{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3862", "width": "2425", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "aV\\no\\nJ^%V .0*.C^,*Oo i^.t.V\\n,^1\\n^ov*\\nK^\\nAO^\\n1^\\n*o /V^^sli-.V o\u00c2\u00ab^c:^.*-o j^.t. V\\nj^.c-^\\nk* 5^\\nv^^.*-:;^.\\nV.\\n.^^r\\n.^^^^V", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": ".^--^s^^\\n.Jp-n^.. ^IK^* -.^i^\\n.ft c\\nj\u00c2\u00bb i\\nJ^^^*.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2.!!\u00c2\u00abai^\u00c2\u00ab*\\n-ov*\\n-m^: J", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3633", "width": "2393", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "FORT t MACKINAC^\\nDWIGHT H. KELTON.\\nLieut. U. S. Army.\\nREVISED EDITION.", "height": "3633", "width": "2393", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2398", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "^########c#", "height": "3643", "width": "2398", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "View of Fort Mackinac from the Southwest.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "ANNALS\\nOF\\nFort Mackinac\\nBY\\nDWIGHT H. KELTON\\nI.IEUT. U. S. ARMY.\\n10\\n1883.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "Tin?\\nEntered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by\\nDWIGHT H. KELTON,\\nIn the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.\\ny\\n^D ^l\\nprinted by\\nThe Detroit Free Press Cc", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "w-~i\\ni:\\nUJ", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "GREETING.\\nry^HE eveiiino-s of another long Mackinac winter have been\\n-L spent revising, correcting and amplifying the Annals\\nof Fort Mackinac.\\nAdditional matter has been obtained from original records\\nhere and elsewhere pertinent matter has also been culled\\nfrom reliable authorities and from records in the U. S. Treas-\\nury, State and War Departments.\\nFacts have been simply and briefly stated.\\nThe manuscript for a much larger book has been prepared\\nbut, in order to adapt the book to the wants of the thousands\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of tourists who annually visit the Isle of the Dancing\\nSpirits, many subjects have been omitted.\\nMost of the views of scenery are entirely new, having\\nbeen prepared especially for the Annals, as was also the\\nmap of Ancient Michilimackinac, the latter by Eev.\\nFather Edward Jacker.\\nAmong the portraits there are several of persons, all more\\nor less o;enerallv known, amons: them that of Rev. Father\\nJacker, world-renowned as the discoverer of Marquette s\\ngrave; also that of Col. P. Donan, who has done more than\\nany living man, as author of newspaper articles and of that\\nbeautiful little volume, Mackinac Island, the Wave-washed\\nTourists Paradise of the Unsalted Seas, to draw the atten-\\ntion of Americans to The Enchanted Isle.\\nAmong others I am under obligations to the following\\nResiding at Mackinac Dk. John R. Bailey, Hon. John\\nBiDDLE, Hon. William P. Preston, Ambrose Davenport\\n(since deceased).", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "6\\nGKEETING.\\nResiding Elsewhere Pkof. J. C. Holmes, Rev. Dr.\\nGeorge R. Duffield, Gen. Grover S. Wormer, Alanson\\nSheley, Esq., Bela Hubbard, Esq., Hon. T. W. Ferry, P.\\nD. BissELL, Esq., Gen. Hannibal Day, Gen. O. M. Poe,\\nGen. G. Weitzel, Col. F. U Farquhar, Gen. R. C. Drum,\\nH. H. HuRLBUT, Esq., Lyman C. Draper, D. S. Durrie,\\nCol. p. Donan, Lawrence Kehoe, Esq., Rev. Isidore\\nHandtman, Hon. J. G. Shea, Rev. Edward J acker.\\nSpace in this small volume will not allow me to mention by\\nname the many records, maimscripts and books consulted.\\n/Or^v^TtiX^^,\\nFort Mackinac, Mich.\\nApril, 1883.\\nFairy Arch.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC.\\nThe name Micliiliniakinac, or, as the Indians pronounce it,\\nMisMnimaMnang properly signifies The country of the\\nMisldnimaki^^ (Thus, Otavxinang, tlie country of the\\nOtawa Otchijnvenang, the country of the Ojibwa Osagi-\\nnang [English, Saginaw], the country of the Osaki, or Sac\\nIndians). And, in fact, the term Michiliinackinac, or, the\\ncountry of Michiliinackinac, was by the early French applied\\nto a large portion of the eastern half of the Upper Penin-\\nsula of Michigan.\\nBy degrees the term was restricted to the French and In-\\ndian settlements on either side of the strait, and finally to\\nthe Island of Mackinac.\\nThe French La Pointe de St. Ignace had likewise a\\nbroader signification than the present Point St. Ignace.\\nIt was applied to the whole of the little peninsula whose\\nbasis may be defined by a line drawn due west from the\\nmouth of Carp Kiver to Lake Michigan. Our map shows\\nonly the southern half of it.\\nEAKLIEST INHABITANTS.\\nThe Ancient miners of upper Michigan probably con-\\nnected with the Mound builders of the Mississippi Valley,\\nand with the Toltecs and Aztecs, may have had an agricul-\\ntural out-post at St. Ignace. The vestiges of a mound have\\nbeen traced in the neighborhood of Point La Barbe. No\\ntradition, however, referring to that people is found among\\nour Indians. The earliest inhabitants known to the latter", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "10\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nwere^the Mishinimaki^ or, as they now call them, Mishini-\\nmakinago.\\nAccording to the statement of a few still surviving at the\\ntime of the French occupation, that tribe was all but exter-\\nminated by the Iroquois, in retaliation for a successful raid\\nmade by them into the country of the latter.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC. 11\\nEARLY FRENCH VISITORS, AXD TRANSIENT\\nINDIAN SETTLERS.\\nJohn Nicolet, on his remarkable journey from Canada to\\nGreen Bay about 1631: was undoubtedly the first white\\nman that saw the Island of Mackinac, and, coasting around\\nthe little peninsula, entered Lake Michigan.\\nFrom the meagre account left of his journey, nothing can\\nbe gleaned regarding the inhabitants of the Mackinac country\\nat that period.\\nBut whatever Indian population that intrepid traveler may\\nhave met there, the whole neighborhood was deserted twenty\\nyears later, when the ascendancy gained by the Iroquois in\\nconsequence of their destructive onslaught on the Hurons\\n(1649), had compelled all the little Algonquin clans on Lake\\nHuron to seek safer quarters on Lake Superior and Green\\nBay. In 1651, or perhaps the year following, the small\\ntribe of Tionontate Hurons, on their flight before the Iro-\\nquois, reached Mackinac, and deeming the island a safe re-\\ntreat, held it for about two years but being deceived in their\\nexpectation, retreated to the islands at the mouth of Green\\nBay, and later on, to its head.\\nSome of the old clearings which dot the wooded part of\\nMackinac Island may date back to that period, for the Tion-\\nontates w^ere tillers of the soil. In the autumn of 1654, two\\nyoung Frenchmen, convoyed by Indians, passed Mackinac,\\non their way to Green Bay. They repassed the island in the\\nsummer of 1656, with fifty canoes laden with fur for the\\nCanada market, and manned by five hundred Hurons and\\nAlgon quins.\\nThe next Frenchman known to have passed tlie strait was\\nNicolas Perrot, to whose Memoirs ^\\\\e are indebted for a", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "12 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nportion of what we know of those early times. He made\\nhis lirst journey to Green Bay about 16155. From that date\\ndown to the end of the century, Perrot was a frequent visi-\\ntor at Mackinac, and on some occasions played a conspicuous\\npart in the transactions between his countrymen and the In-\\ndians at that post. At length the Black Gown arrived.\\nFather Claude Allouez was the first of the Jesuit mission-\\naries who saw the far-famed island. He had left La Pointe\\nda St. Esjyrit on Lake Superior in the sunnner of 1669, and\\nstarted from Sault Ste. Marie, [N ovember 3rd, with two French\\ncompanions and some Pottawatomie Indians. From Novem-\\nber 5th to 11th, he lay wind and snow-bound on Little St.\\nMartin s Island, to which he probably gave its name, the\\nday of his departure being St. Martin s day. Crossing over\\nfrom Big St. Martin s Island to the opposite shore, he\\nmet two Frenchmen and a few Indians, who endeavored in\\nvain to make him desist from his intended visit to Green\\nBay, so late in the season.\\nWhile coasting along the shore, with the island in view,\\nthe missionary listened with pleasure to the recital, by his\\nIndian companions, of some of the legends which the author\\nof Hiawatha has put into English verse. Hiawatha is the\\nMena-bosho, or Xena-bosho, of the Algonquins and the\\nIsland of Mackinac w^as considered as his birthplace and\\nagain, after the flood, as the locality where that civilizer of\\nmankind, observing a spider weaving its web, invented the\\nart of Ashing with gUl-nets. Father Allouez reached the\\nhead of Green Bay after a month s journey full of hardship\\nand peril.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAO. 13\\nTHE MISSION OF ST. IGNATIUS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FATHEE MAR-\\nQUETTE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS CHAPEL.\\nIn the fall of 1670, Father Claude Dablon, in his capacity\\nas Superior of the Jesuits on the upper lakes, selected the\\npoint north of the strait, then iirst called La Poiiiie de St.\\nIgnace^ as the site of a new missionary establishment in the\\nplace of the mission at La Pointe die St Esprit^ on Lake\\nSuperior, then on the point of being abandoned. One of\\nthe fathers, most likely Dablon himself, spent the winter on\\nthe spot, in all probability within the limits of the present\\nvillage of St. Ignace, and put up some provisional buildings.\\nA few Indians only, wintered in the neighborhood, but new\\nand permanent settlers were expected first of all the wander-\\ning Tionontate Hurons. Leaving Green Bay, 1656 or 1657,\\nthat remarkable clan, then consisting of about 500 souls, had\\nreached the Upper Mississippi, and after many adventures\\nand reverses, iinally settled on the Bay of Shagawamigong\\nnow Ashland Bay, AVis. where Father Allouez met them\\nin 1665. Since the autumn of 1669, tliey had been under\\nthe care of Father Marquette, who was now (1671) to accom-\\npany them back to the Mackinac country.\\nThe party arrived at St. Ignace towards the end of June,\\nat the earliest, for at the great gathering of Indians and\\nFrench in Sault Ste. Marie, June l-ith, they had not yet\\nreached the Rapids.\\nThe exact site of Father Marquette s temporary chapel\\nand hut (cabane) is not known. It appears, however, from\\nsome incidental remarks in that Father s report and in a later\\nRelation^ that those humble buildings stood at some, tliough\\nnot a very considerable, distance from the Huron fdrt near\\nwhich the second churcli w^as built. On December Sth", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "14 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1672, Joliet arrived with orders from the Governor of New\\nFrance and the Superior of the Jesuits in Quebec for Father\\nMarquette, to accompany him on liis journey of discovery.\\nThe party spent the winter in St. Ignace, and started May\\n17th, 1673. At that time the Hnrons in St. Ignace num-\\nbered 3S0 souls.\\nSome 00 Otawas of theSinago clan had lately joined them.\\nTHE HUEOJS^ FORT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SECOND CHURCH.\\nIn the second year of Marquette s stay, the Tionontates\\nbegan to build their fort or palisaded village. According to\\nLaHontan s plan, it occupied about the middle of the level\\nground surrounding East Moran Bay. And there it re-\\nmained until the Hurons departure for Detroit, about 1702.\\nSoon after Marquette s departure. Fathers Henry Kouvel and\\nPhilip Pierson, abandoning the old site, built a substantial,\\nthough small, church and an adjoining residence, protected,\\nafter the fashion of the times, by a palisade enclosure. In\\nthis new church Father Marquette s remains were interred,\\nJune 9th, 1677.\\nThere can be no doubt about its position. The Jesuits re-\\nport of 167S places it in close proximity to the Huron fort.\\nSo does LaHontan, in 1688. His plan shows it south of the\\nfort or village, from which he says It is only separated\\nby a palisade enclosure.\\nAnd there it undoubtedly remained until its destruction\\nb}^ fire, al)out 1706.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC.\\n15\\nALGOJS^QITIX VILLAGE AXD CHURCH.\\nSoon after Marquette s departure, several clans of Otawas\\nand kindred tribes all comprised by the missionaries under\\nthe name of Algonquins made their appearance and settled\\non the shore of Lake Huron, a little over two miles from the\\nJesuits residence, accordingly near the bluff called l.\\\\y the\\nIndians the She Rabbit, south of the He Rabbit, or\\nSitting Rabbit (Rabbit s Back). Here too a church, and a\\ndwelling house for the Otawa missionary, w^ere built. Ac-\\ncording to Hennepin, who officiated iu it, it was covered with\\nbark. In 1679, LaSalle honored it with his visit. Of its\\nlater history nothing is known. Besides a floating popula-\\ntion, sometimes not inconsiderable, the Algonquin village\\ncontained, in 1677, as many as 1300 souls, the principal clan\\nbeing that of the Kishkako.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "16\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nREMOVAL OF THE ALGONQUIK VILLAGE.\\nLaHontan, who visited St. Io:nace in the spring of 168S,\\nis silent about that clinrch and settlement, but phices an\\nOtawa village in the immediate neighborhood of the Hurons,\\non East Moran Bay, stating at the same time that during his\\nstay, the Otawas, apprehending some trouble with their\\nHuron friends, began to fortify themselves on a neighboring\\nbluff. From this it would appear that the Algonquins, or\\nOtawas a name then applied to most of the northwestern\\nAlgonquins had, within the last few years, moved about\\ntwo miles south. The former presence of an Lidian popula-\\ntion on the bluff above that part of St. Ignaee popularly\\ncalled Vide Poche^ is proved by the numerous articles of.\\nIndian and French manufacture ploughed up there by some\\nof the present settlers. The local ti adition also places a fort\\non that hi j-ht.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC. 17\\nTHE (3TAWA VILLAGE AT GROS CAP.\\nIn 1(377, or sliortly before, another body of Algonqiiiiis\\nOtawas properly so called came to swell the Indian popula-\\ntion of St. Ignace.\\nThey settled, it appears, on the shore of Lake Michigan,\\nbetween Point La Barbe and Gros Cap. This assumption\\nseems necessary to reconcile the statements, in the Jesuits\\nreport of 1G7S, regarding the respective distances between\\ntheir residence (near the Huron village) and the two Indian\\nsettlements, the Algonquin village and the iSTew Otawa\\nvillage. The existence of a large Otawa settlement near\\nGros Cap, in 1699, is certain from the account given by the\\nMissionary Buisson de St. Come of his journey from Macki-\\nnac to the Lower Mississippi. The party, of wdiich the\\nnoble Tonty w\\\\as one, sent their canoes around the point to\\nthe Otawa village, and w^alked themselves across the port-\\nage. The village counted then about 1500 souls.\\nIn 1702, these Otawas followed Cadillac, w4th the bulk of\\nthe Indian population of St. Ignace, to his new establish-\\nment on the Detroit river, but soon returned to their old\\n(juarters, and finally w^ent over to the northwestern shore of\\nLower Michigan, where their descendants are still living. It\\nwas during their second stay on West Moran Bay that the\\nfamous trader wdio left his name to it lived among them.\\nThe remains of their dead, together with wampum, glass\\nbeads and other articles of Indian and French manufacture,\\nare frequently found in the sandy ground at the head of the\\nlittle Bav.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "18 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nST. FRANCIS BORGIA S CHAPEL.\\nFor the accommodation of the two settlements the\\nAlgonquin Tillage on Lake Hnron, and the new Otawa\\nVillage on Lake Michigan Father Henrj Nouvel built a\\nchurch of bark at a distance of about two and a halt miles\\nfrom the residence and church of St. Ignatius and, in\\nhonor of the first general of the society who sent mission-\\naries to America, named it the church of St. Fi-ancis Borgia.\\nThere, with Father Enjalran, he passed tlie winter of 16T7-S,\\nin a wigwam adjoining the chapel, receiving and instructing\\ndaily frequent visitors from both villages. We do not know\\nhow long that chapel remained in use.\\nDuluth, who spent the winter of 1680-1 in St. Ignace,\\nstill gives Father Enjalran the title of missionary of St.\\nFrancis Borgia.\\nThe (surmised) removal of the Algonquins from the Rab-\\nbit .Buttes must have made the position of the chapel isolated,\\nas it was no longer on the thoroughfare between the two\\nsettlements.\\nTHE FRENCH VILLAGE.\\nThe presence of French settlers at St. Ignace, is first men-\\ntioned at the occasion of Father Marquette s burial. Accord-\\ning to the report of the following year (1678), the singing at\\nthe church of St. Ignatius was alternately in Latin, Huron and\\nFrench. The fur and corn trade kept pace witli the increase\\nof the Indian ]X)pulation. LaSalle s arrival on the Griffon\\n(1679), caused quite a stir in the commercial metropolis of", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKTNAC.\\n19\\nthe West, for nothing less than that the village of St. Ignace\\nwas, and remained, until snpplanted by Detroit. Hennepin,\\nwho wintered at the post (16S0-1), mentions his enrolling\\nforty-two traders into a religious confraternity. LaHontan\\nlocates the houses of the French settlers in two or three I ows\\nalong the bend of the shore, south of the Jesuits residence.\\nAs a matter of course, the whole French population, with the\\nexception of a few lawless coureurs de hois, disappeared\\nwith the removal of the Indians to Detroit.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "20 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nHISTORICAL EVENTS,\\nCHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.\\n1534. James Cartier, a Frenchman, discovered tlie St.\\nLawrence River.\\n1608. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec.\\n1634. Jolm Nicolet passes the straits on his way to and\\nfrom Green Bay.\\n1642. The city of Montreal founded.\\n1650-51. The Indian settlers of the neighborhood to-\\ngetlier with large numbers from Manitoulin, Thunder Bay\\nand Saginaw, mostly Otawas, intimidated by Iroquois prowess\\nretire to Green Bay.\\n1653. Eight hundred Iroquois warriors pass the strait.\\nFailing to take the Huron fort on Green Bay after a pro-\\ntracted siege, they break up, one division marching south, the\\nother sailing northward. Tlie former are cut down by the\\nIllinois, the latter routed by the Ojibwa, Missisaki and Nigik\\n(Otter) Indians, on Lake Huron.\\n1654. Two French traders pass St. Ignace, on their way\\nto Green Bay, they retui-n in 1656 with a large trading party\\n(60 canoes) of Hurons and Otawas.\\n1665, or earlier. Nicolas Perrot passes on his first visit to\\nthe Pottawatomi, on Green Bay.\\n1669. November llrh. Father Allouez passed Point St.\\nIgnace, on his journey from Sault Ste. Marie to Green Bay\\nhe relates the following Indian tradition\\nThey say that this island is the native country of one of their gods, called\\nThe Great Hare, who created the earth, and that it was on this\\nisland that he invented the nets for taking fish, after having attentively", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 21\\nconsidered a spider while constructing its web for catching flies. They\\nbelieve that Lake Superior is a pond made by the beavers, the banks of\\nwhich were double the first, at the place which we call the Sault. the\\nsecond, five leagues lower down. In coming up the river, they say, this\\nsame god first encountered the second embankment, which he tore entirely\\naway and for this reason there are no falls or tur])ulent waters at these\\nrapids as for the first, being in a hurry, he only walked over it and\\ntrampled it to pieces, in consequence of which there still remain large\\nfalls and boiling waters.\\nThis god, they add, while pursuing a beaver in the upper lake, crossed\\nat a single step, a bay eight leagues in width. In view of so powerful an\\nenemy, the beavers thought it best to change their place and consequently\\nwithdrew to another lake; from thence they afterward, by aid of the rivers\\nthat flow from it, arrived nt the North Sea, intending to pass over to\\nFrance; but finding the water bitter (salt), the} lost heart, changed their\\nintentions, and spread themselves among the rivers and lakes of this\\ncountry.\\nThis is the reason wh} there are no beavers in France, and why the\\nFrench have to come here in search of them.\\n1670-71. Father Dabloii, or another Jesuit (possibly\\nMarquette), winters at Michilimackinae, laying the founda-\\ntion of the Mission of St. Ignatius.\\n1071. End of June, or later. The Tionontate Hurons,\\nwith Father Marquette, arrive from Shagawamigong (Ash-\\nland Bay, L. S.)\\nAutumn. The Ota was of Manitoulin, on the war-path\\nagainst the Sioux, arrive with a large supply of arms\\nand ammunition lately obtained in Montreal. Joined by\\nthe Hurons of the new settlement, and on Green Bay\\nby the Pottawatomies, Sacs and Foxes, they march tfirough\\nnorthern Wisconsin a well-armed body of a thousand war-\\nriors and confidently attack the Sioux in the St. Croix\\nYalley. Utterly defeated, they retreat through the snow-\\ncovered \\\\voods, amidst sufferings and privations that lead to\\nacts of cannibalism. The heavy loss sustained by the\\nHurons, who bravely covered the rear, accounts for the\\ndiminished numbers of the tribe, as stated by Marquette.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "22 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1672. The Huroiis build their fortified village on East\\nMoran Bay. December 8th, Joliet arrives and winters at\\nSt. Ignace.\\n1073. May 17th, Joliet and Marquette, with live other\\nFrenchmen, start on their voyage of discovery.\\n1073 or 74. A large body of Otawas and other Algon-\\nqnins, principally Kishkakos, coming from Manitoulin and\\nthe opposite shore settle near Rabbit s Back. Father Henry\\nNouvel, Superior of the Otawa Missions, takes charge of\\nthem. Father Philip Pierson becomes pastor of the Hnrons.\\n1674-75. The second and permanent church of St. Igna-\\ntius and the Jesuits residence are built at the side of the\\nHuron village.\\n1075. i^ovember Sth, Father Nouvel, with two French\\ncompanions, starts on a journey to Saginaw Bay and the\\ninterior of Lower Michigan. He arrives near the head\\nwaters of Chippewa River, December 7th, builds a chapel\\n(the first on the Lower Peninsula), and winters with the\\nhunters of the Amik (Beaver) Clan.\\n1676, or thereabouts. Another large body of Otawas\\narrive and settle near Gros Cap, on Lake Michigan.\\n1677. June 7th, The Kishkako Indians, accompanied by\\na number of Iroquois, bring Father Marquette s remains to\\nSt. Ignace, where they are interred, on the following day,\\nwithin the Jesuits chapel.\\nOctober. Father Enjalran arrives to assist Father Nouvel\\nin the Otawa Mission.\\n1677-78. Father Nouvel builds the chapel of St. Francis\\nBorgia in the woods, between Rabbit s Back and Gros Cap.\\nHimself and Father Enjalran winter there. The French\\nand Indian trade begins to assume larger proportions.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 23\\nLASALLE, HEI^NEPIK AXD HENRY DE TONTY\\nARRIYE AT MICHILIMACKmAC, ON\\nTHE GRIFFOK\\n1679. LaSalle, on his first expedition to Illinois, arrives\\nand spends some days at the settlement.\\nThe most remarkable character among the explorers\\nof the Mississippi Yalley, in the latter half of the seven-\\nteenth century, was Robert Cavelier de LaSaile. Viewed\\nin the light and sense of worldly enterprise, he is to be con-\\nsidered as surpassing al-1 others in lofty and comprehensive\\naims, in determined energy and unyielding courage, both\\nmoral and physical. He faltered at no laborious undertak-\\ning; no distrust by nerveless friends, no jealous envy or\\nschemes of active enemies, no misfortune damped the ardor\\nof his plans and movements. If there was a mountain in\\nhis track, he could scale it if a lion beset his path, he could\\ncrush it. Kothing but the hand of the lurking assassin\\ncould quench the fire of that brave heart. We may briefly\\nsay, that LaSalle was born in the city of Rouen, France,\\nNovember 22, 1643. The name LaSalle was borrowed from\\nan estate, in the neighborhood of Rouen, belonging to his\\nfamily, the Caveliers. Robert was educated at one of the\\nJesuit seminaries, and as one of that order he continued a\\nshort time but in 1666, he came to America, and it is said\\nthat he made early exploration to the Ohio, and was possibly\\nnear the Mississippi before Joliet and Marquette s voyage\\nhither. We can here only allude to a few items and facts in\\nLaSalle s career. It was a marked incident, and so appears\\non the historic page, when LaSalle, in 1679, voyaged to\\nGreen Bay on the Grilfon, the first sail vessel of the lakes\\nabove the Falls, and which he had built on the bank of", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "24 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nCayuga Creek, a tribiitary of the ^Niagara. But that busi-\\nness trip was a mere pleasure excursion when compared with\\ntlie efforts required of him to engineer and bring about cer-\\ntain indispensable preparations, involving ways and means,\\nbefore the keel of that renowned craft should be laid, and\\nbefore she spread her wings to the breeze and departed out-\\nward from Buffalo Harbor of the future. And what an\\nunhesitating morning-walk was that of his, in 1680, when\\nhe set out on foot from the Fort which (not him) they termed\\nBroken Hearty where Peoria now is, to go, some twelve\\nhundred miles perhaps, to Fort Frontenac, where Kingston\\nnow is, at the lower end of Lake Ontario. His unyield-\\ning purpose was not to be delayed, but accelerated, by\\nthe avalanche of misfortune which had fallen on him.\\nHe could not wait for railroads, nor turnpikes, nor civil-\\nization he could not even wait for a canoe navigation,\\nfor it was early spring in the month of March when\\nthe ice still lingered by the lake shores, and was running\\nthickly in the streams. So, with one Indian and four\\nwhite men, with a small supply of edibles, yet with a\\nlarge stock of resolution, he took his w\\\\ay. The journey\\nwas accomplished, and he was back on Lake Michigan\\nin the autunm ensuing. It has been suggested that his\\nown enduring, iron nature, as it might be called unbending\\nas it was in its requirements of others served, perhaps, to\\ncreate enmities and to occasion the iinal catastrophe. It\\nmay have been so but whatever view may be taken, the\\ndoings of LaSalle must be called wonderful, his misfortunes\\nnumberless, and his death sad. The day on which LaSalle\\nwas killed is said to have been March 19, 1687.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 25\\nHENEY DE TOXTY.\\nThere is luncli of romantic interest in tlie life of Henry\\nde Tonty which will ever attract attention to the story of\\nhis experience in the wilds of America. He was born in\\nNaples, Italy, in or near the year 1650. In a memoir, said\\nto be written by him in 1693, he says After having Ijeen\\neight years in the French service, by land and by sea, and\\nhaving had a hand shot off in Sicily by a grenade, I resolved\\nto return to France to solicit employment. It was at the\\ntime when LaSalle had returned from America, and was\\ngetting recruits of means for his Western enterprise. The\\nprime minister of Louis XIY., he that was called the great\\nColbert, knowing the soldier Tonty well, specially provided\\nthat the important project to be undertaken by LaSalle should\\nhave the benefit of the personal aid of Tonty, who, though\\nmaimed and sino-le-handed, was yet readv to o-o forth to dare\\nand to do. Tonty says: We sailed from Eochelle on the\\n14th of July, 16TS, and arrived at Quebec on the 15th of\\nSeptember following. We can not, of course, attempt to\\nfollow the brave and caj^able lieutenant of LaSalle in his\\nvarious movements, even if we had a knowledge of them\\nyet we may say, that if a trustful agent or manager was\\nneeded for any adventure by LaSalle, Tonty was the man to\\nfill the requirement. If a fort was wanted, he was the\\narchitect and overseer to construct it if a peaceable envoy to\\nthe Indians was required, he w^as the gifted embassador if a\\ntribe needed chastisement in battle, he was the able captain\\nof the forces. We need not cite examples. Tonty was pro-\\nvided with some sort of a metallic arrangement as a substi-\\ntute for the loss of part of an arm and he was known, it is\\nsaid, far and near, among the tribes of red men, as La Bras", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "26 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nde Fer, or, The man ivith the iron arm. If we rightly\\nremember, more than one tale has been constructed by novel-\\nwriters, with its scenes laid in the Far West, presenting Tonty\\nas the principal character. In long time past, an island at\\nthe lower end of Lake Ontario was known as, and called, the\\nIsle of Tonty^ being named after our hero the man with\\nthe iron arm but the name was afterward changed to that\\nof Amherst. Whatever the deserts of tlie titled General\\nJeffrey Amherst may have been, Henry de Tonty was the\\ngreater man of the two. Tonty died at Fort St. Louis, on\\nMobile Bav, in the year 1701:.\\nLOUIS HENNEPIN.\\nLouis Hennepin, a Recollect of the order of St. Francis,\\nwas born at Ath, France, in 161:5. He sailed for Canada\\nin 1675, on the Saint Honore. LaSalle was, also a pas-\\nsenger on tlie same vessel.\\nHennepin left Quebec in 1678, and set out with LaSalle to\\nexplore the country lying south and west of Lake Michigan.\\nOn Cayuga Creek, a tributary of the Niagara Hiver, into\\nwhich it empties from the American side, five miles above\\nthe Falls, LaSalle built the Griffon, upon which they\\nembarked, setting sail August 7th, arriving atMichilimackinac\\nAugust 27th, 1679.\\nFrom his minute description of the bay, the shore, etc., the\\nRev. Edward Jacker says The Bay where the Griffon\\nanchored is that which is overlooked by two steep and rocky\\nbluffs famous in Indian tradition, and called by the Indians\\nHe and She Rabbit. The former is known as Rab-\\nbit s Back. The Kiskakon Otawas were there in 1677.\\n1679. They arrived at Green Bay September 22d, and\\nfrom there LaSalle sent the Griffon back, and it is sup-", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "IIISTOKICAL KVJCNTS.\\nHon. P. AV. HOMBACH,\\nFirst Postmaster of the City of St. Ignace. IVIic n.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "28 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nposed to have been wrecked off the entrance to Green Ba}^\\nas a severe storm arose, and it did not reach Michihnackinac.\\nAfter various misliaps Hennepin reached the Mississippi,\\nwhich he ascended to the Falls of St. Anthony, in the sprino-\\nof 1680.\\n1680. Dulnth and Hennepin arrive from the Upper Mis-\\nsissippi, by way of Green Bay. They winter at St. Ignace.\\n1681. LaSalle passes St. Ignace on his second journey to\\nIllinois. M. De Yilleraye is appointed commandant by\\nFrontenac about this time.\\n1683. The fur trade declines in consequence of the\\ndanger of transportation, occasioned by Iroquois hostility.\\nHence distress among the traders, and dissatisfaction among\\nthe Indians.\\n1681. Mons. De La Durantaye in command at Michili-\\nmackinac. The French and Indian forces commanded by\\nDe La Durantaye, with Duluth as lieutenant, and Perrot as\\nmanager of the Otawas, set out to join in De La Barrels\\ninglorious expedition against the Iroquois.\\nThe Indian estimation of French power and valor is on the\\nwane. During De La Durantaye s absence, M. De La Yal-\\ntrie acts as commandant.\\n1685. All the French in the Upper Lake region are ])laced\\nunder the authority of the commandant of Michilimackinac\\n(M. De La Durantaye). This measure remaining in force\\nuntil the abandonment of the post. Michilimackinac, already\\nthe commercial emporium of the Xorthwest, becomes also its\\nmilitary centre.\\nNicolas Perrot arrives with orders from the governor, pro-\\nhibiting the Otawas to march against the Foxes on Green\\nBay. He succeeds in restoring peace between the two tribes\\nthrough the intermediation of an Ojibwa chief, whose daugh-\\nter (a captive among the Foxes) he saves from the stake and\\nrestores to her father.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 29\\n1686. Dissatisfaction among tlie Indians. Most of the\\nclans are leaning towards the Iroquois and the English, as the\\nstronger party and better able to supply their wants. The\\nEnglish endeavor to bring about a rupture by forwarding\\nsupplies and liquor to Michilimackinac.\\n1687. De La Durantaye sets out with the French force to\\ntake part in Denonville s expedition against the Senecas. He\\narrests, in the neighborhood of the settlement, thirty English\\ntraders, and as many more on Lake Erie. The timely arrival\\nof Perrot with the Green Bay Indians obviates the necessity\\nof the commandant returning with the prisoners, too numer-\\nous for his safety, in a hostile neighborhood. He proceeds\\nto IS^iagara, where the Otawas and Hurons, marching over-\\nland from Lake Huron, join him they take part in a victori-\\nous attack on 800 Iroquois (July). The capture of those\\nEnglish parties probably prevented the massacre of the\\nFrench in Michilimackinac, by the Hurons and Otawas.\\n1688. May. LaHontan arrives with a small force (from\\na fort near the outlet of Lake Huron), and spends a month in\\nthe settlement. He obtains with difficulty a supply of corn.\\nThe Otawas, distrusting the Hurons, fortify themselves on\\nthe Bluff, north of East Moran Bay. Joutel, Cavelier, and\\nother survivors of LaSalle s expedition to Texas (liaving\\nwintered on Green Bay) pass the settlement on their way to\\nQuebec and France. Kondiaronk, or Le Rat, the great\\nHuron chief, departs at the head of one hundred men against\\nthe Iroquois, but plots with them the desti uction of the Ota-\\nwas by stratagem. The plot proves abortive, in consequence\\nof Perrot and tlie missionaries gaining knowledge of it\\nLe Rat confesses his guilt. Perrot, returning from the Mis-\\nsissippi with three female Ojibwa prisoners delivered to him\\nby the Foxes, snatches five Iroquois warriors from the stake,\\nto which they were condemned by the Otawas, in spite of the\\ncommandant s and the missionaries remonstrances.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "30 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1689-90. The Otawas, at the instigation of the Hurons,\\ni-esume their project of effecting a reconciliation with the\\nIroquois. They send back to the Senecas the prisoners taken\\nfrom them, and make arrangements for a meeting in the fol-\\nlowing year. Father De Carheil, being informed of their\\nplan, warns the governor by a messenger sent in the winter.\\nFrontenac prepares a large convoy to reinforce Michilimack-\\ninac.\\n1690. Spring. The Otawas take steps towards an alli-\\nance with the Iroquois, and as a token of good will medi-\\ntate the massacre of the French traders.\\nEnd of June or beginning of July. The post is saved by\\nthe arrival of M. De La Porte Louvigny (who relieved Du-\\nrantaye as commandant), with Perrot, and with an Iroquois\\nprisoner, the evidence of a victory gained on tlie Otawa\\nEiver over a waylaying party (June 2d). The prisoner is\\ngiven, for execution, to the vacillating Hurons, who, dreading\\na final breach with the Iroquois, are disposed to spare him\\nbut yielding to the commandant s peremptory order, brain\\nhim after a short torture.\\nPerrot, boldly haranguing the chiefs, assembled at the\\nJesuits residence, reproaches them with their treachery, and\\nendeavors to show them the folly of doubting the power\\nof the French. They promise to amend.\\n1691. De Courtemanche and De Kepentigny arrive with\\nthe news of the French victory over the English fleet before\\nQuebec.\\n1692. Otawa and Huron warriors co-operate in driving\\nthe Iroquois from the St. Lawrence, and in the invasion of\\ntheir territory by detached parties.\\nAugust. Two hundred Otawas from Michilimackinac\\narrive at Montreal in quest of munition.\\n1693. A great amount of fur is waiting transportation\\non account of the Iroquois infesting the Otawa, the Indians", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n31\\nSouth Saiiy-Port,", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "32 ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAC.\\nwill not venture the journey without a sufficient escort.\\nFrontenac being informed, despatches the Sieur d Argenteuil\\nwith orders for the commandant to send all the French he\\ncan spare down with the convoy.\\nAugust ttth. Two hundred canoes from Michilimackinac,\\nfreighted with 80,000 francs worth of beaver, arrive at\\nMontreal, together with the principal chiefs of the western\\ntribes. A great council is held, and the Indians return\\ncharmed with the governor s manner, and laden with\\npresents.\\n1694, July. De Louvigny leaves for the colony with a\\ngreat convoy of furs.\\nThe Hurons contemplating a removal, are again suspected\\nof treacherous intentions. Opposed in their purpose by the\\ncommandant and the Otawas, one half of the tribe consent\\nto stay the other half go to live with the Miamis on the\\nSt. Joseph Kiver. (M. Tilly De Courtemanche commandant\\nthere, since 1693.)\\nDe La Porte Louvigny is superseded by De La Motte\\nCadillac, the last commandant of Ancient Michilimackinac.\\n(Louvigny becomes afterwards [1712] first commandant of\\nNew Michilimackinac, co^nmonly called Old Mackinac\\n1695. Cadillac advises the governor of the necessity of a\\ngn.nd expedition against the Iroquois in order to prevent\\nthe defection of the western tribes. Frontenac contents\\nhimself with harrassing the enemy, in which he is aided by\\nMichilimackinac Indians, who return with a great number of\\nprisoners.\\nAt a great meeting of western chiefs in Montreal, Fron-\\ntenac emphatically gives them to understand that they must\\nlook upon every French officer, residing among them, as sub-\\nject to the orders of the one in command at Michilimackinac.\\nThe officers in command at the several posts, at that\\nperiod, are Tilly De Courtemanche, D Ailleboust De Mantet,", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 33\\nD Ailleboust D Argeiiteuil, De Lisle, Vincennes, La De-\\ncoiiverte, and Perrot.\\nLe Baron, a Huron chief, concludes a treaty with the\\nIroquois. Cadillac with difficulty succeeds in suspending\\nits execution. An Indian deputation goes to Montreal to\\ninsist (as advised by the commandant) on a reduction in the\\nprices of goods. Frontenac partly satisfies them.\\n1696. The Hurons and some Otawas are already hunting\\nwith the Iroquois.\\nCadillac dispatches a war party, consisting chieliy of\\nPottawatomies and Algonquins. The Iroquois, though warned\\nby the Hurons, lose thirty scalps, and thirty-two prisoners,\\nwho are brought to Michilimackinac. Some Hurons found\\namong them are restored to their tribe.\\nIn consequence of the Hurons machinations but few\\nMichilimackinac Indians take part in the campaign against\\nthe Onondago and Oneida.\\nD Argenteuil starts with 50 Frenchmen, but arrives too\\nlate.\\nLe Baron with thirty Huron families goes to settle near\\nAlbany. Kondiaronk, now permanently gained over to the\\nFrench cause by Father de Carheil, prevents the rest of the\\ntribe from following them.\\n1697. Frontenac, in reply to the king s order (of 1695,\\nreceived late in 1696), insists on the posts of Michilimacki-\\nnac and St. Joseph being retained, with a garrison sufficient\\nto keep off English traders (twelve or fifteen soldiers with\\nan officer), and on twenty-five canoe loads of goods being\\nannually sent to each place. His advice prevails in the king s\\ncouncil.\\nRumors of an impending war with England arriving,\\nCadillac starts with a great number of Frenchmen, and three\\nhundred Sacs, Pottawatomies, Otawas and Hurons. They\\narrive in Montreal towards the end of August.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "84 ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAC.\\n1700, September 8th. Kondiaronk and a deputy of the\\nfour Otawa clans sign a provisional treaty of j^eace with the\\nIroquois, at Montreah\\nDe Conrtemanche and Father Enjah-an go to visit the\\nother western tribes and persuade them to accede to the\\ntreaty.\\n1701. Otawa hunters fight a party of Iroquois w^ho tres-\\npass on their grounds, and bring the chief to Michilimacki-\\nnac as a prisoner.\\nDe Conrtemanche and Father Enjalran, greatly aided by\\nKondiaronk, bring their negotiations with the tribes to a snc-\\ncessful issue. Father Enjalran leaves Michilimackiiuac in\\nJune, with two liberated Iroquois prisoners. Conrtemanche\\nstarts after the arrival of the Indian delegates, with a fleet\\nof 111 canoes.\\nSieur De La Motte Cadillac founded the present city of\\nDetroit, building Fort Pontchartrain, near the present Jeffer-\\nson avenue, Shelbj^ and Woodbridge streets.\\nAt the great meeting convened at Montreal, August 1st,\\nfor the conclusion of peace between the Iroquois, and the\\nFrench and their allies (Illinois, Miamis, Kickaj^oos, Foxes,\\nWinnebagos, Pottawatomies, Menomonees, Otawas, Ojil)-\\nwas, Ilurons, Algon quins, Abenakis and others, being repre-\\nsented), Kondiaronk, almost in a dying state, makes a last\\nspeech of great effect. He dies the following night, and is\\nburied, with great demonstrations of respect, in the principal\\nchurch of Montreal.\\nAugust 4th. At the last general assembly (1,300 Indians\\nbeing present), the treaty is signed by thirty- eight deputies.\\nThe Otawas of Michilimackinac ask for Father Enjalran\\nand Nicolas Perrot, and insist on the prohibition of the\\nliquor trade in their countr3\\\\\\nThe French court unable to cope with the evils springing\\nfrom the system of trading licenses, ineffectually orders the", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n35\\nREV. FATHER EDAVARD JACKER,\\nDiscoverer of Marquette s Grave.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "36 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nevacuation of the post and the retnrn into the colony of all\\nsoldiers and traders [coureurs de hois), in the West.\\n1702-3. The Hurons and a part of the (3tawas, upon\\nCadillac s pressing invitation, remove to Detroit.\\n1705. The remaining Otawas having broken the peace,\\nDeLouvigny comes to bring them to reason. He retnrns to\\nthe colony with Iroquois prisoners given up to him by the\\nOtawas. De Vincennes follows with the chiefs. They apolo-\\ngize to the Iroquois, and peace is restored.\\nNot a single Christian Indian remaining the Otawas,\\nsince the departure of the Hurons proving unmanageable,\\nand the licentiousness of the bush-lopers {coureurs de hois)\\nexceeding all bounds, the missionaries (De Carheil, Marest,\\nand perhaps Enjalran) burn the church and house, and leave\\nfor Quebec. Governor General de Yaudreuil sends orders\\nto all the French at Michilimackinac to come down to the\\ncolony.\\n1712. Governor General de Vaudreuil sent De Lonvigny\\nto re-establish Fort Michilimackinac, which he did, but on\\nthe south shore.\\n1721. Peter Francis Xavier Charlevoix at Michilimack-\\ninac.\\n172S. Sieur Marchand De Lignery s expedition at Mich-\\nilimackinac.\\n1730. Sieur De Buisson in command at Michilimackinac.\\n1761. As a consequence of the surrender of Quebec, on\\nthe ISth of September, 1759, the French-Canadian posts\\nwere given up to the British, but the latter did not arrive at\\nMichilimackinac until September 28th, 1761, when Captain\\nBelfour, of the 80th Regiment, arrived from Detroit with a\\ndetachment of the 60th and 80th Regiments. Leaving\\nLieutenant Leslie, of the Royal American or 60th Regiment,\\nwith one sergeant, one corporal, one drummer, and twenty-", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTOEICAL EVENTS. 37\\nfive privates of the same regiment, Captain Belfonr and his\\nparty, on October 1st, proceeded to Green Bay, Wis.\\nAlthougli the British occupied and controlled Canada, it\\nwas not formally ceded to Great Britain until 1763.\\nThe preliminaries of peace were signed at Fontainebleau,\\nNovember 3d, 1762, between the courts of France, Spain\\nand Great Britain. By the definitive treaty signed at Paris,\\nFebruary 10th, 1763, by these three great powers together\\nwith Portugal, Canada was ceded to Great Britain, and\\nLouisiana to Spain in exchange for Florida, and the Bay of\\nPensacola, which Spain gave up to Great Britain to recover\\nCuba.\\nLouisiana was retroceded to France by the treaty of St.\\nIdelfonso, October 1st, 1800, and purchased from France by\\nthe United States in 1803..\\nCOIs^SPIKACY OF POXTIAC.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a21763. LTnder this conspiracy eleven posts were attacked,\\nand eight captured.\\nJune 2d. Fort Michiliniackinac was captured. The gar-\\nrison consisted of Captain Etherington, Lieutenants Jamet and\\nLeslie, and about thirty -five men. A band of Chippewas,\\nwhile playing a game of ball just outside of the Fort, knocked\\nthe ball, as if by accident, so that it fell inside the stockade;\\nthe players rushed after it, and seizing their weapons from\\nsquaws, who had them concealed Under their blankets, and\\nhad previously entered the Fort as a part of the plot, they\\nraised the war-whoop and fell upon the garrison. Lieutenant\\nJamet and fifteen men were killed. Captain Etherington and\\nLieutenant Leslie, who were watching the game of ball, and\\nthe rest of the garrison were taken prisoners they were after-\\nwards ransomed by Lieutenant Gorelland his command from\\nthe Fort at Green Bay.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "38 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1780. July lotli. The British abandon the Fort at Old\\nMackinac and transfer the garrison to Mackinac Island,\\nwhere they build the present Fort Mackinac. The history\\nof Modern Mackinac pro}3erly begins at this date.\\n1783. By the definitive treaty of peace between Great\\nBritain and the United States, made and signed at Paris, Sep-\\ntember 3d, 1783, by David Hartley on the part of Great\\nBritain, and by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John\\nJay on the part of the United States, the post of Michili\\nmackinac fell within the boundary of the United States, but\\nunder various pretenses the English refused to withdraw their\\ntroops, and occupied it witli other lake posts.\\n1794 By the second article of the treaty of amity, com-\\nmerce and navigation, between Great Britain and the United\\nStates, concluded at London, England, November 19th, 1794,\\nand signed by Baron Grenville, on the part of Great Britain,\\nand by Hon. John Jay, on the part of the United States\\n(ratifications exchanged October 28th, 1795, and proclaimed\\nFebruary 29th, 1796), it was stipulated that from all posts\\nwithin the boundary lines assigned, by the treaty of peace to\\nthe United States, the British troops should be withdrawn on\\nor before June 1st, 1796.\\n1795. By stipulation 13, article 3, of a treaty of peace\\nbetween the United States and the tribes of Indians called\\nthe Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Otawas, Chippewas,\\nPottawatomies, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Pinke-\\nshaws and Kaskaskias, made at Greenville, Ohio, on the 3d\\nof August, 1795, and signed by General Anthony Wayne, on\\nthe part of the United States, and by the Sachems and War-\\nchiefs of the said tribes, the Indians ceded to the United\\nStates the post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the\\nisland on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent,\\non which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or\\ngrants, to the French or English Governments and a piece", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n39\\nView from Steps of P. E. Church.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "40 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nof land on the main to the north of the island, to measure\\nsix miles, on Lake Hnron, or the strait between Lakes Hnron\\nand Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water\\nof the lake or strait and also, the island Bois Blanc, the\\nlatter being an extra and voluntary gift of the Cliip])ewa\\nnation.\\n1796. October. Two companies of United States troops,\\nunder the command of Major Henry Burbeck, with Captain\\nAbner Prior and Lieutenants Ebenezer Massay and John\\nMichael, arrived and took possession of the post of Michili-\\nmackinac.\\n1S02. hi the year ISOO the Connecticut Missionary So-\\nciety sent Kev. David Bacon (fatiier of the late Rev. Dr.\\nLeonard Bacon, of [N^ew Haven, who was born in Detroit in\\n1802) as a missionary to our frontier; he arrived at Detroit\\nAugust 11th,. ISOO, where he was entertained at the house of\\nthe commandant, Major Thomas Hunt, IT. S. A.\\nMr. Bacon left Detroit, with his family, and came to\\nMackinac in June, 1802, where he renudned, teaching and\\npreaching until August, 1801, when he was recalled.\\nRev. David Bacon was the Jirst Protestant who preached\\nat Mackinac.\\n1812. June 18th, war with Great Britain was declared by\\nthe Congress of the United States by a vote of 79 to 10 in\\nthe House, and 19 to 13 in the Senate. June 19th, war was\\nformally proclaimed by President Madison.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n41\\nMAJ. ^WM. WHISTLER, U. S. A.\\nCommanding Fort Mackinac, 1833.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "42 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nSURRENDER OF FORT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\nDetroit, August 4th, 1812.\\nSir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint Your Excellency of\\nthe surrender of the garrison of Michilimackinac, under my command, to\\nhis Britannic Majesty s forces under the command of Captain Charles\\nRoberts, on the 17th ultimo, the particulars of which are as follows: .On\\nthe 16th, I was informed by the Indian Interpreter that he had discovered\\nfrom an Indian that the several nations of Indians then at St. Joseph (a\\nBritish garrison, distant about forty miles) intended to make an imme-\\ndiate attack on Michilimackinac.\\nI was inclined, from the coolness I had discovered in some of the prin-\\ncipal chiefs of the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, who had but a few days\\nbefore professed the greatest friendship for the United States, to place\\nconfidence in this report.\\nI immediately called a meeting of the American gentlemen at that time\\non the island, in which it was thought proper to dispatch a confidential\\nperson to St. Joseph to watch the motions of the Indians.\\nCaptain Michael Dousman, of the militia, was thought the most suitable\\nfor this service. He embarked about sunset, and met the British forces\\nwithin ten or fifteen miles of the island, by whom he was made prisoner\\nand put on his parole of honor. He was landed on the island at day-\\nbreak, with positive directions to give me no intelligence whatever. He\\nwas also instructed to take the inhabitants of the village, indiscriminately,\\nto a place on the west side of the island where their persons and property\\nshould be protected by a British guard, but should they go to the Fort,\\nthey would be subject to a general massacre by the savages, which would\\nbe inevitable if the garrison fired a gun. This information I received\\nfrom Doctor Day, who was passing through the village when every person\\nwas flying for refuge to the enemy. I immediately, on being informed\\nof the approach of the enemy, placed ammunition, etc., in the Block\\nhouses; ordered every gun charged, and made every preparation for\\naction. About 9 o clock I could discover that the enemy were in posses-\\nsion of the heights that commanded the Fort, and one piece of their artil-\\nlery directed* to the most defenceless part of the garrison. The Indians\\nat this time were to be seen in great numbers in the edge of the woods.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 43\\nAt half-past 11 o clock the enemy sent in a flag of truce, demanding a sur-\\nrender of the Fort and island to his Britannic Majesty s forces. This, Sir,\\nwas the tirst information I had of the declaration of war; I, however, had\\nanticipated it, and was as well prepared to meet such an event as I pos-\\nsibly could have been with the force under my command, amounting\\nto 57 effective men, including officers. Three American gentlemen, who\\nwere prisoners, were permitted to accompany the flag: from them I ascer-\\ntained the strength of the enemy to be from nine hundred to one thousand\\nstrong, consisting of regular troops, Canadians and savages that they\\nhad two pieces of artillery, and were provided with ladders and ropes for\\nthe purpose of scaling the works, if necessary. After I had obtained this\\ninformation, I consulted my officers, and also the American gentlemen\\npresent, who were very intelligent men the result of which was, that it\\nwas impossible for the garrison to hold out against such a superior force.\\nIn this opinion I fully concurred, from the conviction that it was the only\\nmeasure that could prevent a general massacre. The Fort and garrison\\nwere accordingly surrendered.\\nThe enclosed papers exhibit copies of the correspondence between the\\nofficer commanding the British forces and myself, and of the articles of\\ncapitulation. This subject involved questions of a peculiar nature; and\\nI hope, Sir, that my demands and protests will meet the approbation of\\nmy government. I cannot allow this opportunity to escape without ex-\\npressing my obligation to Doctor Sylvester Day, for the service he ren-\\ndered me in conducting this correspondence.\\nIn consequence of this unfortunate affair, I beg leave. Sir, to demand\\nthat a Court of Inquiry may be ordered to investigate all the facts con-\\nnected with it; and I do further request, that the court may be specially\\ndirected to express their opinion on the merits of the case.\\nI have the honour to be, Sir, etc.\\nHis Excellency General Hull,\\nCommanding the N. W. Army.\\nPORTER HANKS,\\nLieutenant of Artillery.\\nP. S. The following particulars relating to the British force were ob-\\ntained after the capitulation, from a source that admits of no doubt:", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "44 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nRegular troops 46 including 4 officers.\\nCanadian militia 260\\nTotal 306\\nSavages,\\nSioux 56\\nWinnebagoes 48\\nMenomonees 39\\nCliippewas and Ottawas -572\\n715 Savages.\\n306 Whites.\\nTotal 1021\\nIt may also be remarked, that one hundred and tifty Chippewas and\\nOttawas joined the British two days after the capitulation.\\nP. H.\\nMrcHiLTMACKiNAC, Micli., July 17th, 1812.\\nCAPITULATION\\nAgreed upon between Captain Charles Roberts, commanding 1m Britannic\\nMajesty s forces, on the one pari, and Lieutennnt Porter Hanks,\\ncommanding the forces of the United States, on the other.\\nAllTICLES.\\nI. The Fort of Michilimackinac shall immediatel} be surrendered to the\\nBritish forces. Granted.\\nII. The garrison shall march out with the lionours of war, lay down\\ntheir arms, and become prisoners of war, and shall be sent to the United\\nStates of America by his Britannic Majesty. Not to serve in this war until\\nregularly exchanged; and for the due performance of this article the offi-\\ncers pledge their word of honour. Granted.\\nIII. All the merchant vessels in the harbour, with their cargoes, shall\\nbe in the possession of their respective owners. Granted.\\nlY. Private property shall be held sacred. Granted.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 45\\nV. All citizens of the Uuited States of America who shall not take the\\noath of allegiance to his Britannic Majesty, shall depart with their prop-\\nerty from the island in one month from the date hereof. Granted.\\n(Signed) CHARLES ROBERTS,\\nCommanding H. B. Majesty s forces.\\nPORTER HANKS,\\nCommanding the forces of the\\nUnited States of America.\\nJSToTES. Dr. Sylvester Day, U. S. A., was the Surgeon at\\ntlie Fort. He and his family resided at the time in a house\\nbelonging to the late Samuel Abbott, which stood on a lot now\\nowned and cultivated as a garden by Mr. Patrick Donnelly,\\non the east side of and adjoining his residence on Astor\\nstreet. Mr. Michael Doiisman went to the house and told\\nthe inmates of the presence of the British on the island.\\nDr. Day immediately arose, and taking his family (one of\\nwhom, his son, is now General Hannibal Day, U. S. A.),\\nwent to the Fort and warned the garrison of the approach of\\nthe foe.\\nHis Majesty s forces were under the command of Captain\\nCharles Roberts, of the Tenth Royal Veteran Battalion, and\\nconsisted of forty regulars of the same regiment, with two\\nsix-pounders, which were embarked at St. Joseph on board\\nthe W. Co. s ship, Caledonia two hundred and sixty\\nCanadians, with their employes, and four hundred Indians,\\nwith ten batteaux and seventy canoes.\\nThe American troops numbered sixty-three persons, in-\\ncluding live sick men and one drummer boy.\\nThere were nine vessels in the harbor, having on board\\nforty-seven men. After the capitulation two other vessels\\narrived, with seven hundred packs of furs.\\nThe prisoners were sent to Detroit, arriving there August\\n4th, thence to Fort Fayette, where Pittsburg, Pa., now", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "46 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nStands, wliere a roll shows tliem to have been mustered on\\nthe 17th day of ISTovember, 1812.\\nLieutenant Hanks was killed August 16, while still on\\nparole, by a shot fired from the Canadian side, while he was\\nstanding in the gateway of the fort at Detroit.\\nThe citizens sought refuge in an old distillery, which was\\nsituated under the bluff near the old Indian burying ground,\\nwest of the village. The British sent a guard there imme-\\ndiately after landing.\\nThe three American gentlemen (prisoners) referred to by\\nLieutenant Hanks, went from the distillery to Captain Rob-\\nerts command. They were Samuel Abbott, John Dousman\\nand Ambrose Davenport, all prominent citizens of the\\nvillage, and well calculated to comprehend the true state of\\naffairs.\\nFort Holmes was built while the British held possession of\\nthe island, in 1812 and 1811. The inhabitants of the village\\nwere all forced to contribute labor.\\nIt was called by the British Fort George, in honor of the\\nBritish king afterward rechristened by the Americans in\\nhonor of Major Andrew Hunter Holmes, who was killed\\nAugust 4, 1814.\\nThe old ditches can be plainly seen the parapet was pro-\\ntected by cedar pickets, so planted as to render scaling im-\\npossible without a ladder. The covered u ays, constructed\\nto shelter the troops, have fallen in. In the centre of the\\nenclosure there was a building used as a block-house and\\npowder magazine. It was removed by the Americans, and\\nis now used as the government stable.\\nThe platform that now crowns the summit, and commands\\na magnificent view of the Straits and the surrounding coun-\\ntry, was built by Captain, afterward Colonel, John N. Ma-\\ncomb, during a survey of the lakes in 1819. As you stand\\non this platform, three hundred and twenty feet above the", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n47\\nlevel of the surrounding water, facing toward the tlag-staif\\nin the Fort, on your right is Point St. Ignace, four miles\\ndistant, the southern extremity of the northern peninsula of\\nMichigan nearly in front of you lies Mackinaw City eight\\nmiles distant, on the northern point of the southern penin-\\nBlock House. Built in 1780.\\nsula, a little to the right, is where old Fort Michilimackinac\\nstood, where the massacre of June 2d, 1763, took place a\\nlittle farther to the left Cheboygan, eighteen miles distant,\\nand off to the left, where the northern shore and the water\\nseem to mingle and disappear together, is the mouth of the\\nSt. Marv s River, thirtv-seven miles distant.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "48 ANNAIsS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nNAVAL BATTLE ON LAKE EKIE.\\n1813. September 10th, the hostile lieets of CTi-eat Britain\\nand tlie United States, on Lake Erie, met near the head of\\nthe Lake, and a sanguinary battle ensued. The British fleet\\nconsisted of six vessels, carrying sixty-four guns, under com-\\nmand of the veteran Commodore Barclay, Lud the fleet of\\nthe United States consisted of nine vessels, carrying fifty-\\nfour guns, under command of the young and brave Commo-\\ndore Oliver H. Perry. The result of this important conflict\\nwas made known to the world in the following laconic dis-\\npatch, written at 4 r. m. of that day\\nDear General: We have met the enemy, and they are ours. Two\\nships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop.\\nWith esteem, etc.,\\nO. H. PERRY.\\nGeneral William H. Harrison.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n49\\nBlock House, Built in 1780.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "50 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nBATTLE OF MICHILIMACKINAC.\\nREPORT OF COL. GEORGE CROGHAN.\\nU, S. S. War Niagara, off Thunder bay,\\nAugust 9tli, 1814.\\ngiK_We left Fort Gratiot (head of the straits St. Clair) on the 12th\\nult. and imagined that we sliould arrive in a few days at Malsliadash Bay.\\nAt tlie end of a week, however, the commodore from the want of pilots ac-\\nquainted with that unfrequented part of the lake, despaired of being able to\\nfind a passage through the island into the bay, and made for St. Joseph s,\\nwhere he anchored on 20tli daj^ of July. After setting fire to the Fort of St.\\nJoseph s, which seemed not to have been recently occupied, a detachment\\nof infantry and artillery, under Major Holmes, w^as ordered to Sault St.\\nMary s, for the purpose of breaking up the enemy s establishment at that\\nplace.\\nFor particulars relative to the execution of this order, I beg leave to\\nrefer you to Major Holmes report herewith enclosed. Finding on my\\narrival at Michilimackinac, on the 26th ult, that the enemy had strongly\\nfortified the height overlooking the old Fort of Mackinac, I at once de-\\nspaired of being able with my small force, to^arry the place by storm,\\nand determined (as the only course remaining) on landing and establish-\\ning myself on some favorable^ position, wiience I could be enabled to\\nannoy the enemy by gradual and slow approaches, under cover of my\\nartillery, in which I should have the superiority in point of metal. I was\\nurged to adopt this step by another reason, not a little cogent could a\\nposition be taken and fortified on the island, I was well aware that it\\nwould either induce the enemy to attack me in mj strongholds, or force\\nhis Indians and Canadians (the most eflicient, and only disposable force)\\noff the island, as the} would be very unwilling to remain in my neighbor-\\nhood after a permanent footing had been taken. On enquiry, I learned\\nfrom individuals who had lived many years on the island, that a position\\ndesirable as I might wish, could be found on the west end, and therefore\\nimmediately made arrangements for disembarking. A landing was\\neffected on the 4th inst., under cover of the guns of the shipping, and\\nthe line being quickly formed, had advanced to the edge of the field\\nspoken of for a camp, when intelligence was conveyed to me, that the", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n51\\nCol. P. DONAN.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "52 ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAC.\\nenemy was ahead, and a few seconds more brought us a fire from his.\\nbattery of four pieces, firing shot and shells. After reconnoitering his\\nposition, which was well selected, his line reached along the edge of the\\nwoods, at the further extremity of the field and covered by a temporary\\nbreast work I determined on changing my position (which was now two\\nlines, the militia forming the front), by advancing Major Holmes battal-\\nion of regulars on the right of the militia, thus to outflank him, and by a\\nvigorous effort to gain his rear. The movement was immediately ordered,\\nbut before it could be executed, a fire was opened by some Indians posted\\nin a thick wood near our right, which proved fatal to Major Holmes and\\nseverely wounded Captain Desha (the next officer in rank). This unlucky\\nfire, by depriving us of the services of our most valuable oflicers, threw\\nthat part of the line into confusion from which the best exertions of the\\nofiicers were not able to recover it. Finding it impossible to gain the\\nenemy s left, owing to the impenetrable thickness of the woods, a charge\\nwas ordered to be made by the regulars immediatel} against the front.\\nThis charge although made in some confusion, served to drive the enemy\\nback into the woods, from whence an annoying fire was kept up by the\\nIndians.\\nLieut. Morgan was ordered up with a light piece to assist the left, now\\nparticularly galled the excellent practice of this brought the enemy to\\nfire at a longer distance. Discovering that this disposition from whence\\nthe enemy had just been driven (and which had been represented to me\\nas so high and commanding), was by no means tenable, from being inter-\\nspersed with thickets, and intersected in every way by ravines, I deter-\\nmined no longer to expose my force to the fire of an enemy deriving\\nevery advantage which could be obtained from numbers and a knowledge\\nof the position, and therefore ordered an immediate retreat towards the\\nshipping. This affair, which cost us many valuable lives, leaves us to\\nlament the fall of that gallant officer. Major Holmes, whose character is\\nso well known to the war department. Captain Van Home, of the 19th\\nInfantry and Lieut. Jackson of the 24th Infantry, both brave intrepid\\nyoung men fell wounded at the head of their respective commands.\\nThe conduct of all my officers on this occasion merits my approbation.\\nCaptain Desha, of the 24th Infantry, although wounded, continued\\nwith his command until forced to retire from faintness through loss of\\nblood. Captains Saunders, Hawkins and Sturges, with every subaltern\\nof that battalion, acted in the most exemplary manner. Ensign Bryan,\\n2nd Rifle Regiment, acting Adjutant to the battalion, actively forwarded", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n53\\nBlock House. Built in 1780.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "54 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe wishes of the commanding officer, Lieuts, Hickman, 28th Infantry^\\nand Hyde of the U. S. Marines, who commanded the reserve, claim my\\nparticular thanks for their activity in keeping that command in readiness\\nto meet any exigency. I have before mentioned Lieut. Morgan s activity;\\nhis two assistants, Lieut. Pickett and Mr. Peters, conductor of artillery,\\nalso merit the name of good officers.\\nThe militia were wanting in no part of their duty. Colonel Cotgreave,\\nhis officers and soldiers, deserve the warmest approbation, My acting\\nassistant Adjutant General Captain N. H. Moore, 28th Infantry, with\\nvolunteer Adjutant McComb, were prompt in delivering my orders.\\nCaptain Gratiot of the engineers, who voluntered his services as Adju-\\ntant on the occasion, gave me valuable assistance. On the morning of the\\n5th, I sent a flag to the enemy, to enquire into the state of the wounded\\n(two in number), who were left on the field, and to request permission to\\nbring away the body of Major Holmes, which was also left, owing to the\\nunpardonable neglect of the soldiers in whose hands he was placed. I\\nam happy in assuring you, that the body of Major Holmes is secured,\\nand will be buried at Detroit with becoming honors. I shall discharge\\nthe militia to-morrow, and will send them down, together with two regu-\\nlar companies to Detroit.\\nWith the remaining three companies I shall attempt to destroy the\\nenemy s establishment in the head of Naic-taic-wa-sa-ga River, and if it\\nbe thought proper, erect a post at the mouth of that river.\\nVery respectfully, I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedient\\nservant.\\nG. CROGHAN,\\nLieut Col. ;2nd Riflemen.\\nTo Hon. J. Armstrong,\\nSecretary of War.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 55\\nREPORT OF KILLED, WOUNDED AND MISSING, ON\\nAUGUST 4th, 1814.\\nOn board the U. S. Sloop of War Niagara,\\n11th August, 1814.\\nArtillery wounded, three privates.\\nInfantry 17th Regiment; killed, five privates; wounded, two sergeants,\\ntwo corporals, fifteen privates. Two privates since dead. Two privates\\nmissing.\\n19th Regiment wounded, one captain, nineteen privates. Captain\\nIsaac Van Home, Jr., since dead one private since dead.\\n24th Regiment killed, five privates; wounded, one captain, one lieu-\\ntenant, three sergeants, one musician, five privates. Captain Robert\\nDesha severely; Lieut. Hezekiah Jackson since dead one sergeant since\\ndead.\\n82nd Regiment killed, one major. Major Andrew Hunter Holmes.\\nUnited States Marines wounded, one sergeant.\\nOhio Militia killed, two privates wounded, six privates one private\\nsince dead.\\nGrand total one major and twelve privates killed two captains, one\\nlieutenant, six sergeants, three corporals, one musician and thirty-eight\\nprivates wounded. Two privates missing.\\nThe above return exhibits a true statement of the killed, wounded and\\nmissing in the affair of the 4th instant.\\nN. H MOORE,\\nCaptain 28th Infantry.\\nActing Assistant Adjutant General.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "56 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nKEPOET OF CAPTAIN SmCLAIK.\\nUnited States Sloop of War Niagara,\\nOff Thunder Bay, August 9tli, 1814. f\\nSir I arrived off Michilimackinac on the 26tli July; but owing to a\\ntedious spell of bad weather, which prevented our reconnoitering, or\\nbeing able to procure a prisoner who could give us information of the\\nenemy s Indian force, which, from several little skirmishes Ave had on an\\nadjacent island, appeared to be very great, we did not attempt a landing\\nuntil the 4th inst., and it was then made more with a view to ascertain\\npositively the enemy s strength, than with any possible hope of success;\\nknowing, at the same time, that I could effectually cover their lauding\\nand retreat to the ships, from the position I had taken within 300 j ards\\nof the beach. Col. Croghan would never have landed, even with this\\nprotection, being positive, as he was, that the Indian force alone on the\\nisland, with the advantages thej^ had, were superior to him, could he\\nhave justified himself to his government, without having stronger proof\\nthan appearances, that he could not effect the object in view. Mackinac\\nis, by nature, a perfect Gibraltar, being a high inaccessible rock on every\\nside, except the west, from which to the hights, j^ou have near two miles\\nto pass through a wood, so thick that our men were shot in every direc-\\ntion, and within a few yards of them, without being able to see the\\nIndians wlio did it and a height was scarcely gained before there was\\nanother within 50 or 100 yards commanding it, where breastworks were\\nerected and cannon opened on them. Several of those were charged and\\nthe enemy driven from them; but it was soon found the further our\\ntroops advanced the stronger the enemy became, and the weaker and\\nmore bewildered our forces were; several of the commanding officers\\nwere picked out and killed or wounded by the savages, witliout seeing\\nany of them. The men were getting lost and falling into confusion,\\nnatural under such circumstances, which demanded an immediate retreat,\\nor a total defeat and general massacre must have ensued. This was con-\\nducted in a masterly manner by Col. Croghan, who had lost the aid of\\nthat valuable and ever to be lamented officer, Major Holmes, who, with\\nCaptain VanHorn, was killed b}^ the Indians.\\nThe enemy were driven from many of their strongholds; but such was", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 57\\nthe impeuetral)le thickness of the woods, that no advantage gained could\\nbe profited b} Our attack would have been made immediately under\\nthe lower fort, that the enemy might not have been able to use his Indian\\nforce to such advantage as in the woods, having discovered by drawing a\\nfire from him in several instances, that I had greatly the superiority of\\nmetal of him but its site being about 120 feet above the water, I could\\nnot, when near enough to do him an injury, elevate sufficiently to batter\\nit. Above this, nearly as high again, he has another strong fort, com-\\nmanding every point on the island, and almost perpendicular on all sides.\\nCol. Croghan not deeming it prudent to make a second attempt upon this\\nplace, and having ascertained to a certainty that the only naval force the\\nenemy have upon the lakes consists of one schooner of four guns, I have\\ndetermined to despatch the Lawrence and Caledonia to Lake Erie\\nimmediatelj^ believing their services in transporting our armies there will\\nbe wanting; and it being important that the sick and wounded, amount-\\ning to about 100, and that part of the detachment not necessary to further\\nour future operations here, should reach Detroit without delay. By an\\nintelligent prisoner, captured in the Mink, I ascertained this, and that\\nthe mechanics and others sent across from York during the winter w^ere\\nfor the purpose of building a flotilla to transport reinforcements and sup-\\nplies to Mackinac. An attempt was made to transport them by the way of\\nMatchadash, but it was found impracticable, from all the portages being\\na morass; that they then resorted to a small river called Nautawasaga,\\nsituated to the south of Matchadash, from which there is a portage of three\\nleagues over a good road to Lake Simcoe. This place was never known\\nuntil pointed out to them last summer by an Indian. This river is very\\nnarrow, and has six or eight feet water in it about three miles up, and is\\nthen a muddy, rapid shallow for 45 miles up to the portage, where their\\narmada was built, and their storehouses are now situated. The naviga-\\ntion is dangerous and diflScult, and so obscured by rocks and bushes that\\nno stranger could ever find it. I have, however, availed myself of the\\nmeans of discovering it I shall also blockade the mouth of French River\\nuntil the fall; and those being the only two channels of communication\\nby which Mackinac can possibly be supplied, and their provisions at this\\ntime being extremely short, I think they will be starved into a surrender.\\nThis will also cut off all supplies to the Northwest Company, who are now\\nnearly starving, and their furs on hand can only find transportation by\\nthe way of Hudson Bay. At this place I calculate on fallinc: in with", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "58 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ntheir schooner, which, it is said, has gone there for a load of provisions,\\nand a message sent to lier not to venture up while we are on the Lake.\\nVery respectfully, I have the honor to remain. Sir,\\nYour obedient servant,\\nARTHUR SINCLAIR.\\nTo Hon. Wm. Jones,\\nSecretary of the Navy.\\nNotes. Col. Croghan landed with liis troops at what is\\nnow called British Landing, so named from the fact that\\nthe British landed there on the night of the 16th and 17th\\nof July, 1812, when they successfully surprised Fort Mack-\\ninac.\\nOn entering tlie gate on the road leading to British Land-\\ning, after passing through the narrow belt of timber, you\\ncome to a slight ridge which crosses the road, passing diagon-\\nally through an orchard, on the left.\\nOn the south side of this ridge the British troops were\\nconcealed, having four field pieces the line was protected by\\na hastily constructed ahattis, and the left by an entrenchment,\\nthe remains of which can be seen in the orchard some 250\\nyards to the left of, and nearly parallel to, the road.\\nThe British forces were under the command of Lieut.-Col.\\nEobert M Donal, Glengary Light Infantry, then in com-\\nmand at Fort Mackinac.\\nMajor Holmes body was put on board a schooner and sent\\nto Detroit, where it was buried in the old cemetery on the\\ncorner of Larned street and Woodward avenue, on land\\nbelonging to The First Protestant Society. In 183-1 when\\nexcavating for the building of The First Protestant Church\\nthe remains of Major Holmes were found with six cannon\\nballs in the coffin. The balls were placed in the coffin for\\nthe purpose of sinking the body if in danger of being cap-\\ntured by the British while on its way to Detroit. The\\nremains were placed in a box and buried in the Protestant\\ncemetery near Gratiot, Beaubien and Antoine streets, and\\nhave not been disturbed since that time.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 59\\n1815. By the treaty of peace and amity between Great\\nBritain and the United States, conchided at Ghent, Belgium,\\nDecember 24:th, 1814, and signed by Lord Gambler, Henry\\nGoulbonrn and William Adams, on the part of Great Britain?\\nand by John Quincy Adams, James A. Bayard, Henry\\nClay, Jonathan Russell and Albert Gallatin, on the part\\nof the United States (ratifications exchanged February ITth,\\nand proclaimed February ISth, 1815), the post of Michili-\\nmackinac was again restored to the United States.\\nThe British occupied Fort Mackinac until the arrival in\\nSeptember, of Major Talbot Chambers, with the United\\nStates troops, consisting of one company of Artillery, and\\ntwo companies of Bifles. The British troops then withdrew\\nto St. Joseph s Island, in St. Mary s River.\\n1816. Two companies of Rifles left Fort Mackinac, under\\nthe command of Colonel John Miller, and established Fort\\nHoward, at Green Bay, Wis.\\n1819. First steamboat at Mackinac, the Walk-in-the-\\nWater.\\n1823. Rev. William Montague Ferry, by direction of the\\nUnited Foreign Missionary Society, established a mission\\nfor the Indians of the Northwest at Mackinac Island, this\\nlocation being chosen because it was the center of the fur\\ntrade in the Northwest.\\nMr. Ferry arrived at Mackinac October 19th, and opened\\nschool November 3d, w^ith twelve Indian children. At one\\ntime there were twenty-four assistants, and one hundred and\\neighty scholars. The children from the village attended as\\nday scholars, and those from the several tribes as boarders.\\nThey were trained in habits of industry, and taught trades,\\nand how to cultivate the soil, besides receiving a common\\nschool education. The school was first held in the old Court\\nHouse. In 1825, the building now known as the Mission\\nHouse, was erected for missionary and school purposes.\\nThomas White Ferry, ex U. S. Senator, was born in the Mis-\\nsion House, June 1, 1827.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "60 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nThe building known as the Mission Church, was erected\\nin 1830. It was consecrated March 4th, 1831.\\nMr. Ferry was relieved August 6th, 1834. He then\\nsettled at Grand Haven, Mich., w^here he lived for thirty-\\nthree years, highlj esteemed and eminently useful. He died\\nDecember 30th, 1867. In 1837 the Mission was discontinued.\\n1862. May 14th, the steamer Illinois, arrived at\\nMackinac from Detroit, having on board Co. A., Stanton\\nGuards, Michigan Yolunteers, Caj^t. Grover S. Wormer, of\\nDetroit, commanding (afterwards, Lieut.-Col. and Col. 8th\\nMichigan Cavalry, and Brevet Brigadier-General United\\nStates Yolunteers), with First Lieutenant Elias F. Sutton,\\nSecond Lieutenant Louis Hartmeyer, Chaplain James Knox,\\nand Dr. John Gregg, having in charge the following dis-\\ntinguished gentlemen from Tennessee, who were State\\nprisoners of war Gen. William G. Harding, Gen. Washing-\\nton Barrows, and Judge Joseph C. Guild.\\nFor six days after their arrival, the prisoners were allowed\\nto remain at the Mission Hotel, under a guard, while quar-\\nters were being prepared in the Fort. The three sets of\\nofficers quarters in the wooden building between the stone\\nquarters and the guard house, were assigned to them.\\nGen. Harding occupied the set in the west end, or nearest\\nthe stone quarters. Gen. Barrows, the middle set, and Judge\\nGuild, the set in the east end. The rooms w^ere comfortably\\nfurnished by the prisoners, who remained here until Septem-\\nber 18th, 1862, when the Fort was again abandoned, the\\nprisoners taken to Detroit, and thence to Johnson s Island,\\nLake Erie.\\n1877. Father Marquette s grave discovered at St. Ignace,\\nby Eev. Father Edward Jacker.\\n1882. The Protestant Episcopal Church on Fort street,\\nbuilt through the efforts and under the direction of Rev.\\nMoses C. Stanley.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "PEIESTS. Gl\\nPRIESTS.\\nThe following Priests of the Eoman Catholic Church have\\nserved at Michilimackinac\\nThe dates opposite their names indicate the iirst and last\\nyear of their stay or, as the case may be, of their visits\\nfor many of them made only occasional visits, having other\\nparishes, or missions, in their charge. Their names are\\nmarked thus\\nThe first church on the main land, north of the Strait,\\nwas built in 1671 the second about 1674 burnt in 1706.\\nThe present church was built in 1838.\\nThe Iirst church on the main land, south of the Strait, was\\nbuilt about 1712, wdien the post was re-established the\\nsecond, about 1741.\\nThe first church on the island was built about 1785. It\\noccupied a part of the old cemetery on Astor street. The\\nsecond was erected in 1827, on the site of the present one,\\non land donated by ^Irs. Magdalene Laframboise.\\nThe present building was erected in 1873.\\nBeneath the altar are the graves of Mrs. Magdalene\\nLaframboise, her only daughter, and grandson, Langdon\\nPierce (wife and son of Capt. Benjamin K. Pierce, U. S. A.).\\nOn the marble slabs over their ojraves are the following\\ninscriptions\\nMagdalene Laframboise, died April 14th, 1846, aged 66 years.\\nJosephine Pierce, died November 24th, 1820.\\nIn x\\\\ncient Michilimackinac (St. Ignace).\\n1670. Rev. Father Dablon, I J. (or possibly Marquette.)\\n1671-73. Rev. Father .James Marquette, S. J.\\n1673 Rev. Father Philip Pierson, S. J.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "62 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1674 Rev. Father Henry Nouvel, S. J.\\n1677 Rev. Father J. Enjah-an, S. J.\\n1680-81. Rev. Father Louis Hennepin, Franciscan.*\\n16?? Rev. Father De Carheil, S. J.\\nie??-1706. Rev. Father J. Marest, S. J.\\nIn Old Mackinac (Lower Michigan).\\n1708 Rev. Father J, Marest, S. J.\\n1741-52. Rev. Father J. B. Lamorinie, S. J.*\\n1741-65. Rev. Father Du Jaunay, S. J.\\n1742-44. Rev. Father C. G. Coquarz, S. J.*\\n1753-61. Rev. Father M. L. Lefranc. S. J.\\n1768-75. Rev. Father Gibault, Yic.-Gen. of Illinois.*\\nOn the Island and in Modern St. Ignace.\\n1786-87. Rev. Father Payet, of Illinois.*\\n1794. Rev. Father Ledru, Dominican, of France.*\\n1796. Rev. Father Levadoux, of Detroit, Yic.-Gen. of the Bishop\\nof Baltimore.*\\n1799-1823. Rev. Father G. Richard, Curate of St. Ann, Detroit, and\\nVicar-General.*\\n1801. Rev. Father J. Dilhet.*\\n1816-18. Rev. Father Joseph Crevier, of Canada.*\\n1825-27. Rev. Father Francis Vincent Badin of St. Joseph s.*\\n1827-80. Rev. P. J. De Jean, of Little Traverse Bay.*\\n1829-31. Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, Bishop of Cincinnati.*\\n1830. Rev. Father Mallon, of Cincinnati.\\n1830-83. Rev. Father Samuel Mazzuchelli, Dominican.\\n1880-88. Rev. Father Frederic Rese, Vic. -Gen. of Cincinnati, Bishop\\nof Detroit, 1884.*\\n1831-65. Rev. Father Frederic Baraga, of Little Traverse Bay.\\nAfterwards (1858-68) Bishop of Sault Ste. Marie and\\nMarquette.*\\n1883. Rev. Father J. Lostrie.\\n1838-84, Rev. Father Francis Hatscher, Redemporist.\\n1888-48. Rev. Father Sauti Santelli.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "PKIESTS. 63\\n1843-45. Rev. Father C. Skolla, Franciscan.\\n1845. Rev. Father H. Van Renterghem.\\n1845-52. Rt. Rev. P. Lefevre, Bishop of Detroit.*\\n1846-74. Rev. Father A. D. Piret, retired to Chenaux. 1870.\\n1852. Rev. Father Francis Pierz, of Little Traverse Bay.*\\n1854-57. Rev. Father E. L. M. Jahan.\\n1858-61. Rev. Father Patrick B. Murra5^\\n1861-67. Rev. Father Henry L. Thiele (two terms).\\n1868. Rev. Father Charles Magne.\\n1868-71. Rev. Father Matthias Ortb.\\n1869-70. Rev. Father Philip S. Zoru, of Grand Traverse Bay.*\\n1870-71. Rev. Father Nicolas L. Sifferath, of Cross Village.*\\n1871. Rev. Father Charles Vary, S. J., of Saiilt Ste. Marie.*\\n1871-79. Rt. Rev. Ignatius Mrak, Bishop of Marquette.*\\n1871-72. Rev. Father L. B. Lebouc.\\n1872-73. Rev. Father Moses Mainville.\\n1873-80. Rev. Father Edward Jacker.\\n1875-78. Rev. Father William Dw3 er.\\n1878-79. Rev. Father John Braun.\\n1879-81. Rev. Father John C. Kenny.\\n1880-81. Rev. Father C. A. Richard.\\n1880-82. Rt. Rev. John Vertin, Bishop of Marquette.*\\n1881. Rev. Father Bonaventure Frey, Pro v. Cap. Order.*\\n1881-82. Rev. Father Kilian Haas, O. M. Cap.\\n1881-82. Rev. Father Isidore Haudtmanu, O. M. Cap.\\n1882-83. Rev. Father John Chebul.\\n1883. Rev. Father Joseph Niebling.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "64 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nFRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS.\\nThe following named officers were at Fort Miclnlimackinac\\non the dates given their names are the only ones (of French\\nand British officers) which appear in the old and official\\nrecords\\n1742, 12th August.\\nMONS. DE BlAINVILLE,\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1744, 6th January.\\nMONS, DE ViVEHEVET,\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1744, 11th July.\\nDE RaMELIA,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Nepigon.\\n1745, 11th July, and 1747, 23d May.\\nDUPLESSIS DE MOIIAMPONT,\\nKiug s Commandant at Cammanettigsia.\\n1745, 25th August, and 1746, 29th June.\\nNOYELLE, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1745, 25th August.\\nLouis de la Corne.\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1747, 7th February, 20th June and 1st September.\\nMoNS. DE Noyelle, Jr.\\nCommandant of Michilimackinac.\\n1748, 28th February, 1749, 11th March and 21st June.\\nMoNS. Jacques Legardeur de St. Pierre,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1749, 27th January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "FRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS. 65\\n1749, 29tli August.\\nMONS. GODEFROY,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1750, 24tli March, and 1753, 4th June.\\nMoNS. DuPLESsis Faber,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\nKnight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis.\\n1751, 8th October.\\nMoNS. DuPLESsis, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1752, 4th June.\\nMoNS. Beaujeu de Villemonde,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Camanitigousa.\\n1753, 18th July, and 1754, 15th August.\\nMoNS. Marin,\\nKing s Commandant, Post of La Bale.\\n1753, 18th July; 1754, 8th May; 1758, 23d February, 29th June, 16th July\\nand 17th October; 1759, 30th January; 1760, 25th May and 8th\\nSeptember.\\nMoNs. DE Beaujeu de Villemonde,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac\\n1754, 8th July, and 1755, 25th May.\\n3IoNs. Herein.\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1755, 8th January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny.\\nKing s Commandant at the Sault.\\n1755, 24th August,\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nLieutenant of Infantry,\\n1756, 28th April.\\nCharles de L Anglade,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1756, 19th June.\\nMoNS. Hertelle Beaubaffin,\\nKing s Commandant at", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "66 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1756, 19tli July.\\nMONS. COUTEROT,\\nLieuteucint of lufantry.\\n1758, 2d July.\\nMoNS. DE L Anglade,\\nSecond iu Command at jVIicliilimackinac.\\n1758, 18tli July.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nOfficer at jMichilimackiuac.\\n1774 to 1779.\\nA. S. De Peystek,\\nMajor Commanding Micliilimackiuac and Dependencies.\\n1779 to 1782.\\nPatrick Sinclair,\\nMajor and Lieutenant-Governor,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1782 to 1787, lOth IMay.\\n13ANIEL Robertson,\\nCaptain Commanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1784, 31st July.\\nPhil. B. Fry,\\nEnsifjn 8th. or Kin2: s Regiment.\\n1784, 31st July,\\nGeorge Clowes,\\nLieutenant Sth, or King s Regiment.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nEdward Charleton,\\nCaptain 5th Regiment Foot,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nJ. M. Hamilton,\\nEnsign 5tli Regiment Foot.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nBenjamin Rocha,\\nLieutenant Sth Foot.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nH. Headowe,\\nEnsiu-n 5th Foot.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF ROBERTSON S FOLLY.\\nCaptain Bobertsox was a gay young English officer and\\na great admirer of the Ladies. One pleasant summer even-\\ning, as. he was strolling in the woods at the back of the fort\\nenjoying his pipe, he suddenly beheld, a few rods before\\nhim and just crossing his path, a female of most exquisite\\nform, feature and complexion she seemed about nineteen\\nwas simply dressed wore her long black hair in flowing\\ntresses and as for a moment she turned on him her lustrous\\nblack eyes, her whole countenance lighting up with anima-\\ntion, the gallant captain thought he had never before seen\\nso beautiful a creature. He politely doffed his cap and\\nquickened his steps, hoping to engage her in conversation.\\nShe likewise hastened, evidently with the design of escaping\\nhim. Presently she disappeared around a curve in the road,\\nand Robertson lost sight of her.\\nAt the officers quarters that night nothing was talked of\\nbut the young lady and her possible identity. She was\\nclearly not a native, and no vessel had been known to touch\\nat the island for many a week. Who could she be Cap-\\ntain Robertson could, hardly sleep that night. A rigid\\ninquiry was instituted in the village. The only effect was\\nto engender as intense curiosity in the town as already\\nexisted among tlie garrison.\\nAs the shades of evening drew near, the captain was again\\nwalking in the pleasant groves enjoying the delightful lake\\nbreezes and the whiff of his favorite pipe. He was think-\\ning of last evening s apparition, and blaming himself for\\nnot pressing on more vigorously, or at least calling to the", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "68 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nfair spectre. At this moment, raising his eyes from the\\nground, there she was again, slowly preceding him at a dis-\\ntance of scarcely more than thirty yards. As soon as his\\nastonishment would permit, and as sjDeedily as he could\\nframe an excuse, he called to her Mademoiselle, I I beg\\nyour pardon.\\nShe turned on him one glance, her face radiant with smiles,\\nthen redoubled her pace. The captain redoubled his, and\\nsoon broke into a run. Still she kept the interval between\\nthem undiminished. A bend of the road, and again she was\\ngone. The captain sought her quickly, but in vain he then\\nrushed back to the fort and called out a general posse of\\nothcers and men to scour the island, and, by capturing the\\nmaiden to solve the mystery. Though the search was kept\\nup till a late hour in the night, not a trace could be found\\nof her. The captain now began to be laughed at, and jokes\\nwere freely bandied at his expense.\\nTwo days passed away, and the fantasy of Captain Robert-\\nson began to be forgotten by his brother officers, but the\\ncaptain himself maintained a gloomy, thoughtful mood the\\ntruth is he was in love with the woman he had only twice\\nseen, and who he felt assured was somewhere secreted on\\nthe island. Plans for her discovery revolved in his brain\\nday and night, and visions of romance and happiness were\\never Hitting before his eyes. It was on the evening of the\\nsecond day that he was irresistibly led to walk again in the\\nshady path in which the apparition had twice appeared to him.\\nIt led to the brow of the precipice at the southeastern corner\\nof the island. He had nearly reached the famous point\\nfrom which we now look down perpendicularly 12S feet into\\nthe placid waters of Lake Huron, when, sitting on a large\\nstone, apparently enjoying the magniticent scene spread out\\nbefore her, he discovered the object of his solicitude. Escape\\nfrom him was now impossible, silently he stole up to her.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "ROBERTSON S FOLLY. 69\\nA crunching of the gravel under his feet, however, disturbed\\nher, and turning, her eyes met his.\\nPretty maiden, why thus attempt to ehide me Who\\nare you There was no answer, but the lady arose from\\nthe rock and retreated nearer the brink of the precipice, at\\nthe same time o^lancins^ to the rio-ht and left, as if seekino^ a\\nloop-hole of escape.\\nDo not fear me, said the captain, I am commander of\\nthe garrison at the fort here. No harm shall come to you,\\nbut do pray tell me who you are, and how you came on this\\nisland!\\nThe lady still maintained a stolid silence, but in the fading\\nlight looked more beautiful than ever. She was now stand-\\ning within three feet of tlie brink with her back to the\\nterrible abyss. The captain shuddered at the thought of her\\nmaking an unguarded step and being dashed to pieces on\\nthe rocks below. So he tried to calm her fears lest, in her\\nagitation, she might precipitate a terrible catastrophe.\\nMy dear young lady, he began, I see you fear me,\\nand I will leave you but for heaven s sake do pray tell me\\nyour name and wdiere you reside. Not a hair of your head\\nshall be harmed, but Captain Eobertson, your devoted ser-\\nvant, will go through fire and water to do your commands.\\nOnce more, my dear girl, do speak to me, if but a word\\nbefore we part.\\nAs tlie captain warmed up in his address, he incautiously\\nadvanced a step. The girl retreated another step, and now\\nstood where the slightest loss of balance must prove her\\ndeath.\\nQuick as thought, the captain sprang forward to seize her\\nand avert so terrible a tragedy, but just as he clutched lier\\narm, she threw herself backward into the chasm, drawing\\nher tormentor and would-be savior with her, and both were\\ninstantlv dashed on to the rocks below.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "70\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nHis mangled remains were found at the foot of tlie preci-\\npice, but, singular as it may seem, not a vestige could be\\nfound of the woman for whose life his own had been sacri-\\nficed. His body alone could be discovered and it was taken\\nup and buried in a shady nook near the middle of the island.\\nHe was long mourned by his men and brother officers, for\\nhe was much beloved for his high social qualities and genial\\ndeportment; but by and by it began to be whispered that\\nthe captain had indulged too freely in the fine old French\\nbrandy that the fur traders brought up from Montreal, and\\nthat the lady he professed to see was a mere ignis fatious of\\nhis own excited imagination. But the mantle of charity\\nhas been thrown over the tragedy, and a commonplace\\nexplanation given for the name the rocky point has acquired,\\nof Robertson s Folly.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN FUR COMPANY. 71\\nTHE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY.\\nTo notice slightly the origin of the American Fur Com-\\npany, we will say that John Jacob Astor, a German by birth,\\nwho arrived in New^ York in the year 1784, commenced\\nwork for a bakery owned by a German acquaintance. He\\nwas afterwards assisted to open^a toy shop, and this was fol-\\nlowed by trafficking for small parcels of furs in the country\\ntowns, and which led to his future operations in that line.\\nMr. Astor s great and continued success in that branch of\\ntrade induced him, in 1S09, to obtain from the New York\\nLegislature a charter incorporating The American Fur\\nCompany, with a capital of a million dollars. It is under-\\nstood that Mr. Astor comprised the company, though other\\nnames were used in its organization. In ISll, Mr. Astor,\\nin connection with certain partners of the old Northwest\\nFur Company (whose beginning was in 1783, and perma-\\nnently organized in 1787), bought out the association of\\nBritish merchants known as the Mackinac Company, then a\\nstrong competitor in the fur trade. This Mackinac Com-\\npany, with the American Fur Company, was merged into a\\nnew association called the Southwest Fur Company. But in\\n1815, Mr. Astor bought out the Southwest Company, and the\\nAmerican Fur ComjDany came again to the front. In the\\nwinter of 1815-16, Congress, through the influence of Mr-\\nAstor, it is understood, passed an act excluding foreigners\\nfrom participating in the Indian trade. In 1817-18, the\\nAmerican Fur Company brought a large number of clerks\\nfrom Montreal and the United States to Mackinac, some of\\nwhom made good Indian traders, while many others failed\\nupon trial and were discharged. Among those Avho proved\\ntheir capability was Gurdon S. Hubbard, Esq., then a youth", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "72 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nof sixteen, the earliest resident of Ciiicago now living there.\\nHe was born in Windsor, Yt., in 1802, and his parents were\\nElizur and Abigail (Sage) Hubbard. His paternal emigrant\\nancestor was George Hubbard, who was at Wethersfield, Ct.,\\nin 1636. Mr. Hubbard is also a lineal descendant of the\\nclergyman -governor Gurdon Saltonstall (named for Bramp-\\nton Gurdon, the patriot M. P., whose daughter was the grand-\\nmother of the governor), who was the great-grandson of Sir\\nRichard Saltonstall, the firnj and efficient friend of early\\nNew England.\\nWe need, therefore, merely add here that Mr. Hubbard\\nleft Montreal, where his parents then lived. May 13, 1818,\\nreaching Mackinac July 4th, and first arrived at Chicago on\\nthe last day of October or first day of Xovember of that\\nyear. In 1828, he purchased of the Fur Company their\\nentire interest in the trade of Illinois.\\nHaving entire charge of tlie management of the company in the West,\\nwere Ramsey Crooks and Robert Stuart. To William Matthews was\\nintrusted the engaging of voyageurs and clerks in Canada, with his head-\\nquarters in Montreal. Tlie voj^ageurs he took from the habitants (farmers)\\nyoung, active, athletic men were sought for, indeed, none but such were\\nengaged, and they passed under inspection of a surgeon. Mr. M. also\\npurchased at Montreal such goods as were suited for the trade, to load his\\nboats. These boats were the Canadian batteaux, principall} used in those\\ndays in transferring goods to upper St. Lawrence River and its tributaries,\\nmanned by four oarsmen and a steersman, capacity about six tons. The\\nvoyageurs and clerks were under indentures for a term of five years.\\nWages of voyageurs, $100, clerks from $120 to $500 per annum. These\\nwere all novices in the business the plan of the company was to arrange\\nand secure the services of old traders and their voyageurs, who, at the\\n(new) organization of the company were in the Indian country, depending\\non their influence and knowledge of the trade with the Indians and as\\nfast as possible secure the vast trade in the West and Northwest, within\\nthe district of the United States, interspersing the novices brought from\\nCanada so as to consolidate, extend and monopolize, as far as possible,\\nover the country, the Indian trade. The first two years they had sue-", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN FUR COMPANY.\\n73\\nceeded in bringing into their emploj seven-eiglitlis of the old Indian\\ntraders on tlie Upper Mississippi, Wabasli and Illinois Rivers, Lakes\\nMichigan and Superior, and their tributaries as far north as the bound-\\naries of the United States extended. The other eighth thought that their\\ninterest was to remain independent toward such, the company selected\\ntheir best traders, and located them in opposition, with instructions so to\\nmanage by underselling to bring them to terms.\\nBlock House Built in 1780.\\nAt Mackinac, the trader s brigades were organized, the company select-\\ning the most capable trader to be the manager of his particular brigade,\\nwhich consisted of from five to twenty batteaux, laden with goods. This\\nchief or manager, when reaching the country allotted to him, made\\ndetachments, locating trading-houses, with districts clearly defined, for\\nthe operations of that particular post, and so on, until his ground was fully\\noccupied by traders under him, over whom he had absolute authority.\\nWe will here allude to Mr. Astor s attempt to establish an\\nAmerican emporium for the fur trade at the mouth of the", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "74 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nColninbia River, wliicli enterprise failed, through the capture\\nof Astoria by the British in 1814, and the neglect of our\\ngovernment to give him protection. The withdrawal of Mr.\\nAstor from the Pacific coast, left the ]S orthwest Fur Com-\\npany to consider themselves the lords of the country. They\\ndid not long enjoy the lield unmolested, however. A fierce\\nc Mnpetition ensued between them and their old rivals, the\\nHudson s Bay Company, which was carried on at great cost\\nand sacrifice, and, occasionally, with the loss of life. It\\nended in the ruin of most of the partners of the Northwest\\nCompany, and merging of the relics of that establishment,\\nin 1S21, in the rival association.\\nRamsey Crooks was a foremost mau in the employ of Mr. Astor in the\\nfur trade, not only in the east, but upon the western coast, and has been\\ncalled the adventurous Rocky Mountain trader. Intimately connected,\\nas Mr. Crooks was, with the American Fur Company, a slight notice of\\nhim will not be out of place. Mr. Crooks w^as a native of Greenock,\\nScotland, and was employed as a trader in Wisconsin, as early as 180(3.\\nHe entered the service of Mr. Astor in 1809. In 1813, he returned from\\nhis three years journey to the western coast, and in 1817 he joined Mr.\\nAstor as a partner, and for four or live years ensuing he was the company s\\nMackinac agent, though residing mostly in New York. Mr. Crooks con-\\ntinued a partner until 1830, when this connection was dissolved and he\\nresumed his place with Mr. Astor in his former capacity. In 1834, Mr.\\nAstor, being advanced in years, sold out the stock of the company, and\\ntransferred the charter to Ramsey Crooks and his associates, whereupon\\nMr. C. was elected president of the company. Reverses, however, com-\\npelled an assignment in 1842, and with it the death of the American Fur\\nCompany. In 1845, ^Mr. Crooks opened a commission house for the sale\\nof furs and skins, in New York City. This business, which was success-\\nful, Mr. C. continued until his death. Mr. Crooks died in New York,\\nJuue t5, 1859, in his 73d year. Mr. Astor died in 1848.\\nWashington Irving, in his ^Astoria, gives a graphic\\naccount of the occasional meetings of the partners, agents\\nand employes of the old Northwest Fur Company, at Mont-", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN FUK COMPANY.\\n75\\nreal and Fort William, where they kept high days and nights\\nof wassail and feastino- of sono; and tales of adventnre and\\nhair-breadth escapes. But of those lavish and merry halls\\nof the old Northwest, we need suggest no comparison\\nwith the agency dwelling of the American Fur Company at\\nMackinac, where the expenses charged for the year 1821\\nwere only \u00c2\u00a7678.1:9. In that account, however, we notice the\\nfollowing entries 31^ gallons Teneriff6 Wine. 4^ gallons\\nPort Wine 10 gallons best Madeira 70^ gallons Red Wine\\n9 gallons Brandy one barrel flour.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nMACKINAC ISLAND.\\nIs situated in the Straits of the same name, about four miles\\neast of the narrowest part, fifteen miles from Lake Huron,\\nand tliirty from Lake Michigan contains two thousand two\\nhundred and twenty-one acres, of which the National Park\\ncontains eight hundred and twenty-one acres, and the Mili-\\ntary Eeservation one hundred and three acres.\\nA RAMBLE THROUGH FORT MACKINAC.\\nThere are v^arious ways of reaching the Fort from the\\nvillage probably the easiest is up the steps, the view at\\nthe top l)eing well worth the breath it costs to reach it.\\nNow follow us, and we will show you through the Fort:\\nThis old block-house on our left was built in 1780, by the\\nBritish troops under Major Patrick Sinclair beyond, to the\\nleft, are two buildings, officers quarters, built in 1876 pass-\\ning along toward the flag-staff, we come to another set of\\nofficers quarters, built in 1835, and another old block-house,\\nthe upper part of which is used as a reservoir, into which\\nwater is pumped from a spring at the foot of the bluff, and\\ndistributed through pipes into various buildings. This inno-\\nvation on the old-time water-wagon was made in 1881, in\\naccordance with a plan dev^ised by, and executed under the\\ndirection of, Lieut. D wight H. Kelton, 10th IT. S. Infantry,\\nPost-Quartermaster. Water first pumped Oct. 11, 1881.\\nWhile reinforcing the flag-staff in 1869, a bottle was\\ntaken out of the base, containing a ])archment upon which\\nwas wi itten", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "EAMBLE THROUGH FORT MACKINAC. 77\\nHeadquarters Fort Mackinac,\\nMay 25 th, 1835.\\nThis flag-staff erected on the 2oth clay of May, 1835, by A and G\\nCompanies, of the 2d Regiment of Infantry, stationed at this post.\\nThe following Oflicers of the 2d Infantry were present:\\nCaptain John Clitz, A Company, Com d g Post.\\nCaptain E. Kerby Barnum, G Company.\\nIst-Lieut. J. J. B. Kingsbury G Company.\\n2d-Lieut. J. W. Penrose, G Company, A.C.S.\\n2d-Lieut. J. V. Bomford, H Company.\\nAsst. -Surgeon Geo. F. Turner, U.S.A.\\nDavid Jones, Sutler.\\nAbsent Oflicers\\nIst-Lieut. J. S. Gallagher, A Company, Adjutant.\\n2d-Lieut. J. H. Leavenworth, A Company, on Special Duty.\\nColonel Hugh Brady, Bvt.-Brig. General, Commanding Left Wing,\\nEastern Department, Headquarters at Detroit.\\nLieut. -Colon el Alexander Cummings, Commanding 2d Regiment,\\nHeadquarters Madison Barracks, Sacket s Harbor, New York.\\nPresident of the United States, Andrew Jackson.\\nBuilder (of flag-staff), John McCraith, Private, A Company,\\n2d Infantry.\\nAuother document was added and the bottle was re-\\nentombed.\\nGoing down the steps to the right, we are brought face to\\nface with one of the old landmarks of this country, the old\\nstone officers quarters, built in 1780, w^ith walls from two\\nand a half to eight feet thick formerly the windows had\\niron bars across them. In 1812 the basement of this build-\\ning and the old block-houses were used as prisons, in which\\nCaptain Roberts detained the men and larger boys of the\\nvillage, after the capture of the Fort, until he decided what\\nto do with them. Those who took the oath of allegiance\\nto Great Britain were released and allowed to return to\\ntheir homes the others were sent to Detroit. Mr. Michael", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "78\\nANNALS OV Fcnrr MACKINAC.\\nStone Officers Quarters. Built 1780.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "RAMBLE THROUGH FORT MACKINAC. 79\\nDousman was permitted to remain neutral and was not dis-\\nturbed.\\nIn 1814, the basement of this building and the block-\\nhouses were used as a place of refuge for the women and\\nchildren of the village, while the vessels containing the\\nAmerican troops were anchored off the island.\\nThe old wooden building on our right, now used as a\\nstorehouse, was built for a hospital in 1828 on the site of\\nthe original hospital, built by the British.\\nThe long, low wooden building at the other end of the\\nstone-quarters, formerly officers quarters, is now used as a\\nstorehouse; facing it are the barracks, a two-story frame-\\nbuilding, built in 1859, occupied by two companies of\\nsoldiers, one on each Hoor, with mess-rooms, etc., complete\\nfor each.\\nWe come next to the guard-house, built in 1828. Turning\\ntoward the bari-acks, we have on o.ur right, first, the Com-\\nmissary, built in 1877, on the site of the old stone-magazine.\\nIn the small building adjacent to the Commissary are the\\noffices of the Commanding Officer and Adjutant, and next\\ndoor, the office of the Post-Quartermaster, which is con_\\nnected by a passage-way with the storehouse beyond; built\\non the site of the post-bakery of early days.\\nGoing up the path from the guard-house we will examine\\nthe reveille gun, and take a glimpse at the magnificent\\nvievz from the gun-platform. Below, at the foot of the\\nbluff, are the Government stables, blacksmith shop, and gra-\\nnary beyond them, the company gardens, where the build-\\nings of the United States Indian Agency stood in earlier\\ndays.\\nIn front of us is Kound Island, where, for a long time,\\nthere was a large Indian village, the only j-emnant of which\\nis an Indian burying ground, on the southeastern part of the\\nisland. There is also an old buryino^ o-round on Bois Blanc", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "80 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nIsland. It is a singular fact that all these Indian graves were\\ndug due east and west.\\nWauchusco, a celebrated spiritualist of the Ottawa tribe,\\nlived on Round Island for several years previous to his death,\\nwhich occurred September 30, 1837.\\nTo the left of Eound Island is Bois Blanc Island.\\nThe building in our rear is the hospital, bailt in 1858\\nleaving it to our right, we pass another old block-house, and\\nover the old north sally-port, just outside of which, on July\\n17th, 1812, the British troops stood in line and presented\\narms while Lieuts. Porter Hanks and Archibald Darragh\\nmarched the American troops out, with arms reversed, to\\nreceive their parole as prisoners of war.\\nPassing on we come to the library and reading room.\\nWhen built, the fort was enclosed by a stockade ten feet\\nhigh, inade of cedar pickets, into the tops of which were\\ndriven irons with three sharp prongs projecting. Formerly\\nall the buildings belonging to the fort were within this\\nstockade.\\nA better idea of the block-houses as they appeared then,\\nand of the stockade, may be obtained irom the illustrations,\\nwhich are reduced from old drawings.\\nThe old gates still remain in place at the south sally-port,\\nnear the guard-house.\\nThe flags of three great nations have successively floated\\nover the post of Michilimackinac, which has been the theatre\\nof many a bloody tragedy. Its possession has been disputed\\nby powerful nations, and its internal peace has continually\\nbeen made the sport of Indian treachery and white man s\\nduplicity. To-day, chanting te deums beneath the ample\\nfolds of i\\\\\\\\Q fleur-de-lis^ to-morrow yielding to the power of\\nthe British lion, and, a few years later, listening to the ex-\\nultant screams of the American eagle, as the stars and", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "RAMBLE TIIROrGH FOKT MACKINAC.\\n81\\nstripes float over the battlements on the Isle of the dancing\\nspirits.\\nThe historical reminiscences rendering it classic ground,\\nand the many wild traditions, peopling each rock and glen\\nwith spectral habitants, combine to throAv around Mackinac\\nan interest and attractiveness unequalled bj any other place\\non the Western Continent.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "82\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nAMERICAN OFFICERS.\\nThe following named\\nhave served at Fort Mi\\ntheir actual rank at that\\nthej belonged are given\\n1796. Henry Burbeck,\\nAbner Prior,\\nEbenezer Massay,\\nJohn Michael,\\nThomas Hunt,\\nJosiah Dunham,\\nRichard Whiley,\\nFrancis Le Barron,\\nJonathan Eastman,\\nLewis Howard,*\\nPorter Hanks,\\nArcliibald Darragh,\\nSylvester Day,\\n1815. Talbot Chambers,\\nJoseph Kean,\\nJohn O Fallon,\\nJohn Heddelson,\\nJames S. Gray,\\nBenjamin K. Pierce.\\nEobert McClallan, Jr.,\\nLewis Morgan,\\nGeorge Wilkins,\\nJohn S. Pierce,\\nThomas J. Baird,\\nEdward Purcell,\\nJohn Miller,\\nJohn McNeil,\\nCharles Larrabee,\\nofficers of the United States army\\nickinac. The year of their arrival\\ntime, and the organization to which\\n1801.\\n1802.\\n1807.\\n1808.\\n1810.\\n1816.\\nMajor.\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\nCaptain,\\n1st Infantry.\\nLieutenant,\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\n1st Infantry,\\nMajor,\\n1st\\nCaptain,\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\nSurgeon s Mate.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\nArtillerists.\\nCaptain,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nGarrison Surgeon s Mate.\\nMajor,\\nRifles.\\nCaptain,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\nArtillery.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st\\n2d\\n2d\\n3d\\nHospital Surgeon s Mate.\\nColonel,\\n3d Infantry.\\nMajor,\\n5th\\nCaptain,\\n3d\\nDied at Fort Mackinac, January 13, 1811.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n83\\n1810.\\nWilliam Whistler,\\nJohn Greene,\\nCaptain,\\n3d\\n3d\\nInfantry\\ni\\nCharles L. Cass,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\nDaniel Curtis,\\n1st\\n3d\\nJohn Garland,\\n1st\\n3d\\nTurby T. Thomas,\\n1st\\n3d\\nBritton Evans,\\n2d\\n3d\\nJames Dean,\\n2d\\n3d\\nAndrew Lewis,\\n2d\\n3d\\n1817.\\nAlbion T. Crow,\\nHospital Surgeon s Mate.\\nLawrence Taliaferro,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d Infantry.\\n1818.\\nEdward Brooks,\\n1st\\n3d\\n1819.\\nJoseph P. Russell,\\nPost Surgeon.\\nJoseph Gleason,f\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th Infantry.\\nWilliam Lawrence,\\nLieut. -Colonel,\\n2d\\nWilliam S. Comstock,\\nSurgeon s Mate,\\n3d\\nPeter T. January,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n3d\\n(f\\nJohn Peacock,\\n2d\\n3d\\n1821.\\nWilliam Beaumont,\\nPost Surgeon.\\nThomas C. Legate,\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\nElijah Ljon,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\nJames A. Chambers,\\n2d\\n2d\\nJoshua Barney,\\n2d\\n2d\\n1822.\\nJames M. Spencer,\\n1st\\n2d\\na\\n1823.\\nAlexander C.W. Fanning\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nWilliam Whistler,\\n3d Infantry\\nSamuel W. Hunt,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\nAaron H. Wright,\\n2d\\n3d\\nGeorge H. Crosman,\\n2d\\n6th\\nStewart Cowan,\\n2d\\n3d\\n1825.\\nWilliam Hoffman,\\nRichard S. Satterlee,\\nCaptain,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\n2d\\nCarlos A. Wait,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nSeth Johnson,\\n1st\\n2d\\n1826.\\nDavid Brooks,\\n2d\\n2d\\nAlexander R. Thompson,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n(f\\n1827.\\nJames G. Allen,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nif\\nt Died at Fort Mackinac, March 27, 1820.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "84\\nANNALS OF FoRT MACKINAC.\\n1827.\\nEdwin James,\\nAssist. Surgeon\\n11\\nEphraim K. Barnum,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nEdwin V. Sumner,\\n2d\\n2d\\nSamuel T. Heintzelmau,\\n2d\\n2d\\n1828.\\nCharles F. Morton,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nSullivan Burbank,\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\nRobert A. McCabe,\\n5th\\nWilliam Alexander,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nAbner R. Hetzel,\\n2d\\n2d\\nJosiah H. Vose,\\nMajor,\\n5th\\n1829.\\nJames Eugle..\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nAmos Foster,\\n2d\\n5th\\nEnos Cutler,\\nLieut. -Colonel,\\n3d\\nMoses E. Merrill,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nEphraim Kirby Smith,\\n2d\\n5th\\nIsaac Lynde,\\n2d\\n5th\\nCaleb C. Sibley,\\n2d\\n5th\\nWilliam E, Cruger,\\n1st\\n5th\\nLouis T. Jamison,\\n2d\\n5th\\n1830.\\nHenry Clark,\\n1st\\n5th\\n1831.\\nJohn T. Collingsworth,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nRobert McMillan,\\nAssist. Surgeon\\nMedical Department,\\n1832.\\nGeorge M. Brooks,\\nColonel,\\n5th Infantry.\\nWaddy V. Cobbs,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nJoseph S. Gallagher,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nGeorge W. Patten,\\n2d\\n2d\\ni\\nThomas Stockton,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\nAlexander R. Thompson,\\nMajor,\\nOth\\nJohn B. F. Russell,\\nCaptain,\\n5 th\\n1833.\\nWilliam Whistler,\\nMajor,\\n2d\\nEphraim K. Barnum,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nJoseph R. Smith,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nJames W. Penrose,\\n2d\\n2d\\nCharles S. Frailey,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nGeorge F. Turner,\\n1834.\\nJesse H. Leavenworth,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nJohn Glitz, t\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nt Died at Fort Mackinac, November 7, 1836.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n85\\n1835.\\nJames Y. Bomford,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d lufanty.\\nJulius J. B. Kingsbury,\\n1st\\n2d\\nMarsena R. Patrick,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n2d\\n1836.\\nErastus B. Wolcott,\\nAssist, Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nJames W. Anderson,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\n1839.\\nSamuel McKenzie,\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\nArnold E. Jones,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d\\n1840.\\nHarvey Brown.\\nCaptain,\\n4th\\nJohn W. Phe lps,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\nJohn C. Pemberton,\\n2d\\n4th\\n1841.\\nHenry Holt,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nPatrick H. Gait.\\nCaptain,\\n4th Artillery.\\nGeorge C. Thomas,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\nGeorge W. Getty,\\n2d\\n4th\\nAlexander Johnston,\\nCaptain,\\n5th Infantry.\\nAYilliam Chapman,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\ntc\\nSpencer Norvell,\\n2d\\n5th\\nHenrj^ Whiting,\\n2d\\n5th\\na\\nJohn M. Jones,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\n1842.\\nRev. John O Brien,\\nChaplain.\\nMartin Scott,\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\n1843.\\nLevi H. Holden,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nMoses E. Merrill,\\nCaptain,\\n5tli Infantry.\\nWilliam Root,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nJohn C. Robinson,\\n2d\\n5th\\n1844.\\nJohn Byrne,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\n1845.\\nCharles C. Keeney,\\nGeorge C. Westcott,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nSilas Casey,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nJoseph P. Smith,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\nFred Steele,\\n5th\\n1847.\\nFraze} M. Winans,\\nCaptain,\\n15th\\nMichael P. Doyle,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n15th\\nMorgan L. Gage,\\nCaptain,\\n1st Mich. Vols.\\nCaleb F. Davis,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n1st\\nWilliam F. Chittenden,\\n2d\\n1st\\n1848.\\nWilliam N. R. Beall,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n4th Infantry.\\nCharles H. Larnard,\\nCaptain,\\n4th", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "80\\nANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\n1848.\\nHiram Dryer,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n4tli Infantry.\\n1849.\\nJoseph B. Brown,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nJoseph L. Tidball,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.\\n4th Infantry.\\n1850.\\nCharles H. Laub,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\n1851.\\nDavid A. Russell,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th Infantry.\\n1852.\\nThomas Williams,\\nCaptain,\\n4th Artillery.\\nGeorge W. Rains,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\nJacob Culbertsou,\\n2d\\n4th\\nJoseph H. Bailey,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department..\\n1854.\\nJoseph B. Brown,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\n1855.\\nJohn H. Greland,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th Artillery.\\n1856.\\nEdward F. Bagley,\\n2d\\n4th\\nWilliam R. Terrill,\\n1st\\n4th\\n(t\\nJoseph H. Wheelock,\\n1st\\n4th\\nJohn Byrne,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department..\\n1857.\\nArnold Elzey,\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\nHenry Benson,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nGuilford D. Bailey,\\n2d\\n2d\\n1858.\\nHenry C. Pratt,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nHenry A. Smalley,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nJohn F. Head,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department..\\n1859.\\nWilliam A. Hammond,\\nii\\nGeorge L. Hartsuff,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Artillery.\\n1862.\\nGrover S. Wormer,\\nCaptain, Stanton Guards, ^Nlich. Vols.\\nElias F. Sutton,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\nLouis Hartmeyer,\\n2d\\nJames Knox,\\nChaplain,\\nMich. Vols.\\nCharles W. Le Boutillier,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\n1st Minn. Inf y. Vols.\\n1866.\\nJerry N. Hill,\\nCaptain,\\nVet. Res. Corps.\\nWashington L. Wood,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n1867.\\nJohn Mitchell,\\nCaptain,\\n4od Infantry.\\nEdwin C. Gaskill,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n48d\\nJulius Stommell,\\n2d\\n43d\\n1869.\\nLeslie Smith,\\nCaptain,\\n1st\\nJohn Leonard,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st\\nMatthew Markland,\\n2d\\n1st\\n1870.\\nSamuel S. Jessop,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Departments\\n1871.\\nThomas, Sharp,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st Infantry.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICERS.\\n87\\n1872.\\nWilliam M. Notson,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1873.\\nCarlos Carvallo,\\n1874.\\nCharles J. Dickey,\\nCaptain,\\n22d I\\nQfantry.\\nJohn McA. Webster,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n22d\\nJ. Victor De Hanne,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1875.\\nAlfred L. Hough,\\nMajor,\\n22d I\\nnfantry.\\n1876.\\nJoseph Bush,\\nCaptain,\\n22d\\nThomas H. Fisher,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n22d\\nFielding L. Da vies,\\n2d\\n22d\\n1877.\\nCharles A. Webb,\\nCaptain,\\n22d\\nJohn G. Ballance,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n22d\\nTheodore Mosher, Jr.,\\n2d\\n22d\\nPeter Moffat,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1878.\\nOscar D. Ladley,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2 2d Infantry.\\n1879.\\nEdwin E. Sellers,\\nCharles L. Davis,\\nCaptam,\\n10th\\n10th\\nDwight H. Kelton,\\n1st Lieutenant.\\n10th\\nWalter T. Duggau,\\n1st\\n10th\\nBogardus Eldridge,\\n2d\\n10th\\nEdward H. Plummer,\\n2d\\n10th\\nGeorge W. Adair,\\nCaptain,\\nMedic\\nal Department.\\n1882.\\nAVilliam H. Corbusier,", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "HON. ^JVM. p. PRESTON,\\nPresident of Mackinac.", "height": "3648", "width": "2388", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "Map of\\nJ)Jhcki^^o i^hnm\\nMICHIGAN.\\nEntered accordirijr to Act of Congress in 188a by\\nD. H. Kelton.\\nScale, 2 inches to 1 Mile.", "height": "3648", "width": "2388", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "JOHMACOB-ASTOR HOUSE\\nMACKINAC ISLAND,\\nFORMERLY\\nHeadquarters of tlie Anieriean Fur-Company,\\nHeadquarters of Army and :N avy Officers.\\n^THE ASTOR PIOITSE is conveniently located, near the\\n^Y Southern entrance to Fort Mackixac; is provided with\\ngood rooms, good beds, large parlors, two pianos, four billiard\\ntables, bath rooms, barber s shop, telephones, large office and\\nreading room, fine verandas, and an observatory on the top of\\nthe main building.\\nFresh Milk, Butter, Eggs, etc., daily from the Astor\\nFarm.\\nGuests of this house only, have access to the Original\\nBooks of the old American Fur Company, which have attracted\\nso much attention from the Antiquarians of Europe and\\nAmerica.\\nACCOMMODATIONS FOR 500 GUESTS.\\nJAMES F CABLE,\\nJOHN R. BOGAN, Proprietor.\\nClerk.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "Saint Cloud Hotel\\nMACKINAC ISLAND,\\n^yiTUATED upon beautifully terraced grounds overlooking the\\nOl Harbor and Straits of Mackinac. Is complete and modern in\\nall its appointments, and furnished in the Queen Anne style.\\nThe Saint Cloud Hotel offers inducements to Tourists and\\npleasure seekers that are unsurpassed. Its corps of colored servants\\nis the best, while its culinary department is under the charge of a\\nChef de Ctiz szfie, engaged at great expense.\\nIts elegant broad verandas, its large, airy, well ventilated rooms, its\\nOPERATIC SINGERS\\nAND ITS\\nFamous STRING BAND\\nare attractions by which this Hotel has gained its world-wide repu-\\ntation, and which no one can disregard in the selection of a home-\\nlike stopping place while sojourning on this\\nLOVELY AND ROMANTIC ISLE.\\nWENDELL Mcdonald,\\nManagers.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "Hon. T. W. FERRY, Ex-U. S. Senator.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "MISSION HOUSE\\nMACKINAC ISLAND,\\nE. A. FRANKS, PROPRIETOR.\\nDelightfully situated in the\\n-NATIONAL PARKED\\nWithin a short distance of Arch Rock, Fairy Arch,\\nKelton s Pyramid, Giant s Causeway and\\nRobertson s Folly.\\nMISSION HOUSE\\nOmnibuses and Baggage Wagons at every Boat.\\nBarber s Shop and Bath Rooms, Bo^A;\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ling Alleys, Bil-\\nliard Tables, Row Boats, Telephones, Etc., Etc.,\\nconnected AA^ith the House.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "SHABONEE.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "(LWWO ^IJTIQHITIES\\nBy H. H. HURLBUT.\\nvast number of old MSS. Schedules, Lists of\\nCc jl Names, Autographs, Sketches of eminent nnen\\n^^^J and their families, Celebrated Indians, their\\nWars and Treaties, Portraits, Maps and Plates,\\nall which, connected with a racy, running conament-\\nary from a free and easy pen, make up the body of\\nthe work, and furnish one of the most entertaining\\nand at the same tinne valuable historical books yet\\npublished. It is executed in the best style of typo-\\ngraphical art, and best of all, this great storehouse of\\nhistorical and genealogical information is rendered\\nreadily available by an excellent index, the lack of\\n^A^hich has spoiled so many otherwise really valuable\\nAA^OrkS. cKbt. a^i^ (^eueaf. 3Ic ^i; J:c r-.\\nThis volume -will be sent, express charges\\npaid, to those who may order it. Price,\\n$7.50 C. O. D.\\nAddress,\\nMiss Hattie P. Hurlbut,\\n44 Soiitfv dun Street,\\nCHICAGO. ILL.\\na\\nPREPARING FOR THE PRESS\\n\u00c2\u00a7111 Inland Seas, aiid Earif Late fiayjo atii,\\nBy HENRY H. HURLBUT,\\nAuthor of Chicago Antiquities.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "ME-TE-A.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "J. W. DAVIS SON,\\nAT\\nTHE BLUE FRONT STORE,\\nDEALERS IN-\\nSTAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES, DRY GOODS,\\nBOOTS AND SHOES, HARDWARE, TINWARE, CROCKERY,\\nPAINTS AND OILS, CORDAGE, TOILET SOAPS,\\nPERFUMERY, PLAIN AND FANCY STATIONERY,\\nYANKEE NOTIONS.\\nSUMMER SPECIALTIES-\\nCONFECTIONERY, FRUITS, CIGARS and SMOKERS GOODS.\\nSUPPLIES FOR PIC-NICS AND FISHING PARTIES\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAnnals of Fort Mackinac, History of Old and New Mackinaw.\\nAnne, a Novel, by Constance Fenimore Woolson.\\nA COMPLETE STOCK OF FISHINC TACKLE.\\nOur line of Cigars includes Tansill s Punch and Hierr Aldricb s\\nLa Patria.\\nROW BOATS TO LET.\\nagents for\\nSteamer MESSENGER. running from CHEBOYGAN to MANIS-\\nTIQUE via MACKINAC, ST. IGNACE, GILCHRIST, SCOTT S\\nPOINT, and all Shore Points.\\nSteamer A. C. VAN RAALTE, running from CHEBOYGAN to\\nSAULT STE. MARIE via ST. IGNACE and MACKINAC.\\nIn the novel Anne, the visitor to Mackinac will find a romance of\\nunusual interest. The plot is laid or opened on the Island of Mackinac.\\nIt has admirable sketches of Island Scenery and descriptions of Ancient\\nIslanders, habits and condition.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "North Sally-Port.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "S. Farrell. E. a. Farrell. J. J. Post. T. T. VanArsdale.\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL\\nHardware Merchants\\nST. IGNAOE, MICH.\\nIn asking your patronage, we do so feeling confident of pleasing you,\\nboth in the\\nQuality of our Goods and in our Schedule of Prices.\\nAs we buy largely from manufacturers, we are prepared to offer Jobbers\\nPrices on everything in our line where quantity is required, and those\\nbuying in smaller lots will receive the advantage of our low purchases.\\nOur stock will at all times be found complete in\\nIRON, NAILS, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, ROPE,\\nBUILDING PAPER, TINWARE, SASH, DOORS, BLINDS,\\nPAINTS, OILS, GLASS, PUTTY, LAMP GOODS, BLOCKS,\\nSEWING MACHINES, LEATHER and RUBBER BELTING,\\nRUBBER, HEMP and SOAPSTONE PACKING, Etc.,\\nAnd in all other goods found in a first-class Hardware Store. We carry\\nalso a Full Line of WIRE GOODS, consisting of FLOWER STANDS,\\nBIRD CAGES, HANGING BASKETS, Etc. Also, Silver Plated\\nGoods, Fishing Tackle, Etc. Every description of\\nWOOD AND COAL STOVES AiND RANGES.\\nAGENTS FOR STANDARD OIL COMPANY S OILS.\\nAll Orders will be promptly Filled and Delivered in Town Free of Charge.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "TECUMSEH.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "EST-A^ZBLISHEID 1S54.\\nJOHN R. BAILEY,\\nDEALER IN\\nAnd all other Goods usually found\\nIn a first-class Drug Store,\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC,\\nBOOKS, STATIONERY,\\nCONFECTIONERY,\\nPare Wines and Liqaors for Medicinal Purposes.\\nPRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY COMPOUNDED.\\nDr. John R. Bailey\\nU. S. EXAMINING SUEGEON.\\nLate Surgeon U. S. Vols., late Attemling-Surgeon at\\nFort Mackinac.\\nRESIDENCE, adioiiimg Island House. OFFICE, In Drug Store.\\nstore and Residence conneeted by Telephone,", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "View in Fort.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "TIEI P^\\nST. IGNACE REPUBLICAN\\nP. D. BISSELL. Editor,\\nST. IGNAOE, MACKmAO CO., MICH.,\\n^jfS PUBLISHED every Saturday morning at St.\\n3il Ignace, the most southern point of the Upper\\nPeninsula of Michigan, at the Straits terminus of\\nthe Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad.\\nThe Republican is a representative newspaper of\\nthe growing city of St. Ignace not inaptly termed\\nthe Gateway City of Northern Michigan\\nhaving for its chief aim the diffusion of such reliable\\ninformation regarding the city wherein published,\\nthe famed Mackinac Island Summer Resort, the\\nCounty of Mackinac, and the whole Upper Penin-\\nsula region, as will be of interest to the general\\nreader, and contribute to the development and\\nsettlement of a section hitherto overlooked, even\\nby the people of our own Commonwealth, which\\noffers to the farmer and the laboring man, the lum-\\nberman and miner, the tradesman and manufac-\\nturer, and all conditions of men, a most desirable\\nfield for settlement and investment.\\nadvertising RATES:\\nPER INCH SPACE.\\nTransient Advertisements, per month, $2 00\\nSix Months, $6 00 One Year, 10 00\\nTERMS:\\nPer Yeai?, $2 00 Six Months, $1 00", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "MICHAEL McNALLY.\\nPATRICK DONNELLY.\\nMcNally Donnelly\\nid^ ^../f^ rf i^J^ 0^\\niyn^A.ciciisr.i^o isl-A^dstid, dvlicieh:.\\nMcJValljj Donnelly heg to inform the pub-\\nlic that they have constantly on hand the\\nfolloiviiig provisions which are stored iiv their\\nMAMMOTH REFRIGERATORS.\\nBeef, Bacon, Trout, Geese,\\nMutton, Hams, Oysters, Butter,\\nVeal, Lard, Chickens, Eggs,\\nPork, Sausage, Ducks, Cheese,\\nVenison, Whitefish, Turkeys, Salt,\\nAND ALL KINDS OF\\nChoice Vegetables received Daily by Express\\nVESSELS PEOVISIONEL AT SHORTEST NOTICE.\\nContractors for supplying Beef to the United States Troops at Fort\\nMackinac, Michigan.\\nPasturage for Horses and Cattle at Reasonable Rates.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "ERICSSON S\\nImproved Caloric Pumping Engine\\nIs speciaUy intended for domestic use in lifting and\\nfUrlN forcing water from wells or cisterns, or from water\\npipes to tanks on upper floors, for the supply of build-\\nings in city or country. Can be run with gas, coal,\\ncharcoal, etc. Over 5,000 in use.\\n6-inch cylinder, pumping 200 gallons per hour 50 ft.\\nWith Gas Furnace $210 00\\nWith Coal Furnace 220 00\\n8-inch cylinder, pumping 350 gallons per hour 50 ft.\\njljl j llll II With Gas Furnace $260 00\\nIlllHLiM With Coal Furnace 275 00\\n12-inch cylinder, pumping 600 gallons per hour 50 ft.\\ni* With Coal Furnace, only $350 00\\n12-inch duplex cylinders, pumping 1200 gallons 50 ft.\\nWith Coal Furnace, only $550 00\\nAlso full line of Steam Pumps, Direct Acting.\\nRIDER\\nIiproved Compression Caloric Pumping Engine\\nFor pumping water for Hotels, Business Blocks,\\nWater-Balance Elevators, Irrigation, Army Posts,\\nRanches, etc. We make two sizes to burn coal,\\ncharcoal, and wood, as follows\\n6-inch cylinder pumping 800 gallons per hour\\n70 feet $40D 00\\nlo-inch cylinder, pumping 3000 gallons per hour\\n70 feet $700 00\\nBoth styles of engines are entirely safe, no steam\\nbeing employed, and arc not liable to derange-\\nment. No valves No exhaust Still running\\nAbsolutely safe Anyone can operate.\\nMade strictly on the interchangeable plan, with\\nduplicate parts to fit, so that any part or piece can\\nbe supplied if necessary. Can pump to a greater\\nor lesser height than 50 or 70 feet by increasing or\\ndecreasing diameter of pump.\\nThe above prices include engine, pump, air-\\nchamber, vacuum chamber, furnace, oil, lubricat-\\ning can and wrench.\\nMANUFACTURED BY\\nDELAMATER IKUi\\\\ WORKS,\\nC. H. DELAMATER CO.. Proprietors, 16 Corllandi St., New Yort N. Y., U. S. A.\\nH. P. SANGER, Bank Block, Detroit, Special Agent.\\nSend for Descriptive Catalogue.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "ARCH ROCK.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "RICHARD P. HULBERT,\\n(Formerly a resident, of Erie, Pa.)\\nIn business at MACKINAC since 1851.\\nDEALEB IN\\nGeneral Merchandise\\nINCLUDING\\nLadies and Gents Furnishing Goods,\\nCarpets, Rugs, Matting,\\nMillinery and Straw Goods,\\nBoots and Shoes,\\nGloves and Parasols,\\nWall Paper and Window Blinds,\\nConfectionery, Etc.\\nLaces,\\nVelvets and\\nDress Goods\\nGenerally.\\nMACKINAC ISLAm MICHIGAN.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "Block House Built in 1780.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "C. W. CASKEY,\\nContractor Builder\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0OIF-\\nSUMMER COTTAGES\\nAt Mackinac Island and Harbor Point\\nResorts,\\n-AND DEALER IN-\\nLUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, and ALL KINDS of BUILDING MATERIAL.\\nLumber Yards at Harbor Springs and Point St. Ignace.\\nI have the largest experience in the building and arranging of\\nSummer Cottages of any one in Michigan, having built over fifty-\\nlast season, and have contracts on hand now April 25th, 1883\\namounting to over Tv*?enty-five Thousand Dollars.\\nI have Lots for sale on all the resorts of Northern Michigan, at\\nprices from Fifty to Six Hundred Dollars each. Any information\\nregarding the SUMMER RESORTS will be cheerfully given, and\\nPlans and PRICES for Cottages furnished on application.\\nAddress\\nCHAS. W. CASKEY,\\nHarbor Springs, Einniet Co., Mich.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "LITTLE TURTLE.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "INDIAN CURIOSITIES.\\nw.w.wendell s\\nIndian Alhambra\\nMACKIMO ISLAND, MICH.\\nBest Assortment in the Northwest of Rare Shells, Minerals,\\nLake Superior Agates and Amethysts, Indian Pipes,\\nWampum, War-Clubs, Tomahawks, Scalping Knives,\\nIndian Head-Dresses, Eagles Feathers, Bears Claws,\\nPorcupine Skins, Bows and Arrows, Arrow Heads,\\nSpears, Boomerangs, Snow-Shoes, Mackinac Canes,\\nFishing Poles, Etc., and all kinds of CURIOSITIES.\\nA beautiful Line of Porcupine-Quill and Sweet-Grass Work,\\nIncluding Scented Table-Mats, Canoes, Satchels,\\nPortfolios, Reticules, Handkerchief Boxes,\\nMiniature Mococks of Maple Sugar.\\nCall and see Indians at Work making ttie Articles we offer for sale.\\nANNALS OF FORT MACXINAC.\\nHeadquarters for Licensed GUIDES to accompany Pedestrians in\\nmaking the tour of the Island; they will help you SAVE STEPS,\\nTIME and MONEY.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "View from Steps of P. E. Church.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "H. P. Sanger. F. W. Noble.\\nSanger Noble,\\nThe DELAMATER lEON WOEES, New York.\\nThe ERICSSON HOT AIR PUMPING ENGINE.\\nThe RIDER COMPRESSION HOT AIR PUMPING ENGINE.\\nThe PHCENIX ENGINE WORKS, MeadvUle, Pa.\\nThe NOTEMAN ROTARY ENGINE PUMP CO., Toledo, 0.\\nThe COLUMBUS STEAM PUMP CO., Columbus, 0.\\nAND\\nVictor Colliau s Improved Cupola Furnace,\\nAND\\nTHE CLINTON WIRE \\\\A^ORKS WIRE LATH FOR\\nFIREPROOFING BUILDINGS,\\nOffice, Room 24 Bank Block, DETROIT, MICH,\\nESPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO ALL EINDS OF HYDEAULIC WOEE.\\nS. DOW ELWOOD, G. W. LLOYD,\\nA. CHAPATON, Jr. C. VALETTE KASSON,\\nGEO. F. MOORE, STANDART BROS\\nLIEUT. D. H. KELTON, U. S, A.\\nWe fLirnished to the U. S. Government the small\\nRIDER ENGINE novsr in use at FORT MACKINAC,\\nwhere it can be seen at ^A^ork every a, m. from 8 to\\nlO o clock, Sundays excepted.\\nThe Engine was manufactured by Delamater Co.,\\nof New York.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "PYRAMID ROCK.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "JVIACKINAC NATIONAL F^ARK.\\nT/ie distant horn sounds szveet and clear.\\nTo gladden the jubilee of the year;\\nUtifurl our Starry banners here.\\nWe greet the throng zvith happy cheers.\\nAnd wish the folly Charioteers\\nA glorious time and many years.\\nll^gTARR S CHARIOT ^?vill make regular trips over\\n11 Si the beautiful Island of Mackinac, leaving the\\nhotels and steamboat landings at 9 a. m. and 2 p. m.,\\nrunning through the National Park to Arch Rock, Kel-\\nton s Pyramid, Fort Holmes, Skull Cave, Devil s Kitchen,\\nLover s Leap, Fort Mackinac, and other places of interest.\\nThis lovely Isle has long been famous for the beauty\\nof its natural scenery, and for the singular purity and\\nexhilerating effects of the air. Visitors -will find it\\ndelightful riding through these pleasant groves in the\\nNational Park.\\nThe drives AA^ind here and there in the most enchant-\\ning way, continually unfolding nevs/ objects of inter-\\nest and scenes of beauty.\\nA Guide AA^ill acconnpany the Chariot to furnish\\nfun, philosophy, and unwritten history.\\nWe wish to make these Chariot rides as popular\\nand pleasant as possible.\\nChariot Tickets for the round trip only 50 cents, for\\nsale at the office.\\nSaddle Horses and Livery Rigs of all kinds will be\\nfurnished at the office.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "Hon. EDWARD A. FRANKS.\\nFor 33 Years Proprietor of Mission House.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "Col. G. S. HUBBARD.\\nProprietor of Hubbard s Annex.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "HUBBARD S ANNEX.\\nS\\n(CTN laying out my ANNEX TO the NATIONAL PARK ON the\\nry\\\\ ISLAND OF MACKINAC, it has been my aim so to utilize the\\nC\\\\ natural advantages of the location as to make every point attrac-\\ntive as a place for summer homes.\\nLakeview Boulevard, one hundred feet wide, extends along the bluff\\nfrom fifteen to twenty feet distant from its edge, and one hundred and\\nfifty feet above the lake. It is continued by the United States Govern-\\nment through that part of the National Park adjoining, to be further\\nextended by the village of Mackinac authorities (they having passed an\\norder to that effect) to the public road, thus making a complete and\\nbeautiful drive along the bluff of the lake.\\nMost of the other streets, following the course of the ravines, afford\\nexcellent roads, and give to the lots rising on each side the advantages\\nof elevated situations and fine views. The majority of the lots are finely\\nwooded with numerous varieties of hard wood and evergreens. About\\none-third of the ANNEX is in streets, parks and open grounds, not to\\nbe built upon.\\nA number of cottages, costing from $900 to $3,500, are already under\\ncontract, to be completed by June, 1883. For the accommodation of\\nfamilies living on these grounds, an Eating House, two stories high,\\n40x80 feet, has been built. Additional improvements on streets and\\nboulevards will be made early the coming spring.\\nI will sell lots to those who will build cottages thereon at a liberal\\ndiscount on list prices.\\nFor further information apply to\\nG. S. HUBBARD,\\n14J Locust Street,\\nCHICAGO. ILL.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "Block House. Built in 1780.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "IRKWOOD\\nEIINARY\\nFOR YOUNG LADIES\\nAt KIRKWOOD, ST. LOUIS CO., MO.\\n{Seven Miles front St. Louis on the M. C. R. R.)\\nThe 23(1 Annual Session will open in September, 1883.\\nCatalogues, Circulars, Terms, etc., etc., furnished upon\\napplication.\\nZF^A^CXTLT^X^.\\nMiss ANNA C. SNEED,\\nPrincipal.\\nMiss MARY C. SNEED,\\nVocal and Instrumental Music.\\nMiss JEANNETTE McLAGAN,\\nAdvanced Department and Pen-\\nmanship.\\nMiss LILY M. BRUNER,\\nEnglish Branches and Music.\\nMrs. HELEN E. BARR,\\nPrimary Department.\\nMiss BESSIE N. SUTHERLAND\\nPrimary Assistant.\\nMiss MARY M. BARR,\\nMusic and Kindergarten.\\nMiss BESSIE BARR,\\nKindergarten Assistant.\\nRev. F. B. SCHEETZ,\\nExaminer in Latin.\\nMad. L. TINLING,\\nFrench.\\nGerman and Spanish.\\nMiss ANNA C. SNEED.\\nArt Department.\\nProf. H. M. BUTLER,\\nViolin.\\nMrs. S. K. SNEED,\\nBoarding Department.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "THE GRIFFON.\\nThe First Vessel on the Upper Lakes.\\nBuilt by LaSalle, 1679.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "MTIT, iffliC iim\\nRAII^ROAD.\\nt,\\nBETWEEN ALL POINTS EAST AND\\nMarquette, Negaunee, L Anse, Ishpeming, Hough-\\nton, Hancock, Oalumet, Ontonagon, Eagle\\nHarbor, Lake Linden,\\nAND ALL PLACES IN THE\\nIRON JlND copper REGIONS\\nOF MICHIGAN.\\nTHE term Cheapest, Shortest, and Quickest has become\\nstereotyped, and is undoubtedly used at times when it ought not\\nto be. But when we tell you that we are 311 miles nearer the cities of\\nthe East (of which you can satisfy yourself by referring to any general\\nRailroad Guide), than any of the lines via Chicago, we mean it.\\nExpress trains each way daily, and Accommodation trains daily,\\nexcept Sundays, between St. Ignace and Marquette, at which city\\nconnection is made with the M., H. O. R. R. for points mentioned\\nabove.\\nOur equipment will be found first-class. Steel rails, Pullman Sleep-\\ning-Coaches on night trains, etc., etc. The Straits of Macki-\\nnac are crossed on the fine steam ferry-boat Algomah.\\nPurchase Tickets by the Mackinac Route via Detroit, Mich-\\nigan Central Railroad, or Grand Rapids Indiana Rail-\\nroad, or on Palace Steamer City of Cleveland from Detroit, or\\nNew England Transportation Line Boats from Chicago and\\nCollingwood, and Detroit, Mackinac Marquette Railroad.\\nUnsurpassed Hunting and Fishing at points along the Line\\nof the D., M. M. R. R. For further information apply to\\nD. McCOOL, Gen l Sup t, F. MILLIGAN, Gen l Pass. Ag t,\\nMarquette, Mich. Marquette, Mich.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "iPiRiOE^ B x:h t-^ oein ts-\\njlJ^I^A^LS\\nFOUT mjlck:in^c\\nD WIGHT H. K ELTON,\\nU. S. ARMY.\\nREVISED EDITION.\\n1883.\\nFOR SALE BY\\n{See Mackiiiac Island Advertisements)\\nR. S. McGARVIE. Newsdealer, St. Ignace, Mich.\\nL. I. WILLETS, Postmaster and Merchant, Mackinaw City, Mich.\\nDr. E. I. M. lacy, Druggist and Stationer, Sault Ste. Marie,\\nMich.\\nROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, Ohio.\\nJAMES ANGLIM CO., Washington, D. C.\\nSent post-paid o?i receipt of Price.", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "H 62 90 M", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "i^-Xo\u00c2\u00ab \u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^Xv* \u00e2\u0080\u00a2^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2X\u00e2\u0080\u009e4", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "0^ ^o^\\n^oV^\\nlO* .\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2VL%\\nV 1 C\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i.o\\nC^\\no,.*Tr,.*^o v*;Tr.*.\u00c2\u00ab*\\n^.\u00e2\u0096\u00a01^\\n^^K o^\\ni.*^^-\\\\-^^* ^*^aO V\\n5^ -^c\\no, ^^v7*^ A *\u00c2\u00ab.T\u00c2\u00ab .0\\nr ^t^ V\\nri^\\n/,.^-..*o\\nS..\\nr .._, i-^i ,:k:i.. V ^.!ia^.\\nHECKMAN\\nBINDERY INC. |b\\n^JAN 90\\n^|B^ N. MANCHESTER,\\nINDIANA 46962", "height": "3643", "width": "2305", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3799", "width": "2508", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keltdw_0148.jp2"}}