{"1": {"fulltext": "F572\\n.M16K19", "height": "3058", "width": "1966", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "-TV", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "L\\n*t^", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Wliitney s\\nI oiiit\\nJAnGKiw^ l^Wjim\\nMICHIGAN.\\nScale, 2 inches to 1 Mile.", "height": "2865", "width": "1893", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "_VJI^\\nBY MAIL 30 CENTS,\\nvirr\\nANNALS\\nOF\\nFORT MACKINAC\\nc\\nBY\\nd\\\\a;^ight h. kelton\\nISLAND EDITIOl^I.\\n_i\\n::3=", "height": "2865", "width": "1893", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "HON. WM. P. PEESTON,\\nPresident of Mackinac.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "\u00c2\u00ab0\\nANNALS\\nS OF\\nFort Mackinac\\nDWIGHT H. KELT ON\\nLIEUT. U. S. ARMY.\\nISLAND EDITION.\\n18 84.,", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1884, by\\nDWIGHT H. KELTON,\\nIn the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.\\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED.\\ny\\nyiV\\nprinted bv\\nThe Detroit Free Press Co.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "Beauteous Isle I sing of thee,\\nMackinac, my Mackinac;\\nriiy lake-bound shores I love to see,\\nMackinac, my Mackinac.\\nFrom Arch Rock s height and shelving steep\\nTo western cliffs and Lover s Leap,\\nWj.ere memories of the lost one sleep,\\nMackinac, my Mackinac.\\nThy northern shore trod British foe,\\nMackinac, my Mackinac:\\nThat day saw gallant Holmes laid low,\\nMackinac, ray Mackinac.\\nNow Freedom s flag above thee waves,\\nAnd guards the rest of fallen braves,\\nTheir requiem sung by Huron s waves,\\nMackinac, my Mackinac.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "GREETING.\\nrr^HE evenings of another long Mackinac winter have been\\nspent revising and amplifying the Annals of Fort\\nMackinac.\\nFacts have been simply and briefly stated.\\nMost of the old local records are in the French langnage,\\nin the translation of which I have been assisted by Lieut.\\nEdward H. Plummer.\\nAs many of the explanations of the geographical names\\ndiffer from those usually given and generally accepted, it is\\nnot expected that they will escape criticism.\\nMost of the views of scenery were prepared especially for\\nthe Annals, as was also the map of Ancient Michilimacki-\\nnac.\\nAmong the portraits there are several of persons, more\\nor less generally known; among them that of Rev. Father\\nEdward Jacker, widely known as the discoverer of Marquette s\\ngrave also that of Col. Pat. Donan, who has done more than\\nany living man, as author of that beautiful little volume,\\nMackinac Island, the Wave-washed Tourists Paradise of\\nthe Unsalted Seas, to attract the attention of tourists to the\\nIsle of the Dancing Spirits.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "6\\nGREETING.\\nAmong others I am under obligations to the following\\nResiding at Makinac Dr. John R. Bailey, Hon. John\\nBiDDLE, Hon. William P. Preston, Hon. Benoni Lachance,\\nHon. James Lasley, Capt. George C. Ketchum, James F.\\nCable, Esq.\\nSpace in this small volume will not allow me to mention\\nby name the many persons to whom I am indebted for\\nvaluable assistance, nor the many records, manuscripts and\\nbooks consulted.\\n/Q/ hh^\\\\^JLJJ:d^^j\\nFort Mackinac, Mioh.,\\nJune^ 188J^,\\nFairy Arch.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "E; f^S e A\\\\ \u00e2\u0096\u00a0lit:\\n;M A G lii i\\\\ AC", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "o\\n(Groa\\nV\\nf\\n,C)\\n.V\\no\\nUl\\no", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC.\\nThe name Micliilimakinac, or, as the Indians pronounce it,\\nMishinimal inang, properly signifies The conntry of the\\nMishinhnakir (Thus, Otawanang, the country of the\\nOtawa Otchipivejiang, the country of the Ojibwa Osagi-\\nnang [English, Saginaw], the country of the Osaki, or Sac\\nIndians). And, in fact, the term Michilimackinac, or, the\\ncountry of Michilimackinac, was by the early French applied\\nto a large portion of the eastern half of the Upper Penin-\\nsula of Michigan.\\nBy degrees the term was restricted to the French and In-\\ndian settlements on either side of the strait, and finally to\\nthe Island of Mackinac.\\nThe French La Pointe de St. Ignace had likewise a\\nbroader signification than the present Point St. Ignace.\\nIt was applied to the whole of the little peninsula whose\\nbasis may be defined by a line drawn due west from the\\nmouth of Carp River to Lake Michigan. Our map shows\\nonly the southern half of it.\\nEARLIEST INHABITANTS.\\nThe Ancient miners of upper Michigan probably con-\\nnected with the Mound builders of the Mississippi Valley,\\nand with the Toltees and Aztecs, may have had an agricul-\\ntural out-post at St. Ignace. The vestiges of a mound have\\nbeen traced in the neighborhood of Point La Barbe. No\\ntradition, however, referring to that people is found among\\nour Indians. The earliest inhabitants known to the latter", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "10\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nwere the Mishinimaki, or, as they uow call them, Mishini-\\nmakinago.\\nAccording to the statement of a few still surviving at the\\ntime of the French occupation, that tribe was all but exter-\\nminated by the Iroquois, in retaliation for a successful raid\\nmade by them into the country of the latter.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICIIJLIMAKINAC. 11\\nEARLY FRENCH VISITORS, AND TRANSIENT\\nINDIAN SETTLERS.\\nJohn Nicolet, on his remarkable journey from Canada to\\nGreen Bay about 1634 was undoubtedly the first white\\nman that saw the Island of Mackinac, and, coasting around\\nthe little peninsula, entered Lake Michigan.\\nFrom the meagre account left of his journey, nothing can\\nbe gleaned regarding the inhabitants of the Mackinac country\\nat that period.\\nBut whatever Indian population that intrepid traveler may\\nhave met there, the whole neighborhood was deserted twenty\\nyears later, when the ascendancy gained by the Iroquois in\\nconsequence of their destructive onslaught on the Hurons\\n(1649), had compelled all the little Algonquin clans on Lake\\nHuron to seek safer quarters on Lake Superior and Green\\nBay. In 1651, or perhaps the year following, the small\\ntpibe of Tionontate Hurons, on their flight before the Iro-\\nquois, reached Mackinac, and deeming the island a safe re-\\ntreat, held it for about two years but being deceived in their\\nexpectation, retreated to the islands at the mouth of Green\\nBay, and later on, to its head.\\nSome of the old clearings which dot the wooded part of\\nMackinac Island may date back to that period, for the Tion-\\nontates were tillers of the soil. In the autumn of 1654, two\\nyoung Frenchmen, convoyed by Indians, passed Mackinac,\\non their way to Green Bay. They repassed the island in the\\nsummer of 1656, with fifty canoes laden with fur for the\\nCanada market, and manned by five hundred Hurons and\\nAlgonquins.\\nThe next Frenchman known to have passed the strait was\\nNicolas Perrot, to whose Memoirs we are indebted for a", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "12 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC\\nportion of what we know of those early times. He made\\nhis first journey to Green Bay about 1665. From that date\\ndown to the end of the century, Perrot was a frequent visi-\\ntor at Mackinac, and on some occasions played a conspicuous\\npart in the transactions between his countrjanen and the In-\\ndians at that post. At length the Black Gown arrived.\\nFather Claude Allouez was the first of the Jesuit mission-\\naries who saw the far-famed island. He had left La Pointe\\ndu St. Esprit on Lake Superior in the sunnner of 1669, and\\nstarted from Sault Ste. Marie, November 3rd, with two French\\ncompanions and some Pottawatomie Indians. From Novem-\\nber 5th to 11th, he lay wind and snow-bound on Little St.\\nMartin s Island, to which he probably gave its name, the\\nday of his departure being St. Martin s day. Crossing over\\nfrom Big St. Martin s Island to the opposite shore, he\\nmet two Frenchmen and a few Indians, who endeavored in\\nvain to make him desist from his intended visit to Green\\nBay, so late in the season.\\nWhile coasting along the shore, with the island in view,\\nthe missionary listened with pleasure to the recital, by his\\nIndian companions, of some of the legends which the author\\nof Hiawatha has put into English verse. Hiawatha is the\\nMena-bosho, or Nena-bosho, of the Algonquins and the\\nIsland of Mackinac was considered as his birthplace and\\nagain, after the flood, as the locality where that civilizer of\\nmankind, observing a spider weaving its web, invented the\\nart of fishing with gill-nets. Father Allouez reached the\\nhead of Green Bay after a month s journey full of hardship\\nand peril.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICIIILIMAKINAO. 13\\nTHE MISSION OF ST. IGIs ATIUS\u00e2\u0080\u0094 FATHER MAR-\\nQUETTE\u00e2\u0080\u0094 HIS CHAPEL.\\nIn the fall of 1670, Father Claude Dablon, in his capacity\\nas Superior of the Jesuits on the upper lakes, selected the\\npoint north of the strait, then lirst called La Pointe de St.\\nIgnace., as the site of a new missionary establishment in the\\nplace of the mission at La Pointe du St Esprit^ on Lake\\nSuperior, then on the point of being abandoned. One of\\nthe fathers, most likely Dablon himself, spent the winter on\\nthe spot, in all probability within the limits of the present\\nvillage of St. Ignace, and put up some provisional buildings.\\nA few Indians only, wintered in the neighborhood, but new\\nand permanent settlers were expected first of all the wander-\\ning Tionontate Hnrons. Leaving Green Bay, 1656 or 1657,\\ntiiat remarkable clan, then consisting of about 500 souls, had\\nreached the Upper Mississippi, and after many adventures\\nand reverses, finally settled on the Bay of Shagawamigong\\nnow Ashland Bay, Wis. where Father Allouez met them\\nin 1665. Since the autumn of 1669, they had been under\\nthe care of Father Marquette, who was now (1671) to accom-\\npany them back to the Mackinac country.\\nThe party arrived at St. Ignace towards the end of June,\\nat the earliest, for at the great gathering of Indians and\\nFrench in Sault Ste. Marie, June 14th, they had not yet\\nreached the Rapids.\\nThe exact site of Father Marquette s temporary chapel\\nand hut (cabane) is not known. It appears, however, from\\nsome incidental remarks in that Father s report and in a later\\nRelation., that those humble buildings stood at some, though\\nnot a very considerable, distance from the Huron fort near\\nwliich the second church was built. On December 8th,", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "14 AK^ ALS OF FUKT MACKINAC.\\n1(372, Joliet arrived with orders from the Governor of New\\nFi-ance and the Superior of the Jesuits in Quebec for Father\\nMarquette, to accompany him on liis journey of discovery.\\nThe party spent the winter in St. Ignace, and started May\\n17th, 1673. At that time the Hurons in St. Ignace num-\\nbered 380 souls.\\nSome 60 Otawas of theSinago chin had hitely joined them.\\nTHE HURON FORT.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SECOND CHURCH.\\nIn the second year of Marquette s stay, tlie Tionontates-\\nbegan to build their fort or palisaded village. According tO\\nLaHontan s plan, it occupied about the middle of the level\\nground surrounding East Moran Bay. And there it re-\\nmained until the Hurons departure for Detroit, about 1702.\\nSoon after Marquette s departure, Fathers Henry Nouvel and\\nPhilip Pierson, abandoning the old site, built a suljstantial,,\\nthough small, church and an adjoining residence, protected,\\nafter the fashion of the times, by a palisade enclosure. In\\nthis new church Father Marquette s remains were interred,\\nJune 9th, 1677.\\nThere can be no doubt about its position. The Jesuits re-\\nport of 1678 places it in close proximity to the Huron fort.\\nSo does Lallontan, in 1688. His plan shows it south of the\\nfort or village, from which he says It is only separated\\nby a palisade enclosure.\\nAnd there it undoubtedly remained until its destructions\\nby tire, about 1706.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT anCHILIMAKINAC. 15\\nALGOK Qm]Sr VILLAGE AXD CHUECH.\\nSoon after Marquette s departure, several clans of Otawas\\nand kindred tribes all comprised by the missionaries under\\nthe name of Algonquins made their appearance and settled\\non the shore of Lake Huron, a little over two miles from the\\nJesuits residence, accordingly near the bluff called by the\\nIndians the She Rabbit, south of the He Eabbit, or\\nSitting Rabbit (Rabbit s Back). Here too a church, and a\\ndwelling house for the Otawa missionary, were built. Ac-\\ncording to Plennepin, who officiated in it, it was covered with\\nbark. In 1679, LaSalle honored it with his visit. Of its\\nlater history nothing is known. Besides a floating popula-\\ntion, sometimes not inconsiderable, the Algonquin village\\ncontained, in 1677, as many as 1300 souls, the principal clan\\nbeing; that of the Kishkako.\\n^fp :T.^^^^^^5^:^^feS:^\\n^v^*^", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "in ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nEEMOYAL OF THE ALGOXQUIN TILLAGE.\\nLallontan, wlio visited St. Iguace in tlie spring of 16SS,\\nis silent about that church and settlement, but j)laces an\\nOtawa village in the immediate neighborhood of the Hurons,\\non East Moran Bay, stating at the same time that during his\\nstay, the Otawas, apprehending some trouble with their\\nHuron friends, began to fortify themselves on a neighboring\\nbluff. From this it would appear that the Algonquins, or\\nOtawas a name then applied to most of the northwestern\\nAlgonquins had, within the last few years, moved about\\ntwo miles south. The former presence of an Indian popula-\\ntion on the bluff above that part of St. Ignace popularly\\ncalled Vide Poche^ is proved by the numerous articles of\\nIndian and French manufacture ploughed up there by some\\nof the present settlers. Tlie local tradition also places a fort\\non that hio lit.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC. 17\\nTHE OTAWA VILLAGE AT GEOS CAP.\\nIn 1677, or shortly before, another body of Algonquins\\nOtawas properly so called came to swell the Indian popula-\\ntion of St. Ignace.\\nThey settled, it appears, on the shore of Lake Michigan,\\nbetween Point La Barbe and Gros Cap. This assumption\\nseems necessary to reconcile the statements, in the Jesuits\\nreport of 1678, regarding the respective distances between\\ntheir residence (near the Huron village) and the two Indian\\nsettlements, the Algonquin village and the New Otawa\\nvillage. The existence of a large Otawa settlement near\\nGros Cap, in 1699, is certain from the account given by the\\nMissionary Buisson de St. Come of his journey from Macki-\\nnac to the Lower Mississippi. The party, of which the\\nnoble Tonty was one, sent their canoes around the point to\\nthe Otawa village, and walked themselves across the port-\\nage. The village counted then about 1500 souls.\\nIn 1702, these Otawas followed Cadillac, with the bulk of\\nthe Indian population of St. Ignace, to his new establish-\\nment on the Detroit river, but soon returned to their old\\nquarters, and finally went over to the northwestern shore of\\nLower Michigan, where their descendants are still living. It\\nwas during their second stay on West Moran Bay that the\\nfamous trader who left his name to it lived among them.\\nThe remains of their dead, together with wampum, glass\\nbeads and other articles of Indian and French manufacture,\\nare frequently found in the sandy ground at the head of the\\nlittle Bay.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "IS ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nST. FRANCIS BORGIA S CHAPEL.\\nFor tlie accommodation of the two settlements the\\nAlo onquin Village on Lake Huron, and the ne\\\\v Otawa\\nVillage on Lake Michigan Father Henry Nonvel l)uilt a\\nchurch of bark at a distance of about two and a half miles\\nfrom the residence and church of St. Ignatius and, in\\nhonor of the first general of the society who sent mission-\\naries to America, named it the church of St. Francis Borgia.\\nThere, with Father Enjalran, he passed the winter of 1G77-8,\\nin a wigwam adjoining tlie chapel, receiving and instructing\\ndaily frequent visitors from both villages. We do not know\\nhow long that chapel remained in use.\\nDuluth, who spent the winter of 1680-1 in St. Ignace,\\nstill gives Father Enjalran the title of missionary of St.\\nFrancis Borgia.\\nThe (surmised) removal of the Algonquins from the Rab-\\nbit Buttes must have made the position of the chapel isolated,\\nas it was no longer on the thoroughfare between the two\\nsettlements.\\nTHE FRENCH VILLAGE.\\nThe presence of French settlers at St. Ignace, is first men-\\ntioned at the occasion of Father Marquette s burial. Accord-\\ning to the report of the following year (1678), the singing at\\nthe church of St. Ignatius was alternately in Latin, Huron and\\nFrench. The fur and corn trade kept pace witli the increase\\nof the Indian population. LaSalle s arrival on the Griffon\\n(1679), caused quite a stir in the commercial metropolis of", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT MICHILIMAKINAC. 19\\nthe West, for nothing less than that the village of St. Ignace\\nwas, and remained, until sujDplanted by Detroit. Hennepin,\\nwho wintered at the post (16S0-1), mentions his enrolling\\nforty-two traders into a religions confraternity. Lallontan\\nlocates the houses of the French settlers in two or three rows\\nalong the bend of the shore, south of the Jesuits residence.\\nAs a matter of course, the whole French j^opulation, with the\\nexception of a few lawless coiireurs de hois, disappeared\\nwith the removal of the Indians to Detroit.\\nT?", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "20 ANNALS OF h OKT MACiONAO.\\nHISTORICAL EVENTS,\\nCHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.\\n1534. James Cartier, a Frenchman, discovered the St-\\nLawrence River.\\n1608. Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec.\\n1634. John Nicolet passes the straits on his way to and\\nfrom Green Bay.\\n1642. The city of Montreal founded.\\n1650-51. The Indian settlers of the neighborhood to-\\ngether with large numbers from Manitoulin, Thunder Bay\\nand Saginaw, mostly Otawas, intimidated by Iroquois prowess\\nretire to Green Bay.\\n1653. Eight hundred Iroquois warriors pass the strait.\\nFailing to take the Huron fort on Green Bay after a pro-\\ntracted siege, they break up, one division marching south, the\\nother sailing northward. The former are cut down by th\\nIllinois, the latter routed by the Ojibwa, Missisaki and Nigik\\n(Otter) Indians, on Lake Huron.\\n1654. Two French traders pass St. Ignace, on their way\\nto Green Bay, they return in 1656 with a large trading party\\n60 canoes) of Hurons and Otawas.\\n1665, or earlier. Nicolas Perrot passes on his first visit tO\\nthe Pottawatomi, on Green Bay.\\n1669. November 11th, Father AUouez passed Point St.\\nIgnace, on his journey from Sault Ste. Marie to Green Bay\\nhe relates the following Indian tradition\\nThey say that this island is the native country of one of their gods, called\\nThe Great Hare, who created the earth, and that it was on this\\nisland that he invented the nets for taking fish, after having attentively^", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 21\\nconsidered a spider while constructing its web for catching flies. They\\nbelieve that Lake Superior is a pond made by the beavers, the banks of\\nwhich were double the first, at the place which we call the Sault, the\\nsecond, five leagues lower down. In coming up the river, they say, this\\nsame god first encountered tlie second embankment, which he tore entirely\\naway and for this reason there are no falls or turbulent waters at these\\nrapids as for the first, being in a hurry, he only walked over it and\\ntrampled it to pieces, in consequence of which there still remain large\\nfalls and boiling waters.\\nThis god, they add, while pursuing a beaver in the upper lake, crossed\\nat a single step, a bay eight leagues in width. In view of so powerful an\\nenemy, the beavers thought it best to change tiieir place and consequently\\nwithdrew to another lake; from thence they afterward, by aid of the rivers\\nthat flow from it, arrived at the North Sea, intending to pass over to\\nFrance; but finding the water bitter (salt), they lost heart, changed their\\nintentions, and spread themselves among the rivers and lakes of this\\ncountry.\\nThis is the reason why there are no beavers in France, and why the\\nFrench have to come here in search of them,\\n1670-71. Father Dablon, or another Jesuit (possibly\\nMarquette), winters at Michilimackinac, laying the founda-\\ntion of the Mission of St. Ignatius.\\n1671. End of June, or later. The Tionontate Hurons,\\nwith Father Marquette, arrive from Shagawamigong (Ash-\\nland Bay, L. S.)\\nAutumn. The Otawas of Manitoulin, on the war-path\\nagainst the Sioux, arrive with a large supply of arms\\nand ammunition lately obtained in Montreal. Joined by\\nthe Hurons of the new settlement, and on Green Bay\\nby the Pottawatomies, Sacs and Foxes, they march through\\nnorthern Wisconsin a well-armed body of a thousand war-\\nriors and confidently attack the Sioux in the St. Croix\\nYalley. Utterly defeated, they retreat through the snow-\\ncovered woods, amidst sufferings and privations that lead to\\nacts of cannibalism. The heavy loss sustained by the\\nHurons, who bravely covered the rear, accounts for the\\ndiminished numbers of the tribe, as stated by Marquette.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "22 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\n1672. The Huroiis build their fortified village on East\\nMoran Bay. December 8th, Joliet arrives and winters at\\nSt. Ignace.\\n1673. May 17th, Joliet and Marquette, with five other\\nFrenchmen, start on their voyage of discovery.\\n1673 or 74. A large body of Otawas and other Algon-\\nquins, principally Kishkakos, coming from Manitoulin and\\nthe opposite shore settle near Rabbit s Back. Father Henry\\nNouvel, Superior of the Otawa Missions, takes charge of\\nthem. Father Philip Pierson becomes pastor of the Hurons.\\n1674-75. The second and permanent church of St. Igna-\\ntius and the Jesuits residence are built at the side of the\\nHuron village.\\n1675. November 8th, Father Nouvel, with two French\\ncompanions, starts on a journey to Saginaw Bay and the\\ninterior of Lower Michigan. He arrives near the head\\nwaters of Chippewa Piver, December 7th, builds a chapel\\n(the first on the Lower Peninsula), and winters with the\\nhunters of the Amik (Beaver) Clan.\\n1676. or thereabouts. Another large body of Otawas\\narrive and settle near Gros Cap, on Lake Michigan.\\n1677. June 7th, The Kishkako Indians, accompanied by\\na number of Iroquois, bring Father Marquette s remains to\\nSt. Ignace, where they are interred, on the following day,\\nwithin the Jesuits chapel.\\nOctober. Father Enjalran arrives to assist Father Nouvel\\nin the Otawa Mission.\\n1677-78. Fatlier Nouvel builds the chapel of St. Francis\\nBorgia in the woods, between Rabbit s Back and Gros Cap.\\nHimself and Father Enjalran winter there. The French\\nand Indian trade begins to assume larger proportions.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 23\\nLASALLE, HENNEPm AIs^D HENRY DE TOIS^TY\\nARRIVE AT MICHILIMACKINAC, ON\\nTHE GRIFEOK\\n1679. LaSalle, on his first expedition to Illinois, arrives\\nand spends some days at the settlement.\\nThe most remarkable character among the explorers\\nof the Mississippi Yalley, in the latter half of the seven-\\nteenth century, was Robert Cavelier de LaSalle. Viewed\\nin the light and sense of worldly enterprise, he is to be con-\\nsidered as surpassing all others in lofty and comprehensive\\naims, in determined energy and unyielding courage, both\\nmoral and physical. He faltered at no laborious undertak-\\ning; no distrust by nerveless friends, no jealous envy or\\nschemes of active enemies, no misfortune damped the ardor\\nof his plans and movements. If there was a mountain in\\nhis track, he could scale it if a lion beset his path, he could\\ncrush it. Nothing but the hand of the lurking assassin\\ncould quench the fire of that brave heart. We may briefly\\nsay, that LaSalle was born in tlie city of Rouen, France,\\nNovember 22, 1643. The name LaSalle was borrowed from\\nan estate, in the neighborhood of Rouen, belonging to his\\nfamily, the Caveliers. Robert was educated at one of the\\nJesuit seminaries, and as one of that order he continued a\\nshort time; but in 1666, he came to America, and it is said\\nthat he made early exploration to the Ohio, and was possibly\\nnear the Mississippi before Joliet and Marquette s voyage\\nhither. We can here only allude to a few items and facts in\\nLaSalle s career. It was a marked incident, and so appears\\non the historic page, when LaSalle, in 1679, voyaged to\\nGreen Bay on the Griffon, the first sail vessel of the lakes\\nabove the Falls, and which he had built on the bank of", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "24 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nCayuga Creek, a tributary of the IS iagara. But that busi-\\nness trip was a mere pleasure excursion wlien compared with\\nthe efforts required of hini to engineer and bring about cer-\\ntain indispensable preparations, involving ways and means,\\nbefore the keel of that renowned craft should be laid, and\\nbefore she spread her wings to the breeze and departed out-\\nward from Buffalo Harbor of the future. And what an\\nunhesitating morning-walk was that of his, in 1680, when\\nlie set out on foot from the Fort which (not him) they termed\\nBr oken Heai t^ where Peoria now is, to go, some twelve\\nhundred miles perhaps, to Fort Frontenac, where Kingston\\nnow is, at the lower end of Lake Ontario. His unyield-\\ning purpose was not to be delayed, but accelerated, by\\nthe avalanche of misfortune which had fallen on him.\\nHe could not wait for railroads, nor turnpikes, nor civil-\\nization he could not even wait for a canoe navigation,\\nfor it was early spring in the month of March when\\nthe ice still lingered by the lake shores, and was running\\nthickly in the streams. So, with one Indian and four\\nwhite men, with a small supply of edibles, yet Vv itli a\\nlarge stock of resolution, he took his way. The journey\\nwas accomplished, and he was back on Lake Michigan\\nin the autunm ensuing. It has been suggested that his\\nown enduring, iron nature, as it might be called unbending\\nas it was in its requirements of others served, perhaps, to\\ncreate enmities and to occasion the iinal catastrophe. It\\nmay have been so but whatever view may be taken, the\\ndoings of LaSalle must be called wonderful, his misfortunes\\nnumberless, and his death sad. The day on which LaSalle\\nwas killed is said to have been March 19, 1687.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 25\\nHENRY DE TONTY.\\nThere is much of i-oiiuintic interest in tlie life of Henry\\nde Tonty wliicli will ever attract attention to the story of\\nhis experience in the wilds of America. He was born in\\nNaples, Italy, in or near the year 1650. In a memoir, said\\nto be written by him in 1693, he says After liaving been\\neight years in the French service, by land and l)y sea, and\\nhaving had a hand shot off in Sicily by a grenade, I resolved\\nto return to France to solicit employment. It was at the\\ntime when LaSalle had returned from America, and was\\ngetting recruits and means for his Western enterprise. The\\nprime minister of Louis XIY., he that was called the great\\nColbert, knowing the soldier Tonty well, specially provided\\nthat the important project to be undertaken by LaSalle should\\nhave the benefit of the personal aid of Tonty, who, though\\nmaimed and single-handed, was yet ready to go forth to dare\\nand to do. Tonty says We sailed from Eochelle on the\\n14th of July, 1678, and arrived at Quebec on the 15th of\\nSeptember following. We can not, of course, attempt to\\nfollow the brave and capable lieutenant of LaSalle in his\\nvarious movements, even if we had a knowledge of them\\nyet we may say, that if a trustful agent or manager was\\nneeded for any adventure by LaSalle, Tonty was the man to\\ntill the requirement. If a fort was wanted, he was the\\narchitect and overseer to construct it if a peaceable envoy to\\nthe Indians was required, he was the gifted embassador if a\\ntribe needed chastisement in battle, he was the able captain\\nof the forces. We need not cite examples. Tonty was pro-\\nvided with some sort of a metallic arrangement as a substi-\\ntute for the loss of part of an arm; and he was known, it is\\nsaid, far and near, among the tribes of red men, as Le Bras", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "20\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nde Fer, or, The man imth the iron arm. If we rightly\\nremember, more than one tale has been constructed by novel-\\nwriters, with its scenes laid in the Far West, presenting Tonty\\nas the principal character. In long time past, an island at\\nthe lower end of Lake Ontario was known as, and called, the\\nhie of Tonty., being named after our hero the man with\\nthe iron arm; but the name was afterward changed to that\\nof Amherst. Whatever the deserts of the titled General\\nJeffrey Amherst may have been, Henry de Tonty was the\\ngreater man of the two. Tonty died at Fort St, Louis, on\\nMobile Bay, in the year 1704.\\nLOUIS HENNEPIN.\\nLouis Hennepin, a Recollect of the order of St. Francis,\\nwas born at Ath, France, in 1645. He sailed for Canada\\nin 1675, on the Saint Honore. LaSalle was, also a pas-\\nsenger on the same vessel.\\nHennepin left Quebec in 1678, and set out with LaSalle to\\nexplore the country lyin.g south and west of Lake Michigan.\\nOn Cayuga Creek, a tributary of the Niagara Tliver, into\\nwhich it empties from the American side, five miles above\\nthe Falls, LaSalle built the Griffon, upon which they\\nembarked, setting sail August 7th, arriving atMichilimackinac\\nAugust 27th, 1679.\\nFrom his minute description of the bay, the shore, etc., the\\nRev. Edward Jacker says The Bay where the Griffon\\nanchored is that which is overlooked by two steep and rocky\\nl)luft s famoui* in Indian tradition, and called by the Indians\\nHe and She Rabbit. The former is known as Rab-\\nbit s Back. The Kiskakon Otawas were there in 1677.\\n1679. They arrived at Green Bay September 22d, and\\nfrom there LaSalle sent the Griffon back, and it is sup-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "HISTOEICAL EVENTS,\\n27\\nHon. P. W. HOMBACH,\\nFirst Postmaster of the City of St. Ignace, IVIich.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "28 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nposed to have been wrecked off the entrance to Green Bay,\\nas a severe storm arose, and it did not reach Michihnackinac.\\nAfter various mishaps Hennepin reached the Mississippi,\\nwhich he ascended to the Falls of St. Anthony, in the sprin^^\\nof 1680.\\n1680. Dulnth and Hennepin arrive from the Upper Mis-\\nsissippi, by way of Green Bay. They winter at St. Ignace.\\n1681. LaSalle passes St. Ignace on his second journey to\\nIllinois. M. De Villeraye is appointed commandant by\\nFrontenac abont this time.\\n1683. The fur ti-ade declines in consequence of the\\ndanger of transportation, occasioned by Iroquois hostility.\\nHence distress among the traders, and dissatisfaction among\\nthe Indians.\\n1684. Mons. De La Durantaye in command at Michili-\\nmackinac. The French and Indian forces commanded by\\nDe La Durantaye, with Duluth as lieutenant, and Perrot as\\nmanager of the Otawas, set out to join in De La Barre s\\ninglorious expedition ngainst the Iroquois.\\nThe Indian estimation of French power and valor is on the\\nwane. During De La Durantaye s absence, M. De La Yal-\\ntrie acts as commandant.\\n1685. All the French in the Upper Lake region are placed\\nunder the authority of the commandant of Michilimackinac\\n(M. De La Durantaye), This measure remaining in force\\nuntil the abandonment of the post. Michilimackiiuic, already\\nthe commercial emporium of the Northwest, becomes also its\\nmilitary centre.\\nNicolas Perrot arrives with orders from the governor, pro-\\nhibiting the Otawas to march against the Foxes on Green\\nBay. He succeeds in restoring peace between the two tribes\\nthrough the intermediation of an Ojibwa chief, whose daugh-\\nter (a captive among the Foxes) he saves from the stake and\\nrestores to her father.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 29\\n16S6, Dissatisfaction among the Indians. Most of the\\nclans are leaning towards the Iroquois and the English, as the\\nstronger party and better able to supply their wants. The\\nEnglish endeavor to bring about a rupture by forwarding\\nsupplies and liquor to Michilimackinac.\\n16ST. De La Durantaye sets out with the French force to\\ntake part in Denonville s expedition against the Senecas. He\\narrests, in the neighborhood of the settlement, thirty English\\ntraders, and as many more on Lake Erie. The timely arrival\\nof Perrot with tlie Green Bay Indians obviates the necessity\\nof the commandant returning with the prisoners, too numer-\\nous for his safety, in a hostile neighborhood. He proceeds\\nto Niagara, where the Otawas and Hurons, marching over-\\nland from Lake Huron, join him they take part in a victori-\\nous attack on 800 Iroquois (July). The capture of those\\nEnglish parties probably prevented the massacre of the\\nFrench in Michilimackinac, by the Hurons and Otawas.\\n1688. May. LaHontan arrives with a small force (from\\na fort near the outlet of Lake Huron), and spends a month in\\nthe settlement. He obtains with difficulty a supply of corn.\\nThe Otawas, distrusting the Hurons, fortify themselves on\\nthe Bluff, north of East Moran Bay. Joutel, Cavelier, and\\nother survivors of LaSalle s expedition to Texas (having\\nwintered on Green Bay) pass the settlement on their way to\\nQuebec and France. Kondiaronk, or Le Rat, the great\\nHuron chief, departs at the head of one hundred men against\\nthe Iroquois, but plots with them the destruction of the Ota-\\nwas by stratagem. The plot proves abortive, in consequience\\nof Perrot and the missionaries gaining knowledge of it\\nLe Rat confesses his guilt. Perrot, retu-rning from the Mis-\\nsissippi with three female Ojibwa prisoners delivered to him\\nby the Foxes, snatches five Iroquois warriors from the stake,\\nto which they were condemned by the Otawas, in spite of the\\ncommandant s and the missionaries remonstrances.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "30 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1689-90. The Otawas, at the instigation of the Hnrons,\\nresume their project of effecting a reconciliation with the\\nIroquois. They send back to the Senecas the prisoners taken\\nfrom them, and make arrangements for a meeting in the fol-\\nlowing year. Fatlier De Carheil, being informed of theii-\\nplan, warns the governor by a messenger sent in the Munter.\\nFrontenac prepares a large convoy to reinforce Michilimack-\\ninac.\\n1690. Spring. The Otawas take steps towards an alli-\\nasice with the Iroquois, and as a token of good will medi-\\ntate the massacre of the French traders.\\nEnd of June or beginning of July. The post is saved by\\nthe arrival of M. De La Porte Louvigny (who relieved Du-\\nrantaye as commandant), with Perrot, and with an Ii oqnois\\nprisoner, the evidence of a victory gained on the Otawa\\nRiver over a waylaying party (June 2d). The prisoner is\\ngiven, for execution, to the vacillating Hurons, who, dreading\\na final breach with the Iroquois, are disposed to spare him\\nbut yielding to the commandant s peremptory order, brain\\nhim after a short torture.\\nPerrot, boldly haranguing the chiefs, assembled at the\\nJesuits residence, reproaches them with their treachery, and\\nendeavors to show them the folly of doubting the power\\nof the French. They promise to amend.\\n1691. De Courtemanche and De Repentigny arrive with\\nthe news of the French victory over the English fleet before\\nQuebec.\\n1692. Otawa and Huron warriors co-operate in driving\\nthe Iroquois from the St. Lawrence, and in the invasion of\\ntheir territory by detached parties.\\nAugust. Two hundred Otawas from Michilimackinac\\narrive at Montreal in quest of munition.\\n1693. A great amount of fur is waiting transportation\\non account of the Iroquois infesting the Otawa, the Indians", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n31\\nSouth Sally-Port.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "32 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nM ill not venture the jonrney without a sufficient escort.\\nFrontenac being informed, despatches the Sieur d Argenteuil\\nM-ith orders for the commandant to send all the French li\\ncan spare down with the convoy.\\nAugust -ith. Two hundred canoes from Michilimackinac^\\nfreighted with 80,000 francs worth of beaver, arrive at.\\nMontreal, together with the principal chiefs of the western\\ntribes. A great council is held, and the Indians return\\nciiarmed with the governor s manner, and laden with\\npresents.\\n1691. July. De Louvigny leaves for the colon} with a.\\ngreat convoy of furs.\\nThe Hurons contemplating a removal, are again suspected\\nof treacherous intentions. Opposed in their purpose by th\\ncommandant and the Otawas, one half of the tribe consent\\nto stay; the other half go to live with the Miamis on the-\\nSt. Joseph River. (M. Tilly De Courtemauche commandant\\nthere, since 1693.)\\nDe La Porte Louvigny is superseded by De La Motte\\nCadillac, the last commandant of Ancient Michilimackinac.\\n(Louvigny becomes afterwards [1712] iirst commandant of\\n]S^ew Michilimackinac, commonly called Old Mackinac\\n1695. Cadillac advises the governor of the necessity of a.\\ngrand expedition against the Iroquois in order to prevent\\nthe defectian of the western tribes. Fi-ontenac contents,\\nliimself with harassing the enemy, in which he is aided by\\nMichilimackinac Indians, who return with a great number\\nof prisoners.\\nAt a great meeting of western chiefs in Montreal, Fron-\\ntenac emphatically gives them to understand tliat they must\\nlook u])on every French officer, residing among them, as sub-\\nject to tlie orders of the one in command at Michilimackinac.\\nThe orticers in command at the several posts, at that\\nperiod, are: Tilly De Courtemanche, D Ailleboust De Mantet,.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS. 33\\nD Aillebonst D Argenteuil, De Lisle, Vincennes, La De-\\nCouverte, and Perrot.\\nLe Baron, a Huron chief, concludes a treaty with the\\nIroquois. Cadillac with difficulty succeeds in suspending\\nits execution. An Indian deputation goes to Montreal to\\ninsist (as advised by the commandant) on a reduction in the\\nprices of goods. Frontenac partly satisfies them.\\nThe French court unable to cope with the evils springing\\nfrom the system of trading licenses, ineffectually orders the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0evacuation of the post and the return into the colon} of all\\nsoldiers and traders {poiireurs de hois\\\\ in the West.\\n1696. The Hurons and some Otawas are already hunting\\nwith the Iroquois.\\nCadilla\u00c2\u00ab dispatches a war party, consisting chiefly of\\nPottawatomies and Algonquins. The Iroquois, though warned\\nby the Hurons, lose thirty scalps, and thirty-two prisoners,\\nwho are brought to Michilimackinac. Some Hurons found\\namong them are restored to their tribe.\\nIn consequence of the Hurons machinations, but few\\nMichilimackinac Indians take part in the campaign against\\nthe Onondago and Oneida.\\nD Argenteuil starts with 50 Frenchmen, but arrives too\\nlate.\\nLe Baron, with thirty Huron families, goes to settle near\\nAlbany. Kondiaronk, now permanently gained over to the\\nFrench cause by Father de Carheil, prevents the rest of the\\ntribe from following them.\\n1697. Fruntenac, in reply to the king s order (of 1695,\\nreceived late in 1696), insists on the posts of Michilimacki-\\nnac and St. Joseph being retained, with a garrison sufficient\\nto keep off English traders (twelve or fifteen soldiers with\\nan officer), and on twenty -five canoe loads of goods being\\nannually sent to each place. His advice prevails in the king s\\ncouncil.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "34 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nliumors of an impending war with England arriving^\\nCadillac starts with a great number of Frenchmen, and three\\nhundred Sacs, Pottawatomies, Otawas and Hurons. They\\narrive in Montreal towards the end of August.\\n1700, September 8tli. Kondiaronk and a deputy of the\\nfour Otawa clans sign a provisional treaty of peace with the\\nIroquois, at Montreal.\\nDe Courtemanche and Father Enjalran go to visit the\\nother western tribes and persuade them to accede to the\\ntreaty.\\n1701. Otawa hunters fight a party of Iroquois who tres-\\npass on their grounds, and bring the chief to Michilimacki-\\nnac as a prisoner.\\nDe Courtemanche a!Kl Father Enjalran, greatly aided by\\nKondiaronk, bring their negotiations with tlie tribes to a suc-\\ncessful issue. Father Enjalran leaves Michilimackinac in\\nJune, with two liberated Iroquois prisoners. Courtemanche\\nstarts after the arrival of the Indian delegates, with a fleet\\nof 144 canoes.\\nSieur De La Motte Cadillac founded the present city of\\nDetroit, building Fort Pontchartrain, near the present Jeffer-\\nson avenue, Shelby and Woodbridge streets.\\nAt the great meeting convened at Montreal, August 1st,\\nfor the conclusion of peace between the Iroquois, and the\\nFrench and their allies (Illinois, Miamis, Kickapoos, Foxes,\\nWiimebagos, Pottawatomies, Menomonees, Otawas, Ojib-\\nwas, Ilurons, Algonquins, Abenakis and others, being repre-\\nsented), Kondiaronk, almost in a dying state, makes a last\\nspeech of great effect. Me dies the following night, and is\\nburied, with great demonstrations of respect, in the principal\\nchurch of Montreal.\\nAugust 4th. At the last general assembly (1,300 Indians\\nbeing present), the treaty is signed by thirty-eight deputies.\\nThe Otawas of Michilimackinac ask for Father Enjalran", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n36\\nREV. FATHER ED^WARD JACKER,\\nDiscoverer of Marquette s Grave.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "36 ANNALS or FORT MACKINAC.\\nand Nicolas Perrot, and insist on the pruiiibition of the\\nliquor trade in their country.\\n1702-3. The Hurons and a part of the Otawas, upon\\nCadillac s pressing invitation, remove to Detroit.\\n1705. The remaining Otawas having broken the peace,\\nDeLouvigny comes to bring them to reason. He returns to\\nthe colony with Iroquois prisoners given up to him by the\\nOtawas. DeVincennes follows with the chiefs. They apolo-\\ngize to the Iroquois, and peace is restored.\\nNot a single Christian Indian remaining the Otawas,\\nsince the departure of the Hurons proving unmanageable,\\nand the licentiousness of the bush-lopers {coureurs de hois)\\nexceeding all bounds, the missionaries (De Carheil, Marest,\\nand perhaps Enjalran) burn the church and house, and leave\\nfor Quebec. Governor General de Vaudreuil sends orders\\nto all the French at Michilimackinac to come down to the\\ncolony.\\n1712. Governor General de Vaudreuil sent De Louvigny\\nto re-establish Fort Michilimackinac, which he did, but on\\nthe south shore.\\n1721. Peter Francis Xavier Charlevoix at Michilimack-\\ninac.\\n1728. Sieur Marchand De Lignery s expedition at Mich-\\nilimackinac.\\n1730. Sieur De Buisson in command at Michilimackinac.\\n1761. As a consequence of the surrender of Quebec, on\\nthe 18th of September, 1759, the French-Canadian posts\\nwere given up to the British, but the latter did not arrive at\\nMichilimackinac until September 2Sth, 1761, when Captain\\nBelfour, of the 80th Regiment, arrived from Detroit with a\\ndetachment of the 60th and 80th Regiments. Leaving\\nLieutenant Leslie, of the Royal American or 60th Regiment,\\nwith one sergeant, one corporal, one drummer, and twenty-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 37\\nfive privates of the same regiment, Captain Belfonr and his\\nparty, on October 1st, proceeded to Green Bay, Wis.\\nAlthough the British occupied and controlled Canada, it\\nwas not formally ceded to Great Britain until 1763.\\nThe preliminaries of peace were signed at Fontainebleau,\\nNovember 3d, 1762, between the courts of France, Spain\\nand Great Britain. By the definitive treaty signed at Paris,\\nFebruary 10th, 1763, l)y these three great powers together\\nwith Portugal, Canada was ceded to Great Britain, and\\nLouisiana to Spain in exchange for Florida, and the Bay of\\nPensacola, which Spain gave up to Great Britain to recover\\nCuba.\\nLouisiana was retroceded to France by the treaty of St.\\nIdelfonso, October 1st, 1800, and purchased from France by\\nthe United States in 1803.\\nCONSPIRACY OF PONTIAC.\\n1763. Under this conspiracy eleven posts were attacked,\\nand eight captured.\\nJune 2d. Fort Michilimackinac was captured. The gar-\\nrison consisted of Captain Etherington, Lieutenants Jamet and\\nLeslie, and about thirty-five men. A band of Chippewns,\\nwhile playing a game of ball just outside of the Fort, knocked\\nthe ball, as if by accident, so that it fell inside the stockade\\nthe players rushed after it, and seizing their weapons from\\nsquaws, who had them concealed under their blankets, and\\nhad previously entered the Fort as a part of the plot, they\\nraised the war-whoop and fell upon the garrison. Lieutenant\\nJamet and fifteen men were killed. Captain Etherington and\\nLieutenant Leslie, who were watching the game of ball, and\\nthe rest of the garrison were taken prisoners they were after-\\nwards ransomed by Lieutenant Gorelland his command from\\nthe Fort at Green Bay.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "38 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1780. July 15th. The British abandon the Fort at Old\\nMackinac and transfer the garrison to Mackinac Island,\\nwhere they build the present Fort Mackinac. The history\\nof Modern Mackinac properly begins at this date.\\n1783. By tlie definitive treaty of peace between Great\\nBritain and the United States, made and signed at Paris, Sep-\\ntember 3d, 1783, by David Hartley on the part of Great\\nBritain, and by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John\\nJay on the part of the United States, the post of Michili-\\nmackinac fell within the boundary of the United States, but\\nunder various pretenses the English refused to withdraw their\\ntroops, and occupied it with other lake posts.\\n1791. By the second article of the treaty of amity, corii-\\nmerce and navigation, between Great Britain and the United\\nStates, concluded at London, England, November, 19th, 1794,\\nand signed by Baron Grenville, on the part of Great Britain,\\nand by Hon. John Jay, on the part of the United States\\n(ratifications exchanged October 2Sth, 1795, and proclaimed\\nFebruary 29th, 1796), it was stipulated that from all posts\\nwithin the boundary lines assigned, b}^ the treaty of peace to\\nthe United States, the British troops should be withdrawn on\\nor before June 1st, 1796.\\n1795. By stipulation 13, article 3, of a treaty of peace\\nbetween the United States and the tribes of Indians called\\nthe Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Otawas, Chippewas,\\nPottawatomies, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Pinke-\\nshaws and Kaskaskias, made at Greenville, Ohio, on the 3d\\nof August, 1795, and signed by General Anthony Wayne, on\\nthe part of the United States, and by the Sachems and War-\\nchiefs of the said tribes, the Indians ceded to the United\\nStates the post of Michilimackinac, and all the land on the\\nisland on which that post stands, and the main land adjacent,\\non which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or\\ngrants, to the French or English Governments and a piece", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "HISTOKIUAL EVENTS.\\n39\\nView from Steps of P. E. Church.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "40 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nof land on the main to the north of the island, to measure\\nsix miles, on Lake Huron, or the strait between Lakes Huron\\nand Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water\\nof the lake or strait and also, the island Bois Blanc, the\\nlatter being an extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa\\nnation.\\n1796. October. Two companies of United States troops,\\nunder the command of Major Henry Burbeck, with Captain\\nAbner Prior and Lieutenants Ebenezer Massay and John\\nMichael, arrived and took possession of the post of Michili-\\nmackinac.\\n1802. In the year 1800 the Connecticut Missionary So-\\nciety sent Eev. David Bacon (father of the late Rev. Dr.\\nLeonard Bacon, of New Haven, who was born in Detroit in\\n1802) as a missionary to our frontier; he arrived at Detroit\\nAugust 11th, 1800, where he was entertained at the house of\\nthe commandant. Major Thomas Hunt, U. S. A.\\nMr. Bacon left Detroit, with his family, and came to\\nMackinac in June, 1802, where he remained, teaching and\\npreaching until August, 180-1:, when he was recalled.\\nRev. David Bacon was the Jirst Protestant who preached\\nat Mackinac.\\n1812. June 18th, war with Great Britain was declared by\\nthe Congress of the United States by a vote of 79 to 40 in\\ntlie House, and 19 to 13 in the Senate. June 19th, war was\\nformally proclaimed by President Madison.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n41\\nMAJ. WM. WHISTLER, U. S. A.\\nCommanding Fort Mackinac, 1833.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "42 ANNALS OF FoRT MACKINAC.\\nSURRENDER OF FORT MICHILIMACKINAC.\\nDetroit, August 4tli, 1812.\\nSir I take the earliest opportunity to acquaint Your Excellency of\\nthe surrender of the garrison of Michiliraackinac, under my command, to\\nhis Britannic Majesty s forces under the command of Captain Charles\\nRoberts, on the 17th ultimo, the particulars of which are as follows: On\\nthe 16th, I was informed by the Indian Interpreter that he had discovered\\nfrom an Indian that the several nations of Indians then at St. Jqseph (a\\nBritish garrison, distant about forty miles) intended to make an imme-\\ndiate attack on Michilimackinac.\\nI wasinolined, from the coolness I had discovered in some of the prin-\\ncipal chiefs of the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, who had but a few days\\nbefore professed the greatest friendship for the United States, to place\\nconfidence in this report.\\nI immediately called a meeting of the American gentlemen at that time\\non the island, in which it was thought proper to dispatch a confidential\\nperson to St. Joseph to watch the motions of the Indians.\\nCaptain Michael Dousman, of the militia, was thought the most suitable\\nfor this service. He embarked about sunset, and met the British forces\\nwithin ten or fifteen miles of the island, by whom he was made prisoner\\nand put on his parole of honor. He was landed on the island at day-\\nbreak, with positive directions to give me no intelligence whatever. He\\nwas also instructed to take the inhabitants of the village, indiscriminately,\\nto a place on the west side of the island where their persons and property\\nshould be protected by a British guard, but should they goto the Fort,\\nthey would be subject to a general massacre by the savages, which would\\nbe inevitable if the garrison fired a gun. This information I received\\nfrom Doctor Day, who was passing through the village when every person\\nwas flying for refuge to the enemy. I immediately, on being informed\\nof the approach of the enemy, placed ammunition, etc., in the Block\\nhouses; ordered every gun charged, and made every preparation for\\naction. About 9 o clock I could discover that the enemy were in posses-\\nsion of the heights that commanded the Fort, and one piece of their artil-\\nlery directed to the most defenceless part of the garrison. The Indians\\nat this time were to be seen in great numbers in the edge of the woods.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS. 43\\nAt half-past 11 o clock the enemy sent in a flag of truce, demanding a sur-\\nrender of the Fort and island to his Britannic Majesty s forces. This, Sir,\\nwas the first information I had of the declaration of war; I, however, had\\nanticipated it, and was as well prepared to meet such an event as I pos-\\nsibly could have been with the force under my command, amounting\\nto 57 effective men, including officers. Three American gentlemen, who\\nwere prisoners, were permitted to accompany the flag: from them I ascer-\\ntained the strength of the enemy to be from nine hundred to one thousand\\nstrong, consisting of regular troops, Canadians and savages; that they\\nliad two pieces of artillery, and were provided with ladders and ropes for\\nthe purpose of scaling the works, if necessary. After I had obtained this\\ninformation, I consulted my officers, and also the American gentlemen\\npresent, who were very intelligent men; the result of which was, that it\\nwas impossible for tlie garrison to hold out against such a superior force.\\nIn this opinion I fully concurred, from the conviction that it was the only\\nmeasure that could prevent a general massacre. The Fort and garrison\\nwere accordingly surrendered.\\nThe enclosed papers exhibit copies of the correspondence l)etween the\\nofficer commanding the British forces and myself, and of the articles of\\ncapitulation. This subject involved questions of a peculiar nature; and\\nI hope. Sir, that my demands and protests will meet the approbation of\\nmy government. I cannot allow this opportunity to escape without ex-\\npressing my obligation to Doctor Sylvester Day, for the service he ren-\\ndered me in conducting this correspondence.\\nIn consequence of this unfortunate affaii;, I beg leave, Sir, to demand\\nthat a Court of Inquiry may be ordered to investigate all the facts con-\\nnected with it and I do further request, that the court may be specially\\ndirected to express their opinion on the merits of the case.\\nI have the honour to be. Sir, etc..\\nHis Excellency General Hull,\\nCommanding the N. W. Army.\\nPORTER HANKS,\\nLieutenant of Artillery.\\nP. S. The following particulars relating to the British force were ob-\\ntained after the capitulation, from a source that admits of no doubt:", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "44 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nRegular troops 46 iucluding 4 officers.\\nCauadiau militia 260\\nTotal 306\\nSavages,\\nSioux 56\\nWinnebagoes 48\\nMenomouees 39\\nChippewas and Ottawas 573\\n715 Savages.\\n306 Wliites.\\nTotal 1021\\nIt may also be remarked, that oue hundred and fifty Chippewas and\\nOttawas joined the British two days after the capitulation.\\nP. H.\\nMiCHiLiJiACKiNAC, Micli., July 17th, 1812.\\nCAPITULATION\\nAgreed upon beticeen Captain Charles Roberts, commanding Ms Britannic\\nMajesty s forces, on tlie one part, and Lieutenant Porter Hanks,\\ncommanding the forces of the United States, on the other.\\nARTICLES.\\nI. The Foi t of Michilimackinac shall immediately be surrendered to the\\nBritish forces. Granted.\\nII. The garrison shall march out with the honours of war, lay down\\ntheir arms, and become prisoners of war, and shall be sent to the United\\nStates of America by his Britannic Majesty. Not to serve in this war until\\nregularly exchanged; and for the due performance of this article the offi-\\ncers pledge their word of honour. Granted.\\nIII. All the merchant vessels in the harbsur, with their cargoes, shall\\nbe in the possession of their respective owners. Granted.\\nIV. Private property shall be held sacred. Granted.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 45\\nV. All citizens of the United States of America who shall not take the\\noath of allegiance to his Britannic Majesty, shall depart with their prop-\\nerty from the island in one month from the date hereof. Granted.\\n(Signed) CHARLES ROBERTS,\\nCommanding H. B. Majesty s forces.\\nPORTER HANKS,\\nComma nJin^i the forces of the\\nUnited States of America.\\nNotes. Dr. Sylvester Day, IT. S. A., was the Surgeon at\\nthe Fort. He and his family resided at the time in a house\\nbelonging to the late Samuel Abbott, which stood on a lot now\\nowned and cultivated as a garden by Mr. Patrick Donnellj\\non the east side of and adjoining his residence on Astor\\nstreet. Mr. Michael Dousman went to the house and told\\nthe inmates of the presence of the Bi itish on the island.\\nDr. Day immediately arose, and taking his family (one of\\nwhom, his son, is now General Hannibal Day, U. S. A.),\\nwent to the Fort and warned the garrison of the approach of\\nthe foe.\\nHis Majesty s forces were under the command of Captain\\nCharles Roberts, of the Tenth Royal Yeteran Battalion^ and\\nconsisted of forty regulars of the same regiment, with two\\nsix-pounders, which were embarked at St. Joseph on board\\nthe N. W. Co. s ship, Caledonia two hundred and sixty\\nCanadians, with their employes, and four hundred Indians,\\nwith ten batteaux and seventy canoes.\\nTlie American troops numbered sixty-three persons, in-\\ncluding five sick men and one drummer boy.\\nThere were nine vessels in the hai bor, having on board\\nforty-seven men. After the capitulation two other vessels\\narrived, with seven liundred packs of furs.\\nThe prisoners were sent to Detroit, arriving there August\\n4th, thence to Fort Fayette, where Pittsburg, Pa., now", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "46 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC,\\nStands, wliere a roll shows them to have been mustered on\\nthe 17th day of November, 1812.\\nLieutenant Hanks was killed August 16, while still on\\nparole, by a shot fired from the Canadian side, while he was\\nstanding in the gateway of the fort at Detroit.\\nThe citizens sought refuge in an old distillery, which was\\nsituated under the bluft near the old Indian bui-ying ground,\\nwest of the village. The British sent a guard there imme-\\ndiately after landing.\\nThe three American gentlemen (prisoners) referred to by\\nLieutenant Hanks, went from the distillery to Captain Rob-\\nerts command. They were Samuel Abbott, John Dousman\\nand Ambrose Davenport, all prominent citizens of the\\nvillage, and well calculated to comprehend the true state of\\naffairs.\\nFort Holmes was built while the British held possession of\\nthe island, in 1812 and 1814. The inhabitants of the village\\nwere all forced to contribute labor.\\nIt was called by the British Fort George, in honor of the\\nBritish king afterward rechristened by the Americans in\\nhonor of Major Andrew Hunter Holmes, who was killed\\nAugust 4, 1814.\\nThe old ditches can be plainly seen the parapet was pro-\\ntected b} cedar pickets, so ]anted as to render scaling im-\\npossible without a ladder. The covered ways, constructed\\nto shelter the troops, have fallen in. In the centre of the\\nenclosure there was a building used as a block-house and\\npowder magazine. It was removed by the Americans, a4id\\nis now used as the government stable.\\nThe platform that now crowns the summit, and commands\\na magnificent view of the Straits and the surrounding coun-\\ntry, was built by Captain, afterward Colonel, John N. Ma-\\ncomb, during a survey of the lakes in 1849. As you stand\\non this platfoann, three hundred and twenty feet above the", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 47\\nlevel of the surrouiiuing v. ater, facing toward the flag-staff\\nin the Fort, on your right is Point St. Ignace, four miles\\ndistant, the southeini extremity of the northern peninsula of\\nMichigan nearly in front of you lies Mackinaw City eight\\nmiles distant, on the northern point of the southern penin-\\nBlock House, Built in 1780.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0sula, a little to the right, is where old Fort Michilimackinac\\nstood, where the massacre of June 2d, 1763, took place a\\nlittle farther to the left Cheboygan, eighteen miles distant,\\nand off to the left, where the northern shore and the water\\nseem to mingle and disappear together, is the mouth of the\\nSt. Mary s River, thirty-seven miles distant.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "4S ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAO.\\nNAVAL BATTLE ON LAKE ERIE.\\n1813. September lOtli, the hostile fleets of Great Britain\\nand the United States, on Lake Erie, met near the head of\\nthe Like, and a sanguinary battle ensued. The British fleet\\nconsisted of six vessels, carrying sixty-four guns, under com-\\nmand of the veteran Commodore Barclay, ,nd the fleet of\\nthe United States consisted of nine vessels, carrying flfty-\\nfour guns, under command of the young and brave Commo-\\ndore Oliver H. Perry. The result of this important conflict\\nwas made known to the world in the following laconic dis-\\npatch, written at 4 p. m. of that day\\nDear General: We have met the enemy, and they are ours. Two-\\nships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop.\\nWith esteem, etc.,\\nO.H. PERRY.\\nGeneral William H. Harbison.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS.\\n49\\nBlock House, Built in 1780.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "50 AJSTNALS OF FUKT MACKINAC.\\nBATTLE OF MICHILIMACKINAC.\\nEEPORT OF COL. GEORGE CROGHAN.\\nU. S. S. War Niagara, off Thunder bay,\\nAugust 9lh, 1814. y\\nSir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 We left Fort Gratiot (head of the straits St. Clair) on the 12tb\\nult. and imagined that we should arrive in a few days at Malshadash Bay.\\nAt the end of a week, however, the commodore from the want of pilots ac-\\nquainted with that unfrequented part of the lake, despaired of being able to-\\nfind a passage through the island into the bay, and made for St. Joseph s,\\nwhere he anchored on 20th day of July. After setting fire to the Fort of St.\\nJoseph s, which seemed not to have been recently occupied, a detachment\\nof infantry and artillery, under Major Holmes, was ordered to Sault St.\\nMary s, for the purpose of breaking up the enemy s establishment at that,\\nplace.\\nFor particulars relative to the execution of this order, I beg leave to-\\nrefer you to Major Holmes report herewith enclosed. Finding on my\\narrival at Michilimackinac, on the 2Gth ult, that the enemy had strongly\\nfortified the height overlooking the old Fort of Mackinac, I at once de-\\nspaired of being able with my small force, to carry the place by storm,,\\nand determined (as the only course remaining) on landing and establish-\\ning myself on some favorable position, whence I could be enabled to\\nannoy the enemy by gradual and slow approaches, under cover of my\\nartillery, in which I should have the superiority in point of metal. I was-\\nurged to adopt this step by another reason, not a little cogent could a\\nposition be taken and fortified on the island, I was well aware that it\\nwould either induce the enemy to attack me in my strongholds, or force\\nhis Indians and Canadians (the most efficient, and only disposable force)\\noff the island, as they would be very unwilling to remain in my neighbor-\\nhood after apermanent footing had been taken. On enquiry, I learned\\nfrom individuals who had lived many years on the island, that a position\\ndesirable as I might wish, could be found on the west end, and therefore\\nimmediately made arrangements for disembarking. A landing w^as-\\neffected on the 4th iust., under cover of the guns of the shipping, and\\nthe line being quickly formed, had advanced to the edge of the field\\nspoken of for a camp, when intelligence was conveyed to me, that the", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n51\\nCol. P. DONAN.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "52 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nenemy was ahead, and a few seconds more brought us a fire from his\\nbattery of four pieces, firing sliot and shells. After recounoiteiing his\\nposition, which was well selected, his line reached along the edge of the\\nwoods, at the further extremity of the field and covered by a temporary\\nbreast work I determined on changing my position (which was now two\\nlines, the militia forming the front), by advancing Major Holmes battal-\\nion of regulars on the right of the militia, thus to outflank him, and by a\\nvigorous effort to gain his rear. The movement was immediately ordered,\\nbut before it could be executed, a fire was opened by some Indians posted\\nin a thick wood near our right, which proved fatal to Major Holmes and\\nseverely wounded Captain Desha (the next officer in rank). This unlucky\\nfire, by depriving us of the services of our most valuable officers, threw\\nthat part of the line into confusion from which the best exertions of the\\nofficers were not able to recover it. Finding it impossible to gain the\\nenemy s left, owing to the impenetrable thickness of the woods, a charge\\nwas ordered to be made by the regulars immediate!}^ against the front.\\nThis charge although made in some confusion, served to drive the enemy\\nback into the woods, from whence an annoying fire was kept up by the\\nIndians.\\nLieut. Morgan was ordered up with a light piece to assist the left, now\\nparticularly galled the excellent practice of this brought the enemy to\\nfire at a longer distance. Discovering that this disposition from whence\\nthe enemy had just been driven (and which had been represented to me\\nas so high and commanding), was by no means tenable, from being inter-\\nspersed with thickets, and intersected in every way by ravines, I deter-\\nmined no longer to expose my force to the fire of an enemy deriving\\nevery advantage which could be obtained from numbers and a knowledge\\nof the position, and therefore ordered an immediate retreat towards the\\nshipping. This affair, which cost us many valuable lives, leaves us to\\nlament the fall of that gallant officer. Major Holmes, whose character is\\nso well known to the war department. Captain Van Home, of the 19th\\nInfantry and Lieut. Jackson of the 24th Infantry, both brave intrepid\\nyoung men fell wounded at the head of their respective commands.\\nThe conduct of all my officers on this occasion merits my approbation.\\nCaptain Desha, of the 24th Infantry, although wounded, continued\\nwith his command until foi ced to retire from faintness through loss of\\nblood. Captains Saunders, Hawkins and Sturges, with every subaltern\\nof that liattalion, acted in the most exemplary manner. Ensign Brj an,\\n2nd Rifle Regiment, acting Adjutant to the battalion, actively forwarded", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS.\\n53\\nBlock House, Built in 1780.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "54 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe wishes of the commanding officer. Lieuts. Hickman, 28th Infantry,\\nand Hyde of the U S. Marines, who commanded the reserve, claim my\\nparticular thanks for their activity in keeping that command in readiness\\nto meet any exigency. 1 have before mentioned Lieut. Morgan s activity;\\nhis two assistants, Lieut. Pickett and Mr. Peters, conductor of artillery,\\nalso merit the name of good officers.\\nThe militia were wanting in no part of their duty. Colonel Cotgreave,\\nhis officers and soldiers, deserve the warmest approbation. My acting\\nassistant Adjutant General Captain N. H. Moore, 28th Infantry, with\\nvolunteer Adjutant McComb, were prompt in delivering my orders.\\nCaptain Gratiot of the engineers, who voluntered his services as Adju-\\ntant on the occasion, gave me valuable assistance. On the morning of the\\n5t4i, I sent a flag to the enemy, to enquire into the state of the wounded\\n(two in number), who were left on the field, and to request permission to\\nbring away the body of 3Iujor Holmes, which was also left, owing to the\\nunpardonable neglect of the soldiers in whose hands he was placed. I\\nam happy in assuring you, that the body of Major Holmes is secured,\\nand will be buried at Detroit with becoming honors. I shall discharge\\nthe militia to-morrow, and will send them down, together with two regu-\\nlar companies to Detroit.\\nWith the remaining three companies I shall attempt to destroy the\\nenemy s establishment in the head of Naw-taw-wa-sa-ga River, and if it\\nbe thought proper, erect a post at the mouth of that river.\\nVery respectfully, I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedient\\nservant.\\nG. CROGHAN,\\nLieut-Col. 2nd Riflemen,\\nTo Hon. J. Armstrong,\\nSecretary of War.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS. Oi\\nREPORT OF KILLED, WOUNDED AND MISSING, ON\\nAUGUST 4th, 1814.\\nOn board the U. S. Sloop of War Niagaka,\\n11th August, 1814. f\\nArtillery wounded, three privates.\\nInfantry 17th Regiment; killed, five privates; wounded, two sergeant.^,\\ntwo corporals, fifteen privates. Two privates since dead. Two privateer\\nmissing.\\n10th Regiment wounded, one captain, nineteen privates. Captain\\nIsaac Van Home, Jr.. since dead one private since dead.\\n24th Regiment killed, five privates; wounded, one captain, one lieu-\\ntenant, three sergeants, one musician, five privates. Captain Robert\\nDesha severely; Lieut. Hezekiah Jackson since dead one sergeant since\\ndead.\\n32nd Regiment killed, one major. Major Andrew Hunter Holiwes.\\nUnited States Marines wounded, one sergeant.\\nOhio Militia killed, two privates; wounded, six privates\u00e2\u0080\u0094 one private\\nsince dead.\\nGrand total one major and twelve privates killed; two captains, one\\nlieutenant, six sergeants, three corporals, one musician and thirty-eight\\nprivates wounded. Two privates missing.\\nThe above return exhibits a true statement of the killed, wounded and\\nmissing in the affair of the 4th instant.\\nN. H. MOORE,\\nCaptain 28th Infantry.\\nActing Assistant Adjutant-General.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "56 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nREPORT OF CAPTAIN SINCLAIR.\\nUnited States Sloop of War Niagaka,\\nOff Thunder Bay, August 9th, 1814.\\nSir\u00e2\u0080\u0094 I arrived off Michilimackinac on the 26th July; but owing to a\\ntedious spell of bad weather, which prevented our reconnoitering, or\\nbeing able to procure a prisoner who could give us information of tlie\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0enemy s Indian force, which, from several little skirmishes we had on an\\nadjacent island, appeared to be very great, we did not attempt a landing\\nuntil the 4th inst. and it was then made more with a view to ascertain\\npositively the enemy s strength, than with any possible hope of success;\\nknowing, at the same time, that I could effectually cover their landing\\nand retreat to the ships, from the position I had taken within 300 yards\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0of the beach. Col. Croghan would never have landed, even with this\\nprotection, being positive, as he was, that the Indian force alone on the\\nisland, with the advantages they had, were superior to him, could he\\nhave justified himself to his government, without having stronger proof\\nthan appearances, that he could not effect the object in view. Mackinac\\nis, by nature, a perfect Gibraltar, being a high inaccessible rock on every\\nside, except the west, from which to the hights, you have near two miles\\nto pass through a wood, so thick that our men were shot in every direc-\\ntion, and within a few yards of them, without being able to see the\\nIndians who did it; and a height was scarcely gained before there was\\nanother within 50 or 100 yards commanding it, where breastworks were\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0erected and cannon opened on them. Several of those were charged and\\nthe enemy driven from them; but it was soon found the further our\\ntroops advanced the stronger tlie enemy became, and the weaker and\\nmore bewildered our forces were; several of the commanding officers\\nwere picked out and killed or wounded by the savages, without seeing\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0any of them. The men were getting lost and falling into confusion,\\nnatural vmtler such circumstances, which demanded an immediate retreat,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2or a total defeat and general massacre p^.ust have ensued. This was con-\\nducted in a masterly manner by Col. Croghan, who had lost the aid of\\nthat valuabla and ever to be lamented officer. Major Holmes, who, with\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Captain VanHorn, was killed by the Indians.\\nThe enemy were driven from many of their strongholds; but such was", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS. Oi\\nthe impenetrable thickness of the woods, that no advantage gained could\\nhe profited b} Our attack would have been made immediately under\\ntlie lower fort, that the enemy might not have been able to use his Indiaa\\nforce to such advantage as in the woods, having discovered by drawing a\\nfire from him in several instances, that I had greatly the superiority of\\nmetal of him; but its site being about 120 feet above the water, I could\\nnot, when near enough to do him an injury, elevate sutficientl} to batler\\nit. Above this, nearly as high again, he has another strong fort, com-\\nmanding every point on the islifnd, and almost perpendicular on all sides.\\nCol. Croghan not deeming it prudent to make a second attempt upon tliis-\\nplace, and having ascertained to a certainty that the only naval force the-\\nenemy have upon the lakes consists of one schooner of four guns, I have\\ndetermined to despatch the Lawrence and Caledonia to Lake Erie\\nimmediately, believing their services in transporting our armies there will\\nbe wanting; and it being important that the sick and wounded, amount-\\ning to about 100, and that part of the detachment not necessarj- to further\\nour future operations here, should reach Detroit without delay. By aa\\nintelligent prisoner, captured in the Mink, I ascertained this, and that\\nthe meclianics and others sent across from York during the winter were\\nfor the purpose of building a flotilla to transport reinforcements and sup-\\nplies to Mackinac. An attempt was made to transport them by the way of\\nMatchadash, but it was found impracticable, from all the portages being-\\na morass; that they then resorted to a small river called Nautawasaga,\\nsituated to the south of Matchadash, from which there is a portage of three\\nleagues over a good road to Lake Simcoe. This place was never known\\nuntil pointed out to them last summer by an Indian. This river is very\\nnarrow, and has six or eight feet water in it about three miles up, and is-\\nthen a muddy, I apid shallow for 45 miles up to the portage, where their\\narmada was built, and their storehouses are now situated. The naviga-\\ntion is dangerous and difficult, and so obscured by rocks and bushes that\\nno stranger could ever find it. I have, however, availed mj self of the\\nmeans of discovering it I shall also blockade the mouth of French River\\nuntil the fall; and those being the only two channels of communication\\nby which Mackinac can possibly be supplied, and their provisions at this-\\ntime being extremely short, I think they will be starved into a surrender.\\nThis will also cut off all supplies to the Northwest Company, who are now\\nnearly starving, and their furs on hand can only find transportation by\\nthe way of Hudson Bay. At this place I calculate on falling in witlv", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "58 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\ntheir schooner, which, it is said, has gone there for a load of provisions,\\nand a message sent to her not to venture up wliile we are on the Lalce.\\nVery respectfully, I have the honor to remain, Sir,\\nYour obedient servant,\\nARTHUR SINCLAIR.\\nTo Hon. Wm. Jones,\\nSecretary of the Navy.\\nNotes. Col. Croglian landed with his troops at what is\\nnow called British Landing, so named from the fact that\\nthe British landed there on the niu-ht of the 16th and 17th\\nof July, 1812, when they successfully surprised Fort Mack-\\ninac.\\nOn entering the gate on the road leading to British Land-\\ning, after passing through the narrow belt of timber, you\\n;ome to a slight ridge which crosses the road, passing diagon-\\nally through an orchard, on the left.\\nOn the south side of this ridge the British troops were\\nconcealed, having four field pieces; the line was protected by\\na hastily constructed al)attis, and the left by an entrenchment,\\nthe remains of which can be seen in the orchard some 250\\nyards to the left of, and nearly parallel to, the road.\\nThe British forces were under the command of Lieut. -Col.\\nRobert McDouall,Glengary Light Infantrj^, then in com-\\nmand at Fort Mackinac.\\nMajor Holmes body was put on board a schooner and sent\\nto Detroit, where it was buried in the old cemeterj^ on the\\ncorner of Larned street and Woodward avenue, on land\\nbelonging to The First Protestant Society. In 1834: when\\nexcavating for the building of The First Protestant Church\\nthe remains of Major Holmes were found with six cannon\\nballs in the coffin. The balls were placed in the coffin for\\nthe purpose of sinking the body if in danger of being cap-\\ntured by the British while on its way to Detroit. The\\nremains were placed in a box and buried in the Protestant\\ncemetery near Gratiot, Beaubien and Antoine streets, and\\nhave not been disturbed since that time.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "HISTOKICAL EVENTS. 59\\n1S15. By the treaty of peace and amity between Great\\nBritain and the United States, concluded at Ghent, Belgium,\\nDecember 24t]i, 1S14, and signed by Lord Gambier, Henry\\nGonlbourn and William Adams, on the part of Great\\nBritain, and by John Qnincy Adams, James A. Bayard,\\nHenry Clay, Jonathan Russell and Albert Gallatin, on the\\npart of the United States (ratifications exchanged February\\n17th, and pi-oclaimed February ISth, 1815), the post of\\nMichilimackinac was again restored to the United States.\\nThe British occupied Fort Mackinac until the arrival in\\nSeptember, of Major Talbot Chambers, with the United\\nStates troops, consisting of one company of Artillery and\\ntwo companies of Rifles. The British troops then withdrew\\nto Drummond s Island, in St, Mary s River.\\n1816. Two companies of Rifles left Fort Mackinac,\\nunder the command of Colonel John Miller, and established\\nFort Howard, at Green Bay, Wis,\\n1819. First steamboat at Makinac, the Walk-in-the-\\nWater.\\n1 821. June 21st. In the west end of the basement of\\nthe cottage on the corner of Astor and Fort Streets (then\\nused as the retail store of the American Fur Co.), occurred\\nan accident the result of which is known to the medical\\nfraternity throughout the world. We refer to the acci-\\ndental shooting, in the left side, of Alexis St. Martin, a\\nCanadian, eighteen years of age, in the employ of the\\nAmerican Fur Company.\\nSt. Martin was not more than a yard from the muzzle of\\nthe gun, which was loaded with powder and duck-shot. To\\nbe brief, a hole was made into the stomach, which healed\\nbut never closed. Through this aperture, the action of the\\nstomach, on various kinds of food, was observed. These\\nexperiments, extending through a series of years, gave\\nmuch valuable information. Dr. Wm. Beaumont, at that", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "60 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ntime the Post-Surgeon, attended the wonnded man and\\nafterward made the experiments.\\n1823. Rev. William Montague Ferry, by direction of the\\nUnited Foreign Missionary Society, established a mission\\nfor the Indians of the Northwest at Mackinac Island, this\\nlocation being chosen because it was the center of the fur\\ntrade in the JSTorthwest.\\nMr. Ferry arrived at Mackinac October 19th, and opened\\nschool November 3d, with twelve Indian children. At one\\ntime there were twenty-four assistants, and one hundred and\\neighty scholars. The children from the village attended as\\nday scholars, and those from the several tribes as boarders.\\nThey were trained in habits of industry, and taught trades,\\nand how to cultivate the soil, besides receiving a common\\nschool education. The school was first held in the old Court\\nHouse. In 1825, the building now known as the Mission\\nHouse, was erected for missionary and school purposes.\\nThomas White Ferry, ex U. S. Senator, was born in the\\nMission House, June 1, 1827.\\nThe building known as the Mission Church, was erected\\nin 1830. It was consecrated March 4th, 1831.\\nMr. Ferry was relieved August 6th, 1834. He then settled\\nat Grand Haven, Mich., where he lived for thirty-three\\nyears, highly esteemed and eminently useful. He died De-\\ncember 30th, 1867. In 1837 tlie Mission was discontinued.\\n1862. May 14th, the steamer Illinois arrived at\\nMackinac from Detroit, having on board Co. A, Stanton\\nGuards, Michigan Volunteers, Capt. Grover S. Wormer, of\\nDetroit, commanding (afterwards, Lieut.-Col. and Col. 8th\\nMichigan Cavalry, and Brevet Brigadier-General United\\nStates Volunteers), with First Lieutenant Elias F. Sutton,.\\nSecond Lieutenant Louis Ilartmeyer, Chaplain James Knox,,\\nand Dr. John Gregg, having in charge the following dis-\\ntinguished gentlemen from Tennessee, who were State", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL EVENTS. 61\\nprisoners of war Gen. William G. Harding, Gen. Wash-\\nington Barrows, and Judge Joseph C. Guild.\\nFor six days after their arrival, the prisoners were allowed\\nto remain at the Mission Hotel, under a guard, while quar-\\nters were being prepared in the Fort. The three sets of\\nofficers quarters in the wooden building between the stone\\nquarters and the guard house, were assigned to them.\\nGen. Harding occupied the set in the west end, or nearest\\nthe stone quarters, Gen. Barrows, the middle set, and Judge\\nGuild, the set in the east end. The rooms were comfort-\\nably furnished by the prisoners, who remained here until\\nSeptember 18th, 1862, when the Fort was again abandoned,\\nthe prisoners taken to Detroit, and thence to Johnson s\\nIsland, Lake Erie.\\n1877. Father Marquette s grave discovered at St. Ignace,\\nby Rev. Father Edward Jackcr.\\n1882. The Protestant Episcopal Church on Fort street,\\nbuilt through the efforts and under the direction of Rev.\\nMoses C. Stanley.\\n1SS3. A cable was laid by the Western Union Telegraph\\nCo. to Mackinac Island from St. Ignace. (The latter place\\nis connected by cable with Mackinaw City.) The line was\\nopened July 13, the first message was as follows:\\nMackinac, Mich., July 13, 1883.\\nHon. Andrew Foley,\\nMayor of St. Ignace, MicJi.\\nPlease accept our cougratulatious on the completion of the link which\\nconnects the oldest village in Michigan with the youngest city.\\nWe wish your city continued prosperity.\\n\\\\VM. P. PRESTON,\\nPresident of Mackinac Village.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "04 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nFRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS.\\nThe following named officers were at Fort Micliiliniackinac-\\non the dates given their names are the only ones (of French\\nand British officers) which appear in the old and official\\nrecords\\n1742, 12th August.\\ni\\\\IONS. DE BlATNVILLE,\\nCommandaat of Micliilimackiuac.\\n1744, Gth .lauuary.\\nM S. DE ViVEHEVET,\\nCommaudaut of Micliilimackiuac.\\n1744, nth July.\\nDE RaMELIA,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Nepigon.\\n1745, nth July, and 1747, 2:3d [ay.\\nDUPLESSIS DE 3IoiiAMPOXT,\\nKing s Commandant at Camnianettigsia.\\n1745, 25th August, and 174(3, 29th June.\\nNOYELLE, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1745, 25th August.\\nLouis de la Cokne.\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinae.\\n1747, 7th February, 20th June and 1st September.\\nMoNS. de Noyelle, Jr.,\\nCommandant of ilichilimackinac.\\n1748, 28th February, 1749, Uth March and 21st June.\\nMoNS. Jacques Legardeur de St. Pierre,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Micliilimackiuac^\\n1749, 27t i .January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "FRENCH AND BRITISH OFFICERS. 65\\n1749, 29th August.\\nMONS. GODEFROT,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1750, 24th March, and 1753, 4th June.\\nMONS. DUPLESSIS Faber,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\nKnight of the Royal and Military Order of St. Loaia.\\n1751, 8th October.\\nMoNS. DuPLESsis, Jr.,\\nSecond in Command at Michilimackinac.\\n1753, 4th June.\\nMoNs. Beaujeu de Villemoxde,\\nCaptain and King .s Commandant at Camanitigousa.\\n1753, 18th July, and 1754, 15th August.\\nMoNS. Marin,\\nKing s Commandant, Post of La Bale.\\n1753, 18th July; 1754, 8th May; 1758, 33d February, 39th June, 16th July\\nand 17th October; 1759, 30th January; 1760, 35th May and 8th\\nSeptember.\\nMons. de Beaujeu de Villemonde,\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1754, 8th July, and 1755, 35th May.\\nMons. Hehisin.\\nCaptain and King s Commandant at Michilimackinac.\\n1755, 8th January.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny.\\nKing s Commandant at the Sault.\\n1755, 34th August,\\nLouis Legardeur\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nLieutenant of Infantry.\\n1756, 38th April.\\nCharles de L Anglade,\\nOfficer of Troops.\\n1756, 19th June.\\nMons. Heutelle Beaubaffin,\\nKing s Commandant at", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "66 ANNALS OF FOBT MACKINAO.\\n1756, 19tb July.\\n]MuNS. COUTEROT,\\nLieutenant of Infantry.\\n1758, 2d July.\\nMONS. DE L Anglade,\\nSecond in Command at MicWlimackinac.\\n1758, lyth July.\\nLouis Legardeur,\\nChevalier de Repentigny,\\nOfficer at Michilimackinac.\\n1774 to 1779.\\nA. S. De Peyster,\\nMajor Commanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1779 to 17S3.\\nPatrick Sinclair.\\nMajor and Lieutenant-Governor,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1782 to 1787, 10th May.\\nDaniel Robertson,\\nCaptain Commanding Michilimackinac and Dependencies.\\n1784, 31st July.\\nPhil. B. Fry,\\nEnsign 8th, or King s Regiment.\\n1784, 31st July,\\nGeorge Clowes,\\nLieutenant 8th, or King s Regiment,\\n1791, 15th November.\\nEdward Charleton,\\nCaptain 5th Regiment Foot,\\nCommanding Michilimackinac.\\n1791, loth November.\\nJ. M. Hamilton,\\nEnsign 5th Regiment Foot.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nBenjamin Richa\\nLieutenant 5th Foot.\\n1791, 15th November.\\nH. Headowe,\\nEnsign 5th Foot.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF ROBERTSON S FOLLY.\\nCaptain Robertson was a gay young English officer and\\na great admirer of the ladies. One pleasant summer even-\\ning, as he was strolling in the woods at the back of the fort\\nenjoying his pipe, he suddenly beheld, a few rods before\\nhim and just crossing his path, a female of most exquisite\\nform, feature and complexion she seemed about nineteen\\nwas simply dressed wore her long black hair in flowing\\ntresses and as for a moment she turned on him her lustrous\\nblack eyes, her whole countenance lighting up with anima-\\ntion, the gallant captain thought he had never before seen\\nso beautiful a creature. He politely doffed his cap and\\nquickened his steps, hoping to engage her in conversation.\\nShe likewise hastened, evidently with the design of escaping\\nhim. Presently she disappeared around a curve in the road,\\nand Robertson lost sight of her.\\nAt the officers quarters that night nothing was talked of\\nbut the young lady and her possible identity. She was\\nclearly not a native, and no vessel had been known to touch\\nat the island for many a week. Who could she be Cap-\\ntain Robertson could hardly sleep that night. A rigid\\ninquiry was instituted in the village. The only effect was\\nto engender as intense curiosity in the town as already\\nexisted among the garrison.\\nAs the shades of evening drew near, the captain was again\\nwalking in the pleasant groves enjoying the delightful lake\\nbreezes and the whiff of his favorite pipe. He was think-\\ning of last evening s apparition, and blaming himself for\\nnot pressing on more vigorously, or at least calling to the", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "(j8 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nfair spectre. At this moment, raising his eyes from the\\nground, there she was again, slowly preceding him at a dis-\\ntance of scarcely more than thirty yards. As soon as his\\nastonishment would permit, and as speedily as he could\\nframe an excuse, he called to her Mademoiselle, I I beg\\nyour pardon.\\nShe turned on him one glance, her face radiant with smiles,\\nthen redoubled her pace. The captain redoubled his, and\\nsoon broke into a run. Still she kept the inter v^al between\\nthem undiminished. A bend of the road, and again she was\\ngone. The captain sought her quickly, but in vain he then\\nrushed back to the fort and called out a general posse of\\nofficers and men to scour the island, and, by capturing the\\nmaiden to solve the mystery. Though the searcli was kept\\nup till a late hour in the night, not a trace could be found\\nof her. The captain now began to be laughed at, and jokes\\nwere freely bandied at his expense.\\nTwo days passed away, and the fantasy of Captain Robert-\\nson began to be forgotten by his brother officers, but the\\ncaptain himself maintained a gloomy, thoughtful mood the\\ntruth is he was in love with the woman he had only twice\\nseen, and who he felt assured was somewhere secreted on\\nthe island. Plans for her discovery revolved in his brain\\nday and night, and visions of romance and happiness were\\never flitting before his eyes. It was on the evening of the\\nsecond day that he was irresistibly led to walk again in the\\nshady path in which the apparition had twice appeared to him.\\nIt led to the brow of the precipice at the southeastern corner\\nof the island. He had nearly reached the famoiis point\\nfrom which we now look down perpendicularly 128 feet into\\nthe placid waters of Lake Huron, when, sitting on a large\\nstone, apparently enjoying the magnificent scene spread out\\nbefore her, he discovered the object of his solicitude. Escape\\nfrom him was now impossible, silently he stole up to her.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "Robertson s folly. 69\\nA crniieliing of the gravel under his feet, however, disturbed\\nher, and turnino;, her eyes met his.\\nPretty maiden, why thus attempt to elude me Who\\nare you? There was no answer, but the lady arose from\\nthe rock and retreated nearer the brink of tlie precipice, at\\nthe same time glancing to the right and left, as if seeking a\\nloop-hole of escape.\\nDo not fear me, said the captain, I am commander of\\ntlie garrison at the fort here. No harm shall come to you,\\nbut do pray tell me who you are, and how you came on this\\nisland!\\nThe lady still maintained a stolid silence, but in the fading\\nlight looked more beautiful than ever. She was now stand-\\ning within three feet of the brink with her back to the\\nterrible abyss. The captain shuddered at the thought of her\\nmaking an unguarded step and being dashed to pieces on\\nthe rocks below. So he tried to calm her fears lest, in her\\nagitation, she might precipitate a terrible catastrophe.\\nMy dear j oung lady, he began, I see you fear me,\\nand I will leave you but for heaven s sake do pray tell me\\nyour name and where yon reside. Not a hair of your head\\nshall be harmed, but Captain Robertson, your devoted ser-\\nvant, will go through fire and water to do your commands.\\nOnce more, my dear girl, do speak to me, if but a word\\nbefore we part.\\nAs the captain warmed up in his address, he incautiously\\nadvanced a step. The girl retreated another step, and now\\nstood where the slightest loss of balance must prove her\\ndeath.\\nQuick as thought, the captain sprang forward to seize her\\nand avert so terrible a tragedy, but just as he clutched lier\\niirin, she threw lierself backward into the chasm, drawing\\nher tormentor and would-be savior with her, and both were\\ninstantlv dashed on to the rocks below.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "70 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nHis mangled remains were found at the foot of the preci-\\npice, but, singular as it may seem, not a vestige could be\\nfound of the woman for whose life his own had been sacri-\\nficed. His body alone could be discovered and it was taken\\nup and buried in a shady nook near the middle of the island.\\nHe was long mourned by his men and brother officers, for\\nhe was much beloved for his high social qualities and genia!\\ndeportment but by and by it began to be whispered that\\nthe captain had indulged too freely in the fine old French\\nbrandy that the fur traders brought up from Montreal, and\\nthat the lady he professed to see was a mere ignis fatuus of\\nhis own excited imagination. But the mantle of charity\\nhas been thrown over the tragedy, and a commonplace\\nexplanation given for the name the rocky point has acquired,\\nof Robebtson s Folly.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "AMEKIGAN FUR COMl ANY. 7.1\\nTHE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY.\\nTo notice sliglitly the origin of the American Fur Com-\\npany, we will say that John Jacob Astor, a German by birth^\\nwho arrived in New York in the year 1784, commenced\\nwork for a bakery owned by a German acquaintance. He\\nwas afterwards assisted to open a toy shop, and this was fol-\\nlowed by trafficking for small parcels of furs in the country\\ntowns, and which led to his future operations in that line.\\nMr. Astor s great and continued success in that branch of\\ntrade induced him, in 1809, to obtain from the New York\\nLegislature a charter incorporating The American Fur\\nCompany, with a capital of a million dollars. It is under-\\nstood that Mr. Astor comprised the company, though other-\\nnames were used in its organization. In 1811, Mr. Astor,\\nin connection with certain partners of the old Northwest\\nFur Con^pany (w^hose beginning was in 1783, and perma-\\nnently organized in 1787), bought out the association of\\nBritish merchants known as the Mackinac Company, then a\\nstrong competitor in the fur trade. This Mackinac Com-\\npany, with the American Fur Company, was merged into a\\nnew association called the Southwest Fur Company. But in\\n1815, Mr. Astor bought out tlie Southwest Company, and the\\nAmerican Fur Company came again to the front. In the\\nwinter of 1815-16, Congress, through the influence of Mr.\\nAstor, it is understood, passed an act excluding foreigners-\\nfrom participating in the Indian trade. In 1817-18, tlie-\\nAmerican Fur Company brought a large number of clerks\\nfrom Montreal and the United States to Mackinac, some of\\nwhom made good Indian traders, while many others failed\\nupon trial and were discharged. Among those who proved\\ntheir capability was Gurdon S. Hubbard, Esq., then a youth", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "72 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nof sixteen, tlie earliest resident of Chicago now living there.\\nHe was born in Windsor, Vt,, in 1802, and his parents were\\nElizur and Abigail (Sage) Hubbard. His paternal emigrant\\nancestor was George Hubbard, who was at Wethersfield, Ct.,\\nin 1636. Mr. Hubbard is also a lineal descendant of the\\n-clergyman -govern or Gurdon Saltonstall (named for Bramp-\\nton Gurdon, the patriot M. P., whose daughter was the grand-\\nmother of the governor), who was the great-grandson of Sir\\nRichard Saltonstall, the firm and efficient friend of early\\n^ew England.\\nWe need, therefore, merely add here that Mr. Hubbard\\nleft Montreal, where his parents then lived. May 13, 1818,\\nreaching Mackinac July 4th, and first arrived at Chicago on\\nthe last day of October or first day of November of that\\nyear. In 1828, he purchased of the Fur Company their\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0entire interest in the trade of Illinois.\\nHaving entire charge of the management of the company in the West,\\nwere Ramsey Crooks and Robert Stuart. To William Matthews was\\nintrusted the engaging of voyageurs and clerks in Canada, with his head-\\nquarters in Montreal. The voyageurs he took from the habitants (farmers)\\nyoung, active, athletic men were sought for, indeed, none but such were\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2engaged, and thej- passed under inspection of a surgeon. Mr. M. also\\npurchased at Montreal such goods as were suited for the trade, to load his\\nIjoats. These boats were the Canadian batteaux, principally used in those\\ndays in transferring goods to upper St. Lawrence River and its tributaries,\\njiiaiuied by four oarsmen and a steersman, capacity about six tons. The\\nvoyageurs and clerks were under indentures for a term of five years.\\nWages of voyageurs, $100, clerks from $120 to $500 per annum. These\\nwere all novices in the business; the plan of the company was to arrange\\nand secure the services of old traders and their voyageurs, who, at the\\n(new) organization of the company were in the Indian country, depending\\non their influence and knowledge of the trade with the Indians; and as\\nfast as possible secure the vast trade inthe West and Northwest, within\\nthe district of the United States, interspersing the novices brought from\\nCanada so as to consolidate, extend and monopolize, as far as possible,\\nover the country, the Indian trade. The first two years they had sue-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "AMEEICATSr FUR COMPAKY. I S\\nceeded iu bringing into their employ seven-eighths of the old Indian\\ntraders on the Upper Mississippi, Wabash and Illinois Rivers, Lakes\\nMichigan and Superior, and their tributai-ies as far north as the bound-\\naries of the United States extended. The other eighth thought that their\\ninterest was to remain independent toward such, the company selected\\ntheir best traders, and located them in opposition, with instructions so ta\\nmanage by underselling to bring them to terms.\\nBlock House Built in 1780.\\nAt Mackinac, the trader s brigades were organized, the company select-\\ning the most capable trader to be the manager of his particular brigade,\\nwliich consisted of from five to twenty batteaux, laden with goods. This\\nchief or manager, when reaching the country allotted to him, made\\ndetachments, locating trading-houses, with districts clearly defined, for\\nthe operations of that particular post, and so on, until his ground was fully\\noccupied by traders under him, over whom he had absolute authority.\\nWe will here allude to Mr. Astor s attemjDt to establish an\\nAmerican emporium for the fur trade at the mouth of the", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "74 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nColumbia Eiver, Avhich enterprise failed, through the capture\\nof Astoria by the British in 1814, and the neglect of our\\ngovernment to give him pi-otection. The withdrawal of Mr.\\nAstor from the Pacific coast, left the Northwest Fur Com-\\npany to consider themselves the lords of the country. They\\ndid not long enjoy the field unmolested, however. A fierce\\ncompetition ensued between them and their old rivals, the\\nHudson s Bay Company, which was carried on at great cost\\nand sacrifice, and, occasionally, with the loss of life. It\\nended in the ruin of most of the partners of the Northwest\\nCompany, and merging of the relics of that establishment,\\nin 1821, in the rival association.\\nRamsey Crooks was a foremost man in the employ of Mr. Astor in tlie\\nfur trade, not only in the east, but upon the western coast, and has been\\ncalled the adventurous Rocky Mountain trader. Intimately connected,\\nas Mr. Crooks was, with the American Fur Company, a slight notice of\\nhim will not be out of place. Mr. Crooks was a native of Greenock,\\nScotland, and was employed as a trader in Wisconsin, as early as 1806.\\nHe entered the service of Mr. Astor in 1809. In 1813, he returned from\\nhis three years journey to the western coast, and in 1817 he joined Mr.\\nAstor as a partner, and for four or five years ensuing he was the company s\\nMackinac agent, though residing mostly in New York. Mr. Crooks con-\\ntinued a partner until 1830, when this connection was dissolved and he\\nresumed his place with Mr. Astor in his former capacity. In 1834, ]Mr.\\nAstor, being advanced in years, sold out the stock of the companj and\\ntransferred the charter to Ramsey Crooks and his associates, whereupon\\nMr. C. was elected president of the company. Reverses, however, com-\\npelled an assignment in 1843, and with it the death of the American Fur\\nCompany. In 1845, Mr. Crooks opened a commission house for the sale\\nof furs and skins, in New York City. This business, which was success-\\nful, Mr. C. continued until his death. Mr. Crooks died in New York,\\nJune 6, 1859, in his 73d year. Mr. Astor died in 1848.\\nWashington Irving, in his Astoria, gives a graphic\\naccount of the occasional meetings of the partners, agents\\nand employes of the old Northwest Fur Company, at Mont-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN FUR COMPANY.\\n75\\nreal and Fort William, wliere tliej kept high days and nights\\nof wassail and feasting of song and tales of adventure and\\nhair-breadth escapes. But of those lavish and merry halls\\nof the old Northwest, we need suggest no comparison\\nwith the agency dwelling of the American Fur Company at\\nMackinac, where the expenses charged for the year 1821\\nwere only $678.49. In that account, however, we notice the\\nfollowing entries: 31^ gallons TenerifPe Wine, -44^ gallons\\nPort Wine 10 gallons best Madeira 70^ gallons Red Wine\\n9 gallons Brandy one harrel flour.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "76 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nMACKINAC ISLAND\\nIs situated in the Straits of the same name, about four miles\\neast of the narrowest part, fifteen miles from Lake Huron,\\nand thirty from Lake Michi^i^an contains two thousand two\\nhundred and twenty-one acres, of which the National Park\\ncontains eight hundred and twenty-one acres, and the Mili-\\ntary Reservation one hundred and three acres.\\nA RAMBLE THROUGH FORT MACKINAC.\\nThere are various ways of reaching the Fort from the\\nvillage probably the easiest is up the steps, the view at\\nthe top being well worth the breath it costs to reach it.\\nNow follow us, and we will show you through the Fort:\\nThis old block-house on our left was built in 1780, by the\\nBritish troops under Major Patrick Sinclair beyond, to the\\nleft, are two buildings, officers quarters, built in 1S76 pass-\\ning along toward the flag-staff, we come to another set of\\nofficers quarters, built in 1835, and another old block-house,\\nthe upper part of which is used as a reservoir, into which\\nwater is pumped from a spring at the foot of the bluff, and\\ndistributed through pipes into various buildings. This inno-\\nvation on the old-time water-wagon was made in 1881, in\\naccordance with a plan devised by, and executed under the\\ndirection of, Lieut. Dwight H. Kelton, lOtli U. S. Infantry,\\nPost-Quartermaster. Water first pumped Oct. 11, 1881.\\nWhile reinforcing the flag-staff in 1869, a bottle was\\ntaken out of the base, containing a parchment upon which\\nwas written", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "kamble thkough fort mackinac. 7\\nHeadquarters Fort Mackinac,\\nMay 25th, 1835.\\nThis flag-staff erected on the 25th day of May, 1835, by A and G\\nCompanies, of the 2d Regiment of Infantry, stationed at this post.\\nThe following Ofiicers of the 2d Infantry were present\\nCaptain John Glitz, A Company, Com d g Post.\\nCaptain E. Kerby Barnum, G Company.\\nIst-Lieut. J. J. B. Kingsbury G Company.\\n2d-Lieut. J. W. Penrose, G Company, A.C.S.\\n2d-Lieut. J. V. Bomford, H Company.\\nAsst. -Surgeon Geo. F. Turner, U.S.A.\\nDavid Jones, Sutler.\\nAbsent Officers:\\nIst-Lieut. J. S. Gallagher, A Company, Adjutant.\\n2d-Lieut. J. H. Leavenworth, A Company, on Special Duty.\\nColonel Hugh Brady, Bvt.-Brig. General, Commanding Left Wing,\\nEastern Department, Headquarters at Detroit.\\nLieut. -Colonel Alexander Cummings, Commanding 2d Regiment,\\nHeadquarters Madison Barracks, Sacket s Harbor, New York.\\nPresident of the United States, Andrew Jackson.\\nBuilder (of flag-staff), John McCraith, Private, A Company,\\n2d Infantry.\\nAnother document was added and the bottle was re-\\nentombed.\\nGoing down the steps to the right, we are brought face to\\nface with one of the old landmarks of this country, the old\\nstone officers quarters, built in 1780, with walls from two\\nand a half to eight feet thick formerly the windows had\\niron bars across them. In 1812 the basement of this build-\\ning and the old block-houses were used as prisons, in which\\nCaptain Roberts detained the men and larger boys of the\\nvillage, after the capture of the Fort, until he decided what\\nto do with them. Those who took the oath of allegiance\\nto Great Britain were released and allowed to return to\\ntheir homes the others were sent to Detroit. Mr. Michael", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "78\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nStone Officers Quarters. Built 1780.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "KAMBLE THKOUGH FORT MACKINAC. 79\\nDoiistnau was permitted to remain neutral and was not dis-\\nturbed.\\nIn 1814, the basement of this building and the block-\\nhouses were used as a place of refuge for the women and\\nchildren of the village, while the vessels containing the\\nAmerican troops were anchored off the island.\\nThe old wooden building on our right, now used as a\\nstorehouse, was built for a hospital in 1828 on the site of\\nthe original hospital, built by the British.\\nThe long, low wooden building at the other end of the\\nstone-quarters, formerly officers quarters, is now used as a\\nstorehouse; facing it are the barracks, a two-story frame-\\nbuilding, built in 1859, occupied by two companies of\\nsoldiers, one on each Hoor, with mess-rooms, etc., complete\\nfor each.\\nWe come next to the guard-house, built in 1828. Turning\\ntoward the Ijarracks, we have on our riglit, first, the Com-\\nmissary, built in 1877, on the site of the old stone-magazine.\\nIn the small building adjacent to the Commissary are the\\noffices of the Commanding Officer and Adjutant, and next\\ndoor, the office of the Post-Quartermaster, which is con-\\nnected by a passage-way with the storehouse beyond; built\\non the site of the post-bakery of early days.\\nGoing up the path from the guard-house we will examine\\nthe reveille gun, and take a glimpse at the magnificent\\nview from the gun-platform. Below, at the foot of the\\nbluff, are the Government stables, blacksmith shop, and gra-\\nnary; beyond them, the company gardens, where the build-\\nings of the United States Indian Agency stood in earlier\\ndays.\\nIn front of us is Round Island, where, for a long time,\\nthere was a large Indian village, the only remnant of which\\nis an Indian burying ground, on the southeastern part of the\\nisland. There is also an old burying ground on Bois Blanc", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "so ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nIsland, it is a singular fact that all these Indian graves were\\ndug due east and west.\\nWauchusco, a celebrated spiritualist of the Ottawa tribe,\\nlived on Round Island for several years previous to his death,\\nwhich occurred September 30, 1837.\\nTo the left of Round Island is Bois Blanc Island.\\nThe building in our rear is the hospital, built in 1858;\\nleaving it to our right, we pass another old block-house, and\\nover the old north sally-port, just outside of which, on July\\n17th, 1812, the British troops stood in line and presented\\narms while Lieuts. Porter Hanks and Archibald Darragh\\nmarched the American troops out, with arms reversed, to\\nreceive their parole as prisoners of war.\\nPassing on we come to the library and reading room.\\nWhen built, the fort was enclosed by a stockade ten feet\\nhigh, made of cedar pickets, into the tops of which were\\ndriven irons with three sharp prongs projecting. Formerly\\nall the buildiniji-s belouii-ino- to the fort were within this\\nstockade.\\nA better idea of the block-houses as they appeared then,.\\nand of the stockade, may be obtained from the illustrations,\\nwhich are reduced from old drawings.\\nThe old gates still remain in place at the south sally-port,,\\nnear the guard-house.\\nThe flags of three great nations have successively floated\\nover the post at Michilimackinac, which has been the theatre\\nof many a bloody tragedy. Its possession has been disputed\\nby powerful nations, and its internal peace has continually\\nbeen made the sport of Indian treachery and white man s\\nduplicity. To-day, chanting te deuuis beneath the ample\\nfolds of the fleur-de-lis, to-morrow yielding to the power of\\nthe Briti.-h lion, and, a few years later, listening to the ex-\\nultnnt sci eams of the American eagle, as the stars and", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "RAMBLE THEOUGII FOKT MACKINAC.\\n81\\nstripes float over the battlements on the Isle of the dancing\\nspirits.\\nThe historical reminiscences rendering it classic ground,\\n^M\\nH^H^F^^ ^l^i!f ^^iL^SniH^cJi\\n^BBiV^Hb\\nBHffip^^.^^^^qg^H|BM|\\n^^^^EbmB\\nHI^^^W ^^^^L.\\nwffii\\nS^ w-^ V ^^W\\nl^fr\\nS?|\\nH^K\\nS^IlS\\nIb^-4\\n^o\\nB^^B^^^^J^^,^^ ig- _^;g|^\\nand the many wild traditions, peopling each rock and glen\\nwith spectral habitants, combine to throw around Mackinac\\nan interest and attractiveness unequalled by any other place\\non the Western Continent.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "82\\nANNALS OF I \\\\)KT MACKINAC.\\nAMERICAN OFFICERS.\\nThe following named officers of the United States army\\nhave served at Fort Mackinac. The year of their arrival\\ntheir actual rank at that time, and the organization to which\\nthey belonged are given\\n1790. Henry Burbeck, Major,\\nAbner Prior, Captain,\\nEbcnezer Massay, Lieutenant,\\n-Johu Mieliael,\\nISOl. Tliomas Hunt,\\nJosiali Dunliam,\\nRichard Whiley,\\n1802. Francis Le Barron,\\n1807. Jonatliau Eastmanji\\n1808. Lewis Howard,*\\nPorter Hauks,\\nArchibald Darragh,\\n1810. Sylvester Day,\\n1815. Talbot Chambers,\\nJoseph Kean,\\nJoiiii O Fallou,\\nJohn Heddelson,\\nJames S. Gray,\\nBenjamin K. Pierce.\\nRobert McClallan, Jr,\\nLewis Morgan,\\nGeorge Wilkins,\\nJohn S. Pierce,\\nThomas J. Baird,\\nEdward Purcell,\\n1810. John Miller,\\nJohn McNeil,\\nCharles Gratiot,\\nDied at Fort Mackinac, January 13. 1811.\\nMajor,\\nCaptain,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\nSurgeon s Mate.\\n1st Lieutenant, Artillerists.\\nCaptain,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nGarrison Surgeon s Mate.\\nMajoi Rifles\\nCaptain,\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\n1st Infantry.\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\n1st Infantry.\\n1st\\nArtillerists and Eng rs.\\nArtillery.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st\\n2d\\n2d\\n3d\\nHospital Surgeon s Mate.\\nColonel, 3d Infantry.\\nMajor, 5th\\nEniiineers.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "AMEKICAN OFFICEKS.\\n83\\n1817.\\n1818.\\n1819.\\n1816. William Whistler,\\nJohn Greene,\\nCharles L. Cass,\\nDaniel Curtis,\\nJohn Garland,\\nTiirby T. Thomas,\\nBritten Evans,\\nJames Dean,\\nAndrew Lewis,\\nAlbion T. Crow,\\nWilliam S Eveleth,\\nLawrence Taliaferro,\\nEdward Brooks,\\nJoseph P. Russell,\\nJoseph Gleason.f\\nWilliam Lawrence,\\nWilliam S. Comstock,\\nPeter T. January,\\nJohn Peacock,\\nWilliam Beaumont,\\nThomas C. Legate,\\nElijah Lyon,\\nJames A. Chambers,\\nJoshua Barney,\\nJames M. Spencer,\\nAlexander C.W. Fanning,\\nWilliam Whistler,\\nSamuel W. Hunt,\\nAaron H. Wright,\\nGeorge H. Crosman,\\nStewart Cowan,\\n1825. William Hoffman,\\nRichard S. Satterlee,\\nCarlos A. Wait,\\nSeth Johnson,\\n1826. David Brooks,\\nAlexander R. Thompson,\\n1827. James G. Allen,\\n1831.\\n1822.\\n1823.\\nCaptain,\\n3d infantry\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Sd\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\n1st\\n3d\\n1st\\n3d\\n1st\\n3d\\n2d\\n8d\\n2d\\n3d\\n2d\\n3d\\nHospital Surgeo\\nn s Mate.\\n2d Lieutenant,\\nEngineers.\\n1st\\n3d Infantry.\\n1st I\\n3d\\nPost Surgeon.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th Infantry.\\nLieut. -Colonel,\\n2d\\nSurgeon s Mate,\\n3d\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n3d\\n2d\\n3d\\nPost Surgeon.\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\n1st\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n3d Infantry\\n1 st Lieutenant,\\n3d\\n2d\\n3d\\n2d\\n6th\\n2d\\n3d\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nAssist. Surgeon\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\n1st\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nt Died at Fort Mackinac, March 27. 1820.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "84\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1837. Edwin James,\\nEphraim K. Barnum,\\nEdwiu V. Sumner,\\nSamuel T. Heintzelman,\\n1828. Charles F. Morton,\\nSullivan Burbank,\\nRobert A. McCabe,\\nWilliam Alexander,\\nAbner R. Hetzel,\\nJosiah H. Vose,\\n1829. James Engle,\\nAmos Foster,\\nEnos Cutler,\\nMoses E. Merrill,\\nEphraim Kirbj- Smith,\\nIsaac Lynde,\\nCaleb C. Sibley,\\nWilliam E. Cruger,\\nLouis T. Jamison,\\n1830. Henry Clark,\\n1831. John T. Collingsworth,\\nRobert McMillan,\\n1882. George M. Brooks,\\nWaddy V. Cobbs,\\nJoseph S. Gallagher,\\nGeorge W. Patten,\\nThomas Stockton,\\nAlexander R. Thompson,\\nJohn B. F. Russell,\\n1883. William Whistler,\\nEphraim K. Barnum,\\nJoseph R. Smith,\\nJames W. Penrose,\\nCharles S. Frailey,\\nGeorge F. Turner,\\n1884. Jesse H. Leavenworth,\\nJohn Clilz, :j:\\nAssist. Surgeon\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Infan\\ntry.\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantrj-.\\nCaptain,\\n5tli\\n.5th\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\n2d\\n2d\\nMajor,\\n5th\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\nLieut. -Colonel,\\n3d\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\n1st\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\n1st\\n5th\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n5th\\nAssist. Surgeon\\nMedical\\nDepartment\\nColonel,\\n5th Infai\\nitry.\\nCaptain.\\n2d\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\nMajor,\\n6th\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\nMajor,\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\n2d\\n2d\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical\\nDepartment.\\n2d Lieutenant, 2d Infantry.\\nCaptain, 2d\\nt Died at Fort Mackinac, November 7, 1836.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN OFFICKRS.\\n85\\n1835.\\n1836.\\n1839.\\n1340.\\n1841.\\n1843.\\n1843.\\n1844.\\n1845.\\n1847.\\n1848.\\nJames V. Bomford,\\nJulius J. B. Kingsbury,\\nMarsena R. Patrick,\\nEjastus B. Wolcott,\\nJames W. Anderson,\\nSamuel McKenzie,\\nArnold E. Jones,\\nH.irvey Brown.\\nJohn W. Phelps,\\nJohn C. Pemberton\\nHenry Holt,\\nPatrick H. Gait,\\nGeorge C. Thomas,\\nGeorge W. Getty,\\nAlexander Johnston,\\nWilliam Chapman,\\nSpencer Norvell,\\nHenry Whiting,\\nJohn M. Jones,\\nRev. John O Brien,\\nMartin Scott,\\nLevi H. Holden,\\nMoses E. Merrill,\\nWilliam Root,\\nJohn C. Robinson,\\nJohn Byrne,\\nCharles C. Keeney,\\nGeorge C. Westcott,\\nSilas Casey,\\nJoseph P. Smith,\\nFred Steele,\\nFrazey M. Winans,\\nMichael P. Doyle,\\nMorgan L. Gage,\\nCaleb F. Davis,\\nWilliam F. Chittenden,\\nWilliam K R. Beall,\\nCharles H. Larnard,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\n1st\\n2d\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n2d\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nJledical Department.\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artill. ry\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nCaptain,\\n4th\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\n2d\\n4th\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department\\nCaptain,\\n4th Artillery.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\n2d\\n4th\\nCaptain,\\n5th Infantry,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\nChaplain.\\nCaptain,\\n5th\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department\\nCaptain,\\n5th Infantry.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n5th\\n2d\\n5th\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d Infantry.\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n5th\\n5th\\nCaptain,\\n15th\\n2d Lieutenant,\\nloth\\nCaptain,\\n1st Mich. Vols.\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n1st\\n2d\\n1st\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n4th Infantry.\\nCaptain,\\n4th", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "86\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\n1848.\\nHiram Dryer,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n4th Infantry.\\n1849.\\nJoseph B. Brown,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\nJoseph L. Tidbivll,\\nBvt. 2d Lieut.,\\n4th Infantry.\\n1850.\\nCharles H. Laub,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\n1851.\\nDavid A. Russell,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th Infantry.\\n1852.\\nThomas Williams,\\nCaptain,\\n4tli Artillery.\\nGeorge W. Rains,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th\\nJacob Culliertson,\\n2d\\n4th\\nJoseph H. Bailey,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department.\\n1854.\\nJoseph B. Brown,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\n1855.\\nJohn H. Grelaud,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n4th Artillery.\\n1856.\\nEdward F. Bagley,\\n2d\\n4th\\nWilliam R. Terrill,\\n1st\\n4th\\nJoseph H. Wheelock,\\n1st\\n4th\\nJohn Byrne,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\nMedical Department.\\n1857.\\nArnold Elzey,\\nCaptain,\\n2d Artillery.\\nHenry Benson,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nGuilford D. Bailey,\\n2d\\n2d\\n1858.\\nHenry C. Pratt,\\nCaptain,\\n2d\\nHenry A. Smalley,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n2d\\nJohn F. Head,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department.\\n1859.\\nWilliam A. Hammond,\\nGeorge L. Hartsuff.\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n2d Artillery.\\n1862.\\nGrover S. Wormer,\\nCaptain, Stanton Guards, Mich. Vols.\\nElias F. Sutton,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\nLouis Hartmeyer,\\n2d\\nJames Knox,\\nChaplain,\\nMich. Vols.\\nCharles W. Le Boutillier,\\nAssist. Surgeon,\\n1st Minn. Inf y. Vols.\\n1866.\\n-Jerry N. Hill,\\nCaptain,\\nVet. Res. Corps.\\nWashington L. Wood,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n1867.\\nJohn Mitchell,\\nCaptain,\\n4od Infantry.\\nEdwin C. Gaskill,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n43d\\nJulius Stommell,\\n2d\\n43d\\n1869.\\nLeslie Smith,\\nCaptain,\\n1st\\nJohn Leonard,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st\\nMatthew Markland,\\n2d\\n1st\\n1870.\\nSamuel S. Jessop,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department.\\n1871.\\nThomas Sharp,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n1st Infantry.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "AMERICAN 0FFICEK8.\\nS7\\nI\u00c2\u00ab73.\\nWilliam M. Notson,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1873.\\nCarlos Carvallo,\\n1S74.\\nCharles J. Dickey,\\nCaptain,\\n22d Infantry.\\nJohn McA. Webster,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n22d\\nJ. Victor De Hanne,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1875.\\nAlfred L. Hough,\\nMajor,\\n22d Infantry.\\n1876.\\nJoseph Bush,\\nCaptain,\\n22d\\nThomas H. Fisher,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n22d\\nFielding L. Davies,\\n2d\\n22d\\n1877.\\nCharles A. Webb,\\nCaptain,\\n23d\\nJohn G. Ballance,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0M\\nTheodore Mosher, Jr.,\\n2d\\n22d\\nPeter Moffat.\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department\\n1878.\\nOscar D. Ladley,\\n1st Lieutenant,\\n22d Infantry.\\n1879.\\nEdwin E. Sellers,\u00c2\u00a7\\nCaptam,\\n10th\\nCharles L. Davis,\\n10th\\nDwight H. Kelton,\\n1st Lieutenant.\\n10th\\nWalter T. Diiggau,\\n1st\\n10th\\nBogardus Eidridge,\\n2d\\n10th\\nEdward H. Plummer,\\n2d\\n10th\\nGeorge W. Adair,\\nCaptain,\\nMedical Department.\\n1882.\\nWilliam H. Corbusier,\\n1883.\\nJohn Adams Perry,\\n2d Lieutenant,\\n10th Infantry.\\n\u00c2\u00a7Died at Fort Mackinac, April Sth, 1884.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF LOVER S LEAP.\\nMany years ago, there lived a warrior on this island whose\\nname was Wawanosh. He was the chief of an ancient\\nfamily of his tribe, who had preserved the line of chieftain-\\nship unbroken from a remote time, and he consequently\\ncherished a pride of ancestry. To the reputation of birth\\nhe added the advantages of a tall and commanding person,\\nand the dazzling qualities of personal strength, courage and\\nactivity. His bow was noted for its size, and the feats he\\nh id performed with it. His counsel was sought as much as\\nhis strength was feared, so that he came to be equally\\nregarded as a hunter, a warrior and a counsellor.\\nSuch was Wawanosh, to whom the united voice of the\\nnation^awarded the first place in their esteem, and the highest\\nauthority in council. But distinction, it seems, is apt to\\nengender haughtiness in the hunter state as well as civilized\\nlife. Pride was his ruling passion, and he clung with ten-\\nacity to the distinctions which he regarded as an inheritance.\\nWawanosh had an only daughter, who had now lived to\\nwitness the budding of the leaves of the eighteenth spring.\\nHer father was not more celebrated for his deeds of strength\\nthan she for her gentle virtues, her slender form, her full,\\nbeaming hazel eyes, and her dark and flowing hair.\\nHer hand was sought by a young man of humble parent-\\nao^e, who had no other merits to recommend him but such as\\nmight arise from a tall and commanding person, a manly\\nstep, and an eye beaming with the tropical tires of youth and\\nlove. These were sufficient to attract the favorable notice", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "yO ANN ALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nof the danghtei but were by no means satisfactory to the\\nfather, who sought an alliance more suitable to the rank and\\nthe high pretensions of his family.\\nListen to me, young man, he replied to the trembling-\\nhunter, who had sought the interview, and be attentive to\\nmy words. You ask me to bestow upon you my daughter,\\nthe chief solace of my age, and my choicest gift from the\\nMaster of Life. Others have asked of me this boon, who\\nwere as young, as active and as ardent as yourself. Some of\\nthese persons have had better claims to become my son-in-\\nlaw. Have you reflected upon the deeds which have raised\\nme in authority, and made my name known to the enemies\\nof my nation Where is there a chief who is not proud to\\nbe considered the friend of Wawanosh? Where, in all the\\nland, is there a hunter who lias excelled Wawanosh Where\\nis there a warrior who can boast the taking of an equal num-\\nber of scalps Besides, have you not heard that my fathers\\ncame from the East, bearing the marks of chieftaincy\\nAnd what, young man, have you to boast? Have you\\never met your enemies in the field of battle? Have j/ow\\never brought home a trophy of victory? Have you ever\\nproved your fortitude by suffering protracted pain, enduring\\ncontinued hunger, or sustaining great fatigue? Is your\\n7iaine known beyond the humble limits of your native vil-\\nlage? Go, then, young man, and earn a name for yourself.\\nIt is none but the brave that can ever hope to claim an\\nalliance with the house of Wawanosh.\\nThe intimidated lover departed, but he resolved to do a\\ndeed that should render him worthy of the daughter of\\nWawanosh, or die in the attemot. He called tog^ether\\nseveral of his young companions and equals in years, and\\nimparted to them his design of conducting an expedition\\nagainst the enemy, and requested their assistance. Several\\nembraced the proposal immediately and, before ten suns", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF LOVEk s LEAP. 91\\nset, he saw himself at the head of a formidable party of\\nyonng warriors, all eager, like himself, to distinguish them-\\nselves in battle. Each warrior was armed, according to the\\ncustom of the period, with a bow and a quiver of arrows,\\ntipped with flint or jasper. He carried a sack or wallet,\\nprovided with a small quantity of parched and pounded\\ncorn, mixed with pemmican or maple-sugar. He was fur-\\nnished with a Puggamaugun, or war-club of hard wood,\\nfastened to a girdle of deerskin, and a stone or copper knife.\\nIn addition to this, some carried the ancient shemagun^ or\\nlance, a smooth pole about a fathom in length, with a javelin\\nof flint firmly tied on wuth deer s sinews. Thus equipped,\\nand each warrior painted in a manner to suit his fancy, and\\nornamented with appropriate feathers, they repaired to the\\nspot appointed for the war-dance.\\nA level, grassy plain extended for nearly a mile from the\\nlodge of Wawanosh along the lake shore. Lodges of bark\\nwere pj omiscuously interspersed over this green, and here\\nand there a solitary tall pine. A belt of yellow sand skirted\\nthe lake shore in front, and a tall, thick forest formed the\\nbackground. In the center of this plain stood a high, shat-\\ntered pine, with a clear space about, renowned as the scene\\nof the war-dance time out of mind. Here the youths assem-\\nbled, with their tall and graceful leader, distinguished by the\\nfeathers of the bald-eagle, which he wore on his head. A\\nbright fire of pine wood blazed upon the green. He led his\\nmen several times around this fire, with a measured and\\nsolemn chant. Then suddenly halting, the war-whoop was\\nraised, and the dance immediately began. An old man,\\nsitting at the head of the ring, beat time upon the drum,\\nwhile several of the elder warriors shook their rattles, and\\never and anon made the woods re-echo with their yells.\\nThus they continued the dance for two successive days\\nand nights.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "92 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nAt length the prophet uttered his linul prediction of suc-\\ncess; and the warriors dropping off, one by one, from the\\nlire, took their way to the place appointed for the rendez-\\nvous, on the confines of the enemy s country. Their leader\\nwas not among the last to depart, but he did not leave the\\nvillage without seeking an interview with the daughter of\\nWawanosh. He disclosed to her his firm determination\\nnever to return, unless he could establish his name as a\\nwarrior. He told her of the pangs he had felt at the bitter\\nreproaches of her father, and declared that his soul spurned\\nthe imputation of effeminacy and cowardice implied by his\\nlanguage. He averred that he could never be happy until\\nhe had proved to the whole tribe the strength of his heart.\\nHe said that his dreams had not been propitious, but he\\nshould not cease to invoke the powder of the Great Spirit.\\nHe repeated his protestations of inviolable attachment, which\\nshe returned, and, pledging vows of mutual fidelity, they\\nparted.\\nThat parting proved final. _ All she ever heard from her\\nlover after this interview was brought by one of his success-\\nful warriors, who said that he had distinguished himself by\\nthe most heroic bravery, but, at the close of the fight, he\\nhad received an arrow in his breast. The enemy fled, leaving\\nmany of their warriors dead on the field. On examining\\nthe wound, it was perceived to be beyond their power to\\ncure. Tliey carried him toward home a day s journey, but\\nhe languished and expired in the arms of his friends. From\\nthemoment the report was received, no smile was ever seen\\nin the once happy lodge of Wawanosh. His daughter pined\\naway by day and by night. Tears, sighs and lamentation\\nwere heard continually. Nothing could restore her lost\\nserenity of mind. Persuasives and reproofs were alternately\\nemployed, but employed in vain. She would seek a seques-\\ntered spot, where she would sit and sing her mournful", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF LOVEk s LEAP. 93\\nlaments for hours togetlier. Passages of these are yet\\nrepeated by tradition, one of wl)ich we give:\\nTHE LOON S FOOT.\\nI tliought it was the ioou s foot. I saw l)eneatli the tide,\\nBut no it was my lover s shining paddle I espied;\\nIt was my lover s paddle, as my glance I upward cast,\\nThat dipped so light and gracefully as o er the lake I passed.\\nThe loon s foot the loon s foot,\\nTis graceful on the sea;\\nBut not so light and joyous as\\nThat paddle-blade to me.\\nMy eyes were bent upon the wave, I cast them not aside,\\nAnd thought I saw the loon s foot beneath the silver tide.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0But ah! my eyes deceived me for as my glance I cast,\\nIt was my lover s paddie-blade that dipped so light and fast.\\nThe loon s foot the loon s foot,\\nTis sweet and fair to see;\\nBut, oh, my lover s paddle-lilade,\\nIs sweeter far to me.\\nThe lake s wave the long wave the billow big and free.\\nIt wafts nie up and down, within my yellow light canoe;\\nBut while I see beneath heaven pictured as I speed,\\nIt is that beauteous paddle-blade that makes it heaven indeed.\\nThe loon s foot the loou s foot.\\nThe bird upon the sea.\\nAh; it is not so beauteous\\nAs that paddle-blade to me.\\nIt was not long l)efore a small bird of beautiful plumage\\nflew upon the rock on which she usually sat. This mysteri-\\nous visitor, which, from its sweet and artless notes, is called\\nChileeli, seemed to respond in sympathy to her plaintive\\nvoice. It was a strange bird, such as liad not before been\\nobserved. It came every day and remained chanting its", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "94 ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAC.\\nnotes till nightfall and when it left its perch, it seemed,\\nfrom the delicate play of the colors of its plumage, as if it\\nhad taken its hues from the rainbow. Her fond imagination\\nsoon led her to suppose it was the spirit of her lover, and\\nher visits to the lonely rock were repeated more frequently.\\nShe passed much of her time in fasting and singing her\\nplaintive songs. There she pined away, taking little nour-\\nishment, and constantly desiring to pass away to that land of\\nexpected bliss and fi-eedom from care, where it is believed\\nthat the spirits of men will be again reunited, and tread\\nover fields of flowery enjoyment. One evening, her lifeless\\nl)ody was found at the foot of the rock, but when death\\ncame to her, it was not as the bearer of gloom and regrets,\\nbut as the herald of happiness.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "EARLY MICHIGAN,\\nThe lirst Eni-opean Settlement within the limits of the\\nState of Michigan was by the French,\\nIn 1641, Fathers Charles Raj^mbanlt and Isaac Jogues,\\nnpon the invitation of the Ojibwa, visited the rapids of the\\nSt. Maiy s River. Untoward eircnmstances prevented the\\nestablishment of a mission.\\nThe iirst white men who passed tiie rapids, entered Lake\\nSnperior, and coasted along the whole extent of the south-\\nern shore of Lake Superior, were Des Groseillers (famous\\nfor his later exploits on Hudson Bay) and another 3 oung\\nFrenchman. They spent the winter of 1659-60 in Northern\\nWisconsin and Eastern Minnesota, and in the followino: sum-\\nmer returned to Canada with three hundred Indians and\\n200,000 livres worth of fur.\\nFather Renatus (Rene) Menard was the first Jesuit who\\nlabored for some time among the Indians in Upper Michigan.\\nHis stay on Keweenaw Bay lasted from October 15th,\\n1660, to Jul} 13tli, 1661. About a month later he perished\\nduring an attempt to reach the Huron Settlement on tlie\\nheadwaters of the Black River (Wisconsin).\\nIn 1665, Father Allouez coasted along the suuth shore of\\nI^ake Superior on his way to Shagawamigong (Chegoime-\\ngong), where he founded a mission. Its site was at the head\\nof Ashland Bay, Wisconsin.\\nIn 1668, Father James Mai-quette reached the Sault, where\\nhe was joined by Father Claudius Dablon. The settlement\\nof Michigan begins at this period.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "96 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nUnder fne French and British dominion, the territory was\\nassociated with tlie Canadas, l)iit became part of the territory\\nof Virginia at the close of the war of independence, although\\nit w^as not formally occupied by the United States until 1796.\\nVirginia liad in the meantime ceded to the United States all\\nof her territory northwest of the Oliio River, and Congress^\\nby the historical Ordinance of 1787, passed July 13th of\\nthat year, provided for its government as the Northwest\\nTerritory.\\nThe first seat of government of the Northwest Territory\\nwas at Chillicothe, Ohio. By act of Congress of May 7th^\\n1800, the territory was divided, preparatory to the admission\\nof Ohio into the Union as a State, and the Indiana Terri-\\ntory was erected, with the seat of government at Vinccnnes^\\nIndiana. By act of January, 1805, the Territory of Michi-\\ngan was set off from the Indiana Territory, tlie seat of gov-\\nernment being established at Detroit. By this act, the\\nsouthern boundary of Michigan was fixed by a line drawn\\ndue east from the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michi-\\ngan until it intersects Lake Erie, and tlie western boundary\\nthrough Lake Michigan and thence due north to the north-\\nern boundary of the United States. This included on the\\nsouth a strip of territory, now forming a part of the State\\nof Ohio, and did not inchide the northern or Upper Penin-\\nsula of the now State of Micliigaii.\\nIn the year 1835, the people of Michigan took steps for\\nforming a State Government. The admission of the State\\ninto the Union was delayed until 1837, chiefly in consequence\\nof a disagreement in regard to the southern boundary tlie\\nState of Ohio laying clain:i to the strip of territory previously\\nreferred to, which it was claimed on the other hand was\\nwithin the Territory of Michigan, and which embraces within\\nits limits the pi-esent City of Toledo. The dispute at one\\ntime threatened an armed collision, and military forces were", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "EARLY MICHIGAN. 97\\niiiustei-ed on both sides, in what is popularly known as the\\nToledo war. The difficulty was settled by the act of\\nCongress of June, 1836, fixing the disputed boundary in\\naccordance with the claim of Ohio, giving to Michigan,\\ninstead, the territory known as the Upper Peninsula.\\nThe seat of government remained at Detroit until 1847.\\nwhen it was removed to Lansing.\\nThe land area of the State comprises two natural division^\\nknown as the Upper and Lower Peninsulas, and the adjacent\\nislands.\\nThe Upper Peninsula contains 14,451,456 acres.\\nThe Lower Peninsula contains 21,677,184 acres.\\nThere are 179 islands included within the boundaries of\\nthe State, varying in area from one acre upward, their total\\narea being 404,730 acres.\\nBois-Blanc Island contains 21,351 acres.\\nRound Island contains 180 acres.\\nMackinac Island contains 2,221 acres.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "98 ANNALS OF FOET MACKINAC.\\nGOVEENORS OF MICHIGAN.\\nUMDER FRENCH DOMINION.\\nSamuel Champlain, Ifi22-1635\\nM. DE MONTMAGNY, 16;i0-1647\\nM. D AlLLEBOUT, 1048-1650\\nM. DE Lauson 1651-10O\\nM. DE Lauson (son), 1656-1657\\nM. d Aillebout, 1657-1658\\nM. d Argenson, 1658-1660\\nBaron d Avaugour, 1661-166S\\nM. DE Mesey, 1663-1665\\nM. DE Courcelle, 1665-1673\\nCount de Frontenac 1672-1682:\\nM. DE la Barre, 1682-1685\\nMarquis de Denonville, 1685-168\\nCount de Frontenac, 1689-1698\\nM. de Callieres, 1699-1703-\\nM. de Vaudreuil, 1708-1725\\nM. DE Beauharnois, 1726-1747\\nM. DE Galissoniere, 1747-1749\\nM. DE la Jonquiere, 1749-1752\\nM. DU QuESNE, 1752-1755\\nM. DE Vaudreuil de Cavagnac, 1755-176tJ\\nunder british dominion.\\nJames Murray, 1763-1767\\nGuy Carleton, 1768-1777\\nFrederick Haldimand, 1777-1785\\nHenry Hamilton, 1785-1786\\nLord Dorchester, 1786-1796\\nterritorial governors.\\nNoriJaoeiit Territory.\\nArthur St. Clair 1700-1800", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "EAULV MICHIGAN.\\n99\\nIndiana Territory.\\nWilliam Henry Hariuson,\\n1800-1805\\nMichigan Territory.\\nWilliam Huli-,\\nGeorge B. Porter,*\\nStevens T. Mason, ex officio,\\n1805-1813\\nLewis Cass, 1818-1831\\n1831-1834\\n1834-1835\\nundek state authority.\\nStevens T. Mason\\nWilliam WooDiniiDOK,\\nJ. Wright Gordon, f\\nJohn S. BARin\\nAlpheus Felch,\\nWilliam L. Greenly.!\\nEpaphroditus Ransom\\nJohn S. Barry,\\nRobert McClelland\\nAndrew Parsons,!\\nKinsley S. Bingham.\\nMoses Wisner,\\nAustin Blair,\\nHenry H. Ckai-o,\\nHenry P. Baldwin,\\nJohn J. Bagley\\nCharles M. Croswell,\\nDavid H. Jerome,\\nJosiah W. Begole,\\n183.5-1840\\n1840-1841\\n1841-1842\\n1842-1846\\n1846-1847\\n1847-1848\\n1848-1850\\n1850-1852\\n1852-1853\\n1853-1855\\n1855-1859\\n1859-1861\\n1861-1865\\n1865-1869\\n1869-1873\\n1873-1877\\n1877-1881\\n1881-1882\\n1883-1884\\nDied while in office, July 6, 18-4, and was succeeded by the then Secretary of\\nthe Territory, Stevens T. Mason.\\nLieutenant-Governor acting as Governor.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC. lUl\\nNATIONAL PARK\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ISLAND OF MACKINAC.\\nOil Miirch lltli, IsTo. Hon. T. W. Ferry, Senator from\\nMiciiiii an. introduced Iti the Senate the following-:\\nlie irdped, That so mucli of the Island of ^lackinac, lyiiii; in the Straits\\nof Mackinac, within the County of Mackinac, in the State of Miclii.eau,\\nas is now licld by tlie United States under military reservation or oUier-\\nwise (excepting the Fort Mackinac and so ranch of tlic present reservation\\nthereof as bonnds it to tlie soutli of the vi!la:i:e of Mackinac, and to the\\nwest, nortli and east respectively )y lines drawn north and south, east\\nand west, at a distance from tiie pi-esent fort liag-staft of four hundred\\nyards), herebj is reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy,\\nor sale under the laws of tiic I njted States, and dedicated and set apart\\nas a National public park, or grounds, for healtli, comfort and pleasure,\\nfor the benefit and enjojnient of the people; and all persons who shall\\nlocate or settle upon or occupy the same, or any part thereof, except as\\nherein provided, shall be considered trespassers, and removed therefrom.\\nThat said public park shall be umler the exclusive control of the Sec\\nretary of ^Var. whose duty it shall be. as soon as jiracticable, to make\\nand publish such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or\\nproper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations\\nshall provide for the preservation froni in jr.ry or spoliation of all timber,\\nmineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within said park, and\\niheir retention in their natural I ondition. The Secretary may, in his\\ndiscretion, grant leases, for building purposes, of small parcels of ground,\\nat such places in said park as shall recpiire the erection of buildings for\\nthe accommodation of visitors, for terms not exceciding ten years; all of\\nthe proceeds of said leases, and all other revenues derived from any\\nsource connected with said ]iark, to lie expended under his direction, in\\nIhe management of the same and in tlie construction of roads and bridle-\\npaths therein. He shall provide against the wanton destruction of game\\nor ti.sli found within said park, and against their capture or destruction\\nfor any purposes of use or profit. He also shall cause all persons tres-\\nl)as\u00c2\u00abing upon the same, after the passage of this act, to be removed there-\\nfi-om, and generally shall be authorized to take all such measures as shall", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "102 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nbe necessary or proper to fully carry out the objeots and purposes of this\\nact.\\nThat any part of the park hereby created shall at all times be available\\nfor military purposes, either as a parade or drill ground, in time of peace,\\nor for complete occupation in time of war, or whenever war is expected,\\nand may also be used for the erection of any public buildings or works:\\nProvided, That no person shall ever claim or recei\\\\e of the United States\\nany damage on account of any future amendment or repeal of this act,\\nor the taking of said park, or any part thereof, for public purposes or use.\\nSenator Ferry did not forget his work or neglect his oppor-\\ntunities, and on March 3d, 1875, after a two years struggle,\\nhe finally procured the passage of the Act for the Mackinac\\nNational Park. His regard for this spot his birthplace and\\nboyhood home led him to advocate his park bill at all times\\nand places, until his fellow-members dubbed it Ferry s\\nPark.\\nThe following are the approved Rules and Kegulations for\\nthe Park at Mackinac:\\nI. Mackinac Park will be under the immediate control and manage-\\nment of the commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac, wlio is charged witli\\nthe duty of preserving order, protecting the public property therein, and\\nenforcing these rules.\\nII. All tenants renting under the Act of Congress providing therefor\\nmust conform to, and abide by, such rules and regulations as are pre-\\nscribed for the care of the park, and will be held responsible for a com-\\npliance with the same on the part of the members of their families, their\\nagents and employes.\\nIII. The sale of wines and malt or spirituous liquors on the park,\\nwithout special authority from the commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac,\\nor higher military authority, is prohibited.\\nlY. No person shall put cattle, swine, horses or other animals on the\\npark, except as follows:\\nThe cows belonging to the residents of the Island of Mackinac may be\\nplaced in a herd, under the care of a herder, and be permitted to graze in", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "NATIONAL PARK. 108\\nsucli i)arts of the park as may he designated by the commaudiug-officer\\nof Fort Mackinac.\\nV. Racing or riding and driving at great speed is prohibited.\\nVI. No person shall indulge in any threatening, abusive, insulting or\\nindecent language in the park.\\nVII. No person shall commit any obscene or indecent act in the park.\\nVIII. No frays, quarrels, or disorders of any kind will be permitted\\nin the park.\\nIX. No person shall carry or discharge fire-arms in the park.\\nX. No person shall injure or deface the trees, shrubs, turf, natural\\ncuriosities, or any of the buildings, fences, bridges or other structures\\nwithin the park.\\nXI. No person shall injure, deface or destroy any notices, rules or\\nregulations for the government of the park, posted, or in any other man\\nBer permanently fi.xed, by order or permission of the authorities of the\\npark.\\nXII. No person shall wantonly destroy any game or fish within the\\npark, nor capture nor destroy the same for any purposes of use or profit.\\nXIII. Any person wlio shall violate any of these Rules and Regula-\\ntions shall be ejected from the park by military authority, and m case\\nthe person so offending shall have committed any offence in violation of\\nany of the statutes of the United States, or of the State of Michigan,\\nthe offender shall be proceeded against before the United States or State\\ncourts, according to the laws providing for the same.\\nXIV. The commanding-officer of Fort Mackinac may, at any time,\\nadd to or modify these Rules, subject to the approval of the Secretary of\\nWar.\\nWhen the Park was surveyed, lots were set ajDart for build-\\ning purposes in the following places: on tlie bluff near\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Robertson s Folly; on the bluff on the northwest side of\\nthe island, and on the bluff extending from the old Indian\\nhurying-ground along by Pontiac s Lookout.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF ARCH ROCK.\\nAfter the Gitclie Manitou had called into existence tlic\\nbeautiful Island of Mackinac and given it into the care of\\nthe kindred spirits of earth, air and water, and had told\\nthem it was only to be the abode of peace and quiet, it was\\nso pleasant in his own eyes that he thouo;lit, Here will I\\nalso come to dwell, this shall be my abode and my children\\nmay come and worshij) me here. Here in the depths of the\\nbeautiful foi est they shall come.\\nThen calling his messengers, he bade them fly to all lands\\nof heat and noise and troublous insects, and tell the suffering\\nones of every race and clime that in these northern waters\\nwas a place prepai-ed where they could come and rest, leaving\\nall care behind.\\nIn the straits of Mackinac,\\nIn the clear pellucid wave,\\nSitting like an emerald gem,\\nIs the rock-girt Fairy Isle.\\nRound its bold and craggy shore\\nSweep the billows far and wide,\\nWith a gentle sinuous swell.\\nAnd the moan of distant seas.\\nBlue its waters, blue the sky.\\nSoft the west wind from afar\\nMoving o er the scented grass,\\nAnd the many myriad flowers.\\nThe cool invigorating breezes shall bring health and elasti-\\ncity to the weak and weary. Plere disease shall not dare\\n105", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "106 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\ninvade the pleasant glens or beautiful hilltops. Here let them\\ncome and receive my blessing.\\nYe shall also tell the stranger friends, who may come to\\nseek me, tliat my royal landing is on the eastern shore there\\nshall they draw up the canoes upon the pebbly beach under\\nthe shadow of the Aiiohp:d Gateway. Under the Arch\\nwhich they can see from afar, let them come with songs of\\nrejoicing neither night or day shall it be closed to any one\\nwho may seek me. Let them land before it and pass through\\nit and ascend to my dwelling, and worship before me.\\nWhen the great spirit made known his wish to dwell with\\nmen, all nature seemed to rejoice and to make preparations\\nfor his abode.\\nThe tallest trees claimed the privilege of being the poles\\nof his wigwam, and sweet balsam firs laid themselves at his\\nfoet for use.\\nThe birch trees unsheathed themselves and sent their bark\\nin all its soft creamy whiteness to form the outside covering.\\nThe trees of the forest all vied with each other in seeking\\na }^lace in the future home of the Gitche Manitou.\\nScarcely had the poles fitted themselves into their places,\\nand tlie l)ircli bark unrolled itself and arranged its clinging\\nsheets in orderly rows upoTi the outside, when the noise of\\ndistant paddles was heard from the lake swiftly and gaily\\nthey drew near, guided by the spirits of earth, air and water.\\nNever had such a sight been witnessed on this earth.\\nThe Gitche Manitou, went to meet them, and stood upon\\nthe Arch and upheld his hands in blessing.\\nAs his children unloaded their offerings of beaver, white-\\nl)ear and other skins, they marched in procession up to the\\ngateway and fell upon their knees and offered their thanks\\nto the great spirit for the happy privilege of contributing to\\nthe comforts of his earthly home.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF AKCH EOCK. 107\\nYes, my children dear, my loved ones,\\nI am here in joy and gladness.\\nHere to live in peace among yon.\\nI have come to teach yon wisdom\\nIn the arts of love and living.\\nI accept your native offerings.\\nThese white bear, and fox skins silvery,\\nShall a couch of warmth and comfort\\nMake for me when around my lire,\\nI am resting from my labors.\\nOf the beaver skins and otters\\nThey shall line the wigwam smoothl}^\\nSo Ka-bi-bo-nok-ka, the north wind,\\nNe er shall peep or whistle thro them.\\nEnter in my gateway proudly,\\nAnd ascend my staircase slowly,\\nAnd see the home of the Great Spirit,\\nWhere he dwells among his children.\\nThey did as he eoninianded, and when they were about to\\nreturn he thus addressed them:\\nNow, my children, as you leave me,\\nForth to go upon your journeyings,\\nTell to all who know and love me,\\nThat whenever a chieftain\\nWooes and weds a dark-eyed maiden,\\nHe shall bring her here before me.\\nGay with garlands, sweet with roses.\\nWith the sound of music fleeting\\nFar and near from every islet\\nThat lies sleeping in these waters.\\nIn these glittering, dark green waters.\\nSweetest strains of music blending\\nShall salute them, as the billows\\nOf the mighty lake of wonders\\nBears them onward to the portals.\\nWhere my blessing will await them.\\nAnd as long as they thus serve me\\nI will dwell upon this island.\\nHenceforth blessing youth and maiden\\nJoined in closest bonds of wedlock.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "lOS LEGEND OF ARCH KocK.\\nBut, it ill the coining seasons,\\n8oine foul sjjirit roams among you,\\nAmi destroys my loving children.\\nThis fair home that I have built\\ntShall become a rocky^ fastness.\\nWhere they all may fly for shelter\\nAnd be safe in my protection.\\nMany, many years have passed, Tho wigwam ot the\\nGreat Sjjirit has been transmuted into stone, and is now\\nknown as the Pykaisiii).\\nThe Akchei) Gateway can still be seen as in ancient times,\\nwitli its portals guarded by tall greeii .entinels.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0rantiUT)\\npuaH JO Xdvins\\ntnojj saxim ajn\\n-J BJS UI 90U13;S!Q\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2laAai-aJi-Bi aAoqe\\niqSiI JO jqapH\\n;S! :S!\\nCO\\na) 6 !S M\\nW g d\\n3 S.5 i\\no-^\\nDO?\\n:e p \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\u00e2\u0096\u00a0s\\no.r; 3\\n-S^SSfl a a\\n033.5\\nZ .a\\nO c3 0)\\no\\n^g^Sp5ao aogooHHWc:ccHQC-aaSa^Ho3\\nO\\nC5\\n-I Q-\\nCO O -I\\n=0 3\\n22 mo\\no\\nBO U S\\n[109]", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF M4CKINAC ISLAND.\\nThere once lived an Indian in the north, who had ten\\ndaughters, all of whom grew up to womanhood. They were\\nnoted for their beauty, but especially Oweenee, the youngest,\\nwho was very independent in her way of thinking. She\\nwas a great admirer of romantic places, and paid very little\\nattention to the numerous young men who came to her\\nfather s lodge for the purpose of seeing her. Her elder sis-\\nters were all solicited in marriage from their parents, and one\\nafter another went off to dwell in the lodges of their husbands,\\nbut she would listen to no proposals of the kind. At last she\\nmarried an old man called Osseo,who was scarcely able to walk,\\nand too poor to have things like others. They jeered and\\nlanghed at her on all sides, but she seemed to be quite happy,\\nand said to them, It is my choice, and you will see in the end\\nwho has acted the wisest. Soon after, the sisters and their\\nhusbands and their parents were all invited to a feast, and\\nas they walked along the path, they could not help pitying\\ntheir young and handsome sister, who had such an unsuitable\\nmate. Osseo often stopped and gazed upward, but thev\\ncould perceive nothing in the direction he looked, unless it\\nwas the faint glimmering of the evening star. They heard\\nhim muttering to himself as they went along, and one of the\\nelder sisters caught the words, Sho-wain-ne-me-shin nosa.\\nPoor old man, said she, he is talking to his father, what\\na pity it is that he would not fall and break his neck, that\\nour sister might have a handsome young husband. Pres-\\n*Pity me, my father.\\n[Ill]", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "112 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nently they passed a large liollow log, lying with one end to-\\nward the path. The moment Osseo, who was of the turtle\\ntotem, came to it, he stopped short, uttered a loud and\\npeculiar yell, and then dashing into one end of the log, he\\ncame out at the other, a most beautiful young man, and\\nspringing back to the road, he led off the party with steps\\nas light as the reindeer. But on turning round to look for\\nhis wife, behold, she had been changed into an old, decrepit\\nwoman, who was bent almost double, and walked with a\\ncane. The husband, however, treated her very kindly, as\\nshe had done him during the time of his enchantment, and\\nconstantly addressed her by the term of ne-ne-moosh-a, or\\nmy sweet-heart.\\nWhen they came to the hunter s lodge with whom they\\nwere to feast, they found the feast ready prepared, and as\\nsoon as their entertainer had finished his harangue (in which\\nhe told them his feasting was in honor of the Evening or\\nWoman s Star), thej- began to partake of the portion dealt\\nout, according to age and character, to each one. The food\\n\\\\vas very delicious, and they were all happy but Osseo, wlio\\nlooked at his wife and then gazed upward, as if he was\\nlooking into the substance of the sky. Sounds were soon\\nlieard, as if from far-off voices in the air, and they became\\nplainer and plainer, till he could clearly distinguish some of\\nthe words.\\nMy SOD my son, said the voice, I have seen your\\nafflictions and pity your wants. I come to call you away\\nfi om a scene that is stained with blood and tears. The\\nearth is full of sorrows. Giants and sorcerers, the enemies\\nof mankind, walk abroad in it, and are scattered tlii ough-\\nout its length. Every night they are lifting their voices to\\nthe Power of Evil, and every day they make themselves\\nbusy in casting evil in the hunter s path. You have long\\nbeen their victim, but shall be their victim no more. The", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF MACKINAC ISLAND.\\nIV\\nspell you were under is broken. Your evil genius is over-\\n-come. I have cast him down by my superior strength, and\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2this strength I now exert for your happiness. Ascend,\\niiiy son ascend into the skies, and partake of the feast I\\nhave prepared for you in the stars, {^nd bring with you those\\ny^ou love.\\nThe food set before you is enchanted and blessed.\\nPear not to partake of it. It is endowed with magic power\\nto give immortality to mortals, and to change men to\\nspirits. Your bowls and kettles shall be no longer wood\\nand earth. The one shall became silver, and the other\\nwampum. They shall shine like fire, and glisten like the\\nmost beautiful scarlet. Every female shall also change her\\nstate and looks, and no longer be doomed to laborious\\ntasks. She shall put on the beauty of the starlight, and\\nbecome a shining bird of the air, clothed with shining\\nfeathers. She shall dance and not work she shall sing\\nand not cry.\\nMy beams, continued the voice, shine faintly on your\\nlodge, but they have power to transform it into the light-\\nness of the skies, and decorate it with the colors of the\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2clouds. Come, Osseo, my son, and dwell no longer on\\n\u00c2\u00abarth. Think strongly on my words, and look steadfastly at\\nmy beams. My power is now at its height. Doubt not\\n-delay not. It is the voice of the Spirit of the stars that\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0calls you away to happiness and celestial rest.\\nThe words were intelligible to Osseo, but his companions\\nthought them some far-off sounds of music, or birds singing\\nin the woods. Very soon the lodge began to shake and\\ntremble, and they felt it rising into the air. It was too late\\nto run out, they were already as high as the tops of the\\ntrees. Osseo looked around as the lodge passed throngh\\nthe topmost boughs, and behold their wooden dishes were\\nchanged into shells of a scarlet color, the poles of the lodge", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "114 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nto glittering wires of silver, and the bark tliat covered thein\\ninto the gorgeous wings of insects. A moment more, and\\nhis brothers and sisters, and their parents and friends, were\\ntransformed into birds of various plumage. Some were\\njays, some partridges and pigeons, and others gay singing\\nbirds, who hopped about, displaying their glittering feathers,\\nand singing their song. But Oweenee still kept her earthly\\ngarb, and exhibited all the indications of extreme age. He\\nagain cast his eyes in the direction of the clouds, and\\nuttered that peculiar yell, which had given him the victory\\nat the hollow log. In a moment the youth and beauty of\\nhis wife returned her dingy garments assumed tlie shining\\nappearance of green silk, and her cane was changed into a\\nsilver feather. The lodge again shook and trembled, for\\nthey were now passing through the uppermost clouds, and\\nthey immediately after found themselves in the Evening\\nStar, the residence of Osseo s father.\\nMy son, said the old man, hang that cage of birds,\\nwhich you have brought along in your hand, at the door,\\nand I will inform you why you and your wife have been\\nsent for. Osseo obeyed the directions and then took his\\nseat in the lodge. Pity was shown to you, resumed the\\nking of the star, on account of the contempt of your\\nwife s sisters, who laughed at her ill fortune, and ridiculed\\nyou while you were under the power of that wicked spirit,\\nwhom you overcame at the log. That spirit lives in the\\nnext lodge, being a small star you see on the left of mine,\\nand he has always felt envious of my family, because we\\nhad greater power than he had, and especially on account\\nof our having had the care committed to us of the female\\nworld. He failed in several attempts to destroy your\\nbrothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, but succeeded at last in\\ntransforming yourself and your wife into decrepit old per-\\nsons. You must be careful and not let the light of his", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF MACKINAC ISLAND. 115\\nbeams fall on you while you are here, for therein is the\\npower of his enchantment a ray of light is the bow and\\narrow he uses.\\nOsseo lived happy and contented in the parental lodge,\\nand in due time his wife presented him with a son, who\\ngrew up rapidly, and was the image of his father. He was\\nvery quick and ready in learning everything that was done\\nin his grandfather s dominions, but he wished also to learn\\nthe art of hunting, for he had heard this was a favorite\\npursuit below. To gratify him, his father made him a bow\\nand arrows, and he then let the birds out of the cage that\\nhe might practise in shooting. He soon became an expert,\\nand the very lirst day brought down a bird, but when he\\nwent to pick it up, to his amazement, it was a beautiful\\nyoung woman with the arrow sticking in her breast. It\\nwas one of his aunts. The moment her blood fell upon\\nthe surface of that pure and spotless planet, the charm was\\ndissolved. The boy immediately found himself sinking, but\\nwas partly upheld, by something like wings, till he passed\\nthrough the lower clouds, and he then suddenly dropped\\nupon a high, romantic island. He was pleased on look-\\ning up to see all his aunts and uncles following him in\\nthe form of birds, and he soon discovered the silver lodge,\\nwith his father and mother, descending with its waving\\nbarks looking like so many insects gilded wings. It rested\\non the highest cliffs of the island, and here they fixed their\\nresidence. They all resumed their natural shapes, but were\\ndiminished to the size of fairies as a mark of homage to\\nthe King of the Evening Star, they never fail, on every\\npleasant evening during the summer season, to join hands\\nand dance upon the top of the rocks. These rocks were\\nquickly observed by the Indians to be covered, in moonlight\\nevenings, with a larger sort of Puk Wudj Ininees, or little\\nmen, and were called Mish-in-e-rnok-in-ok-ong, or txirile", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "116 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nspirits^ whence the island derives is name. Their shining\\nlodge can be seen in the summer evenings when the moon\\nshines strong!}^ on the pinnacles of the rocks, and those who\\ngo near those high cliffs at night can hear the voices of the\\nhappy little dancers.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT NAMES OF RIVERS, LAKES, ETC.\\nLalce Ontario. Champlain called it Lao St. Louis\\nCoiuit de Froutenac, in 1674, called it Ontario on San-\\nson s map, 1679, it appears Ontario ou Lac de St. Louis\\nit had also the name Frontenac Hennepin called it\\nOntario or Frontenac Tonti and Father Menibre call it\\nLake Frontenac on De L Isle s maps, 1700 and 1703, it\\nappears as Lac Ontario^\\nLake Erie. This name, says Mr. Baldwin, was derived\\nfrom the tribe of Fries, on the south shore; the same tribe\\nwas also called the Gat nation. Hennepin called it Erie,\\nalso ^Contyi and Sanson s map, 1679, gives it Erie Lac j\\nMembre called it de Contyj^^ De L Isle s maps give it\\nLac Erie.\\nLake LLuron. Champlain called it Mer Douce;\\nFather Membre, as well as Hennepin, called it Lake\\nOrleans; De L Isle maps, 1703 and 1718, give it Lac\\nHuron ou Michigane on his map of 1700, it appears as\\nL. des LLurons.\\nLake Superior. Marquette s map gives it Lac Superieur\\nou de Tracy Hennepin called it Lake Conde on De\\nL Isle s maps it is Z ^c Superieur Senex s map, 1719,\\nand Coxe s of 1721, call it Nadouessians.\\nLake Mickigan. Marquette, Dablon, and LaSalle, called\\nit the lake of the llinois Claude AUouez, in 1676,\\nreached this lake on the eve of St. Joseph he said we\\ngive it the name of that great Saint, and shall henceforth\\n[117]", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "118 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ncall it Lake St. Joseph Allouez was the first to give\\nit the name of \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Lake Machihiganing LaSalle and Father\\nMeiiabre call it -Lake Dauphin St. Cosine called it\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Miesitgan^^ and also Missigan Marest was one of the\\nfirst to call it Lake Mich igun.\\nNote. The name as spelled by Allouez comes nearest the\\nIndian pronounciation, which is Mashiiganing or Mishii-\\nganing, the double i being pronounced e-e.\\nThe term signifies a clearing, and was first applied to\\nthe north-western shores of Lower Michigan where there\\nwere large ancient clearings.\\nLake St. Clair. Hennepin wrote it \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^St. Clare on the\\nmap of De L Isle, of 1700, it is Z. de Ste. Claire on his\\nmaps of 1703 and 1718, it appears Zac Ganatchio ou Ste.\\nClaire. Shea says it received its name in honor of the\\nfounder of the Franciscan nuns, from the fact that LaSalle\\nreached it on the day consecrated to her.\\nMississippi River. One or more of the outlets of this\\nriver was discovered in the year 1519, by the Spanish officer,\\nDon Alonzo Alvarez Pineda j he named the river i?/o\\ndel Espiritu Santo. De Soto named it Z Z Rio Grande\\ndel Florida. Marquette, on his map, gave it the name\\nde la Conception he also used the name Missipi.\\nLaSalle, Membre, Hennepin, and Douay called it the Co^-\\nhert Joutel said the Indians called it Meechassippi\\nbut he called it the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Colbert or Mississippi f on De L Isle s\\nmap it is ^^Mississippi and xS Louisf Allouez first speaks\\nof it as \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Messipi and again as the Messi-sipi St. Cosme\\ncalls it Micissipi.\\nNote. The name of the river, in the principal Algonquin\\ndialects, is Mishisihi (pronounced Me-she-se-he) meaning\\nlarge river.\\nThe translation Father of Waters is a poetical license.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "ANCIENT NAMES OF EIVEBS, LAKES, ETC. 119\\nMissouri River. Marquette called it the Pekitanoixi^\\nmeaning tmtddy water j the Recollects called it the River\\nof Ozagesf Membre called it the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Ozagef on De L lsle s\\nmaps, 1703, 1718, it is le Missouri ou de R. Pekitanoni;^^\\nCoxe called it Yellow River^ or \u00e2\u0080\u00a2River of the Massorites.\\nOhio River. Marquette called the lower Ohio Ouahous-\\nkigouf Joutel called it \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Douo or Ahachaf from the mouth\\nof the Ohio to the Wabash and up that stream was known\\nas the Ouahaohe^ so it was called by Membre, St. Cosme,\\nand LaHontan. Above the Wabash, the Ohio was more\\nparticularly known as Ohio ott Belle Riviere^ the river\\nis so called on De L lsle s map, 1703. Evans, in 1755, calls\\nit Ohio or Alleghany or La Belle.\\nIllinois River. Marquette speaks of it, but gave it no\\nname on Franquelin s map it appears Riviere des Ilinois\\nou Macopiiisf LaSalle called it the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Seignlaif Fathers\\nHennepin and Membre the Seignelay i^^ Dablon not only\\napplied to one of the upper branches of the Illinois (the\\nDesplaines) the name St. Louis^ but to the continuation,\\nthe Illinois itself Coxe called it the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2ChiGagoiif De L lsle s\\nmap, 1718, gives it Riv. des Ilinois.\\nDes Plaines River. LaSalle, in 1680, called the Des-\\nplaines the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2^Divine River Membre and Charlevoix did\\nthe same. La Salle afterward, however, called it the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Che-\\neagou.^^ Dablon called it \u00e2\u0080\u00a2St. Louis River,^^ including^\\nperhaps, the continuation, the Illinois Franquelin s map,\\n1684, gives it PeanghichiaP The river was frequently\\ncalled the \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Chicagouf see De L lsle s map, 1718, and\\nD Anville s, 1755.\\nChicago^ and River. Marquette called it Portage\\nRiver f LaSalle applies the name Checago to this\\nlocality, but his Checago River was generally the Des-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "120 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\njplahies; Franqnelin s map, 1684, gives to this locality or\\nriver the name of Cheagoumeinan,^^ and to another stream\\nChekagouf Tonty, in 1685, says that he arrived at the\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Fortof Checagouy St. Cosme calls it Chikagou,^ Chi-\\ncagu^ \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Chicaqw,^ and also CliimgSP LaHontan, 1703,\\nhas it ChegakouP Senex, 1710, gives it \u00e2\u0096\u00a0GheGagouf De\\nL Isle s maps have it Checagou^^^ also Chicagou Moll,\\n1720, gives it Chekakou; Charlevoix, Chicagou.\\nCol. De Peyster speaks of it as Eschecagou, and again\\nas \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Esohicagou^ a river and Fort at the head of Lake\\nMichigan. Popple s atlas, 1733, has it Fort Miamis\\nou Ouamisf Mitchell, 1755, i?. and Port Chicagou,^* and\\nSayer Bennett s map, 1797, says \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Point Chicago RiverP\\nSandusky Bay. On De L Isle s map, 1718, it appears\\nZ 2C San-dou-ske.^^\\nSaginaw Bay. On De L Isle s maps, 1703 and 1718, it\\nappears \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Baye de Saguina^ and \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Baye Saguinamf Coxe\\ncalled it the Sakinam^\\nNote. Osaginang^ or Osakinang^ is the Indian\\nname, derived from Osagi^ or Osaki.\\nThe Sacs lived on the Saginaw and Titibewasse before\\nremoving to Wisconsin.\\nPattersorCs Point. A rocky point of land on the north\\n\u00c2\u00abhore of Lake Michigan, some sixty miles from Mackinac, is\\nso-called, from the fact that Mr. Charles Patterson, one of\\nthe principal members of the Northwest Fur Company, with\\nall his crew, was there drowned about the year 1788.\\nMarquette River. On De L Isle s map, 1703, it is R.\\nMarquet Charlevoix called it River Marquette, or\\nRiver of the Black Role.\\nIsle Royal, Lake Superior. On De L Isle s maps, 1700\\nAnd 1703, it appears Monong Coxe calls it Minong^\\nNote. Minong is the Indian name.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "ANCIEJS T NAMES OF KIVERS, LAKES, ETC. J2i\\nMichiliinaGkinaG. Marquette called it Miohiliinaki-\\nnong j Hennepin and Membre speak of it as Missili-\\nrtiakinak Joutel called it MiGiliinaqxiinay De L Isle s\\nmap, 1703, calls it Isle et Hahitation de Missiliinakinacr\\nNote. Marquette came nearest the Indian pronunciation\\nof the word, which is MishinimakinangP\\nThe change of n into by the French, is frequent\\nin Indian names.\\nGreen Bay. Marquette called it \u00e2\u0096\u00a0Bay of the Fetid\\nHennepin and Membre did the same. Marquette says the\\nIndians called it Salt Bay St. Cosme called it Bay of\\nBtcants; on De L Isle s maps, 1700 and 1718, it appears\\nas Baye des Puans^\\nMilwaukee River. Membre calls it Melleoki St.\\nCosme termed it Melwarik on De L Isle s map, of 1718^\\nit is called Mdlekiy\\nNote. Minewag is the Indian name.\\nFox River of Illinois. Joutel, on his map, gives it Pe-\\nteseouyi St. Cosme calls it Pistrui j Charlevoix calls it\\nPisticoui.\\nWisconsin River. Father Marquette called it the 3Ies-\\nconsing Hennepin quotes the Indians as calling it the\\nOusGonsin or MisGonsinr Membre called it the JSles-\\nconcing St. Cosme, the WesGonsin.\\nNote. The Indian name is Wiskkosing, the 6 having\\nthe nasal sound of tiie French c/i.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "122\\nANNALS OF FOBT MACKINAC.\\nCOLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS, AT MACKINAC.\\n180 l-G David Duncan. 1843-49\\n1806-10 George Hoffman. 1849-33\\n1810 Harris H. Hickman. 1853-55\\n1810-15 Samuel Abbott. 1855-61\\n1815-16 William Gamble. 1861-67\\n1816-18 John Rogers. 1867-71\\n1818-33 Adam D. Stewart. 1871-\\n1833-43 Abraham Wendell.\\nSamuel K. Haring.\\nCharles E. Avery.\\nAlexander Toll.\\nJacob A. T. Wendell.\\nJohn W. McMath.\\nS. Henry Lasley.\\nJames Lasley.\\nINDIAN AGENTS.\\nAgents for\\nMackinac and\\nVicinity:\\n1816-24\\nWm. H. Puthuff.\\n1861-65\\nD. C. Leach.\\n1824-33\\nGeorge Boyd.\\n1865-69\\nRichard M. Smith.\\n1883-41\\nHenry R. Schoolcraft.\\n1869\\nWm. H. Brockway.\\n1841-45\\nRobert Stuart.\\n1869-71\\nJames W. Long.\\n1845-49\\nWm. a. Richmond.\\n1871\\nRichard M. Smith.\\n1849-51\\nChas p. Babcock.\\n1871-76\\nGeorge I. Betts.\\n1851-53\\nRev. Wm. Sprague.\\n1876-82\\nGeorge W. Lee.\\n1853-57\\nHenry C. Gilbert.\\n1882-\\nEdward P. Allen.\\n1857-61\\nAndrew M. Fitch.\\nMACKINAC COUNTY, PROBATE COURT JUDGES.\\nBela Chapman.\\nAlexander Toll.\\nBela Chapman.\\nGeorge C. Ketchum.\\nGeorge T. Wendell.\\nBenoni Lachance.\\nThomas Chambers.\\n1823-25\\nWilliam H. Puthuff.\\n1860-65\\n1825-29\\nJonathan N Bailey.\\n1805\\n1829-33\\nB. Hoffman.\\n1866-73\\n1833-40\\nMichael Dousman.\\n1873-77\\n1840-44\\nBela Chapman.\\n1877-79\\n1844-48\\nWilliam Johnson.\\n1879-81\\n1848-53\\nBela Chapman.\\n1881-\\n1853-(i0\\nJoN.\\\\THAN P. King.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "VILLAGE OFFICERS.\\n123\\nMACKINAC VILLAGE, PRESIDENTS.\\nWardens or Presidents of the Borough or\\nincorporation in\\n1817-31\\nWm. H. Puthupf.\\n1848\\n1832\\nGeorge Boyd.\\n1849\\n1823\\nWm. H. Puthupf.\\n1850-55\\n1824-35\\nMichael Dousman.\\n1856\\n1826\\nJonathan N. Bailey.\\n1861\\n1827-30\\nSamuel Abbott.\\n1872\\n1831\\nEdward Biddle.\\n1873\\n18 .2-43\\nSamuel Abbott.\\n1874\\n1844\\nEdward Biddle.\\n1875-76\\n1845\\nSamuel Abbott.\\n1877-81\\n1845\\nAbraham Wendell.\\n1882\\n1846\\nBela Chapman.\\n1883-\\nVillage of Mackinac, since its\\n1S17:\\nAugustus Todd.\\nBela Chapman.\\nAugustus Todd.\\nJonathan P. King.\\nJohn B. Couchois.\\nJohn Becker.\\nWm. Madison.\\nDr. John R. Bailey.\\nEdwin C. Gaskill.\\nWm. P. Preston.\\nHorace A. N. Todd.\\nWm. P. Preston.\\nPOSTMASTERS.\\nPostmasters at Mackinac since the establishment of tJie Post Office in 1819:\\nThe Office was knoxon as Michilimackinac until 1825.\\n18^9-22 Adam D. Stewart. 1859-61\\n1822-25 John W. Mason. 1861-66\\n1835-29 Jonathan N. Bailey.* 1866-67\\n1839-49 Jonathan P. King. 1867-77\\n1849-53 James H. Cook. 1877-80\\n1853-59 Jonathan P. King. 1880-\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6First Postmaster at Chicago. Appointed March 31st, 1831.\\nThe first post-olflce on this side of the Atlantic was established by\\nGov. Lovelace, at New York, in 1673.\\nJohn Biddle.\\nJames Lasley.\\nJohn Becker.\\nJames Lasley.\\nGeorge C. Ketchum.\\nJames Lasley.\\nMACKINAC COUNTY, CLERKS.\\nClerks of the County from its organization in 1818:\\n1818-21 Thomas Lyon. 1855-58 John Becker,\\n1833-34 F. HiNCHMAN. 1859-68\\n1825-46 Jonathan P. King. 1864\\n1847-52 P. C. Kevan. 1865-\\n1853-54 Wm. M. Johnston.\\nWm. M. Johnston.\\nCharles O Mallet.\\nJohn Biddle.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "THE GIANT FAIRIES.\\nLong years before the white man came into these regions,\\nmany fairies lived here, rollicking fairies, who laughed and\\ndanced and sung their lives away.\\nEvery flower and bush and tree, every rock and hill and\\nglen, was thickly peopled with these canny folk, and on\\nmoonlight nights all the Indians in their wigwams sat in\\nbreathless attention\\nThen they hear, now sweet and low,\\nSounds as of a distant lyre,\\nTouciied by fairy hands so light\\nThat the trembling tones scarce ai e heard.\\nWhat the music none can tell.\\nSo unearthly and so pure,\\nBut it seems as if the notes\\nLoosened all the magic sounds\\nHeld within the tinkling grass,\\nIn the mosses and the ferns,\\nIn the vines which climb and creep,\\nIn the flowers of every hue,\\nIn the heavy-folded rose,\\nIn the violets at its feet,\\nIn the lily s gentle swing.\\nSweeping o er the lonely streams.\\nThrough the sands on deserts low.\\nThrough the snows on mountains high.\\nThrough the flowers on the plains,\\nThrough the sylvan shady bowers,\\nThrough the forests dark and hoar.\\nThrough the lofty oaks and elms,\\n[125]", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "126\\nANNALS OF FORT MAOKINAO,\\nThrough the leaves of tulip trees,\\nThrough catalpas, white with bloom,\\nThrough magnolias kingly crowned,\\nThrough the poplars, amber sweet,\\nThrough the towering cypresses,\\nPendant with the gray old mosses,\\nPatriarchs of the lowlier tribes.\\nWith the sound of laughing brooks,\\nAnd the notes of singing birds\\nSoftened by the cooing dove,\\nBy the plover s gentle dip,\\nBy the lonely, limpid rills,\\nBy the silence, deep, profound,\\nResting o er the wilderness.\\nWith the thunder s distant roar.\\nRolling, rumbling through the sky.\\nOver mountains, hills, and plains,\\nOver rivers, lakes, and seas;\\nChiming with the overture\\nIn its massive undertones,\\nMellowing, melting all its chords\\nInto dulcet harmonies;\\nInto dirge-like requiems;\\nInto rhythmic symphonies;\\nGathering all the breath of song\\nIn its weird and wayward moods;\\nIn its plaintive, touching strains;\\nIn its playful laughing trills;\\nIn its wild and fearful tones;\\nTrancing all the insect tribes,\\nHid in thicket, bush, and grove;\\nButterflies, of every hue.\\nBees, of wondrous skill and lore;\\nBeetles, puzzled, lost, and wild;\\nMites and emmets, flies and gnats,\\nMaddened, ravished, filled with joy,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFrenzied with the flush of song.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "THE GIANT FAIRIES. 127\\nBirds, in forest, tree, and copse.\\nIn the jungle, in the grass.\\nNear the lonely stream and lake,\\nOn the wing in winding iiocks,\\nWildered with the rapturous sounds,\\nPause to listen, still and mute,\\nTill the tempest rushes past,\\nO, the music O, the sweet\\nBreathing fragrance, breathing song,\\nMingling all of earth and air\\nThat can charm the wakened sense.\\nThus with odors rich and rare,\\nMusic lent its magic power.\\nDirge and requiem, ditty, lay,\\nFugue and march, and waltz and hymn\\nSilvei -toned, euphonious, grave;\\nChimes of measured step and grace,\\nDulcet strains of sweetest rhythm.\\nOvertures of matchless sweep,\\nAll that fills the hungry air,\\nAll that wakes the sleeping sense.\\nBlending with the virgin soil;\\nWith the creeping juniper,\\nWith the cedar and the pine.\\nWith the rich magnolia s bloom,\\nWith the jasmine and the grape.\\nWith the scent of early fruits;\\nSuch the music, such the air,\\nSweeping westward o er the lakes.\\nSuch, the Isle of Mackinac.\\nIt was upon the eastern rock-bound shore that the\\ngiant fairies most loved to congregate. There they skipped\\nup and down their famous stairway, and, flinging themselves\\ninto the water, would disappear in its depths, perhaps to rise\\nagain on the back of some immense sturgeon or whitefish,\\nthe reindeer of the lakes, for a race through, the sparkling\\nwater.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "128 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nThese genii lived in the many caves in the rocks. In the-\\ndepths of their quiet homes were\\nTables, crowned with daintiest food,\\nWine of berries, rich and sweet\\nBeds of eider-down and moss;\\nCI I ambers, opening to the sea.\\nFilled with sparkling stalactites\\nRubies bright, and amethysts,\\nDiamonds flashing, filled with light;\\nMarble halls and palaces\\nCorridors, of awful length.\\nStretching westward toward tbe sun,\\nOpening into distant halls,\\nWildering to the aching sight.\\nWide the pavements covered o er\\nWith the shells of every hue\\nLichens green, and red, and white,\\nSpreading wider, flush and fair,\\nSprinkled with the aureate dust\\nFound within their hidden caves.\\nTheir favorite dancing place was the platean jnst below\\nwhei e the fort now stands, and the entrance to their subter-\\nranean abode was under the immense rock that supports one\\nof the corners of the wall.\\nHere their mystic ring, was kept, and on moonlight nights-\\nthey gathered from far and near\\nAt twilight on the lonely Isle,\\nMid the rustling of the leaves,\\nAnd the chirp of dainty birds.\\nAnd the notes of whip-poor-wills,\\nOft was heard the mystic dance\\nOf Giant Fairies, lithe of step.\\nMoving in their sinuous sweep\\nTo the sounds of lute and string.\\nNow, where the rippling waters play,\\nOr on the billow s gentle swell.\\nLaughing, rollicking and free.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE GIAXT FAIKIES. 129\\nOr clambering Donan s Obelisk,\\nWith towering leap and sportive romp,\\nWith heyday pranks, and leer, and jest,\\nThey reel, and minuet, and waltz,\\nIn wassail mirth and jollit3^\\nUpon Ledyard s lofty Cuffs they pei-ch,\\nIn graceful curves they reach the Akch\\nThat hangs upon the eastern shore,\\nNow gently tripping round its base,\\nThey climb upon its rugged sides,\\nAnd sweeping o er its dizzy height,\\nWith rapid flight and easy grace.\\nThey move around the Pyramid,\\nAnd peep within its secret caves,\\nOr stand upon its star-lit shaft;\\nAnd then, away, away, away,\\nThey sweep around the grand plateau\\nThat sits enthroned upon the Isle;\\nWithin Skull Cave they barely peep,\\nRuGGLEs Pillar, they lightly touch.\\nTo Whitney s Point, they hie away,\\nThence, the Lover s Leap they climb.\\nHere the tramping fe fet were heard\\nOf the Pe-quod-e-nonge dance.\\nWhen the gathering warriors came\\nPlumed and painted for the fight;\\nAnd the startling yell was heard\\nO er the Island o er the straits,\\nO er the waters, deep and clear.\\nO er the Huron and its shores,\\nO er the breezy Michigan;\\nSuddenly La Salle s morning gun from the Griffon ran^\\nout on the breeze and echoed and re-echoed witli many re-\\nverberations from the adjacent shores.\\nWith horrible shrieks and cries and groans they flew from\\nall parts of the island, and entering their cave disappeared\\nevermore from mortal view.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "130 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nReluctantly they left the Isle\\nWhen the pale faces touched upon\\nTheir native waters, rocks, and hills;\\nFor only will they deign to dwell\\nWhere the wild hunter seeks his food\\nAnd claims the forest all his own.\\nI sing of the fairies fled,\\nI know not where they are.\\nWhether living, dying, or dead.\\nOn the earth, or some distant star.\\nIn the hollow wastes, or the vacant caves.\\nIn the shadowy, dreamless land,\\nWhere the river of Lethe gently laves\\nIts footless and dusky sand,\\nFar, far away is the spectral band.\\nOver the silent moor,\\nOver the secret dell,\\nOver the waters fresh and pure\\nWith music s magic spell.\\nHither and thither they went.\\nNow rapid, or grave, or slow,\\nTill the drowsy hours were spent\\nAnd the morning began to glow.\\nBut we see them now no more,\\nWe hear them not at even.\\nBy river, or lake, or lonely shore,\\nBeneath the western heaven.\\nAnd thus have the fairies left our shore,\\nTheir beautiful forms we shall see no more;\\nThe caves are forsaken, the mountain and plain,\\nOur Island home shall greet them\u00e2\u0080\u0094 never again.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "PRIESTS. 131\\nPRIESTS.\\nThe following Priests of the Roman Catholic Clinrch have\\nserved at Michilimackinac\\nThe dates opposite their names indicate the first and last\\nyear of their stay or, as the case may be, of their visits\\nfor many of them made only occasional visits, having other\\nparishes, or missions, in their charge. Their names are\\nmarked thus\\nThe first church on the main land, north of the Strait,\\nwas built in 1671 the second about 1674 burnt in 1706.\\nThe present church was built in 1838.\\nThe first church on the main land, south of the Strait, was\\nbuilt about 1712, when the post was re-established the\\nsecond, about 1741.\\nThe first church on the island was built about 1785. It\\noccupied a part of the old cemetery on Astor street. The\\nsecond was erected in 1827, on the site of the present one,\\non land donated by Mrs. Magdalene Laframboise.\\nThe present building was erected in 1873.\\nBeneath the altar are the graves of Mrs. Magdalene\\nLaframboise, her only daughter, and grandson, Langdon\\nPierce (wife and son of Capt. Benjamin K. Pierce, U. S. A.).\\nOn the marble slabs over their graves are the following\\ninscriptions\\nMagdalene Laframboise, died April 14th, 1846, aged 66 years.\\nJosephine Pierce, died November 24th, 18 30.\\nIn Ancient Michilimackinac (St. Ignace).\\n1670. Rev. Father Dablon, S. J. (or possibly Marquette.)\\n1671-73. Rev. Father James Marquette, S. J.\\n1673 Rev. Father Philip Pierson, S. J.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "132 ANNALS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\n1674 Rev. Father Henr}^ Nouvel, S. J.\\n1677 Rev. Father J. Enjah-an, S. J.\\n1680-81. Rev. Father Louis Hennepin, Franciscan.*\\n16?? Rev. Father De Carheil, S. J.\\n16??-1706. Rev. Father J. Marest, S. J.\\nIn Old Mackinac (Lower Michigan).\\n1708 Rev. Father J. Marest, S. J.\\n1741-52. Rev. Father J. B. Lamorinie, S. J.*\\n1741-65. Rev. Father Du Jaunay, S. J.\\n1742-44. Rev. Father C. G. Coquarz, S. J.*\\n1753-61. Rev. Father M. L. Lefrauc. S. J.\\n1768-75. Rev. Father Gibault, Vic. -Gen. of Illinois.*\\nOn the Island and in Modern St. Ignace.\\n1786-87. Rev. Father Payet, of Illinois.*\\n1794. Rev. Father Ledru, Dominican, of France.*\\n1796. Rev. Father Levadoux, of Detroit, Vic. -Gen. of the Bishop\\nof Baltimore.*\\n1799-1823. Rev. Father G. Richard, Curate of St. Ann, Detroit, and\\nVicar-General.*\\n1801. Rev. Father J. Dilhet.*\\n1816-18. Rev. Father Joseph Crevier, of Canada.*\\n1825-27. Rev. Father Francis Vincent Badiu of St. Joseph s.*\\n1827-30. Rev. P. J. De Jean, of Little Traverse Bay.*\\n1829-31. Rt. Rev. Edward Fenwick, Bishop of Cincinnati.*\\n1830. Rev. Father Mallon, of Cincinnati.\\n1830-83. Rev. Father Samuel Mazzuchelli, Dominican.\\n1830-38. Rev. Father Frederic Rese, Vic. -Gen. of Cincinnati, Bishop\\nof Detroit, 1834.*\\n1831-65. Rev. Father Frederic Baraga, of Little Traverse Bay.\\nAfterwards (1853-68) Bishop of Sault Ste. Marie and\\nMarquette.*\\n1833. Rev. Father J. Lostrie.\\n1833-34. Rev. Father Francis Hatscher, Redemptorist\\n1838-43. Rev. Father Santi Santelli.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "PRIESTS.\\n133\\n1834-m Rev. Father F. J. Bouduel.\\n1843-45. Rev. Father C. Skolla, Franciscan.\\n1845. Rev. Father H. Vau Renterghem.\\n1845-52. Rt. Rev. P. Lefevre, Bishop of Detroit.*\\n1846-74. Rev. Father A. D. Piret, retired to Chenaux. 1870.\\n1852. Rev. Father Fraocis Pierz, of Little Ti a verse Baj\\n185-1-57. Rev. Father E. L. M. Jahan.\\n1858-01. Rev. Father Patrick B. Murray.\\n1861-67. Rev. Father Henry L. Thiele (two terms).\\n1868. Rev. Father Charles Magne.\\n1868-71. Rev. Father Matthias Orth.\\n1869-70. Rev. Father Philip S. Zorn, of Grand Traverse Bay.*\\n1870-71. Rev. Father Nicolas L. Sifferath, of Cross Village.*\\n1871. Rev. Father Charles Vary, S. J., of Sault Ste. Marie.*\\n1871-79. Rt. Rev. Ignatius Mrak, Bishop of Marquette.*\\n1871-72. Rev. Father L. B. Lebouc.\\n1872-73. Rev. Father Moses Mainville.\\n1873-83. Rev. Father Edward Jacker.\\n1875-78. Rev. Father William Dwyer.\\n1878-79. Rev. Father John Braun.\\n1879-81. Rev. Father John C. Kenny.\\n1880-81. Rev. Father C. A. Richard.\\n1880-82. Rt. Rev. John Vertin, Bishop of Marquette.*\\n1881. Rev. Father Bonaveuture Frey, Prov. Cap. Order.*\\n1881-82. Rev. Father Kilian Haas, O. M. Cap.\\n1881-82. Rev. Father Isidore Handtmann, O. M. Cap.\\n1882-84. Rev. Father John Chebul.\\n1883. Rev. Father Joseph Niebling.\\n1883-84. Rev. Father P. G. Tobin.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF MISHINI-MAKINAC. 135\\nLEGEND OF MISHINI-MAKINAK.\\nNote There is a tradition that many centuries ago while\\na party of Indians were standing on the bluff where St.\\nIgnace is now located, and looking out over the straits\\nthey saw the present Island of Mackinac rising out of the\\nwater, and beliving it was some animal, from its movements\\nand shape they pronounced it to be a turtle.\\nThe Island was known to the early French visitors as\\nMichilimackinac: popular tradition says that the meaning\\nof the word is Giant Turtle,\\nIn the Ojibwa dialect as now spoken, Mishimikinak\\nsignifies Big Turtle.\\nEdisoked. A story teller one who repeats and hands\\ndown the tales of Mena-bosho and other kindred legendary\\nlore.\\nEh heh Eh heh is the usual refrain of Indian magic\\nsongs.\\nWhere the restless currents of Michigan\\nThe twin-born Huron embrace,\\nAlong the headland there sat a clan\\nOf the wild Ojibwa race.\\nIn the noontide calm, on the sleepy shore,\\nReposed the lords of the land,\\nWhile the story-teller s mystic lore\\nBeguiled the simple band.\\nThus spake the prattling Edisoked;\\nA wigwam stands in the deep;\\nEnchanted lies in the channel s bed\\nThe Giant Turtle asleep.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "130 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nAround him paddle whitefish and trout,\\nTlie slow worm creeping goes;\\nThe sea-gull s scream and the i-over s shout\\nBreak not his cliarmed repose.\\nRise up, rise up, O Turtle grey;\\nRise up, thou chief of the lake,\\nThy cousins call thee, eh heh! eh heh!\\nEnchanted Turtle, awake.\\nThe lake lay calm and the wind was hush d,\\nBut lo! there rose a swell;\\nThe surges over the pebbles rushed\\nThe song had broken the spell.\\nIt heaves; it eddies. Alack! Alack!\\nThe breakers tower and fall;\\nUnwieldy Mishini-makinak\\nToils up to answer the call.\\nAlready whitens the flood mid-way\\nTwixt shore and shore. On the strand,\\nAlong the headland, in blank dismay\\nThe brown Ojibwa stand.\\nAnd slowly, softly the rounded back\\nEmerging meets the eye,\\nTill all of MiSHINl-MAKIXAK\\nLies basking neath the sky.\\nHe floats, a mammoth in turtle shape,\\nAn overturned bowl, the back;\\nThe dragging tail a fleshy cape.\\nThe jowl a headland black.\\nThe mighty shell like an island lies,\\nAt anchor out in the lake.\\n*Tis not an isle. O strange surprise!\\nTis the Chief uncharmed, awake!\\nUnmoved, alike, by the billow s sweep,\\nBy the tempest s battering shock,\\nSevere and calm in the azure deep,\\nHe stands a lowerino; rock.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "LEGEND OF MISll INl-MAKIN AK. 18\\nBut alert within that frowning form\\nThe spirit blithe and gay,\\nWith fairy sprites, that round him swarm,\\nCommunes by night and day.\\nThe dappled trout and the whitefish come\\nUp-Iake, down over the Falls;\\nHis children all from their silent home\\nTo the gay carouse he calls.\\nThe Red Man eager yet doubtful, while\\nThe silver tide runs past,\\nEnticed, bewitched, to the magic isle\\nHis birch bark paddles at last.\\nAnd one there comes in robe of black,\\nWith face so sweet and grave.\\nThat frowning Mishini-makinak\\nSmiles on hira from the wave.\\nWith toilworn feet, a pilgrim quaint,\\nThe holy cross in his hand\\nFrom la belle Pr((nce he comes, good saint,\\nTo sleep on the rocky strand.\\nAnd over the waves as the chief grows old,\\nIn storm or sunshine gay.\\nThe LiLv, Lion and Eagle bold\\nTlieir homage come to pay.\\nOn hoary Mishini-makinak\\nTheir several flags unfurl.\\nWhile wrestling, each from the giant s back\\nThe other seeks to hnrl.\\nOh! sure is the flight to the mother bee\\nOf the humming swarms of the hive;\\nBut surer, swifter, from land and sea,\\nThe Chieftain s vassals arrive.\\nFrom prairies far and their burning heat,\\nFrom Hudson s shivering bay;\\nFrom the western peaks, at the Giant s feet\\nThey flock their wealth to lay.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "138 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nThe skiff, the light canoe, the smack,\\nThe merchant s ship in their wake,\\nAll bound for Mishini-makinak\\nAre plowing river and lake.\\nBright, broken dream! It calls not back\\nThat gay ehivalric time:\\nWilt thou still honor old Makinak,\\nAge of the dollar and dime\\nBehold the answer! Do not these things\\nArabian marvels eclipse?\\ny On comes on comes, as on eagle s wings,\\nA fleet of wingless ships\\nWith panting bosom, with splashing gait,\\nWith dull monotonous roar,\\nThey come, their frolicsome human freight\\nIn the Sorcerer s lap to pour.\\nThere all, in sweet oblivion lost,\\n(The touch of witcliery s wand.)\\nTheir ailments ofi^er a holocaust\\nAt Giant Tuetle s command.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "MACKINAC ISLAND. LAKE NAVIGATION.\\n13b\\nMACKINAC ISLAND.\\nHeight above the Straits\\nof Mackinac.\\nFort Mackinac Parade 150 feet.\\nFort Holmes\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Platform 330\\nTop of Pyramid Kock 285\\nDonan s Obelisk 135\\nRobertson s Folly 138\\nHighest Point of Arch Rock. 150\\nTop of Arch 140\\nButtress facing lake at Arch Rock 110\\nLover s Leap 145\\nLower Plateau of Island 150\\nUpper Plateau of Island 295\\nLAKE NAYIGATIOK\\nDistances from Mackinac Island by Watbb.\\n{Steamboat Routes.)\\nMiles.\\nAlpena 125\\nAshland, L. S 570\\nBayfield, L. S 585\\nBeaver Islands 45\\nBois Blanc Island 3\\nCheboygan, Mich 18\\nChenaux Islands 15\\nChicago 375\\nCross Village BO\\nDetour 40\\nDetroit 370\\nDuluth, L. S 675\\nEagle Harbor, L. S. 425\\nEagle River, L. S 435\\nGrand Island, L. S 225\\nMiles.\\nHarrisville 155\\nL Anse 335\\nMackinaw City 7\\nMarquette, L. S 260\\nMilwaukee 290\\nOntonagon, L. S 495\\nOscoda 175\\nPetoskey 60\\nPort Huron 300\\nPortage Lake, L. S 360\\nRound Island 1\\nSand Beach 235\\nSault Ste. Marie 90\\nSt. Ignace 5\\nTraverse City 120", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "140\\nAJSrjSfALiS OF FOKT MACKINAC.\\nSUMMER AND WINTER.\\nThe Maximum and Minimum temperature at Fort Mackinac during the\\nsummers and winters specified from observations taken with a\\nFahrenheit thermometer at 7 A. M.\\nSimimer\\nof\\nDeg. above\\nZero.\\n1855 September 8 67\\n1856 July 26 75\\n1857 July 36 75\\n1858 August 18 74\\n1859 July 18 76\\n1860 August 3 69\\n1868 July 17 79\\n1869 August 2 66\\n1870 July 18 69\\n1871 August 7 75\\n1872 July 2 74\\n1873 July 23 73\\n1874 September 12 71\\n1875 September 1 68\\n1876 August 14.\\n1877.\\n.74\\n.July 28 77\\n76\\n1878 August 9\\n1879 July 15 75\\n69\\n78\\n71\\n66\\n1880 August 8....\\n1881 September 5.\\n1883 July 35\\n1883 August 18.\\nWinter\\nof\\n1855-6 March 9,\\n1858-9 January 9,\\n1859-60. .January 31,\\n1860-1 February 7,\\n1867-8 February 27,\\n1868-9 March 4,\\n1869-70. .February 31,\\n1870-1 Februarys,\\n1871-2 Dec. 20,\\n1873-3 February 23,\\n1873-4 January 30,\\n1874-5 February 9,\\n1875-6 February 2,\\n1876-7 January 13,\\n1877-8 January 7,\\n1878-9 February 37,\\n1879-80 .February 1,\\n1880-1 January 14,\\n1881-3.. January 33,\\n1883-3 January 33,\\n1883-4 January 24,\\nDe^. below\\nZero.\\n1856.... 19\\n1859\\n...25\\n1860.\\n...10\\n1861.\\n...34\\n1868.\\n...34\\n1869.\\n...10\\n1870.\\n...10\\n1871.\\n...13\\n1871.\\n...14\\n1873.\\n...17\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n...10\\n...34\\n1876.\\n...17\\n1877.\\n...14\\n1878.\\n....8\\n1879\\n20\\n1880.\\n1881.\\n1883.\\n1883.\\n.8\\n...33\\n...18\\n...10\\n1884.\\n...18", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "NAVIGATION. DISTANCES FROM ST. IGNACE.\\n141\\nNAVIGATION STRAITS OF MACKINAC.\\nArrival op First Steamboat at Mackinac Island.\\n1854 April 25\\n1855.\\n1856.\\n1857.\\n1858.\\n1859.\\n.May\\n.May\\n.May\\nApril\\nApril\\n1860 April 10\\n1861 April 25\\n1862 April 18\\n1863 April 17\\n1864 April 23\\n1865 April 21\\n1866 April 29\\n1867 April 23\\n1868 April 19\\n1869 April 23\\n1870.\\n1871.\\n1872.\\n1873.\\n1874.\\n1875.\\n1876.\\n1877.\\n1878.\\n1879.\\n1880.\\n1881.\\n1882.\\n1883.\\n1884.\\n.(No\\nApril 3\\nApril 3\\nApril 25\\nApril 30\\nApril 29\\nMay 5\\nApril 22\\nApril 20\\nrecord.)\\nApril 22\\nApril 3\\nMay 3\\nMarch 9\\nApril 21\\nApril 18\\nDISTANCES FROM ST. IGNACE, MICH.\\nVIA D., M. MARQUETTE R. R.\\nNewberry,\\nSeney,\\nMunising,\\nAu Train,\\nMarquette,\\nNegaunee,\\nIshpeming,\\nMich.\\nMiles.\\n54\\n75\\n108\\n121\\n150\\n162\\n165\\nRepublic,\\nL Anse,\\nHaucock,\\nHoughtou,\\nCalumet,\\nLake Linden,\\nMich.\\n185\\n213\\n244\\n244\\n257\\n267", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "U A\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nDISTA]N CES FROM MACKINAW CITY,\\nVIA\u00e2\u0080\u0094 MICH. CENTRAL R. R.\\nTo Miles.\\nAlbany, N. Y 841\\nBattle Creek, Mich 840\\nBay City, Mich 183\\nBeaver Lake, Mich 123\\nBinghampton, N. Y 751\\nBoston, Mass 1042\\nBuffalo, N. Y 543\\nCheboygan, Mich 16\\nChicago, 111 505\\nCincinnati, 552\\nCleveland, O 463\\nColumbus, O 474\\nDetroit, Mich 391\\nFort Wayne, Ind 395\\nFreedom, Mich 6\\nGaylord, Mich 63\\nGrayling, Mich 90\\nHagersville, Ont 463\\nIndian River, Mich 34\\nIndianapolis, Ind 561\\nJackson, Mich 395\\nKalamazoo, Mich 3G3\\nLansing, Mich 359\\nLouisville, K}^ 662\\nMackinac Island (by water). 7\\nTo Miles.\\nMullet Lake, Mich 22\\nNewYork, N. Y 983\\nNiagara Falls, N. Y 521\\nNiagara Falls, Ont 517\\nNiles, Mich 411\\nOtsego Lake, Mich 71\\nOwosso, Mich 232\\nPinconning, Mich 163\\nRochester, N. Y. 613\\nRoscommon, Mich 105\\nSt. Helen s, Mich 117\\nSt. Louis, Mo 737\\nSt. Thomas, Ont 404\\nSaginaw City, Mich 196\\nSaratoga, N. Y 846\\nSpringfield, Mass 944\\nStandish, Mich 155\\nSummit, Mich 138\\nSuspension Bridge, N. Y 519\\nSyracuse, N. Y 694\\nToledo, O 350\\nTopinabee, Mich 2 J\\nToronto, Ont 526\\nUtica, N. Y 740\\nZilwaukee, Mich 192", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FRENCH GEOGRAPHICAL\\nNAMES.\\nAkbre Ceoche, a French translation of the Ottawa\\nWaga7iaMs% which properly means the top of that\\ntree is crooked. A large tree of that description for-\\nmerly stood on the height west of Middle Village and to\\nthat neighborhood the term Arbre Ci^oche was applied\\nuntil about 1828, when it was transferred to the Ottawa\\nsettlement at Little Traverse, now Harbor Springs, Mich.\\nAssiNNiBoiNE. From the Ojibwa Assinibwan, Stone-\\nSioux. The tribe a branch of the Dakota family is said\\nto have received this name from the nature of the country\\nit formerly inhabited.\\nThe term is composed of Assin, a stone, and Bwan,\\nSioux, or Dakota.\\nBat de Noc. Corrupted from the French, Bay des\\nNoquets^ Noquet Bay. The small tribe or clan of the\\nWoqitet, or Noquai Indians, was found in that neighbor-\\nhood by the first French explorers. Later on they were\\nmerged into the tribe of the Bawitigowininiwag (Men of\\nthe Stream lashed into Dust), or Saut Indians. Noke^\\nthe totem of the clan, is the sirloin of a bear.\\nCheboygan, also Sheboygan. From Jibaigan (pronounced\\nZhe-lah-e-gan), or Jabaigan, a passage way by water. It\\nconveys the idea, to the Indian mind, of a short route by\\nwnter by which some distant point may be reached, other\\ntlian l)y the main water highway.\\n145", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "146 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nOhegoimegon, (Ashland Bay, Wis.), jjroperly Shagawami-\\ngong, a long-stretched tongue of land, or shallows, over\\nwhich the waves break.\\nCHBNAuk (plural of chenal) channels.\\nCross Village, the translation of the French La Croix,\\nThe Cross. The settlement obtained its name from a\\nlarge wooden cross, planted by one of the early missionaries\\non the bluff where the village now stands.\\nThe Indian name is Anamiewatigong^ at the Tree of\\nPrayer.\\nEscanaba. From the Indian Ishkonabe^ the end of the\\ngood (sandy) beach.\\nGros Cap. Big Point, evidently so called on account\\nof its elevation and massy form.\\nThe Indian name is Nedinang, a compound of ne\\nand dina^ two forraatives, the first referring to a point,,\\nthe second to a height of land. Nedina^ there is a high\\npoint Nedinang^ at the high point.\\nIsHPEMiNG. An Indian name given by the whites to a\\nvillage (now city) located a few miles above Negaunee.\\nIshpiming means above, or on high.\\nKenosha. Indian ginoje^ or kinoje (pronounced he-no-\\nzha)^ a pike. Perhaps from a chief of that name.\\nKeweenaw. From the Indian Kaklweonan, a short cut\\nacross a point of land. The term refers to the route by\\nPortage river and lake across the Keweenaw peninsula.\\nL Anse, the small bay or the head of the bay, the\\ntranslation of the Indian loihwed.\\nLake Agogeebic. Agogeebic is a corruption of Agogi-\\nhi)ig, and this is the locative case of Agogib, or Agogibi,\\nthe O jibwa name of the lake. In practical use the word", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FRENCH GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 147\\nseldom occurs otherwise than in the loca* ive case. This\\naccounts for the ending io in the anglicized form,\\nhaving been substituted for\\nIn a similar manner the word Wisconsin has been\\ncoined out of the Indian term, Wishkonsing, which is\\nthe locative of Wishkons,^ the 6 n, to be pronounced\\nas in French.\\nLake Agogeebic received its name from a certain aquatic\\nplant, called agogih, which is said to be found in it, most\\nlikely in the north-western corner, where the water is quite\\nshallow. The plant is perhaps the same as our water\\nflannel, a species of conferv83, which forms beds of\\nentangled filaments on the surface of the water.\\nThe term agogib is a compound of two formatives,\\nagog and *5. Agog, also agogw, and agvmgo, im-\\nplies the idea of something sticking, especially to surfaces,\\nas in agwagwissin, it is monldy, agwagohikad, it is\\nrusty, agogin^ it cleaves to something.\\nIh,^ also Ji, Ji- id ^?\u00c2\u00bbi, refer to water, and liquids\\ngenerally. For example, nibi, water, takib^ a spring,\\nanamihing, under the water, ghcashkwehi, he is drunk.\\nAgogib accordingly means something sticking to water,\\nor, covering the surface of water. Water-mould would\\nbe a sort of literal translation.\\nThe original name of the lake, was Agogibi-Sagaigfui,\\nWater-mould Lake.\\nIn the Cree dialect, the corresponding term akwakupi-\\nsakaigan^ is still in ordinary use for any body of stagnant,\\nwater covered with similar ulants.\\nAmong the Ojibwa, the term appears to be less generally\\nknown, or understood; hence the want of accord in the many\\nattempts that have been made to explain the meaning of the\\nM oi-d Agogeebic.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "148 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nLake Michigami, or Meshigami, means the branch-\\ning lake, and is so called from its form. It may also be\\ntranslated great lake.\\nLake Yieux Desert. French translation of the Indian\\nGetekitigan (pronounced ga-ta-ke-te-gan), old garden.\\nOn an island in the lake there are traces of gardening,\\nconsidered by some to be of pre-historic origin.\\nLake Winnebago. The Indians now call it Winibigo-\\nSagaigan, the lake of the Winnebago Indians but the\\noriginal name was Winibi (pronounced loin-ne-he), dirty\\nwater in the locative case, Winihing, or, in the southern\\nAlgonquin dialects, Winibig the same as Winipeg, which\\nis the Cree form of the same word.\\nFrom the lake, the Winnebago Indians, who lived in that\\nneighborhood before they moved to G reen Bay, received\\ntheir Algonquin name, and the early French, being informed\\nof the fact that the tribe had formerly lived on the dirty\\nwater, were led into the erroneous belief that the tribe had\\nformerly lived on the sea, or on salt water, which the Indians\\nalso called dirty water.\\nThis circumstance accounts for Nicolet s much discussed\\nassertion that on his voyage to Green Bay he was within\\nthree days journey of the sea.\\nA three days sail would have brought him to Wijiibig\\nthe dirty water.\\nThe assumption that he reached a point within three days\\njourney of either the Wisconsin or the Mississippi, and mis-\\ntook the Mishisibi the great river for the ocean, is\\nimprobable.\\nNo one acquainted with the Algonkin tongues, as he was,\\nwould have made such a mistake, for Sibi never means any\\nother than running water.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FKENCH GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 149\\nManitou Payment. A French corruption of the Ojibwa\\nManito Birnwa, the shooting of the Spirit.\\nIndian tradition relates that on tlie fine sandy beach east\\nof Manitou Payment Point, Mena- hosho^ after transforming\\nhimself into a tall tree, lay in wait for his enemy, the Great\\nBear of the Lake, and as he slept on the beach, after gam-\\nboling for some time with his fellow spirits, shot an arrow\\nthrough his heart.\\nA tall pine tree overlooking the Ponlfettes settlement and\\nvisible from a great distance has, in the Indian mind, some\\nsort of a connection with that fabulous event.\\nManitowoc. From the Indian Manitoioctk., tree of the\\nSpirit, i. e., the Cross.\\nThe Pottawattamie Indians, who inhabited that neighbor-\\nhood in the second half of the 17th century, erected a large\\nCross in one of the settlements, hence the name.\\nMenominee. From Manoraini, or Omanomini, the Ojib-\\nwa name of the tribe called in their own dialect, Omano-\\nmineu (pronounced O-tnan-o-me-oia-oo), and by the French,\\nLes Folles Avolnes, Wild Rice Indians. Manomin is\\nthe Ojibwa name of the zizania aquatlca, or wild rice.\\nMichigan. From the Indian Mishiigan (pronounced\\nme-she-e-gan) a clearing Mishi, Hrewood Mishiige^\\nhe gathers firewood Mishiigan, a place where wood\\nlias been cut, or, a clearing. The name is first men-\\ntioned in tlie Relations of 1670, p. 97.\\nThe form Machihiganing, as given there, is in the Ottawa\\ndialect and in the locative case. There were at the time of\\nthe earliest French visitors, large clearings on the east and\\nwest shores of the northern part of Lake Michigan.\\nThe French were the first to transfer the name of the\\nshores to the lake itself. The original Indian name was\\nIninowe-Kitchigami^ i. e., Great Water of the Illinois", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "150 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nthe Indians still call Lake Superior Otchlpwe-KitchigaTni^\\nGreat Water of the Chippewas and Lake Huron Otawa-\\nKitchajand, Great Water of the Ottawas from the prin-\\ncipal tribes on their shores. The explanation that Michigan\\ncomes from MishigaTni, Big Lake, is erroneous.\\nMicHiPicoTEN, or Michipicoton, is corrupted from the\\nOjibwa name, Mishiplkwadiiia^ which means there is\\nhigh land in the form of a large knob, or a big bluff.\\nThis term is a compound of three formatives, 7m.sA*,\\nlarge, piko, or pikwa, a ball, or a knob, and dina,\\nthere is high land.\\nAccording to Farmer s map, Michipicoton Island reaches\\nat both extremities a height of 800 feet. This accounts for\\nthe name. From the island the name has been transferred\\nto a neighboring bay and river.\\nPekwatinong^ properly Pil:wadinang, the locative of\\nPikwadina, the name under which Old Mackinac ap-\\npears in Indian history and legend, has the same meaning,\\nless the additional descriptive misM, large.\\nThe term refers to the high land, or bluff, west of\\nMackinaw City.\\nMiLLECOQUiN, anglicized Milakoka, corrupted from the\\nOjibwa Jfinagwakmg, or Minagoking, where there is a\\ngood smell, namely, of tish caught by Indian travelers,\\nwho were always certain of making a good haul in that neigh-\\nborhood.\\nMilwaukee. The Indian name is Minewag (pronounced\\n7nin-na-wag). This is the locative case of Minewa, which\\nmight be translated there is a good point, or, there is a\\npoint where huckleberries grow.\\nSome Indians derive the name from Menwe, cumin, or\\nsome similar herb of strong and aromatic scent, which is\\nsaid to grow wild in that vicinity. The full name of the", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "INDIA.V AND FRENCH GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 151\\nriver is Minewagi-Sih% hence the forms Melleoki^ and\\nMilwaukee.\\nMisHiNiMAKiNA (Mackinac Island). We will consider\\nthe popular explanations, Big Turtle, Island of the\\nGiant Fairies, and Island of the Dancing Fairies.\\nThe usual rendering, Big Turtle, agrees well with the\\nIndian legend according to which the Island of Mackinac\\nwas originally a Manitou in the shape of a giant turtle.\\nAs it is said that Menahosho was the maker of a new world,\\nand was horn on the Big Turtle Island, this explanation of\\nthe term is rather tempting might it not serve to connect\\nthe Indian legend with Asiatic cosmogony according to\\nwhich the world rests on a giant turtle f\\nThere is, however, one great difficulty, Big Turtle,\\nin the western Algic dialects, would be mishi-7nikinah, and\\nthe name of the Island is Mishi-nimahina. In the loca-\\ntive case the difference is still greater: Mishi-mikhiahong\\nand Mishi-nimakinang\\nThe insertion of the sj^llable m, and the absence of\\nthe final k in Mishinimakina can only be accounted\\nfor by the assumption of two ancient forms mishini for\\nmishi^ and makina for TmikinakP There is a bare\\npossibility that these forms were once in use.\\nIsland of the Giant Fairies. In a manner this ren-\\ndering may be accepted. According to Indian belief, the\\nMishinimakina-gog, i. e., the people of Mishinimakinay\\nare solitary wanderers, whose presence in the woods is\\nbetrayed by the report of tiieir guns, to see them being\\nimpossible a kind of Indian fairies.\\nThe fact underlying this belief, apparently of modern\\norigin, may possibly have been the fate of the broken-up\\nti ibe or band of the Mishininiaki Indians, who, perhaps^\\npreferred a solitary life in the woods to being absorbed by\\nother tribes. This however is a mere surmise.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "152\\nANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nIsland of the Dancing Fairies. This explanation rests\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2on the pi esence of the syllable nim in the name of the\\nisland. Ifishi, great nimi, he dances aki, land\\nhence, 31ishinimaki, the great dancing land.\\nFrom being the name of the place, it became that of the\\ninhabitants, as in the case of the Ahenahi WahanaM,\\nEastland, also Eastlander and finally Misldnimakina^\\nthe home of the people of the great dancing land, was\\nformed.\\nOn etymological grounds the derivation of the name\\nfrom the root niin is hardly admissible for the i in\\nthis root is long, while the corresponding vowel in Mish-\\ninimakina is short. Besides, the proper way of compounding\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0nim with akV would be nimiioaM dancing land.\\nMoNASTiQUE Manistique (Rivcr). From the French\\nLa Manistique. The Indian name is Onamanitigo-Sihi,\\nYermilion River.\\nMuNisiNG. An Indian name given by the whites to a town\\non the shore opposite G-rand Island, Lake Superior. The\\nterm is intended for Tninissing, the locative case of miniss,\\nisland. Manattan is the same word in one of the eastern\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2dialects.\\nNaubinway Ndbinwe ecJio.\\nThe prefix nab implies repetition or imitation the verb\\ninwe means he gives out a sound, or he speaks in a cer-\\ntain manner; hence Nalnivwe he repeats a sound, or he\\neays the same thing again.\\nAn Indian by the name of Nahimoe formerly lived at the\\nplace which bears his name.\\nNegaunee. The result of an attempt to translate the\\nword Pioneer. Pioneer Furnace was the original\\nname of the settlement.\\nThe Indian nigani, means he walks foremost.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FRENCH GEOGKAPHICAL NAMES. lo S-\\nNoTTAWA. Indian, Naclowe (pronounced nad-o-wa) the-\\nname given by the Algonkin tribes to both Iroquois and\\nHurons.\\nIt is also the name of a species of snake.\\nOdjibwe -O -jib-vm (English Chippewa) etymologically\\nmeans one who drinks while holding th\u00c2\u00a7 liquid at thfr\\nextremity of the lips, e., by sipping. The word is not\\nin practical use but, if an Indian holds a bowl of soup to\\nhis mouth and then draws in or sips the soup, they will\\nsometimes for a joke, say odjihwe-mmihwe^^ he drinks\\nin Ojibwa fashion.\\nWhy, when and where the term was applied to the tribe,\\nis unknown.\\nOntonagan River. Indian, Nindonagan, my dish.\\nThe origin of the name is given in Baraga s dictionary as\\nfollows\\nA squaw once went to this river to fetch water with an\\nIndian earthen dish, but unfortunately the dish escaped from,\\nher hand and went to the bottom of the river, whereupon\\nthe poor squaw began to lament Nia, nind onagan, nind\\nonagmi, Ah, my dish my dish. Such is the Indian\\ntradition.\\nOttawa. Indian Otawa (pronounced o-tah-wau, the second\\nsyllable being long).\\nThe meaning of the word is doubtful. Most Algonkin\\ntribes are named after their ancient homes. If such be the\\ncase with the Ottawas, their name may possibly be derived\\nfrom the root law or tmva, an opening, a gap, a pas-\\nsage through, and refer to the strait which separates Mani-\\ntoulin, the home of the tribe before its dispersion in 1650,.\\nfrom the northern main land.\\nThe prefix o, and before vowels, od, is commonly\\nused for the purpose of changing topographical names-", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "154: ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\ninto those of persons or tribes. Thus, from sagi, the\\nmouth of a river, is derived Osagi, Sauk or Sac;\\nfrom ishlcwagami, the last L^ke, is formed Odishkwa-\\ngami, Algonquin from agaming, on the other side\\nof the water, Odagami, Fox Indian.\\nSome have derived the name Otawa from atawe, he\\ntrades, or atawewinini, a trader and since the Ottawas\\nwere great fur traders, that derivation might seem applicable\\nbut the change from Atmve into Otawa, slight as it\\nmay appear to English speaking persons, is inadmissible\\nin the Algic dialects. It is true that in the form Onda-\\ntawawat, under which the tribe became first known to the\\nFrench, the letter a appears in the place of o, but\\nthat form is evidently the Huron rendering of the Algic\\nname. Hence the name Ondatawatoat was very soon\\ndropped, and Outaouacs, the plural of Otawa, in a French\\nguise, substituted.\\nPetoskey. Indian, Bidassige, the sun is coming on,\\nor it is near sunrise the name of (Ignatius Petoskey)\\nan Ottawa Indian born about 1787 near Manistee.\\nThis word is one of those compovmds peculiar to Indian\\ntongues, in which the ending of a verb indicates its sub-\\nject, e.g., toasseiassige, the sun shines, miskwassige, the\\nsun looks red.\\nThe initial formative hid implies a motion in the direction\\nof the speaker, an approach e. g. hidassin, it is driven\\nliither by the wind, hidipo, a snow storm is coming on.\\nNote. Neitoshing (the father of Petoskey), pronounced\\nna-e-tosh-mg, one who arrives in the nick of time.\\nKeway-ka-ba-wikwa (the wife of Petoskey), Giwegaha-\\nwikwe, she turns around, standing; giwe, he turns;\\ngabawi, he stands the ending hwe from aTcwe (Ottawa)\\nor ikwe (Ojibwa) shows that the bearer of the name is a\\nfemale.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FRENCH GEOGKAPHICAL NAMES. 155\\nThe masculine ending of Indian names, in the Algic\\ndialects, is inini, \u00e2\u0080\u00a2man; also nahe^ abe, abes^ and kiwis,\\ne. g. Ahitawinini, Half Man; Anishinabe, Indian;\\nKitehiaiabe, \u00e2\u0096\u00a0hig^ beast; Aiabes, little beast; Madji-\\nkiwis, first born. These endings, however, occur only\\nin a very limited number of names. The gender of most\\nmasculine proper names is sufficiently indicated by the ab-\\nsence of the feminine ending.\\nThus Pagioanegijig, Hole-in-the-sky (not Hole in\\nthe day, as commonly rendered), is masculine.\\nPagwanegijigohwe, is feminine.\\nWedjanimweivegijig, Thundering noise around the hori-\\nzon, is masculine.\\nWedjanitiiwewegijigokioe, is feminine.\\nIn a number of names ordinarily given to females, the\\nfeminine ending is likewise wanting.\\nNetas. JViids, is the Ottawa corruption of the French\\nIgnace (Ignaiitis). This never formed a part of Petoskey s\\nIndian name, but is the name which was given to him at\\nhis baptism.\\nNiids has no meaning in Indian Bidassige alone in-\\ncludes both ideas, that of the sun, and that of his\\ncoming on.\\nPoiNTE La Baebe. Beard Point, or Barb Point.\\nThe well known popular explanation ascribing the origin\\nof the name to the fact that the voyageurs, on their re-\\nturn to Mackinac, by way of Lake Michigan, used to shave\\nse faire la barbe on that point, admits of some reason-\\nable doubt. The western extremity of Pointe La Barbe\\nresembles so much a barb, i. e., the point of an arrow or fish-\\nhook, that the thought of its having been so called on that\\naccount, suggests itself very naturally. In modern French\\nthe term barbe is not used in that sense, except in", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "156 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nbotany but it had not become obsolete toward the end of\\nthe 17th century, at which time most of the prominent\\ngeographical features of the laku country received their\\nFrench appellations.\\nPoints St. Vital. Father Allouez on his journey from\\nSault Ste. Marie to Green Bay, encamped at that point on\\nthe night of the 3d and left there on the 4th of November,\\n16G9, the latter being the day on which the martyr St. Vital\\nis commemorated in the Roman office.\\nPouFFETTES. A coiTuptiou of JBoitffettes, bows (of\\nribbons) or knots, and so called from the remarkable\\ncurvatures of the shore, resembling a triple knot.\\nThe popular derivation from ejpoux faits husbands\\nmade, because numbers of couples used to be married\\nthere upon the arrival of some traveling missionary, belongs\\nto the realm of sportive etymology.\\nRabbit s Back. The Indian name is Wdbos Namadabid.,\\nsitting rabbit, from the appearance of the bluff when\\nseen at some distance. The pagan Indians were in the habit\\nof offering a sacrifice in the form of tobacco strewn on the\\nwater (when passing that point on a journey), for a spirit, or\\nrather two, which were supposed to preside over that neigh-\\nborhood.\\nWcibos N abe-Aiaa, the male rabbit, and Wahos Ikwe-\\nAiaa, the female rabbit the former being represented\\nby the higher bluff, the latter by the lower, about a mile to\\ntlie south of Rabbit s Back.\\nSaugatuck. Indian SagataJc, at the mouth (of a river).\\nSkilltgallee. a remarkable corruption of the French\\nles Isles aux Galets^ the Pebbly Islands.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "INDIAN AND FRENCH GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 157\\nSt. Ignace. named in honor of Ignatius de Loyola\\n(b. 1491, d. 1556), the founder of the order, or the Society\\nof Jesus.\\n!Nadowekweiamish, the miserable bay of the Hurons, is\\nthe Indian name of St. Ignaee. It is generally used in the\\nlocative case JVadoioehi/jeiamishing at, to, or fi-om St.\\nIgnace.\\nThe word is contracted from Nadowewikiveiamish\\nNadotoe, Huron wikioeia, there is a bay pos-\\nsessive affix; ish, vituperative and commiserative ending\\n(implying contempt or pity).\\nThis ending, apparently quite inappropriate, is accounted\\nfor by love of banter, a characteristic of the Ottawas, the\\nformer neighbors and doubtful friends of the Hurons at St.\\nIgnace. The fact of the Hurons having taken possession of\\nthe level ground surrounding East Moran Bay, before the\\narrival of the Ottawas, may have raised the envy of the\\nlatter, and thus occasioned the coining of the nickname.\\nA different explanation is given in Baraga s dictionary\\nit runs thus JVadoioekweiamish properly signifies Bad\\nbay of the Iroquois squaw.\\nAn Indian tradition says The Iroquois {Nadoioeg),\\nwho formerly possessed this Bay, were attacked there by\\ntheir enemies, and behaved like old squaws, until they were\\nall killed. From this circumstance, they say, the place\\nobtained its Indian name.\\nIf it can be established that the ending am, or eimn^\\nsignifies a bay, this explanation might be defended, although\\nit is difficult to reconcile all known facts of history with\\nthe Indian tradition.\\nThe circumstance that the former presence of the Tio-\\nnontate Hurons at St. Ignace was all but forgotten in the\\nlatter part of the last century, may have led to the inven-\\ntion of that story.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "158 ANNALS OF FORT MACKINAC.\\nNadoioe means Iroquois as well as Huron. Nad-\\nowehwe, an Iroquois squaw. Hence, if am, or eiariiy\\nsignifies a bay, Nadowekweiariblsli would be the miserable\\nbay of the Iroquois squaw.\\nSuAMico. From the Indian Onaivamikong, the locative of\\nOsawamik, yellow beaver, The settlement between\\nGreen Bay and Oconto is mentioned in the Relations of\\n1673-9.\\nTawas. From Otavxins, or Otaiods, Little Ottawa,\\nthe name of an Indian chief, who once lived in that neigh-\\nborhood.\\nWauc40shance, Wagoshes, a little fox from loagosh^\\na fox, with the diminutive ending \u00c2\u00ab?5-, or ens?\\nWaufun. The Indian spelling is Wahan (pronounced\\nwah-han). It means the early morning, or the day is\\ndawning, also east.\\nWisconsin, The Indian name for the country is Wish-\\nkons I in the locative case, Wishkonsing/ for the river,^\\nWishkonsiioi-Sihl.\\nTlie o?i has the nasal sound as in French, The mean-\\ning of Wishkons was probably a prairie, or simply grass,\\nFrom the fact that some early writers spelled it Mescon-\\nsirig,^ also Misconsin,^ it might be inferred tliat the name\\nof the river was originally MasJikossiwi-Sibi grass river.\\nPronunciation of Yowels and Consonants in the Chippewa.\\n(Algonquin) language\\na as in father.\\ne as in net.\\ng as in get.\\ni as in live.\\nas in bone.\\nj as in the French language [zh).\\ni between vowels, as y in beyond.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "View of Fort Mackinac from the Southwest.", "height": "2845", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "jAnaiiwm i^ii^No,\\nMICHIGAN.\\nKelton.\\nScale, 2 inches to 1 Mile.\\nNATIONAL P/s.1r11k^\\nKelton s Pyramii\\nI Catholic Vj-^K Fort Holmes\\nCemetery If\\nSkulMave .--.limekiln 1780\\nQuarry 1780^\\nHubbards Annes\\nLover-h^t^^^nevjTs Kitchen\\nPontiac a TOlJ^\\nin-yjrag^ound", "height": "2845", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "John -Jacob -AsTOR House\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH.\\nfeatrquarttrs of tk |imcrit;iit im~im^mq,\\ngcairquavtcr s 0f tht Jirms anir |laij|| (Bti um,\\nHE AS TOR HOUSE is conveniently located,\\nNEAR the Soiithcrri entrance to Fort Mackinac\\nis provided luith good rooms, good beds, large par-\\nlors, tzuo pianos, four billiard tables, bath rooms,\\nbarber s shop, telephones, large office and I eading\\nroom, fine vcra?idas, and an observatory on the top\\nof the m.ain building.\\nFresh Milk, Butter, Eggs, etc., da,ily fro7n the\\nAstor Farm.\\nGiles ts of this house only have access to the origi-\\nnal Books of the Old American Fur Company,\\nwhich have attracted so much attention from the\\nAntiqii.arians of Europe and America.\\nACCOMMODATIONS S FOll 500 GUESTS\\nJAMES F. CABLE,\\nJOHN R. BOGAN, Proprietor.\\nClerk.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "LiNTSFORD B. Coaxes. George T. Arnold.\\nCOATES ARNOLD S WHARF,\\nMACKINAC ISLAND, MICH,\\n%mm (111(1\\niliiJ aiii ^leaiiital l^ffeiits\\nTICKET AND TELE KAPH OFFICES ON THE DOCK,\\nALSO,\\nBaggage Eooms, and Ladies and Gents Waiting Eooms,\\nDEALERS IN\\nWood. Hard Soft Coal\\nHAY, CORN, OATS AND STRAW,\\nFresli and Salt Fisli,\\nFistL Barrels J Salt^ T-wihes^\\nAND NETTING.\\n-A-i^jvcsr .A^isriD nsr-A-^vx coDsrTE..A.CTOi?.s.\\nW m WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SKOCEK? STORE\\nWe keep on hand a large supply of the BEST FAMILY GROCERIES.\\nICE FOR SALE.\\nWe have the largest Ice House in the World, well stocked with Mackinac Ice.\\nOFFICE ON WHARF.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "TECUMSEH.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": ":EST.A.:BXiISI3:EID 1S54.\\nJOHN R.BAILEY\\nl^^^CDJ^Xl^j^G^ UVLIOH.\\nDEALER IX\\nDrugs and Medicises\\nNative and Foreign Mineral Waters, Etc.,\\n^ansts of p6fl l^acklaacj\\nBooks, Stationery, Cigars\\nAND\\nCDNFECTIDNERY.\\nPure Wines and Licjuors for Medicinal Purposes.\\nPrescriptions Carefully Compounded.\\nDR. JOHN R. BAILEY\\nU. S. EXAMINING SURGEON,\\nLaie Sii7-geon U. S. Fo/s., late attending Surgeon at Fort Mackinac.\\nOFFICE IN DBUG STORE.\\nSummer Residence, adjoining Island House, Mackinac.\\nWinter Residence, Cliffside Cottage, St. Ignace, Mich.\\nStore and Residence Connected by Telephone.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "PYRAMID ROCK,", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "c/5\\nC/3\\no\\nH\\no\\nO\\nO\\nW\\nh\\no\\no\\nh\\nen\\nQ\\nh\\nif)\\nh\\no\\nw\\nDd\\nh", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "View from Steps of P, E. Church.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "Michael McNally. Patrick Donnelly-\\nMcNallv Donnelly\\nMcJYally S Donnelly heg to inform the pub-\\nlic that they have constantly on hand the\\nfollowing provisions, which are stored in their-\\nMAMMOTH REFRIGERATORS:\\nIFE-ESH (S\u00c2\u00ab\\nBeef, Bacon, Trout, Geese,\\nMutton, Hams, Oysters, Butter,\\nVeal, Lard, Chickens, Eggs,\\nPork, Sausage, Ducks, Cheese,\\nVenison, Whitefish, Turkeys, Salt,\\nAND ALL KINDS OF\\nChoice VEGETABLES received Daily by Express.\\nVESSELS PROVISIONED AT SHORTEST NOTICE.\\nZT. S ATrrty CLrtd JSfcwy CoThtr actor s.\\nFcLstiLrcLge for Horses ctrtd. Cattle,", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "S. HIGHSTONE\\n^i/^\\nMackinac Island, Mich.\\nBest Assortment in the N^ort Invest of Rare Shells,\\nMinerals, Lake Stiperior Agates and Amethysts,\\nIndian Pipes, Wampnm, War-Clubs, Toma-\\nhawks, Scalping Knives, Indian Head\\nDresses, Bows and Arroivs,\\nEagles Feathers, Bears Claws, Porcupine Skins,\\nArrow Heads, Spears, Boomerangs, Snow-Shoes,\\nMackinac Canes, Pishing Poles, etc.,\\nAnd all kinds of CURIOSITIES.\\nA beautiful Line of Porcupine-Quill and Sweet-\\nGrass Work, Including Scented Table-Mats,\\nCanoes, Satchels, Portfolios, Reticules,\\nHandkerchief Boxes, Miniature\\nMococks of Maple Sugar,\\nCall and see Indians at Wort Making the Articles we offer for sale.\\nAnnals of port Mackinac.\\nPrice, 2S Cents. By Mail, 30 Cents.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "View in Fort.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Picturesque Mackinac Island.\\nThis Great Historic Summer Resort and Sanitarium is reached by the\\nDetroit Cleveland Steam Navigation Company\\nby their pleasant route through the lal es, with a splendid line of\\npalatial side-wheel iron steamers, the largest, swiftest and most luxu-\\nrious of any on fresh water. Steamers City of Mackinac and City of\\nCleveland leave Detroit every Wednesday and Friday morning at 10\\no clock, and Monday and Saturday nights at 22 o clock, standard time.\\nA round trip to Mackinac occupies two and three quarters days\\nfrom Detroit, or four and a half days from Cleveland. The steamers\\nstop at Mackinac Island both going and returning, which gives from\\nfour to six hours to view the wonders and curiosities, or thirty-six hours\\nmay be had by waiting for the next following steamer. As round trip\\ntickets are good to return by either steamer at any time, your stay can\\nbe prolonged as desired.\\n^5r-\u00c2\u00abriWS^*85^5i/^\\nMack inac Island, as seen from the decks of Steamers\\nA summer trip is planned for a change from the excitement of\\nbusiness and monotony of household cares to a quiet return to Nature,\\nfor rest and recreation.\\nA trip by water affords the relief sought, as no other medium will,\\nwith plenty of fresh air and ample time for a good view of the varied\\nscenery, the most attractive to be found. The cost is the least possible\\nper day, for an equal number of days recreation.\\nBetween Cleveland and Detroit the company s steamers, City of\\nDetroit and Northwest, leave every evening (except Sunday) at 20.30\\no clock from Cleveland, and 22 o clock from Detroit, arriving at either\\ncity the following morning at 5.30 o clock, in time for all early trains.\\nFolders, showing the bird s eye view of Mackinac Island and the\\nLake Route sent free, or enclose 25 cents for illustrated book, entitled,\\nA Lake Tour to Picturesque Mackinac.\\nC. D. WhitCOMB, general passenger agent,\\nNo. 6 Wayne Street, Detroit, Mich.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "Hon. T. W. FERRY, Ex-U. S. Senator.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "PRICE, TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.\\nBy Mail, SO Cents.\\n^NI^JLLS\\nFORT M^CI^IN^C\\nDWIGHT H. KELT ON,\\nU. S. ARMY.\\nISLAND EDITION.\\n188 4.\\nFOR SALE BY\\n{See Mackinac Island Advertisements)\\nPAULY DICKISON, St. Ignace, Mich.\\nL. I. WILLETS, Mackina\\\\v City, Mich.\\nJAMES ANGLIM CO., Washington, D. C.\\nROBERT CLARKE CO., Cincinnati, Ohio.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "SHABONEE.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "By H. H. HURLBUT.\\nvast number of old MSS. Schedules, Lists of\\nCp Names, Autographs, Sketches of eminent men\\nand their families, Celebrated Indians, their\\nc^ ^/Vs^^s and Treaties, Protraits, Maps and Plates,\\nall \\\\A7hich, connected ^A^ith a racy, running comment-\\nary from a free and easy pen, make up the body of\\nthe \\\\A7ork, and furnish one of the most entertaining\\nand at the same time valuable historical books yet\\npublished. It is executed in the best style of typo-\\ngraphical art, and best of all, this great storehouse\\nof historical and genealogical information is rendered\\nreadily available by an excellent index, the lack of\\n^A^hich has spoiled so many other\\\\A/-ise really valuable\\nworks. N. E. Hist, and Qeneral Register.\\nThis vdIuhie will he sentj Bxpress\\ncharges paid; tn thnss \\\\77hn may nrdBr\\nit, PricEj $7,50 C, D,\\nMiss Hattie F, Hurlhut,\\nNd, 44 SOUTH ilNN STREET,\\nCHICADD; 111,\\nPREPARING FOR THE PRESS:\\nOur Inland Seas, and Earl}^ Lake Navigation\\nBy HENRY H. HURLBUT,\\nAuthor of Chicago Antiquities.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "North Sally-Port.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "Wm. p. Preston. Thos. Dolan.\\nEverett House\\nST. IGNACE, MICHIGAN.\\nAccommodations for 200 Guests\\nThe Everett House is beautifully situated,\\nhaving a luater front, and only a short dis-\\ntance from the Railroad Depot and the princi-\\npal Steamboat Landing.\\nThe natural scenery, as vieived from the\\nEverett House, is picturesque and charming.\\nThe house contains all modern improve-\\nments.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^i\\nPRICES FAIH AND REASONABLE\\nPRESTON DOLAN,\\nWILLIAM HOWARD, Managers.\\nClerk.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "z\\n5\\no\\nh\\no\\na:\\nOh\\nQ\\nz\\nz\\np\u00e2\u0080\u0094 t\\nPd\\nD\\nDC\\nPC\\nh", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "THE GRIFFON.\\nThe First Vessel on the Upper Lakes.\\nBuilt by LaSalle, 1679.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "-THE-\\nST. IGMCE REPUBLICAN\\np. D. BISSELL, Editor.\\nST. IGNACE, MACKINAC CO., MICH.\\n^f^ PUBLISHED every Saturday morning at St.\\nf^ Ignace, the most southern point of the Upper\\nPeninsula of Michigan, at the Straits terminus of the\\nDetroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad. The\\nKepublican^ is a representative newspaper of the\\ngrowing city of St, Igxace not inaptly termed the\\nGateway City of Northerx Michigais^ having\\nfor its chief aim the diffusion of such reliable in-\\nformation regarding the city wherein published, the\\nfamed Mackhstac Island Soimer Resort, the County\\nof Mackinac, and the whole Upper Fenninsula region,\\nas will be of interest to the general reader, and con-\\ntribute to the development and settlement of a section\\nhitherto overlooked, even by the people of our own\\nCommonwealth, which offers to the farmer and the\\nlaboring man, the lumberman and miner, the tradesman\\nand manufacturer, and all conditions of men, a most\\ndesirable field for settlement and investment.\\nADVERTISING RATES.\\nPER INCH SPACE.\\nTransient Advertisements, per month, $2 00\\nSix Months, $6 00 One Year, 10 00\\nTERMS.\\nPer Year, $2 00 Six Months, $1 00", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "Col. G. S. HUBBARD.\\nProprietor of Hubbard s Annex.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "C W. CASKEY,\\nContractors Builder\\n-OF-\\nSUMMER COTTAGES,\\nAND DEALER IN\\nLUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, and ALL KINDS of BUILDING MATERIAL\\nLumber Yards at Harbor Springs, and St. Ignace, Mich.\\nHave had a large experience in tiie building and arranging of\\nSummer Cottages, having built more than looo Cottages during the\\npast tive years.\\nHaving my own Lumber Yards and Factories, I am never delayed\\nfor want of material.\\nI have a corps of skilled workmen, so that a building can be\\nerected as rapidly as the nature of the work will permit.\\nLots for sale on all the resorts of Northern Michigan, at prices\\nfrom Fifty to Six Hundred Dollars each. Any information regard-\\ning the SUMMER RESORTS will be cheerfully given, and Plans\\nand PRICES for Cottages furnished on application.\\nAddress:\\nCHAS. W. CASKEY,\\nHarbor Springs, Evimct Co., Mich.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "LITTLE TURTLE.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "STYLISH MILLINERY\\n.A-T THE\\nGlove iH AIR EMPOiiiUM\\nJSfo. 56 MONROE STREET,\\nGrand Rapids, Mich.\\nKid Gloves Fitted and Warranted.\\nCashmere and Jersey Gloves.\\nGentlemen s Kids, street and party\\nshades, Fitted and Warranted.\\nSilk and Woolen Mittens.\\nHair Goods\\nWATER WAVES, LANGTRY BANGS\\nAND SWITCHES, BARK COMBS\\nAND ORNAMENTS.\\nMANUFACTURING AND DRESSING WAVES A\\nSPECIALTY. PRICES CERTAIN\\nTO PLEASE ALL.\\nMRS. A.. LORJJ.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "ARCH ROCK.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "Ifif\\nTHE GrE.E.A.T L-A-KIE ROTJTE I\\nTHE tourists choice TO THE\\n^ummcv Resorts ot ^itlie ^ix:pfevioT.\\nTHE ONLY REGULAR LINE OF\\nBETWEEN\\nCHICAGO,\\nMIL IV A UKEE,\\nMACKINAW\\nand DULUTH\\nAnd all In-termediate Ports in the Iron and Copper District.\\nFor SAFETY, SPEED AND COMFORT UNSURPASSED.\\nELEGANTLY FURNISHED CABINS and STATEROOMS.\\nMAGNIFICENT SCENERIES.\\nUNSURPA SSED CLIMA TE. NO MALA RIA\\nA SUMMER PARADISE\\nFor further information. Time Cards and descriptive matter, call or send to\\nGENERAL OFFICES, 74 MARKET ST,.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "THIE\\nDITEMT, lACI\\nMARQUETTE WESTERN RAILROADS\\nForm, with the Michigan Central and Grand Rapids Indiana Railroads, and the\\nDetroit Cleveland Steam Navigation Co. and connections, the very shortest and\\nmost expeditious route from all points East and South to IVIarquette, Negaunee,\\nIshpeming, Houghton, Hancock, Calumet, Ontonagon, Eagle Harbor, Lake Lin-\\nden, and all places in the wonderful Iron, Copper, Gold and Silver Regions of\\nMichigan.\\nOVER 300 MILES SHORTER\\nThan any of the Routes via Chicago, (please consult any Railroad Guide and\\nverify these figures), and passenger fares proportionately lower.\\nTWO MAIL AND EXPRESS TRAINS\\nEach way daily, during tourist season, Sundays excepted, between St. Ignace and\\nMarquette, Ishpeming and Negaunee.\\nAt Negaunee connection is made with the Marquette, Houghton Ontonagon\\nRailroad for points beyond, and with Chicago Northwestern Railroad for points\\nSouth.\\nOUR EQUIPMENT IS FIRST CLASS\\nSteel Rails, c., c, Pullinaii Sleeping Cars on Niglit Trains.\\nThere is no better Fishing and Hunting to be found in America than can be had\\nat points along the line of the Detroit, Mackinac Marquette Railroad.\\nWater, air and other surroundings absolutely pure.\\nAsk for Tickets via Detroit, Mackinac Marquette R. R.\\nDuring the tourist season cheap Excursion Tickets to Marquette, the beautiful\\nMetropolis of Lake Superior region, and to the Iron and Gold mines located about\\nNegaunee and Ishpeming, and to the Copper and Silver mines in the Houghton,\\nHancock and Calumet districts, can be had of the Ticket Agents at Mackinac\\nIsland and at St. Ignace.\\nFor further information apply to\\nDAN L McCOOL,\\nGen l Sup t,\\nMARQUETTE.\\nFRANK MILLIGAN,\\nGen l Pass. Ag t,\\nMARQUETTE.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "-THE-\\nI\\nDIRECTORS.\\nPERRY HANNAH. SMITH BARNES. A. TRACY LAY.\\nJAMES MORGAN. WM. MORGAN.\\nOFFICERS.\\nPERRY HANNAH, President. A. TRACY LAY, Vice-President^\\nSMITH BARNES, Secretary, Treasurer and Gen l Manager.\\nWHOLESALE AND RETAIL\\nDealers in Everything\\nNos. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 17 FRONT ST.,\\nCovering Two Acres of Floor Eoom,\\nTEAVEESE CITY, MICH.\\nThe Hannah and Lay Mercantile Co., the only ^nd original DEALERS\\nIN EVERYTHING, established thirty years, and acknowledged to be the\\nlargest concern in the way of general dealers, both at wholesale and retail in\\nthe State of Michigan. Everything bought and sold on a cash basis, and par-\\nticular attention paid to mail orders.\\nPrices and samples sent on application when it is possible.", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "H 6Z 9\\nfc^^:", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "^.j\u00c2\u00bb\\n0^", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": ".o*^ *^V\\ni^^/ %^lp;* ^-^OTi^*-\\n^o^\\nHECKMAN\\nBINDERY INC.\\n?^JAN 90\\nN. MANCHESTER,\\nINDIANA 46962\\n^o^", "height": "2855", "width": "1800", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3079", "width": "1940", "jp2-path": "annalsoffortmack00keswi_0216.jp2"}}