantry.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "8o\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1876. J. Bush,\\nCaptain,\\n2 2d Infantry.\\nM T. H. Fisher,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n22d M\\nII F. L. Davies,\\n2d\\n22d M\\n1877. C. A. Webb,\\nCaptain,\\n22d u\\nII J. G. Ballance,\\n2d-Lieiitenant,\\n22d II\\n11 T. Mosher,\\n2d\\n22d II\\nn P. Moffat,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departm t\\n1878. 0. D. Ladley,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\n2 2d Infantry.\\n1879. E. E. Sellers,\\nCaptain,\\nloth M\\nu C. L. Dawes,\\nIt\\nloth II\\nn D. H. Kelton,\\nist-Lieutenant,\\nloth 11\\nW. T. Duggan,\\nISt u\\nloth II\\nM B. Eldridge,\\n2d\\n10th II\\nII E. H. Plummer,\\n2d\\nloth 11\\nG. W. Adair,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departra t\\n1882. W. H. Corbusier,\\nII\\nII II", "height": "3523", "width": "2326", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "ja^CKipsI^C Igli^ND,\\nMICHIOAN.\\nEntered according to Act of Congress in 1882, by\\nD. H. Kelton.", "height": "3523", "width": "2326", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "-PB3H JO Xjbibs\\nOBUppBJ^ UXJ S3IIUI\\nO\\nO\\nCO\\no\\no\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2t/\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0fee\\najruB^s ui aouB^siQ\\nc^\\nOn\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2paqsnqBjsa uaq^\\nCO\\nCO\\nCO\\nCO\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2pAai-3:^Bi 3AoqB\\niqSn JO ;qSi3H\\nCO\\nt^\\nbe\\noj\\nm\\nfO\\nbJD-Jii\\nb/D\\ny Ox) rt\\nW C/3 .S\\no S\\nZ3 O ^J\\nj_, 13 -Q j-H 4-1\\na; O O ,o U c\\n2 ^s^i^-S OS i\\n05 o -c:\\nHH\\nCD U\\nS\\n.5 o\\n_ o\\nbo (u ,r Jr\\nD g V2 G\\nrt S O\\nO C I- oS\\nV, b\u00c2\u00a3)\\na;\\nb/D (U\\n__ Oj\\nH\\noj S\\nP 3 P\\n-I- CA) G\\n.\u00e2\u0080\u00a27:3 rt\\nI\\na;\\nn a-) G o\\no .t:; o\\nu\\nr 2 G\\nO Oj O;\\n^O\\nS o .5 iJ\\nc/5 -T-J\\nG a;\\n5 rt\\n7^ S-, OJ u\\nG\\nen (V cA P-\\no B^a\\nr^ rSH .G CJ\\nO\\nu J\\n8\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2G O\\n\u00c2\u00ab8\u00c2\u00a7\\nPI\\ni3 oJ G -3 OJ /fJ\\nt^ o. g pi;\\nr^ be 2\\nC S rt S\\nJG JJ X ^c\u00c2\u00ab\\nG*^ J^ fl^--\\nJii a; t:\\nhJ g B\\nO\\n^g b^D U\\n-G O\\nO r^ 03\\no S 6\\n2\\nG y^ O\\nii .Ji S\\n21.^\\nC/2\\nP j;^\\no\\ni\\nJ\\nH\\nM\\nW\\nffi\\nPQ", "height": "3528", "width": "2237", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "o o o o\\nTt VO O M\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0fee- -fee- -fee- oj\\nPQ\\na;\\na u2 o\\n5 t! 3\\n04\\nU\\n5^,\\nZ\\nt^\\n33\\n4\\nu\\nO\\ntc\\nH\\n^fl\\noi\\n3 So 9 a;\\no\\nS83\\nX\\nC^\\nl_l\\nfO\\nCN\\n-l\\nf^\\nn\\nCO\\nfO\\nhH\\nt--\\n10\\n10\\n00\\n00\\n00\\nCO\\nhH\\nKH\\n-i\\nt^\\nM\\no\\ns5l.^2-||-s sssa^-^I -.Sg o.a c311\u00c2\u00a7i2 s\\n00 O r^,\\nO^SfiH55oHHN5i:o^a;\u00c2\u00a3-.SpiUcHSHa;3bija;j- i::^^bo\\nu\\n10\\nM\\n1\\nM\\n1\\nCJ\\nM\\n:z", "height": "3528", "width": "2237", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "84\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "FORT MACKINAC. 85\\nMACKINAC ISLAND\\nIs situated in the Straits of the same name, about four\\nmiles east of the narrowest part, fifteen miles from Lake\\nHuron and thirty from Lake Michigan; contains two thou-\\nsand two hundred and twenty -one acres, of which the\\nNational Park contains nine hundred and eleven acres and\\nthe Military Reservation one hundred and three acres, the\\nrest being private property.\\nThere are many places of historical and legendary in-\\nterest on the Island.\\nFORT MACKINAC.\\nThere are various ways of reaching the Fort from the\\nvillage; probably the easiest is up the steps, the view at\\nthe top being well worth the breath it costs to reach it.\\nNow follow us, and we will show you through the Fort:\\nThis old block-house on our left was built in 1780, by\\nthe British troops under Major Patrick Sinclair; beyond,\\nto the left, are two buildings, officers quarters, built in\\n1876; passing along toward the flag-staff, we come to an-\\nother set of officers quarters, built in 1835, and another\\nold block-house, the upper part of which is used as a reser-\\nvoir, into which water is pumped, by horse-power, from a\\nspring at the foot of the bluff, and distributed through pipes\\ninto various buildings. This innovation on the old-time\\nwater-wagon was made in 1881, in accordance with a plan\\ndevised by, and executed under the direction of, Lieut. D.\\nH. Kelton, Post-Quartermaster. Water was first pumped\\nOctober 11. 1881.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "86 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nWhile reinforcing the flag-staff in 1869, a bottle was\\ntaken out of the base, containing a paper, upon which was\\nwritten\\nHeadquarters Fort Mackinac,\\nMay 23th, 183s.\\nThis Flag-staff erected on the 25th day of May, 1835, by A\\nand G Companies, of the 2d Regiment of Infantry, stationed\\nat this Post.\\nThe following Officers of the 2d Infantry were present:\\nCaptain John Clitz, A Company, Com d g Post.\\nCaptain E. Kerby Barnum, G Company.\\nist-Lieut. J. J. B. Kingsbury, G Company.\\n2d-Lieut. J. W. Penrose,- G Company, A.C.S.\\n2d-Lieut. J. V. Bomford, H Company.\\nAsst.-Surgeon Geo. F. Turner, U.S.A.\\nDavid Jones, Sutler.\\nAbsent Officers:\\nist-Lieut. J. S. Gallagher, A Company, Adjutant.\\n2d-Lieut. J. H. Leavenworth, A Company, on Special Duty.\\nColonel Hugh Brady, Bvt.-Brig. General, Commanding Left Wing,\\nEastern Department, Headquarters at Detroit.\\nLieut-Colonel Alexander Cummings, Commanding 2d Regiment,\\nHeadquarters Madison Barracks, Sacket s Harbor, New York.\\nPresident of the United States, Andrew Jackson.\\nBuilder (of Flag-staff), John McCraith, Private, A Company,\\n2d Infantry.\\nAnother paper was added and the bottle was reentombed.\\nGoing down the steps to the right, we are brought face\\nto face with one of the old landmarks of this country, the\\nold stone-quarters, built at the same time as the block-\\nhouses, with walls from two and a half to eight feet thick;\\nformerly the windows had iron bars across them. In July,\\n18 12, the basement of this building and the old block-\\nhouses were used as prisons, in which Captain Roberts\\ndetained the men and larger boys of the village, after the", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "FORT MACKINAC. 8/\\ncapture of the Fort, until he decided what to do with them.\\nThose who took the oath of allegiance to Great Britain were\\nreleased and allowed to return to their homes; the others\\nwere sent to Detroit. Mr. Dousman, however, was not\\ndisturbed, and there have always been doubts as to his\\nloyalty to the Americans.\\nIn 1814, the basement of this building and the block-\\nhouses were used as a place of refuge for the women and\\nchildren of the village, while the vessels containing the\\nAmerican troops were anchored off the island.\\nThe building is now used as private quarters for officers,\\nthe east end being occupied by Lieut. E. H. Plummer, and\\nthe other end by Lieut. D. H. Kelton. Before the new\\nquarters were built, the west end was always occupied by\\nthe commanding officer.\\nThe old wooden building on our right, now used as a\\nquartermaster s storehouse, was built for a hospital in 1828\\non the site of the original hospital, built by the British.\\nThe long, low wooden building at the other end of the\\nstone-quarters, formerly officers quarters, is now used as a\\nstorehouse; facing it are the barracks, a two-story frame-\\nbuilding, built in 1859, occupied by two companies of sol-\\ndiers, one on each floor, with mess-rooms, etc., complete\\nfor each.\\nWe come next to the guard-house, built in 1828. Turn-\\ning toward the barracks, we have on our right, first, the\\nCommissary, built in 1877, on the site of the old stone-\\nmagazine; here are stored, in addition to the rations, vari-\\nous articles for sale to officers and soldiers.\\nIn summer, the commissary supplies are obtained month-\\nly, from Chicago; and in fall, a supply for winter. The\\nclothing and other equipments are obtained, as required,\\nfrom the various United States depots and arsenals.\\nIn the small building adjacent to the Commissary are", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "8S\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe offices of the Commanding Officer and Adjutant, and\\nnext door, the office of the Post-Quartermaster, which is\\nconnected hy a passage-way with the storehouse beyond\\nbuilt on the sight of the post-bakery of early days.\\nGoing up the path from the guard-house we will examine\\nthe reveille gun, and take a glimpse at the magnificent\\nview from the gun -platform. Below, at the foot of the\\nbluff, are the Government stables, blacksmith shop, and\\nBlock- House built 1780.\\ngranary; beyond them, the company gardens, where the\\nbuildings of the United States Indian Agency stood in\\nearlier days; to the right, at the corner of Astor and Fort\\nStreets, is a neat little cottage, with an observatory on top,\\nnow owned by Mr. N. P. Harrison, of Chicago. A build-\\ning which preceded this one was used as the retail store of\\nthe American Fur-Company; the basement is the same,\\nand in this occurred an accident, the result of which is", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "FORT MACKINAC.\\n89\\nBlock-Houses built 1780.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "90\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nBlock- Houses built 1780.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND. 9I\\nknown to the medical fraternity throughout the world.\\nWe refer to the accidental shooting, on June 21st, 1821,\\nin the left side, of Alexis St. Martin, a Canadian, eighteen\\nyears of age, in the employ of the American Fur-Company.\\nSt. Martin was not more than a yard from the muzzle of\\nthe gun, which was loaded with powder and duck-shot.\\nTo be brief, a hole was made into the stomach, which\\nhealed but never closed. Through this aperture, the action\\nof the stomach, on various kinds of food, was observed.\\nThese experiments, extending through a series of years,\\ngave much valuable information. Dr.Wm. Beaumont, at that\\ntime the Post-Surgeon, attended the wounded man and\\nafterward made the experiments. Col. Gurdon S. Hub-\\nbard, of Chicago, was present when the shooting occurred.\\nThe large building beyond on the same street is the\\nAstor House, formerly the headquarters of the American\\nFur-Company; previous to the erection of this building, in\\n1822, the headquarters were in the old building adjoining\\nFenton s Bazaar, on the northeast side.\\nBeyond the Astor House is the Court-House, and a little\\nfarther on, on the opposite side of the street, the old\\nRoman-Catholic cemetery. In this cemetery lie the re-\\nmains of ist-Lieut. Joseph Gleason, 5th Infantry, who died\\nat this post, March 27, 1820. His grave is unmarked and\\nunhonored.\\nThe lot on Fort Street, in rear of Mr. Harrison s cottage,\\nbelongs to the Protestant church.\\nTo our left is the village school-house, built in 1838;\\nnext to that the Island House; next the residences of Dr.\\nJohn R. Bailey and Hon. C. B. Fenton; next the St. Cloud\\nHotel; a little beyond, the Roman-Catholic church; and\\nstill farther on, the old mission-church, and beyond it, the\\nmission-house, both built in 1826-27, by the Rev. Wm. M.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "92\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nFerry, father of Senator T. W. Ferry, of Michigan, who\\nwas born in the mission-house, June i, 1827.\\nYoung Ferry s boyhood days only were spent here. Of\\nthe life of Michigan s young and favorite senator we will\\nbriefly say:\\nThomas W. Ferry received a public-school education;\\nhas been engaged in business pursuits; was a member of\\nthe House of Representatives of Michigan in 1850; was a\\nmember of the State Senate in 1856; was Vice-President\\nfor Michigan in the Chicago Republican Convention of\\ni860; was appointed in 1864 to represent Michigan on the\\nBoard of Managers of the Gettysburg Soldiers National\\nCemetery, and was reappointed in 1867; represented his\\nState on the Congressional Committee which accompanied\\nthe remains of the martyred Lincoln to Springfield, 111.;\\nwas elected to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, and Forty-first", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "SENATOR FERRY.\\n93\\nCongresses, and was reelected to the Forty-second Con-\\ngress, but did not take his seat, having subsequently been\\nelected to the United States Senate, to succeed Jacob M.\\nHoward, Republican. He took his seat in the Senate\\nMarch 4, 1871; Chairman of the Committee on Rules, he\\nreported a reclassification and revision of the rules of the\\nSenate, which were unanimously adopted without amend-\\nment; he was a member of the Special Committee of the\\nSenate that framed the resumption act of January 14, 1875.\\nHe was chosen President pro tempore March 9 and 19, and\\nagain December 20, 1875, and by the death of Vice-Presi-\\ndettt Wilson he became acting vice-president, serving as\\nsuch until March 4, 1877. While acting vice-president he\\nwas called upon, in the absence of President Grant, to\\ndeliver the address and preside at the Centennial Exhibi-\\ntion at Philadelphia, July 4, 1876, and also to preside over\\nthe impeachment trial of the then Secretary of War, and", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "I\\n94 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe sixteen joint meetings of Congress during the electoral\\ncount of 1876-77; after which he was for the third time\\nreelected President pro te^npore of the Senate by the unani-\\nmous vote of the Senate. He was reelected senator, Janu-\\nary 17, 1877, was reelected President pro tempore of\\nthe Senate March 5, 1877, February 26, 1878, April 17,\\n1878, and March 3, 1879.\\nIn front of us is Round Island, where, for a long time,\\nthere was a large Indian village, the only remnant of which\\nis an Indian burying-ground, on the southeastern part of\\nthe island. There is also an old burying-ground on Bois-\\nBlanc Island. It is a singular fact that all these Indian\\ngraves were dug due east and west.\\nWauchusco, a celebrated spiritualist of the Ottawa tribe,\\nlived on Round Island for several years previous to his\\ndeath, which occurred September 30, 1837.\\nTo the left of Round Island is Bois-Blanc Island.\\nThe building in our rear is the hospital, built in 1858,\\nleaving it to our right, we pass another old block-house;\\nand over the old north sally-port, just outside of which,\\nearly on the morning of July 17th, 18 12, the British troops\\nstood in line and presented arms while Lieut. Porter Hanks\\nand Archibald Darragh marched the American troops out,\\nwith arms reversed, to ground them where the pump now\\nstands, and receive their parole as prisoners of war; they\\nwere sent to Detroit, arriving there July 29th.\\nLieut. Porter Hanks was killed August 16, while still on\\nparole, by a shot fired from the Canadian side while he was\\nstanding in the gateway of the Fort at Detroit.\\nThe well was not dug until 1830; good water was\\nreached at a depth of twenty-four feet, but the supply is\\nnot constant. Passing on we come to the school-house, in\\ncharge of Sergeant Fred. J. Grant, the only building in the\\nFort into which strangers are admitted, unless accompanied", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "FORT MACKINAC. 95\\nby a commissioned officer; from here we can see the row\\nof Httle cottages occupied by married soldiers, and off to\\nthe right, last but by no means least, the powder-magazine,\\nthe only brick-building on the Island.\\nWhen built, the Fort was enclosed by a stockade ten\\nfeet high, made of cedar pickets, into the tops of which\\nwere driven irons with three sharp prongs projecting.\\nFormerly all the buildings belonging to the Fort were\\nwithin this stockade, and were provided with ample cisterns\\nto enable them to sustain a protracted siege.\\nA better idea of the block-houses as they appeared then,\\nand of the stockade, may be obtained from the illustrations,\\nwhich are reduced from old drawings.\\nThe old gates still remain in place at the south sally-\\nport, near the guard-house.\\nThe post of Michilimackinac, over which the flags of\\nthree nations have successively floated, was established by\\nthe French in 1673.\\nAs a consequence of the surrender of Quebec, on the\\n1 8th of September, 1759, the French-Canadian posts were\\ngiven up to the British, but the latter did not arrive at\\nMichilimacinac until 1761.\\nThe garrison was massacred by Indians, June 2d, 1763,\\nbut the Fort was not destroyed, and was regarrisoned in\\nthe summer of 1764.\\nIn 1779, arrangements were made for occupying the\\nIsland, but the troops were not transferred until July 15,\\n1780. In 1796, the Island was transferred to the Americans.\\nThe British troops withdrew to St. Joseph Island, in the\\nSt. Mary s River, where they established a post.\\nFort Mackinac is embraced in the Division of the Atlan-\\ntic, commanded by Major-General Winfield S. Hancock;\\nand the present garrison consists of Companies C and\\nD loth United States Infantry, with the following", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "96 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nofficers present: Brevet-Maj. E. E. Sellers, Lieut. D. H.\\nKelton, Lieut. W. T. Duggan, and Lieut. E. H. Plummer.\\nDr. W. H. Corbusier, Post-Surgeon.\\nThe non-commissioned staff is composed of Ordnance-\\nSerg t William Marshall, Commissary-Serg t D. F. Driscoll,\\nHospital-Steward Louis Pauly, and Ouartermaster-Serg t\\nCharles Scruby.\\nOrdnance-Serg t William Marshall is the veteran soldier\\nof the United States army, having originally entered the\\nservice in 1823, enlisting in Company A 5th U. S. In-\\nfantry, then commanded by 2d-Lieut. David Hunter. He\\nserved in the Mexican, Florida, and Black- Hawk wars, and\\nwas one of Gen. Scott s favorite orderlies. He lives in a\\nlittle cottage a short distance from the western gate of the\\nFort. He has raised a large family, and two of his sons\\nare keepers at Spectacle-Reef light-house; William being\\nin charge. Senator Ferry has tried to reward Serg t Mar-\\nshall for his long and faithful service, by having him ap-\\npointed a lieutenant and placed on the retired list, but thus\\nfar has been unsuccessful.\\nNow we are ready to enter the National Park, which\\ncomprises nearly all the wooded land on the Island not\\nenclosed by fences.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND.\\n97\\nArch Rock.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "98 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nHOW TO FIND ARCH ROCK.\\nArch Rock is on the prolongation of a line drawn from\\nthe village windmill, at Bennett s wharf, over the village\\nschool-house; to find it, start from the gate near the maga-\\nzine, follow the road to the right, some three hundred feet,\\nto the fork in the road at a corner of the fence, take the\\nleft-hand road (the right leads along the bluff to the mis-\\nsion-house, and there are paths leading from it to the\\nIsland and St. Cloud Hotels), keep on the road which\\nbears gradually to the left until, at the distance of about\\nhalf a mile, a small clearing on the right of the road is\\npassed, at the farther edge of which a road turns abruptly\\nto the right, this will take you to the Arch, one-fourth of a\\nmile distant. Upon returning to the main road, in the\\nclearing, if you turn to the right, the road leads past Sugar\\nLoaf, and gradually inclining to the left, takes you to the\\ncross-roads; here, the road leading to the right will take\\nyou to British Landing, the one in front in a-round-about\\nway to the village, and the one to the left past the ceme-\\nteries back to the Fort, from where you started.\\nOLD LIME-KILN AND STONE-QUARRY.\\nBut a better way is to take the path which is a prolon-\\ngation of the road from Arcli Rock. The old lime-kiln\\nwhich you will see on your right, just after ascending the\\nlow bluff, was used while the Fort was being built, in 1780.\\nA few yards farther on you come to a carriage-road,\\ndirectly across which is the old quarry from which stone\\nwas taken to build the Fort. The main road on your right\\nleads to Sugar Loaf; turning to your left, a few steps bring\\nyou back to the magazine.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND.\\n99\\nSugar Loaf.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "lOO ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nFORT HOLMES AND SUGAR LOAF.\\nFort Holmes is in the direction indicated by a line drawn\\nfrom the village windmill to the flag-staff, and Sugar Loaf\\nis in the same direction and about five hundred yards\\nfarther on.\\nTo find Fort Holmes, follow the road to the left from\\nthe gate near the magazine, for about fifty yards, to the\\ntarget-range, near a corner of the fence. Fort Holmes is\\non the brow of the hill and directly above the target-butts,\\nfrom which a path leads up to it. This Fort was built\\nwhile the British held possession of the Island, in 1812\\nand 18 14. The inhabitants of the village were all forced\\nto contribute a certain number of days labor to aid in\\nbuilding it.\\nIt was called by the British Fort George, in honor of the\\nBritish king; afterward rechristened by the Americans in\\nhonor of Maj. Andrew Hunter Holmes, who was killed\\nAugust 4, 1 8 14, during an unsuccessful attempt by the\\nAmericans to regain possession of Fort Mackinac.\\nThe old ditches can be plainly seen the parapet was\\nprotected by cedar pickets, so planted in the side of the\\nditch as to render scaling impossible without a ladder; the\\ncovered ways, constructed to shelter the troops, have fallen\\nin. In the centre of the enclosure, there was a building\\nused as a block-house and powder-magazine, it was re-\\nmoved by the Americans, and is now used as the Govern-\\nment stable. A well was sunk to the depth of upward of\\na hundred feet, but no water was found.\\nThe platform that now crowns the summit, and com-\\nmands a magnificent view of the Straits and the surround-\\ning country, was built by Lieut., afterward Gen., George E.\\nMeade, during a survey of the lakes in 1852. As you\\nstand on this platform, three hundred and twenty feet", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "SKULL CAVE AND CEMETERIES. lOI\\nabove the level of the surrounding water, facing toward\\nthe flag-staff in the Fort, on yOur right is Point St. Ignace,\\nfour miles distant, the southern extremity of the northern\\npeninsula of Michigan, and the terminus of the Detroit,\\nMackinac and Marquette Railroad nearly in front of you\\nlies Mackinaw City; eight miles distant, on the northern\\npoint of the southern peninsula, the terminus of the\\nMackinac Divison of the Michigan Central Railroad;\\na little to the right is where old Fort Michilimackinac\\nstood, where the massacre of June 2d, 1763, (part of\\nthe program of the conspiracy of Pontiac), took place;\\na little farther to the left Cheboygan, eighteen miles\\ndistant; and off to the left, where the northern shore and\\nthe water seem to mingle and disappear together, is the\\nmouth of the St. Mary s River, thirty-seven miles distant.\\nLeaving Forts Mackinac and Holmes behind, and follow-\\ning the bluff on the right of the clearing you soon obtain\\na view of Sugar Loaf, on the plateau below you and about\\ntwo hundred vards distant.\\nSKULL CAVE AND CEMETERIES.\\nBy following the road leading to the left from the maga-\\nzine you will pass Skull Cave, beneath a large rock on the\\nright of the road, about a quarter of a mile beyond the\\ntarget-range; this cave is said to be the one in which Mr.\\nAlexander Henry, an English fur-trader, who was taken\\nprisoner at the massacre at old Fort Michilimackinac, was\\nafterward secreted, while the Indian, to whom he belonged,\\nenjoyed a drunken carousal in the Indian village on the\\nbeach.\\nFarther on you pass through the cemeteries, the Roman\\nCatholic on the left, and the military (enclosed by a picket\\nfence) and Protestant on the right; in the military ceme-", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "I02 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ntery are buried sixty soldiers and one officer, Capt. John\\nClitz, who died while in command of this post, November\\n7th, 1836, two of whose sons, Gen. H. B. Clitz, of the\\nArmy, and Rear-Admiral J.M. B. Clitz, of the Navy, are\\ntoo well known to need further mention.\\nBRITISH LANDING, BATTLE-FIELD, FRIEND-\\nSHIP S ALTAR, AND SCOTTS CAVE.\\nThis road passing through the cemeteries leads in nearly\\na direct line through Early s (formerly Dousman s) farm to\\nBritish Landing.\\nUp this road came the British and Indians under Capt.\\nCharles Roberts, of His Majesty s loth Royal Veteran\\nBattalion, during the nights of July 16 and 17, 18 12, having\\ncome over from the island of St. Joseph. They took oxen\\nfrom Michael Dousman s farm to haul their cannon, which\\nthey planted in the road, in the small hollow, about fifty\\nyards from the turn-stile on the north side of the parade-\\nground.\\nUp this road came also, on August 4, 18 14, Col. George\\nCroghan with American troops into the ambuscade laid for\\nthem by the British and Indian allies under Capt. Roberts.\\nAfter entering the gate and passing through the narrow\\nbelt of timber, you come to a slight ridge which crosses\\nthe road, passing diagonally through an orchard on the\\nleft. On the south side of this ridge the British troops\\nwere concealed, with their field-piece on the right of the\\nroad; the Indian allies were on both flanks, parallel to the\\nroad, concealed in the woods; at that time there was very\\nlittle cleared land, and when the Americans approached\\nwithin short range, they were met by an unexpected and\\ndestructive fire, compelling them to retire, leaving their\\ndead on the field, among whom was Major Holmes, Avho", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND. IO3\\n-was killed about half-way between the farm-house and the\\nsmall hillock in the field in front of it; his body was carried\\nto the rear by his servant and concealed under leaves and\\nrails in the edge of the woods at the farther end of the\\nfield all the other bodies were mutilated by the Indians.\\nA boat came to the Island the next day (August 5th)\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2under a flag of truce, landing at Shanty Town, where it\\nwas met by a detachment of the British troops. A search\\nwas made for the body of Major Holmes, under the direc-\\ntion of Captain Roberts; it was found and delivered to\\ntlie Amcrican^^.\\nThe road leads on to British Landing. A short dis-\\ntance before reaching the landing, a narrow road turns to\\nthe right and leads through the woods past Friendship s\\nAltar to Scott s Cave, a mile and a quarter distant.\\nROBERTSON S FOLLY.\\nThe prominent rocky bluff a little beyond the Mission-\\nHouse. Cedar- Point Cottage, owned by Mr. Alanson\\nSheley, of Detroit, is snugly ensconced near its base.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "IQ4\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND. 105\\nTHE LEGEND OF ROBERTSON S FOLLY.\\nCaptain Robertson was a gay young English officer and\\na great admirer of the ladies. One pleasant summer even-\\ning, as he was strolling in the woods at the back of the\\nfort enjoying his pipe, he suddenly beheld, a few rods be-\\nfore him and just crossing his path, a female of most\\nexquisite form, feature, and complexion; she seemed about\\nnineteen; was simply dressed; wore her long black hair in\\nflowing tresses; and as for a moment she turned on him\\nher lustrous black eyes, her whole countenance lighting up\\nwith animation, the gallant Captain thought he had never\\nbefore seen so beautiful a creature. He politely doffed his\\ncap and quickened his steps, hoping to engage her in con-\\nversation. She likewise hastened, evidently with the design\\nof escaping him. Presently she disappeared around arurve\\nin the road, and Robertson lost sight of her.\\nAt the officer s quarters that night nothing was talked of\\nbut the young lady and her possible identity. She was\\nclearly not a native, and no vessel had been known to\\ntouch at the island for many a week. Who could she be.^\\nCaptain Robertson could hardly sleep that night. A rigid\\ninquiry was instituted in the village. The only effect was\\nto engender as intense curiosity in the town as already\\nexisted among the garrison.\\nAs the shades of evening drew near, the Captain was\\nagain walking in the pleasant groves enjoying the delight-\\nful lake breezes and the whiff of his favorite pipe. He was\\nthinking of last evening s apparition, and blaming himself\\nfor not pressing on more vigorously, or at least calling to\\nthe fair spectre. At this moment, raising his eyes from the", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "ao6 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nground, there she was again, slowly preceding him at a\\nlistance of scarcely more than thirty yards. As soon as\\nIi.s astonishment would permit, and as speedily as he could\\nirame an excuse, he called to her: Mademoiselle, I 1\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0beg your pardon.\\nShe turned on him one glance, her face radiant with\\n-smiles, then redoubled her pace. The Captain redoubled\\nhis, and soon broke into a run. Still she kept the interval\\nbetween them undiminished. A bend of the road, and\\nagain she was gone. The Captain sought her quickly, but\\nin vain; he then rushed back to the fort and called out a\\ngeneral posse of officers and men to scour the island, and,\\nby capturing the maiden, to solve the mystery. Though\\nthe search was kept up till a late hour in the night, not a\\ntrace could be found of her. The Captain now began to\\nbe laughed at, and jokes were freely bandied at his ex-\\npense.\\nTwo days passed away, and the fantasy of Captain\\nE-obertson began to be forgotten by his brother officers,\\nbut the Captain himself maintained a gloomy, thoughtful\\nmood the truth is he was in love with the woman he had\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2only twice seen, and who he felt assured was somewhere\\nsecreted on the island. Plans for her discovery revolved in\\nhis brain day and night, and visions of romance and happi-\\nness were ever flitting before his eyes. It was on the even-\\ning of the second day that he was irresistibly led to walk\\nagain in the shady path in which the apparition had twice\\nappeared to him. It led to the brow of the precipice at\\nthe southeastern corner of the island. He had nearly\\nreached the famous point from which we now look down\\nperpendicularly 128 feet into the placid waters of Lake\\nHuron, when, sitting on a large stone, apparently enjoying\\nthe magnificent scene spread out before her, he discovered\\nthe object of his solicitude. Escape from him was now", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "ROBERTSON S FOLLY. lO/\\nimpossible, silently he stole up to her. A crunching of the\\ngravel under his feet, however, disturbed her, and turning,\\nher eyes met his.\\nPretty maiden, why thus attempt to elude me.^ Who\\nare you. There was no answer, but the lady arose from\\nthe rock and retreated nearer the brink of the precipice,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2at the same time glancing to the right and left, as if seek-\\ning a loop-hole of escape.\\nDo not fear me, said the Captain, I am commander\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2of the garrison at the fort here. No harm shall come to\\nyou, but do pray lell me who you are, and how you came\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2on this island!\\nThe lady still maintained a stolid silence, but in the fad-\\ning light looked more beautiful than ever. She was now\\nstanding within three feet of the brink with her back to\\nthe terrible abyss. The Captain shuddered at the thought\\not her making an unguarded step and being dashed to\\npieces on the rocks below. So he tried to calm her fears\\nlest, in her agitation, she might precipitate a terrible catas-\\ntrophe.\\nMy dear young lady, he began, I see you fear me,\\nand I will leave you; but for heaven s sake do pray tell me\\nyour name and Avhere you reside. Not a hair of your head\\nshall be harmed, but Captain Robertson, your devoted\\nservant, will go through fire and water to do your com-\\nmands. Once more, my dear girl, do speak to me, if but\\na word before we part.\\nAs the Captain warmed up in his address, he incautiously\\nadvanced a step. The girl retreated another step, and now\\nstood where the slightest loss of balance must prove her\\ndeath.\\nQuick as thought, the Captain sprang forward to seize\\nher and avert so terrible a tragedy, but just as he clutched\\nher arm, she threw herself backward into the chasm, draw-", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "I08 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ning her tormentor and would-be savior with her, and both\\nwere instantly dashed on to the rocks below.\\nHis mangled remains were found at the foot of the preci-\\npice, but, singular as it may seem, -not a vestige could be\\nfound of the woman for whose life his own had been, sacri-\\nficed. His body alone could be discovered and it was\\ntaken up and buried in a shady nook near the middle of\\nthe island. He was long mourned by his men and brother\\nofficers, for he was much beloved for his high social quali-\\nties and genial deportment; but by and by it began to be\\nwhispered that the Captain had indulged too freely in the\\nfine old French brandy that the fur-traders brought up from\\nMontreal, and that the lady he professed to see was a mere\\nignis fatims of his own excited imagination. But the\\nmantle of charity has been thrown over the tragedy, and a\\ncommonplace explanation given for the name the rocky\\npoint has acquired, of ROBERTSON S FOLLY.\\nDISTILLERY, OLD INDIAN BURYING-GROUND,\\nPONTIACS LOOKOUT, DEVIL S KITCHEN,\\nLOVER S LEAP, AND CHIMNEY ROCK.\\nThose who have ample time and wish to visit these\\npoints of interest will find it to their advantage to secure a\\ncarriage or a guide in the village.\\nDevil s Kitchen and Chimney Rock are easier reached\\nby boat.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC HISTORY. 109\\nHISTORY.\\nThe history of Mackinac is attractive, it dates from early\\nin the seventeenth century.\\nHere it was that the American Fur-Company had its\\nheadquarters, having thousands of persons in its employ,\\nwith its arteries extending to the Rocky Mountains on the\\nwest and to Hudson Bay on the north. This island has\\nalways been considered sacred and enchanted ground by\\nthe Indians.\\nThere was a time, incredible as it may seem, when it was\\nfrom this place that civilization pressed on to what is now\\nChicago, and many families there and through the Western\\nStates trace their ancestors from the earlier settlers of\\nMackinac.\\nWAR OF 1812.\\nIn the spring of 18 12, Michael Dousman, a fur-trader at\\nMackinac, having his suspicions aroused by the conduct of\\nthe Indians, thought there was trouble brewing between\\nthe Americans and British and started from here on the\\nafternoon of July i6th, for the St. Mary s River; when\\nsome fifteen miles distant, he met the British and their\\nIndian allies, coming down to attack Fort Mackinac, war\\nhaving been declared on the 18th of June, and the British\\nhaving received notification of the fact, via Mackinac,\\nwhile the Americans were still ignorant of the condition of\\naffairs.\\nMr. Dousman was taken prisoner and only escaped with\\nhis life on condition that he would return to Mackinac, and,\\nwithout alarming the garrison, warn the citizens to go and\\nremain quietly at the distillery, below the old Indian bury-\\ning-ground, west of the village. Mr. Dousman successfully", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "no MACXINAC ISLAND.\\naccomplished all this before morning, and the first intima-\\ntion of the presence of the foe that Lieut. Hanks had was\\na reveille gun fired by the British, and the appearance sooii\\nafter of a flag of truce, accompanied by a demand for an\\nimmediate surrender. The garrison at that time consisted\\nof Lieuts. Hanks and Darragh and fifty-seven enlisted men.\\nThere are still persons living on the Island who remem-\\nber that reveille gun, among whom is Mr. Ignace Pelotte,,\\na poor but trustworthy and deserving man.\\nSUMMER RESORT.\\nEor those wishing to spend a pleasant summer vacation,\\nno better place can be found than Mackinac; the climate\\nis very healthy, the nights are always cool and refreshing;,\\nmosquitoes are strangers.\\nThere is abundance of good fishing, also hunting in the\\nvicinity, and boating through every variety of form, from\\nthe Indian birch -bark canoe up to palatial excursion\\nsteamers.\\nHere the noble red man, from the cradle to the grave,,\\ncan be studied at leisure; a nephew of Tecumseh, perhaps,\\ncla ming as much notice and pocket-money as any.\\nThere is no other locality where sufferers with hay-fever\\nand catarrh obtain such speedy relief.\\nHOTELS, ETC.\\nIn the following pages may be found the advertisements\\nof the leading hotels on the Island, arranged in the order\\nof their distance from the wharves; also, the advertise-\\nments of Todd s and Bailey s drug-stores, and Fenton s.\\nBazaar, the latter has the largest and best assortment of\\ngenuine, home, and hand-made Indian goods that can be\\nfound in the State of Michigan and his views of Mackinac,\\nscenery are unrivalled.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND. m\\nADDENDUM.\\nTO THE READERS OF THIS BOOK:\\nAfter having read the descriptions of Mackinac Island\\nand vicinity, the question which presents itself to your\\nmind is: If I want to go and view these wonders and\\nbeauties, how can I reach them? Listen: the Michigan\\nCentral Railroad has been completed to Mackinac and is\\nnow running two (2) trains each way daily, via Bay City,\\nbetween Mackinac, Detroit, Jackson, and Chicago, making\\nclose and direct connections at those points for Toledo,\\nCleveland, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis,\\nand all Eastern, Southern, and Western cities. Elegant\\nWagner Parlor and Sleeping-Cars are run on these trains,\\nand all the conveniences of the times, for which this line\\nis famous, will be afforded passengers.\\nThere is only one way to reach Mackinac Island by\\nrail, and that is by way of the Michigan Central Railroad,,\\nwhich is selling cheap Excursion Tickets to that point.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "ANNALS\\nOf\\nFort Mackinac\\nBY\\nLieut. D. H. K ELTON,\\nU.S. Army.\\nFOR SALE BY\\nROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincmnaii, 0.\\nJANSEN, McCLURG 6- CO., Chicago, III.\\nJAMES ANGLIM 6- CO., Washington, D.C.\\nDr. JOHN R. BAILEY, H. A. N. TODD, and C. B. FEN TON,\\nMackinac Island, Michigan.\\nPrice, 50 Ceiits.\\nScnt^ post-paid, on Receipt of the Price.\\nCH IC AGO:\\nFERGUS PRINTING COMPANY.\\n1882.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC HODSE\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\nPLEASANTLY SITUATED,\\nWITH A FINE VIEW\\nOF THE\\nLAKES AND STRAITS,\\nSPECIAL TERMS TO TOURISTS.\\nMrs. DAVID CARSON,\\nProprietor.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "John-Jacob-Astor House,\\nMackinac Island, Michigan,\\nFORMERLY\\nHeadquarters of tlie Ainerican Fur-Company,\\nHeadquarters of Army and Kavy Ofl3.cers.\\nJT[HE Astor House is conveniently located, adjoining the\\nMackinac -County Public Buildings, and near the South-\\nern entrance to Fort Mackinac; is provided with good rooms,\\ngood beds, large parlors, two piano -fortes, four billiard- tables,\\nlarge office and reading-room, fine verandas, and an observa-\\ntory on the top of the main building, the view from which is\\nunequalled.\\nGuests of this house only, have access to the Original\\nBooks of the old Americafi Fur- Company, which have attracted\\nso much attention from the Antiquarians of Europe and\\nAmerica.\\nAccommodatons for 200 Guests.\\nJAMES F. CABLE,\\nJOHN R. BOGAN, Clerk. Proprietor.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "ISLAND HOUSE\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\n^HE ISLAND HOUSE is -beautifully situated\\non Elevated Ground fronting tlie water,\\na pleasant distance from the Village and\\nSteamboat Landing.\\nCarriages always in attendance to convey\\nGuests to and from tlie House.\\nGOOD ACCOMMODATIONS FOR 150 GUESTS.\\nCaptain H. VAN ALLEN,\\nPROPRIETOR.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "Saint Cloud Hotel,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICHIGAN.\\n^f ITUATED upon beautifully terraced grounds overlooking the Harbor\\nl^ and Straits of Mackinac, Is complete and Modern in all its\\nappointments and furnished in the Queen -Anne Style.\\nThe Saint Cloud Hotel offers inducements to Tourists and Pleas-\\nure-Seekers that are unsurpassed. Its corps of colored servants is the best\\nwhile its Culinary department is under the charge of a Chef de Cuisine\\nengaged at great expense.\\nIts elegant broad verandas, its large, airy, well- ventilated rooms, its\\nOperatic Singers, and its\\n^~ZZ s FAMOUS STRING BAND s^H IZ^ V^\\nare attractions by which this Hotel has gained its world-wide reputation\\nand which no one can disregard in the selection of a home-like stopping\\nplace while sojourning on this lovely and romantic Isle.\\nWENDELL McDonald, Managers.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "MISSION HOUSE\\nMACKINAC, MICHIGAN,\\nE. A. FRANKS, Proprietor.\\nThis old and Favorite Hotel is delightfully\\nsituated adjoining the\\nNational Park\\nRomantic Island of Mackinac,\\n^Vithin a short distance of the Arched Rock,\\nSugar Loaf, Giant s Causv/ay, and other\\nnatural curiosities in -which this\\nfamed Island abounds.\\nGood Acconimodations for 200 Goests.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "Horace N. A. Todd,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\nLarge AssoRTMENTt^\u00c2\u00ab\\nOF\\nrdgsiMedicines\\nPERFUMERY,\\nToilet Articles, Etc.\\nPrescriptions Carefully Compounded at all Hours, Day or Night\\nIce -Co Id Soda-lVater,\\nCHOICE SUPPLY OF\\nCONFECTIONERY, TOBACCO W? CIGARS.\\nFISHING TACKLE.\\nDaily Papers, Books, Stationery\\nMagazines, Etc.,\\nA Splendid Collection of Stereoscopic Views.\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "ESTABLISHED 1845.\\nJOHN R. BAILEY,\\nDEALER IN\\nDRUGS MEDICINES\\nTOILET ARTICLES,\\nAnd all other Goods usually found in a First-Class Drug Store.\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC,\\nBOOKS, STATIONERY,\\nGUIDE-BOOKS, MAPS, CHARTS, ETC.\\nPure Wines and Liquors for Medicinal Purposes.\\nPRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLV COMPOUNDED.\\nDr. John R Bailey,\\nU.S. Examining Surgeon,\\n{I.ate Surgeon U.S. Vols., late Attending- Surgeon at Fort Mackinac,)\\nResidence, adjoining Island House. Office, in Drug Store.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "FENTON S\\nINDIAN BAZAAR\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\nThe Largest and\\nBest Assortment in the\\nNorthwest of\\nEare Shells,\\nMinerals,\\nLake Superior Agates\\nand Amethysts,\\nViews of Mackinac\\nNational Park,\\nleather Pans,\\nMoccasins,\\nFlorida and Japanese\\nGoods,\\nAnd All Kinds of\\nOUKIOSITIES.\\nA varied and beautiful\\nLine of\\nMoose Hair,\\nPorcupine-Quill,\\nand Sweet-G-rass\\nWOEE,\\nIncluding\\nScented Table-Mats,,\\nCanoes,\\nSatchels,\\nPortfolios,\\nEeticules,\\nHandkerchief Boxes,\\nMiniature Mococks\\nof Maple Sugar^\\nFlorida Ornamects,\\nGrasses, Etc.\\nWhitman s Famous Confections and Chocolates.\\nIMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS.\\nFor Beauty and Variety of Goods,\\nC. B. Fentons Indian Bazaar\\nChallenges and Defies Competition.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "ALFRED G. COUCHOIS,\\nPRACTICAL\\nCarpenter,\\nJoiner, and\\nPainter,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH\\nMr. Couchois offers his services to those\\n^vho contemplate building Summer Resi-\\ndences on the Island of Mackinac.\\nREFERENCES:\\nThe Citizens of Mackinac Island generally and all Officers\\nof the U.S. Army, who have been stationed at Fort\\nMackinac, during the past ten years.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "Building Lots\\nON THE\\nIsland of Mackinac, Mich.\\nFOR SALE.\\nWijHOSE who intend to build Summer\\n^s Residences on Mackinac Island, will\\nfind the most desirable Lots, at very reason-\\nable prices, on the western part of the\\nIsla7id, aroimd the rock known as Lover s\\nLeap and above the caves known as the\\nDevil s Kitcken!\\nAn 80- acre lot has been neatly laid out\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0and until the Colony, already started, is as\\nlarge as is desired, lots will be sold on very\\nadvantageous terms to the purchaser.\\nThe view from this blufi^ is the finest on\\nthe Island, overlooking the entrance to Lake\\nMichigan with its numerous Islands and\\nLight- Houses, and in full view of St.Ignace\\nand Mackinaw City.\\nFor Particulars, address\\nOUROOIV S. HUBBARO,\\n243 Locust Street, CHICAGO.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "TRINITY PARISH\\nOF THE\\nJPpototant \u00e2\u0082\u00ac|pisropflI Q^uvi^,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICHIGAN.\\nRev. M. C. STANLEY, Rector.\\nSERVICES, EVERY LORD S DAY.\\nSUNDAY-SCHOOL, lO O CLOCK, A.M.\\nMORNING PRAYER, ii\\nALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED.\\n^^^^TlTH varying fortunes, the services of the Church\\n^5S have been held on this beautiful Island, for\\nmany years, without even a tent or tabernacle to dwell\\nin; but this year finds us striving to build the Lord s\\nHouse, and we humbly ask all our friends if you will\\nkindly extend to us the helping hand.\\nLet us add to the attractions of this beautiful\\nSummer Resort a Holy Temple, consecrated to the\\nworship of God.\\nMay, 1882.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "%%%%%%/%%/%%%/%%%%%%%%%%/%%%%t\\n{^prBgo MnHpiHFS\\nBY\\nH. H. HURLBUT.\\nThis elegant Volume of 673 pages, octavo, numerously\\nillustrated, will be sent. Express charges paid, C. O. D..\\nPrice, $7.50.\\nAddress,\\nMiss HATTIE P. HURLBUT,\\n44 South Ann Street,\\nCHICAGO.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "CIRCULATION, 500 COPIES.\\n-^^St.IpaGG ^RepubliGaiii^\\np. D. BissELL, Editor,\\nST. IGNACE, Mackinac Co., MICH.,\\nTTLS published every Saturday morning at St. Ignace, the\\n9^ most southern point of the Upper Peninsuia of Mich-\\nigan, at the Straits terminus of the Detroit, Mackinac and\\nMarquette Railroad. The REPUBLICAN is a representative\\nnewspaper of the growing city of St. Ignace not inaptly\\ntermed the Gateway City of Northern Michigan\\nhaving for its chief aim the diffusion of such reliable\\ninformation regarding the city wherein published, the\\nfamed Mackinac-Island Summer-Resokt, the County\\nof Mackinac, and the whole upper-peninsula region, as\\nwill be of interest to the general reader, and contribute\\nto the development and settlement of a section hitherto\\noverlooked, even by the people of our own Commonwealth,\\nwhich offers to the farmer and the laboring man, the lum-\\nberman and miner, the tradesman and the manufacturer,\\nand all conditions of men, a most desirable field for settle-\\nment and investment.\\nADVERTISING RATES:\\nPer Inch Space,\\nTransient Advertisements, per month, 2.00\\nSix Months, $6.00 One Year, 10.00\\nTERMS:\\nPer Year, $2.00 Six Months, $1.00", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "ESTABLISHED 18SO.\\nH. M. MASON CO.\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN\\nDRUGS,\\nDruggists Sundries, Toilet Articles,\\nPAINTS, OILS,\\nand Brushes,\\nGROCERIES, PROVISIONS,\\nETC., ETC.,\\nSt.Ignaee, Michigan.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC VILLAGE ATTORNEY.\\nC Y. BENNETT,\\nAttorney-at-Law i SolicitorinCliancery,\\nPractises in State and Federal Courts.\\nREAL ESTATE AGENT.\\nNotary Public, and Conveyancer.\\nAll Correspondence on business will receive prompt\\nattention.\\nOFFICE, OVER TODD S DRUG-STORE,\\nSTATE STREET,\\nST.IGNACE, MICHIGAN.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "JEWELRY, CLOCKS, AND WATCHES.\\nW. E. SMYTH, Jr.,\\nPRACTICAL\\nWATCH-MAKER JEWELER,\\nSt. Ignace, Michigan.\\nW. E. SMYTH, Jr.,\\nAgent for American Express Company,\\nSt. Ignace, Michigan.\\nRates for Money- Orders in the United States:\\nFor $5 or less, 5 cents. From $5 to $10, 10 cents.\\nOrders and Commissions Receive Prompt Attention.\\nSMYTH CO.,\\nJEWELERS,\\nCheboygan, Michigan.\\nC. L. SMYTH Sz: CO.,\\nFurniture Warerooms and Manufactory,\\nCheboygan, Michigan.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "LARGEST STOCK IN THE UPPER PENINSULA.\\nA. M. WITHROW GO.\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN\\nHEAVY AND SHELF\\nHARDWARE\\nIRON, STEEL, IS^AILS,\\nSHIP CHANDLERY,\\nRAILWIT AND MILL SUPPLIES,\\nFARMING UTENSILS,\\nSTOVES, TINWARE, SASH, DOORS,\\nPAINTS, OILS, ETC.\\nMANUFACTURERS OF\\nTin, Gopper, Sheet and Galvanized-Irop Ware.\\nPLUMBERS GOODS, ETC.\\nST.IGNACE, MICH.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "Detroit, Mackinac k Marquette\\nRAILROAD.\\nGlieapest, Sliortest, I Quickest Route\\nFROM ALL POINTS EAST TO\\nMarquette, Negaunee, L Anse\\nIsipeining, Houghton, Hancock,\\nCalumet, Ontonagon, Eagle Harbor, Lake Linden,,\\nAND ALL PLACES IN THE\\nIRON ANO COPPER REGIONS\\nOF MICHIGAN.\\nJ^5*HE term Cheapest, Shortest, and Quickest, has become stereo-\\ntyped and is undoubtedly used at times when it ought not to be.\\nBut when we tell you that we are 240 miles nearer the cities of\\nthe East (of which you can satisfy yourselves by referring to any general\\nRailroad Guide), than any of the lines via Chicago, we mean it.\\nTwo Mail and Express Trains each way a-day, except Sundays,\\nbetween St.Ignace and Marquette, at which city connection is made\\nwith the M., H. O. R. R. for points mentioned above.\\nOur equipment will be found first-class. Steel rails, Sleeping-Coaches\\non night trains, etc., etc.\\nThe Straits of Mackinac are crossed on the fine steam Ferry-boat,\\nAlgomah.\\nPurchase Tickets by the Mackinac Route via Detroit Michigan\\nCentral and Detroit, Mackinac Marquette Railroads.\\nUnsurpassed Hunting and Fishing at points along the Line o^\\nthe D., M. M.R. R. For further information, apply to\\nT. McKEOWN, F. MILLIGAN,\\nGen l Sup t, Gen l Pass r Agent,\\nMarquette, Mich. Marquette, Mich.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "The Route of all Others for Tourists and Others\\nIS BY tub:\\nTraYersGxGity,+Peto8key\\nMACKINAC\\nDAILY LINE OF STEAMERS\\nFORMED BY THE FINE PLEASURE STEAMERS\\nCITY OF GRAND RAPIDS and T.S. FAXON.\\nNE of these Steamers leaving Mackinac and the other\\nTraverse City, every morning, except Sunday, until\\nfurther notice, and stopping at Petoskey and other principal\\npoints eii route.\\nThe Scenery all along the line is wondrously beautiful\\nthe AIR and water perfectly pure and on board, everything\\nis provided for the comfort of passengers in the way of elegant\\nfurnishings, a table that is equalled by few hotels, and courteous\\nattention from gentlemanly officers who are thorough sailors.\\nAt Traverse City is found the far-famed Park- Place\\nHotel, which, under the management of Col. Billings (who\\ncontinues in charge), has gained an enviable reputation.\\nMuch of interest is to be enjoyed from this point, and the\\nfacts will warrant our saying that tourists always look back with\\npleasure to the time spent at\\nPARK-PI^ACE HOTBI.\\nThe same careful management of our steamboat and hotel\\ninterests which have made them so popular with the public will\\nbe continued, and we intend to fully deserve the large patronage\\nwhich we confidently expect.\\nHANNAH, LAY CO.,\\nTraverse City, Michigan.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "THE JACKSON ROUTE\\nFort Wayne Jackson R.R.\\nIN CONNECTION WITH THE\\nMICHIGAN CENTRAL,\\nFort Wayne, Cincinnati Louisville R.R.\\nIS DECIDEDLY THE\\nSHORTEST, QUICKEST MOST DIRECT\\nROUTE\\nFROM STKAITS OF MACKINAC\\nFort Wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati,\\nLrouisville, Xashville, Atlanta,\\nCliattanooga, Macon,\\nCliarleston^ Savaniiali^ Mobile, and\\nNeM^ Orleans.\\nThis Line is equipped with New Coaches, having Miller s Patent\\nBuffer and Platform, and all Modern appliances for Safety and Comfort.\\nH. BROMLEY. M. D. WOODFORD,\\nGen l Pass r and Ticket Agent General Superintendent.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "BENNETT S WHARF\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\nCaptJAIESBEIIETT\\n-^fcs-f AGENT .t.E^-\\nFor the Various Lines of Steamboats\\nTOUCHING AT THE ISLAND,\\n^^WOOD#COAL^\\nHAY, CORN, OATS AND STRAW\\nI resli and Salt Fish,\\nFISH -BARRELS, SALT, ETC.\\nALL T~l /^~N T~) A T~^ ALWAYS\\nKINDS OF JT* \\\\__J X\\\\ J-\\\\^ XL/ ON HAND\\nOFFICE, ON\\nben:rett s whaef\\nWILLIAN SULLIVAN, Clerk.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "Howard Ackerman\\nSUCCESSOR TO\\nJ. R. ACKERMAN S SON,\\nUNIFORMS\\nNo. 712 BROADWAY,\\nNEW YORK.\\n)iyic i 1786 \\\\fxi eiCotioe frcvc^ 60-044 ifi i", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "IF you wish to obtain ei neat, attractive and valuable\\nbook, send your name to O. W. RUGGLES, General\\nPessenger Agent, or I\\\\ I. Whitney, Ass t General\\nPassenger Agent, Michigan Central Railroad, Chicago,\\nIllinois, for a copy of MACKINAC ISLAND, by that\\ncharming writer, Colonel Pat Donan, of Fargo, D. T.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0r", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "FERGUS HISTORICAI. SKRIBS\\nRELATING TO\\nI. Annals of Chicago. A Lecture by Joseph N. Balestier, Esq., 25\\n2. Directory of the City of Chicago for 1839. By Robert Fergus, 50\\n3. The Last of the IlHnois; Origin of the Prairies. J. D. Caton, 25\\n4. Early Movement in Illinois for the Legalization of Slavery.\\nBy Hon. William H. Brown, of Chicago, 25\\n5.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sketches of Early Settlers of Chicago. By Wm. H. Bushnell, 25\\n6.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sketches of Early Settlers of Chicago. Part II. 25\\n7, 8. Early Chicago. Two Lectures by John Wentworth, LL.D., each, 35\\ng.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Present and Future Prospects of Chicago; Rise and Progress\\nof Chicago; Chicago in 1836, Strange Early Days. 25\\n10. Addresses Read before Chicago Historical Society, 25\\nII.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Early Medical Chicago. By James Nevins Hyde, A.M., M.D., 50\\n12. Illinois in the i8th Century. Kaskaskia and its Parish Re-\\ncords Old Fort Chartres Col. John Todd s Record Book.\\nRead before the Chicago Hist. Soc. By Edw. G. Mason, Esq., 50\\n13. Recollections of Early Illinois and her Prominent Men. By\\nHon. Joseph Gillespie, of Edwardsville, 5\u00c2\u00b0\\n14. The Earliest Rehgious History of Chicago Early History of\\nIllinois; Early Society in Southern Illinois; Reminis-\\ncences of the Illinois-Bar Forty Years Ago; First Mur-\\nder Trial in Iroquois Co. for the First Murder in Cook Co. 50\\n15, Abraham Lincoln. Paper read in London by Hon. I. N. Arnold,\\nStephen Arnold Douglas. By James W. Sheahan, Esq., 25\\n16. Early Chicago Fort Dearborn. By John Wentworth, LL.D., 75\\n17. William B. Ogden; and Early Days. By Hon. I. N. Arnold,\\n18. Chicago River-and-Harbor Convention, July, 1847. Compiled, i.oo\\nig. Reminiscences of Early Chicago. By Charles Cleaver, Esq., 25\\n20. A Winter in the West. By C. Fenno Hofifman, Esq. Portrait, 50\\n21.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Dean Caton, LL.D., ex-Chief-Justice of 111., Sketch of, 25\\n24. Hon. John Wentworth s Congressional Reminiscences. In Press.\\nReception to the Settlers of Chicago prior to 1840, by the Calumet\\nClub, May 27, 1879. Compiled by Hon. John Wentworth, 50\\nCHICAGO BAR-ASSOCIATION LECTURES Recollections\\nof Early Chicago and the Illinois Bar, By Hon. L N. Arnold.\\nRecollections of the Bench and Bar of Central Illinois. By Hon.\\nJames C. Conkling, of Springfield, 111.\\nThe Lawyer as a Pioneer. By Hon. Thomas Hoyne. Part I, i.oo\\nREYNOLDS HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 My Own Times. By\\nJohn Reynolds, Late Governor of Illinois, etc. Portrait, 7.50\\nTHE MARTYRDOM OF LOVEJOY.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 An account of the Life,\\nTrials, and Perils of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy. By Henry\\nTanner of Buffalo, N. Y., an Eye- Witness. Illustrated, 2.00\\nAny of the above books sent by mail to any part of the U. S., postpaid, on receipt of price\\nby the publishers.\\nJune 1st, 1882. Fei g-iis t*riiitiiig: Oo., Oliic^agfO.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "ARCH R( CK.\\nISLAND HOUSE.", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "^^^^^^^s^^^^^^^^^\\n]AnGKijmc ]^m\\\\\\nMICHIOAN.\\nEntered accordiiip^ to Act of Congress\\nD. H. KetTpN.\\nVA Friendship s Altar\\nErilish Landin\\nIS", "height": "3523", "width": "2258", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3523", "width": "2258", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3513", "width": "2149", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3513", "width": "2149", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "^OV^\\nM\\nHi****\\nlW\u00c2\u00bb at ^lis OSsV^ A^ Sals\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a20\\not?\\nV^\\\\/ v^*/\\nA\\nlO-j\\n5", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": ".0 /v\\n-o ^^-J.\\n.0\\n1 ^^0^\\n40^\\n4j J^J^M^ t^ a*\\n^C\\nf o\\nOv^,\\n.y^-^.\\n*-T\\n\u00c2\u00ab5^^\\nWERT\\nBOOKBINDING\\nGranKide Pd\\nA\\nv^.\\nL ^^r\\n.^i", "height": "3523", "width": "2175", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3757", "width": "2310", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltond_0154.jp2"}}