{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3537", "width": "2095", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3390", "width": "2105", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3411", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3390", "width": "2105", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3411", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3390", "width": "2105", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3411", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "llliii\\niiiiiiiii\\niiii\\ni\\ni! fii\\nip I\\nlllli ll\\nlilli i\\nI ll\\nIHIlllll\\nI\\n:||{|ll!lllll!l|\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a01 lilli\\nt I\\nIll; I\\ni! ii||\\ni\\nI\\n*ii\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0::im\\n!=0\\niiiiilii!\\ni^^^.**^\\n::il", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "THE\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER;\\nCONTAINING\\nDESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES AND TO^VNS\\nIN\\nALSO\\nDESCKIPTIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES,\\nCAPES, BAYS, HARBORS, ISLANDS, AND\\nFASHIONABLE RESORTS\\nWITHIN THAT TERRITORY.\\nA L P FI A B E T I C A L L Y A R R A N G E D\\nB Y J O H N H A Y W A R D\\nAuthor of the Columbian Traveller, Religious Creeds, c. c.\\nFOURTEENTH EDITION. -^-T^cToFcG^r^\\nCONCORD, N. H. ^T-i::.\\nISRAEL S. BOYD AND WILLIAM WHITE.\\nBOSTON:\\nJOHN H A Y W A R D\\n184 1.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by\\nJOHN HAY WARD,\\nin the Clerk s Office of the District Court in Massachusetts.\\nSTEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY\\nWILLIAM WHITE,\\nCONCORD, N.H.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nThe preparation of a Gazetteer ot New England, worthy the\\npatronage of its enlightened citizens, is no easy task those only who\\nhave attempted it can form a just conception of its difficulties. Long\\nand wearisome journeys must be performed hundreds of volumes and\\nlocal histories must be consulted, and thousands of letters must be written.\\nAlthough a kind Providence has blessed the editor with health, and\\nwith numerous friends, in all parts of New England yet, after a long\\nperiod of devotedness, he is mortified that his work is not more complete.\\nIt will be perceived that there are many towns, particularly in the\\neastern section of New England, whose names are merely mentioned\\nand that notices of others, in many cases, are exceedingly deficient. Had\\nour means permitted, fair representations of the character and resources\\nof those towns might have promoted individual and public interests and\\nenhanced the value of our volume. There are lakes and rivers in the\\nnorthern and eastern parts of New England, whose beauty, volume of\\nwater, and hydraulic power, might vie with the Winnepisiogee and Mer-\\nrimack but whose locations and even names are but indistinctly known.\\nBut we have the consolation to believe that a Gazetteer of New Eng-\\nland, perfect in all its parts, is rather desii-ed than expected. Our coun-\\ntry is new large portions of the territory of the New England States,\\nare yet a wilderness, and new counties and towns are very frequently\\nconstituted.\\nThe progress of agricultural science, and of the mechanic arts the\\nadvancement of commerce, both at home and abroad, and the increasing\\nsuccess of the fisheries, united with the determination of the people of\\nNew England to connect the trade of the western oceans with their\\nAtlantic borders, by roads of iron, which frosts cannot impede, are so\\ngreat and strong, that the most devoted geographical and statistical writers\\nmust be satisfied with following at a distance, rather than keeping pace\\nwith the rapid car of improvement in New England.\\nAl", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nIn the performance of our work we have derived assistance from many\\nvaluable maps and books on New England. Among the number a re-\\nspectful tribute is due, particularly, to Belknap s History of New\\nHampshire; Williamson s Maine; Dwight s Letters; Savage s\\nWinthrop; Thacher s Plymouth; Folsom s Saco and Biddeford;\\nBenton and Barrey s Statistics: Hale s Map of New England;\\nStevens Rhode Island; CArrigain s New Hampshire and Green-\\nleaf s Maine:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to Worcester s Gazetteer; Thompson s Vermont;\\nPease and Niles Rhode Island and Connecticut; Spofford s Mas-\\nsachusetts, and Farmer and Moore s Gazetteer of New Hampshire.\\nFrom the latter work, and from its authors, the lamented John Far-\\nmer, Esq., a celebrated antiquarian and writer, and Jacob B. Moore,\\nEsq., of Concord, N. H., author of several valuable historical and mis-\\ncellaneous works, we are indebted for much of that which is valuable\\nin regard to New Hampshire.\\nFrom a beautiful volume, entitled Connecticut Historical Collec-\\ntions, by John Warner Barber, Esq., we have been permitted to\\nenrich our pages with some of their most valuable and interesting ar-\\nticles.\\nTo Heads of Departments at Washington, and to the Secretaries of the\\nseveral States to which the work refers, for valuable public documents;\\nto Postmasters and to numerous other friends who have kindly assisted\\nus in our labors whose names we should feel proud to mention, were it\\nin accordance with their wishes we tender the acknowledgments of a\\ngrateful heart.\\nFor the purpose of enlarging our work, as well as for its correction,\\nour editions will he designedly small contributions are therefore respect-\\nfully solicited.\\nWhile it is our determination to devote our time and humble talents to\\nrender our publications worthy of general approbation we are gratified\\nwith the assurance of co-operation from eminent men in all parts of the\\ncountry and we trust with confidence to receive that patronage, which\\nYankees, both at home and abroad, invariably bestow on every effort\\nwhose obvious design is usefulness.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND\\nIn presenting the public with a Gazetteer of New England, it has seemed\\nproper to make a few introductory remarks of a general nature, on the\\ncharacter of its inhabitants. They may with great propriety be called\\na peculiar people and perhaps New England and Pennsylvania are the\\nonly parts of the new world, which have been colonized by a class of\\nmen, who can be regarded in that light. The whole of Spanish and Por-\\ntuguese America was organized, under the direct patronage of the mother\\ncountries, into various colonial governments, as nearly resembling those at\\nhome as the nature of the case admitted. The adventurers who sought\\ntheir fortunes beyond the sea, in those golden tropical regions, carried the\\nvices and the virtues with the laws and the manners of their native land,\\nalong with them, and underwent no farther change than was unavoidably\\nincident to the new physical and political condition in which they were\\nplaced in America. The same remark, with nearly the same force, may\\nbe made of the Virginia colonists they differed from Englishmen at\\nhome in no other way, than a remote and feeble colony must of necessity\\ndiffer from a powerful metropolitan state. Pennsylvania was settled by\\na peculiar race but its peculiarity was of that character which eventu-\\nally exhausts itself; and would speedily perish but for an amalgamation,\\nnecessary though uncongenial, with the laws, the manners, and institu-\\ntions of the world. If all mankind were Friends they might subsist and\\nprosper. A colony of Friends, thrown upon a savage shore and environed\\nby hostile influences from foreign colonial establishments, would perish,\\nif not upheld by forces and principles different from its own. In the set-\\ntlers of New England alone we find a peculiar people but at the same\\ntime a people whose peculiarity was founded on safe practical principles\\nreconcileable with the duties of life capable of improvement in the pro-\\ngress of civilization, and of expanding into a powerful state, as well as of\\nanimating a poor and persecuted colony.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nHad not America been discovered and a tract upon our continent reserv-\\ned for English colonization nay, further, had it not been precisely\\nsuch an uninviting spot as furnished no temptation to men of prosperous\\nfortunes, the world would have lost that noble developement of character\\nwhich the fathers of New England exhibit. A tropical climate would\\nhave made it uninhabitable to Puritans or rather would have filled it up\\nwith adventurers of a different class. A gold mine would have been a curse\\nto the latest generation. Had the fields produced cotton and sugar, they\\nwould not have produced the men whom we venerate as the founders of\\nthe liberties of New England.\\nPuritanism sprang up in England, but there it could not develope itself\\nwith vigor or consist with happiness. The conflict with the hostile in-\\nstitutions of society was too sharp, and admitted of the cultivation of none\\nbut the militant or patient elements of character. To struggle with\\ntemporary success and to bow in permanent subjection was the necessary\\nfate of the persecuted sect. So it was wisely ordained. Had Puritan-\\nism permanently mastered the church and the throne in England, it\\nwould have been corrupted. It would have picked up and worn the\\ntrampled diadem it would have installed itself in the subjected church.\\nRegarding Cromwell and the Rump Parliament as the gift of Puritanism\\nto English liberty, it is a bequest at which we know not whether\\nmost to sigh or smile. The seed sown in England fell by the way side\\nand the fowls came and devoured it up. The cause of political and social\\nreform, which was conducted with self-denying wisdom and moderation\\nin the outset, by single-hearted, honest men, degenerated as it prospered.\\nIn the moment of its triumph it sunk under the corruptions of selfish-\\nness, as a noble vessel which has braved the tempest in mid-ocean some-\\ntimes goes to pieces on the rocks as it approaches land.\\nBut the precious seeds of liberty, civil and religious, which were sown\\nin New England, fell upon a genial soil, and brought forth worthy and\\nabiding fruit. Undertaking the same work which was undertaken by\\ntheir brethren in England, our fathers conducted it through the days of\\nsmall things, through hardships, trial, and disasters, to a triumphant issue.\\nIt is true there were greater obstacles to be encountered in England, in\\nthe resistance of established institutions. Deep rooted errors were to be\\ntorn up the towers of feudal oppression, which had stood for centuries,\\nwere to be overthrown. But the influence of these formidable institutions\\nwas not limited to Old England, The rod of arbitrary power reached\\nacross the Atlantic. The little colonies had to struggle with the crown\\nand the hierarchy, with the privy council and with special commissions,\\nwith writs and acts of parliament and they had besides to struggle with the", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nhardships of the wilderness, the dangers of the savage foe, of a sterner\\nclimate than that of their native land, the privations of a settler s life,\\nthe alternating neglect and oppression of the mother country but they\\nstruggled successfully with all. The reformers of abuses in England, as\\nthey claimed to be called, brought a king to the block, scattered a house\\nof lords, and saw their great military leader clothed with all the powers\\nof state and in twelve years the son of that king returned to the throne,\\nnot merely by an unconditional restoration, but amidst a jubilee of na-\\ntional rejoicing and without one security for liberty. All the while the\\nfathers of New England held on their even Avay not betrayed into\\nextravagance when their cause at home (as they fondly called Old Eng-\\nland) was triumphant; nor in despair at the miserable relapse which en-\\nsued. They did not indeed live to reap the fruit of their principles and\\ntheir sacrifices and it reflects but the greater honor upon them that they\\npersevered in their great work from a sense of duty, deep-seated, con-\\ntrolling, fearless, and not the less so although, while they lived, unre-\\nwarded by worldly success.\\nIn fact the founders of New England were actuated by the only prin-\\nciple sufficient to produce this result. It need not be said that this was\\nreligions principle. How easily it is uttered of our Pilgrim fathers that\\nthey were actuated by religious principle how little in these prosper-\\nous days do we realize all that is wrapped up in that description of their\\ncharacter It is dithcult to comprehend of others what we have not\\nexperienced in ourselves. That easy frame of mind which prevails among\\na highly favored people, in periods of halcyon prosperity, is scarcely\\ncapaWe of being placed in sympathy with the moral heroism, the spir-\\nitual courage, the sublime equanimity of a generation truly animated\\nby the relio^ious principle, exalted by persecution, and purified by hard-\\nship. Happy if in such a period we can, by diligent contemplation of the\\nvenerated men of other days, exalt our imaginations, till by conceiving\\nwe form a desire to imitate their virtues In proportion as we do this,\\nwe shall realize the secret of their perseverance and success. They did all\\nthings through Christ strengthening them. What cannot man do when\\nhe has learned habitually and distinctly to regard this life as a preparatory\\nscene,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a brief hour,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nay a fleeting moment, introductory to an eternal\\nbeing The fathers of New England were enabled, with their scanty\\nmeans and feeble powers, to establish the foundation of institutions which\\nwill last to the end of time, for the very reason tliat they regarded all hu-\\nman interests and delights as transitory. That paradox in our moral na-\\ntures which educes strength out of weakness, triumph out of self-denial,\\nworldly power and success out of a stern preference of things not of", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nthis world, received its most illustrious confirmation in the career of the\\npilgrim fathers of New England.\\nThis principle of our natures is the key to the great problem of the\\nsuccess which attended the forlorn hope of humanity that landed on\\nthese shores. There is indeed a fanaticism, which violates all the laws\\nof our nature, alike the higher ulterior principles which belong to an\\nimmortal spirit, and the humbler influences which grow from the rela-\\ntions of ordinary life. It leads to surprising deeds; it forms characters\\nwhich dazzle us with brilliant eccentricities. It is near allied to mad-\\nness often runs into it. But the religiousness of the fathers of New\\nEngland was a far different principle. It was eminently practical. It\\nallied itself with wise institutions of government; it sought the guidance\\nof education it encouraged the various pursuits of industry; it provided\\nfor the public safety and defence and with chaste discrimination admit-\\nted the courtesies of polished life. It is difficult to say what sort of a\\ncommonwealth George Fox would have founded, had circumstances call-\\ned him to assume the province of the legislator. It is most certain, that\\nin setting up an immediate divine inspiration as the guide of every man,\\nhe maintained a principle at war with the very idea of a political system\\nand all its institutions nor is it less certain that the constitution which\\nwas actually granted to Pennsylvania, by its pure and noble-spirited pro-\\nprietor, possessed little of the peculiarities of his sect but their mild,\\npeaceful, and equitable temper. But the fathers of New England stop-\\nped short of the point where solemn conviction passes into enthusiasm.\\nThey pursued the ordinary occupations of life, planted the field, built\\nvessels and navigated the sea, and carried on the usual mechanic arts.\\nThey made provision for protection against the Indians and the French.\\nThey organized a plan of civil government; they established by law a\\nsystem of common school education, for the first time in the history of the\\nworld, and they founded a college for the avowed purpose of training up\\na class of educated men, well qualified to take the place of the learned\\nand pious ministers who had emigra-ted with the first generation of pil-\\ngrims. These are the doings of intelligent and practical men, not of en-\\nthusiasts or fanatics and yet they are the doings of men so resolutely\\nbent upon the exercise of the right of worshipping God according to the\\ndictates of their consciences, that they were willing to sacrifice to it\\nhome, fortune, and all that the mass of men hold dear.\\nTo say that the fathers of New England were not faultless, is merely\\nto say that they were men to say that they established no institutions,\\nthe object of which was to bind the consciences of their successors, is\\npraise asjust as it is high. If they adhered with undue tenacity to their", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nown opinions, and failed in charity towards those who differed, they at\\nleast left their posterity free, without the attempt to secure beforehand\\nthe control of minds in other ages by transmitted symbols and tests. Hu-\\nmanity mourns over the rigors practised towards Roger Williams, the\\nQuakers, and the unhappy persons suspected of witchcraft but let it\\nnot be forgotten that, as late as 17.49, a witch was executed at Wurzburg,\\nand that even in 1760 two women were thrown into the water in Leices-\\ntershire, in England, to ascertain by their sinking or swimming whether\\nthey were witches. Above all, it may deserve thoughtful enquiry, before\\nwe condemn the founders of New England, whether a class of men less\\nstern in their principles and austere in their tempers, could have accom-\\nplished, under all the discouragements that surrounded them, against all\\nthe obstacles which stood in their way, the greal work to which Provi-\\ndence called them, the foundation of a family of republics, confederated\\nunder a constitution of free representative government. There is every\\nreason to believe, great and precious as are the results of their principles,\\nhitherto manifested to the world, that the quickening power of those\\nprinciples will be more and more displayed, with every leaf that is turned\\nin the book of Providence.\\nThat part of the United States denominated New Eivglazvd, compri-\\nses SIX STATES, SIXTY ONE COUNTIES, and TWELVE HUJVDRED AND\\nEIGHTY TOWNS. Their extent, divisions, and population at several\\nperiods, are as follows\\np\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a25\\n-3\\nr3\\n5\\nen\\nen\\na\\n2\\n-5\\no\\n3\\n5\\no\\no\\nCO\\no\\np\\nJ.\\np\\nto\\np\\n00\\np\\n00\\n5\\nMe.\\n32,000\\n12\\n34 1\\n96 540.\\n151.719\\n228,705\\n298,33.5\\n39.),43\\n476,054\\n15\\nN. H\\n9 2S0\\n8\\n224\\n141,883\\n133,858\\n214, .^60\\n214,16!\\n2y9.\u00c2\u00a32^\\niS8,7l6\\n31\\nVt.\\n10,212\\n14\\n237\\n85,539\\n1-4,465\\n217,895\\n235,764\\n280,657\\n3l!r,0s^:\\n31\\nMass.\\n7,500\\n14\\n336\\n378,787\\n433,^45\\n472 04j\\n523,287\\n6I0,40S\\n701,. 331\\n94\\nR.I.\\n1,330\\n5\\n31\\n63,825\\n69,122\\n73,931\\n83,053\\n97,19\u00c2\u00bb\\n108,76!i\\n80\\nCt.\\n4,674\\n8\\n61\\n136\\n237,946\\n1.009, 52-2\\n251,002\\n1,233.(111\\n261,942\\n275,202\\n297,675\\n304,75\\n5\\n34\\nri5,02i\\n1,V8j\\n1,4-1.^73\\nl. i.i!!.-\\n1, \u00c2\u00bb^l,7(t\\n2 1 3\\nThe population of Maine and Massachusetts, in 1837, is given as by\\na census taken in that year. The population of New Hampshire, Ver-\\nmont, Rhode Island and Connecticut, for 1837, is estimated according to\\nthe ratio of increase, from 1820 to 1830.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nIn 1830, there were in New England 1,112 persons deaf and dumb\\n798 blind, and 18,668 aliens. The number of colored persons in 1820,\\nwas 20,782\u00e2\u0080\u00941830, 21,310. See Register.\\nNew England increased in population, from 1790, to 1800, 22.1 per\\ncent: from 1800, to 1810, 19.3 per cent: from 1810, to 1820, 12.7 per\\ncent: from 1820, to 1830, 17.7 per cent; and from 1830, to 1S37, 12.4\\ncent. When it is considered, that most of the western states were origi-\\nnally peopled by New Englanders, and that vast numbers annually emi-\\ngrate to those states, this increase of population is favorable, compared\\nwith other Atlantic states. The population of New England in 1700,\\nis stated at 120,000 in 1755, at 345,000 and in 1775, at 714,000.\\nBouJVDARiEs AND EXTENT. This territory is bounded north and\\nnorthwest by Lower Canada, about 375 miles, and east by the Province of\\nNew Brunswick, 275 miles. Its whole eastern, southeastern and southern\\nborders are washed by the Atlantic ocean and the waters of Long Island\\nSound, a distance of about 600 miles. It is bounded west by the state\\nof New York, 280 miles. Its circumference is about 1,530 miles.\\nNew England is situated between 41\u00c2\u00b0, and 48\u00c2\u00b0 12 north hitiJude, and\\n65\u00c2\u00b0 55 and 74\u00c2\u00b0 10 west longitude from Greenwich. Its greatest\\nlength is between the sources of the Madawaska, Me., and Greenwich,\\nCt., about 575 miles; and its greatest breadth is between Machias, Me.,\\nand Highgate, Vt., 300 miles. Its narrowest part is between Boston\\nand West Stockbridge, Mass., 135 miles^\\nName. During the unsuccessful attempts of Sir Walter Raleigh to\\nplant colonies within the territory of North America, from 1584 to 1587,\\nthe whole country was called Virginia, in honor of Queen Elizabeth, who\\nwas then on the British throne. In 1606, James I. divided the country\\ninto two sections, JVorth and South Virginia; but the French having\\ntaken possession of the Canadas, and founded Quebec, in 1608, and the\\nDutch having established colonies at New York and Albany, in 1613,\\nthe intermediate territory, now the New England States, was called\\nNew England, in compliment to its luxuriance and beauty, and in honor\\nto his native land, by the celebrated John Smith, one of the first settlers\\nof Virginia, in 1607; and who visited this coast in 1614.\\nThe New England people are frequently called Yankees. We are\\nwarranted in stating, from the best authority, that of the late learned\\nHeckewelder, that the Lena Lenape, a tribe of Indians belonging to\\nthe Six Nations, on the arrival of our forefathers to these shores, pro-\\nnounced the word English, Yengees. The word was thus originally\\nspelt, but in the course of years, in common with thousands of other\\nIndian names and phrases, it became corrupted to Yankee. The first", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nsettlers of New England were English, or Englishmen, from Old Eng-\\nland and however the term Yankee, or English, may be applied to\\nNew Englanders the descendants of the Puritans consider the term\\nhonorable to themselves, and reproachful only to those who misap-\\nply it.\\nSurface, Soil and Productions. New England is distinguish-\\ned for its varied surface. Mountains in immense ranges, bold spurs,\\nand solitary eminences beautiful swells, extended valleys, and alluvial\\nintervales meet the eye in every direction. Large rivers, unrivalled for\\ntheir rapid courses and hydraulic power; brooks, rivulets, expansive\\nlakes, countless ponds; and a sea coast of more than six hundred miles,\\ndecorated with delightful bays, harbors, and romantic islands, form and\\nbeautify the outline of a picture of New England.\\nThe soil of New England is as varied as its surface. Loam, clay, and\\nsand exist in all their varieties and mixtures. The soij most gener-\\nally diffused through this country, is a light brown loam, mixed with\\ngravel fitted, in different degrees of moisture and dryness, for every\\nproduction common to the climate; and capable, with proper culture,\\nof the highest fertility.\\nThe agricultural productions of this country are exceedingly numer-\\nous and valuable. The staple articles, and such as are cultivated in all\\ntheir varieties, are grass, Indian corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, beans,\\npeas, flax, hemp, broom corn, millet, potatoes, onions, beets, carrots,\\ntrinips, squashes, melons, c.\\nThe fruits of New England, both wild and cultivated, are also nu-\\nmerous and abundant. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries, quin-\\nces, grapes, in all their varieties; walnuts, chesnuts, Madeira nuts,\\nbutternuts strawberries, whortleberries, blackberries, mulberries, rasp-\\nberries, c. This is but the commencement of a list of the fruits, plen-\\ntiful in New England, and remarkable for their richness and flavor.\\nThe forests of New England exhibit a noble variety of trees, not only\\ndelightful to the eye, but valuable for all the uses of man. The number\\nof these is so great that a catalogue of them would cover pages.\\nAmong the most valuable are the varieties of the pine, cedar, oak, wal-\\nnut, spruce, maple, beech, birch, ash the hemlock, hacmatack, elm,\\nfir, c.\\nThe botanical resources of New England are not inferior to any other\\nsection of our country. Among the most beautiful native flowering\\nshrubs are the laurel, rose, honeysuckle, and woodbine.\\nMiJVERALOGy. New England unquestionably possesses a vast and", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\nrich variety of minerals but until recently its people have been too busy\\nin ploughing the ocean, or digging o:i its surface, to search for ti easures\\nwithin the bosom of its hills and valleys. A spirit of exploration, how-\\never, has arisen, which promises the most favorable results. Learned\\nand indefatigable men are in the fieldj and the wisdom of our legislatures\\nwill keep them there.\\nGranite or sienite, in all its Varieties, is common in all the states:\\nmarble of various hues, varying in quality, most of which, bearing a fine\\npolish, is abundant; coal is found in various places, and strongly sus-\\npected to exist in others. Peat is abundant on Cape Cod, where there\\nis no wood and it is found in meadows surrounded by forests. Copper\\nexists in various parts of New England; and iron ore, of a pure quality,\\nis abundant in various sections of the country. Gold and silver are said\\nto exist, but we hope not. Fine clay, sandstone, manganese slatestone,\\nfor roofing buildings and various other articles for necessary use are\\nabundant. Garnets, cobalt, rock crystals, and other minerals have\\nbeen discovered in various parts of New England, and which are men-\\ntioned under their localities within the volume.\\nClimate. The climate of New England is exceedingly various:\\nthe temperature ranges from 15 below the zero of Fahrenheit to 95\u00c2\u00b0\\nabove. The mercury has been known to descend from 20\u00c2\u00b0 to 30\u00c2\u00b0 below,\\nand to 102\u00c2\u00b0 above but such cases rarely occur.\\nEuropean philosophers have imagined that the coldness of this part of\\nAmerica was caused by our northwest winds, proceeding, as they have\\nthought, /rom the great lakes, which are situated in the interior of North\\nAmerica: but since it has been discovered that the great lakes lie west-\\nward of the true N. W. point, that opinion has been exploded.\\nA second cause to which the coldness of these winds has been attribu-\\nted, is a chain of high mountains running from southwest to northeast,\\nin Canada and New Britain, at a great distance beyond the St. Lawrence.\\nA third opinion is that of the venerated Dr. Holyoke, of Salem, who\\nsupposed that the numerous evergreens in this country are the source\\nof the peculiar cold which it experiences. A fourth opinion is, that the\\ncoldness of these winds proceeds from i\\\\\\\\e forested state of the country.\\nDr. Dwight entertained an opinion different from all those we have men-\\ntioned, viz: that the winds which generate the peculiar cold of this\\ncountry descend, in most cases, from the superior regions of the atmos-\\nphere. The N. W. wind rarely brings snow, but when it does, the de-\\ngree of cold is increased. The deepest snows fall with a N. E. wind, and\\nstorms from that quarter are most violent and of longest duration. On\\nthe mountains, the snow falls earlier and remains later than in the low", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\ngrounds. On those elevated sun^.mits, the winds have greater force in\\ndriving the snow into the long and deep gullies of the mountains, where\\nit is so consolidated, as not to be dissolved by the vernal sun. Spots of\\nsnow are seen on the south sides of mountains as late as May, and on\\nthe highest till July. A southeast storm is often as violent, but com-\\nmonly shorter, than one from the northeast. If it begin with snow,\\nit soon changes to rain. A brisk wind from the W. or S. W. with snow\\nor rain, sometimes happens, but its duration is very short. Squalls of\\nthis kind are common in March.\\nOne of the greatest inconveniences suffered by the inhabitants of our\\ncountry, is derived from the frequent changes in the state of the atmos-\\nphere. The temperature has been known to change 44\u00c2\u00b0 in twenty four\\nhours. Changes are frequent, though seldom in the same degree.\\nChanges from wet to dry, and from dry to wet, are at times unpleasant,\\nand probably unhealthy. There is no month in the year which is not\\nsometimes very pleasant, and sometimes disagreeable. In a series of\\nyears, our most pleasant months are June, September and October.\\nOften the first two, and not unfrequently the first three weeks in Sep-\\ntember are, however, very warm. From the 20th of September to the\\n20th of October, the weather is delightful. The temperature is mild,\\nthe air is sweet, and the sky singularly bright and beautiful. This is\\nthe period denominated the Indian Summer. Some persons think June\\nto be a more pleasant month than either September or October. In June,\\nthere are usually a few days of intense heat. In all other respects,\\nexcept the brilliancy and beauty of the heavens, this month must be\\nconfessed to have the superiority over all others. The progress of vege-\\ntation is wonderful and it seems as if the creative hand was, in a\\nliteral sense, renewing its original plastic efforts, to adorn the world with\\nrichness and splendor. All things are alive and gay. The little hills\\nrejoice on every side. The pastures are clothed with flocks. The\\nvalleys are also covered with corn, and shout for joy. Health at the\\nsame time prevails in a peculiar degree. The Spring is often chilled by\\neasterly winds and rendered uncomfortable by rains. The Winter months,\\nwhen the earth is clad with its mantle of snow, is the season for relaxa-\\ntion and pleasure.\\nThe number of fair days in a year compared with the cloudy, is as\\nthree to one. We have had but few meteorological journals kept. For\\nseveral years past they have become more frequent, and it is hoped, that\\nfrom the increasing attention to the subject, comparative results of the\\nweather will become more numerous and exact.\\nNavigation- and Commerce. The people of New England,\\nfrom the first settlement of the country to the present time, have been\\n1*", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\ncelebrated for their fine ships, nautical prowess, and commercial spirit.\\nTheir extended Atlantic sea coast, and their noble forests of ship timber,\\ngive them as great, if not greater facilities for these enterprises, than\\ncan be found in this or any other country.\\nThe number of vessels built in the United States in 1833, was 1,188;\\ntonnage, 161,626 tons; of which there were built in New England 590:\\ntonnage, 95,146. The number of seamen employed in navigation in\\nthe United States, was 67,744, of which 37,142 belonged to New\\nEngland.\\nIn consequence of the absence of both natural and artificial channels\\nto the fertile countries on the borders of the great lakes, and west of the\\nAlleghany mountains, the exports and imports of New England, compar-\\ned with the whole of the United States, appear small but it must be\\nborne in mind that a large proportion of the ships and seamen employed\\nin this commerce belongsto New England, and that a vast amount of the\\nexports from other states consists of the j^roducts of the manufacturing\\nindustry and fishery of that section of the country.\\nThe value of the imports of New England, during the year ending\\nSO September, 1837, was $22,052,414. Exports, $11,878,324. The\\ntotal value cf the imports of the United States, in that period, was\\n$140,989,217; of exports, $117,419,376.\\nDuring that period the American tonnage of New England, entered,\\ncompared with that of the United States, was as follows New England,\\n1,944 vessels, 393,877 tons: United States, 6,024 vessels, 1,299,720 tons.\\nDuring that time there were 949 vessels built in the United States\\ntonnage, 122,987 tons of which 389 were built in New England, meas-\\nuring 51,983 tons.\\nFishery. This important branch of industry, and one of the great-\\nest sources of wealth to the American people, has, from time immemo-\\nrial, been almost exclusively cairied on by New England vessels, men,\\nand capital.\\nIn 1837, there were 508 vessels in the United States engaged in the\\nwhale fishery the total tonnage was 127,239 tons of which number\\n459 belonged to the Nev/ England states measuring 115,194 tons. The\\nsame year there were 127,678 tons employed in the cod and mackerel\\nfishery 126.963 tons of which were owned in New England.\\nManufactures. From the first settlement of the country, to the\\ngeneral peace in Europe in 1815, New England was emphatically a com-\\nmercial country. During the long wars in Europe, when the flag of\\nthe U. S. was the only passport among the belligerent nations. New\\nEngland ships became the carriers of almost the whole of the eastern", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND.\\ncontinent. The change from war to peace, in Europe, shook New Eng-\\nland to its centre. It however stood firm. During a pause, in wliich\\nconflicting interests in regard to the tariff on imports were settled, the\\nresources of the country were examined, and it was found that a large por-\\ntion of the capital which had been accustomed to float on every gale, and\\nsubjected to the caprice of every nation, might profitably be employed at\\nhome, in supplying our own necessities, and placing our independence on\\na more sure foundation. A manufacturing spirit arose in New England,\\nwhose power can only be excelled by the magnitude and grandeur of in-\\nnumerable streams on which it is seen to move. See Register.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "ITEMS\\nThere are several items in this volume which do not strictly pertain\\nto the general character of the work. Some of them are here noted.\\nRoutes to the White Mountains, See White Mountains.\\nDistances on Long Island Sound and Hudson river, Long I. Sound.\\nSaratoga and Ballston Spi ings, White Mountains.\\nLake George, N. Y.,\\nWhitehall, N. Y.,\\nThe North Eastern Boundary Question briefly stated, Maine.\\nConfidence in God, Sharon, Ct.\\nTroy, N. Y., Long Island Sound.\\nNew Lebanon Springs, N. Y., Hancock, Mass.\\nFirmness of mind, Stamford, Ct.\\nCatskill Mountains, N. Y., Long Island Sound.\\nA venerable minister, Hartford, Ct.\\nCurious Courtship, Lyme, Ct.\\nBay of Fundy, Fundy, Bay.\\nSt. John s, N. B.,\\nA Congregation made Prisoners, Darien, Ct.\\nBrave Women, Dustan s Island, Gorham, Me., and Dorchester, Mass.\\nA good shot, Dalton, JV. H.\\nGoffe and Whalley, Hadley, Mass., and Woodbridge, Ct.\\nPeddling, Alexanders Lake, and Berlin, Ct.\\nThe Old Black Bull, Colchester, Ct.\\nPrices of sundry articles in 1750, Gorham, Me.\\nFaithful Missionaries, Roxhury, Mass., and Haddam, Ct.\\nBurning of Fairiield, Fairfield, Ct.\\nMount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Mass.\\nTransplanting fish, Fairlee and Whiting, Vt.\\nObookiah, Cornwall, Ct.\\nLarge Apple Tree, Duxbury, Mass.\\nThermometrical observations, Epping, JV*. H.\\nFortunate Stageman, Belchertown, Mass.\\nTribute to female character, Ledyard, Ct.\\nLarge Pines, Liberty and JVorridgewock, Me.\\nGenerals Allen and Stark, Litchfield, Ct., and Manchester, JV. H.\\nGeneral Putnam and the Wolf, Pomfret, Ct.\\nTornadoes, Warner and JVew London, JV. H., and Winchendon, Mass.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "ITEMS.\\nMeteoric Stones,\\nStory of the Frogs,\\nSmart Old Men,\\nA modest office seeker.\\nSee Weston, Ct.\\nWindham, Ct.\\nTVhitingham Vt., and Shutesbury, Mass.\\nStratford, J\\\\\\\\ H.\\nLand Title settled by combat.\\nThe Devil s Den, a good ice house,\\nLarge Trout,\\nFloating Islands, Atkinson, JV. H., and\\nSingular motive for marriage,\\nLovevvell s Fight, _\\nCurious Epitaphs,\\nPoised Rock, _ _\\nA Turtle well marked,\\nMohegan Village,\\nA relic of olden times.\\nThe New Hampshire Giant,\\nPurgatory Cavern,\\nIce Beds,\\nSatan s Kingdom,\\nNames of Towns,\\nLyme, Ct.\\nSterling, Ct.\\nStrong, Me.\\nWJiitingham, Vt.\\nWethersfield, Ct.\\nFryeburgh, Me.\\nDorchester, Mass.\\nFarmington, A^. H.\\nMiddlebo rough, Mass.\\nMontville, Ct.\\nAshford, Ct.\\nJVew Market, J\\\\ H.\\nSutton, Mass.\\nWallingford, Vt.\\nJVew Hartford, Ct.\\nJVorth JBridgewater, Mass.\\nA South Shore White oak,\\nTak, a slave, the captor of a British General,\\nHorrible butchery of a family,\\nPenobscot Indians,\\nThe Pool,\\nFirst mail stage in the United States,\\nIndian Mound, _ _\\nGeorge III. and John Adams,\\nThe Hermitess,\\nTough words for stammerers.\\nMineral Springs,\\nAvalanches,\\nAutumnal Foliage,\\nA worthy maiden Lady,\\nA Connecticut river lawsuit,\\nThe Drum Rock, _ _\\nAn atrocious murder,\\nA New England Clergyman of 1G86,\\nAncient Epitaphs, Plymouth, Mass\\nA runaway pond, _\\nLake scenery,\\nPlympton, Mass.\\nTiverton, R. I.\\nWethersfield, Ct.\\nOrono, Me.\\nOxford, Ct.\\nShrewsbury, Mass.\\nOssipee, JV. H.\\nQuincy, Mass.\\nRidgefield, Ct.\\nRoxbury, and Webster, Mass.\\nStafford, Ct., and Hopkinton, Mass.\\nWhite Mountains.\\nTaunton, Mass.\\nWethersfield, Ct.\\nWarwick, R. I.\\nWashington, Ct.\\nWenham, Mass.\\nand Windsor, Ct.\\nGlover, Vt.\\nWinnepisiogee Lake^", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "ITEMS.\\nThe Charter Oak, See Hartford, Ct.\\nRetreats for the Insane, Augusta, Me., Charlestown, Mass., Hart-\\nford, Ct.\\nLarge Elm Tree, Hatfield, Mass.\\nChocorua s Curse, _ _ .Albany, JV. H.\\nVolcanic Eruptions, indications of, Chesterfield, JV. H East Haddam,\\nCt., Gay Head, and Isle of Shoals.\\nHardships of first Settlers, Johnson and Hartland, Vt.\\nRelics of ancient Indians, JkfoM/fon6oro and Sanbornton, JV.H.,\\nand Kent, Ct.\\nSagacity of a Dog,\\nLadies Shoes, _ _\\nThe Cat Hole,\\nWhite Fish,\\nRelics of an ancient Town,\\nAsylum for the Deaf and Dumb,\\ndo. for the Blind,\\nIndian Camp,\\nThe Pool of Neipsic,\\nA fruitful Rock,\\nA brave Man,\\nAncient Family Record,\\nSaybrook Platform, origin of,\\nJewish Synagogue,\\nJoseph Warren,\\nNotable Women, _ _\\nFirst Hourly Coaches in New England,\\nCost of Victuals to last one Man a Year,\\nCopperas, manufacture of,\\nGood Elbow-Room,\\nCulture of Hops, _ _\\nBethel Rock,\\nThe Green Woods,\\nSplit Rock,\\nRogers Rock, _\\nIndian Palace, _ _\\nIndian Bargains, _ _ _\\nFirst Sacrifice of human Life for American liberty\\nAn old Frog, _ _\\nDistance of the Sound of Cannon,\\nKilkenny, JV. H.\\nLynn, Mass.\\nMeriden, Ct.\\nMadison and Saybrook, Ct.\\nBristol, Me.\\nHartford, Ct.\\nBoston,\\nDeerfield, JV. H.\\nGlastenbury Ct\\nAntrim, JV. H,\\nCharlestown, JV. H.\\nSaybrook, Ct.\\nditto.\\nLeicester, Mass.\\nRoxbury, Mass.\\nMarlboro^ and Salisbury, Vt.\\nRoxbury, Mass.\\nSaco, Me.\\nStrafford, Vt.\\nWaterbury, Ct.\\nWilmington, Mass.\\nWoodbury, Ct.\\nWinchester, Ct.\\nWhite Mountains, JV. H.\\nditto.\\nJVew Milford, Ct.\\nJVorwalk and Stamford, Ct.\\nProvidence, R. I.\\nBridgewater, Vt.\\nBarnard^ Vt.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nAbljot, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town lies\\n76 miles N. by E. from Augusta,\\n130 N. by E. from Portland, and\\nabout 40 N. N. E. from Norridge-\\nvvock. It is bounded N. by Mon-\\nson, E. by Guilford and S. by Park-\\nman. The Piscataquis river passes\\nnearly through its centre. It was\\nincorporated in 1827. Population,\\n1837, 649.\\nAl ingtOBi, I^Iass.\\nPlymouth co. This town is on\\nthe high land between Massachu-\\nsetts and Narraganset bays. Three\\nrivers rise here, two of which emp-\\nty into the Taunton, the other into\\nthe North. It Ues 19 miles S. S. E.\\nfrom Boston, 22 N. W. from Plym-\\nouth, IS N. N. E. from Taunton,\\nand 8 S. of Wej^mouth landing.\\nThis town is noted for its manufac-\\ntures of boots, shoes, and tacks. The\\ntotal value of its manufactures, in\\none j ear, was 6;S47,294, of which\\nthe amount of .$82,000 was for tacks,\\nand .$746,794 ior boots and shoes.\\nThere were 847 males and 470 fe-\\nmales employed in the manufacture\\nof the latter. Population, 1337,\\n3,057. This town was incorporated\\nin 1712. Its Indian name was Man-\\netmooskeagin.\\nAcoakset River,\\nRises on the border of the town\\nof Fall River, and meets an arm of\\nBuzzard s bay, at Westport, 12 miles\\nS. W. of New Bedford, Mass.\\nActon, Me.\\nAn interior town, in the county\\nof York, recently taken from Shap-\\nleigh. It lies near the head waters\\nof Salmon river, by which it is di-\\nvided, on the W., from New-Hamp-\\nshire. It is 107 miles S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 15 W. from Alfred.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1409.\\nActoii, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1781, and in 1782\\nit v/as incorporated. It has some\\nfine brooks, but no important mill\\nstreams. It lies about 15 miles N.\\nof Newfane, and about 90 S. of\\nMontpelier. Population 1830, 176.\\nActon, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a pleas-\\nant farming town of good soil. The\\nAssabet river passes through it. It\\nis 5 miles N. W. by W. of Concord,\\nand 21 N. W. of Boston. Incorpo-\\nrated 1735. Population 1837, 1071.\\nAc-*vortli, IV. H.\\nSullivan co. This town is chiefly\\nagricultural in its pursuits. The\\nsoil is generally good. Cold river,\\nwhich rises from Cold pond in this\\ntown, affords some good mill seats.\\nThis town was formerly noted for\\nthe culture of flax, which was man-\\nufactured by some of the inhabitants\\ninto the finest linen, equal to any\\nimported from Ireland. The town\\nwas settled in 1768, and incorporat-\\ned in 1771. Population 1830, 1401.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nIt lies 13 miles S. of Newport, and\\n44 W. of Concord.\\nAdaxns, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a flourish-\\ning agricultural and manufacturing\\ntownship, comprising two villages,\\nnorth and south, whose trade goes\\nto New York. It is 40 miles E. of\\nTroy, N. Y., 120 W. N. W. of Bos-\\nton, 29 N. of Lenox, and 7 miles S.\\nE. of Williamstown college. The\\nHoosack river passes through this\\ntown, and affords a great water\\npower. There are in this town 19\\ncotton mills, 4 satinet factories, and\\n2 calico printing establishments.\\nThere are also in this town large\\nmachine shops, 4 tanneries, 3 air and\\ncupola furnaces, and manufactories\\nof shovels, spades, hoes, forks,\\nchairs and cabinet ware. The total\\nvalue of the manufactures of this\\nplace in the year ending April 1,\\n1837, amounted to $1,045,417.\\nBetween the years 1746 and 1756,\\nthis town was the scene of much\\nIndian warfare. Traces of old\\nFurt Massachusetts are still found.\\nSaddle .Mountain, the summit of\\nwhich is called Gray Zoc/c, the high-\\nest of Massachusetts mountains, lies\\nchiefly in this town, and, although\\nit is 3,600 feet above the level of\\nthe sea, is of easy ascent. A view\\nfrom Gray lock probably gives an\\nidea of vastness and even of im-\\nmensity better than any other\\nlandscape in New England, Mt.\\nWashington, in N. H. excepted.\\nThe natural bridge on Hudson s\\nBrook, in this town, is a curiosity\\nworthy the notice of travellers.\\nThe waters of this brook have worn\\na fissure from 30 to 60 feet deep and\\n30 rods in length, through a body\\nof white marble, or limestone, and\\nformed a bridge of that material, 50\\nfeet above the surface of the water.\\nThere is a cavern in this town, 30\\nfeet long, 20 high, and 20 wide.\\nIncorporated 1778. Population 1820\\n1,836\u00e2\u0080\u00941830, 2,648\u00e2\u0080\u00941834, 3,000\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nand in 1837, 4,191.\\nAddisou, Me.\\nWashington co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1797. Population,\\n1837, 901. It lies 14 miles W. by\\nS. from Machias, and 135 E.by N.\\nfrom Augusta. Addison lies be-\\ntween Pleasant and Indian rivers,\\nand near the south entrance into\\n;!ispe ky reach. Addison Point,\\nor Cape Split, jutting out into the\\nsea, off which are several small\\nislands, is the principal harbor and\\nplace of trade.\\nAddison Coiiiitj Vt.\\nMlddlehury is the chief town.\\nThis county is bounded on the N.\\nby Chittenden county; E. by Wash-\\nington and Orange counties, and a\\npart of Windsor county S. by\\nRutland county, and W. by Lake\\nChamplain. It was incoiporated in\\n1787, and contains about 700 square\\nmiles. Large quantities of white\\nand beautifully variegated marble,\\nwhich receives a fine polish, are\\nfound in this county, and large\\nquantities of it are quarried and\\ntransported to various markets.\\nThis county is admirably well wat-\\nered by Otter Creek, which rises\\nnear its southern boundary, and ex-\\ntends nearly through its centi-e\\nby Mad and White rivers and by\\nLake Champlain, wliich affords it\\nmany navigable privileges. The\\nsoil is good, particularly in those\\ntowns below the mountains, and\\nbordering the lake and rivers. This\\ncounty contains 22 towns. Popu-\\nlation, 1820, 20,469\u00e2\u0080\u00941830, 24,940.\\nInhabitants to a square mile, 35.\\nAddis oil, Vt.\\nAddison co. This is supposed to\\nbe the first place settled by the\\nwhites, in this state, west of the\\nmountains. The town is pleasantly\\nlocated on the east side of lake\\nChamplain, and nearly opposite to\\nCrown Point, in the state of New-\\nYork. At this place the lake is\\nabout 3 miles broad. The French,", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nit is said, commenced a settlement\\nhere in 1731 the same year that\\nthey erected a fort at Crown Point.\\nThe English came here about 1770.\\nOtter Creek passes into the town,\\nbut affords no important mill sites.\\nThe surface of the town is low and\\nlevel. Mil4 and Pike rivers, are\\nsmall streams, which fall into the\\nlake opposite to Crown Point. This\\ntown lies about 12 miles AV. N. W.\\nfrom Middlebury, and 40 V. S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier. Population 1830,\\n1,306.\\nAgameuticus Mountain,\\nSo called, being three elevations\\nof land in York, Me., about 4 miler\\nfrom the sea, and a noted land mark\\nfor those on the coast to the north-\\nward and eastward of Portsmouth\\nharbor. The highest summit is 673\\nfeet above the ocean. It is said\\nthat Saint Aspinquid died on this\\nmountain, in 1682, and th.l his\\nfuneral was celebrated by tl- In-\\ndians, by the sacriiice of 671 wild\\nanimals.\\nAga^vani, Blass.\\nThe Indian name of a river in\\nWareham, and of a part of Westfield\\nriver; and the name of a village on\\nWesttield river, 2 miles S. W. ^from\\nSpringfield.\\nAlbany, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town was incor-\\nporated in 1803. It lies about 17\\nmiles W. by N. from Paris, and 58\\nW. from Augusta. It is the source\\nof Crooked river, which empties in-\\nto Sebago Lake. Population, 1837,\\n598.\\nAlbany, ]V. H.,\\nStrafford co., lies 60 miles N. by\\nE. from Concord, and 67 N. N. W.\\nfrom Dover. The principal river\\nin Albany, is Swift river, which\\npasses from W, to E. into the Saco,\\nat Conway. There are several\\nsmall streams in different parts of\\nthe town, furnishing convenient\\n2\\nmill privileges. These streams\\nwere once the residence of num-\\nbers of the beaver, otter, c.\\nThere are several lofty hills and\\nmountains in this town, the highest\\nof which is called Chocorua, and is\\nvisible from a great extent of coun-\\ntry. It received its name from\\nChocorua, an Indian, who was kil-\\nled on the summit by a party of\\nhunters in time of peace, before\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2the settlement of the place. The\\npredominant rock of these hills is\\ngranite a soft, decomposing varie-\\nty, in which the crystals and grains\\nof feldspar are very large. The soil\\nis fertile, being a sandy loam, mix-\\ned occasionally with coarse gravel.\\nThere are some fertile intervale\\nlands on the borders of Swift river.\\nThis town has been considerably\\nretarded by a peculiar disease which\\nafflicts neat cattle. Young cattle\\ncannot be reared, nor can cows or\\noxen be kept here for a series of\\nyears, without being attacked by a\\nsingular and fatal distemper. It\\ncommences with a loss of appetite\\nthe animals refuse hay, grain and\\nsalt become emaciated an obstin-\\nate costiveness attends, but the ab-\\ndomen becomes smaller than in\\nhealth, and is diminished to one third\\nits original bulk. After these symp-\\ntoms have continued for an indefi-\\nnite period, a brisk scouring comes\\non, and the animals fall away and\\ndie. Though superstition may have\\nfound a reason in the dying curse\\nof the murdered Chocorua, philoso-\\nphy has not yet ascertained a satis-\\nfactory cause for the disease. It is\\nprobably owing to the properties\\ncontained in the waters. This town\\nwas granted Nov. 6, 1766, to Clem-\\nent March, Joseph Senter and oth-\\ners, and until the 2d July, 1833, it\\nbore the name of Burton. Popula-\\ntion in 1830, 325.\\nAlbany, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This town was grant-\\ned in the year 1781, by the name\\nof Lutterloh in 1815 itwas chang-", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ned to its present name. It is water\\n6(1 by a number of ponds, and by\\nBlack river and its branches. Al-\\nbany lies 34 miles N. from Mont-\\npelier, and 9 S. of Irasburgh. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 683.\\nAlbion, Me.\\nKennebec co. This fine farming\\ntown lies on the stage road from\\nAugusta to Bangor; 24 miles N.\\nE. from the former, and 44 S. W.\\nfrom the latter. Population, 1837,\\n1609. This town produced 10,728\\nbushels of wheat, in 1837.\\nAlbwrgli, Vt.\\nGrand Isle co. Settlements com-\\nmenced here by emigrants from\\nCanada, in 1782. This town lies at\\nthe N. W. corner of the state and\\nof New England 10 miles N. from\\nNorth Hero, and 79 miles N. W.\\nfrom Montpelier. It is bounded by\\nthe waters of Lake Cham plain, ex-\\ncept on the north, where it meets\\nthe Canada line, in north latitude\\n45^. The soil is good and finely\\nti^nbercd. It has a mineral spring,\\nof some repute in scrofulous cases.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,239.\\nAlexasidePj Ble.\\nWashington co. About 25 miles\\nN. by W. from Machias, and S. of\\nBaileyville, and Baring, which bor-\\nder on the river St. Croix. In this\\ntown are some ponds, which, with\\nthe large pond in Baring and Alex-\\nander, produce a large stream which\\nempties into Cobscook bay. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 457.\\nAlexainler s Lalice.\\nThis beoAitiful sheet of water, of\\nabout a mile in length and half a\\nmile in breadth, lies in the town of\\nKillingly, Ct., and was formerly\\nknown to the Indians by the name\\nof Mashapaug. Its present name\\nis derived from Nell Alexander, a\\nman who settled at Killingly in\\n1720, and became proprietor of a\\nlarge portion of the town. As this\\nperson gained his wealth in a man-\\nner which illustrates the antiquity\\nof the propensity of the inhabitants\\nof this state to the once honored,\\nyet now despised employment of\\npeddling, we will give the reader\\na short notice of his history. He\\ncame from Scotland, with a great\\nnumber of other emigrants, in a\\nship which was to land them at\\nBoston. Just before leaving the\\nship he discovered a gold ring up-\\non deck, for which he could find no\\nowner. Thus fortunately provided,\\nafter his arrival he pawned the gold\\nring for small articles of trade,\\nwhich he peddled in Boston and\\nRoxbury. He was very prosper-\\nous, and finally became able to re-\\ndeem the author of his success, and\\npursue his business without embar-\\nrassment. After a few years of\\nconstant activity, he acquired suffi-\\ncient property to purchase a planta-\\ntion of 3,500 acres in Killingly.\\nThe gold ring was transmitted as a\\nt.ort of talisman, to his only son\\nJYell, who transferred it to his only\\nson JVell v/ho is now living at an\\nadvanced age, and has already pla-\\nced it in the hands of his grandson\\nA^cll and fo it will doubtless con-\\ntinue from JYell to JVell, agreeably\\nto the request of the first JVell,\\nuntil the last knell of the race is\\ntolled!\\nA singular tradition has been\\nhanded down to iis by the abori-\\ngines concerning the origin of this\\nlake.\\nIn ancient times, when the red\\nmen of this quarter had long enjoy-\\ned prosperity, that is, when they\\nhad foiind plenty of game in the\\nAvoo ls,and fish in the ponds and riv-\\ners, they at length fixed a time for\\na general powwow, a sort of festival\\nfor eating, drinking, smoking, sing-\\ning and dancing. The spot chosen\\nfor this purpose was a sandy hill, or\\nmountain, covered with tall pines,\\noccupying the situation where the\\nlake now lies. The powwow lasted\\nfour days in succession, and was to", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncontinue longer had not the Great\\nSpirit, enraged at the licentiousness\\nwhich prevailed there, resolved to\\npunish them. Accordingly, while\\nthe red people in immense numbers\\nwere capering about upon the sum-\\nmit of the mountain, it suddenly\\ngave way beneath them, and\\nsunk to a great depth, when the\\nwater from below rushed up and\\ncovered them all except one good\\nold squaw, who occupied one of\\nthe peaks, which now bears the\\nname of Loon s Island.\\nMr. Barber in his admirable work\\nentitled Connecticut Historical\\nCollections, from which this ac-\\ncount is taken, observes, whether\\nthe tradition is entitled to credit or\\nnot, we will do it justice by affirm-\\ning that in a clear day, when there\\nIS no wind and the surface of the\\nlake is smooth, the huge trunks and\\nleafless branches of gigantic pines\\nmay be occasionally seen in the\\ndeepest part of the water, some of\\nthem reaching almost to the surface,\\nin such huge and fantastic forms as\\nto cause the beholder to startle!\\nAlexandria, N. H.\\nGrafton co. A small part of New-\\nfound lake lies in this town. Al-\\nexandria is 30 miles N. W. from\\nConcord, and 40 S. E. from Haver-\\nhill. Population, 1830, 1,0S3. In-\\ncorporated, 1782. On Fowler s and\\nSmith s rivers and several other\\nsmaller streams are about 2000 acres\\nof intervale land, which produce\\nflax, potatoes and grass in abund-\\nance. Other parts of the town are\\nfavorable for wheat and maize.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis town was first settled by Jon-\\nathan, John M. and WilHam Cor-\\nliss, in 1769.\\nAlfred, Mc.\\nOne of the shire towns of York\\ncounty. It lies 24 miles N. from\\nYork, 35 S. from Portland and 86\\nS. W. from Augusta. Incorpora-\\nted, 1808. Population, 1837, 1,360.\\nThis is a good farming town and is\\nwell watered by the higher sources\\nof Mousum river, which meets the\\nsea at Kennebunk. In this town\\nis a society of those neat and indus-\\ntrious horticulturists and artizans,\\ndenominated Shakers.\\nAlford, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. On the line of the\\nstate of New York, and watered\\nby branches of Green river. Some\\nmanufactories of leather and shoes.\\n125 miles W. from Boston, 14 S. by\\nW. from Lenox, and 24 E. of Hud-\\nson, N. Y. Population, 1837, 441.\\nIncorporated, 1773.\\nAlleiistOAvn, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. On the Suncook\\nriver, 11 miles S. E. from Concord,\\nand 38 W. from Portsmouth, The\\nland generally is of an ordinary\\nquality, though there are some fine\\nfarms. The town is principally\\ncovered with a growth of oak and\\npine timber; and^great quantities of\\nlumber are annually taken down\\nthe river. Allenstown is well wa-\\ntered, though no large stream pass-\\nes through it. Great Bear brook\\nfurnishes the principal mill seats.\\nCatamount hill is the highest land\\nin town. At the E. end of this hill\\nis a precipice of 70 feet nearly per-\\npendicular, at the footof wljich is a\\ncavern of some extent, inclining up-\\nwards. The first settlers wei-e llob t\\nBuntin and others. In 1748, while\\nat work on the western bank of the\\nMerrimack river,opposite the mouth\\nof the Suncook, in company with\\nJames Carr, Mr. Buntin and his son,\\nten years of age, were surprised by\\na party of Indians. Carr attempted\\nto escape, and was shot down. Bun-\\ntin and his son, making no resist-\\nance, were not harmed; but taken\\nthrough the wilderness to Canada,\\nand sold to a French trader at Mont-\\nreal with whom they remained\\nabout eleven months, escaped, and\\nfortunately reached home in safety.\\nAndrew, the son, continued on his\\nfather s farm until the commence-", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nment of the revolution, when, en-\\ntering the service of his country,\\nhe died in her defence at White\\nPlains, Oct. 28, 1776, Incorporated\\nJuly 2, 1831. Population, 1830, 421.\\nAlna, Me.\\nThis town is situated in the coun-\\nty of Lincoln, 10 miles N. from\\nWiscasset, 54 N. E. from Portland,\\nand 20 S. S. E. from Augusta. In-\\ncorporated 1794. Population, 1837,\\n1,138. This is a pleasant town and\\nwell watered by Sheepscot river.\\nAlstead, N. H.,\\nCheshire co., is 12 miles S. E.\\nfrom Charlestown,14 N.from Keene\\nand 50 W. by S. from Concord.\\nThis town is well watered by small\\nstreams. Cold river passes through\\nthe N. W. part; and some of the\\nbranches of Ashuelot river have\\ntheir sources in this town. There\\nare a number of ponds, the princi-\\npal of which is Warren s pond\\nlength, 250 rods, breadth, 150.\\nPerch and pickerel are here caught\\nin great abundance. The soil is\\nstrong and productive, and the farms\\ngenerally well cultivated. Manu-\\nfactures flourish in this town, and\\ngreat attention is paid to education.\\nAlstead was originally called New-\\nton, and was granted by charter,\\nAugust 6, 1763, to Samuel Chase\\nand 69 others. General Amos Shep-\\nard, who was for many years a\\nmember of the General Court of\\nthis state, and President of the Sen-\\nate from 1797 to 1804, resided in\\nthis town, and was one of its prin-\\ncipal inhabitants from 1777 to the\\ntime of his death, Jan. 1, 1812. By\\nhis persevering industry, his econ-\\nomy and correctness in business,\\nand at the same time, by a rigid ad-\\nherence to uprightness and integri-\\nty in his dealings with his fellow\\nmen, he acquired a handsome for-\\ntune, and was in many things, a\\npattern worthy of imitation. Pop-\\nulation in 1830, 1,552. This town\\nhas 6000 sheep.\\nAlton, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town lies 22\\nmiles N. E. from Concord, and 25\\nN. W, from Dover, and is bounded\\nN. by Winnepisiogee lake and bay.\\nThe town is rough and uneven the\\nsoil hard and rocky, but productive\\nwhen well cultivated. The growth\\nof wood is chiefly oak, beech, maple\\nand pine. The principal elevations\\nare Mount-Major and Prospect Hill\\nMerrymeeting bay extends S. about\\n1800 rods into this town, where it\\nreceives the waters of Merrymeet-\\ning river. Half-moon pond, be-\\ntween Alton and Barnstead, is 300\\nrods long and 150 wide. This town\\nwas originally called JVeia Dur-\\nham Gore, and was settled in 1770,\\nby Jacob Chamberlain and others.\\nIt was incorporated Jan. 15, 1796.\\nPopulation in 1830, 1,993. This\\ntown has 2000 sheep.\\nAiiieslbury, Mass.\\nThis town is situated on the N\\nside of Merrimack river, in the\\ncounty of Essex, 40 miles N. E.\\nfrom Boston, 6 N. W. from New-\\nbvu-yport, and 7 N. E. from Haver-\\nhill. Population, 1837, 2,567. It\\nwas taken from Salisbury in 1668,\\nand is separated from it by Powow\\nriver, a navigable stream for vessels\\nof 300 tons. A pond, covering\\nabout 1000 acres, back of the town,\\n90 feet above the sea, serves as a\\nreservoir for a constant and exten-\\nsive water power. The manufac-\\nture of flannel and satinet is very\\nextensively pursued. The amount\\nof those articles manufactured in\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837, was\\n$425,000. Many vessels are built\\nhere of superior timber, and the\\nmanufacture of boots, shoes, leath-\\ner, chairs, phaetons, gigs, and car-\\nryalls is very considerable. The\\ntotal amount of the various manu-\\nfactures of this place is about $500,-\\n000 annually. About half the pop-\\nvilation of the town is engaged in\\nmechanical labor. Josiah Bartlett,\\nM. D. one of the signers of the", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ndeclaration of independence was\\nborn here, ia 1729. He died May\\n19, 1795.\\nAmberst, !EIe.\\nHancock co. This town is houn-\\nded on the S. by Mariaville. The\\nhead waters of Union river pass\\nthrough it. It Ues about 25 miles E.\\nof Bangor. Population, 1837, 198.\\nAmlierst, X. H.\\nAn important town, and the seat\\nof justice in Hillsborough county,\\nis situated on Souhegan river. It\\nis 23 miles S. from Concord, about\\nthe same distance from Hopkinron,\\n47 N. W. from Boston, 40 E. from\\nKeene, 60 S. E. from Windsor, Vt.\\nand 4S4 from Washington. Souhe-\\ngan is a considerable and very im-\\nportant stream, and in its course\\nto the IMerrimack river from this\\ntown, affords some of the finest wa-\\nter privileges in the county. Bab-\\nboosuck, Little Babboosuck and Jo\\nEnglish ponds are the largest col-\\nlections of water. In some parts,\\nand particularly on Souhegan river,\\nthe soil is of an excellent quality,\\nproducing abundant crops. In oth-\\ner parts, on the hills elevated above\\nthe village, the soil is of a good\\nquality, and several valuable farms\\nare found under good cultivation.\\nThe village is pleasant and contains\\nmany handsome buildings. There\\nis a spacious common between the\\ntwo principal rows of houses, which\\nis often used for public purposes.\\nThere is what is termed a mineral\\nspring, about 1 1-2 miles E. of the\\nmeeting house. The water has\\nbeen found useful in rheumatic\\ncomplaints, and in scrofulous and\\nscorbutic habits; for poisons by ivy,\\ndog-wood, .C. This town was\\ngranted in 1733, by Massachusetts,\\nto those persons living and the heirs\\nof those not living, who were offi-\\ncers and soldiers in the Narragan-\\nset war of l. )75. It was called A^ar-\\nraganset ^V(9.3, and afterv/ards Sou-\\nhegan- IVest. The number of pro-\\nprietors was 120, of whom a consid-\\nerable number belonged to Salem,\\nMass. The town was incorporated\\nJan. 18, 1760, when it assumed the\\nname of Amherst, in compliment to\\nLord Jeffrey Amherst. Among\\nthe worthy citizens of Amherst\\nwho deserve remembrance, may be\\nmentioned Hon. Moses Nichols, a\\nnative of Reading, Mass., who was\\na colonel under Gen. Stark in the\\nBattle of Bennington: Hon. Samuel\\nDana, a native of Brighton, Mass.\\nHon. William Gordon, eminent\\nin the profession of the law.\\nHon. Robert Means, who died Jan.\\n24, 1823, at the age of SO, was for\\na long period of time a resident in\\nAmherst. He was a native of Ire-\\nland. In 1764, he came to this\\ncountry, where by his industry and\\napplication to business, he acquired\\na large property, and great respect.\\nAmherst did its duty manfully\\nduring the revolutionary contest.\\nDuring the farst four years of that\\nwar about one in seventy of its\\npeople died in the service. The\\nexpenses of that war, to this town,\\nin addition of any bounties, travel\\nor wages given or promised by the\\nState or the United States, was\\nfound to he in specie, \u00c2\u00a33,511.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,657.\\nAnilierst, Mass.\\nHampshire co. The college and\\nvillage in this town are on elevated\\nground and command a very beau-\\ntiful prospect of the surrounding\\ncountry. Amherst was taken from\\nHadley, and incorporated in 1759.\\nPopulation, 1837, 2,602. It lies 7\\nmiles E. by N. from Northampton,\\n108 S. from Dartmouth college, and\\n82 miles W. from Boston. There are\\ngood mill sites in this town on two\\nstreams, which empty into the Con-\\nnecticut at Hadley. Its manufac-\\ntures are various, consisting of\\nwoollen cloth, boots, shoes, leather,\\nhats, paper, chairs, cabinet \\\\vp.rc,\\ntin ware, axes, ploughs, palm-. o::f\\nhats, carriages, wagons, (large and", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsmall) joiners planes, stoves, steel\\nhammers, pistols, and bowie knives.\\nTotal annual amount of manufac-\\ntures, about $200,000. See jRe^-\\nister.\\nAmity, Me.\\nWasliington co. Township No.\\n10, first range of townships from the\\neast line of the state, about 100\\nmiles N. E. from Bangor. Incor-\\nporated 1836. Population, 1S37,\\n130. This town has fine soil for\\nwheat.\\nAiiioiioosii.ck. !RivcrS; N. H.\\nUpper and Lower. The Upper\\nAmonoosuck rises in the ungranted\\nlan-ds north of the White Mountains,\\nand passing N. E. into Dummer,\\napproaches to within a few miles of\\nthe Androscoggin; thence turn-\\ning abruptly to the S. W. it pursues\\nthat direction and falls into Connec-\\nticut river near the centre of North-\\numberland. Its whole length is\\nabout 50 miles. The valley of the\\nUpper Amonoosuck is 7 or S miles\\nin breadth, and more than 20 in\\nlength it is scooped out with great\\nbeauty, the surface gently rising to\\nthe summits of the mountains on\\nthe N. The Lower Amonoosuck\\nrises on the W. side of the White\\nMountains, and after running a\\ncourse of 50 miles, falls into the\\nConnecticut just above Haverhill,\\nby a mouth 100 yards wide. At\\nthe distance of two miles from its\\nmouth, it receives the Wild Amo-\\nnoosuck, a stream 40 yards wide,\\nand, when raised by freshets, very\\nswift and furious in its course.\\nThe waters of the Amonoosuck\\nare pure, and its bed clean; the\\ncurrent lively, and in some places\\nrapid. The valley of the Lower\\nAmonoosuck is about half a mile\\nin width, and was probably once\\nthe bed of a lake, its S. W. limit\\nbeing the rise of ground at its foot,\\nover which the waters descended\\nin their course to the Connecticut.\\nThere is a fine fall in this river about\\n6 1-2 miles from the Notch of the\\nWhite Mountains, where the de\\nscent is 50 feet, cut through a mass\\nof stratified granite.\\nAmoskeag Falls t Village, N. H.\\nThese falls are in the Merrimack\\nriver; between Goffstown on the\\nW. and IManchestcr on the E. The\\nwhole fall of the river, within the\\ndistance cf half a mile, is 54 feet,\\nproducing a great hydraulic pow-\\ner. A company, with a large cap-\\nital, have commenced forming ca-\\nnals and erecting buildings for man-\\nufacturing purposes on a very ex-\\ntensive scale. Their plan provides\\nfor 37 mills, each containing 6000\\nspindles. Two canals, 2 factories,\\na number of dwelling houses, ma-\\nchine shops, c. are now nearly\\ncompleted. The canals are each a\\nmile in length, and will, when com-\\npleted, be equal to any works of the\\nkind in our country. The village\\nis in Gofl stown, 16 miles below Con-\\ncord and 18 miles above Nashua\\ndelightfully situated on the banks\\nof these majestic falls. Amoskeag\\nis already a place of considerable\\nbusiness, and must eventually be-\\ncome the mart of large manufac-\\nturing operations. The vicinity of\\nthese falls was much fiequented by\\nthe Indians. The Sachem Wono-\\nlanset resided here. The tribe un-\\nder him was sometimes molested by\\nthe Mohawks, who carried terror\\nto the hearts of all the eastern In-\\ndians. In time of war between\\nthese hostile tribes, the Indians liv-\\ning in the neighborhood of the falls,\\nconcealed their provisions in the\\nlarge cavities of the rocks on the\\nisland in the middle of the upper\\npart of the fall. They entertained\\nan idea that their deity had cut out\\nthese cavities for that purpose.\\nAiidovcr, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town was incor-\\nporated in 1804. Population, 1837,\\n551. It lies about 30 miles N. W.\\nfrom Paris, 61 V. N. W. from Au-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngusta, and 70 N. W. from Portland.\\nIt is finely watered by Ellis river, a\\nbranch of the Androscoggin. This\\ntown is an extensive glebe of up-\\nland and intervale of excellent\\nquality, surrounded by White Cap,\\nBald Pate, Blue and Cone moun-\\ntains. The town was first settled\\nby industrious and intelligent farm-\\ners from Essex county, Mass., in\\n1790, and most of its present popu-\\nlation maintain the characteristics\\nof their fathers.\\nAudover, IV. II.\\nMerrimack co. It lies 20 miles\\nN. W. from Concord, and about 18\\nE. by N. from Newport. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,324. The Blackwa-\\nter in the S. W. part of the town,\\nis the principal stream but nu-\\nmerous rills and brooks find their\\nway down the hills into the ponds\\nor Blackwater. There are six\\nponds in Andover, the largest of\\nwhich are Chance and Loon ponds,\\nboth picturesque, and their wa-\\nters pure. The surface of this\\ntown is extremely uneven, and\\nin some parts rocky and barren.\\nThe Ragged Mountains pass along\\nthe N., and the Kearsarge extends\\nits ba5e along the W. The soil is\\nin many parts of good quality, and\\npleasant villages are formed in dif-\\nerent parts of the town. This town\\nwas granted in 1746, and was called\\nJVcw Breton, in honor of the captors\\nof Cape Breton in 1745; in which\\nexpedition several of the grantees\\nwere engaged. It retained this\\nname until June 2.5, 1779, when it\\nwas incorporated by its present\\nname. The first inhabitant of Ando-\\nver was Joseph Fellows, who mov-\\ned into the place in 1761 he died\\nMarch 14, 1811, aged 84. Among\\nthe deceased citizens who are re-\\nmembered with respect by the in-\\nhal)itants, we may mention Dr. Silas\\nBarnard, the first phj sician in town,\\na native of Bolton, Mass., who died\\nJune 25, 1795 Dr. Jacob B. Moore,\\na native of Georgetown, Me., born\\nSept., 5, 1772; settled in Andover\\nin 1796; died Jan. 10, 1818. He\\npossessed respectable poetical tal-\\nents; was a writer on political sub-\\njects in the public papers, and was\\neminent in his profession. Jonathan\\neare, Esq., a civil magistrate,\\nhighly respected for his integrity,\\ndied in 1816. Mr. Joseph Noyes\\nwas much honored for his charitable\\ndisposition. In 1782 a congrega-\\ntional church was formed and the\\nRev. Jos.siah Babcock, of Milton,\\nMass., was ordained. Andover,\\nthough rough, is well adapted for\\ngrazing. It feeds about 4,000 bheep.\\nAndover, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Emigrants from En-\\nfield, Ct., first made a permanent\\nsettlement in this town, in 1776. It\\nwas organized, as a town, in 1781.\\nIt is a mountainous township. Mark-\\nhum and Terrible mountains lie in\\nthe western part. The land is une-\\nven, the soil is hard, and the town\\npossesses but few water privileges.\\nPopulation, 1830, 975. It lies 20\\nmiles S. W. from Windsor 37 N.\\nE. from Bennington, and 68 S. from\\nMontpelicr. The number of sheep\\nin this town is about 4,500.\\nAndover, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This town lies on the\\nsouth side of the Merrimack river,\\nand is well watered by the Shaw-\\nsheen river; and by Great Pond\\nand Haggett s Pond, covering an\\narea of 721 acres. It is 20 miles\\nN. by. W. of Boston, 15 N. N. W.\\nof Salem, 10 E. of Lowell, and 43\\nS. S. E. of Concord, N. H. This\\ntown was first settled in 1643. In-\\ncorporated, 1646. Population, 1837,\\n4,878. This town has a valuable\\nwater pov.er, which is used for\\nmanufactuiing purposes to a great\\nextent. The value of its manufac-\\ntures, for the year ending April 1,\\n1837, amounted to ,$624,450. They\\nconsisted of woollen goods, boots,\\nshoes, leather, flax, soapstone, ma-\\nchinery, tin and cabinet wares.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nchairs and hats. This is a very\\nbeautiful town of fine soil and un-\\nder excellent cultivation. It is on\\nhigh ground and commands a vari-\\nety of beautiful landscape. The\\naccess to Andover from Boston by\\nthe railroad, is easy and very pleas-\\nant. This town has long been cel-\\nebrated for its literary and theologi-\\ncal institutions. There is no place\\nin New England better situated\\nfor seminaries of learning. See\\nHegister.\\nAndroscoggin Hiver,\\nOr Ameriscoggin. Its most north-\\nerly branch is the Margallaway\\nriver which receives the waters of\\nDead and Diamond riverSjand unites\\nwith those flowing from Umbagog\\nlake, about a mile distant from its\\noutlet. From this junction, the\\nconfluent stream pursues a souther-\\nly course till it approaches near the\\nWhite Mountains, where it receives\\nseveral considerable tributaries, and\\npasses into Maine,N. of Mount Mo-\\nriah. It there bends to the E. and\\nS. E. in which course, through a\\nfertile country, it passes near the\\nsea-coast, and turning N. runs over\\nthe falls at Brunswick, not far\\nfrom Bowdoin College, into Merry-\\nmeeting bay, forming a junction\\nwith the Kennebec, 20 miles from\\nthe sea.\\nAnn, Cape, Mass.\\nSee Gloucester, Mass.\\nAnson, Me.\\nSomerset co. Anson lies about\\n10 miles N. E. from Norridgewock,\\n112 W. from Portland, and 40 N.\\nE. from Augusta. Incorporated,\\n1798. Population, 1837, 1,894. It\\nlies at the junction of Seven Mile\\nBrook with the Kennebec, on the\\nwestern side of that river. Here\\nare fine farms and good husband-\\nmen. In 1837, 12,713 bushels of\\nwheat was raised.\\nAntrim, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 20 miles\\nN. W. from Amherst, 30 S. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 67 from Boston.\\nThe E. part of Antrim lies on Con-\\ntoocook river; and though some-\\nwhat hilly, is a tract of productive\\nland, a considerable proportion of\\nwhich is arable. On the river\\nthere are valuable tracts of allu-\\nvial land. The North Branch river,\\nso called, a small stream originat-\\ning from several ponds in Stoddard,\\nfurnishes several valuable mill seats\\nand in some parts of its course, it\\nis bordered by tracts of intervale.\\nThe W. part of the town is moun-\\ntainous, but suitable for grass, and\\naffords an extensive range of good\\npasturage. There are six natural\\nponds well stored with perch and\\npike. A curiosity has been dis-\\ncovered in the middle branch of\\nContoocook river, a rock, about 10\\nfeet long and 8 feet wide, covered\\nwith a shallow coat of moss, afford-\\ning sustenance to 21 different kinds\\nof plants and shrubs, three of which\\nproduce edible fruit. Antrim was\\nincorporated March 22, 1777. The\\nfirst settlement was made by Dea.\\nJames Aiken about the year 1768.\\nDea. Aiken was a native of Lon-\\ndonderry, where he was born in\\n17S1. He died July 27, 1817. He\\nwas a professor of the christian re-\\nligion more than 60 years, and\\nadorned it by a serious and exem-\\nplary life. Population, 1830, 1,309.\\nAntrim has about 4,400 sheep.\\nAppleton, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town lies 20\\nmiles S. W. from Belfast, 84 N. W.\\nfrom Portland, and 35 E. by S. from\\nAugusta. Incorporated, 1829.\\nPopulation, 1837, 839. It is situa-\\nted between the head waters of\\nthe Muscongus and St. George s\\nrivers. Considerable wheat is grown\\nhere.\\nArgyle, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a new\\ntown, but fertile, and flourishing\\nin its agricultural pursuits. It pro-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nduces the best of wheat. It lies\\n89 miles N. E, from Augusta.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 326 in 1837, 601.\\nArLuigton, Vt.\\nBennington co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1763. The time of\\nits organization is not known, as one\\nBisco, a tory, the town clerk in\\n1777, destroyed the records. Jt is\\nfinely watered by Green river. Mill\\nand Warm brooks, and Roaring\\nbranch which fall into the Batten-\\nkill, at the north part of the town.\\nThese streams afford excellent mill\\nsites, and on their banks are large\\nbodies of superior meadow land.\\nWest and Red mountains extend\\nthrough the west part of the town\\nand supply a great variety of good\\ntimber. Excellent marble is found\\nhere considerable quantities of\\nwhich are wrought and transported.\\nHere is a medicinal spring, and a\\ncavern of large dimensions. The\\nspring is not of much note, but the\\ncavern is a great curiosity. This\\nis a flourishing town in both its ag-\\nricultural and manufacturing pur-\\nsuits. The number of sheep in\\nthis town in 1836, was 10,077. It\\nlies 15 miles N. from Bennington,\\n106 S. W. from Montpelier, and 40\\nN. E. from Troy, N. Y. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,207.\\nAxoostook River.\\nThis river rises in the interior\\npart of Penobscot county, Me., and\\nafter traversing more than 100 miles,\\nand receiving many and powerful\\ntributaries in that state, it falls into\\nthe river St. Johns in New Bruns-\\nwick. The lands on this river and\\nits branches are very fertile, and are\\nsaid to be equal to the celebrated\\nGenesee lands for the culture of\\nwheat.\\nAscTitiiey Moimtain, Vt.\\nThis mountain is situated in the\\ntowns of Windsor ?nd Weathers-\\nfield. It is 3,116 feet above the\\nConnecticut river, at Windsor and\\n3,320 feet above the level of the\\nsea. It consists of granite and is\\nnearly destitute of vegetable cov-\\nering. From Windsor, to the base,\\nis 4 miles. Its ascent is generally\\nsteep, but travellers who delight\\nto view rich and variegated scene-\\nry, will be amply rewarded for the\\ntoil of a pilgrimage to its summit.\\nAslilburuUaui, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This township\\nwas granted to Thomas Tileston and\\nothers of Dorchester, for services\\nin an expedition against Canada, in\\nthe year 1690. For many years it\\nwas called Dorchester Canada.\\nIt was incorporated as a town in\\n1765. Ashburnham lies on the\\nheight of land between the Con-\\nnecticut and Merrimack rivers. It\\nis watered by large ponds which\\nfurnish good mill seats. Its manu-\\nfactures consist of cotton goods,\\nboots, shoes, leather, chairs, cabin-\\net ware, fur and palm-leaf hats the\\nannual value of which is about\\n$100,000. This town is 30 miles\\nN. from Worcester, 50 N. W. from\\nBoston, and 35 W. from Lowell.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,758.\\nAslil y, Mass.\\nThis is a pleasant town, in the\\ncounty of Middlesex, on the line of\\nN. H. It is 25 miles N. W\\\\ from\\nConcord, 42 W. N. W. from Boston\\nand 8 S. E. from New Ipswich, N.\\nH. Population, 1837, 1,201. It has\\nsome manufactures of palm-leaf hats\\nboots, shoes, chairs, wooden ware,\\nand curled hair.\\nAslifield, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1754, and, until its incor-\\nporation, in 1764, it was called\\nHuntslown. Population, 1837,\\n1,656. This town is on elevated land\\nbetween Deerfield and Westfield\\nrivers, to each of which it sends a\\nsmall tributary. It has small man-\\nufactures of leather, scythe snaiths,\\nspirits and essences, and about", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n8000 sheep. It is 105 miles W. from\\nBoston, 12 S. ^Y. IVom Greeniicld,\\nand 15 N. W. from Northampton.\\nAsJiforcl, Ct.\\nWindham co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1710. Incorporated,\\n1714. It is watered hy several\\nsmall streams which afford a water\\npower for one cotton and three\\nwoollen factories. The surface of\\nthe town is rough and stony, hut\\nexcellent for grazing. The num-\\nber of sheep in this town is about\\n5,000. It lies 31 miles E. from\\nHartford, and 14 N. W. from Brook-\\nlyn. Population, 1S30, 2,GG0. The\\nfollowing is said to have occurred in\\nthis town, and is told to illustrate the\\nmanners and customs of ancient\\ntimes. A concourse of people\\nwere assembled on the hill in front\\nof the meeting house, to witness\\nthe punishment of a man who had\\nbeen convicted of neglecting to go\\nto meeting on the Sabbath for a pe-\\nriod of three months. According\\nto the existing law for such delin-\\nquency, the culprit was to be pub-\\nlicly whipped at the post. Just as\\nthe whip was about to be applied,\\na stranger on horseback appeared,\\nrode up to the crowd of spectators,\\nand enquired for what purpose they\\nwere assembled. Being informed\\nof the state of the case, the strange\\ngentleman rose upright in his stir-\\nrups, and with emphasis addressed\\nthe astonished multitude as follows\\nYou men of Ashford, serve God\\nas if the D...1 was in you Do you\\nthink you can whijj the grace of\\nGod into men Christ will have\\nnone but volunteers, The people\\nstared, while the speaker, probably\\nnot caring to be arraigned for con-\\ntempt of court, put spurs to his\\nhorse, and was soon out of sight;\\nnor was he evermore seen or heard\\nof by the good people of Ashford.\\nCol. Thomas Knowlton was a na-\\ntive of this tov/n. He was at the\\nbattle of Bunker Hill, and fell at\\nHeerlem Heights, in 1776. Wash-\\nington termed him, in a general or-\\nder after his death, the gallant and\\nbrave Col, Knowlton, who would\\nhave been an honor to any coun.\\ntry,\\nAsliiielot liiver, Jf. II.,\\nOr Ashwillet, a river in Chesh-\\nire county, which has its source in\\na pond in Washington. It runs in\\na southerly course through Marlow\\nand Gilsum, to Keene, where it re-\\nceives a considerable branch issu-\\ning from ponds in Stoddard, From\\nKeene it proceeds to Swanzey,\\nwhere it receives another consider-\\nable branch which originates in Jaf-\\nfrey and Fitzwilliam, It pursues\\nits course southerly and westerly\\nthrough Yvlnchcster into Hinsdale,\\nwhere, at the distance of about 3\\nmiles from the S. line of the state,\\nit empties into the Connecticut.\\nAssabet River, Mass.\\nThis river rises in the neighbor-\\nhood of Westborough it passes\\nthrough Marlborough, Northbo-\\nrough and Stow, and joins Sudbury\\nriver at Concord.\\nAlliens, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1803. Population,\\n1837, 1,424. It is about 18 miles\\nN. N. E. from Norridgewock, 114\\nN. N. E. from Portland and 45 N.\\nfrom Augusta. It is watered by a\\ntributary of Kennebec river.\\nAtliens Vt.\\nWindham co. This town lies 14\\nmiles N. from Newfane, 98 S. from\\nMonlpelier, 10 W. from Bellows\\nFalls, and about 40 N. E. from Ben-\\nnington, Population, 1830, 415.\\nThis town was first settled in 1780,\\nby people from Rindge, N. H., and\\nWinchendon, Mass. They encoun-\\ntered great hardships. The snow\\nwas four feet deep when they came\\ninto town, and they had to beat\\ntheir own path for 8 miles through\\nthe woods. A small yoke of oxen", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwere the only domestic animals\\nthat they took with them. This\\nis a good township of land, particu-\\nlarly for grazing. It has 2000 sheep.\\nHere are productive orchards, pine\\ntimber, and a small mill stream.\\nAthol; Mass.\\nWorcester co. The Indian name\\nof this town was Paquoig. This\\npleasant place lies 60 miles W. N.\\nW. from Boston, 28 N. W, from\\nWorcester, and about 24 W. from\\nFitchburg. Miller s river is a fine\\nstream, and affords Athol a great\\nwater power. The manufactures\\nof Athol consist of cotton goods,\\nhoots, shoes, leather, paper, iron\\ncastings, scythes, ploughs, cabinet\\nware, machinery, straw bonnets,\\npalm leaf hats, shoe pegs, harnesses,\\nshoe and hat boxes, pails, sashes,\\ndoors and blinds annual amount\\nabout $175,000. Incorporated, 1762.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,603.\\nAtldnson, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This township\\nwas incorporated in 1819. It lies\\nabout 35 miles N, N. W. from Ban-\\ngor, 132 N. E. from Portland, and\\n79 N. E. from Augusta. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 557. It is bounded on\\nthe N. by Piscataquis river. This\\ntown has a fifood soil. Wheat crop,\\n1-^37, 5,16S^bushels.\\nAtl^Lnsou, N. H.\\nRockingham co. It is situated\\n80 miles S. W. from Portsmouth,\\nand 32 S. E. from Concord. The\\nsurface of Atkinson is uneven the\\nsoil of a superior quality, and well\\ncultivated. The cultivation of the\\napple has received much attention\\nhere, and the finest fruit is pro-\\nduced. Incorporated Sept. 3, 1767,\\nby its present name, in honor of\\nTheodore Atkinson. Several of\\nthe first settlers lived to a great age.\\nThe Rev. Stephen Peabocly was the\\nfirst settled minister in Atkinson.\\nHe was a native of Andover, Mass.\\nHe took an active part in the revo-\\nlution, and served as chaplain in\\nthe regiment under Col. Poor, sta-\\ntioned at Winter-Hill. TllU acade-\\nmy in this town is one of the oldest\\nand most respectable institutions in\\nthe state it was incorporated Feb.\\n17, 1791. In a large meadow in\\nthis town, there is an island, con-\\ntaining 7 or 8 acres, which was for-\\nmerly loaded with valuable pine\\ntimber and other forest wood. When\\nthe meadow is overflowed, by means\\nof an artificial dam, this island rises\\nin the same degree as the water\\nrises, which is sometimes six feet.\\nNear the middle of this island, is a\\nsmall pond, which has been gradu-\\nally lessening ever since it vva.s first\\nknown, and is now almost covered\\nwith verdure. In the water of this\\npond, there have been fish in plen-\\nty Vviiich, when the meadow hath\\nbeen flowed, have appeared there,\\nand when the Avater hath been\\ndrawn off, have been left on the\\nmeadow at which time the island\\nsettles to its usual place. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 555.\\nAttlelioi ovigli, Mass.\\nThis town lies at the N. W. cor-\\nner of the county of Bristol 12\\nmiles N. from Providence, R. I., 8\\nN. W. from Taunton, and 28 S.\\nfrom Boston. A branch of the\\nPawtucket rises here, and several\\nother rivers pass through the town.\\nIt possesses a fine water power. It\\nwas first settled, 1644, and incorpo-\\nrated in 1694. Population, 1837,\\n2,396. The value of the manufac-\\ntures at this place, for the year\\nending April 1, 1837, amounted to\\nabout^ $500,000. That of cotton\\ngoods alone to $229,571. The oth-\\ner manufactures consisted of boots,\\nshoes, leather, metal buttons, combs\\njewelry, clocks, planing machines,\\ncarpenter s tools, straw bonnets,\\nchairs and cabinet ware. This town\\nsuffered much during the reign of\\nthe celebrated Indian King Philip.\\nIn 1675, Attleborough was a. fron-\\ntier settlement.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nAwTjiirn, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Until 1837, this\\ntown had been called Ward, in hon-\\nor of General Ward, of the revolu-\\ntionary army. It was incorporated\\nin 1778. Population, 1837, 1,183.\\nAuburn is a pleasant agricultural\\ntown. French river passes through\\nit. It lies 5 miles S. by W. from\\nWorcester, and 45 W. S. W. from\\nBoston.\\nAngiista, Me.\\nThis delightful town, the Capi-\\ntal of the state, and chief town\\nof the county of Kennebec, is in\\nN. Lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0 18 43 and W. Lon.\\n69\u00c2\u00b0 50 It lies 146 miles N. E.\\nfrom Concord, N. H.; 182 E. N. E.\\nfrom Montpelier, Vt. 163 N. N. E.\\nfrom Boston, Mass. 203 N. N. E.\\nfrom Providence, R. I. 260 N. E.\\nfrom Hartford, Ct. and 595 miles\\nN. E. from Washington. Augusta is\\nsituated at the head of sloop naviga-\\ntion on Kennebec river, 43 miles\\nfrom the sea. The town lies on\\nboth sides of the Kennebec, and\\ncontains an area of 8 by 6 miles.\\nIt was first settled in 1771, and in-\\ncorporated in 1797. In 1836 it con-\\ntained 6,300 inhabitants. Its In-\\ndian name w^as Cushnoe. There\\nwas, in its early settlement, a fort,\\nand four block houses built of tim-\\nber, to afford protection to the in-\\nhabitants from the Indians, who\\nwere then very troublesome. The\\nfort was called Fort Western, and\\nis still standing on the east bank of\\nthe river, and is now occupied as a\\ndwelling house. This is already a\\nvery flourisliing town, not only in\\nits agricultural pursuits, but in its\\ncommerce and manufactures. The\\ntonnage of the place is about 3000\\ntons. Its exports are lumber of all\\nkinds, oats, peas, beans, hay, pota-\\ntoes, wool, cider, apples, ,c.\\nWhen the extent and resources of\\nthe noble Kennebec and its tributa-\\nries, above tide water, are consid-\\nered, some idea may be formed of\\nthe vast quantity of lumber that\\nmust pass this place on its passage\\nto market.\\nThe Kennebec bridge, uniting the\\neast and west parts of the town is\\na fine structure. It was built in\\n1799; is 520 feet in length, and\\ncost $28,000. The town rises by\\nan easy ascent on both sides of the\\nriver to a level surface it is well\\nlaid out, neatly built, and contains\\nmany handsome dwelling houses.\\nMany of the streets are decorated\\nby trees, planted on each side a\\nstriking evidence of the good taste\\nof the inhabitants.\\nThe State House is a spacious and\\nelegant structure, located upon a\\nbeaviliful eminence about half a\\nmile from the village, on the road\\ntowards Hallowell, and commands\\nan extensive and very delightful\\nprospect. It is built of hammered\\ngranite, or rather gneiss of a white\\ncolor, and very much resembles\\nmarble, at a distance. The materi-\\nal of which it was built, was quar-\\nried from the spot on which it stands.\\nIt has a spacious hall for the Rep-\\nresentatives two of convenient size\\nfor the Senate and the Executive\\nDepartments, and rooms for all the\\noffices immediately connected with\\nthe Government. In front is an ex-\\ntensive commor? 5 adorned with trees\\ntastefully arranged, which, when\\ngrown into shades, will afford a de-\\nlightful promenade.\\nThe United States Arsenal\\nbuildings are situated upon the east\\nbank of the river, in viev/ of the vil-\\nlage, and are chiefly constructed of\\nstone, and present a very fine ap-\\npearance. The Government has\\nexpended large sums of money in\\ntheir construction, and it is expect-\\ned that soon the Government will\\nmake it an Arsenal of Construc-\\ntion. There are at present about\\n2000 stand of arms deposited here,\\nbesides cannon and other munitions\\nof war. The Post is commanded by\\na captain of the Ordnance Depart-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nment, aided by a Lieut, of the same\\ncorps.\\nThe State Insane Hospital. This\\nsplendid granite edifice, an honor\\nto the state and to humanity, occu-\\npies a plat of elevated ground, of\\nseventy acres, on the east side of\\nthe river. Its situation is unrival-\\ned for the beauty of its scenery.\\nThis building was commenced in\\n1836, and will probably be complet-\\ned and prepared to receive patients,\\nin 1S39. It will cost the state, and\\ngome beneficent individuals, who\\nhave made liberal donations towards\\nits erection, about $100,000. It is\\nof the model of the Lunatic Hos-\\npital at Worcester, Mass., and is\\nmuch admired for its external arch-\\nitecture and internal arrangement.\\nThe centre building and wings are\\n262 feet long the centre building\\nis 82 feet in length, 46 feet wide, 4\\nstories high, besides the basement\\nand attic, having a chapel in the attic\\n80 by 40. The wings are 90 feet\\nlong in front, and 100 in the rear,\\n38 feet wide, and 3 stories high, di-\\nvided into 126 rooms, 120 of which\\nare designed for patients, the re-\\nmaining 6 for water closets and oth-\\ner purposes, with halls between the\\nrooms 12 feet wide running the en-\\ntire length of each wing, and com-\\nmunicating with the dining rooms\\nin the centre building.\\nThe Augusta High School, is an\\nelegant brick building, situated up-\\non a beautiful eminence, 2 stories\\nhigh, 65 feet long by 50 wide, hav-\\ning a pediment front supported by\\ndoric columns, and contains two\\nlarge school rooms, beside a labora-\\ntory and four recitation rooms, and\\ncost about $7,000.\\nThe above is a brief sketch of the\\nprominent features of this beauti-\\nful and flourishing town such as\\nit has become by the common ef-\\nforts of an intelligent and enter-\\nprising people, joined to the natur-\\nal advantages of the place.\\n3\\nBut a new era is opened to Au-\\ngusta. The mighty waters of the\\nKennebec have been arrested in\\ntheir course. That proud stream,\\nwhich, for ages, has rolled its rapid\\ncurrent to the ocean, unimpeded by\\nthe devices of man, is destined for\\nages to come, to pay perpetual\\nhomage to Yankee perseverance\\nand skill, and to lend its gigantic\\nstrength to aid the arts and sciences\\nin supplying the wants of millions.\\nWe may perhaps, be suspected of\\npartiality towards this lovely Vil-\\nlage of the East, for giving it so ex-\\ntended a notice but, as accounts\\nof works of great public utility are\\ninteresting to most of our readers,\\nboth duty and inclination prompt us\\nto give a brief desciiption of the\\nKeivivebec Dam; a magnificent\\nstructure; bold in its design curi-\\nous in its workmanship, and prob-\\nably unrivaled by any work of sim-\\nilar character and for similar pur-\\nposes, in this or an\\\\^ other country.\\nAlthough Augusta enjoys the\\npleasure of seeing this noble enter-\\nprise accomplished within its own\\nborders, and by the energy of its\\nown people yet improvements of\\nthis character are by no means lo-\\ncal in (heir effects. The benefits\\nof this undertaking will be felt, not\\nonly in the valley of the Kennebec,\\nbut throughout the state.\\nThese woi-ks were commenced\\nin 1836, by the Kennebec Locks\\nand Canals Company, and com-\\npleted in September, 1S37. Tlie\\ncost was about $300,000. They\\nare about half a mile above the cen-\\ntre of the A illage, and were con-\\nstructed under the supeiintendence\\nof Col. William BoARDMA]v,of\\nNashua, N. H., as chief engineer,\\nfrom whose report many of the fol-\\nlowing facts are elicited.\\nThe length of the Dam, exclu-\\nsive of the stone abutments and\\nLock, is 584 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the base, 127\\nfeet the height ^5 feet above or-\\ndinary high watei mark. It is built\\nwith cribs of timber, bolted and", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntrenailed strongly together, and is\\nfilled with ballast, to the very top.\\nThe upper slope is covered with\\nfive inch pine plank, jointed and\\nperfectly tight the lower with live\\nand three inch hemlock plank.\\nThe crest, terminating at the sluice,\\nnear the middle of the overfall, is\\nlevel, and covered entirely with\\nstone eisfht feet in length, and\\nstrongly secured with iron straps\\nand bolts. The sluice, sixty feet\\nin length, is covered in the same\\nmanner, and is about twenty inches\\nlower than the wings. The walls\\nof the Lock are 170 feet in length,\\nits chamber 101 feet by 2S 1-3 feet\\nin the clear, with a single lift; the\\nwest wall serves as the eastern\\nabutment of the Dam it is 23 feet\\nthick at the base, graduated to 25\\nat the top. The head and east wails\\nare of corresponding strength.\\nBoth are built wholly of granite.\\nThe face courses hammered, bed\\nand joint, rabnitted, and laid in ce-\\nment, and the rabbit filled with\\ncement. The floor of the Lock is\\nconstructed of timber fifteen inches\\ndeep, and covered with five inch\\npine plank, tongued and grooved,\\nwith an additional flooring of five\\ninch hard wood plank, commencing\\nat the head of the Lock and ex-\\ntending fourteen feet. The main\\ngates of the Lock, and guard gates\\nof the Canals, are of white oak from\\nthe Chesapeake, and the wicket\\ngates of cast iron. The large stone\\npiers above the Dam, for the pro-\\ntection of the Lock and abutments,\\nare each 30 feet square on the base,\\ngraduated to 25 feet on the top, and\\nabout 34 feet high, and built of\\ngranite, clamped and strapped with\\niron.\\nThe Canals on each side of the\\nriver are 50 feet wide in the clear,\\ncarrying 10 feet of water from the\\nlevel of the top of the dam. The\\nwalls are 22 feet high, 7 1-2 feet\\nthick at the base, and 5 feet at the\\ntop. They are finished as far as, and\\nincluding, the guard gates. The\\ngates are of great strength, built of\\nheavy oak timber, and in the most\\nsubstantial manner, revolving in\\nstone coins, with which stone and\\nsheet-piling is connected, extending\\nacross and 25 feet into each bank,\\nand driven 10 feet below the bottom\\nof the Canals.\\nThe walls on the banks of the\\nriver, above and below the Dam,\\nextending about 500 feet, are of the\\nsame height as the Canal walls,\\nand 8 feet thick at the base. On\\nthe upper side of the Dam is a\\nsheet of timber-piling, tongued and\\ngrooved, and either resting on the\\nbare ledge, or driven as far as they\\ncould be made to penetrate into the\\nsolid bed v/hich covers a portion of\\nits surface, and is connected with\\nthe piling which passes under and\\nacro s tbe Lock into the east bank,\\nand also with that which is driven\\nin the west bank of the I iver.\\nAbove this, and extending to the\\ntop of the Dam, so as to cover the\\nentire planking of the upper slope,\\nis a mass of gravel from 20 to 30\\nfeet deep.\\n2,500,000 feet of fimber and about\\n25 tons of iron have been used in\\nconstructing the Dam, and about\\n75,000 tons of ballast have been de-\\nposited in it.\\nThe Lock, Piers, River and Mill\\nwalls, with the Canal walls, ex-\\ntending to and including the guard\\ngates, contain about 800,000 cubic\\nfeet of stone.\\nDuring the progress of the work,\\nand especially while the course of\\nthe river was contracted to a space\\nof 17 feet wide by 24 deep (a time\\npeculiarly favorable for forming an\\nestimate, and rarely offered in a\\nstream of this magnitude) repeated\\nobservations were made upon the\\nvelocity of the current, and at no\\ntime was there found a less quanti-\\nty than 2,500 cubic feet per second.\\nIt is proper to add that the seasons\\nof 1836 and 1837, were both re-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmarkable for the small quantity of\\nwater running in all the streams in\\nthis vicinity.\\nThe pond formed by this Dam\\ncovers 1200 acres. It is 16 1-2 miles\\nin length, and its average depth is\\n16 feet.\\nAugusta presents advantages\\nfor manufacturing establishments,\\nequal, if not superior to any in New\\nEngland. It is located in the heart\\nof a large and powerful state, rap-\\nidly increasing in population and\\nwealth surrounded by a fertile\\ncountry, rich in every necessary\\nagricultural product, and stored with\\ngranite, clay, lumber, lime, iron\\nore every building material all\\nof which are found near the spot,\\nand at very low prices.\\nThe facilities afforded at this\\nplace, for transportation, are of in-\\nestimable value to a large manufac-\\nturing town. Cotton and other raw\\nmaterials, and manufactured goods,\\nmay be transported by water, to and\\nfrom the very doors of the mills.\\nAt no distant period the great east-\\nern railroad from Boston and Port-\\nland will pass through this town,\\nin its course to Bangor. At this\\ntiaie, steamboats pass from Augus-\\nta to Boston in eleven hours.\\nThe greatest consideration, how-\\never, in regai-d to Augusta, as a\\nmanufacturing town, is its unfail-\\ning suppli/ of water. The main\\nbranch of tb.e Kennebec is the outlet\\nof an inunense lake, with numer-\\nous powerful tributaries, connected\\nwith other lakes or large reservoirs\\nof water. On its passage to Augus-\\nta, Dead river. Seven Mile Brook,\\ntlie Sandy, Sebasticook, and many\\nother less powerful streams pay their\\ntribute to it. Indeed, all the waters\\nof the extensive valley of the Ken-\\nnebec, above the Dam, meet at this\\nplace. It may be said with safety,\\nthat this place possesses a water\\npower amply sufficient to drive\\n200,000 spindles, day and night,\\nthroughout the year; and an almost\\ninexhaustible surplus power from\\nNovember to July.\\nPreparations are making for the\\nerection of buildings for extensive\\nmanufacturing operations. See Ap.\\nAurora, Me.\\nHancock co. This town lies 106\\nmiles from Augusta. With a popu-\\nlation of only 140, this town pro-\\nduced, in 1S37, among its agricul-\\ntural products, 855 bushels of wheat.\\nAvcrill, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This town lies on the\\nCanada line, about 30 miles N. of\\nGuildhall. It has several large\\nponds and a branch of Nulhegan\\nriver. Some of these waters pass\\nto the Connecticut, and some to the\\nriver St. Francis. The soil of Aver-\\nill is cold and broken, with few cul-\\ntivators.\\nAvon, Me.\\nFranklin co. Avon lies 35 miles\\nW. by N. from Norridgewock, and\\n50 N. N. W. from Augusta. It\\nwas incorporated in 1802. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 767. It is watered by\\nsome of the head branches of San-\\ndy river. In 1837, this town pro-\\nduced 3,220 bushels of wheat.\\nAvon, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town was tak-\\nen fi-om Farmington, in 1830. Pop-\\nulation, 1,025. It lies between two\\nmountainous ridges and has consid-\\nerable rich level land on the bor-\\nders of Farmington river. This is\\na handsome agricultural town and\\npossesses some very beautiful scen-\\nery. The view from Monte Video,\\non Talcott mountain, nearly 1000\\nfeet above the waters of the Con-\\nnecticut, is quite enchanting.\\nWardsworth s Tower, or Monte\\nVideo, is much resorted to by par-\\nties of pleasure in summer months.\\nAvon is 6 miles N. from Farming-\\nton, and 9 W. N. W. from Hart-\\nford.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBaclielder, Me.\\nOxford CO. This township lies\\nbetween two moinUains on the line\\nof New Hampshire, 20 miles W.\\nby N. from Paris, and 60 W. from\\nAugusta.\\nBaileyville, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is on\\nthe line of New Brunswick, about\\n45 miles N. by W. from Machias,\\nand 80 E. N. E. from Bangor. In-\\ncorporated, 1828. Population, 1837,\\n331. BaileyviJle is watered on the\\nE. by the St. Croix, and on the N.\\nby the outlet of Schoodic lakes.\\nBaker s River, N. H.\\nBaker s river, a considerable\\nstream in Grafton county, is form-\\ned of two branches. The N. branch\\nhas its source near Moosehillock\\nmountain in Coventry. It runs\\nsoutherly through Warren into\\nWentvvorth, where it unites with\\nthe S. branch which originates in\\nOrange. After the union of these\\nbranches, the river pursues a S. E.\\nand an easterly course through the\\nS. part of Rumney and the N. part\\nof Plymouth, where it forms a junc-\\ntion with Pemigewaset river just\\nabove Plymouth village. It was\\non this river, in the township of\\nRumney, that General Stark was\\ncaptured by the Indians, on the 28th\\nof April, 1752.\\nBakersiield, Vt.,\\nFranklin co., lies 30 miles N. E.\\nfrom Burlington, 38 N. N. W. from\\nMontpelier, and 15 miles E. from\\nSt. Albans. Branches of Missis-\\nque river pass through it. This\\ntown is well timbered with hard\\nwood the land is warm, but some-\\nwhat broken. 4,000 sheep. First\\nsettled about 1789. Population,\\n1830, 1,087.\\nEaldwim, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town is\\nbounded E. by Sebago pond and W.\\nby Saco river. It contains a num-\\nber of ponds, affording fish of vari-\\nous kinds. Baldwin was incorpo-\\nrated in 1802. Population, 1837,\\n1,133. It is 26 miles W. S. W.\\nfroju Portland.\\nEaltiniore, Vt.\\nWindsor co. This town was tak-\\nen from Cavendish in 1793. Hawk\\nmountain is the division line. The\\nsoil iswai-m but stony. 1,200 sheep.\\nAn abundance of gneiss and granite\\nis found here. It is 10 miles^N. W.\\nfrom Windsor and about 65 S. from\\nMontpelier. Population, 1830, 179.\\nEaiigor, Me.\\nThis is the chief town of Penob-\\nscot county. It lies in N. lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0 J\\n47 50 W. long. 6S\u00c2\u00b0 47 It lies\\n66 miles E. N. E. from Augusta,\\n120 N. E. by E. from Portland, 230\\nN. E. from Boston, Mass., 115 S.\\nfrom Easlport, and 675 N. E. fj-om\\nWashington. The first settlement\\nin this place, by the whites, was\\nmade in the winter of 1769 1770,\\nIn 1772,the Piantation,Kenduskeagj\\nas it was then called, consisted of\\ntwelve families. In 1790, the pop-\\nulation of Banoor was 169 in 1800\\n277; in 1810,850; in 1820, 1,221;\\nin 1830, 2,868, and in 1837, 9,20l!\\nThis place is situated at the head ol\\nnavigation on the v/est side of Pe-\\nnobscot river, 30 miles N. by E.\\nfrom Belfast bay, 60 to Matawam-\\nkeag Point, 120 to Houlton, and\\nabout 60 miles from the open sea.\\nThe compact part of the population\\nreside on both sides of Kenduskeag\\nstream, about 190 yards in width at\\nits mouth, over which are three\\nbridges, and on which, at the foot\\nof the falls, about a mile from the\\ncity, are numerous mills. The\\nbridge across the Penobscot, 100\\nrods above the mouth of the Ken-\\nduskeag, is about 440 yards in\\nlength. It cost $50,000. The basin\\nat and below the mouth of the Ken-\\nduskeag, where the shipping lie\\nto receive their cargoes, is 80 rods\\nin width, and affords good anchor-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nage. The tide generally rises about\\n17 feet. Ship building is exten-\\nsively pursued at this place but\\ncommerce in lumber, of all the va-\\nrious kinds in use, is the principal\\noccupation of the inhabitants. An\\nimmense amount of that article is\\nannually rafted down the rivers,\\nand transported to almost all parts\\nof the world. Bangor is the great-\\nest depot for lumber on the conti-\\nnent of America.\\nOn the Penobscot river and its\\ntributary streams, above Bangor,\\nare more than 250 saw-mills, capa-\\nble of cutting at least two hundred\\nmillion feet of boards a year; all\\nof Vv bich, except what is used in\\nbuilding, must be shipped at the\\nharbor of Bangor. The value of\\nthe boards, timber, clapboards, shin-\\ngles, oars, scantling, wood, c.,\\nshipped at this port, varies from a\\nmillion to a million and a half of\\ndollars, annually. About 1200 ves-\\nsels of about 110 tons burthen are\\nannually employed during the sea-\\nson of navigation, in freighting lum-\\nber, timber, c., to various places.\\nThere are belonging to this place,\\nabout 100 sail of coasting vessels,\\n50 engaged in foreign commerce,\\nand 15 or 20 other vessels engaged\\nin the tisheries.\\nBangor was incorporated as a town\\nin 1791. In 1S34 it became a city.\\nIts government is under a Mayor\\nand seven Aldermen, who consti-\\ntute the upper Board and twen-\\nty-one Common Council men, who,\\nwhen they have elected a Presi-\\ndent, constitute the lower Board.\\nA city court sets every Monday.\\nThe site of the city is pleasant,\\ncommanding fine views of the riv-\\ners and the adjoining country. The\\nbuildings, both public and private,\\nare constructed with neatness and\\ntaste, and some in a style of supe-\\nrior elegance. Conveyances for\\ntravellers from the city are frequent\\nand comfortable both by land and\\nwater. A railroad is in operation\\nto Oldtown, 12 miles, and steam-\\ns\\nboats ply to and from Portland and\\nBoston, during the season of navi-\\ngation, which generally continues\\neight months in the year. The\\ngreat eastern railroad from Boston\\nwill doubtless reach this eastern city\\nbefore the lapse of many years.\\nOn the banks of the Penobscot,\\nwithin the city, three miles above\\nthe mouth of the Kenduskeag, is\\nwhat is called Fort Hill, the site\\nof a fortification, supposed to be the\\nancient Negas, destroyed by Cap-\\ntain Heath, with a party of men,\\nin 1725, who, it is said, fell on a\\nvillage of about 50 Indian houses,\\nand committed them to the flames.\\nThe Indians becoming alarmed, de-\\nserted them.\\nBangor is on one of the noblest\\nrivers in the Northern States the\\nproduct of an almost innumerable\\nnumber of tributary streams. Na-\\nture has seated Bangor at the nat-\\nural outlet of these mightj waters,\\nas the mart of one of the most ex-\\ntensive, and one of the richest al-\\nluvial basins east of the Ohio val-\\nley. It is true that this section of\\ncountry is in a high degree of lati-\\ntude, and that the icy chains of\\nwinter are felt with greater force\\nand for a longer period than in more\\nsouthern climes. But this seeming\\ndisadvantage is more than compen-\\nsated by the unrivalled purity of\\nthe air and water, two of the in-\\ndispensable requisitions of health\\nand longevit3^ There is probably\\nno portion of counti-y in the world\\nwhere the great staples of wheat,\\nbeef and wool can be produced with\\ngreater facilitj^ where surplus pro-\\nduce can find a market at less ex-\\npense, or where the industrious ag-\\nriculturalist can reap a more sur\u00c2\u00a9\\nreward. When the present popu-\\nlation of this immense territory,\\nextending from tide water to Mad-\\nawaska, is compared with that of\\nolder settlements of a less fertile\\nsoil, of less navigable facilities, and\\nin nearly as high a degree of latix\\ntude, the mind is favorably sti uck", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwith the flattering prospects of the\\nvalley of the Penobscot, and with\\npleasing anticipations of the pros-\\nperity of its city. See Register.\\nBaring, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nhounded N. by the St. Croix river,\\nE. by Calais and Robinston, and W.\\nby a large and beautiful pond which\\nempties into the St. Croix. Incor-\\nporated, 1825. Population, 1837,\\n286. The railroad froni Calais, 4\\nmiles, will soon be completed to\\nthis place. 209 miles N. E. by E.\\nfrom Augusta.\\nBarkliaiifipsteail, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. This town is wa-\\ntered by branches of Farmington\\nriver. The soil is more particular-\\nly adapted to grazing considerable\\nbeef and the products of the dairy\\nare sent to market. It is 26 miles\\nN. W. from Hartford, and 20 N. N.\\nE. from Litchfield. Population,\\n1830, 1,715. First settled, 1746.\\nIncorporated, 1779. Granite, iron\\nore and limestone are found here.\\nThe hilly part of the town presents\\nsome fine scenery. HitchcockviUe,\\nnorth of the centre of the town, is\\na flourishing; manufacturina: vi!lag;e,\\nwith great water privileges.\\nBarnard, Me.\\nAll the knowledge we can obtain\\nin regard to this town is, that it lies\\nin the county of Piscataquis, 108\\nmiles from Augusta that in 1837,\\nthere were 132 people in the town,\\nand that they raised 444 bushels of\\nwheat, the same year;- that this\\ntown received ^264 of the surplus\\nrevenue; that in 1837, Augustus\\nW. Walker and others, obtained an\\nact of the legislature for quarrying\\nslate, and that Stephen Palmer is,\\nor was, Postmaster.\\nNow, the good people of Barnard\\nare hereby respectfully requested\\nto give the editor their latitude and\\nlongitude, and other necessary in-\\nfoiTnatiQii for future editions. Cit-\\nizens of other towns, similarly sit-\\nuated, and of all toicns, who may\\nwish more full descriptions of their\\ni-esources, c. than we are able, at\\npresent, to give, are also requested\\nto forward their communications.\\nBarnard, Vt.\\nWindsor co. First settled, 1774.\\nIncorporated, 1778. Population,\\n1830, 1,881. It is watered by\\nBroad Brook which empties into\\nWhite river in Sharon and by Lo-\\ncust Creek, which also empties in-\\nto White river in Bethel. On this\\nCreek, during the revolutionaiy war,\\nthere was erected a Fort, where\\nthe militia of this and other towns\\nwere stationed as a defence against\\nIndian depredations they having\\nsurprised and carried to Canada a\\nnumber of its first settlers, in 1780.\\nIn the centre of this town is the\\nvillage, and a beautiful pond, from\\nwhich issues a stieam on which\\nthere are mills. On this Creek is\\nan establishment for the manufac-\\nture of starch from potatoes. This\\nstream joins its waters with the\\nCreek one mile from the pond. The\\nsurface of this town is hilly. The\\nsoil is well adapted to grazing; and\\nthere are but few towns that turn\\notT yearly more cattle, butter and\\ncheese, sheep and wool. The num-\\nber of sheep is about 6,000. It lies\\n10 miles north of Woodstock, and\\n40 miles south of Monlpelier.\\nIt is stated as a singular fact, that\\nthe firing on Bunker Hill, on the\\n17th of June, 1775, was distinctly\\nheard in this tov/n, 130 miles N.\\nW. from Charlestown.\\nBarnet, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This town lies on\\nConnecticut river, at the 15 mile\\nfalls, and opposite to Lyman, N. H.\\nIt has a good soil, and is an excel-\\nlent farming town, with slate and\\niron ore. It lies 35 milos E. from\\nMontpolier, 10 S. by E. from Dan-\\nville, and 65 N. by E. from Wind-\\nsor. Population, in 1830, 1,764.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "NE\\\\7 ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFirst settled, about 1763. Many of\\nthe inhabitants are of Scotch de-\\nscent. This town has a great waier\\npower on Passuaipsic and Stevens\\nrivers. On the latter, are falls of\\n100 feet, in the distance of 10 rods.\\nThis vvater power is improved by\\nthree ilannel and other manufacto-\\nries. There area number of pleas-\\nant and fertile islands in the river\\nbetween this place and Lyman, and\\nsome beautiful ponds in Barnet,\\nwhich afford tish of various kinds.\\nThis is quite a romantic place, and\\nlies at the head of navigation on\\nthe Connecticut river. In 183o,\\nthe product of the farms, carried to\\nmarket, amounted to $26, 3S1. One\\nfarmer sold 3,000 lbs. of butter, and\\n3,000 ibs. of pork. There are about\\n4,000 sheep in the town.\\nBarustal le County, Mass.\\nBarnstable is the chief town.\\nThis county was incorporated, 1685.\\nPopulation* 1820, 24 046\u00e2\u0080\u00941330, 23-\\n525\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and in 1837, 31,109; area,\\nabout 330 square miles. This coun-\\nty includes the whole of Cape Cod,\\nextending E. and N. into tlie At-\\nlantic ocean, and which Gosnold\\ndiscovered in 1602. It is bounded\\nN. W. by Plymouth county, and\\nW. by Buzzard s bay. Cape Cod\\nlies in the form of an arm, half open\\nthe elbow is at Chatham, 20 miles\\nE. of Barnstable the hand, the\\nwrist inclining inward, is at Race\\nPoint, 23 miles N. by V. of Chat-\\nham. The whole length of the\\nCape is 65 miles, and the average\\nbreadth about 5. This count} is\\nprincipally diluvium. Below the\\ntown of Barnstable the county is\\nquite sandy, so much so that the\\npeople are generally dependant on\\nBoston and other towns for a large\\nproportion of their meats and bread-\\nstuffs. This deticit is amply com-\\npensated by the unrivalled privi-\\nleges enjoyed, and well improved\\nby them, in the cod, mackerel and\\nother fisheries. This county has\\nbut little wood, but it is well stored\\nwith peat. About two millions of\\ndollars are invested in the manufac-\\nture of salt. There were manu-\\nfactured in this county in the year\\nending April 1, 1837, 669,064 bush-\\nels of^salt, valued at .$219,870. The\\nmanufactures of cotton and woollen\\ngoods, boots, shoes, iron castings,\\nglass, cabinet and tin wares, cord-\\nage, c., amounted to $496,602.\\nThere are in this county 370 ves-\\nsels employed in the whale, cod\\nand mackerel iisher5\\\\ The tonnage,\\n24,373 tons. The value of the fish-\\nery, in one year previous to April,\\n1837, was $557,737. Tonnage of\\nthe District, 1836, 30,278 tons. The\\nannual amount of tonnage of vessels\\nbuilt is about 1,000 tons; value,\\n$63,318. Total annual value of\\nthe fisheries and manufactures, $1,-\\n337,527. The number of sheep in\\nthe county in 1837, was 7,332.\\nBarnstable county is noted for its\\nfine sailors and men of superior nau-\\ntical talents. The ladies are cele-\\nbrated for their fair complexions\\nand good housewifery but are pe-\\nculiarly subject to the vicissitudes\\npertaining to a maritime situation.\\nBy a statement recently made, it\\nappears that there were in this\\ncounty nearly a thousand widows\\nliving, who had lost their husbands\\nby the dangers of the sea. In two\\ntowns, (Harwich and Wellfleet,)\\nthere were 223 widows who had\\nthus lost their companions. This\\ncounty has 13 towns and 91 inhabit-\\nants to a square mile.\\nBarnstable, Mass.\\nThis is the chief tow^n of Barn-\\nstable county, and a port of entry.\\nIt is 65 miles from Boston. Sandy\\nJVeck, on the N. side, forms a good\\nharbor for vessels of 8 feet of water.\\nHyannis, on the S. side, 6 miles S.\\nE. of Barnstable C. H., is now a\\ngood harbor but by an expensive\\nBreakioater, constructing at that\\nplace by the U. S. government, it\\nwill soon become perfectly safe\\nfix)m all winds, for all classes of", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nvessels navigating the Sound, and\\npassing round the Cape. The Pil-\\ngrim Fathers landed here, Nov.\\n11, 1620, and borrowed some corn\\nof the Mattacheeset Indians. The\\ncelebrated patriot, James Otis, was\\nborn here, Feb. 5, 1725. He died\\nat Andover, May 23, 178.3. The\\nmanufacture of salt was commenced\\nhere as early as 1779. It then sold\\nfor ,$6 a bushel. There were made\\n27,125 bushels of salt in this town\\nin 1837. Between 50 and 60 sail of\\nfishing and coasting vessels belong\\nto this place. This town has nu-\\nmerous ponds, a considerable water\\npower, some fine upland, and ex-\\ntensive salt marshes. The manu-\\nfacture of vessels, salt, boots, shoes,\\nhats, leather, cabinet ware, chairs,\\nand wooden ware, amounted in one\\nyear to $56,562. Pop. 1837, 4,017.\\nBarzistead, N. H.\\nBelknap co. This town lies 26\\nmiles W. by N. from Dover, 36 N.\\nW. from Portsmouth, and 20 N. E.\\nfrom Concord. Incorporated, 1767.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,047. Barnstead\\nis not mountainous, but has large\\nswells of land, good for grazing.\\nAbout 2,500 sheep are kept here.\\nThe soil is easy and productive.\\nThere are several ponds in this town\\nthe largest are the two Suncook\\nponds, which lie near each other,\\nBrindle pond, and Half-moon pond,\\non Alton line. These waters are\\nstocked with fish, and are discharg-\\ned into the Suncook. Barnstead\\nwas granted May 20, 1727, to the\\nRev. Joseph Adams and others.\\nSettlements commenced in 1767.\\nBarre, Vt.\\nA pleasant and flourishing town\\nin Washington county, six miles\\nS. of Montpelier, and 48 N. by W.\\nof Windsor. This is considered\\none of the best farming towns in\\nthe state. Large quantities of pot\\nand pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter\\nand cheese, are annually taken from\\nthis place to Boston market. About\\n7,000 sheep are kept here. It is\\nwell watered by Stevens and Jail,\\nbranches of Onion river, which afford\\ngood mill privileges. Inexhausti-\\nble quantities of granite are found\\nhere, of the excellent quality with\\nwhich the capitol at Montpelier is\\nbuilt. This is a great thoroughfare\\nfor travellers, particularly for large\\nteams from the north to Boston, by\\nthe Gulf road. A large number of\\nthese noted six and eight horse\\nteams are owned here. Barre was\\nfirst settled in 1788. Present pop-\\nulation, about 2,500.\\nBarre, Mass.\\nWorcester CO. This excellent ag-\\nricultural township is on high land,\\nand is well watered, particularly by\\nWare river, on which are many\\nmills. The manufactures of Barre\\nfor the year ending April 1, 1837,\\namounted to about $365,000. The\\narticles manufactured were woollen\\nand cotton goods, ($161,600) copper\\npumps, boots, shoes, carriages,\\nleather, paim-leaf hats, ($167,200)\\nstraw bonnets, axes, scythes, and\\ngunpowder. Large quantities of\\nbeef, butter, cheese, c., are an-\\nnually sent from this town to Bos-\\nton market. It was incorporated in\\n1774. Population, 1837, 2,713. It\\nlies 65 miles W. by S. from Boston,\\n24 N. by W. from Worcester, and\\n15 N. E. from Ware. Barre took its\\nname in honor of Col. Barre, an el-\\noquent friend of America in the\\nBritish Parliament.\\nEarriiigton, N. H.\\nStrafford co. It lies 20 miles N.\\nW. from Portsmouth, 10 W. from\\nDover, and 30 E. from Concord.\\nThe surface of Barringlon is some-\\nwhat broken and rocky, the soil be-\\ning principally a gravelly loam.\\nThe town is abundantly supplied\\nwith ponds, of which there are no\\nless than thirteen of considerable\\nmagnitude, from whence issue\\nstreams affording excellent mill\\nseats. At one of these mill seats.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\non the I\u00c2\u00abin2;lass river, is a perpen-\\ndicular fall of 30 feet. There is,\\nabout two miles from the centre of\\nthe town, a remarkable cavern, or\\nfissure in a rock, commonly called\\nthe DeviVs den. The entrance is\\non the side of a hill, and is suffi-\\nciently large to admit a person in a\\nstooping posture. Having entered\\n5 feet in a horizontal direction,\\nthere is a descent of 4 or 5 feet, on\\nan angle of 45 lai-ge enough only\\nto admit the bodj- of a middling siz-\\ned man. After squeezing through\\nthis passage, you enter a chamber\\n60 feet in length, from 10 to 15 in\\nheight, and from 3 to S in width.\\nCommunicating with this, are sev-\\neral other fissures of equal height,\\nand from 10 to 15 in length. Bar-\\nrington was incorporated May 10,\\n1722, and the settlement commen-\\nced in 1732. Population, 1830,\\n1,895.\\nBarriiigtoU; R. I.\\nBristol CO. This small town, of\\nabout 8 square miles, originally be-\\nlonged to Massachusetts. It was\\nattached to Rhode Island in 1746,\\nand incorporated in 1771. It is\\nbounded southerly by Narraganset\\nbay, and is well watered by Palm-\\ner s river, and by an inlet of War-\\nren river, over which is a bridge.\\nThe soil of the town is of a fertile,\\nsandy loam, and quite productive.\\nLarge quantities of sea-weed are\\ncollected on its shores. A large\\ntract in Barrington, called the\\ncove, now covered with water to\\na considerable depth, is supposed to\\nhave once been a forest, as timber\\nand fuel are obtained from its bot-\\ntom. Some salt is made in this\\ntown, and shell and other fish are\\nabundant. Barrington lies 8 miles\\nE. S. E. from Providence, and\\nabout 7 miles N. by W. fiom Bris-\\ntol. Population, 1830, 612.\\nBartlett, N. H.,\\nCoos CO., is 45 miles S. E. from\\nLancaster, 82 N. N. E. fi-om Con-\\ncord, and 85 N. N. W. from Ports-\\nmouth. It lies at the foot of the\\nWhite Mountains, on the eastern\\nside. Its soil is various, and, on the\\nSaco, in some parts, good. This\\nriver meanders through the centre\\nof the town. Bartlett was incorpo-\\nrated June 16, 1790. Population,\\n1830, 644.\\nBai toii, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This town derived\\nits name from Gen. William Barton,\\nof R. I., and was first settled in\\n1796. The town is well watered\\nby Barton river, which rises in\\nGlover, and empties into Memphre-\\nmagog lake. Here are several\\nponds containing good fish. Barton\\nis a thriving town, with a good hy-\\ndraulic power, and about 3,000\\nsheep. It lies 9 miles S. E. from\\nIrasburgh, and 40 N. E. from Mont-\\npelier. Population, 1830, 729.\\nBasin IIai-1 or, Vt.\\nSee Ferrishurgh.\\nBaskaliegau River, Me.\\nThis i-iver rises in a large lake of\\nthe same name, in the county of\\nWashington, near the line of New\\nBrunswick it passes westerly 15 or\\n20 miles, and falls into the Mata-\\nwamkeag, a tributary of the Pe-\\nnobscot.\\nBatli, Me.,\\nIn the county of Lincoln, is situ-\\nated on the west bank of Kennebec\\nriver, 12 miles from the sea, 32 N.\\nE. of Portland, and 31 S. from Au-\\ngusta. It is bounded E. by Ken-\\nnebec river, S. by Phipsburg, W.\\nby New Meadows river and Bruns-\\nwick, and N. by Merry meeting\\nbav. Population, in 1830, 3,773;\\nin ^^1835, 4,200, and in 1837,4,523.\\nIncorporated, 1780. An attempt\\nwas made by a missionary to settle\\nthis place, and preach to the fisher-\\nmen, as early as 1670. But the In-\\ndians would not permit it. A per-\\nmanent settlement was made in", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n1756. The principal business of\\nBath is commerce, trade and ship-\\nbuilding, for which it is admirably\\nwell located. There belonged to\\nthis port in 1835, 26 ships 32 brigs,\\n51 schooners, and smaller vessels.\\nTonnaoe of the distiict of Bath, in-\\neluding the waters of Kennebec\\nriver, in 1S37, 41,728 tons. Total\\nnumber of vessels belonging to the\\ndistrict of Bath, in 1835, 37 ships, 94\\nbrigs, 195 schooners, 10 sloops, and\\n1 steam-boat. Total, 337. The\\nharbor of Bath is seldom obstructed\\nby ice. Regular lines of steam-\\nboats ply between this place and\\nPortland and Boston, about three-\\nfourths of the year.\\nBatli, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., on Connecticut river,\\nis 32 miles N. of Dartmouth Col-\\nlege, 82 N. W. of Concord, and 9\\nN. of Haverhill. Bath is pleasant-\\nly situated in the vale of the Con-\\nnecticut, between the Green moun-\\ntains on the W., and the White\\nMountains on the E., by which it is\\neffectually shielded from high winds\\nand long storms. The Amonoosuck\\nriver waters the S. E. part, afford-\\ning many fine mill seats and water\\nprivileges. The Amonoosuck has\\na very convenient fall at the village,\\ncalculated to accommodate ma-\\nchinery to any extent. Two mills\\nfor the manufacture of cassimere,\\nand other machinery, are already\\nerected. -At the principal village,\\n(which is very pleasant,) there is a\\nconsiderable bridge over the Amo-\\nnoosuck, of 350 feet in length, built\\nin 1807. The soil on the hills is\\ngenerally a reddish loam, on a bed\\nof marl, or hard pan. In the val-\\nleys, it is alluvial. About one-sixth\\npart of the whole town is intervale\\nland. Much improvement has been\\nmade in the agriculture of this\\nplace 5,550. sheep are kept here.\\nThe town was granted, 1761, and\\nthe first settlement was made in\\n1765, by John Herriman from Ha-\\nverhill, Mass.\\n1,627.\\nPopulation, 1830,\\nBattenltill River.\\nThis river is about 45 miles in\\nlength. It rises in Dorset, and pass-\\ning Manchester, Sunderland and\\nArlington, it receives Roaring\\nBrook and other tributaries in Ver-\\nmont; it then passes into the state\\nof New York, and falls into the\\nHudson, three miles below Fort\\nMiller, and about 35 miles N. from\\nAlbany, N. Y.\\nBays and Harbors.\\nThe bays and harbors in New\\nEngland are generally mentioned\\nunder the places pertaining to them.\\nBear Camp River, N. H.,\\nIs formed of several branches ris-\\ning on the south side of Sandwich\\nand Albany mountains. The two\\nprincipal branches unite in Ossipee,\\nand fall into Ossipee lake on its\\nwestern border.\\nBear River, Me.,\\nRises in the highlands, near Um-\\nbagog lake, passes Newry, and\\nempties into the Androscoggin, op-\\nposite to Bethel,\\nBeclcet, Mass.,\\nAn elevated farming townsliip\\noh the Green mountain range, in\\nBerkshire county. Westfield, Farm-\\nington and Housatonick rivers re-\\nceive the waters of several ponds in\\nthis town. It has some small man-\\nufactures, and about 7,000 sheep.\\nThe town was incoiporated in 1765,\\nand lies 110 miles W. from Boston,\\n15 E. S. E. from Lenox, and 23 W.\\nfrom Northampton. Population,\\n1837, 957.\\nBeddingtoii, Me.\\nWashington co. There are sev-\\neral ponds in this town, which are\\namong the head waters of Pleasant\\nand Narraguagus rivers. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1833. Population, 1837, 169.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "NL.V^ ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nIt lies 35 miles N. W. from Machi-\\nas, and about 40 E. tVom Bangor,\\nBedford, ]V. H.\\nThis is a pleasant town in Hills-\\nborough county. It is 3 miles N.\\nE. from Amherst, 20 S. b E. from\\nConcord. Merrimack and Piscata-\\nquoag are the only rivers in this\\ntown. The latter passes through\\nits N. E. corner, where there is the\\npleasant and flourishing village of\\nPiscataquoag. This town has con-\\nsiderable very productive intervale\\nland. It has been noted for the\\ncultivation of hops and for its fine\\ndomestic manufactures. On the W.\\nline of Bedford, are a remarkable\\ngulf and precipice, which are ob-\\njects of curiosity. A considerable\\nbrook passes over the precipice, and\\nfalls about 200 feet within the dis-\\ntance of 100 yards. Here are found\\nseveral excavations in solid stone,\\nwhich are sufficiently large to con-\\ntain many persons. In mineralogy,\\nthis town aifords a great variety of\\nspecimens. Iron ore is found in\\ndifferent places, and in several vari-\\neties. Sulphuretof iron, imbedded\\nin common granite, and red oxide\\nof iron, combined with alumine, are\\ncommon. Black lead, pyritous cop-\\n.per, schorl, hornblende, epidote,\\ntalc, mic?i, black, yellow and green\\ngneiss, crystallized quartz, c. are\\nfound here. The first child born in\\ntown was Silas Barron, sonof Capt.\\nMoses Barron, in 1741. The town\\nwas incorporated. May 19, 1750.\\nBedford was the residence of many\\nIndians in former times. Near\\nGoffe s falls is a spot of ground,\\nabout ten rods long and four wide,\\nwhich is supposed to have been an\\nIndian burial place. Population,\\n1S30, 1,554.\\nBedford, Mass.\\nThis is a pleasant town in Middle-\\nsex county, and the source of Shaw-\\nsheen river. This town was for-\\nmerly parts of Concord and Billeri-\\nca, and was incorporated in 1729.\\nPopulation, 1837, 858. It lies 15\\nmiles N. \\\\V. from Boston, and 5 N.\\nE. from Concord. Bedford is bound-\\ned N. by Concord river. It has\\nsome manufactures principally of\\nboots and shoes.\\nBelcliertoira, Mass.,\\nA beautiful town in Hampshire\\ncounty, originally called Cold\\nSpring, 75 miles W. from Eo.-,ton,\\n11 E. from Northampton, and 27 E.\\nfrom Pittsfield. Population, 1837,\\n2,593. First settled, 1732. Incor-\\nporated, 1761. The soil of the\\ntown is of an excellent quality, and\\nwell improved. Large quantities\\nof wool are grown in this town. It\\nis separated from Ware by Swift\\nriver, on the N. The principal\\nmanufacture is that of pleasure\\nwagons, of which about 600 are an-\\nnually made. Mr. A, Shumway, of\\nthis place, has driven the sta^re be-\\ntween Belchertown and Northamp-\\nton 25 successive years. In that\\nperiod he made 15,000 trips, travel-\\nled 218,400 miles, and carried at\\nleast 124,000 passengers; yet, al-\\nthough his hours of travelling were\\nearly in the morning and late in\\nthe evening, he never broke a limb,\\noverturned his coach, or met with\\nany serious accident whatever, dur-\\ning his whole career.\\nBelfast, Me.,\\nIs the chief town of Waldo coun-\\nty, and a portof entr}% and is beau-\\ntifully situated on Belfast bay, on\\nthe W. side of Penobscot river. It\\nlies 40 miles E. from Augusta, SO\\nS. from Bangor, SO N. from Thom-\\naston, and, across Belfast bay, 12 W.\\nfrom Castine. The town was in-\\ncorporated in 1773, but not perma-\\nnently settled until about the year\\n17S5. There is considerable good\\nland in Belfast. In 1837 it pro-\\nduced 3,492 bushels of as good\\nwheat as ever grew on the prairies\\nof the boundless West. The\\nPaasaggassawakeag river passes\\nnear the centre of the town, and", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nadds much to the appearance of the\\nplace. The harbor is very good\\nit is guarded hy Long and Sears\\nislands, and has anchorage for a\\ngreat numberof vessels of the larg-\\nest class. The proximity of Bel-\\nfast to the sea, its site in relation to\\nPenobscot river, and its excellent\\nharbor, which was never known to\\nhave been obstructed by ice, but\\ntwice, (1780\u00e2\u0080\u00941815,) give it pe-\\nculiar advantages for foreign com-\\nmerce, the coasting trade, and the\\nfisheries. Considerable ship build-\\ning is carj ied on at this place. The\\ntonnage of the district of Belfast in\\n1837, was 29,342 tons. The principal\\nexports are lumber and fish. Pop-\\nulation, 1810,1,259; 1820, 2,026;\\n1830, 3,077, and in 1837, about\\n4,000. Belfast, although irregular-\\nly built, is a pleasant town, and is\\nan important winter mart of the\\ntrade of Penobscot river.\\nBelgrade, Me.\\nKennebec co. In this town are\\nparts of three large and beautiful\\nponds or lakes, well stored with tish.\\nThey are connected v^ ith each oth-\\ner, and find an outlet at Waterville.\\nThe scenery on the borders of these\\nwaters is truly delightful. It pro-\\nduced in 1837, 6,340 bushels of\\nwheat. Belgrade was incorporated\\nin 1796. Population, 1837, 1,4S3.\\nIt lies 10 miles N. W. from Augus-\\nta, and 69 N. by E. from Portland.\\nThe village at Belgrade Mills, 6\\nmiles from the centre of the town,\\nand 16 miles from Augusta, is a\\nvery flourishing place.\\nBellaiiay Bank, N. II.\\nA river, one branch of which is-\\nsues from Chesley s pond, in Bar-\\nrington, and the other fi-om low and\\nmarshy lands in the vicinity these\\nunite in Madbury, and after mean-\\ndering through the town, the wa-\\nters fall into the Piscataqua, on the\\nW. side of Dover Neck, where the\\nstream is called Back river.\\nBelliiigliam, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. The soil of this town\\nis light and sandy, and not very\\ngood for agricultural purposes. It\\nis finely watered by Charles river,\\nand has a good hydraulic power.\\nIts manufactures, consisting of cot-\\nton and woollen goods, straw bon-\\nnets, boots and shoes, amounted, in\\none year, to $127,837. It Hes 18\\nmiles S. W. fiom Dedham, 17 N.\\nby W. from Providence, R. I., and\\n28 S. W. from Boston. Population,\\n1837, 1,159. Incorporated, 1719.\\nIron ore is found here.\\nBellows Falls.\\nSee TValpole, JV. H.\\nBclnioiit, Me.\\nThis tow^n is well watered by the\\nPaasaggassawakeag, which rises\\nthere in a pond of that name, and\\nempties at Belfast, about 6 miles N.\\nIt lies 34 miles E. by N. fi-om Au-\\ngusta. In 1837, Belmont produced\\n3,435 bushels of wheat, and consid-\\nerable wool. Waldo county.\\nBelvidere, Vt.\\nLamoille co. A mountainous\\ntownship on the west side of the\\nGreen ^fountains, 32 miles N. E.\\nfrom Burlington, 32 N. from Mont-\\npelier, 27 E. by S. from St, Albans,\\nand watered by branches of La-\\nmoille i-iver. Incorporated, 1791.\\nPopulation, 1830, 185.\\nEeiiaiiisgtoii Comity, Vt.\\nBennington Sim] Manchester are\\nthe chief towns. This is the oldest\\ncounty in Vt., on the west side of\\nthe Gi een Mountoins. It is bound-\\ned on the north by Rutland county,\\non the east by Windham county,\\non the south by Berkshire county,\\nMass., and on the west by the state\\nof New York. It is 39 miles long\\nand 20 wide. Area, 610 square\\nmiles. Population, in 1820, 16,125\\n1830, 17,468. Inhabitants to square\\nmile, 28 The low lands are excel-", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlentjand produce good crops, but the\\nlargest portion of the county is\\nmountainous, and fit only for graz-\\ning. Many streams rise in the\\nmountains and descend to the ocean,\\nsome by the Hudson and some by\\nthe Connecticut, affording a great\\nhydrauhc power. Lead and iron\\nores of good quality are found in\\nthis county, and large quarries of\\nbeautiful white marble. The num-\\nber of sheep in this county in 1837\\nwas 69,823.\\nBeuniiigtoii; Vt.\\nOne of the chief towns of Ben-\\nnington county. It lies 120 miles\\nS. W. by S. from Montpelier, 25 S.\\nfrom Manchester, and 30 east from\\nTroy, N. Y. Population, 1330,\\n3,419. Present population, about\\n4,200. First settled, ITGl. The town\\nis situated high above the great riv-\\ners and the ocean, yet we find it of\\ngood alluvial soil, delightfully en-\\ncircled by ever-green mountains. It\\nabounds in iron ore, manganese,\\nochre and marble. The streams\\nare numerous and afford excellent\\nmill sites. The products of the\\nsoil consist of all the varieties com-\\nmon to New England. Great at-\\ntention is paid to the rearing of\\nsheep about 7000 of those useful\\nanimals feed on the hills and valleys.\\nThere are in Bennington, 6 cotton\\nand 3 woollen factories, a very ex-\\ntensive iron foundry, 2 furnaces, a\\npaper mill, flouring mills, .c. The\\npublic schools justly sustain an ele-\\nvated rank. Bennington is finely\\nlocated for the muses. On the bor-\\nder of this town, about 6 miles W.\\nof the court house, the gallant\\nStark, with a small band of North-\\nern Yeomen, celebrated for\\ntheir bravery, gained an important\\nvictory over the British, August 16,\\n1777. The fame of that battle is\\nas imperishable as the mountains\\nwhich overshadov/ the ground.\\nShame to the country there is\\nnot a stone to mark the spot\\nBenson, .Vt.\\nRutland co. This town, on Lake\\nChamplain, was first settled in 1783.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,493. It lies 75\\nmiles S. W. from Montpelier, 20. W.\\nN. W. from Rutland, and opposite\\nto Putnam, N. Y. The lake at this\\nplace is about a mile in width. The\\ntown has some streams affording\\nmill sites, but none of great im-\\nportance. The waters are generally\\nbrackish and unpleasant. A stream\\nissues from a swamp in this town,\\nand after running a short distance,\\npasses through the base of a high\\nhill, a distance of more than half a\\nmile. Benson has good pine, ma-\\nple, walnut, oak and beech timber,\\nand a bog of marl resembling ful-\\nler s earth. There are about 14,000\\nsheep in this town.\\nBci- kley, Pilass.\\nBristol CO. Berkley lies 37 miles\\nS. from Boston, 18 E. from Provi-\\ndence, and 5 S. from Taunton. Pop-\\nulation, in 1837, 873. Taken from\\nDighton in 1735, from which it is\\nseparated by Taunton river. Some\\ncoasting vessels belong to this place,\\nand some ship building is carried on.\\nAssonet village, on Taunton river,\\nat Dighton and Berkley bridge,\\nis the principal place of business.\\nBerkshire County, Mass.\\nLenox is the chief town. This\\ncountv was incorporated in 1770.\\nPopulation, 1820,35,666; 1830,37-\\n825, and in 1837, 39,101 area, 860\\nsquare miles. Bounded N. by Ben-\\nnington county, Vt., V/. by Rensse-\\nlaer and Columbia counties, N. Y.,\\nS. by Litchfield county, Ct., and\\nE. by Franklin, Hampshire and\\nHampden counties. This county\\nis rough and hilly in many parts,\\nbut it affords considerable very fine\\nland, and produces much wool,\\nall sorts of grain, and exports great\\nquantities of beef, pork, butter, c.\\nThe number of sheep in this coun-\\nty in 1837, was 136,962. Berkshire", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nis the most elevated county in the\\nstate. The Green and Taughkannic\\nMountains cross it from N. to S.;\\nthe average height of which is about\\n1,200 feet above the level of the\\nsea. The Housatonick and Hoo-\\nsick are its chief rivers. The for-\\nmer empties into Long Island Sound;\\nthe latter into the Hudson 29\\ntowns 45 inhabitants to a square\\nmile. This county possesses, in\\nrich and inexhaustible abundance,\\nthree of the most important articles\\nof the commerce of the world, Iron,\\nMarble and Lime, and its wood and\\nwater power are fully sufficient to\\nenable it to fit them for the pur-\\nposes of life. The tonnage of this\\ncounty to its marts of trade, princi-\\npally on the Hudson, amounted, in\\n1834, to no less than 34,075 tons.\\nAt the present time it probably ex-\\nceeds 40,000 tons. The enterprize\\nof a railroad from Boston to Albany\\nwill soon be accomplished, and can-\\nnot fail of being exceedingly benefi-\\ncial, not only to this county, but to\\nthe commonwealth at large.\\nBerJtslili e, Vt.\\nFranklin co. Elihu M. Royce,\\nson of Stephen Royce, was the first\\nchild born in this town. That event\\noccurred in 1793. On Missisque\\nand Trout rivers, which water this\\ntown, is some fine intervale land.\\nPike river, from Canada, atFords\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Berkshire a great water power.\\nThis town lies 50 miles N. W. from\\nMontpelier, 22 N. E. by E. from\\nSt. Albans, and 31 N. E. by N.\\nfrom Burlington. Population, 1830,\\n1,303. About 3,000 sheep.\\nBerlin, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town is bounded\\nE. by Phillips, S. by Weld and W.\\nby Byron. It lies 100 miles N.\\nfrom Portland, 45 N. W. from Au-\\ngusta, and about 40 N. from Paris.\\nPopulation, 1837, 470. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 2,175 bushels.\\nBerlin, N. H.\\nCoos CO. This town, from 1771\\nto 1829, was called Maynesborough.\\nThe Androscoggin and Amonoo-\\nsuck rivers pass through it. It is\\nabout 20 miles E. from Lancaster,\\nand 125 N. fiom Concord. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 73.\\nBerlini, Vt.\\nThis is a pleasant town in Wash-\\nington county, watered by Onion and\\nDog rivers, Stevens branch, and a\\nnumber of ponds, furnishing good\\nmill sites, and excellent fishing.\\nThe land is somewhat broken, but,\\nof strong soil and good for tillage.\\nConsiderable manufactures are pro-\\nduced in this town, and about 6,000\\nsheep. There is a mineral spring\\nhere of little note. First settled in\\n1786. Population, 1830, 1,664.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBerlin is bounded N. by Montpe-\\nlier and E. by Barre.\\nBerlin, Mass.\\nWorcester co. T aken from Bol-\\nton, in 1784. Population, 1837,\\n724. It lies 15 miles N. E. from\\nWorcester, 31 W. by N. from Bos-\\nton, and 7 S. E. from Lancaster.\\nA branch of the Assabet affords\\nthis town good water privileges.\\nLarge quantities of hops are pro-\\nduced here some wool, and some\\nbaskets.\\nBerlin, Ct.\\nHartford co. Taken from Far-\\nmington, inl785. Population, 1830,\\n3,047. This town lies 11 miles S.\\nfrom Hartford, and 23 N. from New\\nHaven. The surface of Berlin\\nis hilly, but productive of grass,\\ngrain and fruits. There are in the\\ntown about 2,000 sheep. The vil-\\nlages of Worthington and JVew\\nBritain are very pleasant, and the\\nmanufactures of brass, tin and oth-\\ner wares, there pursued, are very\\nextensive and flourishing. The first\\nmanufacture of tin ware in this\\ncountry was commenced at this\\nplace, in about the year 1770, by\\nEdvt^ard Patterson, a native of Ire-\\nland. Mr. Patterson peddled his", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nware about the country, on foot, in\\nbaskets his successors in the man-\\nufacture did the same, until the uses\\nand value of the article becoming\\nknown, and the demand increasing,\\nhorses and wagons were employed\\nand thus this important manufac-\\nture of New England v/as trans-\\nported to all parts of the country.\\nBei iiardstoii, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This is a township\\nof superior land for agricultural\\npurposes, considerably elevated, be-\\ntween Fall and Connecticut rivers.\\nIt was formerly called Fall Toicn.\\nThere was a fort here in 1746,\\nwhen this part of the county was\\npeopled mostly by Indians. It was\\nincorporated, by its present name,\\nin 1764. It lies 96 miles W. by N.\\nfrom Boston, and 7 N. from Green-\\nfield. Population, 1S37,S7S. Bald\\nand West mountains afford delight-\\nful scenery the former is 630 feet\\nabove the waters of the Connecti-\\ncut. Here are springs containing\\nmagnesia, sulphur and iron. Ber-\\nnardston produced, in one year,\\n16,000 bushels of corn and rye, and\\n5,000 barrels of cider. There are\\n3,022 sheep in this town, and some\\nmanufactures of shoes, leather,palm-\\nleaf hats, and scythe snaiths.\\nBerwicic, Me.\\nYork CO. This town lies on the\\nE. side of Salmon river, about 14\\nmiles S. S. W. from Alfred, 45 S.\\nW. from Portland, and 9S S. W.\\nfrom Augusta. Berwick has con-\\nsiderable trade in lumber. Incor-\\nporated, 1713. Population, 1837,\\n1,799.\\nBetliaiiy, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. Taken from\\nWoodbridge, in 1832. It lies 10\\nmiles N. by from New Ha-\\nven. Some portion of this town\\nis good land and well cultivated,\\nbut a large part of it is mountain-\\nous, and fit only for the growth of\\nwood. Beacon mountain, between\\nBethany and Naugatuck river, pre-\\nsents some wild and picturesque\\nfeatures.\\nBethel, Me.\\nOxford CO. Incorporated in 1796.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,864. Bethel\\nlies 18 miles N. V*^. from Paris, 61\\nN. W. from Portland, and 63 W.\\nfrom Augusta. This town is bound-\\ned N. and W. by Androscoggin riv-\\ner, and S. by Greenwood. This is\\na fine farming town, and produced\\n5,214 bushels of wheat in 1837.\\nBetliel, Vt.\\nWindsor CO. This town was first\\nsettled in 1780, and was the fir^t\\ntown chartered by the governr i i;L\\nof Vermont. It lies 31 miles S. l- v\\nW. from Montpelier, and 30 N. Vv V\\nfrom Windsor. Population, 1830,\\n1,240. Bethel is watered by\\nbranches of White river, and pos-\\nsesses good mill sites. Soap stone\\nis found here in groat quantities\\nand of good quality much of it is\\nsawed and transported. Garnet in\\nsmall, but perfect crystals, is also\\ncomm^on. The surface of Bethel is\\nbroken and mountainous, but the\\nsoil is warm and good for grazing.\\nIt has about 8,000 sheep. Consid-\\nerable business is done at both vil-\\nlages. East and West the latter\\nis the largest.\\nBetliel, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This is a pleasant\\nand flourishing village, in the town\\nof Danbury, and about 3 miles N.\\nW. from the centre of that town.\\nThere are about fifty dwelling hous-\\nes in the village, and about thirty\\nwork shops or factories. The man-\\nufacture of hats and combs is the\\nprincipal business of the place, and\\nlarge quantities of both are annu-\\nally transported to Boston, New\\nYork and other places.\\nBetlileliem, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., is bounded N. by\\nWhitefield and Dalton, E. by Car-", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nroll and ungrauted land, S. by Fran-\\nconia and Lisbon, and N. W. by-\\nLittleton. It is watered by Great\\nAmonoosuck river. The soil pro-\\nduces good crops of grass and grain.\\nThere is plenty of pine timber and\\nsugar maple. Iron ore, both of the\\nmountain and bog kind, has been oc-\\ncasionally found. Two mineral\\nsprings have been discovered.\\nBethlehem was settled in 17.90.\\nIt was incorporated Dec. 27, 1799.\\nPopulation, 1830, 665.\\nHetlileliem, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. This town is 38\\nmiles W. S. W. from Hartford, 32\\nN. W. by W. from New Haven,\\nand 8 S. from Litchfield. It was\\ntaken from Woodbury in 1787. It\\nis hilly, with a gravelly loam, and\\nfit for grazing and the growth of\\nrye. It lias 2,000 sheep. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 906. The town is wa-\\ntered by Pomperaug river, a branch\\nof the Housatonick.\\nBeverly, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This tov\u00c2\u00bbrn lies N. of\\nSalem, a-nd is united to it by abridge\\nacross the North river, built in 1783,\\n1,500 feet in length. The people\\nof this town are noted for their en-\\nterprise in commerce and the fish-\\neries. There are some merchant\\nvessels belonging to this place,\\nabout 50 sail of fishermen, and 20\\ncoasters. The annual value of the\\nfisheries at Beverly is about $100,-\\n000. The manufactures, consisting\\nof Britannia ware, tin and cabinet\\nwares, chairs, hats, boots, hair, mus-\\ntard and bricks, amounted in one\\nyear to about $120,000. The pros-\\nperity of this town has not suffered\\nby the growth of luxury or excess of\\ntrade its fisheries and manufactur-\\ning concerns are steady and pro-\\ngressive. First settled, 1626. In-\\ncorporated, 1688. Population, 1830,\\n4,079\u00e2\u0080\u00941837, 4,609. Among many\\ndistinguished men who have lived\\nand died at Beverly, was Captain\\nThomas Lothrop, who commanded\\nthe Flower of Essex, a compa-\\nny of young iiien from this county,\\nand who were, with their leader,\\nalmost wholly cut off by the In-\\ndians, at Bloody Brook, in 1675.\\nBiddeford, Me.\\nYork CO. On the S. side of Saco\\nriver, and connected with the town\\nof Saco by a bridge. The town\\nextends down the river to the sea,\\nand includes a point of land called\\nFletcher s Neck, off which are\\nseveral small islands; on one of\\nwhich. Wood Island, is a revolving\\nlight. This is a good township for\\nagricultural pursuits, the coasting\\ntrade, ship building, and the fish-\\nery. It lies 38 miles N. E. from\\nYork, 15 S. W. from Portland, and\\n69 S. W. from Augusta. First\\npermanently settled, 1630. Incor-\\nporated, 1718. Population, 1837,\\n2,278. See Saco.\\nBillerica, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This town is wa-\\ntered by the Concord and Shaw-\\nsheen rivers, and has a pleasant vil-\\nlage, on high ground, near the cen-\\ntre. Its soil is good and well im-\\nproved. The Middlesex canal and\\nthe Boston and Lowell rail road pass\\nthrough the easterly part of the\\ntown. First settled, 1653. Incor-\\nporated, 1655. Population, 1837,\\n1,498. Here are some manufactures\\nof woolen cloth, boots, leather,\\nwooden ware, straw bonnets, shav-\\ning and splitting knives, bed bind-\\ning, soft soap, and spirits. Billerica\\nfies 18 miles N. W. from Boston,\\n7 S. S. E. from Lowell, and 7 N. E.\\nby N. from Concord.\\nBimgliaian, Me.\\nSomerset co. On the eastern\\nbank of Kennebec river, opposite\\nto Concord, 26 miles N. from Nor-\\nridgewock, 118 N. N. E. from Port-\\nland, and 55 N. from Augusta. In-\\ncorporated, 1812. Population, 1837,\\n701. In 1837, 2,548 bushels of\\nwheat was raised in this town.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBlack Rivers.\\nBlack river, in Windsor county,\\nVt. is 35 miles in length. It rises\\nin Plymouth, passes Ludlow, Cav-\\nendish and Weathersfield, and falls\\ninto the Connecticut at Springfield.\\nThis river passes through many nat-\\nural ponds, and affords a great num-\\nber of mill seats.\\nBlack river, in Orleans county,\\nVt. is about 30 miles in length. It\\nrises in some ponds in Craftsbury,\\nand passing through Albany, Iras-\\nburg, and Coventry, it falls into\\nMemphremagog lake at Salem.\\nBlack river, in Somei set county.\\nMe. is one of the head branches of\\nthe Walloostook.\\nBlackstoiie River, Mass.\\nThe most inland branch of this\\nriver rises between Paxton and Hol-\\nden. It passes Worcester, and tlie\\nponds in Shrewsbury pay it the tri-\\nbute of their waters. After pass-\\ning Auburn, Grafton, Millbury,\\nSutton, Northbrido;e. Uxbrid2;e and\\nMendon, it passes into the state of\\nRhode Island, where it changes its\\nname to Pawtucket, and meets the\\ntide waters in Providence river.\\nBlacltAvater River, Bf. H.\\nBlackwater river, N. H. so called\\nfrom its dark appearance, is formed\\nby two small streams, one of which\\nrises in Danburj^ and the other is-\\nsues from Pleasant pond, in New\\nLondon. These branches unite\\nsoon after crossing the W. line of\\nAndover, and form the Blackwater,\\nwhich passes through the S. W. part\\nof that town from thence through\\nthe W. part of the towns of Salisbu-\\nry and Boscawen into Hopkinton,\\nwhere it empties into Contoocook\\nriver,\\nBlaucliard, Me.\\nPiscataquis CO. This town lies 116\\nmiles from Augusta. In 1837, 795\\nbushels of wheat was raised here.\\nPopulation, same year, 261. See\\nBarnard, Me.\\n4*\\nBlaiidford, Mass.\\nHampden co. Branches of West-\\nfield river rise in this town and give\\nit a good water power. Blandford\\nwas incorporated in 1741. It was\\noriginally settled by a company from\\nthe north of Ireland. It lies 114\\nmiles W. by S. from Boston, and 15\\nW, by N. from Springfield. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,443. The manufac-\\ntures of the place consist of woolen\\ncloth, paper and leather. Annual\\namount, $50,500. The agricultu-\\nral products sent to market in 1836,\\namounted to ^22,340. There were\\nin the town 1,535 cows and 1,822\\nmerino sheep.\\nBlock Islaud, R. I.\\nSee JVew Slioreham.\\nBloody Brook, Mass.\\nSee Deerfield.\\nBloomHeld, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1814, and lies on Ken-\\nnebec river, 33 miles N. from Au-\\ngusta and 7 below Norridgewock,\\nopposite to Skowhegan. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,053. Bloomfield is a\\nfine township of land, and produced\\nin 1837 5,080 bushels of wheat.\\nBlooniiield, Vt.\\nEssex CO. Bloomfield lies on the\\nW. side of Connecticut river, and is\\nalso watered by branches of the\\nNulhegan. Population, 1830, 150.\\nIt is about 20 miles N. from Guild-\\nhall, and 60 N. E. from Montpelier.\\nBloomHeld, Ct.\\nHartford co. This was formerly\\na parish in Windsor, called Winton-\\nbury. It derived its name from the\\ncircumstance of the parish being\\nformed from Windsor, Farmington\\nand Simsbury the name Win-ton-\\nbury being a part of the name of\\neach of those towns. It was incor-\\nporated into a town in 1835. The\\ninhabitants enjoy a fine soil, and cul-\\ntivate it with great industry, pro-", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nducing large crops of grass and\\ngrain, with an abundance of choice\\nfruit. It lies about six miles N.\\nfrom Hartford. Population, about\\n1,400.\\nEliie Hill and Bay, Me.\\nHancock co. The town lies at\\nthe head of a large bay, of the same\\nname, 12 miles E. from Castine,\\nand 78 E. from Augusta. There\\nare several large ponds in Blue Hill,\\nand a hill of 960 feet in height, from\\nwhich delightful marine scenery is\\npresented. Incorporated 1789. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,808. The bay has\\nLong and other islands inside and\\noutside, Burntcoat, and a group of\\nsmaller islands. Blue Hill bay is\\nconnected with Penobscot bay and\\nriver by a passage between the\\nislands and main land, of about 12\\nmiles. It lies about 16 miles W.\\nfrom Frenchman s bay.\\nBlme Hills.\\nThe first range of mountains on\\nthe eastern coast of New Hamp-\\nshire and Maine and the elevated\\nlands in Milton, Mass. are thus de-\\nnominated, in consequence of their\\nblue or cloud-like appearance, at a\\ndistance, on the ocean.\\nBoar s Head, W. M.\\nSee Hampton.\\nBolton, Vt.\\nChittenden co. Population, 1830,\\n452, 17 miles S. E. from Burling-\\nton, and 17 N. W. from Montpelier.\\nIncorporated, 1763. Bolton lies on\\nthe western side of the Green\\nMountains. Onion river passes\\nthrough the town, on the banks of\\nwhich most of the inhabitants re-\\nside.\\nBolton, Mass.\\nA good farming town in the coun-\\nty of Worcester, 31 miles W. by N,\\nfrom Boston, and 15 N. N. E. from\\nWorcester. Incorporated, 1738.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1 ,185. It lies be-\\ntween Concord and Nashua rivers.\\nHere are good limestone, and small\\nmanufactures of boots, shoes, leath-\\ner and combs.\\nBolton, Ct.\\nTolland co. This town lies 14\\nmiles E. from Hartford, and 10 milep\\nS, by W. from Tolland. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 744. The soil is a coarse,\\nhard, gravelly loam, fit only for\\ngrazing. It is within the granite\\nregion of the eastern section of the\\nstate. The Bolton Stone Quarry is\\nquite noted. Tlie stone is a spe-\\ncies of slate, of a brilliant light\\ngray color, composed of mica and\\nquartz, and is excellent for flagging\\nand other purposes. It is extensive-\\nly used in the principal cities of the\\nUnited States. For strength it ex-\\nceeds any other known in this coun-\\ntry, and the demand for it is rapidly\\nincreasing. The supply is inex-\\nhaustible.\\nBoon Island, Me.,\\nA ledge of rocks, with a light-\\nhouse thereon about 9 miles E.\\nfrom Kittery. Near this island the\\nsteamboat New England, on her\\npassage from Boston to Gardiner,\\nmet a fatal disaster, by coming in\\ncontact with a loaded coaster, on the\\nnight of the 28st of May, 1838, by\\nwhich many valuable lives were\\njeopardized.\\nEootliTSjay, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town is bound-\\ned W by the mouth of Sheepscot\\nriver, N. by Edgecomb, E. by\\nDamariscotta river, and S. by the\\nocean. It is nearly surrounded by\\nwater, and is noted for its excellent\\nharbor. Its maritime situation ren-\\nders it a place of considerable busi-\\nness in the coasting trade and fish-\\neries. This town lies 39 miles S. S.\\nE. from Augusta, 12 E. N. E. from\\n\u00c2\u00a5/iscasset, 60 E. N. E. from Port-\\nland, and about 40 miles S. W. by\\nW. from Owl s Head, by water.\\nBoothbay is a fine watering place.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand many visit it, in summer months,\\nfor health or pleasure. Here may\\nbe found all the enjoyments of sea\\nair and bathing fishing and fowl-\\ning; ocean and island scenery; for\\nwhich JVahant, in Massachusetts\\nbay, is justly celebrated. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1764. Population, 1837, 2,5(32.\\nBoscaAveu, N. M.\\nMerrimack co. Boscawen is sit-\\nuated between Concord and Salis-\\nbury, on the W. side of Merrimack\\nriver. Bo cawen is 3 miles N. W.\\nfrom Concord. Besides the J^.Ierri-\\nmack, the west part of this town is\\nwatered by Blackwater river, run-\\nning nearly parallel with the for-\\nmer, through the whole extent of\\nthe town, and about five miles dis-\\ntant from it. It is not a large stream,\\nbut very important, both on account\\nof the fertile fields of champaign\\non its borders, and the numerous wa-\\nter privileges it affords. There are\\ntw^o ponds of some note. Great pond,\\nnear the centre of the town, Long\\npond, in the west part, and mill seats\\nat the outlet of each. Boscawen is\\nof a deep, productive soil, affording\\nmany excellent farms delightfully\\nsituated. The surface, when view-\\ned from its highest parts, appears\\nuncommonl} level. From the nu-\\nmerous streams of living water, and\\nfrom the peculiar direction of the\\nswells of the hills, this town prob-\\nably derives that pure air and uni-\\nform temperature which are so con-\\nducive to health. The principal\\nvillage is in the east section of the\\ntown. It is situated on a spacious\\nstreet nearly two miles in length,\\nvery straight and level. Here the\\neye of the traveller is attracted and\\ndelighted by the fertile intervales\\nand windings of the river Merri-\\nmack. There is another village on\\na pleasant eminence near the west\\nmeeting house. Boscawen was\\ngranted by Massachusetts in 1733.\\nThe proprietors gave to it the name\\nof Contoocook, after the Indian\\nname of the river. It received its\\npresent name when it was incorpo-\\nrated, April 22, 1760, from Edward\\nBoscawen, a celebrated English ad-\\nmiral then on the American station.\\nThe first settlement commenced\\nearly in the season of 1734. Abi-\\ngail Danforth was the first child\\nborn in the town. The Indians\\nmade frequent predatory incursions\\non the inhabitants. See Duston s\\nIsland.\\nAmong the deceased citizens of\\nthis place entitled to respectful no-\\ntice, are, Geoi ge Jackman, Esq.,\\nthe first town clerk, who continued\\nin office 36 years. He was appoint-\\ned a justice of the peace under\\nGeo. II. and continued in that office\\nduring air successive changes down\\nto ISIS.\\nRev. Samuel Wood, D. D., for\\nmore than half a century the min-\\nister of Boscawen, was distinguish-\\ned for his learning and piety.\\nHon. Ezekiel Webster, a native\\nof Salisbury, resided here many\\nyears. He was an eminent barris-\\nter at law, of extraordinary talents,\\nand great private worth. He died\\nin the court house, at Concord,\\nApril 10, 1829, aged 49, beloved\\nand lamented by all who knew his\\ncharacter. Population, 1830, 2,093.", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCounty of Suffolk. The ancient city of Bostgiv, the capital of Mas-\\nsachusetts, and of New England, and the birth place of Aiaerican Free-\\ndom, is naturally divided into three sections Old Boston, South Boston,\\nand East Boston, situated at the western extremity of Massachusetts\\nBay. The peninsula on which Old Boston is built, extends from Roxbu-\\nry, on the south, to Winnesimet Ferry, on the north, and is nearly sur-\\nrounded by the waters of Boston harbor on the east, and Charles river\\non the north and west. Its length is nearly three miles, and its average\\nbreadth about one mile. It originally contained about 700 acres, but its\\nterritory has been greatly extended, by filling up around its borders. Its\\nsurface is quite uneven. It has numerous eminences, rising from 50 to\\n110 feet above the sea, affording admirable sites for building, and giving\\nto it a peculiarly romantic appearance. It is in north Lat. 42^^ 21 23\\nand west Lon. 71\u00c2\u00b0 4 9 It lies 163 miles S. S. W. from Augusta, Me.\\n63 S. S. E. from Concord, N. H. 160 S. E. by S, from Montpelier, Vt.\\n158 E. (19 S.) from Albany, N. Y. 40 N. N. E. from Providence, R. I.\\n97 E. N. E. from Hartford, Ct. 207 N. E. by E. from New York, and\\n432 miles N. E. by E. from Washington. Its Indian name was Shaw-\\nmut. It was called by the first settlers Tramount, Tremont, or Tri-\\nmountain, from three hills nearly in its centre. It took its present name\\non the 7th of Sept., 1630, in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, second min-\\nister of the first church, who came from Boston, in England. The orig-\\ninal proprietor of this territory was John Blackstone, who, soon after its\\nsettlement by Winthrop and others, removed to Rhode Island. Boston\\nwas incorporated as a city, February 23, 1S22.\\nSouth. Boston.\\nThis part of Boston was set off from Dorcheste r, by legislative enact-\\nment, March the 6th, 1804. It is bounded south by Dorchester Bay,\\nand spreads about two miles on the south side of the harbor, above the\\nforts. It contains about 600 acres, and is laid out into reguJar streets and\\nsquares. The surface of this part of Boston is exceedingly picturesque.\\nIn about the centre of this tract, and about two miles from the City Hall,\\nthe memorable Dorchester Heights rear their heads 130 feet above\\nthe sea, from which is presented a splendid view of Boston, its harbor,\\nand the surrounding country. It is connected with Old Boston by two\\nbridges. This part of Boston is rapidly increasing in population and\\nwealth. The Washington House, now the Asylum for the blind,\\nnear the Heights, is a noble building, and a delightful residence.", "height": "3410", "width": "1960", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nEast Boston.\\nThis section of the city, until recently, had been called A ^oddle s Isl-\\nand. It lies about 660 yards N. E. from Old Boston, and about the same\\ndistance from Charlestown. It is divided from Chelsea by Chelsea Creek,\\n600 feet wide, over which is a bridge, and from which is an excellent\\nroad to the Salem turnpike. The Eastern rail-road, to Salem, Newbu-\\nryport, c., commences at East Boston. The island contains about 660\\nacres of land, and a large body of flats. It was purchased by a compa-\\nny of enterprizing gentlemen in 1832. They were incorporated in March,\\n1833, and the first house was commenced in October of the same year.\\nA steam-boat ferry is established between this place and Old Boston,\\nstarting from each side every five minutes. The time occupied in cross-\\ning is about three minutes. A ferry is about being established between\\nthis island and Charlestown. The surface of the island is pleasingly va-\\nriegated, and affords delightful sites for dwelling houses and gardens\\nat moderate prices. This place is well located for manufactories of vari-\\nous kinds particularly for ship building, and all those branches of me-\\nchanics connected with navigation. See Appendix.\\nThe Maverick Hotel is a large and splendid building, occupying a\\ncommpdious site. This house is named in honor of Samuel Maverick,\\nwho owned the island and resided there in 1630, and who is said to have\\nmade some figure in the history of after times a man of very loving\\nand courteous behavior, and very ready to entertain strangers.\\nBoston Harbor,\\nExtends across Light House Channel and Broad Sound, from Point Al-\\nderton on Nantasket, to Point Shirley in Chelsea, a distance, between the\\nislands, of about 4 miles. It is safe, and of ample capacity for the larg-\\nest navy. The most important part of this harbor is entered by a narrow\\npass, between two and three miles below the city and Navy Yard; and is\\nwell protected by two powerful forts Independence and Warren. The\\nouter harbor, below these forts, will shortly be protected by a very pow-\\nerful fortress now erecting on George s Island, at a great expense, by the\\ngovernment of the United States. Boston harbor contains many islands\\nof great beaut) and is the reservoir of the Mystic, Charles, JVeponset,\\nManatiquot and other rivers. Its borders are environed by the towns\\nof Hull, Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, Quincy, Dorchester, Roxbu-\\nry, Brookline, Cambridge, Charlestown, and Chelsea and the numerous\\nsmall bays, coves and inlets, indenting their shores, give great variety,\\nand add much to the scenery of this delightful harbor.\\nOwing to the almost insular situation of Boston, and its limited extent,\\nits population appears small. But it must be couvsidered that the neigh-", "height": "3400", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nborini? towns of Quincy, Dorchester, Milton, Roxbury, Biookline, Brigh-\\nton, Watcrtovvn, Cambridge, Charlestown, Medford, Maiden, and Chel-\\nsea, although not included in the city charter, are component parts of the\\ncity, and are as much associated with it in all its commercial, manufac-\\nturing, literary, and social relations and feelings, as Greenwich, Man-\\nhattanville, and Harlem are with the city of New York; or Southwark\\nand the Northern Liberties with Philadelphia.\\nThe population of Boston in 1700, was 7,000\u00e2\u0080\u00941722, 10,567\u00e2\u0080\u00941765,\\n15,520\u00e2\u0080\u00941790, 18,033\u00e2\u0080\u00941800, 24,937\u00e2\u0080\u00941810, 33,250-1320,43,298-1830,\\n61,391\u00e2\u0080\u00941837, 80,325, and in 1840, 93,470.\\nAvenues.\\nThe peninsular situation of Boston requires many artificial avenues to\\nand from the surrounding country. Until 1736, the Neck, between\\nBoston and Roxbury, one mile and 117 feet in length, was the only pas-\\nsage to it by land.. On the 17th June, of that year, the Charles Rwer\\nBridge, leading from Boston to Charlestown, was opened for travel. It\\nwas incorporated, March 9, 1735. This bridge is 1,503 feet in length, 42\\nin breadth, and cost $50,000. Net revenue in 1834, $9,383. This\\nbridge by its charter becomes state property in 1856.\\nWest Boston Bridge, leading to Cambridge, was opened on the 23d\\nof November, 1793. It was incorporated March 9, 1792. Length of\\nthe bridge, 2,758 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 abutment and causeway, 3,432\u00e2\u0080\u0094 total length,\\n6,190 feet. Cost, $76,667. Net revenue in 1834, $12,928. This bridge\\nwill become state property in 1879.\\nSouth Boston Bridge, leading from Boston Neck to South Boston, was\\nincorporated March 6, 1804, and opened for travel in July, 1805. Length,\\n1,550 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 width, 40. It cost the proprietors about $50,000. It is now\\ncity property free.\\nCanal Bridge, from Boston to Lechmere Point, in East Cambridge,\\nwas incorporated February 27, 1807, and opened for travel in August,\\n1809. Length, 2,796 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 width, 40. A lateral bridge extends from\\nthis to Prison Point, Charlestown. Length, 1,820\u00e2\u0080\u0094 width 35 feet\\nNet receipts in 1834, $3,173. This bridge will become state property in\\n1879.\\nThe Western Avenue, leading from Beacon street to SeivelVs Point,\\nin Brookline, was incorporated June 14, 1814, and commenced in ISls\\nIt was opened for travel, July 2, 1821. This avenue is a substantial dam\\nacross Charles river bay, about a mile and a half in length, and from 60\\nto 100 feet in width. This dam encloses about 600 acres of flats over\\nwinch the tide formerly flowed from 7 to 10 feet. A partition dam di-\\nvides this enclosure, and forms, by the aid of flood and ebb gates, a full", "height": "3337", "width": "1970", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand receiving basin; thereby producing, at all times, a great hydraulic\\npower. The cross dam also forms an excellent avenue from the main\\ndam to Roxbury. Cost, about $700,000. Net receipts in 1834, $6,133.\\nThe proprietors of this avenue claim a perpetual franchise.\\nBoston Free Bridge, from Sea street to South Boston. Incorporated,\\nMarch 4, 1826\u00e2\u0080\u0094 completed, 1828. Length, 500\u00e2\u0080\u0094 width, 38 feet. Built\\nby proprietors of lands in the vicinity. City property.\\nWarren Bridge, leading to Charlestown. Length, 1,390 feet width,\\n44. Incorporated March 12, 1823, and opened on the December follow-\\ning. It is now state property. The net receipts of this bridge in 1834,\\nwere $16,427.\\nAll the above avenues are lighted with lamps, when necessary, and\\nmake a beautiful appearance.\\nPublic Buildings.\\nSome of those of the most prominent character only can be mentioned.\\nThe City Hall, or the Old State House, on State and Washington\\nstreets, now occupied by the city government, Post-Office, Reading-Room,\\nc., is 110 feet in length, 38 in breadth, and 3 stories high. Two build-\\nings on this spot have been destroyed by tire. The first was built in 1659,\\nthe second in 1714, and the present in 1748. Until the erection of the\\npresent State Flouse, this building had ever been used for governmental\\npurposes, both colonial and state.\\nFaneuil Hall, or the Cradle of Liberty, in Dock Square, is three\\nstories high, 100 feet by 80, and was the gift of Peter Faneuil, Esq. to\\nthe town, in 1742. The building was enlarged in 1805, and until the\\nnew Market was built the lower part of it was used for meat stalls. It is\\nnow improved for stores. The Hall is 76 feet square, 28 feet high, and\\nhas deep galleries on three sides. It is adorned with superb paintings of\\npatriots, warriors and statesmen. The third story is improved for armo-\\nries.\\nState House. This building is on an open square, on Eeacon-street,\\nfronting the malls and common. Its foundation is 110 feet above the lev-\\nel of the sea. It was commenced in 1795, and completed and occupied\\nin 1798. Cost, $133,333. Length, 173 feet\u00e2\u0080\u0094 breadth, 61. On the area\\nof the lower hall stands the beautiful Statue of Washington, by Chan-\\ntry. From the top of the dome on this building, 52 feet in diameter, and\\n230 feet above the level of the harbor, the vhole city appears beneath,\\nwith all its crooked streets, its extended avenu ^s, its splendid buildings,\\nand the malls and common, crossed Avith romantic walks, and shaded by\\ncenturian elms. On the north and west the county of Middlesex pre-\\nsents its numerous villas, and a rich array of agricultural taste and beau-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nty. Here are viewed the hallowed halls of Harvard, and the sacred\\nfield of Bunker. On the south the county of Norfolk appears, with its\\ngranite liiils and luxuriant vales, chequered with a thousand farm houses,\\ncottages, and splendid mansions. On the east, the city, with its lofty\\nspires, the harbor and the ocean, all conspire to render this the most en-\\nchanting scene, west of the Bay of Naples.\\nThe Massachusetts Hospital is on an open plot of ground of 4 acres,\\nat the western part of the city, on the banks of Charles river. It is 16S\\nfeet in length, and 54 in breadth. Commenced in 181S, completed in\\n1821. This building is of granite, and is a beautiful monument of taste\\nand beneficence.\\nFaneuil Hall Market. The corner stone of this superb granite\\nbuilding was laid on the 27ih of April, 1S25, and completed in 1827. Cost,\\n^150,000, exclusive of land. It extends east of Faneuil Hall, on Dock\\nsquare, 536 feet, and is 50 feet in width. The centre part of the build-\\ning, 74 by 55, projects two o-r three feet on the north and south, and rises\\n77 feet from the ground, to a beautiful dome. The wings are 31 feet,\\nand two stories high. The lov/er floor is exclusively appropriated as a\\nmeat, fish and vegetable market. The upper story is one vast hall, ar-\\nranged to be divided into compartments for ware-rooms and lara-e sales.\\nOn the sides of this building are JVorth Market street, 65, and South\\nMarket street, 102 feet in width on each of which is a range of spa-\\ncious ware-houses, with granite fronts. On the east, across Commercial\\nstreet, is a commodious wharf, belonging to the city. The hall in the\\ncentre of the building is called Quincy Hall, in honor of Josiah Quincy,\\nL.L. D., the late indefatigable mayor of the city, and now president of\\nHarvard University.\\nTremont House. This superb hotel,. on Tremont and Beacon streets,\\nwas commenced on the 4Lh of July, 1828, and completed 16th of October,\\n182J).. Its granite front on Ti-emont street is 160 feet, and 3 stories high.\\nThe wings are four stories high that on Beacon street is 84 by 34 feet;\\nand that on the south, fronting an open square, is 110 by 40 feet. This\\nbuilding contains 180 rooms. The dining hall is 70 by 31, and 14 feet\\nhigh. Cost, $68,000, without the land.\\nJVew Court House. The corner stone of this building, in Court\\nsquare, between Court and School streets, for the accomm-odation of all\\nthe couits of law for the county, city, and the United States, offices of\\nrecord, c., was laid Sept. 28, 1833.- It is of cut, or hewn granite, from\\nthe Quincy quarry. Its length is 175 feet 10 inches width, 53 feet\\n10 inches, and height 57 feet 3 inches. A portico of nearly the same\\nmodel of the Doric portico at Athens, adorns its north and south fronts.\\nThere are four columns of fluted granite at each of these porticos, meas-", "height": "3337", "width": "1970", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nuring 25 feet 4 inches in length, and 4 feet 5 inches in diameter. They\\nweigh 25 tons each. The interior contains four court rooms, 50 feet by\\n40, and large and commodious offices for all the respective departments.\\nHouses of Industry, Correction, and Reformation. These houses are\\ndelightfully situated on a plot of ground of about 61 acres, situated at\\nSouth Boston, on the margin of the harbor, and near the brow of Dor-\\nchester Heights.\\nTrinity Church, in Summer street, St. Paul s Church and the Ma^\\nsonic Temple, in Tremont street, the Washington Bank, in Washing-\\nton street, the granite building lately erected by the Suffolk Bank, the\\nUnited States Bank, in State street, and the Steeple of Park street\\nChurch, are some of the best specimens of architecture in Boston.\\nSchools aud Institutions.\\nThe first settlers of New England were exceedingly tenacious of their\\ncivil and religious rights, and they well knew that knov;ledge was an\\nall-powerful engine to preserve those rights, and transmit them to their\\nposterity. They therefore very early laid the foundation of those /ree\\nschools, of which all the sons and daughters of New England are justly\\nproud. Exclusive of Infant and Sabbath school scholars, about a quar\u00c2\u00b0\\nter part of the population of Boston is kept at school throughout the\\nyear, at an annual expense of about $200,000. Boston is not only cele-\\nbrated for its schools, but for its munificent donations in support of its\\ninstitutions for moral, religious, and literary purposes. Since the year\\n1800, not less than two millions of dollars have thus been appropriated\\nby the citizens of Boston.\\nNeAV England Institution for the Education of the BUnd.\\nThis Institution was incorporated in 1S29 but, little was accomplished\\nuntil 1832, when Dr. Howe returned from Europe accompanied by a\\nblind teacher; manifesting that zeal in the cause of the blind which had\\ndistinguished his philanthropic labors, in another sphere, in a distant\\nland. He opened a school with six blind young scholars. The progress\\nof those children was so great, and the value of an Institution of the\\nkind so apparent, that legislatures and citizens, generally, became\\nmuch interested. By public and private donations, particularly by the\\ninfluence of ladies in several parts of New England, and by the munifi-\\ncent gift of a splendid building in Pearl street, by the Hon. Thomas H.\\nPerkins, the Institution has increased, both in reputation and funds, with\\nunparalleled success. The scholars are instructed in all those branches\\ncommon in other schools, and some of them in the higher branches of\\nliterature. Music is the study of all. Mechanical labors are taught\\nand enjoyed by the pupils. Musical instruments of all kinds, and other\\n5", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nImplements are provided for their convenience and use. A printing\\npress is established, and several books have been printed in embossed\\nletters, which are superior to any in Europe. It is exceedingly delight-\\nful to see these interesting youth, whose lives once seemed a dreary\\nwaste, and to witness their improvement in acquiring useful knowledge,\\npartaking of all those recreations, natural and proper for their age, sex,\\nand condition, and fitting themselves for useful stations in society. The\\nInstitution is managed by a board of trustees, and is patronized by the\\ngovernments of all the New England States.\\nEye and Ear Infirmary.\\nThis Institution was commenced in Boston, by Drs. Jeffries and Rey-\\nnolds, in 1824, from a conviction of its utility and importance, derived\\nfrom what they had seen and known of similar establishments in Europe.\\nThose gentlemen conducted the establishment at their own expense for\\nsome time, during which large numbers received the most important\\nbenefits. In 1827, by the philanthropic exerlions of those, and other\\ngentlemen, an act of incorporation was obtained, and some funds wer\u00c2\u00a9\\nraised. As early as 1828, 2,610 cases were treated at the Infirmary, of\\nwhich about five-sixths were cured. Of these cases about one-sixth\\nwere for diseases of the ear. Since that time the number of applicants\\nhas increased annually; and this Institution, whose merits are not sur-\\npassed by any other in the city, has now a beautiful and commodious\\nbuilding in Bowdoin square for the reception of patients.\\nTheatres.\\nThe Boston Theatre, on Federal and Franklin streets, was first open-\\ned February 3, 1794. It was burnt, February 2, 1798 it was re-built,\\nand re-opened on the 29th of October, the same year. It is of brick, 152\\nfeet long, 61 wide, and 40 high. This building is now denominated\\nThe Odeon, and is consecrated to the worship of God. A huge w ood-\\nen building was erected on Tremont street, and opened as the Hay-\\nMarket Theatre, December 26, 1796. The citizens in its neighbor-\\nhood being fearful of its conflagration, caused its demolition, by subscrip-\\ntion, and the block of elegant brick dwelling-houses, near, and north of\\nEoylston street, now occupy the spot.\\nThe Tremont Tlieatre, on Tremont street, is a very neat building,\\nwith a granite front 135 feet by 79. It was commenced in July, and\\nopened September 24, 1827. Cost, about $120,000.\\nThe J^Tational Theatre, at the junction of Portland and Traverse\\nstreets, near the Warren bridge, was constructed in 1831. This build-\\ning was first used for equestrian performances.", "height": "3337", "width": "1970", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "NEW EXGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBoston Common.\\nThis is considered one of the most delightful promenades in the world.\\nIt comprises about 75 acres of land, of variegated surface, beautifully\\nshaded by trees of various kinds, particularly in t?i8 malls, or walks\\nwhich surround it. Some of those trees were planted more than a hun-\\ndred years ago. The malls are wide, beveled, graveled, and smooth;\\nthe waters of Charles river, and the romantic scenery beyond it, are in\\nprospect. The whole is enclosed by an iron fence, on the outside of\\nwhich are wide streets and beautiful buildings. The distance around\\nthe malls and common is about a mile. This plot of ground is so held\\nby the city, that it can never be appropriated to any other than its pres-\\nent healthful and pleasing purposes.\\nThe foundation of a large and splendid Botanic GardejV was\\nlaid in 1837, by the subscription of funds for that purpose. It is located\\non the city lands, on the west side of the Common. This will be a\\ngreat ornament to the city, and an honor to the taste and judgment of its\\nprojectors.\\nFinances.\\nThe public debt of the city of Boston on the 1st of May, 1837, was\\n$1,497,200. The receipts, during the financial year, from the 30th of\\nApril, 1836, to 30th April, 1837, was $926,350\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the expenditures,\\n$904,065. Besides the public property in public buildings, city and other\\nwharves, c. c., both improved for city purposes, and rented, the city\\nhas about 7,000,000 square feet of land on the Neck, exclusive of streets,\\npublic squares, and malls, and a very large property in other lands in\\nvarious parts of the city, which are rapidly increasing in value. The\\namount of this property cannot be stated, but it is known greatly to ex-\\nceed the city debt, exclusive of that part which is wanted for the uses\\nof the city.\\nCommerce.\\nThe citizens of Boston have ever sustained a high rank for their com-\\nmercial enterprise. After whitening every sea with their canvass, and\\nextending their commerce with all nations of the globe, they are now\\nlooking westward and northward, and constructing new and artificial\\nchannels, to enable them not only to compete with other Atlantic cities\\nfor the already immense commerce of the western world, but to inter-\\ncept it on its passage down the St. Lawrence.\\nThe number of vessels entered at this port the year ending September\\n30, 1837, was 1,544\u00e2\u0080\u0094 tonnage, 242,277 tons\u00e2\u0080\u0094 crews, 11,503 cleared,\\n1,367, tonnage, 184,373 tons crews, 9,177. The registered, enrolled and\\nlicensed tonnage of this port, the same year, was 201,005 tons. A large\\namount of tonnage, owned at Boston, is registered at southern ports.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCommercial Accommodations.\\nThere is probably no place in the world better accommodated for com-\\nmercial operations than Boston. The whole length of the harbor on the\\neast and north is lined with about 200 docks and wharves. A few of\\nthem only can be noticed,\\nIndia Wharf, at the foot of Fort Hill, was constructed in 1805. It\\nextends into the harbor 980 feet, and is 246 to 2S0 feet in width. In the\\ncentre is a range of 39 stores, 22 by 80, and 4 stories in height.\\nCentral Wliarf, between India and Long wharves, was built in 1816.\\nIn the centre are .54 ware-houses, 23 by 50, 4 stories high. It is 1,379\\nfeet in length, and 150 in width. Over a spacious hall in the centre of\\nthis range of stores, is one of the best observatories in the United States.\\nNorth of this is Long Wharf, at the foot of State street, commenced\\nin 1710. This wharf extends into the harbor 1,800 feet, is 200 feet in\\nwidth, and has 76 spacious ware-houses. About (he centre of th s wh-.rf\\nIS a well of fresh water, 90 feet in depth.\\nPassing the City wharf on the north, we come to Commercial Wliarf\\n1,100 feet in length, and 160 in width. On the centre of this wharf is\\na range of 34 granite ware-houses, 25 by 60 feet, and are unequalleJ by\\nany thing of the kind in the United States for convenience or grandeur\\nCost, $500,000.\\nOn the west, and in front of this tier of wharves, which run into the\\nharbor nearly parallel to each other, are India and Commercial streets,\\nhaving the east end of Faneuil Hall Market nearly in the centre. These\\nstreets are wide; they serve as wharves, and their west sides are cover-\\ned with large and convenient stores. It is contemplated to extend India\\nstreet, on the south, to the Free Bridge on Sea street; and Commercial\\nstreet, on the north, to Winnesimet Ferry. (See Hale s Map of Boston.)\\nThe Marine Raihoays, established in 1820, at the north part of the\\ncity, afford great accommodations to those engaged in navigation A\\nnew and splendid Custom House is now erecting on India street, between\\nLong and Central wharves. An Exchange, for the accommodation of\\nmerchants, and a new City Hall, are contemplated.\\nManufactures.\\nAlthough Boston has never been considered a manufacturino- city\\nyet, since the general peace in Europe, in 1515, and the passage of the*\\npresent tariff laws, in 1833, its manufacturing interests have considerably\\nincreased.\\nThe following are the manufactures of Boston for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, with the value of each, the number of hands employed!\\nand the amount of capital invested, so far as can be ascertained.\\nIt may be proper to observe, that the following account is doubtless", "height": "3337", "width": "1970", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\naccurate, as far it extends, but it is known that in some towns in Massa-\\nchusetts the whole amount of their manufactures has not been stated by\\nthe assessors.\\nARTICLES.\\nBoots and Shoes,\\nLeather,\\nHats,\\nIron Castings,\\nAxes,\\nGlass,\\nChairs and Cabinet Ware,\\nCombs,\\nTin Ware,\\nSpirits,\\nStraw Bonnets,\\nVessels, (average for 5 years,)\\nAxletrees,\\nBeer,\\nSoap and Candles,\\nWhale Oil,\\nCopper and Brass,\\nOrgans and Piano-fortes,\\nBrushes,\\nGold and Silver Leaf,\\nCarriages and Harnesses,\\nRefined Sugar,\\nSilver Ware and Jewelry,\\nChain Cables,\\nUmbrellas,\\nSaddles, Trunks and Whips,\\nGranite, Marble, c.\\nMachinery,\\nBlank Books and Stationary,\\nGas,\\nLooking Glasses and Frames,\\nLasts,\\nNeck Stocks, c.\\nTypes and Stereotypes,\\nPrinted Books,\\nClothing,\\nHard Ware,\\nBaskets, c.\\nTotals,\\nValue.\\nI Hands employed\\niMales-lFemales.\\n$102,641\\n228,000\\n194,673\\n372,000\\n7,500\\n48,000\\n148,100\\n41,000\\n112,032\\n926,8.56\\n182,450\\n124,400\\n10,000\\n12,000\\n93,000\\n135,000\\n756,754\\n302,700\\n93,000\\n43,000\\n318,805\\n976,454\\n228,100\\n60,000\\n65,000\\n177,000\\n336,000\\n326,000\\n78,000\\n100,000\\n147.500\\n40,000\\n122,000\\n157,000\\n925,000\\n1,887,666\\n40,000\\n93,000\\n$10,010,631\\n304\\n50\\n95\\n289\\n8\\n77\\n164\\n25\\n116\\n19\\n17\\n6\\n8\\n29\\n16\\n200\\n220\\n79\\n22\\n298\\n92\\n88\\n20\\n37\\n120\\n400\\n287\\n43\\n40\\n42\\n29\\n21\\n185\\n500\\n542\\n29\\n138\\n4,655\\n55\\n68\\n16\\n438\\n59\\n14\\n26\\n17\\n435\\n30\\n400\\n2402\\n3,967\\nCapital In-\\nvested.\\n$60,000\\n665,000\\n2,000\\n47,000\\n121,000\\n6,000\\n30,000\\n125,000\\n100,000\\n316,300\\n163,500\\n38,000\\n11,200\\n82,200\\n303,653\\n111,050\\n75,000\\n36,500\\n83,000\\n165,500\\n183,775\\n49,000\\n375,000\\n55,600\\n18,000\\n58,200\\n140,000\\n850,000\\n769,094\\n18,000\\n38,000\\nFisheries.\\nThe city of Boston is so limited, in regard to territory, as to be exclud-\\ned, in a great measure, from participating in the fisheries. Much capi-\\ntal of the Bostonians is, however, invested, at the out ports, in this im-\\nportant branch of the resources of the wealth of New England. During\\n5*", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837, there were belonging to this city four ves-\\nsels engaged in the whale fishery, and 152 in the cod and mackerel fish-\\neries, employing 1,919 hands. Total tonnage, 11,253 tons. Total pro-\\nceeds, $824,898. Capital employed, $748,200.\\nHealth.\\nTo judge of the health of a city we must compare its bills of mortality,\\nfor a series of years, with those of some other city. We have ever believed\\nthat the climate of Boston, and of New England generally, was as con-\\nductive to health as any portion of our country; but having heard it\\noften asserted that the climate of Boston was more favorable to some\\ndiseases, particularly those of a pulmonary character, or what is com-\\nmonly called consumption, than that of our sister city New York, we\\nhave examined with great care the authenticated bills of mortality of\\neach city for five successive years, (1830\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1834, inclusive.) The popu-\\nlation of Boston, in 1830, was 61,391\u00e2\u0080\u0094 of New York, 202,589\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a frac-\\ntion less than 3 1-3 in New York to 1 in Boston. From 1820 to 1830, the\\naverage increase of the population of Boston was a fraction less thin 4\\nper cent, per annum\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that of New York a fraction less than 6 1-3 per\\ncent, per annum. The aggregate number of deaths in Boston during those\\nfive years, was 7,340-New York, 35,087 :-a fraction more than 4 2-3 in\\nNew York to 1 in Boston. In that period, the aggregate number of deaths\\nm Boston, by consumption, was 1,128\u00e2\u0080\u0094 in New York 6,124 more\\nthan 5 1-3 in New York to 1 in Boston.\\nFires.\\nBoston, in common with all large towns which are chiefly built of\\nwood, has suffered very much by fire. Fifty years ago the buildings in\\nthe town were principally of that material; but by efficient measures\\nadopted by the citizens, particularly the law of 1803, prohibiting the con-\\nstruction of wooden buildings of a greater height than 10 feet, a large por-\\ntion of the old buildings have been taken down, and their places with\\nthousands of others on new sites, now present to that destructive element\\nsolid walls of brick and stone. A few of the most memorable fires are\\nhere given. In October 1711, a fire broke out in Williams Court and\\ndestroyed most of the buildings on both sides of Cornhill, now Washing.\\nton street, from School street to Market square. On the 20th of March\\n1760, 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses, shops, c. were burnt\\nThis fire was in the centre of the town, (Cornhill, State and Congress\\nstreets to Fort Hill,) and the amount of property consumed, was estimated\\nat \u00c2\u00a3100,000 sterling. April 24, 1787, a fire commenced in Beach street\\nand extending south, destroyed about 60 dwelling-houses, 40 other build-\\nings, and the church in Hollis street. July 30, 1794. Seven rope-walks\\nbetween Pearl and Atkinson streets, and about 90 other buildings in that", "height": "3337", "width": "1970", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nneighborhood were destroyed. Loss estimated at more than $200,000.\\nOn the 3d of November, 1818, the Boston Exchange Coffee-House,\\nin Congress-square, was destroyed by fire. This building covered 12,-\\n753 feet of land. It was 7 stories high, and from the floor to the top of\\nthe dome was 83 feet. It contained 210 apartments, and cost about half\\na million of dollars. The conflagration occurred in the evening, and the\\nsight was awfully sublime.\\nOn the 7th of July, 1824, at noon, (the wind blowing almost a gale,)\\n15 costly dwelling-houses were burnt, on Beacon, Charles and Chesnut\\nstreets.\\nA very destructive fire commenced on Doane street, April 7th, 1824,\\nwhen 53 large ware-houses, in that part of the city, with a great amount\\nof merchandize, were destroyed.\\nA number of buildings, containing about 35 lawyers offices, and 20\\nstores and shops, on Court street, were burnt, Nov. 10, 1825.\\nDuring five years, 1830\u00e2\u0080\u00941834, inclusive, there were 226 fires^\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the\\namount of property destroyed was $274,278 of which $140,943 was\\ninsured. The most destructive fires were in 1833. In that year 71 fires\\noccurred, $89,970 value of property was destroyed, of which $57,040\\nwas insured.\\nThe present Fire Department was organized in 1826. It is always in\\nthe most perfect state of preparation for service. Attached to this de-\\npartment are 24 engines, and 16,000 feet of hose. By the most powerful\\nof these engines, with 250 feet of hose, water can be thrown over the\\ngrasshopper, on the cupola of Faneuil Hall, 84 feet above the pavement\\nWater.\\nThe subject of pure water for all the various uses of life has ever been\\none of the first and most important considerations with settlers in all coun-\\ntries. It frequently happens that those places most suitable for com-\\nmerce are the least favorable to the ready acquirement of that indispens-\\nable element consequently the ingenuity and skill of man have devised\\nand executed those stupendous aqueducts, and tanks or reservoirs, both in\\nancient and modern times, which have made some of the most desolate\\nparts of the globe the greatest marts of trade and most splendid cities.\\nGovernor Winthrop and his associates located themselves at Charlestown,\\nand would have continued there had not the waters of Shawmut been\\nmore agreable to their tastes. Their change of situation, on that account,\\nis no compliment to their chemical knowledge, for the waters of Charles-\\ntown are decidedly the best. Possibly the magic of a name might have\\ninfluenced them for Shawmut, in the Indian language, is said to mean\\nsprings of living waters.\\nThe city council, in 1834, took the long neglected subject of introduc", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning soft and pure water in+o the city, into consideration. By analyses of\\nthe waters of Boston, one of the best wells in the city was found to contain\\n3.6 grains of the salts of sulphate of lime, muriate of soda and muriate of\\nlime, to the pound of water. The well is 30 feet deep, and is situate high\\non the side of a hill. Some wells were found to contain 7.5 grains of the\\nabove salts, and many others a much greater quantity of noxious matter.\\nAn able engineer stated that in October 1834, there were 2,767 w.ells in\\nthe city of which number 2,085 were drinkable, and 682 bad and that\\nonly 7 of the whole number were occasionally used for washing. The\\nengineer also stated that all the dug or Artesian wells of Boston, are\\nin strata of different materials in very irregular position, so that whatever\\nmay be the success in making one well, no certain result can be predica-\\nted upon another trial at a short distance from the tirst. The wells in\\ntown are polluted by the dirty water at the surface being absorbed, set-\\ntling and mingling with the veins below or are adulterated by mixture\\nwith little streams of sea-water.\\nThe Boston Aqueduct Corporation commenced operations for convey-\\ning water into the city from Jamaica pond, in Roxbury, in 1795. The\\ndistance from Boston to the pond is four miles, and the number of feet of\\nlogs laid in the city is 72,000, or about 18 miles. The greatest quantity\\nof water that can be supplied from this source is 50,000 gallons daily, and\\nthe greatest height it can be raised in the city is 49 feet above tide-water.\\nAccording to the estimates of the quantity of water used in London and\\nPhiladelphia, about 28 gallons daily would be required for every person\\nin the city. This includes all that is commonly used for stables, wash.-\\ning streets, the extinguishment of fires, for manufacturing, and all other\\npurposes. The quantity of water necessary for the present population\\nis therefore about 2,500,000 gallons, daily. Spot pond in Stoneham, 8\\nmiles from the city Mystic pond in Charlestown and Medford, 7 miles\\nLong pond, in Natick, 16 miles or the waters of Charles river, taken at\\nWatertown, 7 miles from the city, would almost inundate the misnamed\\nShawmut with soft and pure water, at an expense of about a million of\\ndollars. Philadelphia, by her incomparable water works, has added a\\nlustre to her bright name New York is following her noble example,\\nby bringing the Croton river, 45 miles, to the centre of the city, at an\\nexpense of five millions of dollars and Boston cannot much longer re-\\nmain insensible of the value of pure water, to the health and comfort of\\nits people.\\nAntiquities.\\nBoston was described by Johnson in his Wonder Working Provi-\\ndence, about the year 1663, in the following words\\nInvironed it is with brinish floods, saving one small Istmos, which", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngives free access to the neighboring towns by land, on the south side, on\\nthe northwest and northeast. Two constant fairs are kept for daily\\ntralique thereunto. The form of this town is like a heart, naturally sit-\\nuated for fortifications, having two hills on the fi-ontier part there jt next\\nthe sea, the one well fortified on the superficies thereof, with store of\\ngreat artillery well mounted. The other hath a very strong battery built\\nof whole timber, and filled with earth at the descent of the hill, in the\\nextreme poyut thereof betwixt these two strong arms lies a cove or bay,\\non which the chief part of this town is built, overtopped with a third\\njiill all these like overtopping towers, keep a constant watch to see the\\napproach of foreign dangers, being furnished with a beacon and loud\\nbabbling guns to give notice by their redoubled echo to all the sister\\ntowns. The chief edifice of this city-like town is crowded on the sea-\\nhanks, and wharfed out with great labour and cost the buildings beau-\\ntiful and large, some fairly set forth with brick tile, stone and slate, and\\norderly placed with semely streets, whose continual enlargement pre-\\nsageth some sumptuous city. But now behold the admirable acts of\\nChrist, at this his people s landing the hideous thickets in this place\\nwere such that wolves and bears nurst up their young from the- eyes of\\nall beholders, in those very places where the streets are full of girls and\\nboys, sporting up and down with continued concourse of people. Good\\nstore of shipping is here yearly built, and some very fair ones. This\\ntown is the very mart of the land; Dutch, French, and Portugal Is come\\nhere to trafique.\\nPresent condition of Boston.\\nPerhaps at no period since the settlement of Boston has its prosperity\\nbeen so flattering as for the last seven years. It is true that Boston in-\\ncreased in population and wealth with great rapidity during the wars in\\nEurope, from 1794 to 1807. But that growth was unnatural and contin-\\ngent it depended solely on the caprice of the belligerent powers, who\\nviewed us rather as servants to their necessities, than with respect.\\nThe present state of things is altogether diiFerent. The world is at\\npeace. We look for no besieged city to supply with bread, neither do we\\nseek to run the gauntlet of a blockading squadron to furnish a starving\\ncountry with the growth and produce of its own colonies. We now rely\\non our own resources agriculture, manufactures, the fisheries, and com-\\nmerce with all nations with whom we can exchange our commodities at\\nfair prices. So long as we are blessed with union, good schools, good\\nlaws, and with all those moral, religious and charitable institutions, which\\ntend to make mankind wiser and better, our city, under Providence, will\\ncontinue on in the forward path to prosperity and happiness.\\nThe location of Boston always gave it the command of a greater coast-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning trade than any other port in the United States but the great arteries\\nto an immense, wide-spread and rapidly increasing interior commerce\\nwere never opened until the rail-roads to the north, the west, the south,\\nand the east were constructed and in operation. By thesQ devices of hu-\\nman wisdom, and by the continuance of the two former crossing the wa-\\nters of our own Connecticut to the noble Hudson, and piercing the cen-\\ntre of a large and fertile country, to the outlet of the great western\\noceans on the banks of the St. Lawrence, Boston, with its enterprize and\\nwealth, located 160 miles nearer the British capital than New York, can-\\nnot fail of sustaining a fair and successful competition for this trade with\\nany city on the American continent.\\nMotto of the City.\\nSicut patj ibus sit Deus nobis.\\nAs God was with our fathers, so may he be\\nWITH US.\\nBow, ar. H.,\\nMerrimack co., was originally\\nlaid out nine miles square, compre-\\nhending a great poi tion of the ter-\\nritory now constituting Pembroke\\nand Concord. It is bounded N. E.\\nby Merrimack river, which divides\\nit from Pembroke, S. E. by Hook-\\nsett, S. W. by Dunbarton, N. W.\\nby Concord and a part of Hopkin-\\nton. The soil is very uneven and\\nhard, but productive when well\\nmanaged. There is but one pond\\nof any size, called Turee pond.\\nTurkey river empties into the Mer-\\nrimack at Turkey falls, near the N.\\nE. part of Bow. About a mile be-\\nlow are Garven s falls, now passable\\nby locks on Bow side. Bow canal\\nis situated on the Merrimack, 3\\nmiles below Concord the perpen-\\ndicular measurement around which\\nit is carried is 25 feet its length\\n1-3 of a mile. It passes through\\na ledge of granite, and is for the\\nmost part imperishable. Its cost\\nwas $13,860 and about $2,000 of\\nits first income were appropriated\\ntowards clearing channels through\\nTurkey falls, c. Pop. 1830, 1,065.\\nSamuel Welch, the oldest native\\ncitizen of New Hampshire, died in\\nBow on the 5th of April, 1823, at\\nthe age of 113 years. He was born\\nat Kingston, Sept. 1st, 1710, where\\nhe spent the early part of his life\\nhe lived subsequently a while at\\nPembroke but for 50 years preced-\\ning his death he resided at Bow,\\nin an obscure corner, and steadily\\ncultivated his little farm, till the\\nfrosts of a century had whitened\\nhis locks, and the chills of a hun-\\ndred winters had benumbed his\\nframe. His life was marked by no\\nextraordinary vicissitude he was\\nnever in battle, or in any public\\nservice he was a man of industry\\nand temperance.\\nBowbacic Mountain.\\nSee Stratford, JV. H.\\nBoTvdoin, Me.\\nLincoln co. This agricultural\\ntownship is bounded on the S. E.\\nby Bowdoinham, and S. by Tops-\\nham. It was incorporated in 1788,\\nand lies 17 miles W. from Wiscas-\\nset, 37 N. N. E. from Portland, and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n20 S. S. W. from Augusta. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 2,173.\\nBoAvdoiuliam, Me.\\nLincoln co. A pleasant town\\non the west side of Kennebec river,\\nand north of Topsham. Here is\\nconsiderable business in the lum-\\nber trade and ship building. Twen-\\nty miles S. by W. from Augusta,\\nand 12 N. from Bath. Population,\\n1837, 2,218. Incorporated, 1762.\\nBoxborougli, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Incorporated, 1783.\\nPopulation, 1837, 433. Some shoe-s,\\npalm-leaf hats and straw bonnets\\nare manufactured in this town, and\\nlarge quantities of hops are grown.\\nIt lies 25 miles N. W. by W. from\\nBoston, and 9 W. by N. from Con-\\ncord. Good lime-stone is found\\nhere.\\nBoxford, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This town lies 28\\nmiles N. from Boston, 13 S. W.\\nfrom Newburyport, and 10 W. by\\nN. from Ipswich. The annual\\namount of manufactures of cotton\\nwicking, boots, shoes and ploughs\\nis about $100,000. Population,\\n1837, 964. Incoi-porated, 1685.\\nBoylstoii, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Incorporated, 1786.\\nPopulation, 1837,821. It lies 40\\nmiles W. from Boston, and 8 N. by\\nE. from Worcester. Boylston is\\nwatered by Nashua river, and has\\niron ore and a ledge of crystalized\\nquartz. Fr-re are some manufac-\\ntures of c .nbs, palm-leaf hats,\\nboots and shoes several ponds\\nand fine fish.\\nBozrali, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town was\\ntaken from Norwich in 1786. It\\nwas formerly called New Concord.\\nIt lies 33 miles E. S. E. from Hart-\\nford, and 5 W. from Norwich. The\\nsoil is a gravelly loam, rich and fer-\\ntile. It is watered by Yantic river,\\non which are two pleasant and\\nflourishing villages, Bozrahville\\nand Fitchville, at both of which\\nare manufactories for cotton.\\nThis town experienced a terrible\\nhail storm on the 15th of July, 1799,\\nby w^hich much property was lost\\nand many cattle injured. The hail\\nfell in immense quantities, some-\\nparticles of which measured six\\ninches in circumference. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,073.\\nBradford, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town lies\\n87 miles from Augusta. 4,944 bush-\\nels of wheat was raised here in\\n1837, with a population of 770.\\nSee Barnard, Me.\\nBradford, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. Situated about mid-\\nway between the Merrimack and\\nConnecticut rivers, bounded N. by\\nNewbury and Sutton, E. by Warner,\\nS. by Henniker and Hillsborough,\\nW. by W^ashington \\\\i 31 miles from\\nAmherst, 25 from Concord, and 80\\nfrom Boston. This town is watered\\nby small streams, which principally\\nissue from ponds, of which the\\nlargest is Todd s pond, lying in\\nBradford and Newbury. This pond\\nis supplied with water from the\\nhills and mountains in Newbury.\\nIn it are a number of floating\\nislands, which are deemed objects\\nof curiosity. Its outlet forms the\\nnorthern branch of Vrarner river.\\nPleasant, or Bradford pond, is on\\nthe E. side of the town. It is about\\n550 rods long and 150 wide. It\\ncommunicates with Warner river\\nby an outlet at the N. end of it.\\nIn this pond are several islands,\\nwhich, with the rugged declivities\\non the E. bank, the waters below,\\nand the cottages and cultivated\\nfields on the west bank, present to\\nview, in the summer season, a wild\\nand variegated landscape. Many\\nparts of Bradford are hilly. A large\\nproportion of the town, however,\\nlies in a valley, about thr\u00c2\u00bbo dalles", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nin width. Near the Sunapee moun-\\ntains, on the N. W.,is an extensive\\nplain, more than a mile long and\\nabout half a mile wide. The soil\\ndiffers in quality. It is light, loamy\\nor rough. In the easterly part are\\nvaluable stone quarries. Bradford\\nwas granted to John Peirce and\\nGeorge Jaffrey, in 1765. Its first\\nsettlement was made in 1771, by\\nDea. William Presbury and his\\nfamily. They were soon followed\\nby several inhabitants from Brad-\\nford in Mass., from which circum-\\nstance it derived its name. It was\\nincorporated Sept. 27, 1787, and is\\nmentioned in the act as including\\nNew Bradford, Washington Gore,\\nand part of Washington. Popula-\\ntion in 1S30, 1,285.\\nBradford, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town lies on\\nthe W. side of Connecticut river,\\n25 miles S. E. from Monrpelier, 7\\nS. from Newbury, and 15 E. N. E.\\nfrom Chelsea. Population, 1830,\\n1,507. Bradford is a pleasant farm-\\ning town, of good soil, and is well\\nwatered by Wait s river. About\\n4,500 sheep.\\nBradford, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a very pleasant\\ntown on the south side of Merrimack\\nriver, and united to Haverhill by a\\nbridge of 650 feet in length. The\\nsurface of the town is uneven and\\nthe soil various but much of the\\nland is of a superior quality. Sev-\\neral of the hills exhibit beautiful\\nscenery. Bradford is celebrated for\\nits excellent schools and seminaries\\nof learning. Here are several ponds,\\ngood fishing, and a pleasant stream\\nof water. Some bricks are made\\nhere, and considerable leather tan-\\nned but the principal manufacture\\nof the place is of boots and shoes, of\\nwhich, during the year ending April\\n1, 1837, the value of $381,748 was\\nmade. Total amount of manufactures\\nthat year,$394,448. Hands employ-\\ned, 1,096. Incorporated, 1G75. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2275. This town lies\\n28 miles N. from Boston, 10 W. S.\\nW. from Newburyport, 18 N. by W.\\nfrom Salem, and about IS miles N.\\nE. from Lowell. A branch of the\\nBoston and Lowell rail-road passes\\nthrough Bradford to Haverhill.\\nBradley, Me.\\nPenobscot co. First settled, 1796.\\nIncorporated, 1835. Population,\\n1837, 338. See Barnard, Me.\\nBradleyvale, Vt.,\\nAn unincorporated township in\\nCaledonia county, chartered in 1791,\\ncontaining about 4000 acres. Moose\\nriver passes through it. It is bound-\\ned on the west by Kirby. Most of\\nthe land is on a mountain. It never\\nhad more than 21 inhabitants.\\nBraiutree, Vt.\\nOrange co. This is a good farm-\\ning town, and produces considerable\\nbutter, cheese, beef and pork. It\\nlies 21 miles S. from Montpelier,\\nand 14 W. by S. from Chelsea. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1209. Branches of\\nWhite river pass through the town.\\nBraiutree, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town formerly\\nincluded Quincy and Randolph, and\\nwas first called Mount Wollaston.\\nIt is celebrated for the antiquity of\\nits settlement, (1625) and for the\\neminent men it has produced, both\\nin church and state. The surface\\nof the town is variegated by hill\\nand dale, presenting many delight-\\nful views of Boston, its harbor and\\nthe adjacent country. The soil is\\na strong gravelly loam, and very\\nproductive. Excellent granite\\nabounds here, of which large quan-\\ntities are annually quarried and\\ntransported and some of the best\\nmerchant ships are built of native\\nwhite oak and cedar. The holley\\ntree (Ilex aquifolium) is indigenous.\\nIndications of coal have been so\\nstrong as to warrant an attempt at\\nmining. The Manatiquot river,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.\\nwhich rises ia Randolph, after\\nmeanderino- through this town and\\nreceivins; the waters of Great and\\nLittle ponds, meets the tide waters\\nof Boston harbor, at Braintrec land-\\nia^, on Wevaiouth Fore river, 11\\nmiles from Bonon. At this place\\nthere is considerable trade in lum-\\nber and bread stuffs, and some navi-\\ngation is employed in the coasting\\ntrade and tisheries. The manufac-\\ntures of Braintree consist of boots,\\nshoes, cotton and woolen goods, pa-\\nper, leather, .nails, axes, cotton\\nginns, chocolate, carriages, gran-\\nite, straw bonnets, tin v/are, and\\nvessels. The value of these arti-\\ncles of manufacture, for the year\\nendin:? April 1, 1837, amounted to\\n$371,987. The value of boots and\\nshoes amounted to $202,333, and\\ngave emplovment to 830 persons.\\nThe Manatiquot affords this town\\nexcellent mill site- some of which\\nlie near ship navigation, and are\\nvery valuable. Brain+ree was in-\\ncorporated in 1640. It lies 10 miles\\nS. by E. from Boston, and 12 S. E.\\nfrom Dedham. Population, 1830,\\n1,752 1S37, 2,237.\\nBran tl on, Vt.\\nThis is a flourishing town in Rut-\\nland county, 40 miles S. W. from\\nMontpelier, IS N. by W. from Rut-\\nland, and 16 S. from Middlebury.\\nIt was first settled in 1775, and or-\\nganized in 17S4. Populauon,1330,\\nl,9iO. Brandon is linely watered\\nby Otter creek. Mill river, and\\nSpring pond on which streams are\\ngood mill seats. Some of the land\\nis level, with rather a light soil, but\\nthat on Otter creek is the best allu-\\nvial. Bog iron ore, of an excellent\\nquality, is found here copperas and\\nmarble are also found. There are\\ntwo curious caverns in this town.\\nThe largest contains two apart-\\nments, each from 16 to 20 feet\\nsquare. It is entered by descend-\\ning from the surface about 20 feet.\\nThey are formed of limestone.\\nBraiiford, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. An uneven\\ntownship, of strong soil, on Long\\nIsland Sound, about 7 miles E. from\\nNew Haven. Thimble islands and\\nIndian islands lie within the limits\\nof the town. Here are fish of va-\\nrious kinds, a small stream of wa-\\nter, a harbor, and some vessels en-\\ngaged in the fishery. The town\\nwa s settled in 1644. Population,\\n1S30, 2,332. A beautiful pond,\\ncalled Saltonstall s lake, lies be-\\ntween Branford and East Haven.\\nBrattletooroiigli, Vt.\\nVrindham co. This town is situ-\\nated in the southeasterly quarter of\\nthe state and county is bounded\\nE. by Connecticut river, S. by Ver-\\nnon and Guilford, W. by aMarlboro\\nand N. by Dummerston. At the\\nN. E. section of the town is the\\nsite of the once famous military\\npost, Fort Dummer, nothing of\\nwhich is now retained but the\\nname, Dummer Meadows. At\\nthe mouth of Whetstone brook is a\\ncommodious landing place for river\\ncraft. Brattleborough is connected\\nwith Hinsdale and Chesterfield by\\na handsome covered bridge, span-\\nning the Connecticut, and terminat-\\nino- at its western abutment in the\\n1 east village, where the north, the\\nsouth, the east, and the west lines\\nI of mail stages concentrate. The\\nI town and vicinity are noticed for\\ntheir salubrious air, pure water,\\nand fine mountain scenery. It is\\nwatered on the east by the Connec-\\nticut, and is intersected by West\\nriver. Whetstone brook, and nume-\\nrous smaller streams. There are\\nmany sites for water power on tho\\nlarger streams, unoccupied, and in-\\nvitfng to enterprize. The east vil-\\nlage is the general business mart\\nfor the surrounding towns. Of its\\nown internal business and industry,\\none instance is given of many of\\nless amount. The Brattleboro*", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nTypof^ranhic Co. was incorporated\\nOct. 2J, 1338. Capital, $150,000.\\nTlie Company is extensively cn-\\ngao-e i in the manufactare of paper\\nand books. Their paper mill is fur-\\nnished with the bast machinery,\\nand is capable of turning out from\\n40 to 50 reams of the largest print-\\ning paper, or from 150 to 200 reams\\nof letter paper per day. Their\\nprinting oliice contains eight power\\nprer.sc3. There are employed in\\nthe estalilishment from (iO to 70\\nmale and female operatives. So\\ngreat are their facilities, that they\\nhave taken rags and manufactured\\nthem into paper, and printed it, on\\nthe same day. Probably there i? no\\nesta!)li3hment in the count.-y which\\ncombines so many facilities for car-\\nrying on the book business as this.\\nThe Company publish a variety of\\nbibles and other valuable works.\\nThe value of business done at this\\nestaMi.:hment, in 1S36, is stated to\\nhave amounted to .|;.500,000.\\nIt i presumed that this village,\\naccording to its size, is second to\\nnone in the state foi- business or\\nwealth. The surface of the town\\nis diversified by hills, vales, and\\nplains is of good soil, and gene-\\nrally well improved. It is 12 miles\\nS. E. from Newfane, 96 S. from\\nMontpelier, 90 W. of Boston, and\\n16 E. N. E. from Albany. Popu-\\nlation, 1320, 2,017\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1S30 2,141.\\nISremeii, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town was for-\\nmerly a part of Bristol. It is bound-\\ned N. by Nobleborough, west by\\nBristol, south by Pemmaquid point\\nin Bi-i tol, and east by Muscongu?\\nisland in Muscongus bay. It lies\\niabout -40 miles S. E. fvam Augusta,\\nand 15 E. S. E. from Wiscasselt, and\\npossesses great navioable privi-\\nleges. Population, 1837, 773.\\nBrentwood, N, H.\\nRockingham co. Brentwood is\\nbounded E. by Exeter, N. by Ep-\\npiiig, W. by Poplin, and S. by i\\nKingston. The soil is better adapt-\\ned to grass than grain, although\\nsome improvements have been\\nmade in its qualities. Exeter river\\npasses nearly through the centre\\nof the town, and there are other\\nstreams of less magnitude connect-\\ning with it. Pick-pocket falls, on\\nExeter river, are in this town, and\\nnear them are situated an exten-\\nsive cotton factory, and a number\\nof mills. A card i acory has been\\nestablished here, which promises\\nto be of great utility and also an\\niron furnace for casting machinery.\\nQuantities of iron ore have been\\nfound, and it was formerly worked\\nwith success. Vitriol, combined\\nin masses with sulphur, has also\\nbeen found here, lirentwood was\\nincorporated June 2G, 1742. Popu-\\nlation, in 1830, S91.\\nErewcr, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Brewer lies on\\nthe Penobscot river, opposite to the\\ncity of Bangor. It was taken from\\nOrin2;ton in 1812. Population, in\\n1337, 1,622. It is watered by the\\nSegeunkedunk, on which are mills\\nof various kinds. Considerable\\nquantities of lumber, hay, potatoes,\\ntanners bark and wood, are annu-\\nally exported from this town. The\\ntown was named in compliment to\\nCol. Jolin Brewer, one of the first\\nsettlers, from Worcester, M.ass.\\nThe navigable privileges at this\\nplace are equal to those at Bangor.\\nErewster, Mass.\\nBarnst. ble co. This town was\\nthe Indian Saivkatucket. It was\\ntaken from Harwich, in 1830, and\\ntook its name from Elder,Brewster,\\none of the first settlers of Ply-\\nmouth a man of great learning and\\npiety, who died, 1044. In com-\\nmon with all the towns on Cape\\nCod, a large number of ship-mas-\\nters, sailing to foreign ports, belong\\nhere. From three ponds in this\\ntown, coverin, about 1,000 acres, a\\naever-ioiling stream of water is pro-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nduced; on which are a cotton mill,\\ncarding inili, luacliino sliop and oth-\\ner small mill?. The value of the\\nmanuf.ictures of cotton gooils, boot s,\\nshoes, leather, axes, chairj, cabinet\\nand tin warej, laiupblack, Ep om\\nand common salt amounted, in one\\nyear, to $52,072. Product of the\\ncod and mackerel fishery, $9,050.\\nBrewster lies on the north side of\\nthe Cape, IG miles E. by N. from\\nE;irnstable, and G N. N. W. from\\nChatham. Population, 1S37, 1,534.\\nHere are about 1,000 sheep.\\nBridgeport, Ct.\\nFairfield co. The town of Bridge-\\nport was formerly a part of Strat-\\nford, and was incorporr ud by its\\npresent name in 1821. it contains\\nabout 10 square miles, of a strong\\nand fertile soil, under excellent cul-\\ntivation. That part of Bridgeport\\nwhere the city now stands was\\ncalled the village of Newfield, un-\\ntil 1800, when it was incorporated\\nas a borough by its present name.\\nIn 183() it became a city. This is\\none of those beautiful and flourish-\\ning places in New England, the\\npride of Yankees and the admira-\\ntion of strangers. It is located on\\nan elevated plain, on the west side\\nof an arm of Long Island Sound,\\nand commands extended views oi\\nLong Island and the surrounding\\ncountry. The city is built in a style\\nof great neatness and some ele-\\ngance. The harbor is safe, but the\\nnaviijation for large vessels is im-\\npeded by a bar at its mouth, of\\nabout 13 feet draught of water at\\nhigh tides. A large business is\\ndone here in the coasting trade\\nson\\\\e in foreign commerce, and\\nsome in the whale and other fish-\\neries. The city is watered by the\\nPequanork, affording some water\\npower. There is a commodious\\nbridge across the harbor, 412 yards\\nin length, with a draw for the\\npassa2;e of vessels. This is an im-\\nportant manufacturing city, par-\\nticularly of saddlery and carriages.\\nof which a very large amount is an-\\nnually made and transported. A\\nrail-road from this place is in con-\\ntemplation, to pass up the Housa-\\ntonick river, and meet the Boston\\nand Albany rail-road at West Stock-\\nbridge, in Mass. The populatioa\\nof the borough of Bridgeport, in\\n1830, was 1,800. The present pop-\\nulation of the city exceeds 4,000.\\nBridgeport lies 62 miles N. E.\\nfrom New York, 17 S. W. from\\nNew Haven, and 4 E. by N. from\\nFairfield. The distance from this\\nplace to Setauket, on Long l^land,\\nacross the Sound, is about IS miles.\\nEricl^^ctou, Die.,\\nCumberland co., is pleasantly-\\nsituated on the border of Long pond,\\nand near the head of navigation to\\nPortland, by the Cumberiand and\\nOxford canal. The distance fio-m\\nthis place to Portland, by navigable\\nwaters, is about 50 miles. The toil\\nof Bridgeton is good, and produced\\nin 1837 4,000 bushels of wheat.\\nIts location affords it great fnoiliMes\\nfor inland trade. Long poi;d is\\nabout 10 miles in length and 1 in\\nbreadth. It empties into Crooked\\nriver, which passes into Scbago\\npond. This town lies 74 miles S.\\nW. by W. from Augusta, and 40\\nN. W, from Portland, by the road.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,863.\\nEridge^vater, N. H.\\nGrafion co. Originally part of\\nNew Chester; now Hill, wa- incor-\\nporated, 1738. It is bounded N.\\nby Plynjouth and Hebron, on the E.\\nby Pen.igewa-^set river, dividing it\\nfrom part of Holderness and New\\nHampton, on the S. by Bri ii^tol, and\\non (he W. by Newfound pond,\\nwhich separates it from Alexandria.\\nThe soil is well adapted to graz-\\ning, and few townships in this vi-\\ncinity exceed it in this respect.\\nThe Mayhew turnpike pa-ses\\nthroujrh the W. part, near New-\\nfound pond, and the main road from\\nConcord to Plymouth through the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nE. part near Pemigewasset river.\\nThe first settlement wo.s made in\\n1763, by Thomas Crawford, Esq.,\\nwhen the tract comprised the whole\\nof Nev/ Ciiester, Bridgewater, and\\nBristol. Population, in 1S30, 783.\\nBridgewater, Vt.\\nWindsor co. This town is bound-\\ned E. by Vfoodstock, and lies 45\\nmiles S. from Montpelier, 17 N.\\nW. from Windsor, and 60 N. E.\\nfrom Bennias-ton. Population, 1820,\\n1,125; 1830; 2,320. The settle-\\nment of the town commenced in\\n1780. In 1785 the town was or-\\nganized. There are many good\\nmill seats in this town, on Water-\\nqueechy river, and considerable\\nfine intervale lies on the borders of\\nthat stream. The high lands are\\ngood, and produce valuable crops.\\nIt feeds about 6,000 sheep. Here\\nare found iron ore, garnets, rock\\ncrystal, mica slate, gneiss, lime-\\nstone, quartz, and excellent soap-\\nstone. In 1822, a living frog was\\ntaken from 26 feet below the sur-\\nface of the ground, about 30 rods\\nfrom the river.\\nBridge^vater, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This township\\nwas formerly very large. It is now\\ndivided into four distinct towns.\\nNot content with attaching the car-\\ndinal points of the compass to the\\nnames of three divisions of this\\nancient and respectable town, this\\nremnant of the old territory is often\\nimproperly called South Bridgewa-\\nter. The Indian name of thi^ town-\\nship was JWmketest. Bridgewa-\\nter contains some very good land,\\nand is well watered by branches of\\nTaunton river. It lies 27 miles S.\\nby E. from Boston, 20 S. S. W.\\nfrom Plymouth, and 17 S. from\\nWeymouth landing. Population,\\n1830, 1,855; 1837, 2,092. This\\ntown was first settled in 1651, and\\nincorporated in 1656. The settle-\\nments were nearly all destroyed by\\nthe Indians, in 1676. Manufactur\\ning operations commenced here at\\nan early period. Hugh Orr, an\\neminent Scotchman, carried on the\\nmanufacture of cannon and small\\narms duj-ing the revolutionary war.\\nThe present manufactures consist\\nof boots, shoes, hats, paper, anchors,\\nbar iron (from native ore,) iron\\ncastings, nails, tacks, axes, cotton\\nginns, straw bonnets, c. The\\nva^ue of these manufactures, in\\none year, amounted to about $250,-\\n000, and gave employment to 400\\nhands.\\nBridport, Vt.\\nAddison co. Bridport was first\\nsettled in 1768, and organized as a\\ntown in 1785. It is bounded on the\\nW. by lake Champlain, and is op-\\nposite to Crown Point, in the state\\nof New York. It is 12 miles W.\\nby S. from Middlebury, 37 S. from\\nBurlington, and 45 S. W. from\\nMontpelier. Population,1830, 1,774.\\nThe surface is nearly level, with\\na loamy soil and sandstone. The\\nwater is bad to the taste, and con-\\ntains Epsom salts. It has a harbor\\non the lake, and the business of the\\ntown is considerable. Across the\\nlake to Crown Point is about 2\\nmiles. A visit to the ruins of this\\nancient fortress, so renowned in the\\nannals of the revolutionary war, and\\nelevated 47 feet above the level of\\nthe lake, is a great treat to the\\ncontemplative traveller, or the lo\\\\ er\\nof splendid scenery. From these\\nwarlike ruins to those of Ticondero-\\nga, is 15 miles, S.\\nBrigJiton, Me.\\nThis town is situated in the\\ncounty of Somerset and bound-\\ned by Athens on the S. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1316, and is 120 miles\\nN. N. \\\\N. from Portland, 50 N.\\nfrom Augusta, and about 30 W.\\nfrom Dover. Population, 1837,\\n798. The same year it produced\\n5,203 bushels of wheat.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBrigliton, Vt.\\nA town in Essex county. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 105. See Barnard. Me.\\nBriglxtoii) Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This was former-\\nly a part of Cambridge, and called\\nLittle Cambridge until its incor-\\nporation in 1807. It lies 5 miles\\nS. W. from Boston, 13 S. E. from\\nConcord, 35 E. from Worcester, 8\\nN. by E. from Dedham, and 15 N.\\nW. by N. from Weymouth landing.\\nPopulation, 1830, 972 1837, 1,337.\\nThe western and northern bounda-\\nries of this town are washed by\\nCharles river. The soil is excel-\\nlent and highly cultivated, and, in\\ncommon with all the towns in the\\nvicinity of Boston, Brighton has be-\\ncome the residence of many peo-\\nple of wealth and taste, who possess\\nbeautiful country seats and splen-\\ndid gardens. Winship s garden\\nis noted throughout the country for\\nits nursery of fruit-trees and shrub-\\nbery, and for its grand display of\\nplants and flowers of every variety.\\nBrighton is the largest cattle market\\nin New England. Monday is the\\nmarket day,when sellers and buyers\\nmeet in throngs to traffic in live\\nstock, both for slaughter and domes-\\ntic use. The sales in 1830 and 1837\\nare here given.\\n1830. JVo. Value.\\nBeef cattle, 37,767, $977,990.\\nStore do. 13,685, 154,564.\\nSheep, 132,697, 215,618.\\nSwine, 19,639, 70,971.\\n203,788, $1,419,143.\\n1837. J\\\\ro.\\nBeef cattle, 32,664,\\nStore do. 16,210,\\nSheep, 110,206,\\nSwine, 17,052,\\nValue.\\n$1,567,872.\\n486,480.\\n275,515.\\n119,364.\\n176,132, $2,449,231.\\nBrimiieltl, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town lied 19\\n6*\\nmiles E. by N. from Springfield, 50\\nW. N. W. from Providence, R. I.,\\nand 70 W. by S. from Boston. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,599. First settled,\\n1714. Incorporated, 1731. This is\\na fine farming town, with a good\\nsoil, and is well watered by Chick-\\nopee and Quinebaugh rivers. The\\narticles manufactured in this town,\\nin one year, amounted to $105,262.\\nThe manufactures consisted of cot-\\nton goods, boots, shoes, leather,\\npalm-leaf hats, chairs and cabinet\\nware. The value of wool grown,\\nin one year, was $4,067.\\nBristol County-) Mass.\\nTaunton and JVew Bedford are\\nthe county towns.\\nThe surface of this county is\\nsomewhat broken, but generally\\nlevel. Its soil in many parts is of\\nan inferior quality. There are 12,-\\n468 sheep. Area, 600 square miles.\\nIt has a maritime coast of consid-\\nerable extent, audits people are ex-\\ntensively engaged in navigation.\\nThe tonnage of the two districts\\nin this county (New Bedford and\\nDighton) is 94,163 tons. This coun-\\nty gives rise to many important\\nstreams that fall into Massachusetts\\nand Narraganset bays, and its wa-\\nter power is abundant in almost ev-\\nery town. It abounds in excellent\\niron ore, and in no section of our\\ncountry, of its extent, are more ex-\\ntensive manufactures of that mate-\\nrial, for almost all the uses of man.\\nThis county is bounded N. by Nor-\\nfolk CO., E. by Plymouth co., S. E.\\nby Buzzard s bay, and W. by the\\ncounties of Providence, Bristol,\\nand Newport, R. I. In king Phi-\\nlip s time this part of the country\\nwas called Pawcunnawcutt. It\\nwas incorporated in 1685. Popula-\\ntion, in 1820, 40,908 1830, 49,474\\nand in 1837, 58,152 97 inhabitants\\nto a square mile. Value of the man-\\nufactures, for the year ending April\\n1 1837, $7,929,479. Product of the\\nfishery, $2,188,656. The TauntoQ\\nand Pawtucket are its chief rivers.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBristol County, R. I.\\nBristol is the chief town. The\\nterritory of this smallest county in\\nNew England, except the county\\nof Suffolk, in Massachusetts, be-\\nlonged to the colony of Massachu-\\nsetts until 1746. It is bounded on\\nthe N. by Bristol county, Mass.,\\nE. by Mount Hope bay, and S. and\\nW. by the upper waters of Narra-\\nganset b-ay. Area, 25 square miles.\\nThe location of this county, on the\\nbeautiful waters of Mount Hope\\nand Narragansetbays, affords it un-\\nrivalled facilities for navigation.\\nThe soil is generally a deep gravelly\\nloam and very fertile, producing va-\\nrious kinds of grain and fruits and\\nhas about 4,000 sheep. The rocks\\nare mostly granite. Bristol county\\naffords some of the best scenery in\\nNew England, and is otherwise in-\\nteresting as being, for many years,\\nthe residence of the brave and cruel\\nPhilip. Population, 1830, 5,466:\\n218 inhabitants to a square mile.\\nBristol, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Nobleborough and Bre-\\nmen, W. by Damariscotta river, S.\\nby the sea, and E. by Muscongus\\nbay. Bristol Mills, so called, is\\nthe centre of the town, or the chief\\nplace of business. The town is\\nfinely watered by the Damariscotta\\nand Pemmaquid, and possesses great\\nhydraulic power and navigable fa-\\ncilities. There are a number of\\nislands in the waters around Bristol,\\nwhich make a beautiful appearance;\\nsome of them are quite large, and\\ninhabited. The surface of Bristol\\nis not mountainous, but elevated,\\nwith a good soil. A number of\\nsquare rigged vessels belong to this\\ntown about 20 sail are engaged in\\nthe coasting trade, and a great num-\\nber of smaller vessels are employ-\\ned in the bank and shore fisheries.\\nBristol lies 15 miles S. E. from Wis-\\ncasset, GO N. E. from Portland, and\\n32 S. E. from Augusta. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 2,788. This town was\\nincorporated in 1765. There was\\na temporary settlement here as ear-\\nly as 1625. In an old fort, on the\\nbanks of the Pemmaquid, once call-\\ned William Henry, and afterwards\\nFrederick George, built of stone, in\\n1692, and taken by the French in\\n1696, are found grave stones of a\\nvery early date, and streets regu-\\nlarly laid out and paved, in the vi-\\ncinity of the fort. On the side of\\nthe river, opposite to the fort, tan\\npits have been discovered, the plank\\nremaining in a state of preserva-\\ntion.. In other places coffins have\\nbeen dug up, which bear indubi-\\ntable evidence of a remote antiqui-\\nty. A considerable portion of\\nthe inhabitants of Bristol are of\\nIrish extraction, a small part of\\nScotch, a few of German and Eng-\\nlish. The predominant character-\\nistics of the inhabitants are frank-\\nness and hospitality, a generous lib-\\nerality of sentiment, and an ardent\\nlove of liberty and independence.\\nThere are few of that class of men\\nwho are esteemed opulent. The\\nmost wealthy are those who labor\\ndaily with their hands, and raise by\\ntheir own individual exertions the\\nbread they consume. On the other\\nhand, the population of the miser-\\nably poor is very small, and the\\ntown is burthened with but few\\npaupers. Bristol was the resi-\\ndence oi Commodore Samuel Tuck-\\ner, distinguished for his bravery in\\nthe revolutionary war.\\nBristol, N. H.\\nBristol, in the S. E. part of Graf-\\nton county, is bounded N. by Bridge-\\nwater, E. by Pemigewasset river,\\nand W.by Hill. It is 16 miles S.from\\nPlymouth, and SON. from Concord.\\nThe land is hilly, but has, in gen-\\neral, a good soil. Newfound pond,\\nabout 6 miles in length and from\\n2 to 3 miles in width, lies in Ibis\\ntown and in Hebron. Its waters\\nare discharged through Newfound\\nriver, a stream about 2 miles long", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand 100 feet wide, into Pemigewas-\\nset river. At the confluence of\\nthese rivers is a pleasant village,\\na cotton factory, and a number of\\nvaluable mill seats. Bristol was\\ntaken from Bridgewater and New\\nChester, and incorporated .June 24,\\n1819. The tirst settlement was\\nmade in 1770. Population, in 1830,\\n799.\\nBristol, Vt.\\nAddison co. It is 25 miles S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, 11 N. from Mid-\\ndlebury, and 25 S. E. from Burling-\\nton. The town is mountainous;\\nsome parts of it, about the Hog s\\nBack and South Mountain, are\\nunfit for cultivation. On the west\\nside of the mountains is some fine\\nland. About 2,200 sheep are kept\\nhere. Bristol is watered by New\\nHaven river, Baldwin and Lewis\\ncreek, and some beautiful natural\\nponds. Here is a good water pow-\\ner, and some manufactures. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 1,247.\\nBristol, R. I.\\nThis is the chief town of Bristol\\ncounty the Pocanocket of the In-\\ndians. It is delightfully situated\\non the waters of Narraganset and\\nMount Hope bavs, m lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 39\\n53 N., Ion. 71\u00c2\u00b0 19 W. It lies 15\\nmiles S. from Providence, 15 N.\\nfrom Newport, and 56 S. S. W.\\nfrom Boston. Its navigable advan-\\ntages are unrivalled. The com-\\nmerce of this place is not so exten-\\nsive as formerly still there is con-\\nsiderable maritime trade. It has\\nIS vessels engaged in the whale\\nfishery, 15 or 20 sail in the mer-\\nchant service, and a lar^e number\\nin the coasting trade. The amount\\nof tonnage in this district in 1837,\\nwas 16,627 tons. Much of the cap-\\nital of this town is employed in man-\\nufacturing concerns at other places.\\nThe town comprises an area of\\nabout 12 square miles, including\\nMount Hope, once the residence of\\nthe celebrated king Philip. The\\nsoil is a deep, gravelly loam, very\\nfertile and productive. Great quan-\\ntities of onions are produced here;\\nthe cultivation of which gives a\\nlucrative employment to a great\\nnumber of the inhabitants. Popu-\\nlation, in 1830, 3,054.\\nMount Hope lies about 2 miles\\nN. E. of the court house. It is of\\na conical form, and though not more\\nthan 300 feet above tide water, pre-\\nsents a view of great interest and\\nbeauty.\\nMount Hope bay is an arm of\\nNarraganset bay it extends N. E.\\nfrom Bristol to Fall river and Som-\\nerset, and receives the waters of\\nTaunton river.\\nBristol, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town was ta-\\nken from Farmington in 1785. It\\nis watered by some streams which\\nflow into Farmington river, and\\nthere are found within its limits\\niron and copper ores, and granite.\\nThe copper mine is very rich and\\nproductive, and will probably be-\\ncome a source of great wealth.\\nThe surface of the town is une-\\nven and hilly, and the soil is a grav-\\nelly loam, and considerably fertile,\\nproducing all kinds of grain, grass\\nand fruit, common to this region.\\nThis is a manufacturing town, and\\nthe inhabitants are distinguished\\nfor their enterprize and industry.\\nThere are at present sixteen clock\\nfactories, in which nearly 100,000\\nbrass and wooden clocks have been\\nmanufactured in a single year.\\nThe manufacture of buttons is also\\ncarried on in this place. Bristol\\nis 16 miles W. by S. from Hartford,\\nand 28 N. from New Haven. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,707; 1837, about\\n2,500.\\nBrookfield, N. H.\\nStrafford co. It is 45 miles from\\nConcord, and 90 from Boston was\\noriginally a part of Middleton, from\\nwhich it was separated and incor-\\nporated Dec. 30, 1794. The soil is", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngood. Cook s pond is the source\\nof the W. branch of Salmon-Fall\\nriver. There is also another small\\npond, covering about 15 acres, di-\\nrectly on the top of Moose moun-\\ntain, which has always about the\\nsame quantity of water, and a va-\\nriety of fish in it. Population, in\\n1830, 679.\\nBrookiield, Vt.\\nOrange co. On the high lands\\nbetween Onion and White rivers\\n40 miles N. by W. from Windsor,\\n16 S. from Montpelier, and bounded\\nby Chelsea on the S. E. It is wa-\\ntered by a number of ponds and\\nsprings, but has no important mill\\nprivileges. This is a fine grazing\\ntown, and feeds about 10,000 sheep.\\nThe products of the dairy are con-\\nsiderable. Here are some manu-\\nfactures, and an inexhaustible bed\\nof marl, from which lime is made.\\nThe town was first settled in 1779,\\nand organized in 1781. Population,\\n1880, 1,677.\\nBi-ookfield, Mass.\\nWorcester co. The Indian Qua-\\nboag, a large, fertile and beautiful\\ntownship, in two parishes, well wa-\\ntered by several large ponds, which\\ngive rise to a principal branch of\\nChickopee river. For about forty\\nyears after its first settlement, in\\n1660, this town suffered exceeding-\\nly by the Indians. The ponds af-\\nford fine fish of various kinds, and\\nin this town is a mineral spring of\\nsome celebrity. It lies 58 miles\\nW. from Boston, 18 W. from Wor-\\ncester, and 7 E. from Ware. In-\\ncorporated, 1673. Population, 1830,\\n2,342; 1837,2,514. The agricul-\\ntural products of this town are but-\\nter, cheese, wool, and fine beef cat-\\ntle. The manufactures consist of\\nboots, shoes, leather, iron castings,\\nploughs, chairs, cabinet ware, palm-\\nleaf hats, silver plate, shoe ma-\\nkers rolling and shingle machines,\\nsleighs, carpenters hammers, coach\\nwrenches, sewing silkj and wooden\\nlegs. These manufactures, for the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, amount-\\ned to $248,502, exclusive of the\\nsilk.\\nBrookiield, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town lies 33\\nmiles S. W. from New Haven, 24\\nN. by W. from Fairfield, and 6 N.\\nby E. from Danbury. It was taken\\nfrom New Milford, Danbury, and\\nNewtown, in 1788, and named af-\\nter the first minister. Rev. Thomas\\nBrooks, who was ordained when\\nthe church was organized, in 1758.\\nThe surface of the town is some-\\nwhat broken, but the soil is strong,\\nand well adapted to the culture\\nof grain. The rocks in many parts\\nof the town are limestone, and af-\\nford marble. The N. E.^^boundary\\nis washed by the Housatonick riv-\\ner, over which is a bridge to Mil-\\nford and Still river passes nearly\\nthrough its centre. Fish, particu-\\nlarly shad, are taken in its waters.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,261.\\nBrookline, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. On the S. line\\nof the state. It is 7 miles from Am-\\nherst, 35 from Concord, and 43 from\\nBoston. Nisitissit is the only river\\nin Brookline. It rises in the N. E.\\npart of Mason passes through the\\nS. part of Milford into Brookline,\\npursuing a S. E. course to Potanipo\\npond. From the pond it runs S. E.\\nto Hollis, passing through the S. W.\\ncorner of that town into Pepperell,\\nwhere it empties into Nashua river.\\nPotanipo, or Tanapus pond, is situ-\\nated near the meeting house. It is\\nabout a mile long and one third of a\\nmile wide. Brookline formerly be-\\nlonged to Massachusetts. It wag\\nincorporated March 30, 17(59, by\\nthe name of Baby. In Nov. 1798,\\nthe name was altered by an act of\\nthe legislature to Brookline. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 627.\\nBrookline, Vt.\\nWindham co. Set off from Put-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nney and Athens in 1794. The east-\\nerly part of the town is elevated\\nand unproductive. A deep valley\\nruns through the town, in which\\nis some good land. Its principal\\nstream is Grassy brook, a branch of\\nWest river. An exten-^ive bed of\\nporcelain clay is found here. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, .376. 35 miles S.\\nfrom Windsor, 10 N. E. from New-\\nfane, and IS N. from Brattlebo-\\nrough.\\nBrool^Lae, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This delightful town\\nis connected with Boston by the\\nmill-dam across Charles river bay\\none of the most beautiful and ex-\\npensive avenues leading to the city^.\\nIt is distant from Boston about 5\\nmiles S. W., and from DedhamS\\nmiles N. N. E. Incorporated, 1705.\\nPopulation, 1837,1,083. This town\\nis remarkable for its varied surface,\\nhigh state of cultivation, elegant\\ncountry seats and gardens, excel-\\nlent roods, and for its rich and pic-\\nturesque scenery. Many gentle-\\nmen of taste and fortune make this\\ntheir residence.\\nBrooklyn, Ct.\\nShire town of Windham co. This\\ntown is finely watered by Quinne-\\nbaug river, and Blackw^elTs stream.\\nIt was taken from Pomfret and Can-\\nterbury in 1786. The land is une-\\nven, and somewhat stony; but the\\nsoil is strong, producing in abund-\\nance all the varieties common to\\na fertile erazing country. This\\ntown lies 30 miles E. from Hart-\\nford, 44 W. from Providence, R. I.,\\nand about 20 N. by E. from Nor-\\nwich. Population, 1S30, 1,451.\\nGood landscapes are obtained from\\nthe Gray Mare and Tetnuck hills.\\nHere is a cave called the Lion s\\nBen, and a mineral spring of some\\nnotoriety. The celebrated hero.\\nGeneral Israel Putnam, lived many\\nyear? and died in this town. He\\nwas born at Salem, Mass., Jan. 7,\\n171S. He died May 29, 1790.\\nSpeaking of this brave man. Dr.\\nDwight observes, During the gay-\\nest and most thoughtless period of\\nhis life, he regarded religion with\\nprofound reverence, and read the\\nscriptures with the greatest atten-\\ntion.\\nBrooks Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town is 11 miles\\nN. N. W. from Belfast, and 45 N.\\nE. from Augusta. It produced in\\n1837, 3 ,475 bushels of wheat. From\\nPaasaggassawakeag pond issues a\\nstream of the same name, which\\npasses into Belfast bay. First set-\\ntled, 1798. Incorporated, 1816.\\nPopulation, 1837, 800.\\nBrooksville, Me.\\nHancock co. On the E. side of\\nPenobscot bay, opposite to Islesbo-\\nrough and Casline. It is bounded\\non ^he N. by an arm of that bay,\\ni and includes cape Rosico. This\\ntown is well located for navigation\\nand the fisheries. It lies 80 miles E.\\nfrom Augusta, and about 25 S. E.\\nfrom Ellsworth. Population, 1837,\\n1,192. Incorporated, 1817.\\nBro\\\\^ nlielcl, Me.\\nOxford CO. Bounded E. by Sacc\\nriver, and contains several ponds\\nand streams 81 miles S. E. from\\nAugusta, and 30 S. W\\\\ from Paris.\\nIncorporated, 1802. Population,\\n1837, 1,178.\\nBrOAvnington, Vt.\\nOrleans co. Willoughby river, a\\nbranch of Barton river, furnishes\\nthis town with a good mill stream.\\nIt lies 45 miles N.^N. E. from Mont-\\npelier, and 57 N. E. from Burling-\\nton. Chartered, 1790. Population,\\n1830, 412. It is divided from Iras-\\nburs, on the W., by Barton river.\\nIn this town are about 1,500 sheep.\\nBroAViiville, Me.\\nI Piscataquis co. Bounded on the\\nN. and E. by Pleasant river, S. by\\nWilliamsburgh, and W. by Vaug-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhan. Incorporated, 1824. Popu-\\nlation, 1S37, 532. It lies about 20\\nmiles N. from Dover, 97 N. N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, and 171 N. N. E.\\nfrom Portland. This is a good town-\\nship of land, and produced, in 1837,\\no,252 bushels of wheat.\\nBrujis^vicls, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town is on\\nthe S. side of Androscoggin river,\\nand connected with Topshajn by a\\nsubstantial bridge. It is 27 miles N.\\nE. from Portland, 30 S. of Augusta,\\nand 3 W. from Bath. Population, in\\n1830, 3,747; and in 1837, 4,136. It\\nlies at the head of the tide waters,\\nwhere vessels of 400 tons are built.\\nVast quantities of timber and logs\\ndescend the Androscoggin to this\\nplace, and lumber of all kinds is\\nsent to Bath in gondolas, or trans-\\nported by land to the sea board. A\\nrail-road, of about 4 miles in length,\\nis contemplated, for the transporta-\\ntion of lumber. There are 30 board\\nsaw mills at this place, exclusive of\\nthose in Topsham. Two cotton and\\nwoolen factories were erected here\\nbut they were both burnt in 1824.\\nAnother factory was built in JS34,\\ncalculated for 4,000 spindles. It is\\nof stone, five stories high, and 174\\nby 45 feet. Other factories are con-\\ntemplated. This place, possessing\\nsuch an eshaustless water power,\\nand situated on navigable waters,\\nand on a large and beautiful river,\\nextending 140 miles info the heart\\nof a fertile and healthy country,\\ncannot fail of very soon becoming\\none of our largest manufacturing\\ntowns.\\nBi-unswick was first settled in\\n1627, and incorporated in 1739. It\\nhas been the scene of much savage\\naggression. See Register.\\nBrunswick, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This town was first\\nsettled in 1780. Population, 1830,\\n160. It lies on the W. side of\\nConnecticut river, and has some\\nexcellent mill sites on the waters\\nof Nulhegan river, and Wheeler\\nand Paul s streams. There are\\nsome beautiful ponds in town, and\\na mineral spring said to contain me-\\ndicinal virtues. It is 55 miles N. E.\\nfrom Montpelier, 14 N. from Guild-\\nhall, and opposite to Stratford,\\nN. H.\\nBuckJield, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town is finely\\nwatered by a branch of Androscog-\\ngin river. It is bounded on the W.\\nby Paris, and is 34 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Augusta, and 50 N. by W.\\nfrom Portland. Population, 1837,\\n1,618. The soil of this town is very\\ngood. Among its agricultural pro-\\nduct-, in 1837, it yielded 5,613 bush-\\nels of wheat.\\nEuclcland, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This is a pleasant\\ntown and is separated from Charle-\\nmont by Deerfiehi river. It lies\\n102 miles W. by N. from Boston,\\n10 W. from Greenfield, and 20 E.\\nS. E. from Adams. Incorporated,\\n1779. Population, 1837, 1,051.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis is a good farming town, and\\nproduces a considerable quantity of\\nwool.\\nBiiclcsport, Me.\\nHancock co. This town lies on\\nthe E. side of Penobscot river, 15\\nmiles below Bangor, 61 N. E. by\\nE. from Augusta, and about 18 W.\\nby N. from Ellsworth. It has a\\nfine harbor for vessels of the larg-\\nest class, and which is seldom ob-\\nstructed by ice. The soil is good,\\nand the town is watered by a num-\\nber of ponds and streams. Consid-\\nerable shipping belong to this place,\\nand the trade is quite extensive,\\nparticularly in the lumber business.\\nIt has some manufactures. From\\n1792 to 1816, Bucksport was called\\nBuckstoion. Ths is a very beauti-\\nful town, elevated, healthy, and\\nflourishing. It is situated just\\nabove the head of Orphan s island.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\non wLich a Ibrt is to be erected.\\nPopuIation,lS30, 2,237; 1837,2,825.\\nBiu-ke, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. A mountain, 3,500\\nfeet in height, divides this town\\nfrom Victory, on the E. Branches\\nof Passumpriic river pass through it,\\nand afford a good water power.\\nThis is a phice of some manufac-\\nturcs,pa;-ticularly of oil stones. Tiiis\\nstone (novacuUte) is found on an\\nisland in Memphremagog lake.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe stones are brought in their\\nrough state, and their quality is\\nsaid to equal those from Turkey.\\nThe soil of the town is good, and\\nabounds with hard-wood and ever-\\ngreens. A large number of sheejj\\nare kept here. Burke was tirst set-\\ntled in 17S0. Population, 1S30,\\n8fi8. It lies 40 miles N. E. from\\nMontpelier, and 19 N. E. from Dan-\\nville.\\nBurlington, Me.\\nPenobscot co. The number of\\ninhabitants in this town in 1837,\\nwas 277. They produced the same\\nyear 2,106 bushels of wheat. See\\nBarnard, Me.\\nBurlington, Vt.\\nThis is the chief town in the\\ncounty of Chittenden. It is de-\\nlightfully situated upon the tongue\\nof land formed by the confluence\\nof the Winoo ki,or Onion river, with\\nlake Champlain. This is the most\\nimportant town in Vermont. It\\nlies in lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0 27 N. and in Ion.\\n73=* 15 W. It is 38 miles W. N.\\nW. from Montpelier, 62 S. by E.\\nfrom St. Johns, L. C, 80 S. S. E.\\nfrom Montreal, 70 N. from White-\\nhall, 22 S. E. from Pittsburgh, 10\\nmiles across the lake to Port Kent,\\nN. Y. and 440 from Washington.\\nAlthough some beginnings were\\nmade before that event, no perma-\\nnent settlement was effected in this\\ntownship till about ihe close of the\\nrevolution in 1783. The town was\\norganized by the election of town\\nofficers about the year 1786. The\\nsurface of the township is agreea-\\nbly diversified, and is so much ele-\\nvated above the lake that the air is\\npure and wholesome.\\nThis town is not surpassed in\\nbeauty of location by any one in\\nNew England. It lies on the east\\nshore of Burlington bay, and occu-\\npies a gentle declivity, descending\\ntowards the west and terminated by\\nthe waters of the lake. The prin-\\ncipal streets, running east and west\\nare one mile in length, and these\\nare intersected at right angles by\\nstreets running north and south,\\nand cutting the whole village into\\nregular squares. A lai-ge share of\\nthe business on lake Champlain\\ncentres at this place, and the town\\nis rapidly increasing in wealth and\\nconsequence. There are regular\\ndaily lines of steam-boats between\\nthis place and Whitehall, between\\nthis and St. Johns and between this\\nand Plattsburgh, besides numerous\\narrivals of irregular boats, sloops,\\nc. Three extensive wharves,\\nwith slore-hou-es, have been con-\\nstructed and most of the merchan-\\ndize designed for the north-eastern\\nsection of Vermont is landed here.\\nThe trade is principally with the\\ncity of New York, although Mont-\\nreal and Troy have a share. For\\nthe safety of the navigation, a light-\\nhouse has been erected on Juniper\\nisland, at the entrance of Burling-\\nton bay, and for the security of the\\nharbor, a breakwater has been com-\\nmenced here at the expense of the\\noencral t!;overnmcnt. There are\\nifour lines of mail stages which ar-\\nrive and depart daily, besides three\\nor four others which come in and\\ngo out twice or thrice a week.\\nThe public buildings are six\\nchurches, the University of Ver-\\nmont, the Episcopal Institute, the\\ncourt house, two banks, the Acad-\\nemy and two female seminaries.\\nThe University consists of four\\nspacious ediljces, located upon the\\nsummit at the eastern extremity of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nthe villasfe, more than 250 feet\\nabove the level of the lake, and com-\\nmands one of the finest prospects\\nin the United States. The village,\\nthe lake, with its bays and islands\\nits steam-boats and sloops, the\\nWinooski river, dashing through\\nfrightl\\\\il chasms and then winding\\namong the beautiful meadows, and\\nthe distant and lofty mountains\\nwhich form the great outline,\\nrender the view from the dome of\\nthe University one of the most va-\\nriegated and interesting to be met\\nwith in our country.\\nAs a part of Burlington may be\\nmentioned the village called Win-\\nooski City. It is situated on both\\nsides of the Winooski river, partly\\nin Burlington and partly in Col-\\nchester, and is one mile from the\\nvillage of Burlington. The water\\npower here is sufficient for propel-\\nling almost any amount of machine-\\nry, and is beginning to be employed\\nto some purpose. Besides two saw\\nmills, a large grist mill, a machine\\nshop and numerous smaller works,\\nthere is a large satinet factory and\\nm extensive block factory now in\\nsuccessful operation, and a woolen\\nfactory of the first class is to com-\\nmence running the present season.\\nA substantial covered bridge con-\\nnects the two sides of the river; a\\nhandsome church, and several stores\\nhave been erected, and Winooski\\nCity bids fair to become a place of\\nbusiness and importance. See Reg-\\nister.\\nBurlington, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This town is wa-\\ntered by Vine brook, a branch of\\nthe Shawsheen river. It lies 11\\nmiles S. E. from Lowell, 10 N. E.\\nfrom Concord, and 1.3 N. W. by N.\\nfrom Boston. Population, 1837,\\n522, Some shoes are made here.\\nThe soil is light, and suitable for\\nthe growth of rye and hops.\\nEurliiigtoii, Ct.\\nHartford co. An agricultural\\ntownship, with a soil of gravelly\\nloam, pleasantly diversified by hills\\nand vales, 17 miles W. from Hart-\\nlord, and .3G N. from New Haven\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,301. It is water\\ned by Farmington rivei-,and was tak-\\nen from Bristol in 1806. This town\\nhas some manufactui-es. and has\\nbeen noted for the equality of its\\ninhabitants, in regard to property.\\nBiirjiliani, Me.\\nWaldo CO. It lies 37 miles N.\\nE. from Augusta, and about 30 N.\\nW. from Belfast. It is bounded s!\\nW. by Sebasticook river, and E. by\\nTroy. Incorporated, 1824. Popu-\\nlation, 1S37, 602. It produced\\n2,297 bushels of wheat in 1837.\\nEiiriiliain s River, W. H.\\nSee Lyman, JS H.\\nBurnt Coat Island, Me.\\nHancock co. A large island, sur-\\nrounded by olhers of a smaller\\nsize, lying off Blue Hill bay, E. by\\nS. from Deer island about 13 miles,\\nand about 6 miles S. by W. from\\nthe town of Mount Desert. It has\\na light-house and good harbors, and\\nis a fine location for the shore fish-\\nery.\\nBiirrilville, R. I.\\nProvidence co. This town was\\ntaken from Gloucester in 1808. It\\nis finely watered by Branch river,\\nwith many branches; one branch\\nof which lises in Allum pond, part-\\nly in this town and partly in Doug-\\nlas, Mass. This river is an im-\\nportant tributary \\\\o the Blackstone.\\nManufacturing villages are scatter-\\ned over this farge town in almost\\nevery direction, and a vast amount\\nof manufactures of various kinds is\\nannually produced. The face of\\nthe town is rough, but the soil is\\nadapted to grazing, and produces\\nlarge quantities of^beef, pork, but-\\nter, cheese, c. Herring and Ed-\\ndy s ponds are pleasant sheets of\\nwater. Burrilville lies 24 miles", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nN. W. from Providence, and 27 S.\\nby E. from Worcester. Population,\\n1830, 2,196.\\nBuxtou, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is bounded\\non the S. W. by Saco river. At\\nthis place the Saco falls about SO\\nfeet, and produces a great hydrau-\\nlic power, which is partly improv-\\ned for manufacturing establish-\\nments. It lies 8 miles N. W. from\\nSaco, 16 N. E. from Alfred, 18 W.\\nfrom Portland, and 71 S. AV. from\\nAugusta. Incorporated, 1772. Pop-\\nulation, 1837 2,SS8.\\nBlizzard s Bay, Mass.\\nThis bay lies N. W. from Dukes\\ncounty, W. from Barnstable county,\\nand S. by E. from the counties of\\nPlymouth and Bristol. The length\\nof the bay is about 30 miles from\\nN. E. to S. W., and its average\\nbreadth about 7 miles. From the\\nhead of this bay, across Cape Cod\\nto Massachusetts bay, (the place\\nproposed for a canal,) is 5 miles.\\nBjrfleld, Mass.\\nSee JVewhury.\\nByraiu River.\\nSee Greenwich, Ct.\\nByron, Me.\\nOxford CO. See Barnard, Me.\\nCaljot, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. On the height of\\nland between Onion and Connecti-\\ncut rivers. The Plain is delight-\\nfully situated, having the Green\\nand White mountains in prospect.\\nSeveral branches of the Onion riv-\\ner water this town, and afford it\\nsome water power. Here is Jo\\nand Molly s pond, and a sulphur\\nspring. The surface is broken and\\nhard, but good for sheep, of wliich\\nabout 6,000 are reared. The town\\nwas first ssttled in 1785. The first\\nfemales who came here came on\\nsnow-shoes. This is the birth place\\nof Zerah Colhurn, the celebrated\\nmathematician. Cabot lies 12 miles\\nN. E. from Montpelier, and bound-\\ned E. by Danville. Population,\\n1830, 1,304.\\nCalais, Me.\\nWashington co. At the head of\\nnavigation on the Schoodic, or St.\\nCroix river, nearly opposite to St.\\nAndrews, N. B. The Ujyjjer vil-\\nlage, or Mill Town, is about two\\nmiles from tide water. At the\\nLower village, below the falls, is a\\nbridge lo the British side. Calais\\nlies 28 miles above Eastport, about\\n35 N. by E. from Machias, and 204\\nE. N. E. from Augusta. This is a\\ngreat mart for lumber of all kinds.\\nAbout 40 saw mills and other ma-\\nchinery are in operation by the\\ngreat fall of the river. The tide\\nrises here about 20 feet, and large\\nvessels ascend to the lower village.\\nA rail-road is in operation between\\nthe two villages; it is to extend to\\nBaring. Incorporated, 1809. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,686; 1837, 3,027.\\nCalais, Vt.\\nWashington co. Abijah Whee-\\nlock and others first settled this\\ntown in 1737. It lies 36 miles E.\\nby S. from Burlington, and 12 N. E.\\nfrom Montpelier. Population, 1830,\\n1,539. Calais has a number of\\nstreams, branches of Onion river,\\nand several fine ponds. Two thou-\\nsand pounds of trout have been tak-\\nen in a season. There is some man-\\nufacturing carried on in the town,\\nand it feeds about 6,000 sheep.\\nCaledonia Comity, Vt.\\nDanville is the chief town.\\nBounded E. by Connecticut river\\nand Essex county S. by Orange\\ncounty W. by Washington coun-\\nty, and N. by the county of Orleans.\\nIt contains about 700 square miles.\\nPopulation, 1820, 16,669; 1S30,\\n19,943. Inhabitants to a square\\nmile, 28. Incorporated, 1792. The\\neastern range of the Green moun-\\ntains extends through the western", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\npart of the county. It is watered\\nby many fine streams, but the Con-\\nnecticut and Passumpsic are its\\nchief rivers. A large part of the\\ncounty is high and good land that\\nalong the rivers is excellent. It\\nproduces wheat and other grain,\\nbeef cattle, horses, and about 60,-\\n000 sheep. There are some sul-\\nphur springs in this county lime-\\nstone and granite are abundant.\\nCajiitoi-itlge, Me.\\nSomerset co. In the year 1S37\\nthe town had a population of 431,\\nand raised, the same year, 2,890\\nbushels of wheat. See Barnard.\\nMe.\\nCambridge, K H.,\\nCoos CO., is an uninhabited town-\\nship, of 23,160 acres, granted May\\n19, 1773, to Nathanier Rogers and\\nothers. It is bounded N. by the\\ntownship of Errol and Umbagog\\nlake, E. by the state of Maine, S.\\nby Success and Milan, and W. by\\nDummer. This tract has an une-\\nven surface, but might be advanta-\\ngeously cultivated. Several streams\\nrise here, and fall into the Ameris-\\ncoggin, which passes through the\\nN. W. part of the town.\\nCaiifil i*idg-e, Vt.\\nLamoille co. It lies 30 miles N.\\nW. from Montpelier, and about 16\\nW. from Hydepark. Population,\\n1830, 1,613. First settled, 17,83.\\nThe Lamoille and other streams\\naffoi-d this town a good water pow-\\ner. There is some good intervale\\nin the town, but the land is rough,\\nand chiefly valuable for grazing\\nit feeds about 7,000 sheep.\\nCambridge, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This tov/n may\\nbe divided into three parts Old\\nCambridge, the seat of the most\\nancient and best endowed college,\\nin the LTnited States, is 3 miles from\\nWest Boston bridge, whirh divides\\nCambridge from Boston. Cam-\\nbridge- Port is a coTnpact, flourish-\\ning village, about midway between\\nthe University and the bridge. East\\nCambridge is of newer growth, and\\nis a very tlourishing place. It is\\nthe seat of the county courts, and\\nis immediately connected with Bos-\\nton by Canal bridge and the viaduct\\nof the Boston and Lowell rail-road,\\nover Charles river. This town was\\nincorporated by the name of New-\\nton in 1630. It took the name of\\nCambridge in 1638. The first print-\\ning press in America was establish-\\ned here, by Stephen Day, in 1639.\\nThe first work printed was the\\nFreeman s Oath. In this town\\nare various and extensive manu-\\nfactories. They consist of glass,\\nhats, leather, boots and shoes, shoe\\nblacking, tin ware, chairs and cabi-\\nnet ware, rail-road cars, chaises,\\ncoaches, and other carriages; iron\\naxletrees, harnesses, organs, car-\\npenters tools, clothing, pumps and\\nblocks, cigars, brass and britannia\\nware, bricks, ropes and twine, soap,\\nbrushes, varnish, confectionary,\\nstamped and stained paper, stoves,\\nsheet iron, glue, pocket books, and\\nm.edicine. The value of these man-\\nufactures the year ending April 1,\\n1837, amounted to $930,6G6. The\\namount of glass, which is consid-\\nered of admirable quality, exceed-\\ned $450,000. Cambridge is very\\npleasant, although not so elevated\\nas some of the neighboring towns.\\nBesides the buildings of the Uni-\\nversity, it contains the United\\nStates arsenal, other handsome pub-\\nlic buildings, and many very ele-\\ngant private residences. Pop.^1830,\\n1,072 1837, 7,631. See Re^/ater.\\nMount Auburn Cemetery, lies\\nabout a mile W. of the Univer-\\nsity, in the towns of Cambridge and\\nWatertown. It contains about 100\\nacres of land, and is laid out with\\ngravelled walks, and planted and\\nembellished with all the varieties\\nof trees, shrubbery, and flowers.\\nLots of ground, of 300 square feet.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nat suitable distances along the\\nwinding passages, are appropriated\\nas family burial places, with the\\nperpetual right to purchasers of\\nenclosing, decorating, and using\\nthem for that purpose. Numerous\\nmonuments of exquisite workman-\\nship are already erected, which\\nadd, if possible, to the melancholy\\ngrandeur of the scene. It is an en-\\nchanting spot a magnificent rest-\\ning place of the dead. This ceme-\\ntery was dedicated Sept. 24, 1831.\\nWe cannot deny ourselves the\\ngratification of quoting a few lines\\nfrom the descriptive part of Judge\\nStory s admirable address on that\\noccasion.\\nA rural cemetery seems to com-\\nbine in itself all the advantages\\nwhich can be proposed to gratify\\nhuman feelings, or tranquilize hu-\\nman fears; to secure the best re-\\nligious influences, and to cherish\\nall those associations which cast a\\ncheerful light over the darkness of\\nthe grave.\\nAnd what spot can be more ap-\\npropriate than this, for such a pur-\\npose Nature seems to point it out\\nwith significant energy, as the fa-\\nvorite retirement for the dead.\\nThere are around us all the vai ied\\nfeatures of her beauty and gran-\\ndeur the forest-crowned height\\nthe abrupt acclivity the sheltered\\nvalley; the deep glen; the grassy\\nglade, and the silent grove. Here\\nare the lofty oak, the beech, that\\nwreaths its old fantastic roots so\\nhigh, the rustling pine, and the\\ndrooping willow, the tree, that\\nsheds its pale leaves with every\\nautumn, a fit emblem of our own\\ntransitory bloom and the ever-\\ngreen, with its perennial shoots, in-\\nstructing us, that the wintry blast\\nof death kills not the buds of vir-\\ntue. Here is the thick shrubbery,\\nto protect and conceal the new-\\nmade grave and there is the wild-\\nflower creeping along the narrow\\npath, and planting its seeds in the\\nupturned earth. All around us\\nthere breaths a solemn calm, as if\\nwe Avere in the bosom of a wilder-\\nness, broken only by the breeze aa\\nit murmurs through the tops of the\\nforest, or by the notes of the warb-\\nler, pouring forth his matin or his\\nevening song.\\nAscend but a few steps, and\\nwhat a change of scenery to sur-\\nprise and delight us. We seem, as\\nit were, in an instant, to pass from\\nthe confines of death to the bright\\nand balmy regions of life. Below us\\nflows tke winding Charles, Avith its\\nrippling current, like the stream of\\ntime hastening to the ocean of eter-\\nnity. In the distance, the city,\\nat once the object of our admiration\\nand our love, rears its proud emi-\\nnences, its glittering spires, its lofty\\ntowers, its graceful mansions, its\\ncurling smoke, its crowded haunts\\nof business and pleasure, which\\nspeak to the eye, and yet leave a\\nnoiseless loneliness on the ear.\\nAgain we turn, and the walls of\\nour venerable University rise be-\\nfore us, with many a recollection\\nof happy daj-s passed there in the\\ninterchange of study and friend-\\nship, and many a grateful thought\\nof the affluence of its learning,\\nwhich has adorned and nourished\\nthe literature of our country.\\nAgain we turn, and the cultivated\\nfarm, the neat cottage, the village\\nchurch, the spai-kling lake, the rich\\nvalley, and the distant hills, are be-\\nfore us through opening vistas and\\nwe breathe amidst the fresh and\\nA aried labors of man.\\nThere is, therefore, within our\\nreach, every variety of natural and\\nartificial scenery, which is fitted to\\nawaken emotions of the highest and\\nmost affecting character. We stand,\\nas it were, upon the borders of two\\nworlds and as the mood of our\\nminds may be, v/e may gather les-\\nsons of profound wisdom by con-\\ntrasting the one with the other, or\\nindulge in the dreams of hope and\\nambition, or solace our hearts by\\nmelancholy meditations.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCamden, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This sea-port is fine-\\nly located for navigation, with two\\nbeautiful harbors, on tlie W. side of\\nPenobscot bay, 10 miles N. from\\nThomaston, 17 S. from Belfast, and\\n40 E. S. E. from Augusta. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 2,991. this place has\\nsome navigation engaged in the\\ncoasting trade and fisheries, and\\nconsiderable ship building is carri-\\ned on but the principal business\\nis the manufacture of lime from in-\\nexhaustible quarries of marble, or\\nlime stone. About 200,000 casks\\nof lime is annually shipped from\\nthis place to all parts of the United\\nStates. This lime is noted for mak-\\ning a cement of a superior quality.\\nThe Megunticook river waters a\\npart of the town, and gives it a\\ngreat water power, which might\\nbe well applied to manufacturing\\npurposes. From a mountain in the\\nrear of the town a beautiful pros-\\npect is presented of Penobscot bay\\nand its numerous islands. Camden\\nis a pleasant retreat in summer\\nmonths.\\nCamel s Bacic aioiiiatain, Vt.\\nThis most elevated summit of the\\nGreen mountains lies in Huuiing-\\nton, 17 miles W. from Montpehel-,\\n25 N. E. from Middlebury, and 20\\nS. E. from Burlington. It is 4,188\\nfeet above the sea.\\nCamptoii, W. H.,\\nGrafton co., Is bounded N. by\\nThornton, E. by Sandwich, S. by\\nHolderness and Plymouth, W. by\\nRumney; is 50 miles from Con-\\ncord, and 75 from Portsmouth. Its\\nsurface is broken and uneven,\\nabounding with rocky ledges, and\\nhaving several mountainous tracts.\\nBesides Pemigewasset river, run-\\nning N. and S. through nearly the\\ncentre of the town, it is watered by\\nMad and Beebe s rivers, which fail\\ninto the Pemigewasset on the E.,\\nand by West Branch river and Bo\\nbrook on the W. The land in the\\nvalleys is generally good, and there\\nis some good intervale. The high\\nland is good for grazing. The for-\\nest trees are mostly deciduous. No\\nwhite oak or pitch pine is found N.\\nof the centre of the town. Iron\\nore of an inferior quality is found\\nin some places. The towns of\\nCampton and Rumney were both\\ngranted in Oct. 1761, to Capt. Jabez\\nSpencer, of East Haddam, Conn.,\\nbut he dying before a settlement\\nwas effected, his heirs, in conjunc-\\ntion with others, obtained a new\\ncharter, Jan. 5, 1767. The first\\nsettlement was made in 1765, by\\ntwo families of the names of Fox\\nand Taylor. The proprietors held\\ntheir first meeting Nov, 2, 1769,\\nand the inhabitants theirs, Dec. 16,\\n1771. From the circumstance of\\nthe first proprietors building a ca?np\\nwhen they went to survey Camp-\\nton and Rumney, this town derives\\nits name. In the revolutionary\\nwar, this town, though in its infan-\\ncy, furnished nine or ten soldiers,\\ni\\\\ve of whom died in the service,\\nand three were living in 1822. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 1,318.\\nCanaan, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1774, and incorporated in\\n1788. It formerly embraced the\\nterritory of Skowhegan and Bloom-\\nfield. It is a good farming town,\\nand produced, in 1837, 5,444 bushels\\nof wheat. It lies on the east side\\nof Kennebec river, 13 miles E. from\\nNorridgewock, and 34 N. from Au-\\ngusta. Population, 1837, 1,347.\\nCanaau, N. H.\\nGrafton co. Bounded N. by\\nDame s gore, which separates it\\nfrom Dorchester, E. by Orange, S.\\nby Enfield, and W. by Hanover,\\nand is situated on the height of land\\nbetween the rivers Connecticut and\\nMerrimack. It is 16 miles E. from\\nDartmouth college, 30 S. E. from\\nHaverhill, 25 S. W. from Plymouth,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand 40 N, W. from Concord. The\\nonly stream of consequence is the\\nMascomy, which rises in the N.W.\\npart of Dorchester, and after a me-\\nandering course of 8 or 10 miles,\\nfalls into Mascomy pond in Enfield.\\nIndian stream river rises in the S.\\nE. corner of Dorchester, and run-\\nning about 8 miles, mingles with\\nthe waters of Mascomy, near the\\ncentre of the town. Heart pond,\\nso called from its figure, is situated\\nin the centre of the town, and upon\\na swell of land so elevated that\\nat a distance it presents the appear-\\nance of a sheet of water on a hill.\\nIt is about 500 rods in length and\\n200 in width, and the only natural\\ncuiiosity of any note, is the mound,\\nor bank of earth, which nearly sur-\\nrounds this pond. It is from 4 to\\n5 feet high, and from its uniforju\\nheight and regular construction\\nwould seem to be the work of art\\nbut from frequent annual observa-\\ntion, it is found to have been pro-\\nduced by the drifting of the ice\\nwhen breaking up in the spring.\\nBesides this, there are Goose,\\nClark s, Mud and Bear ponds. The\\nland is not so broken as in some of\\nthe adjoining towns. There is but\\nlittle not capable of cultivation.\\nThe soil is tolerably fertile, and\\nproduces wheat, rye, corn, flax, c.\\nCanaan was granted by charter,\\nJuly 9, 1761, to 62 persons, all of\\nwhom except ten belonged to Con-\\nnecticut. It derived its name from\\nCanaan in that state. The first per-\\nmanent settlement was made in the\\nwinter, in 1766 or 7, by John Sco-\\nfield, who conveyed what effects\\nhe possessed the distance of 14 miles\\nover a crust of snow upon a hand-\\nsled. Among others of the first\\nsettlers, were George Harris, Tho-\\nmas Miner, Joshua Harris, and\\nSamuel Jones. The first proprie-\\ntors meeting was held July 19,\\n1768. Population, in 1830, 1,428.\\nCanaau, Vt.\\nEssex CO. Bounded N. by Can-\\n7*\\nada, and E. by Stewartstown, N,\\nH. 31 miles N. from Guildhall,\\nand 112 N. E. from Montpelier.\\nFirst settled, 1785. Population,\\n1830, 373. The land in this town\\nis broken and cold. Leed s pond\\nproduces an abundance of fish.\\nCanaan produces more fish than\\ngrain.\\nCanaan, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. First settled in\\n1738. Incorporated, 1739. Canaan\\nlies 41 miles N. W. from Hartford,\\nand IS N. N. W. from Litchfield.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,301. The town\\nlies on the E. side of Housatonick\\nriver, opposite to Salisbury. A\\nledge of limestone rocks crosses the\\nriver at this place, about 30 rods in\\nlength, causing a perpendicular fall\\nof 60 feet. The river is rapid, both\\nabove and below this beautiful cata-\\nract. The whole descent of the\\nriver, in Canaan, is about 130 feet,\\nnobly arranged and distributed,\\nand comprehending a remarkable\\nvariety of beauty and grandeur.\\nThe township is mountainous, with\\nsome arable land along the streams\\nAbout 4,000 sheep are kept hei-e.\\nThis section of country is noted for\\nits excellent mutton. Limestone\\nand iron ore are abundant the lat-\\nter is of a very fine qualit^^ Iron\\nworks, on an extensive scale, are\\nestablished here a satinet factory\\nand other machinery.\\nCanals in Ne^v flugland*\\nSee Register.\\nCandia, N. H.)\\nRockingham co.. Was detached\\nfrom the N. part of Chester and in-\\ncorporated, 1763. The soil is natu-\\nrally hard of cultivation but the\\nindustry of the inhabitants has made\\nit fruitful. It was originally cover-\\ned with a thick growth of oak, ash,\\nmaple, birch, c. The site of this\\ntown is elevated, and commands\\nan extensive view of the rich scene-\\nry of the adjacent country the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWhite Hills, the Wachusett, and\\nother mountains, the lights on Plum\\nisland, and the ocean being visible.\\nIn the W. part of the town is a\\nridge of land extending from N. to\\nS., which is the highest elevation\\nbetween JMerrimack river and the\\nocean. On the E. side of this ridge,\\ntwo branches of Lamprey river\\ntake their rise. Cantlia lies 15\\nmiles from Concord. This town\\namong others contributed largely\\nto the attainment of independence\\nand the names of 69 soldiers of the\\nrevolution are found on its records.\\nThe inhabitants are mostly indus-\\ntrious farmers, many of whom are\\nwealthy. Population, 1830, 1,362.\\nCanterbury, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. Canterbury,\\nthough an uneven township, is not\\nmountainous. The soil is generally\\ngood the more uneven parts af-\\nfording excellent pasturage. There\\nare no large streams in this town\\nbut several ponds give rise to smal-\\nler streams, furnishing good mill\\nsites, and near which are cut great\\nquantities of hay. Two bridges over\\nthe Merrimack connect this town\\nwith Eoscawen. The town was set-\\ntled about 1727, and for a long time\\nthe inhabitants were exposed to the\\ninroads of the savages. The hus-\\nbandman cleared and tilled his land\\nunder the protection of a guard,\\nuncertain whether the seed he com-\\nmitted to the ground might not be\\nwatered by his blood, or that of an\\nenemy. Canterbury lies 8 miles\\nN. from Concord. Population,\\n1836, 16G3.\\nThe Hon. Ariel. Foster de-\\nserves a particular notice. He pos-\\nsessed in a great degree the esteem\\nand confidence of the people and\\nsoon after he left the pastoral care\\nof the church, he was called to ar-\\nduous duties as a magistrate and\\nlegislator. In 1783, he was elected\\nto Congress and for three years\\nwas a member of that body under\\ntho old cunfederation. He was suc-\\ncessively returned a member for\\nnearly all the time until 1804;\\nwhen he retired to private life and\\ndomestic traquillity. He was an\\nardent lover of his country, and\\nfaithfully served his constituents\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nby whom his memory will long be\\ncherished. He died in Feb., 1806.\\nCanterbury, from its elevated situa-\\ntion, lias ever been a healthy town.\\nIn the S. E. part of this town,\\non an elevated and beautiful site, is\\nthe village of the Shakers. At\\npresent it consists of more than two\\nhundred members. They have a\\nmeeting-house open at all times of\\npublic worship, where any discreet\\nand decent spectator is allowed to\\nattend. They have a Trustees\\nOffice, where all their public busi-\\nness is transacted, and where stran-\\ngez s are at first received on their vis-\\nits to the society. They have also\\nneat dweliing-houses, of two and\\nthree stoiies, and several work-\\nshops both for men and women.\\nTheir mills and various kinds of\\nmachinery are moved by water on\\nan artificial stream. They manu-\\nfacture many articles for sale,\\nwhich are remarkable for neatness\\nand durability. Their gardens are\\nperhaps the most productive of any\\nin the country and indeed all their\\nimproved lands exhibit the pleasing\\neflects of industry and rural econ-\\nomy. They cultivate garden seeds\\nand take much pains to pro-\\npagate those of the best kind.\\nThey occupy more than 1,500 acres\\nof land, lying principally in a body,\\nwhich they have consecrated to\\nthe Lord, and which they enjoy\\nin common. They cheerfully pay\\ntheir proportion of public taxes,\\nand share all the burthens of gov-\\nernment, except the bearing of\\narms, which they deem to be con-\\ntrary to the gospel and in return\\nthey claim from government only\\nthat protection and support guaran-\\ntied to other citizens. The income\\nof their manufactures, together\\nwith their agricultural products.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "NE\\nW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nyields their temporal support and\\nwhat they become possessed ot\\nmore than is necessary to their\\nwants, they devote to charitable\\npurposes, agreeably to their church\\ncovenant. It should be mentioned\\nas a practice highly creditable\\nto this sect, that the members\\nof their societies never make use\\nof ardent spirits, except in cases of\\nsickness, being aware of the evils\\nintemperance brings upon society.\\nAnother practice not unworthy of\\nimitation i.^, they refuse to be trust-\\ned even in the smallest sum. They\\ntransact their secular concerns with\\ngreat uprightness and though they\\nmay have suffered reproach from\\ntheir singularity of life and man-\\nners,they have become a proverb for\\nindustry, justice and benevolence.\\nFor a particular account of the re-\\nlio-ious tenets of this singular peo-\\npfe, see Religious Creeds and Sta-\\ntistics.\\nCanterbury, Ct.\\nWindham co. The first settlers\\nof this town were principally from\\nDorchester, Mass. and its neighbor-\\nhood. They came here about the\\nyear 1690. The soil of the town is\\na gravelly loam, generally fertile\\nand productive. It lies 40 miles\\nE. by S. from Hartford, and 6 S\\nfrom Brooklyn. Population, 1830,\\n1,SS1. The Quinnebaug is here\\na large and beautiful stream. It\\nannually overflows its banks, and\\nfertilizes a large tract upon its bor-\\nders. There is fine ti shin g in Bates\\npond. Considerable excitement\\nmanifested itself in this town, in\\n1832, in consequence of a Miss\\nCrandall proposing to open a school\\nfor the instruction of Young la-\\ndies and little misses of color.\\nAlthough no one seemed to question\\nthe purity of Miss Crandall s mo-\\ntives, yet the people doubted the\\nexpediency of the measure.\\nCautoii, Me.\\nOxford CO. Incorporated, 1821.\\nPopulation, 1837, 827. It lies on\\nboth sides of the Androscoggin riv-\\ner, 32 miles W. N. W. from Au-\\ngusta, and 24 N. E. from Paris.\\nCanton produced, in 1837, 3,114\\nbushels of wheat.\\nCanton, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Neponset river and\\nseveral large ponds give this town\\na great water power. It lies 15\\nmiles S. W. from Boston, and -5 S.\\nby E. from Dedham. Incorporated,\\n1797. Population, 1830, 1,517;\\n1837, 2,185. The manufactures of\\nCanton the year ending 1st of\\nApril, 1837, amounted to $695,-\\n180. They consisted of cotton and\\nwoolen goods, shoes, palm-leaf hats,\\ncopper, wicking, thread, candle-\\nsticks, hoes, iron castings, trying\\nsquares, and shapes. The bells\\nmanufactured at this place are of\\nsuperior metal and sound. This\\nplace is easily approached from the\\ncapital by the Boston and Provi-\\ndence rail-road. The viaduct, or*.\\nbridge, on that road at this place,\\ncost the company about $80,000.\\nIt is of massive hewn granite, 600\\nfeet in length 63 feet above the\\nfoundation, on 6 arches, with a suc-\\ncession of arches at top. It is an\\nadmirable piece of workmanship.\\nCanton, Ct.\\nHartford co. First settled, 1740.\\nIncorporated, 1806. Population,\\n1830, 1,437. CoUinsville is the\\nprincipal village in the town, at\\nwhich a large amount of axes, of a\\nsuperior quality, are annually made.\\nIt lies 16 miles N. W. by W. from\\nHartford, and 16 N. E. from Litch-\\nfield. This village presents a beau-\\ntiful appearance, and is a noble\\nspecimen of individual enterprize.\\nThe soil of Canton is coarse and\\nstony, and the surface hilly. Farm-\\nington river passes through its S.\\nW. corner.\\nCarlisle, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This town lies", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n20 miles N. W. f,om Boston, and 5\\nii\\\\r^ Concord. Incorporated,\\n1805. Population, 1837, 596. It\\nIS bounded S. E. by Concord river.\\n1 his IS a poor town, and its manu-\\nlactures are very triflino-.\\nCarmel, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Population, 1837\\niSon K rJ^ year,\\n1,890 bushels. 71 miles from Au-\\ngusta. See Sowadabscook Stream\\nCarroll, ]V. H.\\ntownship in Coos county, ly-\\ning at the base of the White Moun-\\ntains, on the N. W., having Jeffer-\\nson and Whitelield N., Whitefield\\nand Bethlehem W.,and the un-rant-\\ned lands, and Nash and Sawyer s\\nLocation on the S. It was granted\\nFeb. 8, 1772, to Sir Thomas Went-\\nworth, Bart., Rev. Samuel Lana-don\\nand 81 others. Its surface is un-\\neven and its appearance dreary.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPopulation, in 1S30, 108.\\nCartilage, Me.\\nsome of the best harbors ih the\\nworld. It is said that Casco bay\\ncontains as many islands as there\\nare days in the year however that\\nmay be, we know that they are\\n^evy numerous, some very lar^e\\nfertile, and well cultivated; and\\nthat a survey of them from the hiffh\\ngrounds in Portland, Falmouth,\\n(.umberland, or Yarmouth, afford* a\\ntreat of island and ocean scenery\\not transcendent beauty.\\nFranklin co. Incorporated, 1826\\nPopulation, 1837, 455. 46 miles\\n|rom Augusta, and 73 from Port\\nland. See Barnard, Me.\\nCarver, Mass.\\nPlymouth CO. Setoff from Plv-\\nTn^^^Jo Population, 1837,\\nand 8 S. W. by S. from Plymouth.\\nIhere are a number of pleasant\\nponds in this town. The soil is not\\nvery productive. The manufac\\ntures of Carver consist of iron cast\\nings, boots, shoes, boxes, and wil-\\nWbaske.,; annual amount abou,\\nCasco Bay, Me.\\nThis is one of the finest bays on\\nthe American coast. Its western\\nboundary is Cape Elizabeth; its\\neastern. Cape Small Point. The\\ndistance between those capes is\\nabout 20 miles. Its indentation does\\nnot exceed 15 miles. Within it are\\nCastiiie, Me.\\nHancock co. Castine derived its\\nname Irom a French baron of that\\nname, who resided here upwards of\\ntwenty years after 1667. This\\npeninsula, jutting out into Belfast\\nhay, at the mouth of Penobscot\\nnver, was formerly called Major\\nBiguyduce, pronounced, J^aga-\\nduce The peninsula embraces\\n2,o00 acres of land, and was first\\nsettled by the English, in 1760\\nThe British occupied this place in\\nboth ot the wars with the U. S It\\nwas the shire, or chief town, of the\\ncounty from 1789 to 1838, when\\nthe courts were removed to Ells-\\nworth. Castine possesses an excel-\\nlent maritime position, but its trade\\nIrom the country is limited, being\\ncut off by the more inland towns\\nIts trade, however, is considerable.\\nIhe lumber and coasting trade,\\nwith the fisheries, give active em-\\nployment to its people. 78 miles\\ni^. Irom Augusta, and about 25 S.\\nW. from Ellsworth. Population\\n1830,l,li55; 1837, 1,168.^\\nCastleton, Vt.\\nRutland, CO. This is a flourish-\\ning town, watered by a river of the\\nsame name; 11 miles W. from Rut-\\nland, 72 S. W. from Montpelier.\\nand 14 E. from Whitehall. Popu-\\nlahon, 1830, 1,783. First settled,\\n17/0. The surface of the town is\\nrough and hilly, but there is some\\nrich land. It feeds about 9,000\\nsheep. Mill shrTiH) abound in\\nCastleton, on which are a woolen", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n\u00c2\u00abnd other manufacturing establish-\\nments. Lake Bombazine, 7 miles\\nin len2;th and 2 in breadth, is chief-\\nly in this town. It is stored with\\nfish, and has an island near its cen-\\nti-e of exquisite beauty. The vil-\\nlage of Castleton is elevated, neat-\\nly built, and presents a great vari-\\nety of rich and beautiful scenery.\\nCavendisli, Vt.\\nWindsor co. There are two flour-\\nishing villages in Cavendish, But-\\nton s village and Proctorsville. It\\nis watered by Black river and Twen-\\nty Mile Stream, which afford a good\\nhydrauUc power. Here are in op-\\neration 4 large woolen factories,\\niron works, manufactures of tin,\\nand many other branches of me-\\nchanics. Along the streams the\\nsoil is excellent; the high land is\\ngood, but best adapted to grazing.\\nHere are about 6,000 sheep. The\\nchannel of Black river, at the falls,\\nhas been worn down 100 feet. The\\neffects of the water, at this place,\\nare very curious. Hawk s moun-\\ntain separates this town from Balti-\\nmore. Cavendish, in common with\\nmost of the towns in Vermont, pre-\\nsents a great variety of mountain\\nscenery. It lies 10 miles S. W.\\nfrom Windsor, and 60 S. from Mont-\\npelier. First settled, 1769. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,498.\\nCentre-Harljor, IV. H.,\\nStrafford co., is pleasantly situa-\\nted between Winnepisiogee and\\nSquam lakes distant from Concord,\\n39 miles, Portsmouth 60, Boston\\n104. Measley pond is partly in this\\ntown. Squam lake furnishes fine\\ntrout, and has several islands valu-\\nable for grazing. The soil is very\\ngood, mostly a rich loam. Centre\\nHarbor is a dehghtful resting place,\\nduring the warm season, of tourists,\\nto the White Mountains, and the\\ngreat resort of those, visiting the\\nWinnepisiogee lake and the great\\nnatural curiosities in the adjoining\\ntown of Moultonborough. The\\nfirst settlements were made by Eb-\\nenezer Chamberlain, in 1765, and\\nCol. Joseph Senter, in 1767. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 577.\\nCiiaiiiplain. Ijake.\\nThis delightful expanse of water\\nis the boundary line between New\\nYork and Vermont. Vermont em-\\nbraces about two thirds of its sur-\\nface. New York is on the W. side,\\nand the counties of Frankhn, Chit-\\ntenden, Addison, and a part of Rut-\\nland, in the state of Vermont, lie\\non the E. At the N. it extends a\\nfew miles into Lower Canada, and\\nreceives the waters of Pike river.\\nIt discharges into the St. Lawrence\\nby the Richelieu, Sorcl, or Chambly\\nriver. Among its tributaries from\\nVermont are the Missisque, Lam-\\noille, Onion, Otter, and Pawlet riv-\\ners. From New York it receives\\nthe waters of the Chazy, Saranac,\\nSable, Bouquet, and Wood rivers,\\nand of Lake George. Its length is\\nabout 130 miles its breadth varies\\nfrom 1 to 12 miles average breadth\\nabout 3 miles. It abounds with\\nsalmon, trout, pickerel and other\\nfish. It is navigable for vessels\\nof 90 tons burthen, and splen-\\ndid steamboats are continually ply-\\ning, in the season of navigation,\\nfrom Whitehall, along its beautiful\\nshores, to St. John s in Canada.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis lake contains about 60 islands,\\nis remarkable for its splendid scene-\\nry, and renowned in ancient and\\nmodern stories for its scenes of war-\\nlike achievements. Lake Cham-\\nplain is a great resort, both for bu-\\nsiness and pleasure.\\nIn the Register, under Burling-\\nton, may be found some notes for\\ntravellers.\\nCliaplin, Ct.\\nWindham co. Taken from Mans-\\nfield, Hampton and Windham, in\\n1832. It is watered by Natchaug\\nriver, which passes nearly through\\nits centre. The town is small, but\\nthe soil is good, and populated by", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nindustrious farmers, who, by their\\npractice of keeping a large number\\nof sheep, seem to be convinced of\\nthe fact that wool is one of the most\\nimportant staples of New England.\\nIt lies 10 miles W. by N. from\\nBrooklyn, and 30 E. by N. from\\nHartford.\\nCliai lemosit, Mass.\\nFranklin co. Deerfield river me-\\nanders through this town, and 2;ives\\n!t a good water power. Garrisons\\nwere erected here in 1754, against\\nthe savage French and Indians.\\nTheir remains are now visible. In-\\ncorporated, 1765. Population, 1837,\\n994. It lies 110 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Boston, and 14 W. by N. from\\nGreenfield. Although this is a\\nmountainous township, it contains\\nmuch valuable land. It maintains\\nabout 5,000 merino and other sheep.\\nIts manufactures consist of boots,\\nshoes, leather, iron castings, axes,\\nhoes, palm-leaf hats, saddlery,\\nscythe snaiths, and lather boxes.\\nCliarles Rivers.\\nCharles river, in Massachusetts,\\nis the Quinobequin of the Indians.\\nThis river rises on the borders of\\nHopkinton and Milford, and after\\nmeandering through Bellingham,\\nFranklin, Medway, Medfield, Sher-\\nburne, Dover, Dedham, Need-\\nham, Natick, Newton, Waltham\\nand Watcrtown, it meets the tide\\nwaters, and forms a part of Boston\\nharbor. It is navigable to Water-\\ntown, 7 miles W. from Boston.\\nCharles river, in R. I., has its\\nsource in Warden s pond, in South\\nKingston, and empties into the\\nPawcatuck, at Westerly.\\nCliarlcston, Me.\\nPenobscot co. At the source of\\nPushawlake. Bounded W. by Gar-\\nland. It lies 25 miles S. W. from\\nBelfast, and 73 N. W. from Augus-\\nta. This township is fine wheat\\nland it yielded, in 1S37, 7,606\\nbushels. Incorporated, 18.11. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,140.\\nCliia-rlestoii, Vt.\\nOrleans co. Echo pond, the out-\\nlet of lake Seymour, waters this\\ntown. Lake Seymour is a large\\nslieet of water, and passes N. into\\nlake Memphremagog. Charleston\\nlies about 35 miles N.E. from Hyde-\\npark, 55 N. N. E. from Montpelier,\\nand 15 S. of Canada line. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 564.\\nCliarlesto-vyja, N. H.,\\nSullivan co., is situated on Con-\\nnecticut river, 51 miles from Con-\\ncord, 100 from Boston, 100 from\\nAlbany, 110 from Hartford, Conn.,\\nand 13 miles from Windsor, Vt.\\nThe only rivers in Charlestown\\nare the Connecticut and Little Su-\\ngar rivers. In the former, there\\nare three islands within the limits\\nof this town, the largest of which\\ncontains about ten acres, and is call-\\ned Sartwell s island. The others\\ncontain about six acres each, and\\nhave a rich loamy soil. Sartwell s\\nisland is under a high cultivation\\nThere are no falls in this river with-\\nin the limits of Charlestown which\\ninterrupt the boat navigation, al-\\nthough some little inconvenience\\nis experienced in low water from\\nwhat are called Sugar river bars.\\nLittle Sugar river waters the north\\npart of Charlestown, and empties\\ninto Connecticut river about two\\nmiles south of the S. line of Clare-\\nmont. This town has but few fac-\\ntory or mill privileges. The soil\\nis extremely various. West of\\nthe great road leading from Wal-\\npole to Claremont, are not less than\\n1,500 acres of fine intervale land,\\ngenerally of a deep, rich and loamy\\nsoil, and favorable for the culture\\nand growth of most of the various\\nkinds of grass and grain. In the\\nE. and N. E. parts of the town, the\\nsoil of the upland is good the nat-\\nural growth of wood, consisting", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nprincipally of beech, birch, oak,\\nmaple and hemlock. There is a\\nridge of hard, broken, and in some\\nparts stony, land, east of the river\\nroad, extending almost the whole\\nlength of the town, and which is\\nconsidered unfit for settlements.\\nThe south part of the town appears\\nto have a diiferentsoil, and is favor-\\nable for yielding the lighter grains.\\nCharlestown contains two parishes,\\nwhich are divided by a line run-\\nning from Cheshire bridge S. 87=\\nE., to the corner of Ac worth and\\nUnity. In the south parish, there\\nis a handsome village, delightfully\\nsituated, at the distance of about\\nhalf a mile from Connecticut river,\\nand parallel with it. In the north\\nparish is a meeting-house and a\\nsmall village. Cheshire bridge,\\nabout 2 miles N. of the S. meeting-\\nhouse, connects this town with\\nSpringfield, Vt. From this bridge\\nCheshire turnpike leads southerly\\nthrough the principal village, to\\nKeene. Charlestown was granted\\nby Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 17.35,\\nby the name of J\\\\ iunber 4, which\\nis sometimes applied to it at the\\npresent day.\\nOn the 2d July, 1753, No. 4 was\\nincorporated by the name of Charles-\\ntown. The charter was granted by\\nGov. Benning Vv entworth to Jo-\\nseph Wells, Phinehas Stevens and\\nothers, v/ho were purchasers under\\nthe old grantees. In 1754,the French\\nwar commenced and the inhabit-\\nants were obhged to take up their\\nresidence in the fort. The first set-\\ntlers of Charlestown, like the first\\ninhabitants of almost every frontier\\ntown in New England, were, prior\\nto 1760, the victims of savage cru-\\nelty. For twenty years after the\\nfirst settlement, their neighbors on\\nthe N. were the French in Canada,\\non tlie W. the Dutch, near the\\nHudson, on the E. the settlements\\non Merrimack river, and on the S.\\nfev/ were found until arrived at\\nNorlhfield, in Massachusetts, a dis-\\ntance cS more than 40 miles. The\\nIndians were at peace but a small\\nportion of that time. From their\\ninfancy, the settlers had been la-\\nmiliar with danger, and had acquir-\\ned a hardihood unknown to poster-\\nity. When they attended pubUc\\nworship, or cultivated their lands,\\nthey sallied from the fort prepared\\nfor battle, and worshipped or labor-\\ned under the protection of a senti-\\nnel. In their warfare, the Indians\\npreferred prisoners to scalps, and\\nfew were killed but those who at-\\ntempted to escape, or appeared too\\nformidable to be encountered with\\nsuccess. The first child born in\\nCharlestown was Ehzabeth, the\\ndaughter of Isaac Parker. She was\\nborn 1744, and died in 1806.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCharlestown has been favored with\\na number of eminent men, only\\none of which we have room to men-\\ntion. Capt. Phinehas Stevens\\nwas one of the first settlers. The\\ntown when in its infancy was pro-\\ntected by his intrepidity. He was\\na native of Sudbury, Mass., from\\nwhence his father removed to Rut-\\nland. At the age of 16, while his\\nfather was making hay, he, with\\nthree little brothers, followed him\\nto the meadows. They were am-\\nbushed bv the Indians, who killed\\ntvv^o of his brothers, took him pris-\\noner, and were preparing to kill his\\nyounaest brother, a child four years\\nold. He, by signs to the Indians,\\nmade them understand if they\\nwould spare him, he would carry\\nhim on his back\u00e2\u0080\u0094 and he carried\\nhim to Canada. They v/ere redeem-\\ned and both returned. He receiv-\\ned several commissions from Gov.\\nShirley, and rendered important\\nservices in protecting the frontiers.\\nIn 1747, when Charlestown was\\nabandoned by the inhabitants, he\\nwas ordered to occupy the fort with\\nSO men. On the 4th of April, he\\nwas attacked by 400 French and In-\\ndians, under Mens. Debeline. The\\nassault lasted three days. Indian\\nstratagem and French skill, with\\nfire applied to every combustible", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nabout the fort, had not the desired\\nelTect. The heroic band were not\\nappaJled. They refused to capitu-\\nlate. At length an interview be-\\ntween the commanders took place.\\nThe Frenchman shewed his forces,\\nand described the horrid massacre\\nthat must ensue unless the fort was\\nsurrendered. My men are not\\nafraid to die, w^as the answer made\\nby Capt. Stevens. The attack con-\\ntinued with Increased fury until\\ntlie end of the third day, when the\\nenemy returned to Canada, and left\\nCapt. Stevens in possession of the\\nfort. Capt. Stevens, for his gallant-\\nry on this occ-asion, was presented\\nby Sir Charles Knowles with an el-\\negant sword; and from this circum-\\nstance the township, when it was\\nincorporated, in 1753, took the name\\nof Charlestown. Population, in\\n1830, 1,778.\\nCliarlestown, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The Indian name\\nof this town v/as Mishaimm. First\\nsettled, 1628. Incorporated, 1629.\\nPopulation, 1820, 6,591 1830,\\n8,787; 1837,10,101. Charlestown\\nis a peninsula, formed by Charles\\nand Mystic rivers, and is united\\nto Boston by Charles and Warren\\nbridges. It is also united to Boston\\nas a port of entry, and in its various\\ncommercial and manufacturing pur-\\nsuits. This town is noted for its\\nsacrifices in the cause of liberty\\nand its soil will ever be dear to the\\npatriot s bosom. The town is not\\nso regularly laid out as Philadel-\\nphia, yet it is neatly built, and con-\\ntains many elegant public and pri-\\nvate edifices. The streets are wide\\nand airy, and many of them have\\nrecently been planted with trees\\nfor shade. Considerable shipping\\nis owned here, engaged in foreign\\nand domestic commerce. The an-\\nnual value of the cod and mackerel\\nfisheries is about $40,000. The\\nvalue of the manufactures, in\\nCharlestown, the year en-Ung April\\n1, 1837, exclusive of a large amount\\nof leather, was $390,000. The ar\\ntides manufactui-ed were as fol-\\nlows: soap, candles, boots, shoes,\\nhats, morocco, chairs, cabinet ware,\\nvessels, combs, tin ware, and spirits.\\nThe United States JVavy Yard\\nwas first established in this town\\nabout the year 1798. The yard is\\nsituated on the N. side of Charles\\nriver, on a plot of ground of about\\n60 acres. It is enclosed by a high\\nwall of durable masonry, and con-\\ntains several ware-houses, dwell-\\ning-houses for the officers, and a\\nlarge amount of naval stores, live\\noak and other timber. It also con-\\ntains three large ship-houses, in\\nwhich are the Vermont and Caro-\\nlina of 74, and the Cumberland\\nfrigate of 44 guns. These ships\\ncan be launched and ready for sea\\nin a very short time.\\nThe dry dock at this place is of\\nhewn granite, and of unrivalled\\nmasonry. It is 341 feet in length,\\nSO in width, and SO in depth.* It\\ncost $670,089. This dock was com-\\npleted and received the Constitu-\\ntion on the 24th of June, 1833.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nConnected with this establishment\\nare a naval hospital and magazine,\\nat Chelsea, and a large ropewalk in\\nthe yard other additions are con-\\ntemplated. This is considered one\\nof the best naval depots in the Uni-\\nted States.\\nMcLean Asylmn. This estab-\\nlishment is located on a beautiful\\nrise of ground, in Charlestown, near\\nEast Cambridge, and about a mile\\nand a half from the City Flail, in\\nBoston. The buildings are large,\\nand exceedingly well adapted to\\ntheir philanthropic design. They\\ncost about $186,000. This House\\nwas opened for patients on the 6th\\nof October, 1818.\\nBelonging to, and surrounding\\ntins Asylum, are about 15 acres of\\nlaud, appropriated to courts and gar-\\ndens. These are laid out wilh grav-\\nelled walks. The former are furnish-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ned with summer houses, and the\\nlatter are ornamented with groves\\nof fruit and ornamental trees, shrub-\\nbery and tlowers. Surrounding the\\nlower garden and within the enclo-\\nsure, is a carriage path, where pa-\\ntients are taken to ride. In the\\ncentre is a small fresh water pond,\\ncontaining several hundred gold and\\nsilver tish, and immediately contig-\\nuous is a summer house, where the\\npatients at times resort for games\\nand amusements.\\nThe system of moral treatment\\nadopted and pursued, is founded up-\\non principles of elevated benevo-\\nlence and philanthropy, and an ac-\\nquaintance with hunian nature and\\nthe capabilities and wants of the\\ninsane: The previous tastes, hab-\\nits and pursuits, and the present in-\\nclinations and feelings of each in-\\ndividual, are habitually consulted.\\nA library for the use of the patients\\nhas been purchased, and those of\\nthem who are disposed to read, are\\npermitted at stated periods to send\\nin their names and the number of\\nthe book desired the list is exam-\\nined and approved by the physician,\\nand the books are distributed by the\\nlibrarian. In the same way, writ-\\ning materials are distributed, and\\npatients are engaged in keeping\\njournals writing sketches of their\\nlives poetry addressing letters to\\ntheir friends, drawing, c. Some\\nengage in games, as bowling\\nthrowing the ring battledore gra-\\nces ^jumping the rope chess\\ndraughts back gammon, c., or\\nare occupied in walking and riding\\ninto the country, or in making lish-\\ning excursions in the company of\\ntheir attendants while others are\\nworking on the farm and in the\\ngarden. The female patients, be-\\nsides being employed in various\\nkinds of needle and ornamental\\nwork, are engaged in various do-\\nmestic labors. The quiet and con-\\nvalescent patients regularly attend\\nthe religious exercises of the fam-\\nily, and a portion of them join in\\nthe vocal and instrumental music\\nof the occasion a part of this num-\\nber also attend church on the Sab-\\nbath, in company with the nurses\\nand attendants, and dine with the\\nfamily. A regulated intercourse\\nwith the family and society is re-\\ngarded as an important auxiliary in\\nthe means of cure, and on suitable\\noccasions they are invited into the\\nhouse, where parties are made for\\ntheir special amusement and bene-\\nfit.\\nJohn McLlean, Esq., late of\\nBoston, an eminent merchant, be-\\nqueathed a large amount of prop-\\nerty to this institution hence its\\nname.\\nBunker Hill Monument. On the\\n17th of June, 1825, the corner stone\\nof an Obelisk was laid on the heights\\nin this town, by the illustrious La\\nFayette, to commemorate the battle\\nbetween the Americans and Brit-\\nish on the 17th of June, 1775. In\\nthat battle, 449 Americans and\\n1,055 Britons were slain. Charles-\\ntown was bui-nt by the British the\\nsame day. The site of the Monu-\\nment is 62 feet above t4ie level of\\nthe sea. It is of hewn granite,\\nand, when completed, will be 30\\nfeet square at the base, 15 feet\\nsquare at the top, and 220 feet in\\nheight. It is now raised about 60\\nfeet, and will probably be complet-\\ned in one or two years. The cost\\nof it will be about $100,000.\\nThe State Prison. This institu-\\ntion was founded in 1800, and soon\\nafter located on a point of land in\\nthis town, near East Cambridge,\\nand which is connected with Canal\\nbridge by a lateral bridge of 1,820\\nfeet in length. After having strug-\\ngled with manj and great difficul-\\nties attendant on the establishment\\nof an institution so entirely new,\\nthe state, by the agency of suitable\\nmen, have so placed it as to effect\\nall the objects proposed, without\\nany expense to the commonwealth.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCliarlestown, R. i.\\nWashington co. Charlestown lies\\non the sea, opposite to Block Ishind.\\nIt has five large ponds, which cov-\\ner an area of 7 square miles.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nCharlestown and Conaquetogue\\nponds are salt water, and Posquis-\\nsett,Watchaug and Cochumpaug are\\nfresh water. These waters afford a\\ngreat variety of fish. Near the\\nsea, the land is arable, but the inte-\\nrior of the town is more fit for the\\ngrowth of wood. This town con-\\ntains the graves of the remnant of\\nthe tribe of the once powerful and\\ndreaded Naraganset Indians. They\\npossessed a considerable tract of\\nland in this town, but owing to\\na dislike to agricultural pursuits,\\nand by intermarriages with the\\nwhites and negroes, their race as a\\ndistinct people has long since be-\\ncome extinct. Charles river pas-\\nsea through the town, and gives it\\nmill privileges. Charlestown lies\\nabout 8 miles W. S. W. from South\\nKingston, and 40 S. W. from Provi-\\ndence. Population, 1830, 1,284.\\nCliarlotte, Me.\\nWashington co. Incorporated,\\n1825. Population, 1837,612. About\\n25 miles N. W. from Machias, and\\n184 E. by N. from Augusta. Char-\\nlotte contains a pond, the waters\\nof which pass through Dennysville\\nand empty in Cobscook bay.\\nCliarlotte, Vt.\\nThis is a pleasant town, in Chit-\\ntenden county, on lake Cham-\\nplain, and opposite to Essex, N.\\nY. In Essex, about 3 miles across\\nthe lake, is Split Hock, a great nat-\\nural curiosity. Charlotte lies 49\\nmiles W. of Montpelier, 11 S. of\\nBurlington and 21 N. W. of Mid-\\ndlebury. A part of this town grad-\\nually slopes toward the lake, and\\nis very productive. Its trade is\\nchiefly with Canada. From the\\nprincipal village, The Four Cor-\\nners, the lake, and the mountains\\nthat skirt its borders, present a very\\nromantic appearance. Population,\\nin 1830, 1,702.\\nCliarltott, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Charlton was set\\noff from Oxford, 1754. It lies 53\\nmiles S. W. from Boston, and 12\\nW. N. W. from Worcester. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,469. There is a\\ncotton mill in this town, and some\\nmanufactures of leather and shoes.\\nCliatliam, N. H.,\\nStrafford co., is situated on the\\nE. side of the White Mountains,\\nand adjoining the line which divides\\nthis state from Maine. It has Con-\\nway on the S., Bartlett and Jackson\\non the W., Mount Royse on the\\nN. Chatham was granted to Peter\\nLivius and others, Feb. 7, 1767.\\nThere are several ponds in Chat-\\nham, and some considerable streams.\\nThe surface is mountainous and\\nrocky, and can never sustain a\\ngreat population. Betv/een Chat-\\nham and Jackson, Carter s moun-\\ntain rises so high as to prevent the\\nopening a road between the two\\ntowns so that in holding an inter-\\ncourse with the rest of the county,\\nthe inhabitants are obliged to pass\\nthrough part of the state of Maine.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 419.\\nCliatJiam, Mass.,\\nBarnstable co., lies on the el-\\nbow of Cape Cod, south side. Pleas-\\nant bay, inside of Chatham beach,\\nforms a good harbor. Chatham is\\n20 miles E. from Barnstable, and\\n32 S. S. E. from Pit)vincetown.\\nIncorporated, 1712. Population,\\n1837, 2,271. The value of the cod\\nand mackerel fisheries, for the year\\nending April 1, 1837, was 56,-\\n100; value of salt made, $8,220;\\nvalue of boots and shoes made\\n$1,500. There are, belonging to\\nthis place, about 20 sail of fisher-\\nmen and 30 coasters.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCliatliani, Ct.\\nMiddlesex co. The township of\\nChatham embraces Chatham par-\\nish, (formerly East Middletown,)\\nthe greater part of Middle Haddam\\nparish, the parish of East Hampton\\nand a part af the parish of West\\nChester. It lies 16 miles S. from\\nHartford, and opposite to Middle-\\ntown, from which it was taken in\\n1767. Population, 1830, 3,646.\\nChatham is watered by Salmon and\\nPine brooks and several ponds.\\nJob s pond, about 2 miles in cir-\\ncumference, has no outlet. It rises\\nand falls about 15 feet. It rises for\\nsix or twelve months, and then falls\\nabout the same period. It is high- j\\nest in the driest season of the year,\\nand lowest when there is most rain.\\nIt is from 40 to 60 feet deep. Chat-\\nham is noted for its valuable quar-\\nries of freestone. For forty years\\npast it has been extensively improv-\\ned, and the stone, to the depth of\\nthirty feet from the surface, are now\\nremoved over an area of an acre\\nand a half, back from the river.\\nThe stone in this quarry is covered\\nin some places with four or five\\nfeet of earth, and in others with\\nfour or five feet more of shelly rock.\\nIt is not perfectly solid, but lies in\\nblocks, eight or ten feet thick, and\\nfifty and sixty feet long. The seams\\nand joints facilitate the process of\\nremoving these from their beds;\\nand when removed, they are reduc-\\ned by the wedge and chisel to any\\nsize or form which is wished. In\\nthis quarry thirty hands have been\\nemployed for several years, eight\\nmonths in the year, and from four\\nto six teams. The quantity of stone\\nprepared for market, and sold to the\\ninhabitants of this and the neigh-\\nboring towns, and exported to dis-\\ntant parts of the country, has been\\nvery great; and has yielded a hand-\\nsome profit. Fifty rods south of\\nthis quarry an opening was made\\nabout 1783, now spreading over\\nhalf an acre. Here the stone is\\ncovered with about ten feet of\\nearth. In this opening as many as\\ntwelve hands have been sometimes\\nemployed. Vessels come to this\\nand the above quarry, and load from\\nthe bank. The bed of stone in\\nwhich these and the smaller open-\\nings in the neighborhood have been\\nmade is immense, and lies at differ-\\nent depths from the surface in dif-\\nferent places. It has been discov-\\nered in sinking wells, for half a\\nmile in northern and southern di-\\nrections, and has been opened at a\\ngreater distance eastward. Where-\\never found, the stone possesses the\\nsame general properties, but varies,\\nlike the freestone in Middletown,\\nin the fineness of its texture.\\nClielmsford) Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. On the south side\\nof Merrimack river, and connect-\\ned with Dracut by a bridge.\\nFirst settled, 1753. Incorporated,\\n1655. Population, 1837, 1,613. It\\nlies 25 miles N. W. from Boston,\\nand 4 S. W. from Lowell. Chelms-\\nford abounds in limestone and gran-\\nite considerable of the latter is\\ntransported to Boston by the Mid-\\ndlesex canal, which passes through\\nthe town. The manufactures of\\nthis town, during the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, amounted to about\\n$100,000 principally of glass and\\niron-\\nChelsea, Vt.\\nCounty town of Orange county.\\nFirst settled, 1785. Chelsea is a\\ntownship of good land, with a pleas-\\nant village in the centre. It is wa-\\ntered by the head branches of White\\nriver and has a good hydraulic pow-\\ner. Its manufactures consist of\\ncassimere, satinet, leather, iron, c.\\nChelsea produces all the various\\ncommodities common to the climate,\\nand feeds about 6,000 sheep. It lies\\n20 miles S. by E. from Montpelier.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,958.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nChelsea, Mass.\\nSuffolk CO. This town was for-\\nmerly a ward of Boston. Incor-\\nporated, 173S. Population, 1837,\\n1,659. The centre of the town lies\\nfrom Boston about 3 miles N. E.,\\nacross Charles river, and 3 miles\\nE. of Charlestown. The manufac-\\ntures of Chelsea consist of uphol-\\nstery, stone ware, snuff, segars,\\nwood and copper engravings, car-\\nriages, bricks, vessels, salt, boots,\\nshoes, c. annual value, about\\n$90,000.\\nThe United States Marine Hos-\\npital in this town, is on a large plot\\nof ground, in a delightful and airy\\nsituation, and affords a comfortable\\nretreat for sick and disabled seamen.\\nPoint Shirley, extending southeast-\\nerly, forms the northern part of Bos-\\nton harbor. Winnesimet Ferry, lead-\\ning from the foot of Hanover street,\\nin Boiton, to this town, is probably\\nthe oldest establishment of the kind\\nin America. The first grant was\\ngiven to Thomas Williams, in 1631.\\nThe distance across Charles river is\\nabout a mile and a half. Neat and\\ncommodious steam-boats are con-\\ntinually running across this delight-\\nful stream, making the Winnesi-\\nmet of the Indians the Hoboken of\\nBoston.\\nClierryfield, Me.\\nWashington co. At the head of\\ntide water, on both sides of Narra-\\nguagus river, with a handsome vil-\\nlage, and considerable trade. Incor-\\nporated, 1815. Population, 1837,\\n1,000. 116 miles E. by N. from\\nAugusta, and about 35 W. from\\nMachias.\\nClieslxire County, N. H.\\nCheshire is one of the western\\ncounties in this state. Its length\\nis 31 miles its greatest breadth 26\\nmiles and its least breadth 15. It\\nis bounded N. by the county of\\nSullivan, E. by Hillsborough coun-\\nty, S. by the state of Massachu-\\nsetts, and W. by Vermont. This\\ncounty contains 727 square miles.\\nThroughout the whole extent on\\nthe west, it is watered by the Con-\\nnecticut, the western bank of which\\nforms the boundary line between\\nNew Hampshire and Vermont.\\nAshuelot river is a considerable\\nstream, and is tributary to Connec-\\nticut river. It has its source from\\na pond in Washington, and after re-\\nceiving two branches in Keene and\\nSwanzey, and several smaller\\nstreams in Winchester, empties\\niu o Connecticut river at Hinsdale.\\nSpafford s Lake, a beautiful collec-\\ntion of water, of about 8 mile? in\\ncircumference, is situated in Ches-\\nterfield. There is a pleasant island\\nin the lake, containing about eio-ht\\nacres. The Grand Monadnock^in\\nDublin and Jafficy, is the highest\\nmountain, its attitude having been\\nrepeatedly found to be more than\\n3,000 feet above the level of the\\nsea. Bellows Falls in Connecti-\\ncut river, at Walpole, have been\\nregarded as one of the greatest nat-\\nural curiosities in this county.\\nThe earliest settlement in this\\ncounty was made about the year\\n1732, at Hinsdale, then a part of\\nNorthfield, and under the govern-\\nment of Massachusetts. The coun-\\nty was formed March 19, 1771, and\\nit probably received its name from\\nCheshire, one of the western coun-\\nties in England. The population\\nof Cheshire county in 1790, was\\n19,665, in 1800, 24,288, in 1810,\\n24,673, in 1820, 26,843, in 1830,\\n27,016. It has 22 towns 39 in-\\nhabitants to a square mile. Keene,\\nthe chief town, is nearly in the\\ncentre of the county, and lies in\\nN. lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 57\\nCliesliire, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. Cheshire has ren-\\ndered itself worthy of its name by\\nits production of cheese of fine fla-\\nvor and quality. In 1801, the good\\npeople of this place sent a cheese\\nto Mr. Jefferson, weighing about", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n1200 pounds. The value of wool,\\nthe growth of 1836, sold for $5,522.\\nThe Hoosack river passes through\\nthe town. Although a mountain-\\nous township, the soil has been\\nrendered productive by the industry\\nof the people. It has some manu-\\nfactures of leather and shoes. 125\\nmiles W. N. W. from Boston, and\\n16 N. by E. from Lenox. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 924. Incorporated, 1793.\\nCliesliLre Ct.\\nNew Haven co. Taken from\\nWallingford in 1780. It lies 14\\nmiles N. from New Haven, and 25\\nS. E. from Hartford. Population,\\n1880, 1,780. The Quinnipiac river\\nand Farmington canal pass through\\nthe town. Cheshire has an un-\\neven, but good soil, with a very\\npleasant village, and an Episcopal\\nacademy, 54 by 34 feet; a brick\\nbuilding of considerable taste. Ag-\\nriculture is the chief occupation of\\nthe inhabitants.\\nCbester, Me.\\nPenobscot CO, Incorporated, 1834.\\nPopulation, 1837, 323. See Bar-\\nnard, Me.\\nChester, X. H.,\\nRockingham co., is 17 miles W. S.\\nW. from Exeter, 30 W. S. W. from\\nPortsmouth, 17 N. W. from Haver-\\nhill, and 23 S. E. from Concord.\\nA branch of Exeter river, called\\nThe Branch, flows through the\\nN. E. part of Chester, beside which\\nthere is no stream deserving men-\\ntion. Massabesick pond is the larg-\\nest body of fresh water in the coun-\\nty, and contains about 1,500 acres.\\nThe line between this town and\\nManchester passes more than 2\\nmiles through the westerly part of\\nthis pond. The Indians had a set-\\ntlement of 10 or 12 wigwams on an\\nisland in this pond, vestiges of\\nwhich, it is said, may still be seen,\\nA considerable portion of the town\\npossesses a good soil, and many of\\nthe large swells yield in fertility to\\n8*\\nnone in the state. There are sever-\\nal large and valuable meadows. In\\nthis town are two caves, sometimes\\nvisited by strangers. That which\\nwas earliest noticed, is situated in\\nMine hill, near the east side of\\nMassabesick pond. The entrance\\nis about 5 feet high and 2 1-2 wide.\\nThe cavern extends into the hill, in\\na northern direction, about 80 feet,\\nof sufficient dimensions to admit a\\nperson to pass. Its form is very ir-\\nregular, and its height and breadth\\nvarious, from 2 to 12 feet. The oth-\\ner is in the westerly side of Rattle-\\nsnake hill, in the S. W. part of the\\ntown, in a ledge of coarse granite,\\nnearly 40 feet high. It has two\\nentrances. The north entrance is\\nabout 11 feet high and 4 broad.\\nNative sulphur is found in this town\\nin small quantities, imbedded in\\ntremolite. Granite and gneiss are\\nthe prevailing rocks, and handsome\\nspecimens of graphic granite are\\nsometimes found. The village in\\nthis town is pleasant, and stands\\nchiefly on a long street. It is the\\nprincipal place of business in this\\npart of the county, and is situated\\non an elevated rise, commanding\\none of the most extensive prospects\\nin New England. From this hill,\\nthe ocean, though more than 20\\nmiles distant, may, in a clear day,\\nbe distinctly seen. Population,\\n1830,2,039. Incorporated, 1722.\\nCliester, Vt.\\nWindsor co. First settled, 1764.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,320. Three\\nconsiderable streams form William s\\nriver and give Chester a good water\\npower. The land is uneven, but\\nfertile and productive. This is a\\nvery pleasant town, with two hand-\\nsome villages, manufactures of va-\\nrious kinds, and about 10,000 sheep.\\nThis is a great thoroughfare for trav-\\nellers from the eastern part of New\\nEngland to the Hudson river, near\\nTroy, N. Y. The passage over the\\nGreen JNIountains, from Chester to\\nManchester, is considered the best", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nin tliis part of the state. Chester\\nlies 16 miles S. S. W. from Wind-\\nsor, 79 S. from Montpelier, and\\nabout 30 E. N. E. from Manchester.\\nChester, Mass.\\nHampden co. Thi^s is a moun-\\ntainous township, but good for graz-\\ning. In 1837, it had 3,720 sheep\\ntheir wool weighed 10,325 pounds,\\nand sold for $5,818. There are\\n2 cotton mills in Chester, 3 tanne-\\nries, and a window blind foctory.\\nTotal amount of manufactures, in\\none year, $47,975. Branches of\\nWestfield river pass through the\\ntov/n. Incorporated, 1765, Popu-\\nlation, 1S37, 1,290. 115 miles W.\\nby S. from Boston, and 20 N. W.\\nfrom Springfield.\\nChesterfield, N. H.,\\nCheshire co., is 11 miles S. W.\\nfrom Keene, and 65 S. W. from\\nConcord. Few towns on Connec-\\nticut river have so little intervale\\nland. For the whole six miles that\\nit lies upon the river, the hills ap-\\nproach near the river s side. There\\nis much good upland, well adapted\\nfor grazing and the production of\\nIndian corn. The chief articles\\ncarried to market are beef, pork,\\nbutter and cheese. Cat s Bane\\nbrook is a stream of great import-\\nance, as it furnishes many mill seats.\\nSpafFord s lake is a beautiful collec-\\ntion of water, situated about one\\nmile N. from the meeting-house.\\nit contains a surface of about 526\\nacres. It is fed by springs in its\\nbosom. Its waters are remarkably\\nclear and pure, its bed being a white\\nsand. In this lake there is an isl-\\nand of about six acres, which forms\\na delightful retreat. On its E. side\\nissues a stream called Partridge s\\nbrook, sutTiciently large to cai-ry\\nthe machinery of a cotton factory,\\nsaw-mills, c. West river moun-\\ntain lies in this town and Hinsdale.\\nIt is supposed to have been once\\nsubject to a volcanic eruption, and\\nthere is at present a considerable\\nquantity of lava near its crater. It\\nis said by those who live near the\\nmountain, that it frequently trem-\\nbles, and a rumbling noise is heard\\nin its bowels. Chesterfield has 3\\nvillages. The principal one, lead-\\ning from Hartford to Hanover, is sit-\\nuated near the centre of the town,\\nand 3 miles E. from Connecticut riv-\\ner. Here are several dwelling-\\nhouses, the meeting-house and a\\nflourishing academy, which was\\nopened Aug. 14, 1794. The first\\nsettlement was made Nov. 25, 1761,\\non the banks of the Connecticut, by\\nMoses Smith and William Thomas,\\nwith their families. At that peri-\\nod, the river afforded abundance of\\nshad and salmon, and the forests\\nwere well stocked with deer, bears\\nand other game, so that the inhab-\\nitants did not experience those pri-\\nvations so common in new settle-\\nments. Population, 1830, 2,040.\\nChesterfield, Mass.\\nHampshire co. A township of\\nrough, elevated land, 97 miles W.\\nfrom Boston, and 11 V/. N. W. from\\nNorthampton watered by a branch\\nof Westfield river. It has a good\\nVv^ater power, 1 woolen mill, 2 tan-\\nneries, some curious minerals, and\\na water course, worn very deep\\nthrough solid rock. Population,\\n1837, 1,158. There were sheared\\nin Chesterfield, in 1837, 7,100\\nsheep, producing 20,800 pounds of\\nwool, valued at $12,480. A noble\\nexample.\\nChesterville, Me.\\nFranklin co. W^ilson s stream\\npasses through this town, and emp-\\nties below the falls of Sandy river.\\nFirst settled, 1782. Incorporated,\\n1802. Population, 1837, 1,040.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis is an excellent township of\\nland. It yielded, in 1837, 4,046\\nbushels of wheat. It lies about 24\\nmiles N. E. from Augusta, and 12\\nN. E. from Farmins;ton.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCliesuucoolc Lialte, Me.,\\nIn the county of Piscataquis, is\\na lar-e sheet of water through\\nwhich the Penobscot river passes\\nIt also receives the Kahkoguamook\\nand Umbazookskus rivers. Ihis\\nlake is about 25 miles long and S\\nmiles wide. The country around\\nthis fine lake is very fertile, and as\\nwell adapted to the growing of wool\\nand wheat as any portion ot the\\nelobe. Its central point is about\\n130 miles W. N. W. from Augusta.\\nCliicliester, N. H.,\\nMerrimack co., is situated 8 miles\\nE. from Concord. It was granted\\nMay 20, 1727, to Nathaniel Gookin\\nand others but the settlement was\\nnot commenced until 175S, when\\nPaul Morrill settled in the woods.\\nThe soil is ffood, and richly repays\\nthe cultivator. There is little was e\\nland, nor are there any considerable\\nelevations. The east part of the\\ntown is watered by the Suncook\\nriver, which affords its mill seats\\nand some productive intervale.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,081. In vari-\\nous parts of the town are still to be\\nseen traces of Indian settlements\\nand implements of stone, chisels,\\naxes. c., have frequently been\\nfound. The vicinity was once the\\nresidence of a powerful tribe, the\\nPenacooks, and their plantations ot\\ncorn, c., were made on the banks\\nof the Suncook.\\nCliicltopee River, Mass.\\nyard. Gay Head, in this town,\\nis the south point of the island; it\\nis 150 feet above the sea, and is\\ncrowned with one of the five hght-\\nhouses in this county.\\nGay Head is about 60 miles E\\nN E of Montauk, on Long Island,\\nand bears marks of having been\\nsubject to volcanic eruptions. Ihe\\nplace abounds in specimens ot min-\\nerals worthy the notice of geolo-\\ngists. This part of the island is in-\\nhabited by some descendants of the\\nnative Indians, who own part ot the\\nlands. There is some salt manutac-\\ntured at this place, and about 7,000\\nsheep are kept. Chilmark was in-\\ncorporated in 1714. Population,\\n1S37, 700. It lies 92 miles S. b.\\nfrom Boston, 33 W. from Nantucket,\\n23 S E by S. from New Bedford,\\nand 12 S. W. by S. from Edgarton.\\nThis river rises in Spencer, Lei-\\ncester and Paxton, and receives the\\nwaters of Quaboag pond, in Broo*\\nfield It passes through Warren.\\nAt Palmer it receives the waters\\nof Ware and Swift rivers, and en-\\nters the Connecticut at the N. part\\nof Springfield, 7 miles S. from South\\nHadley.\\nCliilmark, Mass.\\nDukes CO. This town lies on the\\nS. and W. part of Martha s Vine-\\nCliina, Me.\\nKennebec co. This is a town-\\nship of excellent land, which pro-\\nduced, in 1837, 12,953 bushes of\\nwheat. China is watered by a la.ie,\\nor Twelve Mile Pond, a fine\\nminiature of the beautiful Skane-\\nateles,in the state of New\\\\or.v.\\n\\\\t the outlet of this pond, into the\\nKennebec, are excellent mill priv-\\nileges. On the bank of the pond\\nis a very flourishing village, a steam\\nsaw-mill, and an academy. A vis-\\nit to this place, Albion, Clinton,\\nDixmont, and the neighboring\\ntowns, where wheat is worth a dol-\\nlar and a half a bushel in the barn,\\nis a good specific against the ivest-\\nern fever. A trip from Boston to\\nChina and back again may be per-\\nformed in the same number of hours\\nthat it takes to go up either ot the\\ncanals 100 miles, towards an un-\\nseen country. China lies 20 miles\\nN E. from Augusta, 48 S. W. from\\nBano-or, and 138 from Boston. Pop-\\nulatfon, 1837, 2,641.\\nChittenden County, Vt.\\nBurlington is the chief town.\\nThis county is bounded N. by", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "NEW ENiJLAND GAZETTEER,\\nFranklin county, E. by Washino--\\nton county, S. by Addison county\\nand W. by Champlain lake. Area\\n500 square miles. Population, 182o\\n16,055; 1830, 21,765. Population\\nto a square mile, about 44. A\\nfew settlements commenced in this\\ncounty before the revolution, but\\nthey were all abandoned durino- the\\nwar. Incorporated, 1782. Its soil\\nvanes from rich alluvial meadows\\nto light and sandy plains. The\\nbeautiful Champlain washino- its\\nwestern boundary gives it great fa-\\ncilities for trade to New York and\\nCanada. Its agricultural and man-\\nufacturing products are consider-\\nable. In IS37 there were in this\\ncounty about 80,000 sheep. La-\\nmoille river passes through its N.W.\\ncorner, and Onion river pierces its\\ncentre. These streams, with sever-\\nal others of smaller size, afford the\\ncounty a good water power.\\nCliittemleii, Vt.\\nRutland co. Most of the lands\\nin this town lie on the Green moun-\\ntains. Some of the branches of\\nWhite river pass through it. Near\\nthe head of the Philadelphia branch,\\nso called, is a mineral spring, said\\nto contain some good qualities.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nManganese oi an excellent quality\\nis found here. In 1837 there were\\nin Chittenden about 700 people, and\\n3,000 sheep. About 12 miles N.\\nby E. from Rutland, and 40 N. by\\nE. from Montpelier.\\nClaremont, N. H.,\\nSullivan co., is 12 miles N. from\\nCharlestown, 8 W. from Newport\\n47 N. N. W. from Concord, and 97\\nW. N. W. from Portsmouth. This\\ntown is watered by Connecticut and\\nSugar rivers, besides numerous\\nbrooks and rivulets. Claremont is\\na fine undulating tract of territory,\\ncovered with a rich gravelly loam,\\nconverted into the best meadows\\nand pastures. The hills are sloping\\nacclivities, crowned with elegant\\nsummits. The intervales on the\\nrivers are rich and luxuriant. The\\nagricultural products are large and\\nvaluable. The houses and build-\\nings present a very favorable ap-\\npearance, and indicate the wealth\\nand prosperity of the town. In this\\ntown are a number of manufacto-\\nries of cloth, paper, leather, c.\\nClaremont was granted in 1764.\\nIn this town are fine beds of iron\\nore and limestone. It received\\nits name from the country seat of\\nLord Clive, an English general.\\nIhe first settlement was made in\\n1762, by Moses Spafford and David\\nLynde. Many eminent men have\\nresided in this town. The Hon. Ca-\\nleb Ellis came to reside in Clare-\\ninont about 1800. In 1804, he was\\nchosen a member of congress from\\nthis state in 1S09 and ISIO, a mem-\\nber of the executive council: in\\n1812, an elector of president and\\nvice-president of the U. S. In 1813,\\nhe was appointed judge of the su-\\nperior court, in which office he re-\\nmained till his death. May 9, 1816,\\naged 49. Population, 1830, 2,526.\\nClarciitlcM, Vt.\\nRutland CO. Otter creek. Mill\\nand Cold rivers and several brooks\\ngive this town good mill privileges.\\nHere are good marble, a mineral\\nspring, and a curious cave. The\\nsoil is a gravelly loam, with con-\\nsiderable alluvial meadow along its\\nstreams. There are some manu-\\nfacturing establishments in Claren-\\nden, and about 13,000 sheep. Pop.\\nulafion, J.S30, 1,585. It lies 55 miles\\nS. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from\\nRutland.\\nClai-ksbiirgli, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. A branch of Hoo-\\nsick river passes through this moun\\ntainous township. It fies 125 miles\\nW. by N. from Boston, and 27 N.\\nby E. from Lenox. Incorpora-\\nted, 1798. Population, 1837, 386.\\nClarksburghhas a small cotton mill,\\n5 saw mills, and 255 sheep.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nClarksville, N. H.\\nThis town was incorporated in\\n1S32. It liad before that lime borne\\nthe name of tlie First College\\nGrant. It was granted to the trus-\\ntees of Dartmouth Coileoe, Feb. 5,\\n17S9. It contains 40,li60 acres, and\\nis situated on Connecticut river, in\\nCoos county, N. of Stewartstown.\\nIts population, in 1830, was 88.\\nClintou, Me.\\nKennebec co. This iine town-\\nship is hounded on the E. by Ken-\\nnebec river. The Seba-iicook pass-\\nes through the town, and, at the\\nfalls on that river, ahords it a great\\nhydraulic power. It has a neat and\\npleasant village on the bank of the\\nSebasticook, fome manufactures,\\nand large agricultural products. In\\n1837 this town produced a consid-\\nerable quantity of wool, and 10,807\\nbushels of wheat. Incorporated,\\n1795. Population, 1837, 2,642.\\nClinton lies 24 miles N. by E. from\\nAugusta, and about 12 S. by E.\\nfiom Skowhegan.\\nCobbessecontee Waters, Me.\\nThe pond is a fine sheet of wa-\\nter, lying VV. of Hallowell, and\\nconnected with smaller ponds in\\nMonmouth, Winthrop, Readfield,\\nand Mount Vernon. The outlet\\nof the pond is a river of the same\\nname, which passes into a beauti-\\nful pond we see on the stage road m\\nRichmond, and empties into the\\nKennebec at Gardiner. These wa-\\nters afford a great hydraulic power,\\nan abundance of fish, and much de-\\nlightful scenery.\\nCobscook Bay, Me.\\nA large bay, the recipient of a\\nnumber of large ponds, on the S.\\nW. side of Eastport, in Passama-\\nquoddy bay. See Eastport.\\nCoa, Cape and Eay.\\nHaving brietly described this\\ncape, under Barnstable county, we\\nhave only to add that Cape Cod light\\ni in N. lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 2 22 W. Ion\\n70^ 4 22\\nCape Cod bay is in Massachu-\\nsetts bay, and is formed by the half\\nextended arm of the cape. See\\nBarnstable county.\\nColxasset, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. A town on Massa-\\nchusetts bay, noted for its rocky\\ncoast and numerous shipwrecks. 6\\nmiles E. from Hingham, 20 E. by\\nS. from Dedham, and about 16 S-\\nE. from Boston, by water. Incor-\\nporated, 1770. Population, 1837,\\n1,331. This place has about 40 sail\\nof merchant, coasting and fishing\\nvessels, and a large tide-water pow-\\ner. Cob asset has become a great\\nresort for citizens and strangers, in\\nsummer months, to enjoy the ma-\\nrine scenery, exhilarating air, and\\nall those pleasures for which JVa-\\nhajit is celebrated. The value of\\nthe fisheries, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, was $75,536. The\\nvalue of salt, vessels, boots, shoes,\\nand wooden ware manufactured,\\nwas $35,920.\\nColcliester, Vt.,\\nChittenden CO., is pleasantly sit-\\nuated at the head of a bay on the\\nE. side of lake Champlain, 36 miles\\nN. W. from Montpclier, and 6 N.\\nfrom Burlington. This town is well\\nwatered by Onion river, and some\\nsmaller streams. Colchester has\\nsome good and some poor land, some\\ntrade on the lake, and about 4,000\\nsheep. First settled by Gen. Ira\\nAllen, in 1774. Population, 1830,\\n1,489.\\nColcliester, Ct.\\nNew London co. This is a plea-\\nsant town the site of Bacon acad-\\nemy. It lies 20 miles N. W. from\\nNew London, and 23 S. E. from\\nHartford. First settled, 1701. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,068. The surface\\nof the town is uneven, with a strong", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngravelly soil. Excellent iron ore\\nis found here.\\nRev. John Bulkley, a grandson\\nof president Chauncy, was the first\\nsettled minister in this place. Mr.\\nBulkley was a very distinguished\\nscholar. He died in 1731. He\\npublished a curious treatise, in\\nvvhich he contended that the In-\\ndians had nojust claims to any lands\\nbut such as they had subdued and\\nimproved by their own labor. The\\nfollowing story is told in an old book.\\nThe Rev. Mr. Bulkley of Col-\\nchester, Conn., was famous in his\\nday as a casuist and sage counsel-\\nlor. A church in his neighborhood\\nhad fallen into unhappy divisions i\\nand contentions, which they were I\\nunable to adjust among themselves.\\nThey deputed one of their number\\nto the venerable Bulkley, for his\\nservices, with a request that he\\nwould send it to them in writing.\\nThe matters were taken into serious\\nconsideration, and the advice, with\\nmuch deliberation, committed to\\nwriting. It so happened, that Mr.\\nBulkley had a farm in an extreme\\npart of the town, upon which he\\nentrusted a tenant. In superscrib-\\ning the two letters, the one for the\\nchurch was directed to the tenant,\\nand the one for the tenant to the\\nchurch. The church was conven-\\ned to hear the advice which was to\\nsettle all their disputes. The mod-\\nerator read as follows You will see\\nto the repair of the fences, that they\\nbe built high and strong, and you\\nloill take special care of the old\\nblack bull. This mystical advice\\npuzzled the church at first, but an\\ninterpreter among the more dis-\\ncerning ones was soon found, who\\nsaid, Brethren, this is the very ad-\\nvice we most need the directions\\nto repair the fences is to admonish\\nus to take good heed in the admis-\\nsion and government of our mem-\\nbers we must guard the church\\nby our Master s laws, and keep out\\nstrange cattle from the fold. And\\nwe must in a particular manner set\\na watchful guard over the Devil^\\nthe old black bull, who has done so\\nmuch hurt of late. All perceived\\nthe wisdom and fitness of Mr. Bulk-\\nley s advice, and resolved to be gov-\\nerned by it. The consequence was,\\nall the animosities subsided, and\\nharmony was restored to the long\\nafflicted church.\\nColetorook, N. H.,\\nCoos CO., on Connecticut river\\nabout 35 miles N. of Lancaster. It\\nIS watered by the Mohawk river\\nand Beaver brook. The soil here\\nis rich, and capable of culture. In-\\ntervales of good quality stretch\\nalong the Connecticut. Colebrook\\nwas originally granted to Sir George\\nColebrook and others, and was in-\\ncorporated Dec. 1, 1790. There is\\nan academy in this town, incorpo-\\nrated in 1833. Population, 1830,\\n542.\\nColebrook, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. An elevated town-\\nship of a hard gravelly soil and un-\\neven surface, on the line of Mas-\\nsachusetts 31 miles N. W. from\\nHartford, and 18 N. E. from Litch-\\nfield. The eastern part of the town\\nis watered by Farmington river.\\nHere are a number of good mill\\nseats, and a manufactory of broad-\\ncloth. The village is very plea-\\nsant, having Mount Pisgah in the\\nrear. First settled, 1765. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,332.\\nColeraine, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town was first\\nsettled by a colony from the north\\nof Ireland, about the j ^ear 1736. It\\nlies 105 miles N. W. from Boston\\nand 9 N. W. from Greenfield. It\\nIS watered by a branch of Deerfield\\nriver, which produces a water pow-\\ner for 3 cotton mills and several\\nother manufactories. The manu-\\nfactures consist of cotton goods, iron\\ncastings, leather, hats, chairs, cab-\\ninet ware, ploughs, spades, shovels,\\nforks, and hoes j total valucj in one", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nyear, $91,000. This is a fine graz-\\nins; township, and produced, in\\n1837, 16,123 pounds of wool, valu-\\ned at $9,133, the fleeces of 5,754\\nsheep. Population, 1837, 1,998.\\nColleges in Ne^v England.\\nSee Register.\\nColmu bia, Me.\\nWashington co. At the head of\\ntide water, on the W. side of Plea-\\nsant river. It is a very large town-\\nship, well provided with mill seats,\\nand was settled soon after the rev-\\nolutionary war. It lies 15 miles W.\\nfrom Machias, and 120 E. by N.\\nfrom Augusta. Columbia has con-\\nsiderable trade, particularly in lum-\\nber. Population, 1837, 793.\\nColimiljia, IV. H.,\\nIn the county of Coos, lies on the\\nE. bank of Connecticut river, 30\\nmiles N. of Lancaster, and 147 N.\\nof Concord. The surface of the\\ntown is quite uneven, the moun-\\ntains of Stratford lying along the\\nS. From these a number of streams\\ndescend north-westerly into the\\nConnecticut, furnishing many fine\\nmill seats. There arc also several\\nsmall ponds in town. On the bor-\\nders of one, called Lime pond, vast\\nquantities of shells are found, from\\nwhich a species of lime is made\\nthat answers for some uses. It\\nwas incorporated 1797. Population,\\n1830, 442.\\nColimi bia, Ct.\\nTolland co. Taken from Leba-\\nnon, in 1800. It is 22 miles E. from\\nHartford, and about 14 S. by E.\\nfrom Tolland. Population, 1830,\\n962. Columbia is watered by a\\nbranch of the Willimantic, and has\\na satinet factory, and other ope-\\nrations by water. The surface is\\nuneven the soil hard and gravelly,\\nbut excellent for grazing. In this\\nplace, about the year 1741, the Rev.\\nDr. Eleazar Wheelock, the first\\npresident of Dartmouth College,\\nopened a school for the instruction\\nof Indian youth. He removed his\\nfamily and pupils to Hanover, N.\\nH., in the autumn of 1770. The\\nsnow was very deep, and Hanover\\nwas a wilderness. Sometimes\\nstanding in the open air, at the head\\nof his numerous fami ly, Dr. Whee-\\nlock presented to God their morn-\\ning and evening prayers the sur-\\nrounding forests, for the first time,\\nreverberated the solemn sounds of\\nsupplication ajid praise. This good\\nman died in 1779, aged 69.\\nConcord, Me.\\nSomerset co. Incorporated in\\n1821. Population, 1837, 524. Con-\\ncord lies on the V* side of Kenne-\\nbec river, 55 miles N. from Augus-\\nta, and about 20 N. from Norridge-\\nwock. This is a good township,\\nand produced, in 1837, 3,121 bush-\\nels of wheat.\\nConcoi d, W. H.,\\nThe capitolof the state, and shire\\ntown of the county of Merrimack.\\nIt lies on both sides of the INIerri-\\nmack river, in N. lat. 43\u00c2\u00b0 12 29\\nand W. Ion. 71\u00c2\u00b0 29 and is 146\\nmiles S. W. from Augusta, Me.\\n97 S. E. from Montpelier, Vt.; 153\\nN. E. from Albany, N. Y. 65 N.\\nN. W. from Boston, Mass. 103 N.\\nfrom Providence, R. I. 139 N. N.\\nE. from Hartford, Conn., and 474\\nN. E. by E. from Washington.\\nThere are five ponds in Concord,\\nthe largest of which are Turkey, in\\nthe S. W., and Long pond in the\\nN. W. parts of the town, on the\\nstreams passing from which are\\nsome valuable mills and privileges.\\nThe Contoocook river enters the W.\\ncorner of the town, and uniting\\nwith the Merrimack on the N. W.\\nline, forms at its junction the cel-\\nebrated Buston s Island. On the\\nborders of the Merrimack, which\\nis the principal river of this region,\\nare rich intervale lands, highly val-\\nued by the inhabitants, and well\\ncultivated. Soon after \u00c2\u00abnt6ring", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nConcord, the river passes over Sew-\\nfill s falls, or rapids, below which is\\nSewall s island. Fro:a thence the\\nriver has no natural obstruction un-\\ntil it reaches the falls at the S. E.\\nextremity of the town, where is a\\nwater power, now owned by the\\nAmoskeag Manufacturing Compa-\\nny, almost sufficient to move the\\nmachinery of another Lowell.\\nLocks are here constructed, and\\nnavigation by boats lias been open\\nsince 1815 during the boating sea-\\nsou, adding much to the business and\\nimportance of the place. The riv-\\ner is aliout 100 yards wide opposite\\nthe town but during the great\\nfreshets which sometimes occur\\nhere, the river rises 20 feet above\\nthe ordinary level, presenting to\\nthe eye a body of water a niilc in\\nwidth. There are two handsome\\nbridges thrown across the river.\\nThe principal village, and seat\\nof most of the business of the town,\\nis on the western side of llie river,\\nextending nearly two miles between\\nthe two bridges and is one of the\\nmost healthy and pleasantly situa-\\nted villages in Ncav England. The\\nstate house, state prison and court\\nLouse, and five very comn:iodiou3\\nand handsome structures for public\\nworship, are in this village. The\\nstate house occupies a beautiful site\\nin the centre of the village, and is\\nconstructed of hewn granite. It is\\n126 feet in length, 49 in width, 50\\nfeet of the centre of the building-\\nhaving a projection of 4 feet on\\neach front. It rises two stories\\nabove the basement. The height\\nfrom the ground to the eagle on the\\ntop of the cupola is 120 feet. The\\ncost of the building and append:i-\\nges, $80,000. The state prison is\\nalso a solid structure of nmssive\\ngranite. On the east side of the\\nriver is the second principal village,\\nwhere the Sewall s f alls Locks and\\nCanal Company, recently chartered,\\nhave commenced their works,\\nwhich, by taking the waters of the\\nriver in a canal from Sewall s falls,\\nwill create a vast and valuable wa-\\nter power at this village, that must\\nultimately prove of immense im-\\nportance to the town. Another\\nhandsome village has grown up iu\\nthe west part of the town. The\\nintercourse with Lowell and Boston,\\nby way of the canal on the Merri-\\nmack, has been open since 1815,\\nand a very large amount of busi-\\nness in freights has been tlone on\\nthe river. The Concord rail-road,\\nto connect with the Lowell rail-\\nroad, has also been sui-veyed, and\\nwill doubtless soon be put in pro-\\ngress. This is a link in the great\\nchain of noithern lailways, which\\nmust ultimately extend fiom Boston\\nto connect with the western waters\\nat the outlet of lake Ontario. The\\nimportance of extending the rail-\\nroad to the heart of New Hamp-\\nsliire has by no means been fully\\nestimated by the public. Concord\\nis the great thoroughfai-e for trav-\\nellers from the north, and the freight\\nby horses and baggage wagons is\\nimmense.\\nThe roil of this town is gcnei al-\\nly good, and the intervales very\\nproductive. Large masses of gian-\\nite suitable for the purposes of build-\\ning exist here, the most important of\\nwhich is The J\\\\ ew Hampshire\\nLedge, a name by which in an act of\\nincorporation an immense mass of\\ngranite in the N.W. part of the tow^n\\nhas been designated. This ledge is\\nsituated about 1 1-2 miles N. ^V of\\nthe state house, and about 200 rods\\ndistant froni Merrimack river, which\\nis navigable to (his place with boats.\\nThe course of the ledge is from N.\\nE. to S. W. and its rise about 45\u00c2\u00b0\\nfiom a plane of the horizon, and its\\nheight about 350 feet. It pjesents\\na suiface of massive primitive\\ngranite, of uiore than 4,500 square\\nrotls. The rift of this stone is very\\nperfect, smooth and regular; splits\\nare easily made to the depth of 12\\nto 20 feet, and of almost any re-\\nquired length. And unlike much\\nof the building stone now in the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmarket, it has been ascertained by\\na recent examination (made by Mr.\\nA. H. Hayes, of Roxbury, Mass.,\\nand other eminent chemists and\\ngeologists,) that the stone from this\\nquarry is perfectly free from those\\noxides, or other mineral substances,\\nwhich on exposure to the atmos-\\nphere, mar the beauty of much of\\nthe New England granite. This\\nstone quarries easily the great ele-\\nvation and dip of the ledge, and its\\nproximity to the river, giving it facil-\\nities of working and transportation,\\nit is believed unequalled. From the\\nbase of the ledge to the bank of the\\nMerrimack, a rail-way is contem-\\nplated, the proprietors of the ledge\\nhaving already obtained a charter\\nfor that purpose. As the great fa-\\ncility of transportation by way of\\nthe river to the markets, becomes\\nknown, together with the fact, that\\nthe upward freight would, during a\\ngreat portion of the j ear, go far\\ntowards remunerating the cost of\\nti-nnsportation of this stone to the\\nseaboard the situation, extent, and\\nvalue of this quarry will be seen\\nand appreciated. On several large\\nperpendicular faces of the ledge,\\nprotected by shelving rocks from\\nvegetable stains, but exposed for\\nages perhaps to the atmosphere, the\\nstone is found to be entirely free\\nfrom any coloring or stain, preserv-\\ning its natural color. The amount\\nof the whole mass, when wrought,\\ncan scarcely be estimated. This\\nrepresentation is derived from gen-\\ntlemen of Concord not at all in-\\nterested in the quarry, and is here\\ngiven, with the sole qualification,\\nthat if the quality of the stone is as\\npure as is stated, there is no danger\\nof over-estimating the value of the\\nquarry. A specimen of this granite\\nis with the editor for examination.\\nConcord, originally called Pena-\\ncook, was granted by Massachu-\\nsetts to a company of settlers, 17th\\nJan., 1725, and the settlement began\\nthe year following. In 1733, the\\nplantation was incorporated by the\\n9\\nname of Rumford, which name\\nit retained until 7th June, 1765,\\nwhen the town was incorporated\\nby its present name. This town\\nsuffered much from incursions of\\nthe savages. Several of the inhab-\\nitants were killed, and otiier? taken\\ninto captivity, between the years\\n1740 and 1750. The manufactures\\nof Concord are numerous and vil-\\nuable. They consist of books, fur-\\nniture of all kinds, boots, aiioe?,\\ngranite, lumber, and a variety oi\\nother articles. The manufacture\\nof books is very extensive, and an-\\nnually increasing.\\nPopulation in 1775, 1,052 in 17S0,\\n1,747; in ISOO, 2,052; in ISIO,\\n2,393 in 1820, 2,838 and in 1830,\\n3,727. The present population is\\nbetween 4 and 5 thousand.\\nAmong the early inhabitants and\\ndistinguished citizens of this town,\\nmay t)e mentioned the following\\nHon. Timothy Walker, son\\nof the first minister of Concord, an\\nactive patriot during the revolution,\\nmember of the convention of 1784,\\na legislator, and judge of the com-\\nmon pleas. He died May 5, 1822,\\naged 85.\\nDr, Philip Carrigaik, an\\neminent physician, who died iu\\n1806,\\nHon. Thot-ias W, Tkompsox,\\na distinguished lawyer and politi-\\ncian, who died 1 Oct., 1S21, aged\\n57.\\nSir Ben-jamin Thompson\\n(known to the world as Coun^t\\nRumford) settled and married\\nhere in early life.\\nJoii:\\\\ Fart.ier, Esq,, an emin-\\nent antiquary and genealogist, re-\\nsided here for the last seventeen\\nyears of his life, and died 13 Aug.,\\n1838, aged 49. Mr. Farmer s health\\nwas always exceedingly delicate\\nhe therefore, partly of necessity and\\npartly of clioice, adopted a very\\nsedentary roode of life. He col-\\nlected around him books of ancient\\ndate gathered together earlj rec-\\nords of towns notices of the first", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsettlers of the country inquired\\ninto the names, ages, characters,\\nand deaths of distinguished men of\\nevery profession entered into ex-\\ntensive correspondence with men\\nv/ho might be able to furnish him\\nwith facts rehitive to the subjects of\\nhis inquiry. In short, Mr. Farmer\\nsoon became known as an Anti-\\nquarian, distinguisiied far beyond\\nal! his fellow citizens, for exact\\nknowledge of facts and events rel-\\native to the history of New Eng-\\nland. His mind was a wonderful\\nrepository of names and dates and\\nparticular incidents, not stored up\\nindeed for private gratiiication, but\\nalways open for the benefit of oth-\\ner?. So general and well establish-\\ned was his reputation for accuracy,\\nthat his authority was relied on, as\\ndecisive in historical and genealog-\\nical facts.\\nFeelings of personal attachment\\nand obligations for numerous inval-\\nuable tokens of friendship, received\\nby the editor, v/ould seem to require\\na full length portrait of the charac-\\nter of this distinguished man and\\nestimable christian even in a work\\nof this kind and it should be giv-\\nen, had not an abler pen performed\\nthat act of justice. See American\\nQuarterly Register.\\nCoiicord, Vt.\\nEssex CO. First settled, 17SS.\\nPopulation, 1830, l,Ora. On the\\nVv\\\\ side of Connecticut river: 38\\nmiles E. by N. from Montpelier,\\nand 18 S. V/. from Guildhall. Moose\\nriver, a branch of the Passumpsic,\\nwaters the north part of the town.\\nHall s and Mile ponds are beau-\\ntiful sheets of water, and afford a\\nvariety of fish. The soil of the town\\nis pretty good, and keeps about 3,000\\nsheep.\\nCo5icor\u00c2\u00ab3, Mass.\\nOne of the cliief towns of Mid-\\ndlesex county. This town is situ-\\nated on the river of the same name,\\n17 miles W. N. W. from Boston,\\n14 S. S. W. from Lowell, and 30 E.\\nN. from Worcester, incorpo-\\nrated, 1635. Population, 1820,\\n1,788 5 1837,2,023. This town was\\nthe first inland settlement in the\\ncolony of Massachusetts Bay. The\\ntownship was originally six miles\\nsquare, and derives its name from\\nthe harmony in which it was pur-\\nchased of the natives. Its Indian\\ntitle viTd.s Musketaquid. It took an\\nactive part in the prosecution of the\\nwar against king Philip, in 1675-6,\\nand in April of the latter j ^ear, 10\\nor 12 of its citizens were killed, in\\nthe attack made by the Indians on\\nthe neighboring town of Sudbury.\\nThe general court has frequently\\nheld its sessions in this town, and\\nin the year 1774 the provincial con-\\ngress selected it as their place of\\nmeeting. On the li)th of April,\\n1775, a detachment of Bi itish troops,\\nsent X3ut by Gen. Gage for the pur-\\npose of seizing a quantity of mili-\\ntary stores which were deposited\\nhere by the province, were met at\\nthe North bridge by the citizens of\\nConcord and the neighboring towns,\\nand forcibly repulsed. It was at\\nthis spot that the first regular and\\neffectual resistance was made, and\\nthe first British life was taken, in\\nthe war of the revolution. The\\ngraves of two of the British soldiers,\\nwho Vfere killed at this place, are\\nstill marked, and a suitable monu-\\nment is erected near the site of the\\nbridge, to commemorate the event.\\nThe monument is of granite, in the\\nform of an obelisk its height about\\n25 feet; the base, which is square,\\nis a large block 5 1-2 feet broad,\\nand about 3 in height. On the west\\nside of the next block, is inlaid a\\ni lab of white Italian marble, on\\nwhich is engraved the following in-\\nscription", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER^\\nHere,\\nOn the 19th of April,\\n)77o,\\nWas made\\nThe first forcible resistance\\nTo British aggression.\\nOn the opposite Bank,\\nStood the American Militia.\\nHere stood the invading Array,\\nAnd on this spot\\nThe first of the enemy fell\\nIn the War of that Revolution\\nWhich gave\\nIndependence\\nTo these United States,\\nIn gratitude to God,\\nAnd\\nIn the love of freedom,\\nThis Monument\\nWas erected\\nA. D. 1836.\\nThe manufactures of Concord\\nconsist of cotton goodSj satinet and\\nflannel, hoots, shoes, hats, ploughs,\\nlead pipe, chairs and cabinet ware.\\nThe whole value, in one year, ex-\\nclusive of cotton goods, amounted to\\n$156,012.\\nConcord River.\\nThis river is formed by the union\\nof Assabet and Sudbury rivers at\\nConcord after passing through the\\ntowns of Bedford, Billerica, and\\nChelmsford, it fails into the Mer-\\nrimack between Lowell and Tewk?-\\nbury. This river furnishestheM\\ndlesex canal with most of its\\nters.\\nCounaiiicut Island*\\nSee Jamestown, R. I.\\nC5j- i2\\niTiCiCT.\\nThis state -is bounded N. by ^Massachusetts, E. by Rhode Island,\\nS. by Lung Island Sound, and W, by New York. Situated between\\n40\u00c2\u00b0 58 and 42\u00c2\u00b0 1 N. lat. and 72\u00c2\u00b0 37 and 71\u00c2\u00b0 43 W. Ion.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe territory of Connecticut was formerly two colonies Connecticut\\nand A ew Haven. The colony of Connecticut was planted by citizens\\nof Massachusetts, at Windsor, in 1633, and at Hartford and Wethersfield,\\nin 1635 and 1636. The colony of New Haven was settled by English-\\nmen, in 1638. In 1665, the two colomes were united by a charter\\ngranted by Charles the Second. This charter was the basis of the gov-\\nernment till 1818, when the present constitution was formed.\\nThe executive power of this State is vested in a Governor, and a Lieu-\\ntenant-Governor, who is also President of the Senate.\\nThe legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Represen-\\ntatives, which together are called T7i,e General Jtssemhiy. The Senate\\nconsists of not less than 18 and not more than 24 members. Most of the\\nlowns may choose two Representatives the others one each. All the\\nabove are elected annually by the people on the first Monday of April.\\nThe General Assembly has one stated session in each year, commencing\\non the first Wednesday in May. These sessions are held alternately, in\\nthe years of even numbers at New Haven, and in the years of odd num-\\nbers at Hartford.\\nThe electors are all the white male citizens, of twenty-one years of\\nage, who have resided in the town in which they vote six months next\\npreceding, and have a freehold estate of the value of seven dollars or\\nwho have performed regular military duty in said town for one year next\\nprevious to the voting or who shall have paid a tax within a year of his\\nvoting. Those entitled to be electors, before voting must be qualified by\\ntaking the oath prescribed by law.\\nNo person is obliged to join any religious society but having joined\\none he is liable by law to pay his proportion of the charges for its sup-\\nport. He may separate himself from such society by leaving with the\\nclerk thereof notice of his determination to close his connextion with\\nthem.\\nThe judicial department of the government embraces the Supreme\\nCourt of Errors, the Superior Court, a County Court in each county, a\\nCity Court in each city, a Court of Probate in each probate district, and\\nas in other states in New England, an indefinite number of Justices of\\nthe Peace in each county.\\nThe Supreme Court of Errors consists of five Judges, who are ap-\\npointed by the General Assembly, and hold their offices during good\\nbehavior, but not after seventy years of age. They are subject to re-\\nmoval by impeachment, and by the Governor, on the address of two thirds\\nof the members of each House of the General Assembly. This court\\nhas final and exclusive jurisdiction of writs of error, brought to revise\\nthe judgment on decrees of the Superior Court, in law or equity, wherein", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe errors complained of appear from the files and records. It holds one\\nterm in each county annually. Though this body, as a court, has cog-\\nnizance only of writs of error, yet, as all the members are Judges of the\\nSuperior Court, a convenient opportunity is afforded, while they are\\nthus assembled, for hearing argumencs on motions for new trials and cases\\nstated. These, of course, occupy a considerable portion of the term\\nThe opinions of the Judges upon them are given by waj?^ of advice to\\nthe Superior Court, in which the cases are respectively pending. This\\nadvice is always followed, it being understood as settling the law.\\nA Judge of the Superior Court of Errors, designated by that court\\nfor the purpose, constitutes the Superior Court; two terms of which are\\nheld in each county annually. This court has cognizance of civil actions\\nat law brought by appeal from the County, City, and Probate Courts,\\nand of suits for relief in chancery, wherein the value of the matter in\\ndemand exceeds $335. In criminal causes it has exclusive jurisdiction\\nof Oifences punishable with death or imprisonment for life and, concur-\\nrent with the County Courts, of all other offences not committed to the\\njurisdiction of the Justices of the Peace. It has also cognizance of\\nwrits of error brought to revise the decisions of inferior tribunals of\\npetitions for divorce, and of v. rits of scire facias, audita querela, and\\npetitions for new trials relative to matters in or issuing from the court.\\nIn capital cases, the Judge holding the court is to call to his assistance\\none or more of the other Judges.\\nThe County Courts consist of one Chief Judge and two Associate\\nJudges, who are appointed annually by the General Assembly. This\\ncourt has original jurisdiction of all civil actions at law, wherein the\\nvalue of the matter in demand exceeds $35, and appellate jurisdiction\\nof all such actions wherein the value in demand exceeds $7. It has\\nalso original and final jurisdiction of suits for relief in equity, wherein\\nthe value in demand does not exceed ,$335, except suits for relief against\\na judgment rendered on a cause depending at law in the Superior\\nCourt.\\nIn criminal jurisdiction, it has cognizance of all ofTences above the\\njurisdiction of a Justice of the Peace, and not exclusively within that\\nof the Superior Court. It is also vested with powers relative to the\\nlaying out of roads, granting licences, the appointment of survey-\\nors, .C.\\nJustices of the Peace have cognizance of all actions at law of a civil\\nnature, wherein the value in demand does not exceed .$35, and of all\\noffences and crimes punishable by fine not exceeding i^l, or by impris-\\nonment not exceeding thirty days, or both.\\nIn each of the six cities Hartford, New Haven, New London, Nor-\\n9#", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwich, Middletown, and Bridgeport\u00e2\u0080\u0094 there is a City Court, consisting of\\nthe Mayor and two senior Aldermen, having cognizance of all civil\\nactions wherein the title of land is not concerned.\\nSuccession of Governors since the Union of the Colonies under\\nthe Charter in 1G65.\\nJohn Winthrop, 1665\u00e2\u0080\u00941676. William Leet, 1676\u00e2\u0080\u00941683. Robert\\nTreat, 1683-1693. Fitz-John Winthrop, 169S\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1707. Gurdon Sal-\\ntonstall, 1708\u00e2\u0080\u00941724. Joseph Talcott, 1725\u00e2\u0080\u00941741. Jonathan Law,\\n1742\u00e2\u0080\u00941751. Roger Wolcott, 1751\u00e2\u0080\u00941754. Thomas Filch, 1754\u00e2\u0080\u00941766.\\nWilliam Pitkin, 1766\u00e2\u0080\u00941769. Jonathan Trumbull, 1769\u00e2\u0080\u00941784. Mat-\\nthew Griswold, 1734\u00e2\u0080\u00941786. Samuel Huntington, 1786\u00e2\u0080\u00941795. Oliver\\nWolcott, 1796,1797. Jonathan Trumbull, 1798-1809. John Treadwell,\\n1809\u00e2\u0080\u00941811. Roger Griswold, 1811, 1812. John Cotton Smith, 1813\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1817. Oliver Wolcott, 1317\u00e2\u0080\u00941827. Gideon Tomlinson, 1827\u00e2\u0080\u00941831.\\nJohn S. Peters, 1831\u00e2\u0080\u00941833. Henry \\\\V. Edwards, 1833, 1834. Samuel\\nA. Foot, 1834\u00e2\u0080\u00941836. Henry W. Edv/ards, 1836\u00e2\u0080\u00941839. William W.\\nEllsworth, 1839\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSuccession of Chief Justices.\\nRichard Law, 1785\u00e2\u0080\u00941789. Eliphalet Dyer, 1789\u00e2\u0080\u00941793. Andrew\\nAdams, 1793\u00e2\u0080\u00941797. Jesse Root, 1798-1807. Stephen M. Mitchell,\\n1807\u00e2\u0080\u00941814. Tapping Reeve, 1814, 1815. Zephaniah Swift, 1815\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1319. Stephen T. Hosmer, 1819\u00e2\u0080\u00941833. David Daggett, 1833\u00e2\u0080\u00941835.\\nThomas S. WilUams, 1835\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nConnecticut is divided into the eight following counties Hartford,\\nNew Haven, New London, Fairfield, Windham, Litchfield, Middlesex,\\nand Tolland. The face of the state is greatly diversified by hills and\\nvalleys. In general it is so exceeding undulating or uneven, as to pre-\\nsent an everchanging variety of objects. The ranges of mountains from\\nthe north, which terminate near New Haven, are not remarkable for their\\nelevation in this state. Connecticut is finely watered by the noble river\\nfi-om which it derives its name, by the Thames, Housa .^nick, Nauga-\\ntuck, and other smaller streams. The soil varies from a gravelly loam\\non the hills, to a rich and exceedingly fertile alluvial in the valleys. The\\nformer is more particularly adapted to grazing, the latter to tillage. These\\nlands, in possession of an industrious class of freemen, yield, in great\\nabundance, all the varieties of products common to a northern climate.\\nThe mineral resources of the state are not yet fully developed but\\niron and copper ores of excellent qualities are found also, lead, cobalt,\\nmarble and freestone. The mineral waters at Siaffbrd are the most\\ncelebrated. Manufacturing establishments are scattered over the state.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\non its numerous delightful streams and foreign commerce, the coasting\\ntrade, and fisheries, enjoy an enviable position on the waters of Long\\nIsland Sound.\\nBlessed with a salubrious climate and fertile country, the people\\nof Connecticut probably enjoy as much happiness as is allotted to\\nany part of the human family. Her population is always full, and although\\nher domain is not extensive, no Atlantic state has sent so many of her\\nchildren, or so large a share of intellectual wealth, to the western\\ncountry, as Connecticut.\\nIf the love of liberty, literature and the arts, of social feeling and\\nmoral worth has an asylum on earth, Connecticut may boast that it is\\nto be found within her bosom. See Register.\\nConnecticut River.\\nThis beautiful river, the Quonek-\\ntacut of the Indians, and the pride\\nof the Yankees, has it sources in\\nNew Hampshire and the moun-\\ntainous tracts in Lower Canada. Its\\nname in the Indian language is said\\nto signify Long River, or, as some\\nrender it, River of Pines. Its\\ngeneral course is north and south.\\nAfter foi-ming the boundary line\\nbetween New Hampshire and Ver-\\nmont, it crosses the western part of\\nMassachusetts, passes the slate of\\nConnecticut, nearly in its centre\\nand, after a fall of 1,600 feet, from\\nits head, north of latitude 45\u00c2\u00b0, it falls\\ninto Long Island Sound, in latitude\\n41\u00c2\u00b0 16 The breadth of this river,\\nat its entrance into Vermont, is\\nabout 150 feet, and in its course of\\n60 miles it increases to about 390\\nfeet. In Massachusetts and Con-\\nnecticut, its breadth may be esti-\\nmated from 450 to 1,050 feet. It is\\nnavigable to Hartford, 45 miles, for\\nvessels of considerable burthen, and\\nto Middletown, 30 miles from the\\nsea, for vessels drawing 12 feet of\\nwater. By means of canals and oth-\\ner improvements, it has been made\\nnavigable for boats to Fifteen Mile\\nFalls, nearly 250 miles above Hart-\\nford. The most considerable rapids\\nin this river, are Bellows Falls, the\\nfalls of Queechy, just below the\\nmouth of Waterqueechy river the\\nWhite river falls, below Hanover,\\nand the Fifteen Mile Falls, in N. H.\\nand Vt.; the falls at Montague and\\nSouth Hadley, in Mass., and the\\nfalls at Enfield, in Ct., where it\\nmeets the tide water. The perpen-\\ndicular height of the falls which\\nhave been overcome by dams and\\nlocks between Springfield, in Mass.,\\nand Hanover, in N. H., a distance\\nof 130 miles, is 240 feet. Bars of\\nsand and gravel extend across this\\nriver in various places, over which\\nboats with difficulty pass in low\\nwater. The most important tribu-\\ntaries to the Connecticut, in New\\nHampshire, are Upper and Lower\\nAmonoosuck, Israel s, John s, Mas-\\ncomy, Sugar, and Ashuelot rivers:\\nin Vermont, Nulhegan,Passumpsic,\\nWells, Wait s, Ompomponoosuck,\\nW^hite, Waterqueechy, Black, Wil-\\nliams, Sexton s, and West rivers\\nin Massachusetts, Miller s, Deer-\\nfield, Agawam, Chickopee, and\\nV/estfield rivers and the Farming-\\nton, in Connecticut.\\nThe intervales are generally\\nspread upon one or both sides of the\\nriver, nearly on a level with its\\nbanks, and extending from half a\\nmile to five miles in breadth but\\nits borders are in some places high.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n1-ocky and precipitous. In the\\nspring it overflows its banks, antl,\\nthrough its winding course of nearly\\n400 miles, forms and fertilizes a\\nvast tract of rich meadow. In point\\nof length, utility, and beauty, this\\nriver forms a distinguished feature\\nof New England.\\nLarge quantities of shad are taken\\nin this river, but the salmon, which\\nlormerly were very plenty, have\\nentirely disappeared. Connecticut\\nriver passes through a basin or val-\\nley of about 12,000 square miles\\nit is decorated, on each side, with\\ntowns and villages of superior\\nbeauty, and presents to the eye a\\nwonderful variety of enchanting-\\nscenery.\\nConnecticut laalce,\\nThe source of one of the princi-\\npal branches of Connecticut river,\\nis situated in latitude 4.5\u00c2\u00b0 2 and is\\n5 1-2 miles in length, and 2 1-2 in\\nwidth. It is supplied by several\\nsmall streams, rising in the high-\\nlands north of the lake.\\nContoocook River, W. II.,\\nA stream of considerable length\\nand importance, waters most of the\\ntowns in the W. part of the county\\nof Hillsborough. It has its origin\\nfrom several ponds in JafFrey and\\nRindge, and in its course north re-\\nceives numerous streams from Dub-\\nlin, Peterborough, Sharon, Nel-\\nson, Stoddard, Vv ashington, Antrim,\\nDeering, and Hillsborough. In\\nHillsborough it takes a N. E. and\\neasterly direction, and proceeds\\nthrough Henniker to Hopkinton,\\nwhere it receives Warner and Black-\\nwater rivers. From Hopkinton,\\nit pursues a meandering course\\nthrough Concord, and discharges\\nitself into the Merrimack between\\nConcord and Boscawen. Near the\\nmouth of this river is Dustoti s\\nIsland, celebrated as the spot where\\nMrs. Duston destroyed several In-\\ndians, in\\nCon-ivay, N. H.,\\nCarroll co., on Saco river, is 72\\nmiles N. N. E. from Concord, 60\\nN. by W. from Dover,and 57 N. W.\\nfrom Portland, Me. Swift river, a\\nconsiderable and very rapid stream,\\nPequawkett river, and a stream tak-\\ning its rise in Walker s pond, the\\ntwo last affording mill privileges,\\ndischarge themselves into Saco riv-\\ner in this town. Saco river here is\\nfrom 10 to 12 rods wide, and about\\n2 feet deep its current rapid and\\nbroken by falls. This river has\\nbeen known to rise 27 and even\\n.30 feet in the course of 24 hours.\\nThe largest collections of v/ater in\\nConway are a part of Walker s\\npond, and Little Pequawkett pond,\\nwhich lie in the south part of the\\ntown. There is a detached block\\nof granite on the southern side of\\nPine hill, the largest perhaps in the\\nstate. A spring near the centre of\\nthe town,on the bank of Cold brook,\\nstrongly impregnated with sulphur,\\nhas been viLsited frequently by the\\ninfirm, and in many instances found\\nbeneficial. There are also in this\\ntown large quantities of magnesia\\nand fuller s earth. The intervale\\nalong the river is from 50 to 220\\nrods wide. The plain, when prop-\\nerly cultivated, produces large\\ncrops of corn and rye. Conway is\\nquite a resort for travellers from the\\neast and south to the White Moun-\\ntains. From Conway village to\\nCrawford s house, at the Notch, is\\n34 miles N. W. Daniel Foster, in\\n1765, obtained a grant of this town-\\nship, containing 21,040 acres, on\\ncondition that each grantee should\\npay a rent of one ear of Indian corn\\nannually for the space of ten years,\\nif demanded. Pop. IbSO, 1,601.\\nCon^tvay, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town is divid-\\ned from Shelburne, on the north,\\nby Deerfield river. It lies 100 miles\\nW. by N. from Boston, and 7 S. W.\\nfrom Greenfield. Incorporated,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n1767. Population, 1837, 1,4-15. A\\ntributary of Deerfield river passes\\nits northern border. The manu-\\nfactures of Conway consist of cotton\\nand woolen goods, leather, boots,\\nshoes, hats, chairs and cabinet\\nware. Total amount, year ending;\\nApril 1, 1837, $22,475. The value\\nof wool grown, the same j car, was\\n^5,072, comprising 4,830 fleeces,\\nweighing 14,490 pounds.\\nCooper, Me.\\nWashington co. Denny s river,\\nemptying into Meddybemps lake,\\nand both discharging into the river\\nSt. Croix at Baring, water the north\\npart of this town. It lies 164 miles\\nE. N. E. from Augusta, and about\\n3fi miles N. from Machias. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 571.\\nCoos County, N. H.\\nCoos is the largest county in New\\nHampshire, and within its limits\\nare situated the contested Indian\\nStream territory and the greater\\npart of the ungranted lands. Large\\nportions of this county are exceed-\\ningly mountainous, cannot be culti-\\nvated, and will probably never be\\nsettled. This county extends from\\nlat. 43^ 58 to the extreme north\\npart of the state being 76 miles in\\nlength, and having a mean width\\nof about 20 miles. The area of\\nthis county is estimated to contain\\n1600 square miles, or, in round\\nnumbers, 1,000,000 of acres. It is\\nbounded N. by Lower Canada, E.\\nby Maine, S. by the county of\\nSti-afFord, W. by Grafton county\\nand the state of Vermont. Besides\\nthe stupendous pile of the Vv hite\\nMountains, which distinguishes this\\ncounty, there arc several other\\nmountains of no inconsiderable\\nheight. Those in Shelburne, Jack-\\nson and Chatham, on the east side\\nof the White Mountains, are bold\\nand abrupt. The Peak and Bow-\\nback mountains in Stratford the\\nelevations in Dixville, Columbia\\nand Kilkenny; Pilot and Mill moun-\\ntains in Stark Cape Horn in North-\\numberland, and Pondicherry, S. W.\\nof JeiFerson, are all of considerable\\nmagnitude, and partake of the gran-\\ndeur of the While Hills. In the\\nneighborliood of high mountains are\\ngenerally found the ioupces of our\\ngreater rivers. Three of the prin-\\ncipal rivers of New England, the\\nConnecticut, Androscoggin and Sa-\\nco, take their rise in this county.\\nThere are numerous other streams\\nwhich become tributary to these\\nrivers, the principal of which are\\nthe Mohawk, Amonoo-uck, Israel s\\nand John s rivers. The Margalla-\\nway, after receiving the waters of\\nDead and Diamond rivers, unites\\nwith the Androscoggin, near Um-\\nbagog lake. This lake lies princi-\\npally in Maine. Lake Connecti-\\ncut is situated north of the 45th de-\\ngree of latitude, and is one of the\\nsources of Connecticut river. The\\nlargest pond in this county lies N.\\nof lake Connecticut, and is connect-\\ned with it by an outlet.\\nThe first settlement in the coun-\\nty was made at Lancaster in 1763.\\nThe county was incorporated Dec.\\n24, 1803, and the name is of Indian\\norigin, although the same name oc-\\ncurs in the New Testament. The\\npopulation in 1820 was 5,549 and\\nin 1830, 8,3 0. Coos contains 23\\ntowns, and five inhabitants to a\\nsquare mile. Lancaster, Shiretown.\\nCorin.ua, Me.\\nSomerset co. Situated 53 miles\\nN. E. from Au rusta. and about 35\\nE. N. E. from Norridgewock. In-\\ncorporated, 1816. Population, 1837,\\n1,513. In 1837, 8,864 bushels of\\nwheat were raised in this valuable\\ntownship.\\nCorintli, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This delightful\\ntownship lies 81 miles IS. E.\\nfrom Augusta, and about 25 N. W.\\nfrom Bangor. It is watered by", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nKentluskeag stream, and produced,\\nin 1837, 9,017 bushels of wheat.\\nPopulation, same year, 1,232.\\nCorintli, Vt.\\nOrange co. Two branches of\\nWait s river water this town. It is\\n20 miles S. E. from Montpelier, and\\n10 N. E. from Chelsea. First set-\\ntled, 1777. Population, 1S30, 1,953.\\nCorinth is pleasant, with a rough,\\nstrong soil, and very healthy; it\\nhas some water power and keeps\\nabout 7,000 sheep.\\nCoriiisli, Me.\\nYork CO. Bounded N. by the Saeo\\nand Great Ossipee rivers. 83 miles\\nS. W. from Augusta, 32 W. by N.\\nfrom Portland, and 25 N. from Al-\\nfred. Incorporated, 1794. Popula-\\ntion, 1337, 1,130. Cornish produces\\n\u00c2\u00a7ood crops of wheat and some wool.\\nCovnisli, W. H.,\\nSullivan co., is 17 miles N.\\nfrom Charlcstown, 50 N. W. by W.\\nfrom Concord, and 12 N. W. from\\nNe wpoj-t. Connecticut river waters\\nthe west part of this town, and by\\nmeans of a bridge connects Cornish\\nwith Windsor, Vt. The soil is gen-\\nerally fertile. The town is hilly,\\nwith the exception of that part\\nwhich lies on the river. Blow-me-\\ndown and Bryant s brooks are the\\nonly streams of any magnitude\\nthese aiford good mill privileges,\\nwhich are improved for a woolen\\nfactory, a large number of saw, and\\nother mills. The agricultural pro-\\nducts of this town are very consid-\\nerable. Cornish was granted June\\n21, 1763, to Rev. Samuel McClin-\\ntock, of Greenland, and 09 others.\\nThe town was settled in 1765.\\nPopulation, 1330, 1,687.\\nComville, Me,\\nSomerset co. This town is well\\nwatered by the Wessaransett river,\\na branch of the Kennebec. There\\nis much choice land in Cornville. A\\nfew of the inhabitants, in 1837, by\\nway of experiment, raised 7000\\nbushels of wheat. Incoi-porated,\\n1793. Population, 1837, 2,112.\\nBounded S. by Skowhegan: 38 miles\\nN. from Augusta, and about 13 N.\\nE. from Norridgewock.\\nCoin wall, Vt.\\nAddison CO. This is a level town-\\nship of excellent land, watered by\\nOtter creek and Lemonfair river, but\\nwithout any good mill sites. Not-\\nwithstanding there is a very large\\nswamp in this town, the people are\\nhealthy, and many live to a very\\ngreat age. Veiy beautiful calca-\\nreous spar, in rhomboidal crystals, is\\nfound here. The population of\\nCornwall, in 1830, was 1,264. The\\nnumber of sheep, in 1337, was about\\n16,000. It lies 75 miles S. W. from\\nMontpelier, and bounded N. E. by\\nMiddlebury. First settled, 1774.\\nCoi n^vall, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. This mountainous\\ntownship lies on the east side of\\nHousatonick river, 38 miles W.\\nfrom Hartford, 48 N. from New Ha-\\nven, and 13 N. by W. from Litch-\\nfield. First settled, 1740. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,714. The scenery\\nabout the south village is very beau-\\ntiful. The cheerful appearance\\nof the church and the little cluster\\nof white buildings surrounding it,\\nat the bottom of a deep valley, is\\nuncommonly pleasing. The moun-\\ntains and lofty hills which rise im-\\nmediately on almost every side,\\nshutting out, in a sense, the most of\\nthe world from this apparently re-\\ntired spot, present a bold and most\\nstriking feature in the landscape.\\nThis village is the place where a\\nForeign Mission School was estab-\\nlished in 1318. This school had\\nits rise from the attempt to qualify\\nObookiaa, a pious Owyheean youth,\\nand others, for missionaries to their\\nnative lands, Obookiah was brought\\nto this country in 1308, and came to\\nNew Haven. Vf bile here, Samuel\\nJ. Mills, a student in Yale Col-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlege, and other pious persons, com-\\nmiserating bis condition, instructed\\nhim in the Christian -f ^-^o\\nOoookiah soon became hopeluby\\npious, and strongly advocated a mis-\\nsion to his countrymen. Other na-\\ntives of his island were found and\\na school was established for their\\nbenefit at Cornwall. In 1^20 the\\nnumber of pupils in this school was\\n2y, of wbom 19 were American In-\\ndians, and 6 from the islands ot tne\\nPacific ocean. Obookiah sicKeiiod\\nand died in Cornwall in 1S18. 1 be\\nfollowing is the inscription on his\\nmonument in the village grave\\nyard.\\nIn memory of Henry Oooolao.t,\\na native of Owyhee. His arrival in\\nthis country gave rise to the l-or\\nei-n Missimi School, of which he\\nwas a worthy member. He was\\nonce an Idolater, and was designed\\nfor a Pa-an Priest but by the grace\\nof God, and bv the prayers and in-\\nstructions of pious friends,he became\\na Christian. He was eminent tor\\npiety and missionary zeal. VV hen\\nalmost prepared to return to his na-\\ntive isle to preach the go?pel, bod\\ntook him to himself. In his last\\nsickness he wept and prayed :ov\\nOwyhee, but was submissive, we\\ndied without fear, with a heavenly\\n..mile on his countenance and glory\\nin his soul, Feb. ITtb, 1818, aged\\n26.\\ncommencement of the revolutionary\\nwar. Population, 1330, 441.\\nCoventry, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., is 70 miles N. N.\\nW from Concord, and 12 t. b.\\nfrom Haverhill. This town is wa-\\ntered bv branches of Oliverian broo^i\\nand Wild Amonoosuck rivers. In\\nthe S. E. part of Coventry is Moose-\\nhillock mountain. Owl-head moun-\\ntain lies in the W. part of this town\\nCoventry presents a rough and\\nmountainous aspect, and the soil m\\nseveral parts is not capable ol cul-\\ntivation. This town was gran ed\\nJan. 31, 1764, to Theopbi us Fi ch\\nand others, and was settled after the\\nCoventry, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This is a good town-\\nship of land, and is watered by Bar-\\nton s and Black rivers, two good\\nmill streams, running north into\\nMemphremagog lake. First set-\\ntled 1800. Population, 18o0,\\nThe south part of the lake lies in\\nCoventry, and gives it some trade\\nto Canada. Here are abou 2,o00\\nsh-eo Coventrv lies 47 miles JN.\\nby E. from Montpelier, and has Iras-\\nburgh on the south.\\nCoventry, K. I.\\nKent CO. This is a very large\\ntownship, extending to the nor h\\nline of Connecticut, and admirably\\nwatered by numerous ponds and by\\nVlat river, an important branch ol\\nthe Pawtucket. Coventry has long\\nbeen noted for the number and va-\\nriety of its manufactures, particu-\\nlarly of cotton and wool. 1 he soil\\nof the town is well adapted to agri-\\ncultural pursuits it is well i.nprov-\\ned and a large amount of the pro-\\nducts of the dairy, c., is annually\\nproduced. There are a number ot\\nnlpa.ant villages in Coventry, all\\nLf which are ^flourishing both m\\nmanufacturing and ti-ade. i hjs\\ntown was distinguished for its pat-\\n,io^-m during the revolutionaiy\\ncontest. Coventry was incorpora-\\nted in 1742. It lies 10 miles fe.\\nfPom Providence, and 8 N.W.trom\\nEast Greenwich. Population, iboO,\\n3,851.\\nco i \u00c2\u00ab-i^*i y ct.\\nTolland CO. The Wangombog, a\\nbeautiful pond, and the Skungamug,\\nHop and Willimantic rivers, give\\nCoventry a good water power. In\\nthe south part of the town are two\\ncotfon and two woolen manufacto-\\nries a machine shop and otncr im-\\nportant mechanical operations by\\nwater. This town was the gut ot a", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nMohegan Sachem, and was first set-\\ntled in 1700. The surface is un-\\neven, and the soil a gravelly loam.\\nCoventry lies 18 ^niles E. from\\nHartford, and bounded N. by Tol-\\nland. Population, 1830,2,119. This\\ntown is celebrated as the birth place\\nof Capt. Nathan Hale, who vol-\\nunteered his services to Washino-ton\\nto discover the position of the ene-\\nmy on Long Island. He fell a mar-\\ntyr to American liberty. Sent 22\\n1776, aged 22.\\nLoRKjvzo Dow, an itinerart\\npreacher, celebrated for his eccen-\\ntricity was born in Coventry, Octo-\\nber, 16, 1777. It is said that durin-\\nthe 38 years of his ministry he travel\\nled m this and foreign countries two\\nhundred thousand miles. He died at\\nGeorgetown, D. C, Feb. 2, 1834\\nCraftstowry, Vt.\\nOrleans co. Col. Ebenezer Crafts\\nwas the father of this little repub-\\n,o* ^h honored, in\\n1810, aged 70. Craftsbury was\\nsettled in 1789. It lies 25 miles S\\nof the Canada line, 25 miles N. from\\nMontpelier, and about 15 S. S W\\nfrom Irasburgh. Population, 1830^\\n^ly watered\\nby Black river, Wild Branch, and\\n5 large natural ponds well stored\\nwitn trout. The village in the cen-\\ntre of the town is elevated, com-\\nmanding a delightful prospect.\\nCraitljei-2-y Islands.\\nHancock co. These islands were\\n^tached to the town of Moun^\\npesert unlil 1830, when thev were\\nincorporated. They lie a few miles\\ni^. by S, from Mount Desert and\\nembrace Great and Little Cranber-\\nry Sutton s and Baker s islands.\\nThese islands afTord good harbors\\nand are well located for the shore\\ntishery. Population, 1837, 183.\\nCranston, R, I.\\nProvidence co. The soil of thi\\ntown is more favorable for the pro-\\n1 duction of fruits and vegetableg\\nthan for grain. Some parts of the\\ntown are very fertile, but considera-\\nble of the land is rough and uneven.\\nProvidence market is suppUed with\\na considerable amount of the pro-\\nducts of the town. The manufac-\\nture of cotton is very extensively\\npursued. The water power of the\\nPawtuxet and Powchasset are con-\\nstant and abundant. Cranston is a\\nvery pleasant town, and its proxim-\\nity to Providence, (only five miles\\nsouth west) gives it peculiar privi-\\nleges. Population, 1830, 2,653.\\nCra-%vfoi-tl, Me.\\nWashington co. Incorporated,\\n1828. This is a good township of\\nland, and was foi-merly called Ad-\\nams. A large pond in Crawford\\nand apart of another are the sour-\\nces ol a branch of East Machias\\nriver. Population, 1837, 311. Lo-\\ncated about 30 miles N. from Ma-\\nchias and 140 E. N. E. from Au-\\ngusta.\\nCrooked River, Me.,\\nRises in ponds in Oxford county:\\npasses through Harrison, Otisfield\\nand Raymond, and joins the outlet\\nol Long poad into Sebago lake.\\nCross Island, Me.\\nA large island, off Machias bay,\\nattached to the town of Cutler.\\nCroydon, li, M.,\\nSiillivan co., is 44 m.iles N. N.\\nW. from Concord, and 8 N. from\\nNewport. The N. branch of Su-\\ngar river waters this town. On this\\nstream is a woolen factory and other\\nmills. Croydon mountain is of con-\\nsiderable elevation, on which are\\ntwo small ponds. The soil of Croy-\\ndon is moist and rocky, and piodu-\\nces valuable ciops. Croydon was\\ngranted by charter to Samuel Chase,\\nand others. May 31, 1763. It was\\nsettled in 1766. Population, 1830.\\n1,057.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCumberland County, Me.\\nPortland, chief town. Bounded\\nN. by Oxford county, E. by Lin-\\ncoln county, S. by the Atlantic\\nocean, and W. by York county and\\na part of Oxford. Area about 990\\nsquare miles. Population, 1820,\\n49,445; 1330,60,113; 1837,67,619.\\nThis is an excellent county of land,\\nand under good cultivation. The\\ncommerce and manufactures of\\nPortland and neighboring towns\\nis very extensive. Casco bay is\\nwithin the county, and affords it\\nunrivalled privileges for navigation\\nand the fisheries. It is watered by\\nseveral large mill streams and the\\nCumberland and Oxford canal to\\nSebago lake, within the count\\\\%\\ngives to its chief town considerable\\ninland trade. In 1837 there were\\n37,803 bushels of wheat raised in\\nthe county, and it contained 71,000\\nsheep.\\nCuuiberlaiid, Me.\\nCumberland co. Setoff from the\\nwesterly part of North Yarmouth\\nin 1821. Population, 1837, \\\\,51o.\\n54 miles S. Vv\\\\ from Augusta, and\\n10 N. from Portland. Cumberland\\nis pleasantly situated on Casco bay,\\nand enjoys many navigable facili-\\nties.\\nCumberland, R. I.\\nProvidence co. The manufac-\\nture of cotton and boat building i\\nextensively puisued in this town.\\nPawtucket, Mill and Peter s rivers,\\nand Abbot s run, afford the town\\na good hydraulic power. There is\\nsome good land in Cumberland,\\nproducing a variety of articles for\\nProvidence market from v/hich it\\nis distant 8 miles N. Population,\\n1830, 3,675. See Smithfield.\\nCummiugtan, Mass.\\nHampshire co. Located 110 miles\\nW. from Boston, and 20 \\\\V. N. W.\\nfrom Northampton. Incorporated,\\n1779. Population, 1837, 1,204. In\\nthis town are cood mill seats oa\\n10\\nWestfield river. It is a mountain-\\nous township but excellent for graz-\\ning. It produced, in 1837, 12,486\\npounds of merino wool, the weight\\nof 4,162 fleeces, valued at $7,492.\\nThe manufactures of Cummington\\nconsist of cotton and woolen goods,\\nleather, palm-leaf hats, and scythe\\nsnaiths. Total value, in one year,\\nJ^9S,000. Iron ore and soapstone.\\nLincoln co. Situated on Saint\\nGeorge s river, opposite to the town\\nof St. George 45 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta, and about 12 miles S. from\\nWarren. This place was settled by\\nemigrants from Ireland, as early as\\n1733. Here was the celebrated\\nstone fort, erected by Maj. Burton.\\nIncorporated, 1789. Population,\\n1837, 732.\\nCutler, Me.\\nWashington co. Bounded S. by\\nthe Atlantic Ocean, and about 20\\nmiles S. W. from Yv Quoddy Head.\\nIt contains Little Machias bay and\\nLittle river, and is bounded W, by\\nMachias bay. Cutler has a good\\nharbor, and a population of 667\\n164 miles E. by N. from Augusta,\\nand 10 S. E. from Machias.\\nDalton, -X. H.,\\nCoos CO., lies between Lancas-\\nter and Littleton, on Connecticut\\nriver, and is 110 miles N. by Y/.\\nfrom Concord. The Great, or Fif-\\nteen Mile Falls, on Connecticut\\nriver, commence in Dalton, and\\nrush tumultuously along its north-\\nwest boundary. The town is also\\nwatered by John s river and sever-\\nal large brooks. The western and\\nsouthern parts of this town are hilly.\\nAlong the borders of John s river\\nthe majestic white pine abounds.\\nThe soil on the highlands is deep,\\nand well adapted to grazing is\\ngenerally good, and in some parts\\neasy of cultivation. Blake s pond,\\nthe only one in town, lies at the S.\\nE. corner. Moses Blake and Wal-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nter Bloss were the first settlers of\\nDalton, and, with their families, for\\na long time the only inhabitants.\\nDalton was incorporated Nov. 4,\\n17S1. Population, 1S30, 532.\\niJlake was a famous hunter, and\\nthe moose which frequented the\\npond called by his name often fell\\nby the accuracy of his shots. Blake\\nand Capt. Bucknam, (one of the\\nfirst settlers of Lancaster,) on a\\nhunting excursion, fiied at a mark,\\non asmdlbet. Bucknam fired hist,\\nand cut, at the distance of twenty\\nrods, near the centie of a mark\\nnot larger than a dollar. Blake\\nthen fired, and on going to the tree\\non which the mark was made, no\\ntrace of the ball could be discover-\\ned. Bucknam exulted: Cutout\\nyour ball, said Blake, and you ll\\nfind mine o top on t. The opera-\\ntion being performed, the two balls\\nwere found, the one safely lodged\\nupon the other,\\nIPaltoii, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. Dalton lies 120\\nmiles W. from Boston, and 13 N.\\nby E. from Lenox. Incorporated,\\n17S4. Population, 1837, 830. It\\nis watered by the E. branch of Hou-\\nsatonick liver. Its manufactures\\nconsist of woolen cloth, iron cast-\\nings, paper, ($37,500,) leather,\\nboots and shoes. Total amount in\\none year, $47,813. In 1837, the\\nproduct of 4,2.38 sheep was 11,852\\npounds of wool, valued at $5,725.\\nI5am\u00c2\u00abi.-lscotta Hiver, Me.\\nThis river has its source in ponds\\nin Jefferson and Nobleborough its\\ngeneral course is southerly between\\nNewcastle, Edgecomb and Booth-\\nhay, on the west, and Bristol on the\\neast. It is navigable for vessels of\\nany burthen 16 miles, to the bridge\\nwhich crosses it between New-\\ncastle and Nobleborough. Large\\nquantities of lumber descend, and\\nmany merchant ships arc built on\\nthis broad and navigable arm of the\\nsea.\\nIDaiia, Mass.\\nWoi ccster co. Dana lies 65 miles\\nW. from Boston, and 27 W. N. W.\\nfrom \\\\Vorcester. A branch of Swift\\nriver passes through the town.\\nSome leather is tanned in Dana;\\nand 70,000 palm-leaf hats were\\nmade in 1836 valued at $10,500.\\nInccporated, 1781. Population,\\n1837, 6()0.\\nDanbiiry, W. H.,\\nIs in the S. part of Grafton county,\\nand lies in the form of a diamond.\\nIt is IG miles S. by W. from Ply-\\nmouth, and 30 N. W. from Concord.\\nThis town is generally hilly, al-\\nthough thei-e are some intervales.\\nIn the N. E. part is a large hill.\\nThe eastern section is watered by\\nSmith s river. The first settle-\\nment was made in Nov. 1771, and\\nincoiporated June 18, 1795. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 786.\\nDaiilJiiry, Ct.\\nOne of the shire towns of Fair-\\nfield county. Danbury, the Pah-\\nqvioque of the Indians, was first\\nsettled in 1684. The soil of the\\ntown is good, and agreeably diver-\\nsified by hills and valleys. The\\nborough or village is vei-y pleasant-\\nly situated in a valley, and is me-\\nmoi-able for its sacrifices in the\\nrevolutionary war. It was nearly\\ndestroyed by the British, with a\\nlarge amount of continental stores,\\nApril, 1777. It lies 22 miles N.\\nfrom Norwalk, 86 S. S. W. from\\nLitchfield, and 55 S. W. by W.\\nfrom Hartford.\\nRobert Sandemaat, the foun-\\nder of a religious sect,died at Danbu-\\nry in 1771, aged 53. See Bethel, Ct.\\nDaiiby, Vt.\\nRutland co. Situated near the\\nhead waters of Otter creek, 17 miles\\nS. from Rutland, and QS S. S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier. Fii-st settled,\\n176S. Population, 1830, 1,362.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surface of the town is rough", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand mountainous, but productive\\nof extraordinary feed for cattle.\\nSome of the best dairies in the\\ncountry are in Danby. Large quan-\\ntities of butter and cheese, of supe-\\nrior quality, are annually sent to\\nmarket. There are some curious\\ncaverns in this town, one of great\\ndepth.\\nDaiivers, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This flourishing town\\nlies 2 miles N. W. from Salem, to\\nwhich it was attached until 1757,\\nand called Salem Village. It is\\nvery pleasant, and has some mill and\\nnavigable privileges. The manu-\\nfactures, for the year ending April\\n1, 1837, amounted to $354,300.\\nThe articles manufactured were\\nboots and shoes ($435,1)00,) leather,\\n($264,400,) nails, bricks, pottery\\nware, glue, lasts, morocco, choco-\\nlate, shoe pegs, shoe and soap boxes,\\nsoap and candles. Population, 1830,\\n4,228 1837, 4,804.\\nDanville, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town, for-\\nmerly called Pejepsco, was set off\\nfrom the westerly part of North\\nYarmouth, in 1802. Population,\\n1837, 1,282. It lies 32 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 29 N. from Port-\\nland. Farming is the principal\\nbusiness of the inhabitants they\\nraised, in 1837, 1,218 bushels of\\nwheat.\\nDanville, ]V. H.\\nBockingham CO. It was incorpo-\\nrated February 22, 1760 formerly\\na part of Kingston, and until re-\\ncently known by the name of\\nHawice. The soil is uneven, but in\\nsome parts good. Acchusnut river\\npasses over the north west corner.\\nLong pond lies in the east part, and\\nCub pond on the west side. The\\nfirst settlements were made by Jon-\\nathan Sanborn, Jacob Hook, and\\nothers, between 1735 and 1739.\\nDanville lies 33 miles S. E. of Con-\\ncord, and 10 S. W. of Exeter. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 528.\\nDanville, Vt.\\nChief town of Caledonia county.\\nDanville village is very pleasantly\\nsituated near the centre of the town,\\nand is suirounded by a beautiful\\nfarming country first settled, 1784.\\nCharles Hacket brought the first\\nwoman into town, in 1785. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 2,631. It lies 28 miles\\nN. E. from Montpelier. Here is a\\nmedicinal spi-ing and Jo s pond,\\ncovering 1,000 acres, lies mostly\\nin the town. Several tributaries of\\nthe Passumpsic give the town a good\\nwater power. This is a place of\\nconsiderable manufactures and do-\\nmestic trade.\\nDarien, Ct.\\nFairfield co. Until 1820, Darien\\nwas a parish in the tOAvn of Stam-\\nford. The soil is excellent, and well\\nadapted to tillage and grazing. It\\nlies 5 miles W. from Norwalk, and\\n42 S. W. from New Haven. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,201.\\nDuring divine service, on Sun-\\nday, 22d of July, 1781, a party of\\nBritish troops surrounded the meet-\\ning house at this place, and made\\nthe whole congregation prisoners.\\nThe males were tied, two and two,\\nand the Rev. Moses Mather, D. D.,\\na man distinguished for his learning\\nand piety, placed at their head.\\nThey were marched to the shore,\\ntaken to Long Island, and after-\\nwards to New York, where they\\nsuffered a cruel imprisonment.\\nSome of them never returned.\\nDartnioutli, Mass.\\nBristol CO. The Aponiganset of\\nthe Indians. A sea-port on Buz-\\nzard s bay, on the W. side of Ac-\\ncushnet river, 56 miles S. from Bos-\\nton, and 3 W. from New Bedford.\\nIncorporated, 1664. Population,\\n1837, 3.958. There are 5 vessels\\nbelonging to this place engaged in", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe whaling business, and a num-\\nber ia coasting;, and other fisheries.\\nThe pioduct of the whale, cod and\\nmackerel fisheries the year end-\\ning April 1, 1837, amounted to\\n^93,103. The value of wool grown\\nwas $2,110. The value of salt\\nmanufactured, of vessels built, of\\nleather tanned, and of boots and\\nshoes made, was $27,910.\\nDead Rivers.\\nDead river, in Maine, is an im-\\nportant tributary to the Kennebec.\\nIt rises on the border of Lower\\nCanada, in the county of Franklin.\\nIt passes in a S. E. direction 40 or\\n50 miles then N. about 10 it then\\nchanges to the E., and after passing\\nabout 15 miles it falls into the Ken-\\nnebec, about 20 miles below Moose\\nHead lake. The lands on Dead\\nriver and its numerous tributaries\\nare very fertile and heavily wooded.\\nDead Stream, in Maine, is a con-\\nsiderable tributary to the Penob-\\nscot, from the west. It empties at\\nOrono, opposite to the Indian vil-\\nlage.\\nDead river, in New Hampshire,\\nrises in the N. W. corner of the\\nstate, in Coos county, and after re-\\nceiving several tributaries it falls\\ninto the Margallaway.\\nDeanfield, Me.\\nLocated at the N. W. corner\\nof Hancock county, between Pas-\\nsadumkeag river and Olammon\\nstream. See Barnard, Me,\\nDearborn, Me.\\nKennebec co. The soil of this\\ntown is excellent, particularly\\naround Great pond, which covers\\na large portion of the surface, and\\nhas a number of islands of great\\nbeauty. This pond is connected\\nwith other large sheets of water\\nin Belgrade, Mount Vernon, and\\nRome, which render this part of\\nthe county highly picturesque.\\nDearborn was incorporated in 1812.\\nPopulation, 1837, 799. 15 miles\\nN. from Augusta.\\nDedliam, Me.\\nHancock co. Incorporated, 1837.\\nIt is bounded on the W. by Ells-\\nworth. Union river passes through\\nits N. W. corner. In 1837 it had\\na population of 427, and produced\\n1,550 bushels of wheat.\\nDedliam, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. County town. This\\ntown is on Charles river, with a good\\nwater power. It is 10 miles S. W.\\nfrom Boston, 35 E. from Worcester,\\n35 N. W. from Plymouth, 26 N. by\\nW. from Taunton, and 30 N. E.\\nfrom Providence. It has a beauti-\\nful court house of hewn granite.\\nIts Indian name was Tiot. A rail-\\nroad from the centre of the town\\nmeets the Boston and Providence\\nrail-road, about two miles at the\\neastward. The manufactures of\\nDedham the year ending April 1,\\n1837, amounted to $510,755. They\\nconsisted of cotton and woolen goods,\\nleather, boots, shoes, paper, mar-\\nbled paper, iron castings, chairs,\\ncabinet wares, straw bonnets, palm-\\nleaf hats, and silk goods. The val-\\nue of silk goods manufactured was\\n$10,000. Dedham village is very\\npleasant, and possesses every in-\\nducement to render it a desirable\\nresidence for the mechanic or man\\nof leisure. Population, 1837, 3,532.\\nDeerfield, ]V. H.,\\nRockingham co., is 18 miles E.\\nS. E. from Concord, and 30 W. by\\nN. from Portsmouth. This town\\nhas a number of very pleasant ponds\\nwhich afford fish of various kinds.\\nMoulton s pond is situated at the\\nW. part of the town. This pond,\\nalthough small, is noted on account\\nof its having no visible inlet, and\\ntherefore is supposed to be supplied\\nby a subterraneous passage, as the\\nwater is always of nearly an equal\\ndepth. The outlets of the pond run", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "WEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nIn opposite directions. This pond\\nis also remarkable on account of\\nhaving been often sounded witli-\\nout discovering any bottom. A\\nbranch of Lamprey river passes S.\\nand S. E. through Deertield. The\\nsurface of this town is uneven, the\\nsoil durable and fertile, although\\nhard to cultivate. The Tuckawaj^,\\nbetween Deertield and Notting-\\nham, the Saddleback,between Deer-\\ntield and Northwood, and Fort\\nmountain on the V/., are the prin-\\ncipal elevations. In the W. part\\nof this town, on the southerly side\\nof a ridge of rocks which extend\\n3-4 of a mile, is a natural formation\\nin the rock, for sixty years desig-\\nnated as the Indian Camp. Its\\nsides are irregular, and the top is\\ncovered by a canopy of granite\\nprojecting about 14 feet, affording\\na shelter from the sun and rain.\\nOn the E. side of this camp is a\\nnatural tlight of steps, or stones\\nresembling steps, by w hich per-\\nsons may easily ascend to the top\\nof the rock. Deerfield was once\\na place of favorite resort for deer,\\ngreat numbers of which were tak-\\nen. While the petition for the\\ntown was pending, a Mr. Batchel-\\nder killed a deer, and presenting it\\nto Gov. Wentworth, obtained the\\nact under the name of Deer-field.\\nThe town was settled in 1756 and\\n1758, by John Robertson, Benja-\\nmin Batchelder and others. Dur-\\ning the Indian wars the inhabitants\\nlived in garrisons, but no serious\\nmischiefs were experienced. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,086.\\nDeei iield, Mass.\\nFranklin co. At the junction of\\nConnecticut and Deerfield rivers,\\non the west side of the former, and\\non both sides of the latter. The\\nPocumfuck of the Indians. It is\\n95 miles W. by N. from Boston, 4\\nS. from Greenfield, and 17 N. from\\nNorthampton. First settled, 166S.\\nIncorporated, 1G82. Population, in\\n1837, 1,952. A very pleasant town,\\n10*\\nand a place of considerable com-\\nmerce. The manufactures of this\\nplace, for one year, amounted to\\n$147,190. They consisted of leath-\\ner, boots, shoes, cutlery, ($100,000)\\nchairs, cabinet w are, palm-leaf hats,\\nlead pipe, hair cloth and beds, wag-\\nons and carriages, pocket books,\\nwallets, and corn-broorns. The val-\\nue of wool grown, the same year,\\n(1836) was $2,708. From the\\nmountains in this vicinity, delight-\\nful views are obtained. Deerfield\\nMountain is 700 feet above the\\nplain. Sugar Loaf Mountain rears\\nits conical peak of red sandstone 500\\nfeet above the river, and overlooks\\nthe ground of many sanguinary\\nbattles between the whites and In-\\ndians. This is a place of great in-\\nterest. While the traveller lingers\\nhere, enjoying the beautiful scene-\\nry, and hospitality of the people of\\ntills quiet town, he cannot fail of\\ncontrasting the present scenes with\\nthose of former j cars particularly\\nwith \\\\h^{ Vit Bloody Brook, xn 1675,\\nwhen a company of 90 young men\\nfrom, the county of Essex were slain\\nby ruthless savages. A monument,\\ncommemorating this event, was\\nerected in 1S38.\\nDeerfield River.\\nThis beautiful and important In-\\ndian stream joins the Connecti-\\ncut between Greenfield and Deer-\\ntield. It rises in the liigh grounds\\nof Windham county, near Strat-\\nton, Dover and Somerset, Ver-\\nmont; and proceeding in a S. E.\\ncourse, it passes through Monroe,\\nFlorida, Rowe, Charlemont, Haw-\\nley, Buckland, Shelburne and Con-\\nway. The most important tributa-\\nries to this stream are Cold river;\\na river from Heath and Coleraine\\none from Leyden, via Greenfield,\\nand a river from Conway. Its whole\\nlength is about 50 miles. In some\\nplaces Deerfield river is rapid, and\\nits banks very precipitous. Its pas-\\nsage through the mountains is verv\\ncurious and romantic.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nDeering, K 11.^\\nHillsborough co., 23 miles S. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 22 N. W. from\\nAmherst. It is diversified with\\nhills and valleys is well watered,\\nand its soil is favorable to the seve-\\nral purposes of agriculture. There\\nare tliree ponds, Dudley, Pecker\\nand Fulton s. The two former are\\nsources of the N. branch of Piscat-\\naquog river. There are some man-\\nufactures in this town, and bricks\\nare mads in a considerable quanti-\\nty. Deering was incorporated Jan.\\n17, 1774. The name was given by\\nGov. John Wentwortb, in honor of\\nhis wife, whose maiden name was\\nDering. The first permanent set-\\ntlement was made in 1765, byAIex-\\nander Robinson. Population, 1S30,\\n1,227.\\nBeer Isle, Me.\\nHancock co. This town is con-\\nstituted of three principal Islands\\nDeer Island, Little Deer Island,\\nand the Isle of Haut, They com-\\nprise about 17,000 acres, and v/ere\\ninhabited before the revolutionaiy\\nwar. Incorporated, 1789. Popu-\\nlation, 1S37, 2,473. The principal\\nisland lies about 2 miles S. W. from\\nSedgewick harbor, and 95 miles E.\\nby S. from Augusta. These islands\\nhave good harbors, and are well lo-\\ncated for the shore fishery. Al-\\nthough they are situated near the\\nsea they produce good crops and\\nwheat.\\nBeer Islaiatis, W. H.\\nIn Connecticut river, between\\nLyman and Barnet, Vt., are five\\nin number,\\n38 acres.\\nThe largest contains\\nDesiaiarSi, Ble.\\nOxford CO. Incorporated, 1S07.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,0\u00c2\u00bb2. It lies S5\\nmiles S. W. by W. from Augusta,\\nabout 28 S. W. from Paris, and 47\\nN. W. from Portland. Denmark is\\nfinely watered by Saco river and\\nseveral beautiful ponds. The prin-\\ncipal business of the inhabitants is\\nagricultural, for which they have\\na fertile soil, and which produced,\\nin 1S37, 2,560 bushels of wheat.\\nDeiaiiis, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. This town crosses\\nthe cape, and was token from Yai\\nmouth in 1793. Population, 1837,\\n2,750. It hes 8 miles E. by N.\\nfrom Barnstable, and 7 W. from\\nHarwich. The first salt produced\\nby solar evaporation in this country\\nwas made in this town, by John\\nSears and others, in 1776. About\\n7,000 tons of shipping belong to this\\ntown, principally engaged in fish-\\ning and coasting, and all manned by\\nnatives of the town. Bass river,\\nri.--ing from a pond, affords a small\\nwater power. 150 ship-masters be-\\nlong to this town, sailing from va-\\nrious ports in the Union, The pro-\\nducts of the cod and mackerel tish-\\ning, in one year, amounted to $50,-\\n899. The manufacture of com-\\nmon salt, Epsom salts, vessels, and\\nlampblack, amounted to ,4p25,975.\\nDeiiaiysvillc, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nbounded on the S. by Cobscook\\nbay, and watered by a river of the\\nsame name. It lies 172 miles E.\\nN. E. from Augusta, and 22 N. E.\\nfrom Machias. Population, 1837,\\nDei-lby, Vt.\\nOrleans co. First settled, 1795.\\nIt is bounded on the N. by Lower\\nCanada, and on the W. by Mem-\\nphremagog lake. Clyde liver, the\\noutlet of Salem pond, affords it a\\ngood water power. This town is\\nvery pleasant, level and fertile\\nit has some manufactures the\\nfarmers are industrious and rear a\\nlarge number of sheep. Derby is\\n50 miles N. N. E. from Monfpe-\\nlier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,469.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nDerby, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. The Indian\\nname of this town was Paugasset.\\nIt was purchased of the Indians,\\nand incorporated in 1675. The sur-\\nface of the t-own is uneven, with\\nsome fertile meadow on the banks of\\nthe rivers. Derby is watered by the\\nHousatonick and Naugatuck rivers.\\nDerby Landing, Smithville and\\nHumphreysville, are the principal\\nplaces of business.\\nThe Landing is on the east side\\nof the Housatonick, just below the\\njunction of that river with the\\nNaugatuck, and is 8 miles N. W.\\nfrom New Haven, and 14 from the\\nmouth of the river at Stratford, on\\nLong Island Sound. Vessels of 10\\nfeet draught of water can pass to\\nthe Landing, fi-om which wood and\\nother commodities are transported\\nby water.\\nSmithville is located in view of\\nthe Landing, and commands a beau-\\ntiful prospect. It has extensive\\nmanufactures of copper, in sheets\\nand wire, augurs, carriage springs\\nand- asletrees, nails and tacks, flan-\\nnels, satinets, and other operations\\nby the waters of the Naugatuck,\\npassing through a canal of about\\na mile in length. This village was\\ncommenced in 1S34, and is very\\nflourishing.\\nHiwiphreysville is located in a\\nsmall valley, on the Naugatuck\\nriver, about 4 miles from the Land-\\ning. The Humphreysville Manu-\\nfacturing Company was incorpora-\\nted in 1810. The building is 4 sto-\\nries high and 100 feet long. In this\\nvillage and around it is some of the\\nmost beautiful and romantic scene-\\nry in New England. This village\\nderived its name from the Hon.\\nDavid Humphreys, a native of\\nDerby, a poet, an aid to Washing-\\nton, and a minister to Spain. He\\ndied at New Haven, February 21,\\n1818, aged 66.\\nDerry, X. H.\\nRockingham co. A fine grazing\\ntownship, taken from Londonderry\\nin 1828. The principal manufac-\\ntures are linen thread and cloth,\\npalm-leaf hats and shoes. The\\nvillage is very handsome, and a\\ngreat thoroughfare for travellers.\\nThe soil is very productive, and the\\ninhabitants are remarkable for their\\nindustry, general wealth and lon-\\ngevity. Derry lies 18 miles W.\\nS. W. from Exeter, and 25 S. E.\\nfrom Concord. Population, 1830,\\n2,176.\\nDexter, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1801. Incorporated,\\n1815. It lies 67 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 35 N. W. from Ban-\\ngor. Population, 1S37, 1,401. Dex-\\nter is a valuable township of land.\\nThe farmers reap a rich reward for\\ntheir labors. In 1837, 7000 bushels\\nof wheat was raised. In this town\\nis a pond covering 500 acres, at\\nthe outlet of which are mills and a\\nbeautiful village.\\nDiamond River, N. H.\\nDiamond river has its principal\\nsource in Diamond pond, in Stew-\\nartstown. From thence it passes\\nthrough Dixville, and after receiv-\\ning several tributaries, falls into the\\nDead river near its junction with\\nthe Margallaway.\\nDigliton, Mass.\\nBristol CO. A port of entry, on\\nthe west side of Taunton river, oppo-\\nsite to Berkley. Population, 1837,\\n1,453. 40 miles S. from Boston, 8\\nS. from Taunton, and 20 N. W. by\\nW. from New Bedford, There are\\nin this place three cotton factories,\\na woolen mill, a furnace, and other\\niron works. Tonnage of the dis-\\ntrict, 9,032 tons. The noted Digh-\\nton Rock, so called, on which are\\ninscriptions difficult to decypher,\\nin fact lies on the Berkley side of\\nthe river. The value of cotton and\\nwoolen goods, boots and shoes,\\npig iron and wooden ware manu-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfactured, and vessels huilt in Digh-\\nton, in one year, was $30,000.\\nDixneia, Me.\\nOxibrd CO. This is a good farming\\ntown on the north bank of ths An-\\ndroscoggin river, 42 miles N. W.\\nby W. from Augusta, and 25 N. by\\nE. from Paris. Incorporated, 1S03.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,148. In 1837,\\n5,522 bushels of wheat was raised\\nin Dixfield.\\nDixmout, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town deriv-\\ned its nam.e from Dr. Elijah Dix,\\nlate of Boston, one of the original\\npropi-ietors, and from a hill or moun-\\ntain in the town, beautifully wood-\\ned to its summit. It is on the height\\nof land between the Kennebec and\\nPenobscot. The surface of the\\ntown is undulating the soil excel-\\nlent and of easy cultivation. It an-\\nnually produces large quantities of\\nhay, some corn, rye and wool.\\nIn l837, a bounty of $649 40 was\\nobtained for raising 932 1-2 bushels\\nof wheat. There is a pond in the\\ntown and some mill privileges.\\nDixmont lies 44 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 24 S. W. from Ban-\\ngor. Incorporated, 1807. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,323.\\nDixville, N. H.,\\nCoos CO., was granted in 1805,\\nto the late Col. Timothy Dix,\\njr., of Boscawen. It comprises\\n31,023 acres of uneven land. Nu-\\nmerous streams meander through\\nthis town from the surrounding\\nheights. Dixville lies about 40\\nmiles N. N. E. from Lancaster.\\n[n 1810 it had a population of 12\\nand in 1830, of only 2.\\nDorcliester, N. II.,\\nGrafton co., is situated on the\\nhighlands between Connecticut\\nand Merrimack rivers, 12 miles\\nfrom the former, and 8 from the\\nlatter. It is 23 miles S. by E.\\nfrom Haverhill, 50 N. W. from\\nConcord, and 90 N. \\\\V. by W. from\\nPortsmouth. The piincipal streams\\nare the S. branch of Baker s river,\\na branch of Mascomy, and Rocky\\nbranch. There are two considera-\\nble ponds, both in the W. part of\\nthe town. The soil in some parts\\nis vei-y fertile paiticularly the in-\\ntervales on the branch of Baker s\\nriver. The highlands are very un-\\neven, and the greater part rocky.\\nFirst settled about the year 1772.\\nPopulation, 1830, 702.\\nDorcliester, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This ancient and\\nrespectable town lies on Dorches-\\nter bay, in Boston harbor, 5 miles S.\\nfrom Boston, and 7 N. E. from Ded-\\nham. Population, 1837, 4,564. It\\nwas first settled by a party of Puri-\\ntans from England. These pilgrims\\nlanded from the ship Mary and\\nJohn, at Nantasket, on the 11th of\\nJune, 1630, and on the 17th day of\\nthat month they located themselves\\nat the Indian Mattapan, and called\\nit Dorchester, in honor of their pi-\\nous and learned friend, the Rev.\\nJohn White, of Dorchester, 120\\nmiles W. from London. The town\\nwas incorporated on the 7th of\\nSeptember following, and included\\nmost of the territory of the towns\\nof Milton, Canton, Stoughton, Sha-\\nron, and that part of Boston on which\\nstand Dorchester Heights, me-\\nmorable for their sudden conversion\\ninto a fortress, for the protection of\\nBoston harbor, by order of Wash-\\nington, on the night of March 4,\\n1776. These lands were obtained\\nfjom the Indians by purchase, not\\nby combat. The present limits of\\nthe town are about 6 by 3 1-2\\nmiles. Dorchester furnished pio-\\nneers for the settlement of many\\nparts of ihe country. A party from\\nthis town crossed the trackless wil-\\nderness in 14 days, and settled Hart-\\nford, on Connecticut river, in 1635.\\nIn 1695, another party emigrated\\nfrom this place, and settled Dor-\\nchester, in South Carolina, and af-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nterwards Medway, in Georgia. The\\nsoil of Dorchester is rocky, but ve-\\nry fertile and under a high state of\\ncultivation. It is exceedingly pro-\\nductive, particularly of vegetables,\\nfruits and flowers. Its surface is\\ngreatly variegated, presenting a\\ncontinual succession of picturesque\\nand delightful views of the coun-\\ntry, city, and sea. Its hill-tops and\\nvalleys ^are decked with farm hou-\\nses and tasteful villas, and no where\\ncan be found the union of town and\\ncountry enjoyments more complete.\\nThe beautiful Neponset washes the\\nwhole of the southern border of\\nthe town, and besides its navigable\\nprivileges, affords it a large and val-\\nuable water power. The first wa-\\nter mill in America was erected in\\nthis town, in 1633 and here, about\\nthe same time, the cod fishery, the\\nboast of New England, was first\\ncommenced. There are now 4 ves-\\nsels employed in the whale, and 16\\nin the cod and other fisheries. To-\\ntal tonnage, 2,210 tons. Capital\\ninvested,^ $190,000. Product, in\\none year, $138,349. The manu-\\nfactures of Dorchester consist of\\ncotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, pa-\\nper, cabinet w^are, block tin, tin\\nware, leather, wearing apparel,\\nsoap, candles, chocolate, and play-\\ning cards the aggregate amount of\\nwhich, in one year, was $457,400.\\nThe first settlers of Dorchester\\ncame a regularly organized church,\\nwith its pastor and officers. They\\nsoon erected a house of public wor-\\nship but it is a singular fact that\\nnone can tell the precise spot\\nwhere the first meeting-house was\\nlocated, nor does a single stone re-\\nmain to designate the site of the\\noriginal burying ground. There\\nare, however, some mementos of\\nolden times. The earliest date in\\nthe present ancient cemetery that\\ncan be distinctly traced,is 1644. We\\ncopy the following from among ma-\\nny singular effusions, found on the\\ngrave-stones in that cemetery, in\\ncommemoration of the dead.\\nHere lies our Captain and Major of\\nSuffolk was witlial,\\nA Godly Magistrate was he and Ma-\\njor General,\\nTwo troops of horse with him here\\ncame, such worth his love did crave,\\nTen companies of foot also, mourning\\nmarched to his grave.\\nLet all that read be sure to keep the\\nfaith as he has done 5\\nWith Christ he lives now crowned, his\\nname was Humphrey Atherton.\\nOn the grave of three brothers, by\\nthe name of Clarke.\\nHere lies three Clarks, their accounts\\nare even.\\nEntered on earth, carried up to heav-\\nen.\\nJohnson, in his Wonder Work-\\ning Providence, thus speaks of\\nDorchester in 1654.\\nThe forme of this Towne is al-\\nmost like a Serpent turning her\\nhead to the Northward over\\nagainst Tompson s Island, and the\\nc astle, her body and wings being\\nchiefly built on, are filled some-\\nwhat thick of Houses, onely that\\none of her Wings is clift, herTayle\\nbeing of such large extent that\\nShee can hardly draw it after her.\\nHer houses for dwelling are about\\none hundred and forty Orchards\\nand Gardens, full of Fruit-trees,\\nplenty of Corne Land, although\\nmuch of it hath been long in tillage,\\nyet hath it ordinarily good crops\\nthe number of trees are near upon\\n1500. Cowes and other Cattell of\\nthat kinde about 450. Thus hath\\nthe Lord been pleased to increase\\nhis poore dispersed people, whose\\nnumber in this Flock are n.ear about\\n150. Their first Pastor called to\\nfeede them was the Reverend and\\ngodly Mr. Maveruck.\\nAmong the first settlers of Dor-\\nchester was George Minot, a rul-\\ning elder of the church for thirty\\nyears. He erected a dwelling-house\\nin that part of Dorchester where\\nthe pleasant village of Neponset\\nnow stands. That house is now\\nstanding, and is doubtless one of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe oldest houses in the country.\\nIt is in good repair, and has ever\\nremained in possession of Mr. P^Ii-\\nnot s lineal descendants. Mr. Mi-\\nnot died December 24, 1671, aged\\n78. This house is more celebrated\\nfor the female heroism displayed\\nwithin its walls, than for its anti-\\nquity. A pai ty of Narraganset In-\\ndians, hunting on the borders of Ne-\\nponset river, stopped at elder Mi-\\nnot s house and demanded food and\\ndrink. On being refused they\\nthreatened vengeance, and the sa-\\nchem, or chief of the party, left an\\nIndian in ambush to watch an op-\\nportunity to effect it. Soon after,\\nin the absence of all the family,\\nexcept a young woman and two\\nsmall children, the Indian attacked\\nthe house and fired at the young-\\nwoman, but missed his mark. The\\ngirl placed the children under two\\nbrass kettles and bade them be si-\\nlent. She then loaded Mr. Minot s\\ngun and shot the Indian in the\\nshoulder. He again attacked the\\nhouse, and in attempting to enter\\nthe window, the girl threw a shovel\\nfull of live coals into his face and\\nlodged them in liis blanket. On\\nthis the Indian fled. The next day\\nhe was found dead in the woods.\\nThe Indian s name was Chicka-\\ntaubut, but not the Narraganset sa-\\nchem of that name. The govern-\\nment of Massachusetts bay present-\\ned this brave young woman with a\\nsilver wristband, on which her name\\nwas engraved, with this motto,\\nShe slew the JVarrhaganset hun-\\nterr\\nDorset, Vt.\\nBennington co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1768, and organized\\nthe following year. Paulet and\\nBattenkill rivers rise in this town,\\nand, with the waters of Otter creek,\\nwhich pass the northern part, afford\\nsome mill privileges,which are used\\nfor manufacturing purposes. There\\nare two mountains partly in this\\ntown, the Dorset and Equinox.\\nThere is a cavern in the south part\\nof the town of some note. It is\\nentered by an aperture nearly 10\\nfeet square, which opens into a\\nspacious room nine rods in length\\nand four wide. At the further end\\nof this apartment are two openings\\nwhich are about 30 feet apart. The\\none on the right is three feet from\\nthe floor, and is about 20 inches by\\nsix feet in length. It leads to an\\napartment 20 feet long, 12 wide and\\n12 high. From this room there is\\nan opening sufhcient to admit a man\\nto pass through sideways about 20\\nfeet, when it opens into a large hall\\n80 feet long and 30 wide. The\\nother aperture from the first room\\nis about as large as a common door,\\nand leads to an apartment 12 feet\\nsquare, out of which is a passage to\\nanother considerable room, in which\\nis a spring of water. This cavern\\nis said to have been explored 40 or\\n50 rods without arriving at the end.\\nDorset lies 26 miles N. from Ben-\\nnington and 91 S. S. W. from Mont-\\npelier. Population, 1830, 1,507.\\nDouglas, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town lies\\n47 miles W. S. W. from Boston, 17\\nS. E. from Worcester, and 21 N.\\nW. from Providence. Population,\\n1830, 1,742. Here is good mead-\\now land, iron ore, and valuable\\nwater privileges on Mumford river.\\nIn this town was manufactured, in\\n1836, $55,000 value of cotton goods;\\nboots and shoes, $5,250 leather,\\n$1,500 and $116,400 of axes and\\nhatchets besides large quantities\\nof hatchet handles and shoe lasts.\\nIncorporated, 1731.\\nDover, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. Bounded N. by\\nPiscataquis river, S. by Garland,\\nW. by Sangerville and E. by Atkin-\\nson. It lies 77 miles N. by E. from\\nAugusta, and about 35 miles N. W.\\nfrom Bangor. Incorporated, 1822.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,042. Dover is\\nthe shire town of this new county.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand remarkable for its beauty. It\\nproduced, in 1837, 10,290 bushels\\nof wheat.\\nDover, N. H.\\nThis is one of the roost interest-\\ning and important towns in New\\nHampshire. It is one of the county\\ntowns of Strafford county, and lies\\n40 miles E. from Concord, 12 N.\\nW. by N. from Portsmouth, and 45\\nS. W. from Portland. Population,\\n1830, 5,549. The principal streams\\nof Dover, are the Cocheco, and\\nBellamy Bank, or Back river. They\\ntake a S. E. course through the\\ntown, and unite with other waters\\nto form the Piscataqua.\\nCocheco, or Quochecho river,\\nhas its rise from several small\\nstreams in New Durham, which\\nunite in Farmington, whence the\\nriver meanders through Rochester,\\nthere receiving the Isinglass, a trib-\\nutary, and thence passes through\\nDover into the Newichwannock,nr\\nSalmon Fall river, the principal\\nbianch of the Piscataqua. The\\nCocheco is a beautiful river, and\\nvery important to the inhabitants of\\nRochester and Dover. Passing over\\nthis town in any direction, the trav-\\neller finds no rugged mountains, nor\\nextensive bariyin plains, but occa-\\nsionally ascends gentle swells of\\nland, fro.m the height of which the\\neye meets some delightful object;\\na w inding stream, a well cultivated\\nfarm, or a distant village. In the\\nS. part of the town is a neck of\\nland about 2 miles long and half a\\nmile broad, having Piscataqua on\\none side, and Back river on the\\nother. From the road on either\\nhand, the land gradually descends\\nto the rivei s. It commands a very\\ndelightful, variegated, and exten-\\nsive prospect of bays, adjacent\\nshores, and distant mountains. On\\nthis neck the first settlement of\\nthe town was made, in 1623, by a\\ncompany in England, whose dt-ign\\nit was to plant a colony, and estab-\\nlish a fishery around the Piscata-\\nqua for which purpose they sent\\nover, with several others, Edward\\nand William Hilton, fishmongers,\\nof London. These men commenced\\ntheir operations on the Neck at a\\nplace by the Indians called Wini-\\nchaJianat ,whichthey caWed jYorth-\\nam, and afteiwards Dover, For\\nseveral years, this spot embraced\\nthe principal part of the population\\nof the town here was erected the\\nfirst meeting-house, afterwards sur-\\nrounded with an entrenchn^ent, and\\nflankarts, the remains of which are\\nstill visible here the people as-\\nsembled to worship, and to transact\\ntheir public business. In process\\nof time, the business and popula-\\ntion of the town began to centre\\naround Cocheco falls, about 4 miles\\nN. V/. from the neck. These fit! Is\\nare in the river whose name they\\nbear, and give to the water that pas-\\nses over them a sudden descent of\\n32 1-2 feet. Situate at the head of\\nnavigation, about 12 miles from the\\nocean, having a fertile country on\\nthe north, west, and south, they are\\nconsidered among the most valu-\\nable in New England. Around\\nthese falls the beautiful village of\\nDover is situated, containing many\\nhandsome buildings.\\nThe Dover Cotton Factory Com-\\npanj, at Cocheco falls,- was incor-\\nporated in 1820. They have one\\nbrick mill of 420 feet by 45, 7 stories\\nhigh, and two otlier mills of the\\nsame material, 154 by 43 feet, one\\n5 and the other 6 stoiies high.\\nThese mills contain 25,040 spindles\\nand 768 looms, and manufacture an-\\nnually 5,000,000 yards of cotton\\ncloth the principal part of which\\nis bleached, and printed into calico\\nby the company. This company\\nemploy a capital of more than a\\nmillion of dollars, and about 1,000\\npersons. There are other manu-\\nfacturing establishments at Dover,\\nbut this i? the principal.\\nA society of Friends was estab-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlished here at an earlj^ period, and\\nformerly comprised about one third\\nof the population.\\nA congregational church was or-\\nganized in 1638. A Mr. Leverich,\\na worthy puritan, was their first\\nminister, and probably the first or-\\ndained minister that preached the\\ngospel in New Hampshire. Mr.\\nLeverich soon removed, and until\\nthe settlement of the pious Daniel\\nMaud, in 1642, the church was\\nmuch oppressed by the bad charac-\\nter of their ministers.\\nThe Rev. Jeremy Belkt*^ap,\\nI). D. the celebrated historian of\\niMew Hampshire, was ordained in\\nthis town in 1767. He removed to\\nBoston, and was settled there April\\n4, 1787. He died in Boston, June\\n20, 1798, aged 54.\\nThis town in its early years was\\ngreatly frequented by the Indians\\nand experienced many sufferings\\nin their repeated attacks upon the\\ninhabitants. In 1675, Maj. Wal-\\ndron by a stratagem secured about\\n200 Indians at Dover, who had at\\ntimes exhibited signs of hostility.\\nSeven or eight of them, who had\\nbeen guilty of some atrocities, were\\nimmediately hanged, and the rest\\nsold into slavery. The Indians\\nabroad rega-ded this act of Waldron\\nas a breach of faith, and swore\\nagainst him implacable revenge.\\nIn 1689, after a lapse of 13 yea^rs,\\nthey determined to execute their\\nproject. Previous to the fatal night\\n(27th of June) some hints had been\\nthrown out by the squaws, but they\\nwere either misunderstood or dis-\\nregarded and the people sufiered\\nthem to sleep in their garrisons as\\nusual. In the stillness of night the\\ndoors of the garrisons were opened,\\nand the Indians, at a concerted sig-\\nnal, rose from their lurking places,\\nand rushed upon the defenceless in-\\nhabitants. Waldron, though 80 years\\nof age, made a gallant defence, but\\nwas overwhelmed by the superior\\nnumbers of his adversaries, who\\nliterally cut hirn to pieces. In this\\naffair, 23 persons svere killed, and\\n29 made prisoners. The Indians\\nwere soon overtaken and nearly the\\nwhole party destroyed.\\nDover, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town was a\\npart of Wardsborough, until 1810.\\nIt lies 12 miles N. Vv. from Brattle-\\nborough, 17 N. E. from Benning-\\nton, and 120 S. by W. from Mout-\\npelier. The land in Dover is high\\nand uneven more fit for pastur-\\nage than tillage. It is the source\\nof several branches of VVest, and a\\nbranch of Deerfield river. Ser-\\npentine and chlorite slate are found\\nhere. Population, 1830, 831.\\nBover, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Dover lies 5 miles\\nVy\\\\ from Dedham, and 14 S. S. W.\\nfrom Boston. It was taken from\\nDedham in 1784. This town is\\nbounded northeily by Charles river,\\nand in it are manufactures of nails,\\niron hoops and rods, ploughs, brush-\\nes, boots and shoes. Total amount\\nof manufactures in 1836, $99,658,\\nThe surface of Dover is uneven,\\nand a large part of it covered Vvitu\\nwood. Population, 1837, 518.\\nEJo\u00c2\u00ab-ii East, Tile,\\nTVe crave the facor of a letter\\nfrcra our friends Down East.\\nSee Barnard, Me.\\nI raciit, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Dracut is united\\nto Lowell by a bridge over Merri-\\nmack river. The town is pleasant-\\nly situated on the N. side, on the\\nline of N. H., with a tolerable soil\\nand some water power, by Beaver\\nriver. It lies 27 miles N. fiom Eos-\\nton, and 16 N. by E. from Concord.\\nIncorporated, ITOl. Population,\\n1837, 1,898. The manufactures of\\nDracut consist of woolen goods,\\nleather, cutlery, boots and shoes.\\nAnnual amount, exclusive of wool-\\nen goods, about 25,000.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nDresden, Me.\\nLincoln co. On the E. bank of\\nKennebec river, near the head of\\nSwan Island, 9 miles N. W. from\\nWiscasset, 14 S. from Augusta, and\\n59 N. E. from Portland, This is a\\nlarge agricultural township, with\\nsome trade on the river. Previous\\nto the division of the county, in\\n1789, Dresden was the shire town\\nor place where all the courts in\\nMaine were holden, E. of Kenne-\\nbec river. Dresden was incorpo-\\nrated as a town in 1794. Popula-\\ntion, 1S37, 1,570.\\nDre%vsville, N. H.\\nSee TValjiole,\\nDviljlin, ]^f. H.\\nCheshire co. It is 10 miles E.\\nby S. from Keene, and 50 S. W.\\nfrom Concord. Dublin is situated\\non the heio-htof land between Con-\\nnecticut and Merrimack rivers. Its\\nstreams are small those on the W.\\nside run into the Ashuelot, those on\\nthe E. into Contoocook river. The\\nrain which falls on the roof of the\\nchurch is shared by the rivers.\\nThere is a pond near the middle of\\nthe town called Centre pond, one\\nmile in length and about the same\\nin breadth. A large portion of the\\nGrand Monadnock lies in the N. W.\\npart of Dublin, and near the cen-\\ntre of the town is Breed s moun-\\ntain. Monadnock was formerly co-\\nvered with a growth of small tim-\\nber and shrubbery, but tires hav-\\ning run over it at different times,\\nit presents little more than ragged\\nrocks. Between the rocks, how-\\never, there are low whortleberry\\nbushes, which produce great quan-\\ntities of fruit of a very rich flavor.\\nThe season for ripening is the lat-\\nter part of August, and to those\\nwho ascend the summit at this sea-\\nson they are peculiarly grateful.\\nThis mountain is not difficult of ac-\\ncess. The view from its summit\\nis sublime. Its height is 3,718 feet\\nabove the level of the sea. The\\n11\\nland in general is much better for\\ngrazing than tillage. The late Rev.\\nEdward Sprague bequeathed near-\\nly 8,000 dollars for the support of\\npublic schools, the annual interest\\nof which is to be applied to this ob-\\nject. He also left the town $5,000,\\nthe interest of which, paid quarter-\\nly, is to be applied to the support\\nof an ordained congregational min-\\nister, who shall statedly preach in\\nDublin. The first settlements were\\nin 1762, by John Alexander, and\\nothers. Population, 1S30, 1,218.\\nDudley, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This good farm-\\ning town was called by the Indians\\nChahanaknngkomwn. It is finely\\nwatered by the Qiiinnebaug and\\nother stream?, and possesses excel-\\nlent mill privileges. During the\\nyear ending April 3, 1837, trie val-\\nue of the nian .if.ic ures of Dudley\\namounted to $346,826. The arti-\\ncles manufactured were woolen\\ngoods, leather, sIjoos, scythe snaiths,\\nchairs, and cabinet ware. The val-\\nue of wool grown was .$1,585.\\nDudley lies 55 miles S. W. from\\nBoston, IS S. from Worcester, and\\n34 N. W. from Providence. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1731. Population, 1837, 1,415.\\nDuke s County, Ma ,s.\\nEdgarton is the county town.\\nThis county is formed of the islands\\nof Martha s Vineyard, Chappequid-\\ndic, Elizabeth Islands, and No\\nMan s Land\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the latter of which\\nis the southern extremity of Mas-\\nsachusetts. These islands lie off\\nand S. of Barnstable county and\\nBuzzard s bay, and contain about\\n120 square miles. The principal\\nisland, Martha s Vineyard, the In-\\ndian J\\\\ ope, or Capaivock, was first\\nsettled by the whites, at Edgarton,\\nin 1641, and is 21 miles in length\\nand 6 in breadth. Although a large\\nportion of this county is Avoodhmd,\\nand many of the people engaged\\nin the fisheries and coasting trade,\\nyet considerable exports are annu-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nally made of wool, v/oolen cloth,\\nsalt and grain. This county suffer-\\ned much during the revolutionnry\\nwar. In 1778, the people were\\ncompelled to surrender their lire\\narms and 2,300 head of cattle to the\\nBritish. Incorporated, l( y5. Pop-\\nulation, 1S20, 3,2 /2; 1830,3,518;\\n1837, 3,735: 32 inhabitants to a\\nsquare rnile. There were on these\\nislands, in 1S37, 11,281 sheep.\\n\u00c2\u00a9miinier, K. II.,\\nCoos CO., is bounded N by Mills-\\nfield and Errol, and comprises 23,-\\n040 acres. it was granted March\\n8, 1773, and is watered by the Am-\\nmonoosuck and Androscoggin.\\nPopulation, 1830, G5.\\nUiisiaMicrstosi, Vt.\\nWindham co. West river passes\\nthrough this town and gives it a\\ngood v/ater power. The surface is\\nrough and hilly, but adapted to graz-\\ning. Black mountain, near tiie cen-\\ntre, is a vast body of granite. Good\\nslate for buildings, and primitive\\nliineslone ai-e found. There are in\\nDummerston some manufacturing\\nconcerns. and a considerable nuxiiber\\nof sheep. Population, 1330, 1,592:\\n90 miles S. from Montpelier, and 8\\nS. E. from Newfanc.\\nUiiiiUjartcii, K. H.\\nMerrimack co. This town lies\\n9 miles S. W. from Concoid, and 7\\nS. E. fj om Hopkiajon. Population,\\n1830, 1,0G7. The situation of the\\ntoAvn is somewhat elevated, though\\nthere are but fav/ hiiis, nor anv\\nmountains. The air is clear, the\\nwater is good, and the health of its\\ninhabitants is seldom interrupted by\\nsickness. The soil is good, pecu-\\nliarly suited for corn, wheat and or-\\ncharding. Almost every lot in town\\nis capable of m.aking a good farm.\\nThe farmei-s here have good build-\\nings and are excellent husbandmen.\\nThe advantages in point of water\\nprivileges arc not great. The in-\\nhabitants are principally Uviscend-\\nants of Scotch Irish, so called, from\\nthe North of Ireland. Their pos-\\nterity still retain many traits of\\ncharacter peculiar to that people.\\nDunbartcn was granted in 1751, to\\nArchibald Stark and others. Its\\npresent name is deiived fiom Bum-\\nbarton, in Scotland, from whence\\nStark emigrated. The lirst settle-\\nment was made about 17-19. Wil-\\nliam Stinson, born in Ireland, came\\nto Londonderry with his father. He\\nwas much respected and was a use-\\nful man. James Rogers was from\\nIreland, and father toMajor Robert\\nRogers. Me was shot in the woods,\\nbeing niistaken fo! a bear.\\nBxiniiioi-e Italic, Vt.\\nSee Salisbury.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Biiii3tal le, JJass.\\nMiddlesex co. Nashua river wa-\\nters the N. W. part of the town,\\nand passes into Nashua, N. H. The\\nsurface of the town is level some\\npart of it is good land, but general-\\nly it is light and sandy. It has no\\nmanufactures, and only 315 sheep.\\nPopuhition, 1837, 570. Incorpora-\\nted, leSo. Dunstable lies 27 miles\\nN. W. from Boston, IS N. by W.\\nfrom Concord, and 6 S. from Nashua.\\nDiii-Iiani, Me.\\nCumberland co. Located on the\\nS. side of Androscoggin river, and\\nunited v.ith Lisbon by a bridge.\\nThis is a township of good land, and\\nfarming is the piincipal occupation\\nof the inhabitants. Durham lies\\n25 miles N. from Portland and 31\\nS. W. from Augusta. Population,\\n1837, 1,832. Incorporated, 1789.\\nStratford co., is 32 miles E. by\\nS. from Concord, 11 N. W. from\\nPortsmouth, and 7 S. fiom Dover.\\nPopulation, 1830,1,606. The situ-\\nation of this town, upon tlie Piscat-\\naqua and its branches, is very favor-\\nable both as to water power and\\ntransportation. Oyster river, one of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe branches of the Piscataqua, is-\\nsues from Wheelwright s pond, in\\nLee, and after running nearly its\\nwhole course in Durham, furnishing\\nin its progress several convenient\\nmill seats, falls into the main river\\nnear Piscataqua bridge. This bridge\\nis 2,600 feet in length and 40 in\\nwidth. It cost $65,400. The tide\\nflows in this branch of the river up\\nto the falls near the meeting-house\\nin the village, where business to a\\nlarge amount is annually transacted.\\nThis village is a very central depot\\nfor the lumber and produce of the\\nadjacent country. Lamprey river,\\nanother branch of the Piscataqua,\\nruns through the westerly part of\\nthis town, over several falls remark-\\nably well adapted for mill seats, into\\nthe town of New Market, wheie it\\nfalls into the Great Bay. Upon both\\nsides of Oyster river, a deep argil-\\nlaceous loam prevails, which is pe-\\nculiarly favorable to the production\\nof the grasses, of which very heavy\\ncrops are cut, and hay is an article\\nof considerable export. Extensive\\nledges of excellent granite, with\\nwhich this town abounds, have been\\nthe source of much profitable em-\\nployment to the inhabitants. A\\nlarge block of detached granite in\\nthe southeast part of this town was\\nformerly placed in a very singular\\nsituation. Its weight was 60 or 70\\ntons, and it was poised so exactly\\nupon two other stones as to be visi-\\nbly moved by the wind. It was\\nsome years since dislodged from\\nthis extraordinary position by the\\nbarbarous curiosity of some visit-\\nors. Durham was originally a part\\nof Dover; but soon after its settle-\\nment was formed into a distinct par-\\nish by thf. name of Oyster river,\\nfrom the stream which passes\\nthi-ough it. From the abundance\\nof excellent oysters found in its\\nwaters, this river probably derived\\nits name, and it was a famous ren-\\ndezvous of the Indians. For many\\nyears this place suffered exceeding-\\nly by Indian depredations and mur-\\nders. In 1694, when a large part\\nof the inhabitants had marched to\\nthe westward, the Indians, who\\nwere dispersed in the woods about\\nOyster river, having diligently ob-\\nseived the number of men in one\\nof the garrisons, rushed upon eigh-\\nteen of them, as they were going\\nto their morning devotions, and hav-\\ning cut oil their letreat to the house,\\nput them all to death except one,\\nwho fortunately escaped. They\\nthen attacked the house, in which\\nthere were only two boys, beside\\nthe women and children. The\\nboys kept them off for some time\\nand wounded several of them. At\\nlength the Indians set fire to the\\nhouse and even then the boys would\\nnot surrender till the Indians had\\npromised to spare their lives. The\\nlatter, however, perfidiously mur-\\ndered three or four children, one\\nof whom they fixed upon a sharp\\nstake in the view of its mother.\\nThe next spring the Indians nar-\\nrowly watched the fiontiers, to de-\\ntermine the safest and most vul-\\nnerable points of attack. The\\nsettlement at Oyster river was se-\\nlected for destruction. Here were\\ntwelve garrisoned houses, amply\\nsufficient for the reception of the\\ninhabitants; but not apprehending\\nany danger, many of the families\\nremained in their unfortified houses,\\nand those who were in the garrisons\\nwere indifferently prepared for a\\nsiege, as they were destitute of\\npowder. The enemy approachc\\nthe place undiscovered and halted\\nnear the falls. One John Dean,\\nwhose house stood near the falls,\\nhappening to rise very early for a\\njourney before the dawn of day,\\nwas shot as he came out of his\\ndoor. The attack now commenced\\non all points where the enemy was\\nready. The enemy entered the\\nhouse of a Mr. Adams without\\nresistance, where they murdered\\nfourteen persons, whose graA cs can\\nstill be traced. The house of John\\nBuss, the minister, was destroyed", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntogether with his valuable library.\\nHe was absent at the time, and his\\nwife and family fled to the woods.\\nMany other cruelties were perpe-\\ntrated, when the Indians, fearing\\nthat the inbabitantsfrom the neigh-\\nboring settlements would collect\\nagainst them, retreated, having\\nkilled or captured between 90 and\\n100 persons, and destroyed 20\\nhouses, 5 of wliich were garrisoned.\\nMinute accounts of these disasters\\nare given in Belknap s valuable His-\\ntory of New Hampshire, to which\\nthe reader is referred. Tbe first\\npreacher who statedly officiated in\\nDurham was John Buss; but he\\nnever was ordained. He died 1736,\\nat the age of 108. Rev. Hugh\\nAdams settled March 28, 1718.\\nMaj. Gen. John Sullivan of\\nthe revolutionary army, was a res-\\nident of this town, and died here\\nJan. 23, 1795. He was a native of\\nBerwick, Me. was a distinguished\\ncommander during the war was\\npresident of the state three years,\\nand afterwards district judge of\\nNew Hampshire. On all occasions\\nhe proved liimself the firm support-\\ner of the rights of the country.\\n!Dur3iai\u00c2\u00bb, Ct.\\nMiddlesex co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1698. Its Indian\\nname was Coginchaug. It lies 7\\nmiles S. by W. from Middletown,\\nand 20 S. from Hartford. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,116. Agriculture is\\nthe principal employment of the\\npeople of JDurham, for which they\\nhave rather an uneven but fertile\\nsoil. This town has been distin-\\nguished many years for a very fine\\nbreed of cattle. Two oxen, pre-\\nsented by some of the inhabitants to\\nGeneral Washington, furnished a\\ndinner for all the officers of the\\nAmerican army at Valley Forge,\\nand all their servants. These oxen\\nwere driven almost five hundred\\nmiles, through a country nearly ex-\\nhausted of its forage yet one of\\nthem, a steer, five years old, weigh-\\ned two thousand two hundred and\\nseventy pounds.\\nCapt. Israel Camp, a noted psalm-\\nodist died in Durham, in 1778.\\nDuston s Islaiitl, H.\\nThis small island in the Merrimack\\nat the mouth of Contoocook river,\\nbetween Concord and Boscawen,\\nhas become celebj-ated on account\\nof an exploit of a lady whose name\\nit bears. On the 15th March, 1698,\\nthe Indians made a descent on Ha-\\nverhill, Mass. where they took Mrs.\\nHannah Duston, who was confined\\n1o her bed witii an infant only six\\ndays old, and attended by her nurse,\\nMary NifT. The Indians took Mrs.\\nDuston from her bed and carried\\nher away with the nurse and infant.\\nThey soon despatched the latter by\\ndashing its head against a tree.\\nWhen they had proceeded as far as\\nthis island, which has been justly\\ncalled Duston s island, on their way\\nto an Indian town situate a consid-\\nerable distance above, the Indians\\ninformed the women that they must\\nbe stripped and run the gauntlet\\nthrough the villaoe on their arrival.\\nMrs. Duston and her nurse had\\nbeen assigned to a family consist-\\ning of two stout men, three women,\\nand seven children, or young In-\\ndians, besides an English boy who\\nhad been taken from Worcester.\\nMrs. Duston, aware of the cruel-\\nties that awaited her, formed the\\ndesign of exterminating the whole\\nfamily, and prevailed upon the\\nnurse and the boy to assist her in\\ntheir destruction. A little before\\nday, finding the whole company in\\na sound sleep, she awoke her con-\\nfederates, and with the Indian\\nhatchets despatched ten of the\\ntwelve. One of the women whom\\nthey thought they had killed made\\nher escape, and a favorite boy they\\ndesignedly left. Mrs. Duston and\\nher companions arrived safe home\\nwith the scalps, though their dan-\\nger from the enemy and from fam-\\nine in travelling so far, must have", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbeen great. The general court of\\nMassachusetts made her a grant of\\n\u00c2\u00a350, and she received many other\\nvaluable presents.\\nDwxl Tiry, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town lies\\non the S. side of Onion river, and is\\nwatered bv several of its branches.\\nThe land along Onion river is good,\\nhut the greater part of the township\\nis mountainous and unht for culti-\\nvation. Duxbury lies 12 miles\\nfrom Montpelier. First settled,\\n17S6. Population, 1S30, 651.\\nDuxlJiiry, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town lies on\\nMassachusetts bay in Plymouth har-\\nbor It is 29 miles S. E. trom Bos-\\nton and 6 N. from Plymouth. Dux-\\nbury aflTords some good land, a good\\nwater power and a great variety ot\\nscenery. Its Indian name was Mat-\\naheeset. Ship buikling, the coasting\\ntrade and fisheries is the chief busi-\\nness of the place. In 1837, it had\\n46 vessels employed in the cod and\\nmackerel fishery, the product ol\\nwhich amounted to $69,543. al-\\nue of vessels built, $169,048. The\\nvalue of woolen cloth, leather,boots\\nshoes, salt, iron, brass castings and\\ntinware manufactured, amounted to\\n4il05 787. Some attention is paid\\nhere to rearing sheep, and the man-\\nufacture of cordage.\\nThere is in Duxbury an apple tree\\nnoted for its a^e, size and fruitful-\\nness. It is upwards of a hundred\\nyears old. It is forty feet in height,\\nand itscircuiT l-ercnce, eight inches\\nfrom the around, is 16 feet. Its\\nfruit, in one year, has made 10 bar-\\nrels of cider, besides 30 hushels for\\nthe cellar. Population, 1S37,2,7 J.\\nDyer s Bay, Me.\\nSee Steuhen.\\nEagle Lalce, Me.\\nThis large lake is in the county\\nof Penobsc ot, between the Aroos-\\ntook and St. John s rivers. It is\\n11*\\nconnected with some lakes of smal-\\nler size. The general outlet is north\\nby Chipquedopskook river, about 14\\nmiles in length, into the river St.\\nJohn. Great quantities of logs arc\\ntaken to this outlet, sawed and sent\\nto New Brunswick.\\nEast Briilgewatev, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town lies on\\na branch of Taunton river, and was,\\nuntil 1S23, a part of the ancient\\nBrido-ewater. It is 24 miles S, by\\nE. ir^m Boston and 17 S. W. from\\nPlymouth. Population, 1830, 1,653\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00941837, 1,927. East Bridge water\\nhas a good water power, and man-\\nufactm-ed the year ending April 1,\\n1837, .$414,044 value of goods. 1 he\\narticles consisted of cotton goods,\\nboots, shoes, leather, bar iron, nails,\\ntacks, lead pipe, chaises, window\\nblinds, sashes and shoe boxes.\\nEastljrooli, Me.\\nPlancock co. Incorporated, 1837.\\nSee Down East.\\nEast GreciiAvicli, R. I.\\nShire town of Kent co. This\\ntown was incorporated in 1677, and\\nis pleasantly located on Narragan-\\nset bay, 13 miles S. from Provi-\\ndence, and comprises an excellent\\nharbor for ships of 500 tons burthen.\\nA number of vessels are owned\\nhere, and the coasting trade and\\nt^^heries give employment to many\\nof the inhabitants. The town is\\nwatered by Maskachug and Hunt s\\nrivers, on which are cotton nulls\\nand other manufactories. The soil\\nof the tovm is rather rough and\\nstony, but it yields good crops of\\ncorn, barley and potatoes. East\\nGreenwich is noted for excellent\\nfruit and cider.\\nThe Kentish Guards was es-\\ntablished here in 1774, and proved\\na nursery of distinguished officers,\\nof which the celebrated General\\nNathaniel Greene was one. Across\\nthe bay, to Bristol, is about 8 milos.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,591.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nEast Haddam, Ct.\\nMiddlesex co. A town of con-\\nsiderable trade and manufacturing\\nenterprise, on the east side of the\\nConnecticut, and at the outlet of\\nSalmon river. It lies 18 miles above\\nthe moutli of Connecticut river, 14\\nbelow Middletown, and 30 S. S. E.\\nfrom Hartford. The soil is hilly and\\nrocky, and more fit for grazing than\\ntillage. Considerabie business is\\ndone here in the shad fishery. It is\\nsupposed that more leather is made\\nin this than in any other tov/n in the\\nstate. This place has line water\\nprivileges, both for navigation and\\nmanufactures. A short distance from\\nthe centre of the town is a pond\\ncovering 1,000 acres. On the river\\nformed by the outlet of this pond,\\nthe water is precipitated over rocks\\nnearly 70 feet perpendicular. The\\nscenery around these falls is beau-\\ntiful, and Vv orthy of particular no-\\nlice.\\nThere are 6 cotton mills in East\\nHaddam, two of which manufac-\\nture twine.\\nLeesville, on Salmon river, and\\nMechanicsville, on Moodus river,\\na branch of Salmon river, are very\\nflourishing settlements.\\nThis place, the Indian Macki-\\nmoodus, is remarkable for frequent\\nslight shocks of earthquakes, pro-\\nducing singular noises, which the\\nIndians attributed to the anger of\\ntheir gods towards the white^men.\\nIt is said that some valuable geolo-\\ngical discoveries have recently been\\nmade in this quarter. The town\\nwas first settled in lG85,but not in-\\ncorporated until 1724. Population,\\nin 1835, about 3,000. This is the\\nbirth place of many distinguished\\nmen. The venerable Nathaniel\\nEmmons, D. D., of Franklin, Mass.\\nwas born here.\\n1,059. First settled, 1644. Incor-\\nporated, 1646. The product of the\\ncod and mackerel iisbery in 1836,\\nwas $30,900. The value of salt,\\nboots, shoes and palm-leaf hats man-\\nufactured, was {jJ!l0,561.\\nEastliaiiiptoM, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This is a pleas-\\nant town on the YV. side of Connec-\\nticut river. The Hampshire and\\nHampden canal passes through it.\\nIn the year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$40,000 worth of lasting buttons\\nwere manufactured; also cotton\\ngoods, leather, boots and shoes, to\\nthe amount of $15,300 5 miles S.\\nfrom Northampton. Pop. 1837, 793.\\nEast Hartford, Ct.\\nEastliani, Mass.,\\nBarnstable co., on a narrow part\\nof the cape, 23 miles E. by N. from\\nBarnstable. Population in 1837,\\nHartford co. This town is situa-\\nted opposite to Hartford, and con-\\nnected with it by a bridge across\\nConnecticut river. The soil of the\\ntown is generally fertile, but the\\nalluvial meadows on the border of\\nthe river, of which there is a large\\ntract, is of a superior quality. The\\nagricultural products of this town\\nare very considerable. Hackanum\\nriver furnishes the town with a\\ngood water power,on which are val-\\nuable manufacturing establishments\\nparticularly of paper. East Hart-\\nford is noted for its manufactures in\\nformer years. The first powder\\nmill in this country, it is said, was\\nerected here in 1775. Anchors,\\nmill screws, nail rods, gunpowder^\\npaper, snuff and glass were manu-\\nfactured here in 1784. The ea?-ly\\nsettlers found the ferocious and war-\\nlike tribe of Podunk Indians in this\\nneighborhood. One sachem com-\\nmanded two hundred bowmen. This\\nis a very pleasant town. The main\\nstreet, which is very long and v/ide,\\nis delightfully shaded by stately\\nelms. East Hartford was taken\\nfrom Hartford in 1784. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 3,537.\\nEast Haven, Vt.\\nEssex CO. Moose river rises in", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe easterly part of this town and\\nthe Passumpsic passes through the\\nwesterly part. The land is moun-\\ntainous and most of it unfit for cul-\\ntivation. It lies 45 miles N. from\\nMontpelier First settled, 1790.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 33.\\nilBast Haven, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This town was\\ntaken from New Haven, in 1785, and\\nis connected with New Haven by\\nabridge. Population, 1830, 1,229.\\nIt has good navigable privileges,\\nand is watered by Qaianipiac river.\\nIt has some trade, but the principal\\nemployment of the inhabitants is\\nagriculture and fishing.\\nThis was a great resort for the\\nIndians in former years. On Grave\\nHill was an Indian fort and ceme-\\ntery. Bones of Indians of a large\\nsize, and domestic and warlike im-\\nplements for savage use, have been\\nfound here. The Indian Well, in a\\ngranite rock, on an island in Stony\\nriver, is a curiosity. It is about 30\\ninches in diameter, very smooth at\\nthe bottom. It is now about 5 feet\\nin depth, but formerly it was deep-\\ner. It was evidently formed by\\nthe attrition of sand and pebbles\\nwhich passed over this rock, it being\\nat some former period, the bed of\\nthe river. East Haven is pleasant-\\nly located, and commands a fine\\nprospect of Long Island Sound.\\nKast Kingston, N. II.\\nRockingham co. Its soil is of an\\nexcellent quality, and well adapted\\nto the cultivation of grain and grass.\\nPowow river crosses the S. W. part\\nof this town, having its sources in\\nthe ponds of Kingston. The town\\nwas incoi-porated Nov. 17, 173S.\\nRev. Peter Cothn was settled here\\nin 1739. Population, 1S30, 442. It\\nlies 40 miles S. E. by E. from Con-\\ncord, and 20 S. S. W. from Ports-\\nmouth.\\nEast Slaciiias, 5Ie.\\nWashington co. This is a flour-\\nishing town on navigable waters.\\nIt was incorporated in 1S26, and is\\nthe eastern part of Old Machias.\\nIt lies on both sides of East Machi-\\nas river, 149 miles E. by N. from\\nAugusta. Population, 1837, 1,282.\\nEast Machias has a great water\\npower, a large number of mills, and\\na very pleasant village. It is ex-\\ntensively engaged in the lumber\\ntrade.\\nElaston, Mass.\\nBristol CO. Two branches of Taun-\\nton river water this town, on which\\narc a woolen and 4 cotton mills,\\nand various iron works. The man-\\nufactures consist of cotton and wool-\\nen goods, pig iron, iron castings,\\nwire, boots, shoes, shovels, sp ides,\\nforks, hoes, cutlery, palm-leaf l.ats,\\nstraw bonnets, surveyors instru-\\nments and shoe pegs the value\\nof which in one year (exclusive of\\nwoolen cloth, boots and shoes,)\\namounted to 207,100. The manu-\\nfacture of shovels, spades, forks and\\nhoes, amounted to ^108,000. Eas-\\nton lies 22 miles S. from Boston and\\n10 N. by W. from Taunton. In-\\ncorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,\\n1,976.\\nEastport, 7\u00c2\u00bbic.\\nWashington co. The township\\nof Eastport embraces and is consti-\\ntuted of Moose, Dudley s, Frede-\\nrick and Patmos islands, the chief\\nof which, whereon the village of\\nEastport stands, is Moose island, in\\nsight of, and but a short distance\\nfrom, Indian and Campo Bello isl-\\nands, belonging to the British. East-\\nport is a beautiful harbor in Passa-\\nmaquoddy bay, on the eastern boun-\\ndary of the United States, and no-\\nted for smuggling adventures by\\nstrangers visiting the place dur-\\ning the embargo and war. It is\\nabout 7 miles N. by W. from West\\nQuoddy Head, 176 E. by N. from\\nAugusta, and about 30 E.N. E. from\\nMachias. The tide is very rapid,\\nand rises 25 feet. There are two", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlong bridges connecting Moose isl-\\nand with Dennysville and Perry\\neach cost $10,000. Eastport and\\nLubec are the chief towns in Pas-\\nsamaquoddy bay, and are extensive-\\nly engaged in the fisheries, and the\\ntrade of the extensive waters of the\\nriver St. Croix and Bay of Fundy.\\nTonnage of Passamaquoddy bay,\\n10,712. Cobscook Bay und its trib-\\nutary waters, on the west, give to\\nEastport a large trade in lumber.\\nMoose Island contains 2,150 acres\\nof rough land. It was first settled\\nin 1780. In 1790 it contained only\\n244 inhabitants. There are now on\\nthe Island a handsome village, con-\\ntaining 60 wharves, 80 stores, 5\\nmeeting-houses, a United Slates\\ngarrison, and 5,000 inhabitants.\\nEast Windsor, Ct.\\nHartford co. First settled IfiSO.\\nTaken from Windsor, 176S. This\\nis an excellent townsliip of land.\\nIts extensive meadows on the cast\\nside of Connecticut river are of\\nuncommon fertility and beauty.\\nAmong the various agricultural pro-\\nducts vv ith which thii town abounds,\\ntobacco has been cultivated with\\nsuccess, and manufactured. It is\\nsaid that 70,000 bushels of rye has\\nbeen raised in a season. Scantic\\nriver, a considerable mill stream,\\npasses through the north part of\\nthe town, and gives it the name of\\nScantic. The vilhige of iVapping\\nis in the S. E. section of the town.\\nThe principal street, about a mile\\nback of the river, is the village,\\nrunning the whole leno;th of tlie\\ntown, wide, neatly built and beauti-\\nfully shaded. East Windsor lies 8\\nmiles N. from Hartford. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,129.\\nEatoia, K. II.,\\nStrafford co., lies 60 miles N.\\nE. from Concord and 55 N. N. E.\\nfrom Dover, and is bounded E. by\\nMaine. Population, 1830, 1,432.\\nThe soil of the uplands, which are\\nquite uneven, is moderately good.\\nand the plains furnisli excellent\\npine timber. There are several\\nsmall ponds in this town. Eaton\\nwas granted Nov. 7, 1776, to Clem-\\nent March and 65 others.\\nEddingtoii, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town lies on\\nthe east side of Penobscot river, 6\\nmiles above, and N. N. E. from\\nBangor, and 70 N. E. by E. from\\nAugusta. The village is pleasantly\\nsituated at the Bend of the river.\\nTiie soil of the town is good and well\\nwooded. It produced, in 1837, 2,414\\nbushels of wheat. Population, ISS\\n558.\\nEden, Me.,\\nHancock co., situated on the north\\npart of the island of Mount Desert,\\nand taken from the town of Mount\\nDesert (which formerly comprised\\nthe whole island) 1795. First set-\\ntled, 1763. Eden lies 92 miles E.\\nfrom Augusta, and about 18 S. by E.\\nfrom Ellsworth. Population, 1837,\\n1,024. The town has a good soil,\\ngood harbors, and possesses great\\nadvantages for the shore fishery.\\nIt is said that 500 bushels of cran-\\nberries have been picked in Eden\\nin a season. Cranberry isles lie\\non the coast, about 3 miles south.\\nEden, Vt.\\nLamoille co. This township was\\ngranted to Col. Seth Warner and\\nhis associates, our worthy friends,\\nthe officers and soldiers of his regi-\\nment in the line of the continental\\narmy, August 28, 1781. Our\\nfriends, for their patriotic services,\\ncertainly deserved a better town-\\nship than this, for it is mountainous,\\nrocky and cold it is however good\\nfor grazing, and produces some fine\\nbeef cattle and sheep. It is water-\\ned by Green river and Wild Branch.\\nSeveral ponds in the town afford\\ngood fishing. Eden lies 30 miles\\nN. from Montpelier, and is bound-\\ned S. by Hydepark. Population,\\n1830, 461.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nEdgartowiij Mass.\\nDukes CO. County town and\\nport of entry on the island of ]\\\\Iar-\\ntha s Vineyard 91 miles S. E. from\\nBoston, 20 N. W. by W. from Nan-\\ntucket, 28 S. E. by E. from New\\nBedford, 20 S. from Falmouth, and\\n495 from Washington. First set-\\ntled, 1641. Incorporated, 1671.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,625. Edgartown\\n(Old Town) harbor is on the east\\nside of the town, in lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 25 N.;\\nIon. 70\u00c2\u00b0 25 W. This township in-\\ncludes the fertile island of Chappe-\\nquiddick, on the southeast, on which\\nare some Indians. This island is 5\\nmiles in length and 2 1-2 in breadth.\\nIt is very pleasant and forms Old\\nTown harbor. Eight whale ships\\nbelong to this place, and a number\\nof coasting vessels. This is said to\\nbe the only place in the state where\\ngrouse are native. The value of\\nsperm oil imported, in the year end-\\ning April 1, 1837, was ^65,598.\\nThe value of salt, oil casks, ])oats\\nand hats manufactured the same\\nyear, was $7,260. The value of\\nwool, the product of 2,150 sheep,\\nwas $1,590.\\n^Cdgecoml), Me.\\nLincoln co. This town is bound-\\ned by Damariscotta river on the E.\\nand Sheepscot river on the W., and\\nlies nearly opposite to Wiscasset\\nacross the latter river. 26 miles S.\\nS. E. from Augusta. Population,\\n1837, 1,282. This town enjoys\\ngreat facilities for navigation, the\\nfisheries, ship building and the lum-\\nber business. It is a place of con-\\nsiderable trade. First settled, 1744.\\nEdiiibiirgli, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Incorporated, 1835.\\nPopulation, 1837, 89. See Down\\nEast.\\nfidmouds, Me.;\\nWashington co., situated between\\nCobscook bay and East Machias.\\nPopulation, 1837, 205. See Down\\nEast.\\nStrafford co. There are several\\nmountains of considerable elevation\\nin this town. The Ossipee river\\npasses through the town, over which\\nis a toll-bridge. Province pond lies\\nbetween Effingham and Wakelield.\\nEtfingham was settled a few years\\nprior to the revolution. It wag\\nthen known by the name of Lea-\\nvitt s Town. Incorporated, Aug.\\n18, 1773. Effingham borders W.\\non Ossipee lake and E. on Maine.\\nIt lies 58 miles N. E. from Concord\\nand 25 N. E. by E. from Gilford.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,911.\\nI^gremout, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. A mountainous\\ntownship, watered by branches of\\nHousatonick river. Incorporated,\\n1760. 140 miles W. from Boston\\nand 15 S. S. W. from Lenox. Pop-\\nulation, 1S37, 968. The manufdc-\\ntures of Egremont consist of wheat\\nflour, leather, boots, shoes, harness-\\nes, stone, (sawed,) chairs and cab-\\ninet ware. Total amount in one\\nyear, $29,100. Value of 1,790\\nfleeces of wool, $2,770.\\nEliialbeth.,Cape, Me.\\nThis celebrated cape lies in the\\ntown of Cape Elizabeth, and forms\\nthe western limits of Casco bay.\\nNear the point of the cape is a\\nlight-house, 50 feet in height, in\\nN. lat. 43\u00c2\u00b0 33 W. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 11\\nFor the toicn of Cape Eliza-\\nbeth, see Register.\\nElixalieth. Islands, Mass.\\nThese islands are attached to\\nDukes county, and lie between\\nBuzzard s bay and Vineyard sound.\\nThey are 16 in number. The larg-\\nest, Nashawn and Nashawenna, are\\ninhabited. Gosnold, the discoverer\\nof Cape Cod, spent the Avinter of\\n1602-3, on one of these islands.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nEllington, Ct.\\nTolland CO. Ellington was taken\\nfrom East Windsor in 17S6, and was\\nthat part of East Windsor called the\\nGreat Marsh. The soil is light\\nand dry, but considerably fertile.\\nIt is generally level, but the east-\\nern part is hilly and mountainous.\\nFoi-merly the lands in this town\\nwere held in low estimation, but by\\nthe industry of the people in their\\ncultivation they have risen in char-\\nacter and value. The scenery in\\nthis town embraces considerable va-\\nriety and is uncommonly interesting\\nand beautiful. The Ellington\\nSchool for boys, situated in a very\\nneat village, is in high repute. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,455. Ellington lies\\n12 miles N. E. from Hartford, and\\nis bounded S. E. by Tolland.\\nElliot, Me.\\nYork CO. This town lies on the\\nN. W. of Kittery of which it con-\\nstituted a part until 1810. It ad-\\njoins Salmon Fall river on the S.\\nW. by which it is separated fiom\\nNew Hampshire and is bounded\\nN. by South Berwick, and E. by\\nYork. It is a good farming town\\nand probably contains as great a\\nproportion of valuable tillage land\\nas any in the county according to\\nits size. Population, 1837, 1,859.\\nElliot is 108 miles S. W. from Au-\\ngusta.\\nElliotsville, Me.\\nSomerset co. This place is 81\\nmiles from Augusta. See Down\\nEast.\\nEllis Rivers.\\nEllis river, in Maine, is a tribu-\\ntary to the Androscoggin. It rises\\nN. of Rumford, in the county of\\nOxford, and passes through that\\ntown. Ellis river, in JVeto Hamjj-\\nshire, rises on the E. side of the\\nWhite mountains, in several small\\nstreams, near the sources of Pea-\\nbody river, and separating into two\\nstreams which again unite, it fall*\\ninto the Saco at Bartlett.\\nElligo Fond, Vt.\\nThis beautiful sheet of water,\\ntwo miles in length and half a mile\\nin breadth, lies partly in Craftsbury\\nand partly in Greensborough, Or-\\nleans county. Its northern outlet\\npasses to Black river its southern\\nto the Lamoille. There are two\\nsmall islands in the lake. This was\\na favorite resort for the Indians, and\\nnow attracts numerous lovers of tine\\ntrout and delightful scenery to it3\\nborders.\\nEIlsAVortli, Me.\\nChief town of Hancock co. This\\nis a pleasant and flourishing town\\non boih sides of Union river, at the\\nhead of navigation. The village is\\nprincipally on the E. side, where\\nthere is a good bridge across the\\nriver, 3 miles above the entrance\\nof the river into the waters con-\\nnected with Blue Hill bay. The\\ntide rises at the bridge 10 or 12 feet,\\nand Ellsworth possesses an enviable\\nposition for maritime and inland\\ntrade. The location of the courts\\nfor this county was changed from\\nCastine to this place in 1838. The\\ncoui-t house is eligibly situated on\\nthe W. side of the river. Ellsworth\\nis quite an agricultural township.\\nIt has a good soil, and considerable\\nattention is given to the growth of\\nwheat and wool. It lies 81 miles\\nE. by N. from Augusta, and 30 N.\\nE. byE. from Bangor. Population,\\n1830, 1,385\u00e2\u0080\u00941837, 2,195.\\nEllsvvortli, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., is 52 miles N. N.W.\\nfrom Concord and 20 S. E. from\\nHaverhill. Population, 1830, 234.\\nIt is a mountainous tract of territo-\\nry. The most prominent elevation\\nis Carr s mountain. A small stream\\nissues from West Branch pond and\\nruns into the Pemigewasset at\\nCampton. The soil, though in some\\nparts sterile, produces wheat, rye", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEn.\\nand corn. Maple sugar is made I\\nhere, and clover seed is raised in\\nconsiderable quantities. This town,\\nformerly called Trecothick, was\\ngranted May 1, 1769, to Barlow\\nTrecothick.\\nSlmore, Vt.\\nLamoille co. First settled, 1790.\\nElmore lies 16 miles N. from Mont-\\npelier and 10 S. from Hydepark.\\nPopulation, 1830, 442. There are\\nfive ponds in this town, the waters\\nof which, the town beinsj very high,\\ndescend partly to Lamoille and part-\\nly to Onion rivers. Some cattle and\\nsome wool are sent to market.\\niHnilsdeii, Me.\\nSomerset co. A fine township\\nof land with two pleasant villages,\\non the W. side of Kennebec liver.\\nSeven Mile brook passes through\\nthe S. W. corner of the town.\\nEmbden produced, in 1S37, 6,400\\nbushels of wheat and considerable\\nwool. Incorporated, 1804. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,043. It is 46 miles\\nN. N. W. from Augusta and about\\n13 miles N. by W. from Norridge-\\nwock.\\nEnfield, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Incorporated,\\n1S35. See Down East.\\nJEnlield, N. II.\\nGrafton co. Enfield comprises\\n24,060 acres, of which about 2,500\\nacres arc water. It is 10 miles S.\\nE. from Dartmouth College and 40\\nN. W. fi-om Concoi d. Its surface\\nis diversified with hills and valleys,\\nand watered by a vaiiety of ponds\\nand streams, stored with lish of ev-\\nery species coinmon to tlie country.\\nJ.iascomy pond, which has acquir-\\ned from travellers the appellation\\nof Pleasant pond, is a beautiful col-\\nlection of water, 4 miles in length\\nand of various breadth, interspersed\\nwith islands and checkered with\\ninlets. Its eastern banks are cov-\\nered with trees the hills gradually\\nrise one above another for some dis-\\ntance. Along the western bank,\\nbetween the pond and Mont Calm,\\nwithin a few rods of the water, ex-\\ntends the turnpike road, the whole\\ndistance through a beautiful vil-\\nlage, shaded to the N. on either\\nside by a growth of trees. Masco-\\nmy river empties into this pond in\\nthe N. W. part. This pond is sup-\\nposed to have once been much high-\\ner than it now is, and the plain and\\nvillages to the south are supposed\\nto have been the bed of it. This\\nfact is suiTiciently evident from the\\nancient shore still remaining round\\nthe pond, about 30 feet above high\\nwater, and from logs having been\\nfrequently found 12 feet below the\\nsurface of the plain once flowed.\\nOn the W. bank, near the southern\\nextremity, is the Shakers settle-\\nment, situated on a fertile plain.\\nThe structure of the buildings, tho\\nnot lofty, are neat and convenient.\\nThey occupy about 1,000 acres of\\nland, and their number consists of\\nabout 240. They are agricultural-\\nists and mechanics. Garden seeds\\narc grown, and Vvooden v/arc, whips,\\ncorn broon^s, leather, and various\\nother articles, are manufactured by\\nthem with peculiar neatness. See\\nCanterburt/.\\nr^Iountain pond, on the summit of\\nMont Calm, is 200 rods long, and\\n100 wide. At the outlets of ths\\nponds are mills of various kinds.\\nThe town was formerly called liel-\\nhan, and was incorporated by char-\\nter, granted to Jedcdiah Dana and\\nothers, Julv 4th, 1761. Population,\\n1830, 1,492.\\nEnfield, Mass.\\nHampshire co. Swift river pass-\\nes through this town, and adds much\\nto its beauty and importance.\\nThe manufactures of this place, the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, amount-\\ned to $182^669. The articles con-\\nsisted of cotton and woolen goods,\\nleather, boots, shoes, hats, hoes,\\nshingle machines, palm-leaf hats.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwool cards, cotton batting and wick-\\ning. The value of wool grov/n\\nwas $1,090. Enfield lies 71 miles\\nW. I rom Boston, and 15 E, from\\nNorthampton. Population, 1837,\\n1,053.\\nJSnlielfl, Ct.\\nHartford co. This tov/n M as first\\nsettled, 1631, by emigrants from Sa-\\nlem, Mass. it formerly belonged\\nto Mass. and was a part of Spring-\\nfield. The first bridge across Con-\\nnecticut river was built in ISOS,\\nconnecting Enfield with Sufficld.\\nThe surface is genei-ally level and\\nthe soil moist and fertile. The\\nstreet, where most of tlie inhabit-\\nants reside, is very pleasant, wide\\nand well shaded. The village near\\nthe river was commenced about\\n1831, at which the manufacture of\\ncarpeting is extensively pursued.\\nAbout 120 looms are employed,\\nmaking about 800 yards daily. The\\nmanufacture of ploughs is also an\\nimportant pursuit in Enfield. It is\\nwatered bv Scantick river. Pop-\\nulation, 1S30, 2,129. It i-: 18 miles\\nN. from Hartford, and 8 S. from\\nSpringfield, Mass.\\nEiiglisliiKiaia s I?ny, Tile.\\nThis bay is a few miles W. of\\nMachias bay, in Washington coun-\\nty. It receives the waters of Chand-\\nler s river, a considerable stream\\nit contains a number of islands, and\\nfurnishes many fine harbors Head\\nhaibor, an island otf Jonesborough,\\nis its western limits.\\nEiiosTSjiirsli,\\nt.\\nFranklin co. Missisquo Trout\\nand other streams give this town\\nexcellent water privileges, and\\nmanufacturing establishments flour-\\nish. The surface of the town is\\npleasantly diversified by hills and\\nvalleys, and well ad.ipted for graz-\\ning. The products of the town are\\ncattle, buttei cheese and wool.\\nFirst settled, 1797.. Population,\\n1830, 1,560. Enosburgli lies 43\\nmiles N. by E. from Montpelier,\\nand 20 N. E. from St. Albans.\\nE^jping, N. H.,\\nIlockingham co., lies 29 miles S.\\nE. from Concord, 20 W. from Ports-\\nmouth, and 8 N. W. from Exeter.\\nIt was formerlj^ a part of Exeter,\\nand was incorporated Feb, 12, 1741.\\nThe tov/n contains 12,760 acres,\\nbeing nearly 20 square miles. The\\nsoil, in general, is very good, and\\nwell suited to j-aise the various pro-\\nductions that grow in the state.\\nLamprey river, at tiie west, receives\\nthe Patuckaway, and runs through\\nthe whole length of the town.\\nAnother river runs through the N.\\npart of the town, and from that cir-\\ncumstance is called North river.\\nPy observations taken at 6 in the\\nforenoon, at 1 and 9 o clock in the\\nafternoon, from Fahrenheit s ther-\\nmometer placed in the open air, 13\\nfeet from the ground, and where\\nthe sun does not shine on the ther-\\nmometer, the annual average of\\nheat for 10 years in succession, was\\n44 1-12^. During that period the\\nannual average of rain that fell, was\\n2 feet 10 inches, and of snow, G feet\\n7 inches.\\nWilliam Plxjmer, one of its\\nmost distinguished and estimable\\ncitizens, resides in this town. A\\n(on-iderable portion of his life has\\nbeen employed in the service of the\\npeople, in the several stations of\\nrepresentative and senator in the\\nlegislature, president of the senate,\\nspeaker of the house of j-epresenta-\\ntives, representative and senator in\\ncongress, and for four years as chief-\\nmagistrate of the state. Popula-\\ntion, 1S30, 1,208.\\nMerrimack co. This town lies\\n12 miles E. from Concord. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,418. The surface of\\nthe town is generally uneven. The\\npi incipal eminences are called\\nM Coy s, Fort, Nat s, and Notting-\\nham aiountains. The soil is in gea-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\neral good, and well adapted for graz-\\ning or grain. Great and Little Sun-\\ncook are the only streams deserving\\nthe name of rivers. Here are three\\nponds, Chesnut, Round, and Odi-\\norne s. Brown oxide, and suiphu-\\nret of iron are found, the lattermost\\nfrequently in its decomposed state.\\nVarieties of quartz, feldspar and\\nschorl are also found. An alluvial\\ndeposite has been discovered, which\\nhas been ascertained to be terra de\\nsenna; it constitutes a very hand-\\nsome and durable paint for cabinet\\nwork. Epsom was granted May\\nIS, 1727, to Theodore Atkinson and\\nothers. Like all other frontier\\ntowns, Epsom was exposed, in its\\nearly settlement, to the Indians.\\nMaj. AivBREW M CL,ARY,ana^\\ntive of this town, fell at the battle\\nof Breed s Hill, June 17, 1775.\\nLike the illustrious Roman, he left\\nhis plough on the news of the mas-\\nsacre at Lexington, and in the ac-\\ntion when he lost his life displayed\\ngreat coolness and bravery.\\nSrrol, ]V. H.\\nCoos CO. This town is situated\\non (he W, of Umbagog lake. It\\ncontains about 35,000 acres,of which\\n2,500 are water. Several consider-\\nable streams here unite with the\\nAndroscoo-gin. Errol was granted\\nFeb. 28, 1774, to Timothy Ruggles\\nand others. Population, 1330,82.\\nIt lies about 30 miles N. N. E. from\\nLancaster.\\nErving, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This township re-\\nmained unincorporated until April\\n17, 1838. Previously it had been\\nknown by the name of Erving s\\nGrant. It is bounded S. by Mil-\\nler s and W. by Connecticut rivers.\\nErving contains some excellent\\nland, and a great water power. The\\nyear previous to its incorporation,\\nthe manufactures of the town, con-\\nsisting of satinet, boots, shoes, palm-\\nleaf hats, c., amounted to ;35,-\\n185. Population, 1837, 292. Er-\\n12\\nving lies 95 miles N. N. W. from\\nBoston, and 10 E. from Greenfield.\\nEssex County, Vt.\\nGuildhall is the county town.\\nThis county is bounded N. by Low-\\ner Canada, W. by the counties of\\nOrleans and Caledonia, and S. and\\nE. by Connecticut river. Area\\n680 square miles. This is consid-\\nered the poorest county in the state\\nbut although much of the land is\\nhilly and mountainous, there is con-\\nsiderable good soil, and a large por-\\ntion of it is well adapted for grazing.\\nThere were, in 18.36, about 8,000\\nsheep in the county, and a consid-\\nerable number of beef cattle and\\nhorses were sent to market. The\\nprincipal streams are the Nulhegan,\\nwhich is exclusively in Essex coun-\\nty the Passumpsic, Moose and\\nClvde. Incorporated, 1792. Pop-\\nulation, 1820,3,334; 1830,3,981.\\nAbout 6 inhabitants to a square\\nmile.\\nEssex Coxuitj Mass.\\nSalem, Jpsu-ich, and jYewhury-\\nport are the shire towns. This\\ncounty is bounded N. W. by Rock-\\ningham county. New Hampshire,\\nS. W. by Middlesex county, E. and\\nN. E. by the Atlantic ocean, and\\nS. E. by Massachusetts bay. There\\nis much good land in this county,\\nbut its surface is rocky and uneven.\\nIt has an extensive sea coast, in-\\ndented with numerous bays, inlets,\\nand capacious harbors. It is more\\ndensely populated than an}- county\\nof its size in the United States. It\\nhas great wealth, and its commerce\\nand fisheries ai-e unrivalled by any\\nsection of country, of its extent, on\\nthe elobc. Population, 1820, 73,930;\\n1830, 82,8S7, and in 1837, 93,689.\\nThis county comprises an area of\\n360 square miles the numbei- of\\ninhabitants to a sqi.are mile is 2G0.\\nEssex county, although of stubborn\\nsoil, has many very delightful farms,\\nand furnishes great quantities of\\nhay and vegetables for market. It", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhas many beautiful ponds and com-\\nmanding elevations, and its sea-\\nboard is the delight of every be-\\nholder. However fruitful the cit-\\nizens may have rendered the soil\\nby their industry, this county is es-\\nsentially a commercial and manu-\\nfacturing section of New England.\\nThe tonnage of the tive districts, in\\n1837, was 85,933 tons. The amount\\nof manufactures, for the year end-\\ning April 1, 1837, was $10,21(i,.300\\nand the amount of the whale, cod\\nand mackerel tisheries, amounted\\nto $1,378,144. The principal riv-\\ners in Essex county are the Merri-\\nmack and Shavvsheen. Essex coun-\\nty was incorporated in 1643, and has\\ngiven birth to some of the most dis-\\ntinguished merchants in the United\\nStates. Among many others may\\nbe mentioned William Gray,\\nIsrael Thorndike, and Wil-\\nliam Parsons.\\nEssex, Vt.\\nChittenden co. This town is fine-\\nly watered by Onion river on the\\nS. and Brown s river, a branch of\\nthe Lamoille, on the N, It is also\\nwatered by other smaller streams. I\\nAt Hubbell s falls, on Onion river,\\nare admirable mill sites, at v hich i\\nare manufactures of some extent.\\nThe surface of the town is level i\\na considerable portion of the soil is j\\ndry and somewhat sandy, but pro- I\\nduces good crops of corn and rye.\\nAlqng Onion river are some tracts\\nof beautiful intervale. Essex was\\nfirst settled in 1783. It lies 31 miles\\nN. W. from Montpelier, and 8 N.\\nN. E. from Burlington. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,664.\\nBssex, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This town lies at the\\nhead of Chebacco river, running in-\\nto Squam bay, 13 miles N. E. from\\nBoston, and 5 miles S. E. from Ips-\\nwich, from which it was taken in\\n1819. Many vessels of 50 to 120\\ntons are built in this town, and ma-\\nny small vessels are employed in the\\ncoasting trade and the fisheries.\\nThe manufactures of vessels, leath-\\ner, boots, shoes, bar iron, barrels,\\ncoidage, pump^ and blocks, in the\\nyeai ending April 1, 1837, amount-\\ned to ^102,271. The tonnage em-\\nployed in the cod and mackerel fish-\\nery was 878 tons. Population, 1837,\\n1,402. Essex is a pleasant and\\nflourishing town.\\nEtna, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is an excel\\nlent farming town with no import-\\nant streams. It lies 63 miles N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, 17 W. from Bangor,\\nand bounded by Dixmont on the\\nS. Incorporated, 1820. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 362\u00e2\u0080\u00941837, 626. Etna\\nis fine wheat land it produced, in\\n1837, 2,421 bushels.\\nExeter, Ble.\\nPenobscot co. Exeter is 65 miles\\nN.N. E. from Augusta, and 25 S.W.\\nfrom Bango! It was incorporated in\\n1811. Population, 1830, 1,438\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1837, 1,920. At the Four Cor-\\nners, in the northerly pai-t of the\\ntown, is a pleasant village with con-\\nsiderable trade and some mills. The\\npeople of Exeter in 1837, with a\\nsoil not above mediocrity, proved\\nwithout effort, by raising 12,058\\nbushels of wheat, that the state of\\nMaine is abundantly able, by means\\nwithin itself, to supply the whole\\nfamily of Yankees with bj-ead stuffs,\\nand have some to spare to their^\\nwestern brethren.\\nExeter, N. H.\\nRockingham co. This beautiful\\ntown lies 40 miles S. E. by E. from\\nConcord and 14 S. W, from Ports-\\nmouth. The compact part of the\\ntown lies about tiie falls, which sep-\\narate the fresh from the tide water\\nof a branch of the Piscataqua, call-\\ned by the natives Swamscot, and\\nnow known by the name of Exeter\\nriver. Above the falls this stream\\nassumes the name of Great river,\\nto distinguish it from one of its", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsmaller branches, called Little riv-\\ner. Great river has its source in\\nChester, whence it runs through\\nseveral towns before it meets the\\ntide water in the centre of Exeter.\\nOn thi^ river are many valuable\\nmill privileges.\\nThe Exeter Cotton Manufactur-\\ning Company commenced opera-\\ntions April 1, 1830. Their princi-\\npal building is of brick, 175 feet by\\n45. They have 5,000 spindles, em-\\nploy 212 girls and 40 men and boys.\\nThey manufacture annually about\\n1,400,000 yards of sheeting. They\\nconsume about 1,200 bales of cot-\\nton, 300 cords of wood and 22,500\\npounds of potatoe starch annually.\\nThey have a steam engine, 40 horse\\npower, to operate when the water\\npower fails. This probably con-\\nsumes annually about 150 chaldrons\\nof Sidney coal. The capital invest-\\ned in lands, buildings, machinery,\\nc. is about $210,000.\\nA powder mill has been in ope-\\nration about two years, and will\\nmanufacture from 130 to 150 tons\\nof powder annually.\\nThe manufacture of potatoe starch\\nwas commenced in 1824. The es-\\ntablishment has been twice burnt,\\nbut is rebuilt with brick, and starch\\nis now manufactured from wheat as\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0well as from potatoes. The amount\\nof sales of starch and gum is about\\n$10,000 annually.\\nIn the westerly part of the town\\nis a paper mill, which manufactures\\npaper to the value of ,-^20,000 an-\\nnually. The manufacture of books,\\nblank books, c. in Exeter, is very\\nextensive. About $100,000 value\\nof shoes and boots are made annu-\\nally, and a large amount of leather.\\nThere are also establishments far\\nthe manufacture of morocco leath-\\ner, cairiages, of various kinds,\\nbrushes, tin and pottery wares.\\nThe soil of Exeter is in general\\ngood, though comprehending every\\nvariety, from that of the best quali-\\nty to tiie least productive. Like\\nmost towns in the state, it is essen-\\ntially agricultural, and the improve*\\nment in the style of husbandry\\nhas been very great. The number\\nof industrious and enterprising me-\\nchanics, to whom Exeter is indebt-\\ned for her prosperity, is very rapid-\\nly increasing. See Register.\\nPhillips academy, in Exeter, was\\nfounded by the liberal donations of\\nJohn Phillips, LL. D.,in 1781, who\\nat his death, in 1795, bequeathed to\\nthe institution a large portion of his\\nestate.\\nBejvjamix Abbott, LL. D.\\nhas discharged the duties of princi-\\npal with distinguished ability for\\nmore than fifty years. The build-\\ning stands on a plain, near the cen-\\ntre of the town, and is well provid-\\ned with accommodations for the\\nditferent branches of instruction,\\nand a large iiall for declamation and\\nthe annual exhibitions.\\nThe settlement of Exeter com-\\nmenced in 1638, by John Wheel-\\nwright and other3,who formed them-\\nselves into a body politic, chose their\\nmagistrates, and bound the people to\\nobedience. Their laws were made\\nin popular assemblies and the com-\\nbination thus entered into subsisted\\nabout three years. From 1675 to\\n1712, Exeter, like most of the early\\nsettlements, suffered from the at-\\ntacks of the Indians.\\nHon. Samuel Tenn^ey, M. D\\nwas an original member of the N.\\nH. Medical Society, its vice pre-\\nsident several years, and a mem-\\nber of congress in 1800 and 1804.\\nGen. Nathaniel Peabody\\nwas an original member of the N.\\nH. medical society; was a member\\nof the old congress; a senator of\\nthe N. H. legislature in 1792 and\\nspeaker of the house in 1793.\\nHon. Nicholas Gilman was\\na member of the old congress, and\\na senator in congress from 1805 to\\nhis death in 1814.\\nGen. Nathaniel Folsom was\\na member of the old congress, and\\na valuable revolutionary officer.\\nHon. Jeremiah Smith, a na-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlive of Peterborough, was one of\\nthe first representatives to congress\\nunder the Federal government, was\\nappointed Judge of S. C. of N. H.\\nin 1802, was chief justice, and con-\\ntinued such till 1809, when he was\\nelected governor. He was appoint-\\ned chief justice of S. J. C. in 1813.\\nHon. John Taylor Gilmajv,\\na descendant of one of the princi-\\npal settlers at Exeter, was an active\\nsupporter of the revolution a mem-\\nber of the old congress filled at\\ntimes the offices of representative\\nand state treasurer; and for four-\\nteen years, between 1794 and 1816,\\nwss governor of the state.\\nExeter has at all periods of its\\nhistory possessed eminent and use-\\nful men and some of the first law-\\nyers and jurists, antiquarians and\\nscholars, have received their early\\neducation at its literary institution.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,759.\\nExeter, R. I.\\nWashington co. This is an agri-\\ncultural and manufacturing town,\\nsituated 24 miles S. W. from Provi-\\ndence, and from its centre about 10\\nmiles N. W. from South Kingston.\\nThe town is very large, being 12 by\\n5 miles. The surface is much di-\\nversified by hills and valleys the\\nsoil is a gravelly loam, and very\\nproductive of all the varieties com-\\nmon to the clitaate. The products\\nof the dairy are considerable.\\nBranches of Wood river give this\\ntown a good water power, which\\nIS well improved by cotton mills and\\nother manufactories. Exeter was\\nincorporated in 1743. Population,\\n1830, 2,383.\\nFairfax, Vt.\\nFranklin co. Bounded S. by La-\\n,noille river: 37 miles N. W. from\\nMontpelier, and 12 S. E. from St.\\nAlbans. First settled, 1763. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,729. By Parme-\\nlee s and Stone s brooks. Brown s\\nriver, and the Lamoille, this town\\nenjoys a good water power. The\\nfalls on Lamoille river, at this place,\\nare singular and worthy of the tra\\nveller s notice. The land is gene-\\nrally level and of a good quality.\\nA considerable amount of agricul-\\ntural products is sent to market, and\\nabout 6,000 sheep are reared. There\\nare some manufactures at the falls.\\nFairfax is a place of considerable\\nbusiness.\\nFairfield, Me.\\nSomerset CO. This beautiful town-\\nship is located on the W. side of\\nKennebec river, and S. of Bloom-\\nfield. Fairfield is the most south-\\nern township in the county. It is\\nwatei-ed by a small stream running\\ninto the Kennebec, and by a branch\\nof Waterville river. This town is\\nfavored with a fine soil, and naviga-\\nble privileges to Augusta. It has\\na pleasant village, considerable\\ntrade, and, in 1837, produced 11,-\\n531 bushels of wheat, and a large\\nquantity of wool. Population, 1837,\\n2,203. Distant from Augusta, 26.\\nmiles N., and from Norridgewock,\\n10 S. E. Incorporated, 178S.\\nFairfield, Vt.\\nFranklin co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1789. It is well watered\\nby Smithfield pond, Fairfield river.\\nBlack creek, and branches of Mis-\\nsisque river, and abounds in mill\\nsites. Fairfield has a good strong\\nsoil and generally suitable for cul-\\ntivation. It is a pleasant place, with\\nsome trade and considerable manu-\\nfactures. It produces good beef\\ncattle and horses, and pastures about\\n7,000 sheep. Population, 1830, 2,-\\n270. Fairfield lies 45 miles N. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, 27 N. N. E. from\\nBurlington, and is bounded W. by\\nSt. Albans.\\nFairfield County, Ct.\\nFairfield and Danhury are the\\nshire towns. This county is bound-\\ned N. by Litchfield county, N. E.\\nand E. by Housatonick river, S. E.\\nand S. by Long Island Sound, and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nW. by the state of New York. This\\nis a tine fanning section of coun-\\ntry, asjreeably diversified in regard\\nto surface, with a strong fertile soil,\\nand possesses great natural agricul-\\ntural resources. Fairlieid county\\nextends nearly 40 miles on long-\\nIsland Sound, and enjoys great fa-\\ncilities for navigation and the tish-\\neries. The beautiful Housatonick\\nwashes its noi-theastern boundary,\\nand the Saugatuck, Norwalk, Mill,\\nPequonuck and other rivers afford\\nit an ample water power. The man-\\nufacturing interests of the county\\nare valuable and increasing. It\\ncontains many villages of superior\\nbeauty, and abounds in scenery of\\nan interesting character. First set-\\ntled, l( 3y. Area, 630 square miles.\\nPopulation, 1820, 42,73.9; 1S30,\\n46,950 75 inhabitants to a square\\nmile. In 1837 there were in this\\ncounty about 22,000 sheep.\\nFairlieid, Ct.\\nShire town, Fairfield co. This\\nancient and patriotic town compris-\\nes three parishes, Fairfield, the\\nseat of justice. Green s Farms and\\nGreenfield. Fairfield lies 21 miles\\nS. W. fi-om New Haven, and 5S N.\\nE. from New York. Population,\\n1S30, 4,243. Its Indian name was\\nUnquowa. The surface of the\\ntown is undulating and very plea-\\nsant. The soil i^ fertile, well cul-\\ntivated and productive of wheat and\\nrye, and a great variety of fruits\\nand vegetables for New York mar-\\nket. Black Rock harbor is safe and\\neasy of entrance for vessel? draw-\\ning 19 feet of water at common tides.\\nThe tide usually rises in Long Isl-\\nand Sound about 5 feet. There is\\nbut little water power in Fairfield,\\nexcept that produced by the tide.\\nThe tonnage of Fairfield district,\\nin 1837, was 11,983 tons. The prin-\\ncipal business in navigation is the\\ncoasting trade.\\nIn the year 1637, the tract of\\ncountry which now forms the town\\nof Fairfield was discovered by cap-\\n12*\\ntain Mason and the troops of Mas-\\nsachusetts and Connecticut under\\nhis command, when they pursued\\nthe Pequots to the swamp in this\\ntown, bearing the name of Pequot\\nSwamp. This is the spot made\\nmemorable by the great fight that\\ntook place there, between those\\ntroops and the Pequots, terminating\\nin the almost entire destruction of\\nthat once powerful and warlike na-\\ntion of savages. There are no In-\\ndian marks left by which this\\nswamp can be traced as the place\\nof their extermination, except a\\nmound of earth in the centre of it,\\nconsidered as a place of safety, evi-\\ndently the effect of art, with a rais-\\ned foot path leading from it to the\\nsurrounding high grounds. In that\\nexpedition this region attracted the\\nnotice of adventurers. In the year\\n1639 a few families removed hither\\nfrom Windsor, commenced a settle-\\nment, and, in a short period after-\\nwards, were joined by several per-\\nsons from Watertown and Concord,\\nMass. After Connecticut obtained\\nher charter, the general assembly\\n2:ranted these people a patent, then\\nincluding the towns now Reading\\nand Weston.\\nFairfield is distinguished for its\\nardent attachment to American lib-\\nerty, and for its sacrifices during the\\ncontest for independence. In 1779,\\nwhen Tryon, a British governor, de-\\nmanded a surrender of the town,\\nunder a threat of its destruction,\\nthe answer of the inhabitants was,\\nWe will never voluntarily lay\\ndown our arms till we have obtained\\nthe object for which they have been\\ntaken up. The village is in your\\npower plunder and burn it if you\\nwill, and take along with your plun-\\nder the infamy of which it cannot\\nbe divested.\\nOn the 7th July, 1779, gover-\\nernor Tryon, with a large and\\nvengeful army, sailed from New\\nHaven to Fairfield and the next\\nmorning disembarked upon the\\nbeach. A few militia assembled to", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\noppose them and, in a desultory,\\nscattered manner, fought with great\\nintrepidity through most of the day.\\nThey killed some took several pri-\\nsoners; and wounded more. But\\nthe expedition was so sudden and\\nunexpected, that the efforts, made\\nin this manner, were necessarily\\nfruitless. The town was plunder-\\ned a great part of the houses, to-\\ngether with the two churches, the\\ncourt house, jail, and school houses,\\nwere burnt. The barns had been\\njust filled with wheat, and other\\nproduce. The inhabitants, there-\\nfore, were turned out into the world,\\nalmost literally destitute.\\nWhile the town was in flames,\\na thunder storm overspread the hea-\\nvens, just as night came on. The\\nconflagration of near two hundred\\nhouses illumined the earth, the\\nskirts of the clouds, and the waves\\nof the Sound, with an union of\\ngloom and grandeur, at once inex-\\npressibly awful and magnificent.\\nThe sky speedily was hung with\\nthe deepest darkness, wherever the\\nclouds were not tinged by the mel-\\nancholy lustre of the flames. At\\nintervals the lightnings blazed with\\na livid and terrible splendor. The\\nthunder rolled above. Beneath,\\nthe roaring of the fires filled up the\\nintervals with a deep and hollow\\nsound, which seemed to be the pro-\\ntracted murmur of the thunder, re-\\nverberated from one end of heaven\\nto the other. Add to this convul-\\nsion of the elements, and these\\ndreadful effects of vindictive and\\nwanton devastation, the trembling\\nof the earth the sharp sound of\\nmuskets, occasionally discharged;\\nthe groans, here and there, of the\\nwounded and dying and the shouts\\nof triumph: then place before your\\neyes crowds of the miserable suf-\\nferers, mingled with bodies of the\\nmilitia, and from the neighboring\\nhills taking a farewell prospect of\\ntheir property and their dwellings,\\ntheir happiness and their hopes;\\nand you will form a just but imper-\\nfect picture of the burning of Fair-\\nfield. It needed no great effort of\\nimagination to believe that the final\\nday had arrived and that amid\\nthis funeral darkness, the morning\\nwould speedily dawn, to which no\\nnight would ever succeed; the\\ngraves yield up their inhabitants\\nand the trial commence, at which\\nwas to be finally settled the destiny\\nof man.\\nThe next morning the troops\\nre-embarked and, proceeding to\\nGreen s Farms, set fire to the\\nchurch, and consumed it together\\nwith fifteen dwelling houses, elev-\\nen barns, and several stores.\\nFairliaveu, Vt.\\nRutland co. First settled, 1779.\\nPopulation, 1830, 675. The soil is\\ngenerally productive, particularly\\nalong the banks of the streams. It\\nis watered by Castleton and Poult-\\nney rivers, the former of which re-\\nceives the waters of lake Bomba-\\nzine, a large pond between Fair-\\nhaven and Castleton. On these\\nstreams are considerable falls, and\\nmill sites. Fairhaven lies 16 miles\\nW. from Rutland, and 9 N. E. from\\nWhitehall, N. Y.\\nFairliaven, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This pleasant town\\nwas taken from New Bedford, in\\n1812. It lies across Acushnett\\nriver, about a mile east of New\\nBedford. It is united to New Bod-\\nford by abridge 3,960 feet in length,\\nand is associated with it in many of\\nits enterpi-ises. First settled, 1764.\\nPopulation, 1830, 3,034; 1837,\\n3,649. There are 37 vessels be-\\nlonging to this place engaged in\\nthe whale fishery, the tonnage of\\nwhich is 11,564 tons. The value\\nof whale oil and bone imported in-\\nto this place the year ending April\\n1, 1837, was $322,272. The num-\\nber of hands employed in the fish-\\nery was 945. Capital invested,\\n$957,000. The Acushnett produ-\\nces some water power,on which ara", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND QAZETTEEft.\\ntwo cotton millg, a paper mill, and\\nother operations by water. The\\nvalue of cotton goods, leather, boots,\\nshoes, tin ware, vessels, salt, wood-\\nen ware, chairs and cabinet ware\\nmanufactured, amounted to \u00c2\u00a740,363.\\nFairlee, Vt.\\nOrange co. A rough and moun-\\ntainous township, with very little\\nproductive land, on the west side of\\nConnecticut river, and connected\\nwith Orford, N. H. by a bridge\\nacross that river. First settled,\\n176S. Population, 1830, 656. This\\ntown lies about 17 miles E. S. E.\\nfrom Chelsea, and 31 S. E. from\\nMontpelier.\\nFairlee pond is two miles in length\\nand about three fourths of a mile\\nwide. It formeily had no fish.\\nSome years ago a gentleman placed\\nsome pickerel in it, and the legisla-\\nture passed a law protecting the\\nfish from molestation foi- two years.\\nSince that time the pond has had\\nan abundance of pickerel of good\\nsize and quality.\\nFall River, Blass.\\nBristol CO. This town took the\\nname of Troy, in 1S03. It was for-\\nmerly a part of Freetown. In 1834,\\nthe name was changed to that of\\nthe river within its borders, at the\\nunion of which and Taunton river\\nthe town is very pleasantly situa-\\nted. This tov/n is without a paral-\\nlel on the continent of America, in\\nregard to the union of hydraulic\\npowers and navigable facilities.\\nFall river rises in Wattuppa ponds;\\none of which is 11 miles in length\\nand 1 in breadth. These ponds are\\nproduced by perpetual springs, and\\nlie about two miles east of the town.\\nThe descent of this v witv is 136\\nfeet. The volume of water is con-\\nstant, not liable to excess, and of\\nsufficient power for the largest man-\\nufactories.\\nThe harbor on Taunton river is\\nsafe and easy of access, and of suf-\\nficient depth of water for the larg-\\nest ships. Six ships from this port\\nare engaged in the whale fishery.\\nIt has also some merchant and coast-\\ning vessels. A marine rail-way wa3\\nconstructed here in 1834.\\nThis town has an abundance of\\nfine granite, equal to the Quiucy.\\nA rail-road is in progress to meet the\\nBoston and Providence, at Seekonk,\\n13 miles.\\nThe Pocasset Hotel, belonging\\nto a company of gentlemen, is a\\nsplendid building, constructed in\\n1833. No house in the country af-\\nfords better accommodations. A\\nregular steamboat line is establish-\\ned between this place and Piovi-\\ndence distance, by water, 28\\nmiles.\\nThe value of the manufactures\\nof Fall River for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, amounted to ^2,863,-\\n378, exclusive of large nianufac-\\ntures of machinery, iron hoops and\\nrods, stoves, brass, copper, and tin\\nwares. The ten cotton mills pro-\\nduced 7,767,614 yards of cloth, val-\\nued at $668,028. The woolen mill\\nproduced 150,000 yards of cloth,\\nvalued at $180,000. The other ar-\\nticles manufactured consisted of\\nleather, boots, shoes, iron castings,\\nhats, nails, chairs, cabinet ware\\nand vessels. The two print ivorks\\nprinted twelve millici yards of cal-\\nico. The number of hands em-\\nployed in all the factories Avas 1,819.\\nThe product of the whale fi.shery,\\nthe same year, was $68, TOO. Hands\\nemployed in the fishery, 120.\\nFall River lies 49 miles S. from\\nBoston, 17 S. from Taunton, 14 W.\\nfrom New Bedford, IS S. E. from\\nProvidence, R. I. and 190 E. from\\nNew York. Population, in 1820,\\n1,594; 1830, 4,159; 1837, 6,352.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surface of Fall River is eleva-\\nted, rough and uneven, and consid-\\nered a healthy location for a manu-\\nfacturing town.\\nFalmoutli; Me.\\nCumberland co. This is a pleas-\\nant town at the head of Casco bay.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n6 miles N. from Portland, and 47 S.\\nW. roin Augusta. It is watered\\nby Presumscut river, and has a num-\\nber of vessels employed in coasting\\nand fishino;. The soil on the whole\\ncoast of Maine is not so fertile as in\\nthe interior parts of the state, yet\\nFalmouth comprises a considerable\\nquantity of good land. The town\\nwas incorporated as early as 1718,\\nand included the territory of the\\ncity of Portland until 1783. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,0(JS.\\nFalnioutli, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. A pleasant town on\\nVineyard Sound. There are belong-\\nin:^ to this towri 9 whale-ships, and\\nabout 40 sail in the coasting trade and\\nfi-^hery. Two streams afford a wa-\\ntei- power, on which are two wool-\\nen mills and other manufactories.\\nThere are about 40 ponds in this\\ntown, some salt and some fresh\\nthese, with the views of the islands\\nin the Sound, form a variety of\\nagreeable scenery. Wood s Hole\\nharbor, at the S. W. extremity of\\nthe town, is a good harbor and\\nmuch frequented by vessels, and by\\ninvalids in search of health. The\\nvalue of oil imported into Falmouth,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\namounted to $146,600. The value\\nof vessels, salt, woolen goods, boots,\\nshoes and leather, manufactured the\\nsame year, was 158,657. Falmouth\\nlies 71 miles S. E. by E. from Bos-\\nton, and 22 S. W. from Barnstable.\\nWoods Hole is 4 miles W. from\\nthe centre of the town and\\nHolmes Hole harbor, on Mar-\\ntha s Vineyard, is 6 miles S. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,580. Incorporated,\\n1688.\\nParmiugtou; Me.\\nCounty town of Franklin CO. This\\nvery beautiful town lies 29 miles\\nN. W. from Augusta, and is water-\\ned by Sandy and Little Norridge-\\nwock rivers. At the union of these\\nrivers are excellent mill privileges,\\nand a delightful village, the seat\\nof justice. Farther up the Sandy,\\nabout 5 miles, is anothei beautiful\\nvillage, the seat of a nourishing\\nacademy. The soil of Farmington\\nbeing of a superior quality, the\\ninhabitants are induced to devote\\nmuch attention to agricultural pur-\\nsuits yet it is a place of some man-\\nufactures, and considerable trade in\\nlumber and other merchandize.\\nThe agricultural products of Fai-m-\\nington are various and valuable.\\nin 1S37 it produced 12,400 bushels\\nof as good wheat as ever grew on\\nthe banks of the Ohio. Incorporat-\\ned, 1794. Population, 1837, 2,507.\\nFarmington, N. H.,\\nStrafford co., was formerly a part\\nof Rochester, but was incorporated\\na? a distinct town, Dec. 1, 1798.\\nIt lies 36 miles E. N. E. from Con-\\ncord, and 17 N. W. by ,N. from\\nDover. The Cocheco meanders\\nthrough the N. E. partof the town.\\nThe Blue hills or Frost mountains\\nextend nearly through the town\\nunder different names. From the\\nsummit of the ridge in the S. E.\\npart, ships may be seen by the na-\\nked eye off Portsmouth harbor\\nwhile to the N. and W. the White\\nPlills and the Monadnock, with hun-\\ndreds of smaller mountains, meet\\nthe eye of the beholder. Thei-e is,\\nnot far from the village in Farm-\\nington, a rock supposed to weigh\\nfrom 00 to 80 tons, so exactly pois-\\ned on other rocks, that it may be\\ncaused to vibrate several inches by\\nthe hand. At the bank of the Co-\\ncheco, a little more than a mile S.\\nE. from the principal village, is a\\nplace called the Dock, so named\\nfrom the circumstance that the first\\nsettlers usually deposited their lum-\\nber here to be floated down the riv-\\ner. This name is some times igno-\\nrantly applied to the village.\\nHon. Aaron Wingate, for ma-\\nny years a member of the legisla-\\nture, a counsellor from 1797 to 1803,\\nand for sometime chief-justice of\\nthe common pleas in Strafford, died", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhere in 1S22, aged 78 years. Pop-\\nulation, 1330, 1,465,\\nFarmiugtou, Ct.\\nHartfoi J CO. The first settlers\\nof this town were from Hartford,\\nbeing emigrants fVom the neighbor-\\nhood of l^oUon, Mass. They loca-\\nted themselves, in 1640, on the lux-\\nui-iant meadows of the Tunxis, or\\nFarmington river, 10 miles W. from\\nHartford. The township was pur-\\nchased of the Tunxis Indians, a nu-\\nmerous and waiiike tribe. At its\\nincorporation, in 1615, the township\\ncomprised hfteen miles .square\\nsince which the pleasant towns of\\nSouthington, Berlin, Bristol, Bur-\\nlington and Avon have been taken\\nfrom the original territory of Farm-\\ningfon.\\nFarmington river rises in the high\\nlands in the N. part of Litchtield\\ncounty, and after meandeiing de-\\nlightfully through the towns of\\nNew Hartford and Burlington, in a\\nS. E. direction, it changes its course\\nat Farmington to the N., and pass-\\ning Avon and Simsbury to the bor-\\nder of Granby, it again turns ab-\\nruptly to the E. and meets the Con-\\nnecticut at Windsor. This is a\\nbeautiful and fertilizing stream, and\\ngives to the towns through which\\nit passes, but particularly to Farm-\\nington, large tracts of rich alluvial\\nmeadows.\\nFarmington village is a delight-\\nful place, on an elevated plain, sur-\\nrounded by high hills. The street\\nis about two miles in length, beau-\\ntifully shaded, au i contains, be-\\nsides two churches and an acade-\\nmy, about 100 neat dwelling houses,\\nsome of which are tasteful and ele-\\ngant. The Farmington canal pass-\\nes through the village.\\nRound Hill, in the meadows,\\nnear the village, is a natural curi-\\nosity. It rises abruptly, to the\\nheight of 60 feet, is nearly circular\\nin its form and covers 12 acres. It\\nis thought that this hill was former-\\nly an island in the centre of a lake,\\nwhich covered the whole of the\\npresent n^.eadows. The population\\nof Farmingron has varied but little\\nfrom 2,000\\\\vithin the last 30 years.\\nFayette, Me.\\nKennebec co. This town con-\\ntains some beautiful ponds and is\\nthe source of a branch of Sandy\\nriver. It lies 17 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and is bounded E. by\\nReadtield. Incorporated, 1795.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,006. This is a\\ngood township of land it produced,\\nin 1837, 4,438 bushels of wheat and\\nsome wool.\\nFayston, Vt.\\nWashington co. Fayston is gen-\\nerally too mountainous to be much\\ncultivated. Along the borders of\\nsome of the branches of Mad river,\\nwhich rise here, is some arable\\nland. It lies l6 miles W. S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 25 S. E. from\\nBurlino-ton. First settled, 1793.\\nPopulation, 1830, 458.\\nFerdinand, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This town was char-\\ntered in 1761, and contains 23\\nsquare miles; it is bounded S.\\nE. by Maidstone. Paul s stream\\naffords it a good water power, but\\nthe land is ?o mountainous, rocky,\\ncold and swampy that people do not\\nchoose to cultivate it.\\nFei risburgli, Vt.\\nAddison co. This township pos-\\nsesses a good soil, an excellent wa-\\nter power by Otter, Little Otter\\nand Lewis creeks and navigable\\nprivileges on the waters of the out-\\nlets of those creeks and lake Cham-\\nplain. Basin Harbor in this town\\nis deep and well protected from\\nwinds, and is a place of consider-\\nable navigation and comm.ercial im-\\nportance. Across the lake to Essex,\\nN. Y. is about t\\\\vo miles. Large\\ncrops of grain are produced here,\\nand Ferrisburgh is noted for its fine\\nbutter, cheese, pork, and fat cattle.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThere are some woolen and other\\nmnnufactures on its streams, and\\nabout 10,000 sheep graze in its pas-\\ntures. Large quantities of fish are\\nannually taken in the season of\\nspring. First settled, 17S4. Pop-\\nulalion, 1S30, 1,822. Ferrisburgh\\nlie^ li) miles S. from Burlington,\\n16 N. W. from Middlebury, and 34\\nW. from Montpelier.\\nFitcSibiirgli, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This township\\nwa? first granted by the Great\\nand General Court of His Majesty s\\nProvince of Massachusetts Bay,\\nNov. 4, 1719. The township thus\\ngranted included the territory of\\ngome of the neighboring towns.\\nThe town was incorporated in 1764.\\nA large branch of the Nashua and\\ntwo smaller streams pass through\\nthe town, and afford it an extensive\\nand constant water power. Over\\nthe Nashua, in the distance of two\\nmiles, are eleven dams for the ac-\\ncommodation of manufactories. This\\nis a very ilourishing town, and ex-\\nhibits in a striking manner the ef-\\nfect of water power on the increase,\\nwealth and respectability of many\\nof our interior towns. There are\\nmany valuable mill sites at this\\nplace still unimproved. In the\\nin^.mediate vicinity of the principal\\nvillage is an immense quarry of ex-\\ncellent granite. This town lies 47\\nmiles W. N. W. from Boston, 24 N.\\nfrom Worcester, 30 W. by S. from\\nLowell, and 60 N. E. from Spring-\\nfield. There are in Fitchburgh 4\\ncotton, 3 woolen, and 2 paper mills.\\nThe manufactures for the year end-\\ning April 1, 1837, amounted to\\n^4-29,640. The manufactures con-\\nsisted of cotton and woolen goods,\\npaper, leather, boots, shoes, hats,\\nscythes, bellows, palm-leaf hats,\\nstraw bonnets, chairs, tin and cab-\\ninet wares. The surface of the\\ntown is hilly, but the soil is strong\\nand productive. Population, 1830,\\n2,169; 1837,2,662.\\nFitz William, W. H.\\nCheshire CO. Fitzwilliam lies 13\\nmiles S. E. from Keene, 60 S. W,\\nfrom Concord, and 65 N. W. from\\nBoston. Camp and Piiest brooks,\\nrunning in a S. direction, are the\\nprincipal streams. South pond, 230\\nrods long and of various width\\nSip s pond, 200 rods long and 100\\nwide Rockwood s pond and Col-\\nlin s pond, are the only natural col-\\nlections of water. The surface of\\nthis town is hilly the foil is rocky.\\nThere is a con;-iderable quantity of\\nvery productive and highly valua-\\nble meadow land. The soil is suit-\\nable for grazing and tillage. Beef,\\npork, butter and cheese are the sta-\\nples. The farmers have of late turn-\\ned their attention to the raising of\\nsheep. Near the centi-e of the town\\nis a large hill, remarkable for the\\nbeautifully I omantic prospect it af-\\nfords. Gap mountain, which at a\\ndistance, appears to be a part of the\\nMonadnock, and on which are found\\nvarious kinds of stones suitable for\\nwhetstones, lies partly in Troy and\\npartly in the N. E. part of Fitz-\\nwilliam. Population, 1830, 1,229.\\nFlctclier, Vt.\\nFranklin co. There are some\\nsmall streams in this town and some\\nmanufacturing operations. The soil\\nis broken, hard, and not very pro-\\nductive. It lies 22 miles N. N. E\\nfi-om Montpelier,and about 18 S. E\\nfrom St. Albans. Population, 1830,\\n793.\\nFlorida, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. A mountainous\\ntownship, 125 miles W, by N.from\\nBoston, 27 N. N. E. from Lenox,\\nand 7 E. from Adams. Florida is\\nwatered by Deerfield river, and ex-\\nhibits some fine Alpine scenery.\\nPopulation, 1837, 457. Inc. 1805.\\nFoster, R. I.\\nProvidence co. This is a large ag-\\nricultural and mauufacturing town.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfinely watered by Hemlock brook, I\\nPoaongansett and Moo^up rivers.\\nThe sm-face of the town, in many\\nparts, is rough and uneven, but the\\nsoil is well calculated for the pro-\\nductions of the dairy. In the west-\\nern part are extensive forests of val-\\nuable timber. There are a number\\nof pleasant villages on the borders\\nof the numerous streams, most of\\nwhich are largely engaged in manu-\\nfacturing operations, particularly of\\ncotton. Foster was tirst settled in\\n1717; incorporated in 1781, and\\nnamed in compliment to the Hon.\\nTheodore Foster, formerly a\\nsenator of the United States. It lies\\n15 miles W. by S. from Providence,\\nand 50 E. froin Hartford, Ct. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,672.\\nFoiborongli, Blass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town was tak-\\nen from Dorchester in 177S. It is\\nwatered by Rumford and Cocasset\\nrivers, branches of the Taunton, on\\nwhich are milh of various kinds.\\nThe manufactures of Foxborouidi\\nthe year ending April 1, 1S37,\\namounted to $231,136 they con-\\nsisted of cotton and woolen goods, j\\nboots, shoos, leather, iron castings, i\\nstraw bonnets, shovels, spades, hoes\\nand forks. Foxborough lies 24 i\\nmiles S. S.W. from Boston, 15 S. from j\\nDedham, and 13 E. N. E. from\\nProvidence. Pt. I. Population, 1830,\\n1,099; 1837,1,416.\\nPoxcroft, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town is sit- i\\nuated on the north side of Piscata-\\nquis river, opposite to Dover. The\\nsoil of the town is capable of pro-\\nducing all the varieties common to\\nthe cUmate. A part of Sebec pond\\nlies in the north parj*: of tiie town.\\nIn 1837, 5,574 bushels of wheat was\\nraised. This i^. a fine section of\\ncountry for the growth of beef and\\nwool. Foxcroft was first settled in\\n1305, and was named in compliment\\nto the Hon. Joseph E. Foxcroft.\\nThe village, with an academy, is\\nvery pleasantly located on the bank\\nof the rfver, and has the appearance\\nof prosperity. Foxcroft lies 77\\nniile^ N. N. E. from Augusta.\\nPopulation, 1830, 677; 1837,907.\\nIncorporated, 1812.\\nFox Islands, Me.\\nSee Vinalhaven.\\nFramingliam, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. A large and flour-\\nishing manufacturing town, v*ith a\\nfine soil, and pleasant ponds: 20\\nmiles W. S. W. from Boston, and 13\\nS. S. W. from Concord. The ponds\\nand Sudbury river give this town a\\no-ood waterpower. The value of\\nThe maauiactures, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, amounted to $i21,-\\n111. The articles manufactured\\nwere 2GS,640 yards of woolen cloth,\\nvalued at $311,800; boots, shoes,\\nleather, hats, paper,($48,000) straw\\nbonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet\\nwares. Framingham is a delight-\\nful town, and a pproached by the\\nI rail-road with great case. It has\\n1 become an agreeable resort forfish-\\n1 ing, fowling^and other rural sports.\\n1 Incorporated, 1700. Population, in\\ni 1830, 2,313 1837, 2,831.\\nFrasicestown, K. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 12 miles\\nN. W. from Amherst, and 27 S. V/.\\nfrom Concord. The two S. branches\\nof the Piscataquog rise in this (own\\nthe largest branch from Pleasant\\npond, the other from Haunted pond.\\nThe former branch passes near the\\nvillage in Franceslown. Pleasant\\nand Haunted ponds are con;nderablc\\ncollections of water. The land is\\nuneven, and in many parts stony,\\nbut the quaUties of the soil are\\nwarm and moist. There are some\\nsmall intervales, which are very\\nproductive. About 7,000 she^p\\nare kept here. The streams of wa-\\nter are not large, and almost every\\nmill is situated on rivers that take\\ntheir rise from hills and ponds with-\\nin the limits of the town. The", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhighest land is Crotched mountain,\\nthe summit of which is more than\\n600 feet above the level of the\\ncommon in the centre of the town.\\nOne of the summits of this moun-\\ntain is covered with wood the other\\nis almost a solid ledge of rocks, af-\\nfording a very extensive prospect to\\nthe S. W. There is in the easter-\\nly part of this town a very exten-\\nsive and valuable quarry of free-\\nstone. It is of a dark greyish col-\\nor, and when polished strongly re-\\nsembles the variegated marble of\\nVermont. In the N. part of this\\ntown black lead has been found of\\na good quality and in the S. part\\nsome beautiful specimens of rock\\ncrystal. The common garnet is\\nmet with in various places. On\\nthe N. side of Haunted pond, there\\nis a bar of 20 rods in length, 6 feet\\nhigh, and .3 or 4 feet through but\\nfor what purpose or by what means\\nthis barrier was raised, is a matter\\nof conjecture only. The local sit-\\nuation of this town is very eligible\\nfor business, being near the centre\\nof the county, and on the great\\nthoroughfare from Windsor to Bos-\\nton, and on a leading road from the\\nS. part of the state to Concord.\\nThe village is very pleasant, neatly\\nhuilt and flourishing. Francestown\\nderived its name from Frances, the\\nwife of the last Gov. Wentworth.\\nThe fir.-t settlement was made about\\n1760, by John Carson, a Scotch-\\nman.\\nMr. James Woodbury, who\\ndied March 3, 1823, at the age of\\n85, closed his life in this town. He\\nWas an active soldier in the old\\nFrench war, and engaged by the\\nside of Gen. Wolfe, when he was\\nkilled at the memorable siege of\\nQuebec. He was one of the truly\\ninviiieible rangers under the im-\\nmortal Stark, and discharged CA^ery\\nduty in a prompt and courageous\\nmanner. Population, 183 0, 1541.\\nJPraiiconia, N, H.\\nGrafton co. It is 28 miles N* E.\\nfrom Haverhill, and 74 N. from\\nConcord. A large proportion of\\nthis town is mountainous. Its\\nstreams are branches of the Lower\\nAmonoosuck river, and rise on the\\nmountainous tracts to the east.\\nHere are several ponds one of\\nwhich, called Ferrin s pond, is the\\nsource of the middle branch of Pem-\\nigewasset river. The mountains\\nadjoining the Notch, through which\\nthe road passes, are most conspicu-\\nous. These are called Mounts La\\nFayette and Jackson. On the lat-\\nter is the celebrated Profile, or\\nOld Man of the Mountain. It is\\nsituated on a peak of solid rock,\\n1,000 feet in height and almost per-\\npendicular. On this peak, nature,\\nin her wildest mood, exhibits the\\nprofile of the human face, of which\\nevery feature is delineated with\\nW onderful exactness. The Fran-\\nconia mountain pass presents to the\\ntraveller some of the wildestscene-\\nry in our country, and must ever re-\\nmain a great thoroughfare between\\nthe upper waters of the Connecti-\\ncut river and the ocean.\\nThere are two iron establish-\\nments in this town. The lower\\nworks are situated on the S. branch\\nof Amonoosuck river, and are own-\\ned by the New Hampshij-e Iron\\nFactory Company; incorporated,\\nDec. 18, 1805, which was composed\\nprincipally of gentlemen in Salem\\nand Boston. Their establishment\\nis very extensive, consisting of a\\nblast furnace, erected in 1808, an\\nair furnace, a forge and trip-ham-\\nmer shop. There are also near, or\\nconnected with the establishment,\\ngrain and saw-mills, a large store,\\nseveral shops, and other buildings,\\nvv hich make a small village. The\\nore is obtained from a mountain in\\nthe east part of Lisbon, N. H., three\\nmiles from the furnace, and is con-\\nsidered the richest in the United\\nStates, yielding from 5G to 63 per\\ncent and the mine is said to be in-\\nexhaustible. First settled, 1774.\\nPopulation,1830, 447.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFranlvfort, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This excellent town-\\nship of land is situated on the W.\\nside of Penobscot river, 57 miles\\nN. E. by E. from Augusta, 12 S.\\nfrom Bangor, and IS N. from Bel-\\nfast. It is well watered by Marsh\\nriver, on which are two beautiful\\nvillages. The largest village is\\nnear the Penobscot, on Marsh bay.\\nThe other village is at the head of\\nthe tide, on Marsh river, about 4\\nmiles S. W. from the Penobscot, and\\nis accommodated with excellent\\nmill privileges. The location of\\nFrankfort is exceeding favorable to\\nthe navigation and trade of Penob-\\nscot river, particularly so in the\\nwinter season, a? it is the highest\\npoint on the river to which vessels\\ncan ascend during the icy season of\\nthe year. The prospects of Frank-\\nfort in its commercial and agricul-\\ntural pursuits are very promising\\nindeed it bids fair to become an im-\\nportant depot on one of our largest\\nrivers. Among the agricultural\\nproducts of this town, in 1837, was\\n9,33v0 bushels of wheat. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,487 1837,3,223. In-\\ncorporated, 1789.\\nFraulvliii County, Me.\\nFarmington is the county town.\\nThis county was incorporated March\\n20, 1S3S.\\nThe following is the legislative\\ndescription of its territory:\\nThe towns of New Sharon,\\nChesterville, Wilton, Temple and\\nFarmington in the county of Ken-\\nnebec and Jay, Carthage, Weld,\\nBerlin, Madrid, townships number-\\ned six, letter E. and D. in the coun-\\nty of Oxford, thence extending\\nnortherly from the north.-west cor-\\nner of letter D. on the line be-\\ntwixt townships numbered three\\nand four, through the several rang-\\nes of townships to Canada line, so\\na to include three tiers of town-\\nships west of the west line of the\\nBingham Purchase in said county\\nJ3\\nof Oxford and Industry, NewVine-\\nyard, Strong, Avon, Pliillips, Free-\\nman, Salem, Kingfield, townships\\nnumbered four in the first range\\nwest of Kingfield, three and four\\nin the second range, and the south\\nhalf of township numbered four in\\nthe third range of the Bingham\\nPurchase, in the county of Somer-\\nset, be and hereby are, :c.\\nThis county is therefore bounded\\nN. by Lower Canada, E. by the\\ncounty of Somerset, S. by Kenne-\\nbec and Oxford counties, and W. by\\nOxford county. This county has\\nno navigable waters, but is inter-\\nspersed with numerous ponds and\\nmill streams. Its surface is gen-\\nerally undulating, with some moun-\\ntainous tracts. Its soil, for the most\\npart, is excellent, and cannot fail\\nin remunerating the industrious far-\\nmer by its products of wheat, beef,\\nand wool.\\nFTaiiklln County, Vt.\\nSt. Albans, county town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Lower\\nCanada, E. by Orleans count} S.\\nE. and S. by Lamoille county, S.\\nby Chittenden county, and W.\\nby lake Champlain. Incorporated,\\n1792. Population, 1830, 22,034.\\nThe Missisque river passes through\\nthe northern part of the county,\\nand the Lamoille its most southern\\nsection. The principal part of the\\ntrade of this county goes to Canada,\\nby lake Champlain, which affords\\nit many facilities in transportation.\\nAlthough the surface is somewhat\\nbroken and in some parts mountain-\\nous, yet the soil is productive of\\nwheat and grass. JNIany cattle are\\nannually taken from this county to\\nmarket, and in 1837 it had 63,000\\nsheep. In this county, marble and\\niron ore of excellent qualities are\\nfound.\\nFraukliii County, Mass.\\nGreenfield, county town. Bound-\\ned N. by Windham county, Vt.,and\\na part of Cheshire county, N. H", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nE. by Worcester county, S. by\\nHampshire county, and W. by Berk-\\nshire county. Area, 650 square\\nmiles. The Connecticut river pass-\\nes nearly through the centre of this\\ncounty. It produces, in great abund-\\nance, all sorts of grain, fruits and\\nvegetables common to its climate\\nand exports considerable quantities\\nof beef, pork, and products of the\\ndairy. Manufactures are increas-\\ning in value and importance and\\nthis county yields to no other in the\\nstate in the extent of its hydraulic\\npowers, or in the richness and vari-\\nety of its scenery. There are 44\\ninhabitants to a square mile. Chief\\nrivers, Connecticut, Deerfield, and\\nMiller s. Taken from Hampshire\\ncounty in 1811. Population, 1820,\\n29,268; 1830, 29,344; 1837,28,655.\\nThe value of the manufactures of\\nthis county, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, was $787,900. The\\nvalue of wool grown, the product\\nof 55,713 fleeces, was $70,513.\\nFranklin, Me.\\nHancock co. Franklin lies at the\\nhead of Taunton bay, the most\\nnortherly waters of Frenchman s\\nbay. It is bounded S. by Sullivan,\\nand contains several large ponds\\nand good mill sites. Franklin is\\nabout 15 miles E. from Ellsworth.\\nPopulation, 1837, 474. Incorporat-\\ned, 1825.\\nFranlclin, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1S2S, from parts of\\nthe towns of Salisbury, Andover,\\nSanbornton, and Nortbfield is 18\\nmiles from Concord, 63 from Ports-\\nmouth, and 73 from Boston. Frank-\\nlin is a place of considerable and\\nincz-easing business; has a cotton\\nfactory, two paper nulls, an iron\\nfoundry, and other manufacturing\\nestablishments. The junction of\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6he Winnepisiogee and Pemigewas-\\nset rivers, in this town, foitu the\\nnoble Merrimack, creating on both\\nstreams an extensive and valuable\\nwater power. It is probable that\\nwithin a few years the river will\\nbe rendered navigable, by means\\nof locks and canals, as far up as\\nFranklin, in which event it would\\nbecome one of the most flourishing\\ninteiior towns in New Hampshire.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 1,370.\\nFraiiltliii, Vt.\\nFranklin co. This town was for-\\nmerly called Huntsburgh, and was\\ntirst settled in 1789. It lies 50\\nmiles N, W. fiom Montpelier, 17\\nN. N. E. from St. Albans, and\\nbounded N. by Canada. The sur-\\nface of the town is rough, but the\\nsoil is tolerably well adapted for\\nsheep, of which about 3,500 are\\nkept. Population, 1830, 1,129.\\nFranltlin, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Charles river and\\nits branches afford Franklin a good\\nwater power. It was taken from\\nWrenthamin 1778. There are live\\ncotton mills in the town, and man-\\nufactures of straw bonnets, shoes,\\nboots, boxes and boats total amount\\nof manufactures in one year, $210,-\\n472, of which $160,186 were for\\nstraw bonnets, for which this town\\nis celebrated. Franklin lies 27 miles\\nS. W. by S. from Boston, and 17 S.\\nS. W. from Dedham. Population,\\n1837, 1,696.\\nFraiililiiij Ct.\\nNew London CO. Shetucket riv-\\ner separates tliis town from Lisbon.\\nThe surface of Franklin is uneven;\\nthe soil a gravelly loam, more fit\\nfor grazing than tillage. There is\\na woolen factory on Beaver brook,\\na branch of the Shetucket, but the\\nchief business of the people is rear-\\ning sheep, and other agricultural\\npursuits. Population, 1830, 1,194.\\nIt lies 34 miles E. S. E. from Hart-\\nford, and 7 N. by W. from Norwich.\\nFranklin was taken from Norwich\\nin 1786.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFreedom, Me. I\\nWaldo CO. Previous to its incor-\\nporation, in 1313, the territor}^ of\\nFreedom was called Beaver Hill.\\nIt was first settled in 1794, It i^ a\\ngood township of land, and bound-\\ned W. by Albion, and E. by Knox.\\nIt is about 20 miles E. S. E. from\\nBelfast, and 25 N. E. from Auicus-\\nta. Freedom, in 1837, with a pop-\\nulation of 1,058, produced 6,084\\nbushels of wheat.\\nFreedom, X. H.\\nStrafford co. This town, former-\\nly JVorih Ejfingham, was incorpo-\\nrated by its present name, Dec. 6,\\n1832. It is an uneven township,\\nbut has some good farms. It is\\nbounded in part by the Ossipee lake,\\nand river, which discharge east-\\nwardly into the Saco. Distant 60\\nmiles N. N.E. from Concord. Pop-\\nulation, in 1833, about 900.\\nFreeman, Me.\\nFranklin co. This small town\\nof only 17,000 acres, most of which\\nis woodland, with a population\\nof 805, produced 6,485 bushels of\\nwheat in 1337. Freeman is the\\nsource of a small branch of Sandy\\nriver. It lies 62 miles N. W. from\\nAugusta, and 15 N. from Farming-\\nton.\\nFreeport, Me.\\nCumberland CO. This is a respect-\\nable town with a plea -.nnt village,\\nand small harbor at the head of Cas-\\nco bay, on the road from Portland\\nto Brunswick, 18 miles N. by E.\\nfrom the former, 9 S. W. from the\\nlatter, and 36 S. S. W. from Augus-\\nta. Freeport was taken from North\\nYarmouth in 1789, and was former-\\nly called the Harrasecket Settle-\\nment, from the name of the river\\nthat passes through it. This is a\\nplace of some navigation, ship build-\\ning, and agricultural enterprize.\\nPopulation, 1S37, 2,659.\\nFreetoTrn, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This tow^n lies on the\\nE. side of Taunton river, 8 miles\\nS. from Taunton, 12 N. by W. from\\nNew Bedford, and 40 S. from Bos-\\nton. First settled, 1659. Incor-\\nporated, 1633. Population, 1837,\\n1,779. It is watered by a branch\\nof Taunton river, and has some nav-\\nigation. The manufactures of Free-\\ntown consist of iron castings, cut-\\nlery, axes, shovels, spades, hoes,\\nforks, nails, leather, boots, shoes,\\nvessels, chairs, and cabinet ware.\\nTotal amount, in one year, $43,820.\\nThe soil is light, and keeps, among\\nother cattle, about 1,000 sheep.\\nFrench. River.\\nThis river rises in Leicester, Mass.\\nIt passes through Auburn, Oxford,\\nand Dudley; it then enters the state\\nof Connecticut and joins the Quin-\\nebaugh at Thompson. Some French\\nprotestants settled on this river in\\n1635.\\nFrencliman 8 Bay, Me.\\nThis important bay, in the county\\nof Hancock, containing a number\\nof excellent harbors and beautiful\\nislands, is bounded W. by Baker s\\nisland, one of the Cranberry islands,\\nand E. by a peninsula in Goldsbo-\\nrough, on the W. side of which is\\nINIusquito harbor. The distance\\nacross this bay, from Baker s island\\nto Goldsborough point, is 10 miles.\\nThis bay juts in from the Atlantic\\nocean about 20 miles, and is envi-\\nroned by the towns of Eden, Tren-\\nton, Hancock, Franklin, Sullivan,\\nand Goldsborough, and is the recip-\\nient of many valuable streams. It\\nis easy of access, never obstructed\\nby ice, and is one of the best retreats\\nin a storm on the American coast.\\nFriendsbip, Me.\\nLincoln co. This is an Atlantic\\ntown, containing several islands, at\\nthe head of Muscongus bay. It\\nwas formerly called the Meduncook", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSettlement, as lying between a riv-\\ner of that name and the Muscongus.\\nFriendship is a place of consider-\\nable navigation and trade. It lies\\n48 miles S. E. from Augusta, and\\n10 miles S. W. from Vv^arren. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 662.\\nFryelmrgii, Me.\\nOxford CO. This interesting and\\npleasant town lies on both sides of\\nSaco river, on the line of New\\nHampshire. The uplands are not\\nremarkable for their fertility, but\\nthe intervales on the Saco are of the\\nchoicest kind. Fryeburgh is only 6\\nmiles square, yet the Saco here is\\nso fantastic in its course that it winds\\nitself between .30 and 40 miles with-\\nin its limits. This town, the Indian\\nPequawket, lies 75 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, 47 N. W. from Port-\\nland, and 28 S. W. from Paris.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,444. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1777. The principal village\\nis situated on a plain, surrounded by\\nlofty hills, and watered by the Sa-\\nco it bears evident marks of anti-\\nquity, and has an academy with\\na cabinet of rare curiosities, col-\\nlected with much diligence.\\nLovewell s pond lies a short distance\\nfrom the village. This beautiful\\nsheet of water, now the resort for\\ninnocent amusements, was once the\\nscene of bloody combat, and of the\\noverthrow of a powerful Indian\\ntribe.\\nThe story of LoveiveU s Fight\\nhas been told thousands of times,\\nbut as it is identified with the town\\nof which we treat, we quote a brief\\nnotice of the event from the North\\nAmerican Review.\\nIt was on the 18th of April,\\n1725, that Capt. John Love well, of\\nDunstable, Massachusetts, with 34\\nmen, fought a famous Indian chief,\\nnamed Paugus, at the head of about\\n80 savages, near the shores of a\\npond in Pequawket, Lovewell s\\nmen were determined to conquer\\nor die, although out-numbered by\\nthe Indians more than one half.\\nThey fought till Lovewell and Pau-\\ngus were killed, and all Lovewell s\\nmen but nine were either killed or\\nwounded dangerously. The sava-\\nges having lost, as was supposed,\\n60 of their number out of 80, and\\nbeing convinced of the fierce and\\ndetermined resolution of their foes,\\nat length retreated and left thera\\nmasters of the ground. The scene\\nof this desperate and bloody action,\\nwhich took place in the town which\\nis now called Fryeburgh, is often\\nvisited with interest to this day,\\nand the names of those who fell,\\nand those who survived, are yet re-\\npeated with emotions of grateful\\nexultation.\\nFundy, May of.\\nThis bay washes a part of the\\neastern shore of Maine and as it\\nis an important channel of com-\\nmerce between the United States\\nand the British provinces of New\\nBrunswick and Nova Scotia, it may\\nbe useful to notice it. This large\\nand important bay sets up N. E.\\nround cape Sable, the most south-\\nern point of Nova Scotia, in N. lat.\\n43\u00c2\u00b0 24 W. Ion. 65\u00c2\u00b0 39 and cross-\\nes to the shore of Maine a little W.\\nof Frenchman s bay. From the\\nmouth of Frenchman s bay to Cape\\nSable is about 150 miles from\\nEastport to St. John s, N. B. is 60\\nmiles from St. John s to Annapo-\\nlis, in a bay of that name, on the\\nNova Scotia side, is 40 miles from\\nthence to Halifax, by land, is 80\\nmiles. From Eastport direct to\\nAnnapolis, across the bay, is about\\n70 miles. The Bay of Fundy is\\ndivided near its head by cape Chig-\\nnecto. The N. W. part is called\\nChignecto bay the S. E. part the\\nBasin of Mines. From Eastport to\\nCumberland, at the head of Chig-\\nnecto bay, is about 170 miles; to\\nV/indsor, at the head of the Basin\\nof Mines, is about 150. From\\nWindsor to Halifax in N. lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0\\n39 20 W. Ion. 63\u00c2\u00b0 36 40 is 45\\nmiles.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe commerce on this bay with\\nour friends and neighbors, the Eng-\\nlish, is very considerable. While\\nthey receive bread stuffs and other\\nproductions of our soil, we are in-\\ndebted to them for vast quantities\\nof grindstones and gypsum to sharp-\\nen our tools and renovate the soil.\\nThe gypsum is principally from the\\nBasin of Mines;\u00e2\u0080\u0094 it lies embedded\\nin elevated masses along the shores\\nof the bay it is easily quarried\\nand taken on board of vessels by\\nthe sides of the cliffs. This gypsum\\nis of a tine quaUty, and it is doubtful\\nwhether any has been discovered\\nin our own country as good.\\nThe grindstones from Cumber-\\nland, or Chignecto bay, are every\\nwhere celebrated. The source is\\ninexhaustible, and the manufacture\\nimmense.\\nThe tides in the bay of Fundy\\nare supposed to rise to a greater\\nheight than in any other part of the\\nworld. Their elevation increases\\nas you ascend the bay. At East-\\nport they rise 25 feet at St. John s\\n80 at Cape Split, 55 at Windsor,\\n60, and at Cumberland, at the head\\nof Chignecto bay, they rise to the\\nenormous height of 71 feet. These\\ntides announce themselves some\\ntime before their approach, by a\\nsound resembling that of a rushing\\nwind in a forest they dash against\\nthe shore with a reddish hue, the\\ncolor of the clay bottom over which\\nthey pass, with frightful violence\\nat tirst, to the height of from 8 to\\n10 feet, overwhelming all within\\ntheir reach.\\nThere are but few islands with-\\nin this bay. Grand Menan, and a\\ncluster of small islands round it, off\\nWest Quoddy Head,and Campo Bel-\\nlo, near Eastport, are the principal.\\nThey belong to the British. A\\nsmall island about 5 miles off the\\nS. W. part of cape Chignecto, call-\\ned Isle de Haut, contains beauti-\\nful specimens of asbestos.\\nThe rapidity of the tides within\\nthis bay, the fogs whicJi frequently\\n13*\\nprevail, and the absence of good\\nha-bors between Eastport and St.\\nJohn s, and from St. John s to cape\\nChignecto, render the navigation\\ndifficult and often dangerous.\\nThe harbor of St. John s is easy\\nof access, safe, and of sufficient ex-\\npanse for a large fleet of any draught\\nof water. The city of St. John s\\ncontains about 15,000 inhabitants.\\nIt is located at the outlet of the\\ngreat river whose name it bears, in\\nN. lat. 45\u00c2\u00b0 20 W. Ion. 66\u00c2\u00b0. This\\ncity is a very flourishing place. It\\nis the largest resource for timber and\\nlumber that Queen Victoria has in\\nher possessions.\\nSt. John s river rises in Canada\\nand the northern part of Maine. It\\nreceives the Madawaska, St. Fran-\\ncis, Aroostook, and many other val-\\nuable tributaries, from Maine; it\\nwaters a large portion of its north-\\nern territory, and bears many valu-\\nable productions of that state to its\\nmouth. This river is 350 miles\\nlong the tide flows up about 80\\nmiles it is navigable for boats 200\\nmiles, and for sloops of 50 tons 80\\nmiles. This river and its branches\\nwater a large tract of excellent\\ncountry. About 30 miles from its\\nmouth commences a fine level coun-\\ntry of rich meadow lands,well cloth-\\ned with timber. The river furnish-\\nes a great quantity of salmon, bass\\nand sturgeon. About a mile above\\nthe city of St. John s is the only\\nentrance into this river. It is about\\n80 or 100 yards wide, 400 yards\\nlong, called the falls of the river.\\nIt being narrow, and a ridge of rocks\\nrunning across the bottom of the\\nchannel, on which there are not\\nabove 17 feet of water, it is not suf-\\nficiently spacious to discharge the\\nfresh waters of the river above.\\nThe common tides here rising above\\n20 feet, the waters of the river at\\nlow water are about 20 feet higher\\nthan the waters of the sea at high\\nwater the waters of the sea are\\nabout 5 feet higher than those of\\nthe river so that at every tide there", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nare two falJs, one outwards and one\\ninwards. The only time of pass-\\ning with safety is when the waters\\nof the river and of the sea are lev-\\nel, which is twice in a tide, and\\ncontinues only about 20 minutes\\neach time.\\nFrederickton, the capital of New\\nBrunswick, lies on this river, 80\\niTiiles from its mouth, in N, lat 46\u00c2\u00b0\\nS W. Ion. 6G\u00c2\u00b0 45\\nsuperior architecture. Population\\n1837, .3,709. The present^popS\\ntion is about 5,000.\\nGardiaei Me.\\nKennebec co. Gardiner was for-\\nmerly a part of Pittston, and lies\\non the W. side of Kennebec river,\\n6 miles S. from Au.crusta, and 4 be-\\nlow Hallowell. It is located at the\\nhead of large navigation, and in re-\\ngard to its commerce, manufactur-\\ning and agricultural interests, it is\\nconsidered one of the most flourish-\\ning towns in Maine. It was incor-\\nporated in 1S03, and was named in\\nhonor of Dr. Sylvester Gardi-\\nKER, one of the proprietors of the\\nold Plymouth patent.\\nThe Cobbessecontee waters meet\\nthe Kennebec river at this place,\\nand produce a water power of g-reat\\nusefulness and extent. Here are\\nmills for sawing lumber of all di-\\nmensions, and here are vessels of\\nfrom SO to 120 tons burthen, lading\\nIt for transportation to its various\\nmarkets. Here are also manuf\\\\ic-\\ntures of various other kinds. This\\ntown, Hallowell and Augusta,lie in\\na most favored section of our coun-\\ntry. What we have said in regard\\nto the location of Hallowell and\\nAugusta, may be applied to Gard-\\niner. These towns are on the same\\nside of a noble river, united by the\\nsame interests and feelings, and will\\nsoon be connected by a rail-road\\npassing between them. The vil-\\nlage of Gardiner is very pleasant\\nThe business part lying on the riv-\\ner, 13 full of activity and enterprise.\\nThe buildings, on a gentle rise from\\nthe river, are beautifully located.\\nThey command a delightful pros-\\npect, and some of them are of\\nGardner, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Otter river, a con-\\ngiderable stream, a branch of Mil-\\nler s river, rises partly in this town,\\nand affords good mill seats. On this\\nriver is some good intervale land\\nthe high lands are rough, but good\\nor grazing. The value of palm-\\nieat hats, straw bonnets, chairs\\ncabinet and wooden wares, leath-\\ner, boots and shoes, manufactured\\nin one year, amounted to $132,-\\n272. The cabinet ware and chairs\\namounted to $109,000. Gardner\\nwas incorporated in 1785, and lies\\n54 miles N. W. by W. from Boston\\nand 23 N. W. by N. from Worces-\\nter. Population, 1837, 1,276.\\nA church was formed here in\\n1786, and the Rev. Jonathan Osgood\\nwas ordained. He died in 1825 af-\\nter sustaining the vocations of jms-\\ntor,2^hysician and school master, 30\\nyears,\\nGariaiid, Me.\\nPenobscot CO. Garland is water-\\ned by some of the head branches\\not Kenduskeag stream. It lies 74\\nmiles N. E. by N. from Augusta,\\nand 27 N. W. from Bangor, fucor-\\nporated, 1811. Population, 1830\\n621 1837, 932. This is an excel-\\nlent township of land it produced\\nm 1837, 6,521 bushels of wheat.\\nGay Head, Mass.\\nSee Chilmark.\\nGeorgetown, Me.\\nLincoln co. Georgetown is con-\\nstituted of two considerable islands\\nlying at the mouth of Kennebec\\nriver. These islands have Kenne-\\nbec river on the W., Sheepscot riv-\\ner on the E., and separated from\\nWoolwich on the N. by a naviga-\\nble passage between those two riv-\\ners. It is a Httle below Bath, on\\nthe opposite shore. This is one", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof the most ancient settlements in\\nMaine. The town was incorporat-\\nedinl716. Population, 1S37, 1,355.\\nIt lies 46 miles S. from Augusta,\\nand 12 S. W. from Wiscasset. This\\ntown has excellent harbors, and pos-\\nsesses peculiar privileges for all oc-\\ncupations connected with naviga-\\ntion and the fisheries.\\nGeorgeto^vii, Mass.\\nEssex CO. Georgetown was the\\nW. part of Rowley It was called\\nJS ew Rowley for some years, un-\\ntil its incorporation as a separate\\ntown, in 1838. Georgetown is wa-\\ntered hy a branch of Parker s riv-\\ner, and is almost entirely engaged\\nin manufactures and the mechanic\\narts. It is a pleasant town and high-\\nly flourishing. Population, about\\n1,500. It lies 30 miles N. from\\nBoston, and 10 S. W. from Newbu-\\nryport. The people of Georgetown\\nare probably more extensively en-\\ngaged in the manufacture of boots\\nand shoes than at any other place,\\nof its population, in America. The\\nvalue of boots and shoes manufac-\\ntured, and leather tanned, is said to\\nexceed $500,000 annually.\\nGeorgia, Vt.\\nFranklin co. Population, 1S30,\\n1,897. Georgia lies 40 miles N.\\nW. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from\\nSt. Albans. First settled, 1784.\\nThe soil of Georgia is various but\\ngenerally fertile. It feeds about\\n11,000 sheep. The Lamoille pass-\\nes through the S. E. corner of the\\ntoAvn, which, with other streams,\\ngive it an ample water power. This\\nis a place of considerable trade and\\nsome manufactures. Over Stone\\nBridge brook is a stone bridge,\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\na curious piece of nature s mechan-\\nism. Georgia is washed on the\\nby Lake Champlain the village is\\npleasantly located, and commands\\nsome very pretty lake and moun-\\ntain scenery.\\nGilead, Me.\\nOxford CO. Between two moun-\\ntains on both sides of Androscoggin\\nriver. There is some good land on\\nthe river, but the chief part of the\\ntownship is fit only for grazing.\\nThe expense of transportation of\\nfuel down the mountains, in a slip-\\npery time, is very trifling. Gilead\\nlies 71 miles W. from Augusta, and\\n25 S. S. W. from Paris. Incorpora-\\nted, 1804. Population, 1837, 374.\\nGilford, ]V. H.,\\nOne of the four shire towns for\\nStraflbrd county, is situated on the\\nS. side of Winnepisiogee lake.\\nThis town lies 26 miles^N. N. E.\\nfrom Concord, and 48 N. W. from\\nPortsmouth. The soil is generally\\nproductive. There are two ponds\\nin this town, Little and Chattlebo-\\nrough. Gunstock and Mile s rivers,\\nrising in Suncook mountains and\\nflowi ng N. into the lake, are the\\nprincipal streams. The N. source\\nof the Suncook river is on the S.\\nof these mountains, which extend\\nin a lofty pile over the E. part of\\nthe town, from Gilmanton line near-\\nly to the lake. There are seven isl-\\nands in the lake, belonging to Gil-\\nford, one of which has been con-\\nnected to the main land by abridge\\n30 rods in length. This town,\\nwhich was formerly a part of Gil-\\nmanton, was incorporated June 16,\\n1812. It was settled in 1778.\\nHere are manufactories of cotton\\ngoods, besides other useful mills\\nand machinery. Four bridges\\nacross the Winnepisiogee connect\\nthe town with Meredith. The vil-\\nlage at this place is thriving and\\npleasant. Population, 1830, 1,872.\\nGill, Mass.\\nFranklin co. A mountainous\\ntownship on the W. side of Con-\\nnecticut river 86 miles W. by N.\\nfrom Boston, and 5 E. N. E. from\\nGreenfield. Gill contains a fine", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntract of rich intervale on a bend\\nof the Connecticut, The people\\nare generally engaged in farming.\\nThe town is divided from Greenfield\\nby Fall river. It has some manu-\\nfactures of combs, wooden ware,\\nleather and palm-leaf hats. The\\nfleeces of 1,809 sheep weighed\\n5,627 pounds, and were valued, in\\n1837, at $2,214. Population, 1837,\\n809. Taken from Deerfield in\\n1793.\\nGilmaiitoii; N. II.\\nOne of the shire towns in Straf-\\nford county, 17 miles N. N. E. from\\nConcord, and 45 W. N. W. fi-om\\nPortsmouth. It is bounded N. and\\nN. E, by Gilford and Alton. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 3,816. Beside the\\nWinnepisiogee, this town is water-\\n\u00c2\u00bbed by the Suncook and Soucook\\nrivers, which have their sources in\\nGilmanton. The Suncook rises in a\\npond near the top of one of the\\nSuncook mountains, elevated 900\\nfeet above its base. The water of\\nthis pond falls into another at the\\nfoot of the mountain, of 1 mile in\\nlength and 1-2 mile wide. Passing\\nfrom this, it falls into another, cov-\\nering about 500 acres, from which\\nit meanders through the town, re-\\nceiving several streams in its course.\\nThe Soucook rises from Loon,\\nRocky and Shellcamp ponds, in the\\nS. part of the town. This town is\\nvery hilly and rocky. The soil is\\nhard, but fruitful, when properly\\ncultivated. The geology of this\\ntown presents many varieties.\\nThere are several springs in Gilman-\\nton, termed mineral one of which\\nhas proved efficacious in cutaneous\\nand bilious affections. This town\\nwas granted May 20, 1727, to 24\\npersons of the name of Gilman, and\\n152 others. In Dec. 1761, Benja-\\nmin and John Mudgett, with their\\nfamilies, settled here. Dorothy\\nWeed, the first child, was born here\\nOct. 13, 1762. An academy was\\nfounded here in 1764. Its produc-\\ntive funds are about $11,000. The\\ntheological seminary at this place\\nis connected with the academy, and\\nis a flourishing institution.\\nOilsum, N. H.\\nA small township in Cheshire\\ncounty, situated about 10 miles E.\\nfrom the Connecticut. The soil is,\\nin many parts, fertile, and produces\\ngood crops of grass and grain.\\nAshuelot river runs through this\\ntown and affords a good supply of\\nwater for mills, which is improv-\\ned for cotton and other manufac-\\ntures. Gilsum was granted July\\n13, 1763, to Messrs. Gilbert, Sum-\\nner and others. From the com-\\nbination of the first syllables of the\\nnames of these men, it derives the\\nname of Gil-sum. The first settle-\\nment was made in 1764. Gilsum\\nlies 55 miles S. W. by W. from\\nConcord, and about 9 N. from\\nKeene. Population, 1830, 642.\\nGleuburn, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This territory\\nwas called Dutton, from 1822 to\\n1837. It lies 76 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 10 N. N. W. from\\nBangor. Population, 1837, 717.\\nGlenburn is situated on both sides\\nof the great bend of Kenduskeag\\nstream. It has a water power, but\\nthe inhabitants are mostly farmers.\\nThe soil is good, and considerable\\nwheat is raised.\\nGlastenTbury, Vt.\\nBennington co. This is a town-\\nship of 40 square miles of moun-\\ntainous land, more fit for the resi-\\ndence of wild beasts than human\\nbeings. It is 9 miles N. E. from\\nBennington. Population, 1830, 59.\\nGlastenlmry, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town, pre-\\nvious to its incorporation in 1690,\\nhad been attached to Wethersfield.\\nIt lies Oft the east side of Connecti-\\ncut river opposite to Wethersfield,\\n8 miles S. from Hartford. It has", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsome fine land on Connecticut riv-\\ner. The face of the uphvuds is rough\\nbut generally productive. About\\na mile and a half from Connecticut\\nriver, and 8 miles from Chatham\\nfreestone quarry, in a romantic spot\\nbetween the hillji,is a beautiful vil-\\nlage connected with the Hartford\\nManufacturing Company. Roar-\\ning brook, at this place, passes\\nthrough a very narrow defile, afford-\\ning a great and constant water pow-\\ner. Cotton ii manufactured here\\nto a considerable extent, and the\\nvillage is very flourishing. From\\nthe hills around this village a great\\nvariety of delightful scenery is ob-\\nservable. Population, 1S30, 2,980.\\nIn the eastern part of the town\\nthere is a pond of about a mile in\\ncircumference, called Diamond\\npond, from the circumstance of\\nthere being small pebbles or stones\\naround its margin, having a pe-\\nculiar brilliancy. Near the cen-\\ntre of the town there is a mineral\\nspring, which, though it has acquir-\\ned no celebrity abroad, has been\\nthought by men of science who\\nhave examined it, to possess valua-\\nble medicinal qualities and for\\nmore than one hundred years has\\nbeen known by the name of the\\nPool of Neipseic\\nGloucester, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a maritime\\ntownship, comprising the whole of\\nCape Ann, and celebrated for the\\nenterprise of its people in the fish-\\neries and commercial pursuits. It\\nis one of the oldest fishing estab-\\nlishments in the state. Tliis cape\\nextends about 8 miles into the sea,\\nand forms the northern boundary of\\nMassachusetts bay. Its harbor is\\ncapacious, easy of access at any\\nseason, and of sufficient water for\\nships of great burthen. Gloucester\\nharbor and the chief settlements\\nare on the south side. Sandy and\\nSquam bays lie on the north side,\\nabout 4 miles fi-om the south har-\\nbor, and afford harbors for small\\nvessels. The lights on Thatcher s\\nisland bear about northeast 6 miles\\nfrom East Point, the eastern boun-\\ndary of Gloucester harbor. As\\nearly as 1794 the exports from this\\nplace, in one year, amounted to\\nij^230,000. Here are immense quar-\\nries of light and grayish granite,\\nwhich is split with great ease, and\\nin large regularly formed blocks.\\nThis stone is of a fine grain, is easi-\\nly dressed, and can be put on board\\nof vessels with little expense. The\\ndemand for this stone is rapidly in-\\ncreasing, and the quarrying, ham-\\nmering, and transporting it gives\\nemployment to many men and ves-\\nsels. The canal across the neck\\nof the cape has failed of that suc-\\ncess which was anticipated. The\\nmanufacture of palm-leaf hats,\\nboots, shoes, hats, vessels, chairs,\\ntin and cabinet wares, in the year\\nending April 1, 1837, amounted to\\n$46,726. In that year there were\\n221 vesrels employed in the cod\\nand mackerel fishery, the tornage\\nof which was 9,824 tons. They\\ntook 55,181 quintals of cod fish, and\\n43,934 barrels of mackerel 113,-\\n760 bushels of salt was used, and\\n1,580 hands employed. The value\\nof the cod and mackerel taken was\\n$;522,082. There are belonging to\\nthis place a great number of vessels\\nengaged in foreign and domestic\\ntrade. The total tonnage of the\\ndistrict in 1837 was 18,802 tons.\\nThis town lies in N. lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 36\\nW. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 40 and was incorpora-\\nted in 1639. Population, 1820,\\n6,-384; 1830, 7,513; 1837, 8,822.\\nIt lies 29 miles N. E. from Boston,\\nand 16 N. E. by E. from Salem.\\nGloucester is a very pleasant town,\\nand a delightful retreat in summer\\nmonths,\\nGloucestei*, R.. I.\\nProvidence co. This large and\\nrespectable manufacturing town\\nlies 16 miles W. S. W. from Provi-\\ndence, and 50 E. by N. from Hart-\\nford. First settled, 1700. Incorpo-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrated, 1730. The surface of the\\ntown is somewhat broken by hills,\\nbut the soil is well adapted to agri-\\ncultural purposes, particularly to\\ngrazing. Gloucester furnishes large\\nsupplies of various products for\\nmarket. There are tine forests in\\nseveral parts of the town, and large\\nquantities of ship and other timber\\nare conveyed to Providence and\\nother places. The Chepachet and\\nsome smaller streams give Glou-\\ncester a good water power. Man-\\nufacturing establishments are very\\nnumerous, and Gloucester yields to\\nbut few towns in New England in\\nthe value of this branch of indus-\\ntry, particularly in the manufac-\\nture of cotton. Population, 1830,\\n2,522.\\nGlover, Vt.\\nOrleans co. Glover was first set-\\ntled in 1797. It lies 33 miles N.\\nN. E. from Montpelier, and 12 S.\\nby E. from Irasburgh, The town\\nis hilly, and the soil is more fit for\\ngrazing than tillage. There are\\nabout 3,200 sheep in the town.\\nThere are in the town branches of\\nBarton s, Passumpsic, Lamoille, and\\nBlack rivers, and several ponds.\\nOn these streams are some manu-\\nfactures, but none of any great\\nimportance. Population, 1830,902.\\nWe copy an account of the run-\\nning off of Long Pond, from\\nThompson s valuable Gazetteer of\\nVermont.\\nLong pond was situated partly\\nin this township and partly in\\nGreensborough. This pond was\\none and a half miles long, and about\\nhalf a mile wide, and discharged its\\nwaters to the south, forming one of\\nthe head branches of the river La-\\nmoille. On the 6th of June, 1810,\\nabout 60 persons w^ent to this pond\\nfor the purpose of opening an out-\\nJet to the north into Barton river,\\nthat the mills, on that stream, might\\nreceive an occasional supply of wa-\\nter. A small channel was excava-\\nted, and the water commenced run-\\nning in a northerly direction. It\\nhappened that the northern barrier\\nof the pond consisted entirely of\\nquicksand, except an encrusting of\\nclay next the water. The sand\\nwas immediately removed by the\\ncurrent, and a large channel formed.\\nThe basin formed by the encrusting\\nof clay was incapable of sustaining\\nthe incumbent mass of waters, and\\nit brake. The whole pond imme-\\ndiately took a northerly course, and,\\nin fifteen minutes from this time, its\\nbed was left entirely bare. It was\\ndischarged so suddenly that the\\ncountry below was instantly inun-\\ndated. The deluge advanced like\\na wall of waters, 60 or 70 feet in\\nheight, and 20 rods in width, level-\\ning the forests and the hills, and\\nfilling up the valleys, and sweeping\\noff mills, houses, barns, fences, cat-\\ntle, horses and sheep as it passed,\\nfor the distance of more than ten\\nmiles, and barely giving the inhab-\\nitants sufficient notice of its ap-\\nproach to escape with their lives in-\\nto the mountains. A rock, suppos-\\ned to weigh more than 100 tons,\\nwas removed half a mile from its\\nbed. The waters removed so rap-\\nidly as to reach Memphremagog\\nlake, distance 27 miles, in about\\nsix hours from the time they left\\nthe pond. Nothing now remains\\nof the pond but its bed, a part of\\nwhich is cultivated and a part over-\\ngrown with bushes and wild grass,\\nwith a small brook running through\\nit, which is now the head branch\\nof Barton river. The channel\\nthrough which the waters escaped\\nis 127 feet in depth and several\\nrods in width. A pond, some dis-\\ntance below, was, at first, entirely\\nfilled with sand, which has since\\nsettled down, and it is now about\\none half its former dimensions.\\nMarks of the ravages are still to be\\nseen through nearly the whole\\ncourse of Barton river.\\nGoffstown, N. H.,\\nHillsborough co., is 12 miles N.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nby E. from Amherst, and 16 S. from\\nConcord. Piscataquog river, the\\ntributary branches of which unite\\nnear the W. line of the town, runs\\nthrough its centre in an E. direc-\\ntion, and falls into Merrimack riv-\\ner at Piscataquog village in Bed-\\nford. Large quantities of lumber\\nare annually floated down this riv-\\ner to the Merrimack, and most of\\nthe mill privileges are derived from\\nthis valuable stream. There are\\ntwo considerable elevations in the\\nS. W. part of the town, which ob-\\ntained from the Indians the name\\nof Un-can-nu-nuc. On the rivers\\nare considerable tracts of valuable\\nintervale. Back from the rivers\\ncommence extensive plains, easy of\\ncultivation, and producing abun-\\ndant crops of Indian corn and rye.\\nFrom these plains the land rises\\non each side of Piscataquog river\\ninto large swells. In this town\\nthere is an extemive cotton factory.\\nThe Goffstown Manufacturing Com-\\npany are erecting a large woolen\\nfactory at a flourishing village, in\\nthe W. part of the town, on Piscat-\\naquog river. Population, 1S30,\\n2,213.\\nDr. JoxATHAr^j- Gove, a man\\ndistinguished for his urbanity, his\\ntalonts and professional skill, resid-\\ned in this town. He was one of\\nthe oldest practitioners of medicine\\nin the county. He was many years\\nan active member of the legisla-\\nture.\\nGoldsboroiigli, Z5Ie.\\nHancock co. This is a large\\ntownship, on the Atlantic ocean,\\ncontaining a number of excellent\\nharbors, and nearly surrounded by\\nwater. It is admirably located for\\nall the various pursuits in naviga-\\ntion. Goldsborough harbor, on the\\nE. side of the town, is capacious and\\neasy of approach by almost any\\nwind. Frenchman s bay extends\\non the W. side of the town and af-\\nfords it many commercial advanta-\\nges. It lies 99 mileg E. from Au-\\ngusta, 27 S. E. from Ellsworth, and\\nis bounded by Sullivan on the N.\\nIncorporated, 1789. Popula ;ion,\\n1830, 880; 1837, 1,047.\\nGorliam, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town li\\nwatered on the N. E. side by Pre-\\nsumpscut river, and the Cumberland\\nand Oxford canal. It is 9 miles W.\\nN. W. from Portland, and 63 S. W.\\nfrom Augusta. Gorham was first\\nsettled in 1736, bj John Phinney\\nand others from Barnstable county,\\niSIass. jNIaine was at that time\\nalmost a wilderness. Portland, Sa-\\nco and Scarborough were very fee-\\nble in consequence of the depreda-\\ntions of the Indians. These peo-\\nple endured great privations, and\\nfor many years were in constant\\napprehension of attack by the sav-\\nages. The wives and daugh-\\nters of the first settlers of Gorham\\nshared in all the toils and wants of\\ntheir husbands and fithers they\\nused to labor in the field, carry bur-\\ndens, go to mill, and aid in defence\\nof their property. One time when\\nmost of the men were away, the\\nIndians attacked the fort, and the\\nwife of Hugh McLellan rallied the\\nwomen in the garrison, shut the\\ngates, mounted the walls, fired up-\\non the Indians, and by her courage\\nand activity baffled the enemy till\\nsuccor arrived.\\nRev. Solomon Lombard, a native\\nof Truro, Mass., was the first set-\\ntled minister. His annual salary\\nwas \u00c2\u00a353, 6s. Sd. He was ordained\\nDec. 26, 1750. One hundred and\\ntwenty dollars were raised to defray\\nthe expenses of the ordination.\\nWe copy the following from the\\nlist of supplies for that occasion, to\\nshow the prices of some articles at\\nthat period.\\n1 barrel of flour, \u00c2\u00a314 7s. 6d.\\n3 bushels of apples, 2 8\\n2 barrels of cider, 9\\n2 gallons of brandy, 5\\n1 bottle of vinegar, 5\\n2 cheeses, 6d. per lb.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n54^ lbs. of pork, 7J, per lb.\\n6 candles, \u00c2\u00a30 Is. Od.\\n1 oz. of nutmegs, 10\\n8 fowls, 1 16\\n29 lbs. sugar, 8 14\\n1 tea pot, 1 10\\n4 gallons of rum, 5 4\\n2 bushels cranberries, 2\\n1 lb. of tea, 10\\n1 lb. of ginger, 2\\n6 gals, molasses, 2s. 8 per gal.\\n4 oz. of pepper, 6\\nGorham is very pleasantly loca-\\nted its soil is of a superior quali-\\nty it has a flourishing academy, on\\na solid foundation it is a place of\\nconsiderable trade, and of exten-\\nsive manufactures of cotton, wool,\\nleather, starch, and gunpowder.\\nGorham has produced many men of\\ntalents, among which were eminent\\njurists and statesmen. It is noted\\nfor its attachment to the principles\\nof the revolution.\\nFrom 1807 to 1834, twenty per-\\nsons died in Gorham, whose aver-\\nage age was 94 years. Population,\\n1837, 3,022.\\nGorliani, K H.,\\nCoos CO., is a rough and unpro-\\nductive township lying on the north-\\nerly base of the V. bite mountains,\\nand bounded E. by Shelburne, N.\\nby Berlin, and W. by Randolph,\\nand is 96 miles N. from Concord.\\nSeveral streams descend from the\\nmountains through this town into\\nthe Androscoggin. It was former-\\nly called Shelburne Addition, but\\nwas incorporated by its present\\nname June 18, 1836. Population\\nin 1830, 111.\\nGoslieii, N. H.,\\nSullivan co., is bounded N. by\\nNewport and Wendell, E. by New-\\nbury, S. by Washington, and W. by\\nLempster and Unity. It is 42 miles\\nW. by N. from Concord. Croydon\\nturnpike passes through Goshen.\\nFrom Sunapce mountain, lying in\\nthe E. part of this town, spring ma-\\nny small streams, which unite in\\nforming Sugar river. Rand s pond\\nis in the N. E. part of the town.\\nThe soil is particularly calculated i\\nfor the production of grass. It was\\nincorporated Dec. 27, 1791. The j\\nfirst settlement was made about the I\\nyear 1769, by Capt. Benjamin Rand,\\nWilliam Lang, and Daniel Grindle,\\nwhose sufferings and hardships were\\nvery great. The crops of the first\\nsettlers were greatly injured, and\\nsometimes entirely destroyed by\\nearly frosts. In such cases they\\nprocured grain from Walpole and\\nother places. At a certain time of\\nscarcity, Capt. Rand went to that\\nplace after grain, and being detain-\\ned by a violent snow storm, his\\nfamily was obliged to live without\\nprovision for six days, during which\\ntime Mrs. Rand sustained one of\\nhis children, 5 years old, by the milk\\nfrom her breast, having a short time\\nbefore buried her infant child. Pop-\\nulation in 1830, 772.\\nCroslieu, Vt.\\nAddison co. First settled, 1800.\\nPopulation, 1830, 555. Goshen lies\\n30 milc3 S. W. from Montpelier,\\nand 15 S. E. from Middlebury. Lei-\\ncester and Philadelphia rivers sup-\\nply the town with mill privileges.\\nThe lands along the rivers are very _\\ngood, but in general they are too\\nmountainous for profitable cultiva-\\ntion. Some minerals are found in\\nthis town.\\nGoslieu, Mass.\\nHampshire co. A mountainous\\ntown, 103 miles W. by N. fj-om Bos-\\nton, and 12 N. W. from Northamp-\\nton. Some valuable minerals are\\nfound here, such as emeralds, lead,\\nand tin. The manufactures of Go-\\nshen are small, chiefly of boots and\\nshoes. The value of 3,048 fleeces\\nof wool, produced in 1837, was sold\\nfor $4,500. Population, 1837, 560.\\nGoslicH, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. First settled, 1738.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nIncorporated, 1749. Population,\\n1830, 1,734. Goshen lies 6 miles\\nN. from Litcliiield, 42 N. N. W.\\nfrom New Haven, and 32 W. from\\nHartford. Great attention is paid\\nin this town to the education of\\nyouth. Ivy mountain, in Goshen,\\nis considered the most elevated point\\nof land in the state its summit pre-\\nsents an extensive and delightful\\npro jpect. Goshen is the most ele-\\nvated township in the state, but not\\ngenerally mountainous the surface\\nbeing undulating, aflbrding an in-\\nteresting diversity of hills and vales.\\nThe soil is a gravelly loam, deep,\\nstrong and fertile, admirably adapt-\\ned for grazing. This is one of the\\nbest towns for the dairy business in\\nthe state. Large quantities of cheese\\nare annually made, the fame of\\nwhich is V, idely and Justly celebrat-\\ned, and the inhabitants are general-\\nly in prosperous circumstances. In\\nneatness, in and about their dwell-\\nings, and in the appearance of gen-\\neral comfort and prosperity, they\\nare not exceeded, if equalled, by\\nany tov\u00c2\u00bb*n in the state.\\nGosport, ]V. II.\\nSee Isles of Shoals.\\nGrafton Coimty, K. H.\\nIlaverhUl and Plymouth are the\\ncounty towns.\\nThis county extends from lat. 43\u00c2\u00b0\\n27 to 44= 22 N. It is 58 miles in\\nlength, and its greatest breadth is\\nSO miles. It contains 828,623 acres,\\nbesides a large tract of ungranted\\nland. It is bounded N. by the coun-\\nty of Coos, E. by Strafford, S. by\\nMerrimack, and V. by the state\\nof Vermont. Grafton county is wa-\\ntered by Connecticut river, on\\nwhich are several pleasant and\\nflourishing towns by Pemigewas-\\nset, and Lower Amonoosuck rivers,\\nand by many smaller streams.\\nSquam and Newfound lakes are the\\nlargest collections of water. The\\nformer, of which a considerable\\npart lies in Strafford county, has\\n14\\nbeen much celebrated for its pic-\\nturesque beauties. Its numerous\\nangular projections, the variety of\\nits islands covered with wood, and\\nthe vicinity of lofty mountains, ren-\\nder it an object peculiarly interest-\\ning. There are numerous eleva-\\ntions which come under the name\\nof mountains. Those of the most\\nimportance are Gardner s in Ly-\\nnjan, Peaked in Bethlehem, Moose-\\nhillock in Coventry, Cushman s and\\nthe Blue mount in Peeling, Carr s\\nin Warren and Ellsworth, Moose in\\nHanover, and Cardigan in Orange.\\nA larsre portion of Grafton county\\nis mouniainous and hilly, but this\\ncircumstance does not prevent its\\nproductiveness. It presents fine\\ntracts for pasturage, a large propor-\\ntion of arable land, and on the riv-\\ners, extenjive and fertile intervales.\\nThis county is emphatically a\\nwool growing county, and there\\nwere, in 18.37, more than 120,000\\nsheep within its borders.\\nThe first settlement in this county\\nwas made at Lebanon, and this was\\nthe first settlement on Connecticut\\nriver north of Charlestown. It was\\nconstituted a county, wlarch 19,\\n1771, and received its name in\\nhonor of Augustus Henry Fitzroy,\\nDuke of Grafton. Population in\\n1775, 3..597; in 1790, 12,449; in\\n1800, 20,171; in 1810,28,402; in\\n1820, 32,989 and in 1830, 38,691.\\nGraft OM, N. U.,\\nGrafton co., is bounded N. E. by\\nOrange, S. E. by Banbury, S. W.\\nby Springfield, and N. W. by En-\\nfield. It is 36 miles N. W. from\\nConcord, and 13 S. E. from Dart-\\nmouth college. It is watered by\\nbranches of Smith s and Mascomy\\nrivers. Heard s liver, a small trib-\\nutary to Smith s river, waters the\\nS. E. part. There are 5 ponds.\\nTb.e largest, containing from 200 to\\n300 acres, is called Grafton pond.\\nTwo are named Mud ponds. The\\nsurface of Grafton is very hilly, in\\nsome parts very mountainous and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe soil is so rocky as, in many\\nplaces, to be unlit for culiivation.\\nThere are, however, some good\\ntracts of land. The Gi-afton turn-\\npike, leading- from Andover to Or-\\nford bridge, passes through the E.\\npart, and the 4th N. H. turnpike,\\nfrom Concord (o Hanover, tiirough\\nthe V/. part. In this town there is\\na remarkable ledge, called the Pin-\\nnacle, on the S. side of which the\\nground rises by a gradual ascent to\\nthe summit; but on the N. side, it\\nfalls nearly 150 feet, within the dis-\\ntance of 6 or 8 feet. Isinglass, as\\nit is commonly called, is found in a\\nstate of great purity in Glass Hiil\\nmountain. It adheres in the form\\nof lamina to rocks of white and yel-\\nlow quartz. The usual size of these\\nlamina is about G inches square, but\\nsome have been found much larger.\\nIt requires much labor to obtain\\nthis glass, which, when prepared,\\nis transported to Boston, and from\\nthence exported to England. It is\\nfound on the E. side of the moun-\\ntain, which is 200 feet high. Gnif-\\nton was granted Aug. 14, 1761,\\nto Ephraim Sherman and others.\\nThe first permanent settlement was\\nmade in J^Iay, 1772, by Capt. Jo-\\nseph Hoyt, from Poplin. Capt.\\nAlexander Pixley and wife we-c\\nthe second family who settled here.\\nIncorporated in 177S. Population\\nin 1830, 1,207.\\nGrafton, Vt.\\nWindham co. Grafton is finely\\nwatered by Sexton s river, which is\\nformed in the town by the union of\\nseveral streams and by a branch\\nof Williams river. On these streams\\nare manufactui-es of woolen and\\nother goods. Soap-stone of an ex-\\ncellent quality is very abundant in\\nthis place. It is man-ifactured by\\nwater power for various uses to a\\ngreat extent it is bored for aque-\\nducts and sold at a very low price.\\nThis town contains two pleasant\\nand flourishing villages, and a great\\nvariety of mineral treasure. Its\\nsurface is uneven with a strong and\\nproductive soil. Grafton was first\\nsettled, 1780. Population, 1830,\\n1,439. It lies 90 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, and 18 N. from New-\\nfane.\\nGrafton, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This important\\nmanufacturing town, the Hassana-\\nmiseo of the Indians, was incorpo-\\nrated in 1735, It lies 36 miles S.\\nW. by W. from Boston, and 9 S. E.\\nfrom orcester. Population, 1830,\\n1,839; 1837, 2,910. Blackstone riv-\\ner and several large ponds give this\\ntown a constant and valuable water\\npower. There are 5 cotton and 1\\nwoolen mills. The total amount of\\nthe manufoctui-es of Grafton, the year\\nending April 1, 1837, was $1,052,\\n448. The manufactures consisted\\nof cotton and woolen goods, boots,\\nshoes, leather, scythes, chairs, tin,\\ncabinet and wooden wares, shoe\\ntools and bricks. The manufac-\\nture of boots and shoes amounted\\nto ^614,141, employing 1,392 males\\nand females. Grafton has a fine\\nsoil, is beautifully located, and ex-\\nceedingly nourishing.\\nGiranljy, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This town is nearly\\nallied to Ferdinand, both in loca-\\ntion and the character of the soil.\\nGranby lies the next town S. of it,\\nand 97 people, it is said, reside with-\\nin the limits of Granby.\\nOraiiby, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This town lies\\n90 miles W. by S. from Boston, and\\n9 S. E. from Northampton. Incor-\\nporated, 1763. It has good fish\\nponds and two small streams. There\\nare two woolen mills in the town\\nand 2,067 sheep. The wool, in\\n1837, sold for $3,670. Population,\\n1837, 922. It is said that copper\\nore of a good quality is found in\\nGranby.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nGranby, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1786, and \\\\vns that\\npart of Simsbury which contains\\nthe famous Simsbury mines the old\\nstate prison of Connecticut. The\\ncavern, once occupied as a prison,\\nis now worked, as formerly, as a\\ncopper mine. This odious place,\\nunlit for the residence of the worst\\nof criminals, is 16 miles N. N.\\nW. from Hartford. The pit or cav-\\nern is more than 50 feet in depth,\\ndark, damp and dismal. The worst\\nstigma that can be cast on the good\\npeople of Connecticut is, that this\\ninfernal region was suffered to re-\\nmain nearly 40 years the abode\\nof their fellow beings. There are\\nsome hills in Granby of considera-\\nble elevation. Barn door hills rise\\nbetween four and five hundred feet,\\nand have the appearance of having\\nbeen separated by some convulsion\\nof nature. Turkey hills and Sal-\\nmon brook are pleasant villages, and\\nhave the appearance of prosperity.\\nFarmington river w-aters the for-\\nmer, and a branch of that river, the\\nlatter. Population, 1830, 2,722.\\nGrand Isle County, Vt.\\nJVorth Hero is the county town.\\nThis county comprises a group of\\nislands in Lake Champlain, and a\\npoint of land jutling into the N.\\npart of that lake on the S. side of\\nthe Canada line, on which Alburgh\\nis situated. This county contains\\nabout 80 square miles most of the\\nland is level and excellent for graz-\\ning and tillage. This county has\\nno considerable streams, but its nav-\\nigable facilities are very great. It\\nwas first settled about the close of\\nthe revolutionary war. Incorpora-\\nted, 1802. It contained, in 1837,\\nabout 16,000 sheep. Population,\\n1820, 3,527; 1830, 3,696. Popula-\\ntion to a square mile, 46.\\nGrand Isle, Vt.\\nGrand Isle co. This town is\\nbounded on all sides by Lake Cham-\\nplain except on the S., where it is\\nbounded by South Hero, from which\\nit was taken in 1809. It lies 50\\nmiles N. W. from Montpelier, and\\n18 N. by W. from Burlington.\\nFirst settled, 17S3. Population,\\n1830, 643. The soil of the town is\\nvery fertile it produces fine crops\\nof grain and an abundance of fruit\\nand cider. Marble, lime-stone, rock\\ncrystals. Sec, are found here, and\\nGrand Isle contains the only water\\nmill in the county. This is a fine\\nplace for fishing and fowling.\\nGrand Lake*\\nThis is a large collection of wa-\\nter, lying partly in the county of\\nWashington, Me., and partly in\\nNew Brunswick. It contains a large\\nnumber of islands: it receives the\\nwaters of many small lakes and\\nrivers, and is the chief source of the\\nriver St. Croix. It lies about 90\\nmiles N. E. from Bangor.\\nGi antliam., ]V. H.,\\nSullivan co., is bounded N. by\\nEnfield, E. by Springfield, S. by\\nCroydon, and W. by Plainfield,\\nwhich separates it from Connecticut\\nriver. It is 12 miles S. E. from\\nDartmouth college, and 45 N. W.\\nfrom Concord. There are 7 or 8\\nponds, the largest of which lies in\\nthe S. E. part of the town and is\\ncalled Eastman s pond, containing\\nnearly 300 acres. Another, lying\\nnear the centre of the town, con-\\ntains nearly 200 acres. Croydon\\nmountain extends through the west-\\nerly part of Grantham in a direc-\\ntion from S. W. to N. E. The soil\\nis productive, especially on the VV.\\nof the mountain. It seems to be\\nmore favorable for wheat than any\\nother species of grain. The moun-\\ntain affords good pasturage, and the\\nlower land yields grass in abund-\\nance. On the E. side of the moun-\\ntain is a spring supposed to possess\\nmedicinal qualities, visited by hun-\\ndreds of valetudinarians in the sum-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmer season. On the summit of\\nCroydon mountain is a natural pond,\\ncontaining about 5u acres. This\\ntown was first granted July 11,\\n1761, but the proprietors not fuifill-\\ning the conditions of the charter, it\\nwas forfeited. In 1767, it was re-\\ngranted to Col. William Symmes and\\n63 others, by the name of Gran-\\ntham. Incoi poraied in 1761. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 1,079.\\nGfi-aiivllle, Vt.\\nAddison co. See Barnard, Me.\\nGraiaville, Mass.\\nHampden co. This is a moun-\\ntainous township, 110 miles W. S.\\nW. from Boston, and 14 W. from\\nSpringfield. It contains good soap-\\nstone and 1,500 sheep. The wool\\nsold in 1837 for $2,572. There are\\nsome manufactures in Granville of\\npocket books, hoots, shoes, leather,\\nand silver ware. Although the\\nland is high, the soil in many parts\\nis very good and productive. The\\nvillage is very pleasant. Incorpora-\\nted, 1754. Population, 1837,1,439.\\nGray, Me.\\nCumberland co. This is a fine farm-\\ning town, watered by branches of\\nNorth Yarmouth and Presumpscot\\nrivers, and containing a large part of\\nLittle Sebago pond. It lies 17 miles\\nN. by W. from Portland and 44 S.\\nW. from Augusta. Incorporated,\\n1778. Population, 1337, 1,671.\\nGi-ay is a pleasant town and a place\\nof considerable trade and some man-\\nufactures.\\nGreat Earriiigtoii, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. A very pleasant\\ntown in the valley of Housatonick\\nriver, 12.5 miles Y*.^ by S. from Bos-\\nton, and 14 S. from Lenox. Incor-\\nporated, 1761. Population, 1837,\\n2,440. Monument mountain, in\\nthis town, is quite lofty it presents\\nsome wild and picturesque scenery.\\nHere are good iron ore, beautifully\\nvariegated marble, and a good mill\\nstream. The soil on the banks of\\nthe Housatonick is fertile and the\\nuplands are well adapted for graz-\\ning. The manufactures consist of\\ncotton and woolen goods, boots,\\nshoes, leather, hats, pig iron, lasts,\\ntin ware, bevils and guages. To-\\ntal amount of manufactures in one\\nyear, $122,369. This town the\\nsame year (1837) produced 2,657\\nfleeces of merino wool, valued at\\nSP 3\\nGr\u00c2\u00abat-]Says, N. H.\\nThe largest is that lying E. from\\nNew Market, formed by the united\\nv/aters of Swamscot, Winnicut, and\\nLaniprey rivers. It is 4 miles wide,\\nand at some seasons is picturesque\\nas connected with the surrounding\\nscenery. This bay has Newington\\non the E., Greenland and Stratham\\non the S., and New Market and\\nDurham W, its waters pass N. E.\\nthrough Little bay, where Oyster\\nriver unites with the current which\\npasses into the Piscataqua.\\nGreat-Bay, between Sanbornton\\nand Meredith, is a body of wa-\\nter, connected with Winnepisiogee\\nlake, and dischai-ging its waters in-\\nto Winnepisiogee river. Round and\\nLong bays are situated between the\\nlake and Great Bay, and there are\\ntwo small bays on the river below\\nGreat Island, N. H.\\nSee JVew Castle.\\nGreat IVorks Stream, Me.\\nThis stream has anumber of trib-\\nutaries, and is an important branch\\nof the Penobscot. It has many sites\\nfor mills, and falls into the Penob-\\nscot, on the E. side, opposite to the\\nIndian settlement at Oldtown. At\\nits confluence with the Penobscot\\nthere is a considerable village.\\nThere is another stream of this\\nname, which rises in York county,\\nand passes to Salmon Fall river, at\\nSouth Berwick.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nGreene, Me.\\nKennebec CO. Greene has several\\nponds, but no good mill privileges.\\nIt lies on the E. side of Androscog-\\ngin river, 6 miles above Lewiston,\\nand 22 S. W. from Augusta. It is\\nan excellent farming town, and\\nproduced, in 1S37, 3,27S bushels of\\nwheat. Incorporated, 178S. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,366.\\nGreeiil)us!i, Me.\\nPenobscot CO. This territory was\\ncalled the Olammon Plantation,\\nuntil its incorporation in 1834.\\nOlammon stream, one of the most\\nbeautiful tributaries of the Penob-\\nscot, joins that river, on the E. side,\\nin Greenbush, affording an exten-\\nsive hydraulic power. Greenbush\\nis a flourishing place, and lies about\\n25 miles N. by E. from Bangor.\\nPopulation, 1830, 333; 1837, h oQ.\\nGreenfield, Me.\\nHancock co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1834. It was No. 38\\non the Bingham Purchase. See\\nDown East.\\nGreenfield, N, H.,\\nHillsborough co., is bounded N.\\nby Francestown and Society-Land,\\nE. by Francestown and Lyndebo-\\nrough, S. by Lyndeborough and\\nTemple, and W. by Peterborough\\nand Hancock. It is 14 miles W.\\nN. W. from Amherst, and 33 S. AV.\\nfrom Concord. Contoocook river\\nforms part of the W. boundary, and\\nseparates this town from Hancock,\\nThe soil is generally fertile. The\\nhills afford excellent pasturage the\\nvalleys and plains are favorable for\\ngrain. Hops are raised in great\\nabundance. A part of Crotchcd\\nmountain rises from the N. part,\\nand part of Lyndeborough mountain\\nfrom the S. and E. sections of this\\ntown. There are some valuable\\nmeadows in one of them have\\nbeen found many Indian relics, from\\nwhich it is conjectured that it was\\n14*\\na favorite spot of the sons of the\\nforest. There are five ponds the\\nlargest about one mile in length,\\nand one third of its length in width.\\nThe first settlement commenced in\\n1771, by Capt. Alexander Park-\\ner, Slajor A. Whittemore, Simeon\\nFletcher, and others. It was incor-\\nporated June 15, 1791. Population,\\nin 1830, 946.\\nGreenfield, Mass.\\nCounty town, Franklin co. This\\ntown lies on the W. side of Connec-\\nticut river, and is washed by Green\\nriver, an excellent mill stream, a\\nbranch of the Deerfield. The vil-\\nlage is situated about 2 miles from\\nConnecticut liver, and is very beau-\\ntiful and flourishing. There is a\\nwoolen mill in Greenfield with four\\nsets of machinery and manufac-\\ntures of boots, shoes, leather, hats,\\niron castings, chairs, cabinet and\\ntin wares, saddles, harnesses,trunks,\\nstove and lead aqueduct pipe, iron\\nwork, guns, pistols, rifles, coach-\\nes, wagons, books, ,c. The total\\namount of manufactures, for the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, was\\n,$164,844. ^The value of wool, the\\npioductof 2,153 fleeces, sheared in\\n1837, was $3,404. There is an\\nacademy for young ladies in this\\ntown, a farming school for young\\nmen, and some iron and copper ores.\\nGreenfield lies 95 miles W. by N.\\nfrom Boston, and 22 N. from North-\\nampton. Incorporated, 1753. Pop-\\nulation, 1S30, 1,540; 1837, 1,840\\nGreenland, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., is situated five\\nmiles W.S.W. from Portsmouth, and\\n45 E.S.E. from Concord it is bound-\\ned N. by the Great-Bay and New-\\nington, E. by Portsmouth and Rye,\\nS. by North-IIampion, and \\\\V. by\\nStratham. The soil is remarkably\\ngood. The orchards and gardens\\nof this town are valuable, and yield\\nannual profits to the farmers.\\nGreenland, originally a part of Ports-\\nmouth, was incorporated as a dis-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntinct town in 1703, Settlements\\ncommenced early, and in 1705 there\\nwere 329 inhabitants.\\nRev. Samuel M Cl,intock,\\nD. D., who died in the 48th year\\nof his ministry, was hoi-n at Med-\\nford, Mass., May 1, 1732; gradua-\\nted at the New Jersey college in\\n1751; ordained in 1756; and died\\nApril 27, 1804, aged 72. His fa-\\nther was a native of Ireland. Dr.\\nM Clintock was a sound divine, em-\\ninent as a preacher, and distinguish-\\ned for his attachment to the cause\\nof his country. He served as a\\nchaplain in tlie army of the revolu-\\ntion. Population in 1830, GSl.\\nGreen Momiataiais.\\nThis range of mountains rises in\\nLower Canada. They pass nearly\\nthrough the centre of Vermont,\\nfrom N. to S., and the westerly\\nparts of the states of Massachusetts\\nand Connecticut, and terminate near\\nNcAV Haven, on Long Island Sound.\\nFrom their green appearance they\\ngive the name to Vermont, and de-\\ncrease in height as they approach\\nthe south. The north peak, in Mans-\\nfield, Vt., is the greatest elevation,\\nbeing 4,279 feet above the surface\\nof lake Champlain.\\nGreen Kivei-s.\\nGreen, or Quodotchquoik river,\\nin the N. E. part of Penobscot coun-\\nty, Maine, is an important branch\\nof the St. John s, and joins that riv-\\ner about 24 miles W. from the line\\nof New Brunswick.\\nGreen river, in Massacliit setts,\\nrises in the high lands at the N. W.\\ncorner of Berkshire county it pas-\\nses N. W. through Williamstovvn,\\nand the S. W. corner of Vermont,\\nand joins the Hoosick in N. Y.\\nThere are several smaller streams\\nin New England of the same name.\\nGreeaislsoi oiigla, Vt.\\nOrleans oo. Vf ^illiam Scott Shep-\\nard, born March 25, 1789, was the\\nfirst white child brought forth in\\nthis town. For his good fortune in\\ntliis respect, the proprietors of the\\ntownship gave him 100 acres of\\nland. Beautiful lake and seve-\\nral other lakes and ponds in this\\ntown, form a part of the head wa-\\nters of the river Lamoille. This\\ntown is v/ell timbered the sur-\\nface is not very elevated the soil\\nin general is good, particularly for\\ngrazing. It produces some fine cat-\\ntle, and keeps about 4,000 sheep.\\nPopulation, 1830, 784.\\nGreenville, BIc.\\nPiscataquis co. The Haskell\\nPlantation, incorporated in 1836.\\n109 miles from Augusta. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 132. See Down East.\\nGrceiiAvicli. Mass.\\nHampshire co. There are anum-\\nbei- of ponds in this town, by which,\\nand Swift river passing through it,\\na good water power is acquired.\\nThere is a woolen mill in the town,\\nand manufactures of shoes, boots,\\npalm-leaf hats, and scythes. In-\\ncorporated, 1754. Population, 1837,\\n842. Greenwich lies 75 miles W.\\nfi om Boston, and 17 N. E. from\\nNorthampton.\\nGreeii^vicli, Ct.\\nFairfield co. The settlement of\\nthis town commenced in 1640, and\\nwas incorporated by Stuyvesant,\\nthe Dutch governor at New York,\\nin 16G5. Greenwich comprises three\\nparishes or villages, West Green-\\nwich, Greenwich on the E. and\\nStanwich on the N. West Green-\\nwich, on Horse JYech, so called\\nfrom a peninsula on the Sound for-\\nmei ly used as a horse pasture, is the\\nlargest and most important part of\\nthe town. Greenwich is watered\\nby By ran river, the boundaiy line\\nbetween the town and state of New\\nYork, and the most southern part of\\nNew England. At the outlet of\\nByran river, on the New York side,\\nis a place called Satvpits, a noted\\nlanding place on the Sound, 28 miles", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nN. E IVom New York. Miannus\\ncreek and other smaller streams\\nwater the town.\\nA great battle took place between\\nthe Dutch and Indians at Horse\\nNeck, in 1646. The action was\\nlong and severe, both parties light-\\ning with much obstinacy. The\\nDutch with much dilhculty kept\\nthe field, and the Indians with-\\ndrew. Great numbers were slain\\non both sides, and tlie graves of the\\ndead, for a century or more, appear-\\ned like a number of small hills.\\nPutnam s Hill is situated in\\nWest Greenvvdch, about five miles\\nW. from Stamford, on the main road\\nto New York. This place is cele-\\nbrated for the daring exploit of Gen-\\neral Putnam, who descended this\\nprecipice when pursued by the Brit-\\nish dragoons.\\nGreenwich is a rough and uneven\\ntownship, with a productive soil.\\nIt presents some wild scenery along\\nthe road, and many beautiful views\\nof Long Island Sound. It lies 48\\nmiles W. S. W. from New Haven,\\nand 20 W. S. W. from Fairfield.\\nPopulation, 1830, 3,S05.\\nGreeu^ivood, Ble.\\nOxford CO. Incorporated, 1815.\\nPopulation, 1837, 754. It lies 53\\nmiles W. by S. fiom Augusta, and\\n7 N, W. from Paris. This is a\\ntownship of excellent land. The\\ninhabitants are generally engaged\\nin agricultural pursuits.\\nGriswolcl, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town\\nwas taken from Preston in 1815,\\nand is separated from Lisbon by\\nQuennebaugh river. The Pochaug,\\na sluggish stream, passes through\\nthe town. The principal village,\\nwhich is very neat and pretty, con-\\ntaining about yOO inhabitants, is\\ncalled Jeii^ett City. The city lies\\non the east side of the Quonnebaug,\\nat this place a very powerful stream,\\nand contains three extensive cotton\\nfactories, a church, bank, and a\\nnumber of handsom\u00c2\u00ab buildings.\\nThis little city is said to be very\\nprOL-perous in its manufacturing and\\ncommercial concerns. It lies 8\\nmiles N. E. from Norwich, and 46\\nE. S. E. from Hartford. There are\\nother manufactories of cotton in\\nthis town, and some of wool. The\\nsuiface of Griswoid is hilly its soil\\na o-raveliy loam some produce is\\nsent to market, and about 3,000\\nsheep are kept. Population, 1S30,\\nGrotoii, K. H.,\\nGrafton co., is bound N. by Rum-\\nncy, E. by Hebron, S. by Orange,\\nand W. by Dorchester. It is 10\\nmiles S. W. from Plymouth, 45 N.\\nVr. from Concord, and 15 S. E. from\\nHanover. The north part is v. a-\\ntered by a branch of Baker s river,\\nand the southerly part has sev-\\neral small streams, which fall into\\nNewfound lake. There is but one\\npond of any consequence lying whol-\\nly in thistown, and that is situated\\nabout a mile N. E. of the meeting-\\nhouse. Groton was granted July\\n8, 1761, to George Abbot and others\\nby the name of Cochernioutk. It\\nwas re-granted, about five years af-\\nterwards, to Col. John Hale and oth-\\ners, and the first settlement was\\ncommenced in 1770. Incorporated\\nby the name of Groton, Dec. 1796.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 639.\\nGroton, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. First settled, 1787.\\nWells river and its branches afford\\nthis town a good water power.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThere are a number of ponds in\\nGroton, well stored with excellent\\nfish, some of which are large and\\nhandsome. The soil of the town is\\ngenerally hard, but there is some\\nchoice land along the streams, and\\ngood timber.\\nThe wife of a Mr. Page, of this\\ntown, in the year 1819, produced\\nfour lusty green mountain boys\\nat a birth. Svhen domestic manu-\\nfactures of this description and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\namount, are adduced as evidence\\nof the prosperity of a town, it is\\nuseless to talk about water power,\\ncotton factories, or wool growing.\\nGroton lies 16 miles E. by S. from\\nMoutpelier, and 15 S. by W. from\\nDanville. Population, 1830, 836.\\nCiro toa, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a delight-\\nful town, with an extraordinary good\\nsoil; 32 miles N. W. from Boston,\\nand 13 W. by S. from Lowell.\\nGroton was settled soon after\\nConcord. It was for some years a\\nfrontier settlement, and much ex-\\nposed to the Indians. In 1G7G, the\\ntown was attacked by 400 Indians,\\nand all the buildings plundered and\\nburnt, except four garrison houses.\\nThe town is finely watered by\\nthe Nashua and Squanecook rivers\\nand a number of beautiful ponds.\\nThe buildings are in a style of\\ngreat neatness and taste, and some\\nof elegance. Tliis town has a fe-\\nmale seminary of high reputation,\\nand a number of moral and reli-\\ngious institutions. The local beau-\\nties of Groton and its facilities for\\neducation are so great as to induce\\nmany wealthy families to made it\\ntheir residence. The manufactures\\nof Groton consist of paper, axle-\\ntrees, soap-stone pumps, mathemat-\\nical instruments, clothing, palm-\\nleaf hats, chairs, cabinet ware,\\nleather, boots and shoes. Incor-\\nporated, 1655. Population, 1830,\\n2,057.\\nCJrotosi, Ct.\\nNew London co. Groton lies at\\nthe mouth of the river Thames, in\\nthe harbor of New London, and op-\\nposite to that city, on the E. The\\nlands are generally hilly and rocky,\\nwith some fertile tracts on the mar-\\ngin of the Thames. There are sev-\\neral villages, Groton Bank, oppo-\\nsite New London, Portersville, on\\nMystic river, and Pequonnuck.\\nThe Pequonnuck and Mystic riv-\\ners pass through the town, and emp-\\nty into Long Island Sound. A num-\\nber of whale ships and coasting ves-\\nsels are owned in this town. This\\nis a place of some trade, and consid-\\nerable quantities of the produce of\\nthe county is shipped to New York\\nmarket. Ship building is carried\\non to a considerable extent, on\\nthe Mystic, wiiich is navigable for\\nlarge vessels about tu o miles from\\nthe Sound. About 300 men and\\nboys are employed in navigation.\\nPrevious to its incorporation, in\\n1705, Groton was a part of New-\\nLoadon. Population, 1830, 4,705.\\nGroton will ever be memora-\\nble as the theatre of the most im-\\nportant and interesting military\\ntransactions which have taken place\\nin the state. In the early settle-\\nment of the country, the fate of\\nConnecticut was decided by the\\nsword on Pequot hill, within the\\nlin:iits of this town, and the Pequots,\\nthe most haughty and warlike tribe\\nof savages in New England, efFec-\\ntually crushed by a single blow,\\nand their existence as a nation an-\\nnihilated. In the war of the revo-\\nlution, another of the high places\\nof Groton became an Aceldama\\nand the tiower of her sons were sa-\\ncrificed to the vengeance of an in-\\nfuriated enemy.\\nOn the 6th of September, 1781,\\na body of British troops, about 800\\nin number, under the command\\nof Lieut. Col. Eyre, landed on the\\nGroton side, opposite the light-\\nhouse, and having found a lame boy\\ncollecting cattle, compelled him to\\nshow them the cart path to the fort.\\nThey landed about 9 o clock in the\\nmorning of a most delightful day,\\nclear and still. Fort Griswold was\\nunder the command of Lieut. Col.\\nWilliam Ledyard, brother of the\\ncelebrated traveller of the same\\nname. He resided on Groton bank,\\nopposite New London, and was\\nmuch beloved and respected by his\\nneighbors. On the advance of the\\nenemy, Col. Ledyard, having but\\nabout 150 men with him in the fort.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsent out on officer to get assistance,\\nas tljoie w^i-c a nuuiber of hundreds\\nof people collected in the vicinity\\nthis officer, by drinking too much,\\nbecame intoxicated, and no rein-\\nforcement \\\\vas obtained. On the\\nrejection of a summons to surren-\\nder, the I3rilish extended their lines,\\n60 that they were scattered over the\\nfields, and rushed on to the attack\\nwith trailed arms, under the lire of\\nthe Americans, to the assault of\\nthe fort on three sides. Having\\neffected a lodgment in the ditch,\\nthey cut away the pickets, and hav-\\ning scaling ladders, they entered\\nthe fort and knocketl away the gate\\non the inside. While tiie British\\nwere in the ditch, they had cold\\nshot thrown on them, and as they\\nwere entering the embrazures, the\\ngarrison changed their weapons and\\nfought desperately with spears or\\npikes, 15 or IG feet in length, which\\ndid considerable execution. Unfor-\\ntunately they had lent the greater\\npart of the pikes belonging to the\\nfort to a privateer a few days before.\\nMajor Montgomery was hoisted up\\non the walls of the fort by his sol-\\ndiers. As he was flourishing his\\nsword on his entrance, he was mor-\\ntally wounded by Jordan Freeman,\\na colored man, who pierced him\\nthrough witli a spear. Another of-\\nficer was killed by a musket ball,\\nwhile in the fort. As he fell, he ex-\\nclaimed Put every one to death,\\ndoii t spare one. Col. Ledyard,\\nfinding further resistance useless,\\npresented his sword to an officer,\\nwho asked liim who commanded the\\nfort. I did, said Col. Ledyard,\\nbut you do now. The officer\\n(Capt. Bloomfield) took his sword\\nand plunged it into his bosom. Col.\\nLedyard fell on his face and instant-\\nly expired. An indiscriminate mas-\\nsacre now took place, till a British\\nofficer exclaimed ]\\\\Iy soul can-\\nnot bear such destruction, and or-\\ndered a parley to be beat. Such\\nhad been the butchery in the fort,\\nthat it was over shoes in blood in\\nsome parts of the parade ground.\\nSoon after the suriender, a wagoQ\\nwas loaded with wounded Ameii-\\ncans, and set off down the hill it\\nstruck an apple tree with great force,\\nand knocked several of these bleed-\\ning men out, and caused their in-\\nstant death. One of these distress-\\ned men having been thrown ouc of\\nthe wagon, and while crawling to-\\nwards the fence on his hands and\\nknees, was brutally knocked on the\\nhead by the butt end of a musket,\\nby one of the refugees who were\\nattached to the British army. The\\nBritish embarked at the foot of the\\nhill, near the ferry, and took off a\\nnumber of prisoners with them.\\nAs they left the fort, they set fire\\nto a train, intending to blow up the\\nmagazine, in which were about 100\\nbarrels of powder. Fortunately it\\nwas extinguished by our people,\\nwho entered the fort soon after the\\nenemy left it. It is stated that the\\nenemy lost in the attack on the for*^\\n54 killed and 143 wounded, several\\nof whom afterwards died of their\\nwounds. The killed of the enemy\\nwere buried by their comrades at\\nthe gate of the fort, and were so\\nslightly covered that many of their\\nlegs and arms remained above\\nground. Our people who were kill-\\ned at the fort, were stripped, and so\\ndisfigured, covered with blood and\\ndust, that with the exception of\\ntvvo or three, they could not be re-\\ncognized by their friends, except\\nby some particular marks on their\\npersons.\\nThe monument onGroton Heights,\\nin commemoration of the destruction\\nof Groton and New London by the\\ntraitor Arnold, has its foundation\\nstone at an elevation of about 1.30\\nfeet above tide v/ater: the monu-\\nment itself is one hundred and twen-\\nty seven feet in height. The pe-\\ndestal rises about eighteen or twen-\\nty feet, and is twenty three feet\\nsquare on the pedestal rises an\\nobelisk square, ninety two feet in\\nheight, twenty two feet square at its", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbase, and eleven feet at the top.\\nIt is ascended by one hundred and\\nsixty five stone steps, inserted into\\ntlie outer wall, rising in a circular\\nform, their inner ends supported by\\nan iron rail and bannister. The mon-\\nument is constructed of granite, of\\nwhich there is an abundance in the\\nvicinity. The expense of its erec-\\ntion was eleven thousand dollars\\nthis amount was raised by a lottery,\\ngranted by the state for this pur-\\npose.\\nThe following is the inscription,\\non marble, placed over the entrance\\nof the monument.\\nThis Pvlonument\\nwas erected under the patronage\\nof the\\nState of Connecticut,\\nA. D. 1830,\\nand in the 55th year of the Independ-\\nence of the U. S. A.\\nIn memory of the brave Patriots\\nwho fell\\nin the massacre at Fort Griswold,\\nnear this spot,\\non the Gth of September, A. D. 1781,\\nwhen the\\nBritish, under the command\\nof the traitor, Benedict Arnold,\\nburnt the towns of\\nNew London and Groton,\\nand spread desolation and woe\\nthroughout this region.\\nGnildliall, Vt.\\nCounty town of Essex co. Guild-\\nhall is situated on the W. side of\\nConnecticut river, and is united to\\nLancaster, N. H., by two bridges\\nacross the river. The town is wa-\\ntered by several small streams.\\nThe soil of the town is quite uneven\\nand stony, except a tract of inter-\\nvale on the river. Cow and Burn-\\nside mountains are considerable ele-\\nvations, and afford excellent views\\nof the meanderings of the Connec-\\nticut. Guildhall lies 50 miles N.\\nE. from Montpelier, and 90 N. by\\nE. from Windsor. First settled,\\n1789. Population, 1830, 481.\\nGiiilfoi d, Me.\\nPiscataquis CO. This town is fine-\\nly watered by the Piscataquis and\\nsome of its upper branches. It is\\nof fine soil, and produced in 1837,\\n4,965 bushels of wheat. It has a\\npleasant village, a number of mills,\\nand considerable trade. Guilford\\nis 71 miles N. by E. from Augusta,\\n45 N. W. from Bangor, and 12 N.\\nW. from Dover. Incorporated, 1816.\\nPopulation, 1837, 799.\\nGuilford, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town was first\\npermanently settled in 1760. It lies\\n125 miles S. from Monlpelier, 15\\nS. by E. from Newfane, and 30 E.\\nfrom Bennington. Population, 1830,\\n1,760. The people of this town\\ntook an active part in defending the\\nrights of Vermont against the claims\\nof jurisdiction set up by the state\\nof New Yoi k, about the years\\n1783-4. Guilford produced a num-\\nber of patriots in this as also in the\\nrevolutionary cause. The soil of\\nthe town is warm and fertile, ex-\\nceedingly productive of grain, fruits,\\nmaple sugar, butter, cheese, pork,\\nsheep, horses, and beef cattle. It\\nhas good mill seats on Green river\\nand branches of Broad brook, a\\nnumber of manufactories, a medi-\\ncinal spring, and various kinds of\\nminerals.\\nGuilford, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This town, the\\nMenunkatuc of the Indians, was\\nfirst settled in 1639. The town was\\nsettled by a party of Non-Conform-\\nists from England, at the head of\\nwhich was the Rev. Henry Whit-\\nfield. Mr. Whitfield s house, built\\nof stone, in 1640, is now standing,\\noccupied, and in good repair. The\\ncement used in building it, is said\\nto be harder than the stone itself.\\nThis building was used by the first\\nsettlers as a fort and place of refuge\\nagainst the attacks of the natives.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe first inarriasje in the town was\\nsolemnized in this building. The\\ntreat on the occasion was pork and\\npeas. Guilford borough was incor-\\nporated in 1S15. It is handsomely\\nlocated two miles from Long Island\\nSound, on a tract of alluvial plain,\\nand near a small stream called the\\nMenunkatuc. The buildings in the\\nborough are neat, but somewhat\\nantiquated in their appearance.\\nGuilford is a place of resort for sea\\nair and bathing. The accommoda-\\ntions are very good. The scenery\\nin the vicinity of Sachem s Head\\nis wild and picturesque. The soil\\nof Guilford is well adapted to agri-\\ncultural pursuits, to which, and some\\ncoasting trade, the principal part of\\nthe inhabitants are devoted. It lies\\n16 miles E. from New Haven, and\\n36 S. from Hartford. Population,\\n1830, 2,344.\\nMaddaiu, Ct.\\nOne of the county towns of Mid-\\ndlesex CO. Incorporated, 166S. This\\ntown lies on both sides of Connec-\\nticut river. Haddam Society, on\\nthe W. side, is the largest part of\\nthe town, and the seat of justice.\\nThat part of Haddam on the E. side\\nis called Haddam Neck. There\\nis but little alluvial land in Had-\\ndam. The principal part of the\\ntownship is hilly and stony, with\\nconsiderable forests. There are\\nvaluable quarries of granite on both\\nsides of the river. About 150 men\\nare annually employed in quarry-\\ning it, and about $70,000 worth of\\nstone is annually exported. There\\nare many vessels built at Haddam.\\nThe timber in this quarter of the\\ncounty is well adapted for that pur-\\npose. The village of Haddam is\\npleasant, and has a good prospect\\nof the river. It lies 23 miles S.\\nfrom Hartford, and 8 S. E. from\\nMiddletown. Population, 1830, 2,-\\n830.\\nDavid Braixerd, the devoted\\nmissionary among the Indians, first\\ndrew his breath in Haddam.\\nIf the greatness of a character\\nis to be estimated by the object it\\npursues, the danger it braves, the\\ndifficulties it encounters, and the\\npurity and energy of its motives,\\nDavid Brainerd is one of the great-\\nest characters that ever appeared\\nin the world. Compared with this\\nstandard of greatness, what little\\nthings are the Alexanders, the Cae-\\nsars, the conquerors of the whole\\nearth. A nobler object no human\\nor angelic mind could ever propose\\nto itself than to promote the glory\\nof the great Governor of the Uni-\\nverse, in studying and laboring to\\ndiffuse purity and happiness among\\nhis unholy and miserable creatures.\\nHis life and diary among the\\nIndians, says a celebrated English\\ndivine, exliibits a perfect pattern\\nof the qualities which should dis-\\ntinguish the instructor of rude and\\nbarbarous tribes the most invinci-\\nble patience and self denial, the\\nprofoundest humility, exquisite pru-\\ndence, indefatigable industry, and\\nsuch a devotedness to God, or rath-\\ner such an absorption of the whole\\nsoul in zeal for the divine glory\\nand the salvation of men, as is\\nscarcely paralleled since the age of\\nthe apostles.\\nThis faithful servant of Christ\\ndied at the house of the Rev. Jona-\\nthan Edwards, at Northampton,\\nMass., October 10, 1747, aged 30.\\nHatllcy, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This is a plea-\\nsant town on the E. bank of Con-\\nnecticut river, and unites with\\nNorthampton by a beautiful bridge,\\n1,030 feet in length. It was first\\nsettled in 1647. Incorporated, 1661.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,805. It lies 88\\nmiles W. from Boston. Two small\\nstreams afford the town some water\\npower. Hadley contains a lai-ge and\\nfertile tract of alluvial meadow.\\nThe village, situated on the river,\\nis pleasant, and contains many neat\\nand valuable buildings.\\nHadley was a retreat of the cele-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nheated Goffe and Whalley, two of\\nthe judges who condemned Charies\\nI. for execution. They remained\\nsecluded here more than fifteen\\nyears, when Whalley died. Goffc\\ndied and was buried at New Ha-\\nven, Ct., some years after.\\nThe manufactures of Hadley con-\\nsist of leather, boot.?, shoes, hats,\\nglue, palm-leaf hats, wire, chairs,\\ncabinet ware, brooms, and brushes.\\nTotal value the year endino- April\\n1, 1837, $117,850. This town is\\ncelebrated for raising broom corn.\\nThe value of brooms manufactured\\nwas $Sy,248. A considerable quan-\\ntity of the unmanufactured materi-\\nal was scut to other places.\\nHalifax, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town?hip is\\nrather elevated, but of good soil,\\nfinely adapted for grazing. It is\\na place of considerable trade, and\\nof manufactures on its numerous\\nstreams. Its principal streams are\\nGreen river and a branch of the\\nDeerfield. There are some hand-\\nsome falls of \\\\Ajater in Halifax, and\\na curious cave called Dun s Den.\\nThe produotlc the tov;n are\\nbutter, cheese, pork, sheep and oth-\\ner cattle. The cause of education\\nflourishes here, and the people are\\ngenerally independent cultivators\\nof the soil. Halifax lies 125 miles\\nS. from Montpelier, and 15 S. from\\nNev/fane. First settled, 1761.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,562.\\nHalifax, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. The Indian name\\nof this place was Monponset. It\\nlies 28~^mile3 S. S. E. from Boston,\\nand 12 W. by S. fj-om Plymouth.\\nThe surface of the town is gener-\\nally level, with considerable good\\nsoil. Monponset and other ponds\\nare large collections of water, and\\nthe sources of valuable mill privi-\\nleges. There are a cotton and wool-\\nen mill in the town, and manufac-\\nture of shoes and straw brold\\ntotal annual amount of maaufactuics\\nabout ,fUoO,000. Halifax was in-\\ncorporated in 1734. Population,\\n1837, 781.\\nIlallo-well, Me.\\nKennebec co. Kallowell is de-\\nlightfully situated on both sides of\\nKennebec river, between Augusta\\nand Gardiner, two miles below the\\nformer and four miles above the lat-\\nter. The principal village is on the\\nW. side of the river. The streets\\nrun parallel with the river, and the\\nground ascends 200 fr,^et from the\\nlower street, or burliness part of the\\nvillage. On this street are 60 com-\\nmodious stores, constructed princi-\\npally of brick. Most of the dwell-\\ning houses are on the back or ele-\\nvated streets: they are built, as are\\nthe churches, with great taste, and\\nbeing surrounded by beautiful\\ngroves, make a fine appearance.\\nThe varied views of the river, the\\nneighboring towns, and of a fer-\\ntile country of hills and vales, pre-\\nsented from the high grounds on\\neach side of the village, form an ex-\\nhibiiion of scenery of uncommon\\nexcellence. Hallowell is about 3\\nmiles in width, and extends back on\\neach side of the river 5 miles. It\\nwas incorporated in 1771, and in-\\ncluded all the territory of Augusta\\nand a part of Gardiner. From this\\nplace the brave but traitorous Ar-\\nnold marched on an expeullion\\nagainst Canada, in 1776.\\nThere is one water mill in the\\ntown tv/o saw mills, an iron foun-\\ndry and machine shop, worked by\\nsteam. Steam boats ply from this\\nplace to Poi-tland and Boston, dur-\\ning the sca ^on of navigation. There\\nis considerable tonnage at this place:\\na number of vessels are engaged in\\nthe freighting business, and others\\nrun as packets to various places.\\nThe principal exports are lumber,\\ngranite, and all the common pro-\\nductions of a fertile northern cli-\\nmate. The gr;initc quarries at\\nHallov/fU have i)Ci n vvorki^il for\\nI iifteen years with great success.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe granite is of a light color and\\neasily wrought: in some years\\n^100,000 worth of it hasheen trans-\\nported. Vessels drawing 9 feet of\\nwater can come to the wharves in\\nthe centre of the village.\\nAs Ilallowell and Augusta are\\nso closely united in all their vari-\\nous interests and pursuits, a repeti-\\ntion of what we have said of the\\nfavorable position of Augusta, and j\\nof its future prospects, is unneces-\\nsary. With common success in our\\nnational aflflurs, and with a contin-\\nuation of that spirit of enterprize,\\nevery day manifested on the banks\\nof the Kennebec, it requires no\\nMormon siiectacles to foresee that\\nwithin a very few years there will\\nbe a continuous village from the\\nKennebec dam to the mouth of the\\nCobbessecontee. Population, IS20,\\n2,919 1830, 3,964. The present\\npopulation is about 5,009.\\nHallowell was, for many years,\\nthe residence of Be^tjamin Vaug-\\nHAN, LL. D. a gentleman highly\\ndistinguished for his learning, pub-\\nlic benefactions and private virtues.\\nHall s stream, ?I. II.,\\nRises in the highland? which sep-\\narate that state from the British do-\\nminions, and forms the N. W. boun-\\ndary between New Hampshire and\\nLower Canada, from its source to\\nits junction with the Connecticut at\\nStewartstown.\\nHaniileii, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This town was\\ntaken from New Haven in 1786,\\nfrom which it lies about 6 miles N.\\nIt is situated between the East and\\nWest Rock ranges of mountains,\\nthe southern terminus of the Green\\nmouiiiain range. The soil in many\\nparts is easy of cultivation, but in\\ngeneral it is more adapted to graz-\\ning than tillage. r Iinerals are\\nfound here, among wiiich are spe-\\ncimens of very pure copper. Mill\\nliver affords numerous sites for wa-\\nter works.\\n15\\nWhitneysville, about two miles\\nfrom New Haven, is admirably lo-\\ncated for manufacturing opperations.\\nThe manufactures at the Cannel\\ntvorks, consist of paper, carriages,\\ncoach and elipfic springs, steps,\\naxletrees, brass work, c. Mount\\nCarmel, a noted elevation, 8 miles\\nN. from New Haven, exhibits an\\nextensive prospect. Population,\\n1830, 1,669.\\nHamilton, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a beautiful\\nfarming town, and most of the in-\\nhabitants are employed in cultivat-\\nino- it. There are some vessels\\nhmlt here, and some manufactures\\nof leather, boots, and shoes. The\\ntown is quite small. Population,\\n1837, 827. Taken from Ipswich in\\n1793. It lies 8 miles N. by E. from\\nSalem.\\nHaniptieii, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Hampden lies on\\nthe west side of Penobscot, below\\nand adjoining Bangor. It is also\\nwatered by the Sowadabscook riv-\\ner, a large and valuable mill stream.\\nThis is an important township in its\\ncommerce on the Penobscot, its\\nmanufacture of lumber, and its ag-\\nI ricultural productions. It is one\\nj of the most tlourishing towns on the\\nI river. The quantity of wheat pro-\\nduced by the farmers, in 1837, was\\n5,664 bushels. Population, 1830,\\n2,020 1837, 2,520. Hampden is\\n6 niiles S. from Bangor, and 62 E.\\nN. E. from Augusta.\\nHampden County, Mass.\\nSpringfield is the chief town.\\nThis county is very fertile and well\\ncultivated, and in common with all\\nthe counties on Connecticut river,\\nit presents a rich array of delightful\\nscenery. Its rivers afford an abun-\\ndant water power; and this county\\nhas become noted for its various and\\nexten ^ive manufactures. Much\\ninland trade is brought to the banks\\nof the Connecticut,and large exports", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nare made from tliis county, the pro-\\nduct both of the soil and mechani-\\ncal labor. This county was taken\\nfrom Hampshire county in 1812.\\nPopulation, 1820, 28,021 1830, .31,-\\n6 10 18-37, 33,627. Area, 585 square\\nmiles. Bounded S. by Tolland and\\nHartford counties, Connecticut W.\\nby Berkshire county N. by Hamp-\\nshire county, and E. by Worcester\\ncounty 57 inhabitants to a square\\nmile. The Connecticut, Westlield,\\nChickopee, and Quinebaugh are its\\nchief rivers.\\nThe value of the manufactures\\nof this county, the year ending\\nApril 1,1837, v/as $3,056,302. The\\nvalue of wool, the product of 29,950\\nsheep, was f 44,786.\\nMampsliire Comity, Mass.\\nJVorthampton is the chief town.\\nThis ancient county, although its\\nlimits have been greatly reduced by\\nthe production of Franklin and\\nHampden counties, is still increas-\\ning in agricultural, commercial and\\nmanufacturing strength. Located\\nIn the centre of the alluvial basin\\nof the noble Connecticut; blessed\\nwith a rich and variegated soil, and\\ngreat water power, this must ever\\nremain one of the most independ-\\nent counties in New England.\\nArea, 532 square miles. Popula-\\ntion, 1820, 26,447; 1830,30,210;\\n1837, 30,413. Incorporated, 1662.\\nThis county is bounded S. by Hamp-\\nden, W. by Berkshire, N. by Franlt-\\nlin, and E. by Worcester counties\\n57 inhabitants to a square mile.\\nThe Connecticut, Westlield, and\\nSwift, are its chief rivers. The\\nmanufactures of this county, the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, amount-\\ned to $2,335,052. The value of\\nwool, the fleeces of 64,274 sheep,\\namounted to f 103,751.\\nHampstead, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., lies partly on\\nthe height of land between Merri-\\nmack and Piscataqua rivers. Most\\nof the waters descend S W. into\\nthe Merrimack through Spiggot riv-\\ner, which flows from Wash pond,\\nnear the centre of the town. An-\\nglypond is in the N. E. part of the\\ntown, the waters of which pass into\\nPowow river. Island pond, in the\\nS. W, part of the town, contains a\\nvaluable farm of 300 acres. The\\ntown was granted by Gov. Benning\\nWentworth, January 19, 1749, and\\nnamed by him after a pleasant vil-\\nlage live miles N. of London, Eng-\\nland. He reserved the island be-\\nfore mentioned for his own farm.\\nPopulation in 1830, 913.\\nMamptoii, Ble.\\nSee Down East.\\nIlainptosi, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., lies on the sea-\\ncoast, bounded N. E. by North-\\nHampton, S, E. by the Atlantic, S.\\nW. by Hampton Falls, N, W. by\\nHampton Falls and part of Exeter\\nDistant 13 miles S. W. from Ports-\\nmouth, 7 S. E. from Exeter, and 50\\nS. E. from Concord. The soil is\\nwell adapted to tillage and mowing,\\nand about one fifth of the territory\\nis a salt marsh. Hampton is pleas-\\nantly situated many eminences in\\nthe town affording romantic views\\nof the ocean. Isles of Shoals, and\\nsea-coast from Cape Ann to Ports-\\nmouth. Its beaches have long been\\nthe resort of invalids and parties of\\npleasure, and are little inferior to the\\nfamous Nahant beach near Boston.\\nBoar s Head is an abrupt emi-\\nnence extending into the sea, and di-\\nviding the beaches about halfway\\nbetween the rivei- s mouth and the\\nN. E. corner of the town. On the\\nN. beach are numerous tish-houses,\\nfrom which the winter and summer\\nfisheries have been carried on with\\nmuch success. Great quantities of\\nthe winter fish are carried frozen\\ninto the interior, and to Vermont\\nand Canada.\\nThe Indian name of this town\\nwas Winnicumet it was first set-\\ntled in 1638, by emigrants from the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncounty of Norfolk, England. The\\nfirst house was erected in 1635, by\\nNicholas Easton, and was called the\\nBound-house. The town was in-\\ncorporated in 1636, and then inclu-\\nded within its limits what now con-\\nstitutes the towns of North Hamp-\\nton, Hampton Falls, Kensington and\\nScab rook.\\nThis town was formerly the scene\\nof Indian depredations. On the 17th\\nAug. 1703, a party of Indians kill-\\ned 5 persons in Hampton, among\\nwhom was a widow Mussey, cele-\\nbrated as a preacher among the\\nFriends.\\nThe Hon. Chuistopher Top-\\npan died here in Feb., 1819, aged\\n84 he was a very useful and dis-\\ntinguished citizen. Population in\\n1830, 1,103.\\nHampton, Ct.\\nWindham co. This town was\\ntaken from Windham and Pomfret\\nin 1786. The people are generally\\nagriculturalists, with a good strong\\nsoil of an uneven surface. The\\nvillage is pleasantly situated on high\\nground, 33 miles E. from Hartford\\nand 6 from Brooklyn. Hampton\\nhas good mill seats on a branch of\\nShetucket river. Population, 1830,\\n1,101.\\nHampton. Falls, N. II.,\\nRockingham co., is situated 45\\nmiles S. E. from Concord, and 16\\nS, W. from Portsmouth. The soil\\nis generally good. Hampton Falls\\nwas originally a part of Hampton,\\nfrom which it was separated and\\nincorporated, in 1712. Population,\\n1830, 582.\\nHancock County, Me.\\nEllsworth is the chief town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Penobscot\\ncnunty, E. by Washington county,\\nS. by the Atlantic ocean, and W.\\nby Penobscot bay and river, and a\\npart by Penobscot county. Its ex-\\ntent on the ocean is between 50 and\\n60 miles: it comprises numerous\\nislands of great beauty, some of\\nwhich are large, fertile and well\\ncultivated it comprises also nu-\\nmerous bays, and a vast number of\\ncoves, inlets and spacious harbors.\\nPerhaps there is no district of its\\nextent on the American coast, that\\noffers greater facilities for naviga-\\ntion, in all its various branches, than\\nthe county of Hancock. The ton-\\nnage of Frenchman s bay, in this\\ncounty, in 1837, was 13,184 tons.\\nThe soil of the county is generally\\nof an excellent quality, particularly\\nin the interior. There are a great\\nnumber of ponds in the county ev-\\nery section of it is watered by mill\\nstreams, and Union river, nearly\\nin its centre, affords the interior\\npart great facilities for transporta-\\ntion. This county contains an area\\nof about 1,850 square miles. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 24,347; 1837, 28,120.\\nPopulation to a square mile, 15.\\nThis county produced, in 1837, 21,-\\n446 bushels of wheat, and contain-\\ned 38,870 sheep.\\nHancock, Me.\\nHancock co. This town was tak-\\nen from Sullivan and Trenton in\\n1828. It is situated between those\\ntowns, and is nearly surrounded by\\nthe head waters of Frenchman s\\nbay. It is a place of some naviga-\\ntion 85 miles E. from Augusta,\\nand bounded easterly by Ellsworth.\\nPopulation, 1837, 653.\\nHancock, Hi. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 35 miles\\nfrom Concord, 22 from Amherst,\\nand 19 from Keene. The W. part\\nof the town is mountainous, but af-\\nfords excellent pasturing and many\\ngood farms. The other parts of the\\ntown are agreeably diversified with\\nplains, hills and valleys. On the\\nContoocook, and some of its trib-\\nutary streams, there are several\\ntracts of excellent intervale. There\\nare two considerable ponds, one of\\nwhich is in the centre, a few rods\\nN. of the meeting-house. There", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nis a cotton factory, a paper mill, and\\nseveral other manufacturing estab-\\nlishments here also a flourishing-\\nacademy. Hancock was incorpora-\\nted Nov. 5, 1779. It was named\\nafter Gov. Hancock, of Boston, who\\nwas one of the original proprietors.\\nThe first settlement was begun in\\n1764. Population, 1830, 1,316.\\nHaucoclc, Vt.\\nAddison co. Several branches\\nof Otter creek rise in this town.\\nHancock is wholly on the moun-\\ntains, and most of the land fit only\\nfor grazing. First settled, 1778.\\nPopulation, 1830, 472. It lies 30\\nmiles S. W. from Montpelier, and\\n15 S. E. from Middlebury.\\nHancock, Mass*\\nBerkshire co. This is a moun-\\ntainous township, on the line of the\\nstate of New York, the source of\\nthe Housatonick, and the residence\\nof a family of Shakers. It lies\\n129 miles W. from Boston, 15 N.\\nby W. from Lenox, and 5 E. from\\nNew Lebanon, New York. Incor-\\nporated, 1776. Population, 1S37,\\n975.\\nThere are one cotton and three\\nwoolen mills in the town, and some\\nmanufactures of leather, boots,\\nshoes, iron castings, and wooden\\nware. The value of 5,445 fleeces\\nof wool, sheared in 1837, amounted\\nto $11,544.\\nAs we are so near the lovely val-\\nley of New Lebanon, its tepid\\nsprings, and a large family of our\\nfriends, the Shakers, we must be\\npermitted to cross the line a mo-\\nment, just to take a look.\\nJVew Lebanon, New York, is in\\nthe county of Columbia, and sit-\\nuated in a delightful valley, sur-\\nrounded by cultivated hills, which\\npresent scenery greatly variegated\\nand peculiarly pleasing.\\nA community of Shakers, of be-\\ntween 500 and 600, own about 3,000\\nacres of excellent land in this town-\\nship, which is highly improved by\\nthis industrious, hospitable, and cu-\\nrious people. Their village is about\\ntwo miles southeast of the springs.\\nThe Springs are on the side of a\\nhill, and are so abundant as to sup-\\nply a small water power. The wa-\\nters are tasteless, pure as crystal,\\nand appear to differ in no respect\\nfrom other pure mountain waters,\\nexcept in temperature, which is\\nalways at 72\u00c2\u00b0 of Fahrenheit.\\nThis is a great resort for visitors\\nfrom all directions some to enjoy\\nthe romantic scenery with which\\nthis region abounds, and others the\\nbenign influence of the waters. The\\npublic resorts are well located, and\\nafford excellent accommodations.\\nNew Lebanon is 134 miles W. from\\nBoston, 24 E. from Albany, 25 N.\\nE. from Hudson, 7 W. from Pitts-\\nfield, 23 S. by W. from Williams-\\ntown, 156 N. by E. from New\\nYork, and 68 N. W. by W. from\\nHartford. Ct.\\nHanover, ]V. H.\\nGrafton co. The Connecticut\\nriver separates it fiom Norwich,\\nVermont. It is 53 miles N. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 102 from Ports-\\nmouth. In this town there is no\\nriver nor any considerable stream\\nbesides the Connecticut. Mink\\nbrook, running in aS. W. direction.\\nSlate brook in a W. course, and\\nGoose-Pond brook in the N. E. part\\nof the town, are among the princi-\\npal streams. Neither of them is\\nlarge enough for permanent mill\\nprivileges. There are several small\\nislands in Connecticut river within\\nthe limits of Hanover, the largest\\nof which is Parker s island, contain-\\ning about 20 acres. There are no\\nnatural ponds. The surface of\\nHanover is agreeably diversified\\nwith hills and valleys, and the great-\\nest part is suitable for farms. There\\nis but a small proportion of waste\\nland; less, perhaps, than in any other\\ntown in Grafton county. It is es-\\ntimated that ntarly one half is un-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nder improvement. Moose moun-\\ntain is a considerable elevation, ex-\\ntending across the town from N.\\nto S., at the distance of about five\\nmiles from Connecticut river. A\\nhandsome bridge connects the S.\\nW, part of the town with Norwich.\\nThe principal village is in the S.\\nW. corner of the town, on a beau-\\ntiful and extensive plain, half a\\nmile from Connecticut river, and\\n180 feet above the level of its wa-\\nters. Vegetable substances are\\nfound in different parts of this plain\\nat a depth of from 50 to 80 feet.\\nThe principal houses are erected\\nround a square, level area, of 12\\nacres. The remainder stand on\\ndifferent streets, leading from the\\ngreen in all directions.\\nIn this pleasant village is located\\nDartmouth College.\\nSee Register.\\nAmong the worthy men who\\nhave finished their earthly career\\nin this place, may be mentioned\\nthe following\\nRev. Eleazar Wheelock, D.\\nD., who died April 24, 1779, aged\\n69.\\nHon. John Wheelock, LL. D.,\\npresident of the college 35 years,\\nwho died April 4, 1817, aged 63.\\nHon. Bezaleel. Woodward,\\nwho died Aug. 1804.\\nRev. John Smith, D. D., who\\ndied April, 1809.\\nHon. John Hubbard, who died\\nin Sept. 1810.\\nRev. Francis Brown, D. D.,\\nwho died July 27, 1820, aged 36.\\nThese gentlemen were all connect-\\ned with the college. Population,\\n1830, 2,361.\\nHauover, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. Hanover is bound-\\ned S. by North river, which fur-\\nnishes good mill sites. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1727. It lies 23 miles\\nS. E. from Boston, and 12 N. AV.\\nfrom Plymouth. The manufactures\\nof Hanover consist of bar iron, iron\\ncastings, anchors, ploughs, vessels,\\n15*\\ntacks, leather, boots, shoes, and\\nwoolen cloth total annual amount,\\nabout $75,000. Pop. 1837, 1,435.\\nHanson, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town is wa-\\ntered by a branch of North river\\nand several ponds. It was taken\\nfrom Pembroke in 1820, and lies in\\nthe vicinity of large beds of excel-\\nlent iron ore. The manufactures\\nof Hanson consist of ship anchors\\nand knees, nails, carriage springs,\\niron castings, leather, shoes, sawed\\nboxes and shingles total annual\\namount, about $70,000. Population,\\n1837, 1,058. It lies 24 miles S. S.\\nE. from Boston, and 15 N. N. W.\\nfrom Plymouth.\\nHard^viclc, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. Hardwick is fine-\\nly watered by Lamoille river, which\\ngives the town valuable mill sites,\\nand v/hich are well improved for\\nmanufacturing purposes. The soil\\nof the town is generally very good,\\nand produces a variety of exports.\\nBetween six and seven thousand\\nsheep, and many other cattle, are\\nkept in the town, a large amount\\nof which are annually fattened and\\nsent to market.\\nAmong the first settlers of the\\ntown, in 1790, was Mr. Gideon Sa-\\nbin, whose wife became the mother\\nof 26 children. Population, 1830,\\n1,216. Hardwick lies 20 miles N.\\nN. E. from Montpelier, and 13 N.\\nW. from Danville.\\nHard^vick, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Ware river and a\\nsmaller stream pass through the\\nS. part of this town, and furnish\\ngood mill privileges. It lies 62\\nmiles W. from Boston and 22 W. by\\nN. from Worcester. Incorporated,\\n1738. Population, 1837, 1,818.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThere are 2 paper mills in the town,\\nand manufactures of straw bonnets,\\npalm-leaf hats, boots,shoes, ploughs,\\nleather, chairs and cabinet ware\\nannual amount about 50,000.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nHardwick is a pleasant town, of\\ngood soil, with a tine fish pond.\\nHarmony, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town has an\\nexcellent soil, and is well watered by\\na large and beautiful pond, and b3\\nother sources of Sebasticook river.\\nIn iS37 it had a population of 1,048,\\nand produced 6,836 bushels of\\nwheat. It was incorporated in\\n1803, and lies 53 miles N. by E.\\nfrom Augusta, and 23 N. E. from\\nNorridgewock.\\nIlarpsTvell, Me.\\nCumberland co. This township\\ncomprises a promontory in Casco\\nbay, formerly Jllerryconeag, and\\nseveral islands surrounding it, the\\nlargest of wiiich is called Sebascod-\\ncgaji. The waters which enclose\\nthis territory are so situated, at the\\nnorthern and eastern extremity of\\nCasco bay, that a canal of about a\\nmile in length would unite them\\nwith Kennebec river, near Bath.\\nThe soil of Harpswell is very fer-\\ntile, and the location delightful in\\nsusnmer. It is a resort for invalids\\nand parties of pleasure. The peo-\\nple are principally engaged in farm-\\ning and fishing. It lies 22 miles\\nN. E. from Portland by water, and\\n4 miles S. E. from Brunswick. In-\\ncorporated, 1753. Population, 1837,\\n1,344.\\nHarrington, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nbounded on the S. and E. by the\\nwaters of Narraguagus bay, and W.\\nby the river of that name. It has\\ngood mill privileges, excellent har-\\nbors, considerable navigation and\\ntrade, incorporated, 1797. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,118; 1837, 1,354.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nHarrington lies 118 miles E. from\\nAugusta, and 25 W. S. W. from\\nMachias.\\nHarrison, Me.\\nCumberland co. Crooked river\\npasses the E. side of this town, and\\nthe waters of Long pond are its\\nwestern boundary. Tbis is a good\\ntownship of land, and produced, in\\n1837, 3,180 bushels of wheat. In\\ncorporated, 1805. Population, 1837,\\n1,161. Harrison has Otisiield on\\nthe E., and is 75 miles W. S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 45 N. W. from\\nPortland.\\nHartford, Me.\\nOxford CO. This excellent town-\\nship is watered by ponds and small\\nstreams, and produced, in 1837, 9,-\\n318 bushels of wheat. It lies 31\\nmiles W. from Augusta, and 15 N.\\nE. from Paris. Population, 1830,\\n1,453. Incorporated, 17.98.\\nHartford, Vt.\\nWindsor co. This town is on the\\nwest side of the Connecticut, and is\\notherwise finely watered by White\\nand Waterqueechy rivers. It lies\\n42 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier,\\nand 14 N. from Windsor. First set-\\ntled, 1764. Population, 1830, 2,044.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven,\\nbut the soil is rich, warm, and very\\nproductive. The two principal vil-\\nlages are pleasantly located on the\\nbanks of the rivers that meet the\\nConnecticut at this place, both of\\nwhich are flourishing in manufac-\\ntures and trade. Many cattle, beside\\npork, butter, cheese, c., are sent\\nto market from Hartford. In 1837\\nit had 13,207 sheep.\\nHartford Connty, Ct.\\nHartford is the chief town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Hampden\\ncount j^ Mass., E. by Tolland coun-\\nty, S. by the counties of Middlesex\\nand New Haven, and W. by the\\ncounty of Litchfield. This is con-\\nsidered the most important and val-\\nuable county in the state, in re-\\ngard to the variety and richness of\\nits soil, and the high state of cul-\\nture it has attained. It was con-\\nstituted in 16G6, since which, Tol-\\nland county and parts of Middle-\\nsex, Windham, Litchfield, and New", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "NEAV ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nLondon have been detached. Its\\npresent limits compiise an area of\\nabout 727 square miles. Besides\\nthe Connecticut, which traverses\\nits whole length, the Farmington,\\nHackanum, Podunk, Scaniic, and\\notlier streams, water the county in\\nalmost every direction. On these\\nstreams important manufacturing-\\nestablishments have sprung up, and\\nunite with the agricultural interest\\nand river trade in rendering tiiis\\ncounty the centre of a large and\\nflourishing business. In 1S37 there\\nwere in the county 29,o7( sheep.\\nPopulation, 1820, 47,261 1830,\\n51,141: 70 inhabitants to a square\\n.^ile.\\nHartford, Ct.\\nTht first English settlement in\\nHartfori} was commenced in 1635,\\nby Mr. John Steel and his associates\\nfrom Newtown, (now Cainbridge)in\\nMassachusetts. The main body of\\nthe first settlers, with Mr. Hooker\\nat their head, did not arrive till the\\nfollowing year.\\nAbout the beginning of June,\\n(says Dr. Trumbull,) Mr. Hooker,\\nMr. Stone, and about one hundred\\nmen, women and children, took\\ntheir departure from Cambridge,\\nand traveled more than a hundred\\nmiles, through a hideous and track-\\nless wilderness, to Hartford. They\\nhad no guide but their compass,\\nand made their way over mountains,\\nthrough swamps, thickets and riv-\\ners, vvhich were not passable but\\nwith great difficulty. They had no\\ncover but the heavens, nor any\\nlodgings but those that simple na-\\nture afforded them. They droA^e\\nwith tliem a hundred and sixty head\\nof cattle, and by the way s .ibsisted\\non the milk of their cows. Mrs.\\nHooker was borne through the wil-\\nderness upon a litter. The people\\ncarried their packs, arms, and some\\nutensils. They were nearly a fort-\\nnight on their journe^^ This ad-\\nventure was the more remarkable,\\nas many of the company were per-\\nsons of figure, who had lived in\\nEngland, in honor, atHuence and\\ndelicacy, and were entire strangers\\nto fatigue and danger.\\nThe Indian name of Hartford was\\nSuckiag. A deed appears to have\\nbeen given by Sunckquasson, the\\nsacJiem of the place, about 1636, to\\nSamuel Stone and William Good-\\nwin, who appear to have acted in\\nbehalf of the first settlers.\\nThe town of Hartford is bounded\\nN. by Windsor and Bloomfield, E.\\nby Connecticut river, S. by Weth-\\nersfield, and W, by Farmington and\\nAvon. It is about six miles in\\nlength from north to south, and ave-\\nrages about five in breadth. The\\nwestern part of the town has a soil\\nof red gravelly earth, very rich and\\nproductive. That part near the\\nriver is covered with a strong clay,\\nor a rich black mould. The latter\\nis principally in the valuable tract\\nof meadow adjacent to Connecticut\\nriver.\\nHartford City, incorporated\\nin 17S4, is over a mile in length\\nupon the river, and about three\\nfourths of a mile in bi-eadth. The\\nalluvial flat upon the river is nar-\\nrow, being from 40 to 100 rods, and\\nis connected with the upland by a\\nvery gradual elevation. It is situ-\\nated on the west side of Connecti-\\ncut river, 45 miles from its mouth.\\nIt is in N. lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 45 59 ^Y.\\nIon. 72\u00c2\u00b0 40 It is 260 miles S.\\nW. from Augusta, Maine 139 S.\\nS. W. from Concord, New Hamp-\\nshire 205 S. from Montpelier, Ver-\\nmont; 97 W. S. W. from Boston,\\nMassachusetts 64 W. from Provi-\\ndence, Rhode Island; 110 N. E.\\nfrom the city of New York, and\\n335 E. from Washington.\\nThe legislature of the state as-\\nsembles alternatel}^ at Hartford and\\nNew Haven, the odd years at Hart-\\nford. The city is ratlier irregular-\\nly laid out, and is divided at the S.\\npart by Mill, or Little river. Across\\nthis stream a fine bridge of free-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nstone has been thrown, which con-\\nnects the two parts of the city.\\nThis structure is 100 feet wide,\\nsupported by a single arch, 7 feet\\nin thickness at the base, and 3 feet\\n3 inches at the centre, the chord or\\nspan of which is 104 feet; eleva-\\nvation from the bed of the river to\\nthe top of the arch, 30 feet 9 inch-\\nes. Another bridge, across Con-\\nnecticut river, 1,000 feet long, and\\nwhich cost over $100,000, unites the\\ncity with East Hartford. Hartford\\nis very advantageously situated for\\nbusiness, is surrounded by an ex-\\ntensive and wealthy district, and\\ncommunicates with the towns and\\nvillages on the Connecticut above\\nby small steam-boats, two of which,\\nfor passengers, ply daily between\\nHartford and Springfield. The re-\\nmainder are employed in towing flat\\nbottomed boats, of 15 to 30 tons\\nburthen, as far as Wells river, 220\\nmiles above the city. The coast-\\ning trade is very considerable, and\\nthere is some foreign trade carried\\non. A daily line of steam-boats pass\\nbetween Hartford and New York.\\nThe manufactures of this city ex-\\nceed $900,000 per annum among\\nthese are various manufactures of\\ntin, copper, and sheet iron block\\ntin and pewter ware printing press-\\nes and ink a manufactory of iron\\nmachinery iron foundries, saddle-\\nry, carriages, joiners tools, paper-\\nhangings, looking-glasses, umbrel-\\nlas, stone ware, a brewery, a web\\nmanufactory, cabinet furniture,\\nboots and shoes, hats, clothing for\\nexportation, soap and candles, man-\\nufactories of machine and other\\nwire cards, operated by dogs, c.\\nMore than twice as many books, it\\nis stated, are published here, annu-\\nally, as are manufactured in any\\nother place of equal population in\\nthe United States.\\nThe city is well built, and con-\\ntains many elegant public and pri-\\nvate edifices. The state-house, in\\nwhich are the public offices of the\\nstate, is surmounted by a cupola.\\nand is a very handsome and spa-\\ncious building. The city hall, built\\nfor city purposes, is also spacious\\nand elegant it has two fronts, with\\nporticos, supported each by six\\nmassive columns. The American\\nAsylum for the deaf and dumb, the\\nRetreat for the insane, and Wash-\\nington College, are all beautifully\\nlocated, in the immediate vicinity\\nof the city. The population with-\\nin the city limits, in September,\\n1S35, was nine thousand and eight\\nhundred.\\nThe American Asylum for the\\neducation and instruction of deaf\\nand dumb persons, was founded by\\nan association of gentlemen in Hart-\\nford, Conn., in 1S15. Their atten-\\ntion was called to this important\\ncharity by a case of deafness in the\\nfamily of one of their number.\\nAn interesting child of the late Dr.\\nCogswell, who had lost her hearing\\nat the age of two years, and her\\nspeech soon after, was, under Prov-\\nidence, the cause of its establish-\\nment. Her father, ever ready to\\nsympathize with the afflicted, and\\nprompt to relieve human suffering,\\nembraced in his plans for the edu-\\ncation of his own daughter, all who\\nmight be similarly unfortunate.\\nThe co-operation of the benevolent\\nwas easily secured, and measures\\nwere taken to obtain from Europe\\na knowledge of the difficult art,\\nunknown in this country, of teach-\\ning written language through the\\nmediixm of signs, to the deaf and\\ndumb. For this purpose, the Rev.\\nThomas H. Gallaudet visited Eng-\\nland and Scotland, and applied at\\nthe institutions in those countries\\nfor instruction in their system but\\nmeeting with unexpected ditficul-\\nties, he repaired to France, and ob-\\ntained, at the Royal Institution at\\nParis, those qualifications for an\\ninstructor of the deaf and dumb,\\nwhich a selfish and mistaken poli-\\ncy had refused him in Great I3rit-\\nain. Accompanied by Mr. Laurent", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nClerc, himself deaf and dumb, and\\nfor several years a successful teach-\\ner under the Abbe Sicard, Mr. Gal-\\nlaudet returned to this country in\\nAugust, 181f). The Asylum had,\\nin May preceding, been incorpora-\\nted by the state legislature. Some\\nmonths were spent bj Messrs. Gal-\\nlaudet and Clerc in obtaining funds\\nfor the benefit ot the institution,\\nand in the spring of 1S17 the Asy-\\nlum was opened for the reception of\\nthose for whom it was designed, and\\nthe course of instruction commenced\\nwith seven pupils.\\nAs the knowledge of the in-\\nstitution extended, and the facili-\\nties for obtaining its advantages\\nwere multiplied, the number of pu-\\npils increased from seven to one\\nhundred and forty, which for seve-\\nral years past has not been much\\nabove the average number; and\\nsince its con)meucement, in lS17,to\\n1837, instiuctioH has been imparted\\nto four hundred and seventy-seven\\ndeaf and dumb persons.\\nIn 1819, Congress granted the in-\\nstitution a township of land in Ala-\\nbama, the proceeds of which have\\nbeen invested as a permanent fund.\\nThe principal building was erected\\nin 1820, and the pupils removed to\\nit in the spring of the following\\nyear. It is one hundred and thirty\\nfeet long, fifty feet wide, and, in-\\ncluding the basement, four stories\\nhigh. Other buildings have been\\nsubsequently erected, as the in-\\ncreasing number of pupils made it\\nnecessary; the principal of which\\nis a dining hall and workshops for\\nthe male pupils. Attached to the\\ninstitution are eight or ten acres of\\nland, which afford ample room for\\nexercise, and the cultivation of veg-\\netables and fruits for the pupils.\\nThe system of instruction adopt-\\ned at this institution is substantially\\nthe same as that of the French\\nschool at Paris. It has, however,\\nbeen materially improved and mod-\\nified by Mr. Gallaudet and his as-\\nsociates. This system, and indeed\\nevery other rational system of\\nteaching the deaf and dumb, is bas-\\ned upon the natural language of\\nsigns. By this we mean those ges-\\ntures which a deaf and dumb per-\\nson will naturally use to express his\\nideas, and to make known his wants\\nprevious to instruction. Tiiese\\ngestures and signs are rather /cfo-\\nrial, that is, an exact outline of the\\nobject, delineated by the hands in\\nthe air; or descriptive, giving an\\nidea of an object by presenting\\nsome of its prominent and striking\\nfeatures or conventional, such as\\nmay have been agreed upon by a\\ndeaf and dumb person and his as-\\nsociates. As there are very few\\nobjects which can be expressed\\nwith sufficient clearness by the de-\\nlineation of its outline alone, a de-\\nscriptive sign is usually connected\\nwith it. Thus, in making a sign\\nfor a book, the outline is first delin-\\neated by the fore finger of both\\nhands. To this is added the descrip-\\ntive signs of opening a book, plac-\\ning it before the eyes, and moving\\nthe lips as in reading. It may\\ntherefore simplify the classification\\nof natural signs if the first two di-\\nvisions be united and it will be\\nsufficiently accurate to say that all\\nthe signs used by the deaf and dumb\\nare either descriptive or conven-\\ntional. By far the greater part of\\nthese signs belong to the former\\nclass; as it includes the signs for\\nmost common objects, actions and\\nemotions. A deaf and dumb child\\nconstructs his language upon the\\nsame principle as the child who can\\nhear that of imitation.\\nIn the school-room, the instruc-\\ntor makes use of natural signs to\\ncommunicate ideas to his pupils, of\\nsystematic signs to enable them to\\ntranslate their own into written lan-\\nguage of the tnanual alphabet^\\nor signs of the hand, corresponding\\nto the letters of the alphabet and\\nof v^ritten symbols to express the\\ngrammatical lelations of words.\\nThe pupils usually remain at", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe Asylum four or five years, in\\nwhich time an intelligent child will\\nacquire aknowiedgeof the common\\noperations of arithmetic, of geogra-\\nphy, grammar, history, biography,\\nand of written language, so as to\\nenable him to understand the Scrip-\\ntures, and books written in a famil-\\niar style. He will of course be able\\nto converse with others by writing,\\nand to manage his own affairs as a\\nfarmer or mechanic. There are\\nworkshops connected with the in-\\nstitution, in which the boys have\\nthe opportunity of learning a trade,\\nand many of them, by devoting four\\nhours each day to this objeci.. be-\\ncome skillful workmen, and when\\nthey leave the Asylum find no dif-\\nficulty in supporting themselves.\\nThe annual charge to each pupil is\\none hundred dollars.\\nThe department of instruction\\nis under the control of the principal\\nof the institution, who has also a\\ngeneral oversight of the other de-\\npartments. The pupils ars distrib-\\nuted into eight or nine classes^ the\\nimmediate care m wnich is com-\\nmitted to the same number of as-\\nsistant instructotv. Wiien out of\\nschool, the pu ils are under tne care\\nof a steward and matron.\\nRetreat for the Insane. This\\ninstitution is situated on a command-\\ning eminence at the distance of a\\nmile and a quarter, in a southwest-\\nerly direction, from the State House\\nin Hartford. It was opened April\\n1, 1824. The elevation overlooks\\nan ample range of fertile country,\\npresenting on every side a most in-\\nteresting landscape, adou^ed with\\nevery beauty of rural scenery,\\nthat can be found in rich and culti-\\nvated fields, and meadows of unri-\\nvalled verdure 5 in extensive groves\\nand picturesque groups of forest,\\nfruit and ornamental trees and\\nabove all, in the charming diversi-\\nty of level, sloping and undulating\\nsurfaces, terminating by distant\\nhills, and more distant mountains.\\nThis site was selected as one\\npre-eminently calculated to attract\\nand engage the attention, and soothe\\nand appease the morbid fancies and\\nfeelings of the patient Vvhose fac-\\nulties are not sunk below or raised\\nabove the sphere of relations that\\noriginally existed. And if he is\\nnot beyond the reach of genial sen-\\nsations, connected with external\\nobjects, he will undoubtedly feel the\\nconscious evidence that this situa\\ntion most happily unites the tran-\\nquilizing influence of seclusion and\\nretirement, wiih the cheering eftect\\nof an animated picture of active\\nlife, continually passing in review\\nbefore his eyes, while himself is\\nremote, and secure from the annoy-\\nance of its bustle and noise.\\nThe edifice for the accommoda-\\ntion of the patients, and ihose who\\nhave the care of them, is construct-\\ned of unhewn free-stone, covered\\nwith a smooth, whrte, water-proof\\ncement. Its style of architecture\\nis perfectly plain and simple, and\\ninteresLs only by its symmetrical\\nbeaut} and perhaps by the idea ii\\nimpresses of durability and strength,\\nderived from the massy solidity of\\nits materials. Yet notv/ithstanding\\nthese, its general aspect is remark-\\nably airy and cheerful, from the\\namplitude of its lights, and the bril-\\nliant whiteness of its exterior. The\\nwhole building is divided into com-\\nmodious and spacious apartments,\\nadapted to various descriptions of\\ncases, according to their sex, nature\\nand disease, habits of life, and the\\nwishes of their friends. The male\\nand female apartments are entire-\\nly separated, and either sex is com-\\npletely secluded from the view of\\nthe other. Rooms are provided in\\nboth male and female apartments\\nfor the accommodation of the sick,\\nwhere they are removed from any\\nannoyance, and can continually re-\\nceive the kind attentions of their\\nimmediate relations an friends.\\nAttached to the building are about\\nseventeen acres of excellent land.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe principal part of which is laid\\nout in walks, ornamental grounds\\nand extensive gardens. With each\\nwing and block of the building is\\nconnected a court-yard, encompass-\\ned by high fences, and handsomely\\nlaid out, designed to afford the ben-\\nefit of exercise, pastime and fresh\\nair, to those who cannot^^ safely be\\nallowed to range abroad.\\nThe mode of treatment at this\\ninstitution is similar to that adopted\\nat the McLean Asylum, Charles-\\ntown, Mass.\\nWashington College. This in-\\nstitution was founded in 1826 It\\nhas two edifices of free stone one\\n143 feet long by 43 wide, and 4 sto-\\nries hi -h, containing 48 rooms; the\\nother 87 feet by 55, and 3 stories\\nhigh, containing the chapel, libra-\\nryt mincralogical cabinet, philo-\\nsophical chamber, laboratory and\\nrecitation rooms. See Register.\\nTlie Charter Oalc. This tree\\nstands on the beautiful elevation\\nwhich rises above the south mead-\\nows, a few rods north of the ancient\\nseat of the Wyllys family. The\\ntree is still in a vigorous state, and\\nmay fiourisli for another century.\\nThat venerable tree, which\\nconcealed the charter of our rights,\\nsays a daughter of Secretary yl-\\nlys, stands at the foot of Wyllys\\nhill. The first inhabitant of that\\nname found it standing in the height\\nof its glory. Age seems to have\\ncurtailed its branches, yet it is not\\nexceeded in the height of its color-\\ning, or richness of its foliage. The\\ntrunk measures twenty one feet in\\ncircumference, and near seven m\\ndiameter. The cavity, which was\\nthe asylum of our charter, was near\\nthe roots, and large enough to ad-\\nmit a child. Within the space of\\neight years, that cavity has closed,\\nas^if it had fulfilled the divine pur-\\npose for which it had been reared.\\nThe story of the Charter Oak\\nis thus told by Mr. Barber.\\nSir Edmund Andros being ap-\\npointed the first governor-general\\nover New England, arrived in Bos-\\nion in Dec. 16S6. From this place\\nhe wrote to the colony of Connecti-\\ncut to resign their charter, but with-\\nout success. The assembly met\\nLs usual, in October, and the gov-\\nernment continued according to\\ncharter, until the last of the month.\\nAbout this time. Sir Edmund, with\\nhis suite and more than sixty regu-\\nlar troops, came to Harttord when\\nthe assembly were sitting, and de-\\nmanded the charter, and declared\\nthe o-overnment under it to be dis-\\nsolved. The assembly were ex-\\ntremely reluctant and slow with re-\\nspect to any resolve -o surrender\\nthe charter, or with respect to any\\nmotion to bring it forth. The tra-\\ndition is, that governor Treat strong-\\nly represented the great expense\\nand hardships of the colonists in\\nplanting the country; the blood\\nand treasure which they had ex-\\npended in defending it, both against\\nthe savages and foreigners to what\\nhardships he himself haa been ex-\\nposed for that purpose anu that it\\nwas like giving up his life, now to\\nsurrender the patent and privileges\\nso dearly bought and so long enjoy-\\ned The important affair was de-\\nbated and kept in suspense until the\\nevening, when the charter was\\nbrought and laid upon the table\\nwhere the assembly were sitting.\\nBy this time great numbers of peo-\\nple were assembled, and men suth-\\nciently bold to enterprise whatever\\nmight be necessary or expedient.\\nThe lights were instantly extin-\\nguished, and one Capt. V/adsworth,\\nof Hartford, in the most silent and\\nsecret manner, carried off the char-\\nter, and secreted it in a large hol-\\nlow tree, fronting the house of Hon.\\nSamuel Wyllys, then one of the\\nmagistrates of the colony. Ihe\\npeople all appeared peaceable and\\norderly. The candles were offi-\\nciously re-lighted, but the patent\\nwas gone, and no discovery could", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbe made of it, or the persons who\\ncanied it away.\\nWest Hartford, or, as it was\\nformerly called, West Division, is\\na fine tract of land. The inhabit-\\nants are mostly substantial farmers,\\nand the general appearance of the\\nplace denotes an unusual share of\\nequalized wealth and prosperity.\\nThe venerable Nathan Per-\\nkins, D. D., still continues his la-\\nbors in the ministry in this place.\\nIn 1S33, his sixtieth anniversary\\nsermon was published. In that ser-\\nmon he says, I am now the oldest\\nolficiating minister of the gospel in\\nthis state, and, as far as I can learn,\\nin the United States. And I can-\\nnot learn, from the history of church-\\nes in Connecticut, that there has\\never been an instance of one of its\\nministers preaching for sixty years\\nuninterruptedly to the same con-\\n^l^gregation.\\nDr. Perkins stated, as we are in-\\nformed, that from the commence-\\nment of his ministry, that in his\\nchurch there had been one thou-\\nsand deaths and one thousand bap-\\ntisms that he had delivered four\\nthousand written sermons, and three\\nthousand extemporaneous ones, on\\nother occasions of worship that he\\nhad attended sixty ordinations and\\ninstallations, and had preached 20\\nordination sermons, twelve of which\\nhad been published by request that\\nhe had attended one hundred eccle-\\nsiastical councils, to heal difficulties\\nin the churches, and that he had\\nfitted for college one hundred and\\nfifty students, and more than thirty\\nfor the gospel ministry.\\nHartland, Me.\\nSomerset co. This excellent\\ntownship is watered on its eastern\\nboundary by one of the principal\\nbranches of Sebasticook river. The\\ninhabitants are principally engaged\\nin agricultural pursuits, and the soil\\nrichly rewards them for their indus-\\ntry. Hartland produced 4,836\\nbushels of wheat in 1837, some\\nwool and other valuable commodi-\\nties, it was incorporated in 1820.\\nPopulation, 1837, 890. It lies 42\\nmiles N. by E. from Augusta, and\\n18 N. E. from Norridgewock.\\nHartland, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Timothy Lull was\\nthe father of this flourishing re-\\npublic. He took his family from\\nDunimerston, up Connecticut river\\nabout 50 miles, in a log canoe, in\\n1763. He landed at the mouth of\\na beautiful stream, called Lull s\\nBrook. His nearest neigh Ijors were\\nmore than 20 miles distant. He\\ncommenced a settlement on laull s\\nBrook, and, after acquiring a hand-\\nsome property, died there at the\\nage of 81. Timothy Lull, jr., was\\nthe first child born in the town.\\nOn the occasion of his birth, a mid-\\nwife was drawn 23 miles on a hand\\nsled.\\nThis is a rich farming town, pleas-\\nantly diversified by hills and val-\\nleys. Hartland produces many cat-\\ntle ten thousand sheep graze in\\nits pastures. It lies on the west\\nbank of Connecticut river. Water-\\nqueechy river, at the N. part of the\\ntown, and Lull s Brook, at the S.,\\ngive it a water power of great val-\\nue. On these streams are neat vil-\\nlages and flourishing manufactur-\\ning establishments, Hartland lies\\n50 miles S. S. E. from Montpelier\\nand 9 N. from Windsor. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,503.\\nHai tlaiid, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town is 22\\nmiles N, W. from Hartford, It lies\\nin a mountainous part of the state\\nmost of the land is cold and fit only\\nfor grazing. A branch of Farm-\\nington river passes through the\\ntown, and forms M hat is called\\nHartland holloiv, a deep ravine,\\npresenting some bold and pictur-\\nesque scenery. Hartland was in-\\ncorporated in 1761. First settled,\\n1753. Population, 1830- 1,221.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nHarvard, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\ntaken from Stow, Groton and Lan-\\ncaster, in 1732. It is washed on\\nthe W. side by Nashua river. It\\nlies 30 miles N. W. from Boston,\\n20 N. E. from Worcester, and 13\\nW. from Concord. Here are two\\nlarge ponds with fine fish, and quar-\\nries of slate used for monuments.\\nAbout 200 of that industrious sect,\\ncalled shakers, reside here, and own\\na considerable tract of excellent\\nland. They live about 3 miles N.\\nE. from the centre of the town, and\\nsupply the market with a great va-\\nriety of wares, fruits, seeds, herbs,\\n.C. c., the product of their me-\\nchanical ingenuity and horticultu-\\nral skill.\\nThere are three paper mills in\\nHarvard, and manufactures of palm-\\nleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather and\\ngrave stones: annual value about\\n$40,000. Large quantities of hops\\nhave been raised in this place.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,566.\\nHar^vicli, Mass.,\\nBarnstable co., on the S. side of\\nCape Cod, 14 miles E. from Barn-\\nstable. Incorporated, 1694. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,464; 1837,2,771.\\nOn Herring river, the outlet of\\nLong pond, are cotton and other\\nmills. Some vessels are built here\\nand some salt manufactured. The\\nproduct of the cod and mackerel\\nfishery the year ending April 1,\\n1S37, was $33,000. Harwich is a\\npleasant town the village makes\\na good appearance from the sea.\\nHarwinton, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. Har-win-ton de-\\nrived its name from three syllables\\ntaken from the names of Hartford,\\nAVindsor and Farmington. It was\\nfirst settled in 1731 incorporated,\\n1737. Population, 1830,1,516. It\\nlies 23 miles W. from Hartford, 40\\nN. by W. from New Haven, and 8\\nE. from Litchfield. Harwinton is\\n16\\nsituated on high ground, abounding\\nwith granite rocks and more fit for\\ngrazing than tillage.\\nHatfield, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This is a weal-\\nthy agricultural township, noted\\nfor its good soil and fine beef cattle.\\nIt lies on the W. side of Connecti-\\ncut river, 5 miles N. from North-\\nampton, and 95 W. from Boston.\\nIncorporated, 1 )70. Population,\\n1837, 937. The manufactures of\\nthe town consist of corn brooms,\\nboots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, and car-\\nriages annual value about $50,000.\\nThere is an elm tree in Hatfield\\nwhich is said to measure, two feet\\nfrom the ground, thirty four feet in\\ncircumference.\\nHaverliill, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., is one of the shire\\ntowns. It lies 31 miles N. W. from\\nPlymouth, and 70 N. N. W. from\\nConcord. It is watered by Olive-\\nrian and Hazen brooks. Haverhill\\nis a pleasant town. The soil is suit-\\ned to every species of cultivation.\\nThere is a quarry of granite suita-\\nble for mill stones and buildings,\\nand a bed of iron ore, on the W.\\nside of Coventry, bordering this\\ntown.\\nThe principal village is at the S.\\nW. angle of the town, and known\\nby the name of Haverhill Corner.\\nThere is a beautiful common in this\\nvillage, laid out in an oblong square,\\naround which the buildings regu-\\nlarly stand. The site is a handsome\\nelevation, overlooking the adjacent\\ncountry many miles N. and S., and\\nnot less than 6 or 7 miles E. and W.\\nFrom the street, the ground slopes\\nwith unusual elegance to the W.,\\nand is succeeded by broad inter-\\nvales. The prospect here is de-\\nlightful. There is another village\\nat the N. AV. angle of the town, on\\na street nearly a mile in length,\\nstraight and very level.\\nHaverhill was granted, 1764. Its\\nfirst settlement was made in 1764,", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nby Capt. John Hazen, who settled\\non the Little Ox Bow, near where\\nthere had formerly been an Indian\\nfort and burying ground, and where\\nmany Indian skulls and relics have\\nbeen found. Several of the early\\nsettlers were from Newbury and\\nHaverhill, Mass., and from the last\\nplace, this town derived its name.\\nIts former name was Lower Coos.\\nHon. Moses Dow was one of the\\nmost distinguished citizens of this\\nplace.\\nHon. Charles Johnston, who\\ndied March 5, 1813, aged 76, resid-\\ned here. He was a valuable offi-\\ncer in the revolution, and was ma-\\nny years judge of probate in Graf-\\nton county.\\nHon. James Woodward and Hon.\\nEzekiel Ladd were among the early\\nsettlers, and were judges of the old\\ncounty court. Population, in 1S30,\\n2,153.\\nHaverliill, Ma s.\\nEssex CO. This ancient, respect-\\nable and flourishing manufacturing\\ntown, lies on the N. side of the\\nMerrimack river, at the head of\\nnavigation, and united to Bradford by\\ntwo beautiful bridges. It is 30 miles\\nN. from Boston, 31 N. N. W. from\\nSalem, 12 W. by S. from Newbu-\\nryport, 18 N. E. from Lowell, 30\\nS. W. from Portsmouth, N. II. and\\n40 S. E. from Concord, N. H. Lit-\\ntle river passing through the town\\naffords a good hydraulic power, on\\nwhich are manufacturing establish-\\nments of various kinds. The man-\\nufactures consist of woolen goods,\\nleather, boots, shoes, hats, shovels,\\nspades, forks, hoes, chairs, cabinet\\nware, combs, ploughs, tin ware,\\nvessels, pahn-leaf hats, shoe lasts,\\nspirits, morocco leather, chaises and\\nharnesses: total amount the year\\nending April 1, 1837, $1,357,526.\\nHaverhill is delightfully located,\\nhandsomely built, and has been the\\nbirth place and residence of many\\nof the most valuable and distin-\\nguished citizens of New England.\\nHaverhill is so situated as to com-\\nmand an extensive inland trade it\\nis easily approached from Boston\\nby the Andover and Wilmington\\nrail-road, which is extending to Ex-\\neter, N. H., and from thence to\\nMaine.\\nHaverhill, the Indian Pentuck-\\nett, was first settled in 1641 it was\\na frontier settlement for nearly half\\na century and suffered great calam-\\nities by savage depredations.\\nIt was incorporated in 1645.\\nPopulation, 1820, 3,070; 1830, 3,-\\n896; 1837, 4,726.\\nHawley, Mass.\\nFranklin co. Hawley is on el-\\nevated ground, and watered by\\nbranches of Deerfield river. The\\nsoil is good for grazing, and feeds\\nabout 3,000 sheep. A consider-\\nable quantity of leather is tanned\\nin this town. Incorporated, 1792.\\nPopulation, 1837, 995. Hawley\\nhas good iron ore and some iron\\nworks. It lies 107 miles W. by N.\\nfrom Boston, and 14 W. by S. from\\nGreenfield.\\nHaynesville, Me.\\nWashington county. See Down\\nEast.\\nHeatli, Mass.\\nFranklin co. A mountainous\\ntownship good for grazing sheep, of\\nwhich 2,312 were kept in 1837.\\nThere are in Heath some manufac-\\ntures of leather, boots, shoes and\\npalm-leaf hats. Incoiporated, 1785.\\nPopulation, 1837, 953. It lies 125\\nmiles W. N. W. from Boston, and\\n13 W. N. W. from Greenfield.\\nHetiron, Me.\\nOxford CO, This is a good farm-\\ning town, lying S. E. from Paris\\nabout 7 miles, and 42 W. S. W.\\nfrom Augusta. Incorporated, 1792.\\nPopulation, 1837, 972.\\nIlelbvon, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., lies 9 miles S. W", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfrom Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from\\nConcord. A considerable part of\\nNewfound lake lies in the S. E.\\npart of this town. It has no river,\\nnor any important streams. Near-\\nly one half of this town was inclu-\\nded in the grant of Cocke rmouth,\\nnow Groton. The remaining part\\nwas taken from Plymouth. It was\\nincorporated, 1792. Population in\\n1830, 538.\\nHeljroii, Ct.\\nTolland co. Hop river, a branch\\nof the Willimantic, waters this town.\\nThe village of Hebron, with its\\nGothic church, 20 miles S. E. from\\nHartford, and 14 S. from Tolland,\\nis pleasant and commands a good\\nprospect. There are in the town 2\\ncotton, 1 woolen, and 1 paper, mills\\na large iron furnace and other man-\\nufactories. The surface of the\\ntown is hillv, but fertile. North\\npond in the S. part of the town is a\\nhandsome sheet of water. Hebron\\nwas first settled, 1704. Incorpora-\\nted, 1707. Population, 1830,1,939.\\nHeiiu.ik.er, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. It is 23 miles N.\\nTV. from Amherst, and 15 W. from\\nConcord. Contoocook river passes\\neasterly through its centre, and di-\\nvides the town into nearly equal\\nportions of territory and population.\\nIts course is rather circuitous, and\\nin many places presents scenes of\\nconsiderable interest and beauty.\\nFew places afford better prospects\\nfor the successful operation of wa-\\nter machinery than this. There\\nare several ponds of considerable\\nsize. Long pond is the largest, be-\\ning between 1 and 2 miles in length,\\nand from 40 to 80 rods wide\u00e2\u0080\u0094 situa-\\nted 1 mile N.of the centre village.\\nCraney hill is the principal eleva-\\ntion, and embraces a large portion\\nof territory on the S. of the town.\\nIt is mostly in a state of cultivation.\\nThe soil of the hills is favorable for\\nwheat\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the valleys produce good\\ncrops of corn.\\nHenniker was granted in 1752,\\nunder the name of JVumber 6. Its\\nsettlement commenced in 1761. It\\nwas incorporated in 1768, when it\\nreceived its present name from Gov.\\nWentworth, in honor of his friend\\nHenniker, probably John Henni-\\nker, Esq., a merchant in London and\\na member of the British parliament\\nat that time. Population, in 1830,\\n1,725.\\nIlenuon, Me.\\nPenobscot co. A good township\\nof land, 7 miles W. from Bangor. A\\nlarge pond and the Sowadabscook\\nriver water its S. W. corner. In\\n1837, 1,870 bushel of wheat was\\nraised. Incorporated, 1814. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 535.\\nHigligate, Vt.\\nFranklin CO. This town lies on\\nthe E. side of Lake Champlain, at\\nthe N. W. corner of New Eng-\\nland, and of the United States. It\\nis 60 miles N. W. from Montpe-\\nlier, and 12 N. from St. Albans.\\nFirst settled, about 1784. The soil\\nis generally sandy, in some parts\\nswampy. Bog iron ore, of a good\\nquality, is found here. There are\\nmany mill privileges in Highgate,\\nparticularly at a fall of the river\\nMissisque, where are iron works,\\nand other manufactories. The\\nscenery at this place is quite wild\\nand picturesque. Population, 1830,\\n2,038. Highgate is a place of con-\\nsiderable trade with Canada, and\\ndown the lake.\\nHill, N. H.\\nGrafton co. This town is 24 miles\\nN. N. W. from Concord, and 44 S.\\nS. E. from Haverhill. It is watered\\nby Pemigewasset and Smith s\\nrivers, and several small streams.\\nEagle pond is the only one of note.\\nRagged mountain is a considerable\\nelevation, and but little inferior to\\nKearsarge. Viewed from the suin-\\nmit of tlie neighboring hills, this\\ntown appears very uneven, yet", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthere are many fine tracts converted\\ninto productive farms. The soil in\\nsome parts is rich and fertile it is\\ngenerally good. There is at the S.\\nE, section of the town, a flourish-\\ning village, situated on a spacious\\nstreet 1 mile in length.\\nThis town was granted Sept. 14,\\n1753, to 87 proprietors, who held\\ntheir first meeting at Chester, and as\\nthe greater part of the inhabitants\\nbelonged to that place, it was called\\nNew Chester; which name it retain-\\ned until Jan. 1837, when it was\\nchanged to the name of Hill, in\\ncompliment to the then governor\\nHill. The first settlement was in\\n1768.\\nIn Dec. 1820, six children of Mr.\\nWilliam Follansbee were consum-\\ned in the flames of his house, while\\nhe and his wife were absent. In-\\ncorporated, 1778. Population, 1830,\\n1,090.\\nHillslboroiigli County, N. H.\\nAmherst is the shire town. Hills-\\nborough has Merrimack county on\\nthe N., Rockingham on the E., the\\nstate of Massachusetts on the S.,\\nand Cheshire county on the W.\\nThe surface of this county is gen-\\nsrally uneven, though there are but\\nfew lofty mountains. Lyndebo-\\nrough mountain, in the township of\\nLyndeborough, the Unconoonock,\\nin Goffstown, Crotched, in Frances-\\ntown and Society Land, are of con-\\nsiderable altitude.\\nThis section of New Hampshire\\nis well watered. The noble and ma-\\njestic Merrimack passes its south-\\neastern border. At Nashua, the\\nNashua, a beautiful stream from\\nMassachusetts, discharges its wa-\\nters into the Merrimack. North of\\nthe Nashua, the Souhegan and Pis-\\ncataquog,streams of much value and\\nconsequence to the manufacturing\\ninterests, discharge themselves in-\\nto the Merrimack the former in\\nthe township of Merrimack, the\\nlatter in Bedford. Part of a large\\ncollection of vyater, denominated a\\nlake, the Massabesick, on the E.\\nboundary of Manchester. Besides\\nthese there are numerous ponds,\\ninterspersed through the whole ex-\\ntent of territory. Some of the\\nlargest of these are Gregg s pond,\\nin Antrim, Pleasant pond, in Fran-\\ncestown, Babboosuck pond, in Am-\\nherst, and Potanipo, in Brookline.\\nThere are several mineral springs\\nwhich have been found serviceable\\nin cutaneous affections, but no one\\nhas yet acquired general celebrity.\\nMinerals have been found in vari-\\nous places, but not in great abun-\\ndance.\\nThis county possesses many advan-\\ntages for manufacturing establish-\\nments, and it is gratifying to find\\nthat many of its citizens are turn-\\ning their attention to this branch of\\nnational and individual wealth.\\nThe settlement of this county\\nwas made at Nashua, lately Dun-\\nstable, some years before the war\\nwith king Philip, in 1675. It was\\nconstituted a county by an act of\\nthe General Assembly, 19 March,\\n1771. It received its name from\\nthe Earl of Hillsborough, one of\\nthe privy council of George III.\\nThe population, in 1775, was 13,-\\n132; in 1790, 24,536; in 1800, 31,-\\n260; in 1810, 34,410; in 1820,\\n35,761; and in 1830, 37,762. In\\n1837, there were 45,511 sheep in\\nthis county.\\nHillslborougli, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 23 miles\\nN. W. from Amherst, 24 W. S. W.\\nfrom Concord. This town is well\\nwatered. Contoocook river passes\\nthrough the S. E. corner, and affords\\nseveral excellent water privileges.\\nHillsborough river has its source\\nfrom ponds in Washington runs in a\\nS. E. course through the whole ex-\\ntent of Hillsborough, receiving the\\noutlets of several ponds on the E.,\\nand forms a junction with the Con-\\ntoocook, on the S. line of this town.\\nThe land here is uneven, but it af-\\nfords many good farms. There is", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\na pleasant village on the 2(1 New\\nHampshire turnpike, which passes\\nN. W. through this town, contain-\\ning a number of dwelling houses,\\nstores, mills, and a cotton and wool-\\nen factory.\\nHillsborough was formerly known\\nby the name of .Vumber 7 of fron-\\ntier towns. The tirst settlement\\nwas made in 1741. The tirst chil-\\ndren born in Hillsborough were\\nJohn M Calley and JNIary Gibson,\\nwho intermarried, and received as\\na gift a tract of land, from the prin-\\ncipal proprietor. It was incorpo-\\nrated in 1772. Population, 1830,\\n1,792.\\nHiiiesl urs\\nChittenden co. Piatt river and\\nLewis creek water this town. A\\npart of the town is mountainous,\\nbut the soil is generally very good,\\nparticularly for grazing. About\\n9,000 sheep are kept here, and\\nsome products of the farms are ex-\\nported. Hinesbureh contains a\\npleasant village, and numerous\\nmanufacturing operations are found\\non its streams. First settled about\\n1785. Population, 1S30, 1,669. It\\nlies 13 miles S. S. E. from Burling-\\nton, and 26 W. from Montpeher.\\nHiiis ^a\u00c2\u00bb\u00c2\u00bb Mass.\\nPlymouth co. A pleasant tov/n\\non Boston harbor, and an agreeable\\nresort for citizens and strangers.\\nIt lies 11 miles S. E. from Boston,\\nby water, and 14 by land. Hing-\\nham cove is 5 miles S. W. from\\nNantasket beach, about 6 W. trom\\nCohasset harbor, and 24 N. N. W.\\nfrom Plymouth. First settled, 1633.\\nIncorporated, 1635. Population, in\\n1830,3,357; 1837,3,445.\\nMajor-general Benjamin Lin-\\ncoln, was born in this town, Jan.\\n23, 1733; he died May 9, 1810.\\nThis town is remarkable for its\\nhealthiness and longevity. Dur-\\ning 50 years, 8 persons died in one\\nho^ise, whose average age was 84\\nyears.\\nAbout 80 sail of vessels belong to\\nthis place, which are engaged in\\nthe cod and mackerel fishery, and\\ncoasting trade aggregate tonnage\\nabout 5,000 tons.\\nIn this town is an iron foundry,\\nconsiderable ship building, a steam\\nbucket factory and large quanti-\\nties of other wooden wares are\\nmanufactured, and some salt.\\nThe amount of manufactures of\\nHino-ham, for the year ending April\\n1, 1337, was $237,078. They con-\\nsisted of leather, boots, shoes, iron\\ncastings, hats, ploughs, cabinet, tin\\nand wooden wares, silk, salt, ves-\\nsels, umbrellas, spars and blocks,\\ncordage, carriages, hammers, and\\nhatchets. The product of the cod\\nand mackerel tir-hery, the same\\nyear, was $1 13,700. Total amount\\nof the fishery and manufactures\\n$350,773.\\nDerby Academy, a tree school,\\nand the JVillard Private Academy,\\nare highly respectable seminaries,\\nand promise great privileges to pa-\\nrents.\\nA commodious steam-boat phes\\nbetween this and Boston, in sum-\\nmer months, two or three times a\\nday. The hotels are large, and\\nfurnish excellent accommodations.\\nBaker s Hill presents extensive and\\ndelightful views of Boston harbor.\\nAn excursion to Hingham is very\\npleasant.\\nHiusdale, N. H.\\nCheshire co. It is 75 miles S.\\nW. by W. from Concord. It is well\\nwatered with springs and rivulets\\nof the purest water. The Connec-\\nticut washes its western border;\\nand the Ashuelot runs through the\\ncentre, forming a junction with the\\nConnecticut, a little below the great\\n*end, called Cooper s point. Kil-\\nburn brook rises in Pisgah moun-\\ntain, runs S. and falls into Ashuelot\\nriver. Ash-swamp brook rises |a\\nWest river mountain, runs a S. V.\\ncourse, and tails into the Connexti-\\ncut, near the side of Hinsdale s fort", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThere are several islands in the Con-\\nnecticut in thii town. On the N.\\nline of Hinsdale, is West river\\nmountain, which extends from the\\nbank? of the Connecticut, E. across\\nthe whole width of the town. Its\\ngreatest elevation is at the W. end,\\nPre-ident D wight states the height\\nabove low water mark to be from\\n80a to 900 feet. In this mountain is\\nfound iron ore, and some other min-\\nerals and fossils. South of Ashue-\\nJot, is Stebbins hill, a tract of ex-\\ncellent land, and principally in a\\nhigh state of cultivation. The in-\\ntervales here are extensive, and\\nof an excellent quality. On the\\npoint of a bill, not far from Con-\\nnecticut river, there is to be seen\\nthe remains of an Indian fortitica-\\ntion, constructed prior to the set-\\ntlement of the town. There is a\\ndeep trench drawn across the hill,\\nto separate it from the plain back,\\nan 1 is continued to the river.\\nHinsdale was incorporated in\\n1753. It was originally a part of\\nNorth field, ^ind was settled as early\\nas 1633. The former name of this\\np!ace was Fort Bummer and Bridg-\\nm ln s Fort. This town encoun-\\ntered all the difficulties of the In-\\ndian wars, and struggled with oili-\\ner hardships incident to frontier\\nsettlements, begun in the wilder-\\nness and remote from cultivated\\nlands. Population, 1830, 937.\\nHinsdale, 3Ia!$s.\\nBerkshire co. Hinsdale is the\\nsource of a branch of Housatonick\\nriver. It is an elevated township,\\nand well adapted for grazing.\\nThere are two woolen joills in\\nHinsdale, and manufactures of\\nhoots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,\\nand cabinet ware total amount in\\none year $86,550. The value of\\n11,020 fleeces of wool, sheared in\\nHinsdale in 1837, v/eighing 32,116\\npounds, was $19,266. This town\\nwas incorporated in 1804. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 832. It lies 125 miles\\nVv from Boston, and 15 N. N. W.\\nfrom Lenox.\\nHiram, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town lies on\\nboth sides of a branch of Saco riv-\\ner, 88 miles W. S. W. from Augus-\\nta, and 40 S. W. from Paris. The\\ntownship is fertile and productive\\nof wool and wheat. Incorporated,\\n1807. Population, 1830, 1,148.\\nHotlgdoii, Me.\\nWashington co. Incorporated,\\n1S32 179 miles from Augusta. In\\n1837, with a population of 552, it\\nproduced 3,iS4 bushels of wheat.\\n:See Down East.\\nHolden, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town is fine-\\nly watered by branches of Black-\\nstone and Nashua rivers. It has a\\nvaluable water power on Quinipox-\\net river. It has some good mead-\\now land on the borders of the\\nstreams. There are 5 cotton and\\n2 woolen mills in the town, and\\nmanufactures of leather,boots,shoes,\\nstraw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats\\ntotal amount of the manufactures\\nfor the year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$201,960. Holden is 43 miles W.\\nfi-om Boston, and 6 N. W. from\\nWorcester. Incorporated, 1740.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,789.\\nHoldemess, N. H.\\nGrafton co. It is 65 miles N. W.\\nfrom Portsmouth, and 40 N. fioni\\nConcord. The soil is hard and not\\neasily cultivated, but when sub-\\ndued is tolerably productive. From\\nthe sap of the sugar maple, a con-\\nsiderable quantity of sugar is made.\\nThe Pernigevvasset ijnparts a por-\\ntion of its benefits to this place, and\\nthere are various other streams\\nwhich serve to fertilize the soil, and\\nto furnish mill seats. Squam river,\\nthe outlet of Squam ppnds, runs in\\na S. W. direction and empties into\\nthe Pemigewasset near the S. W.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nan^le of the town. This stream\\naffords excellent mill privileges,\\nhaving on it 2 paper mills and oth-\\ner machinery. There are 3 ponds\\nor lakes.\\nThe road from Plymouth through\\ntliis place to Winnepisiogee lake,\\nand along the horders of that lake\\nto Wolfeborough is highly interest-\\ning displaying scenery which is\\nscarcely equalled in this part of\\nour country. Holderness was first\\ngranted in 1751. The tirst settle-\\nment was made about the year\\n1763. Population, 1830, 1,429.\\nHollaud, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This is an excellent\\ntownship of land, producing in great\\nabundance all the varieties common\\nto the climate. Previous to the\\nyear 1800, it was a wilderness. It\\nis bounded N. by Canada 56 miles\\nN. N. E. from Montpelier and 20\\nN. E. from Irasburgh. Population,\\n1830, 432.\\nHolland, Mass.\\nHampden co. Holland was tak-\\nen from Brimfieldin 1785. It lies\\n70 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,\\nand 20 E. by S. from Springiield.\\nPopulation, 1837, 495. Holland\\nhas several ponds, and is otherwise\\nwatered by Quinnebaugh river.\\nThere is a cotton mill in the town,\\nand 658 sheep.\\nHollis, Me.\\nYork CO. This town lies on the\\nW. bank of Saco river, and contains\\nnumerous mill sites. Incorporated,\\n1812. Population, 1837, 2,374. It\\nlies 72 miles S. W. from Augusta,\\nand 30 N. from York.\\nHollis, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 8 miles\\nS. from Amherst, and 86 S. from\\nConcord. Nashua river waters the\\nS. E. part, and Nisitissit crosses\\nthe S. W. extremity. There are 4\\nponds, known by the name of\\nFlint s, Penichook, Long and Rocky\\nponds. There is a pieasant village\\nnear the centre of the town, on a\\nsite somewhat elevated. The ori-\\nginal name of Hollis was J\\\\lsUis-\\nsit, its Indian name. The first\\nsettlement was made in 1731. It\\nwas incorporated in April, 1746.\\nThe name is either derived from\\nThomas Hollis, a distinguished ben-\\nefactor of Harvard college, or from\\nthe Duke of New Castle. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,501.\\nHolliston, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. First settled, 1710,\\nIncorporated, 1724. Population in\\n1837, 1,775. It lies 24 miles S. W.\\nby W. from Boston, and 21 S. from\\nConcord. There is a woolen mill\\nin the town, and some manufactures\\nof boots, shoes, leather, chairs and\\ncabinet ware, combs, ploughs, straw\\nbonnets, books, clothing, wagons\\nand harnesses total value in one\\nyear $335,948. The value of boots\\nand shoes amounted to $241,626,\\nemploying 461 hands. Holliston\\nis watered by a small branch of\\nCharles river.\\nHolmes Hole, Mass.\\nSee Tishury.\\nHooksett, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. It lies nine miles\\nS. S. E. from Concord. The river\\nMerrimack, whose course here is\\nnearly N. and S., passes through\\nthis town a little W. of the centre.\\nHere are those beautiful falls,known\\nby the name of Hooksett Falls.\\nThe descent of water is about 16\\nfeet perpendicular in 80 rods. A\\nhigh rock divides the stream, and a\\nsmaller rock lies between that and\\nthe western shore. There is a\\npleasant village on the W. side of\\nthe ri^er. There is a strong and\\nwell built bridge over Merrimack\\nriver. Hooksett canal is in this\\ntown. It is 1-4 of a mile long rthe\\nfall is 16 feet perpendicular. Hook-\\nsett was detached from Chester,\\nGoffstown and Dunbarton, and in-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncorporated as a separate town in\\nJune, 1822. On the E. side of tlie\\nriver is an extensive cotton factory,\\nowned by the Amoskeag Company.\\nPopulation, 1830, 880.\\nHoosack Rivei* and Mountain.\\nTwo branches of the Hoosack,\\nHosick, or Hoosick river, rise in\\nNew England one in the high\\nlands in the county of Berkshire,\\nMass. the other in the mountain-\\nous tracts of Bennington county,\\nVt. These branches unite near\\nHoosack Falls, in the state of New\\nYork, about 3 miles W. of the cel-\\nebrated Bennington battle ground.\\nHoosack river meets the Hudson\\nat Schagthicoke, 15 miles N. of\\nTroy, N. Y. This stream, in many\\nplaces, is exceedingly rapid in its\\ncourse, and affords a great number\\nof mill sites,\\nHoosack 7lioiintain lies princi-\\npally in Clarksburgh and Berkshire,\\nMass., and is the source of a branch\\nof Hoosack river. Its elevation is\\nfrom 1,500 to 2,000 feet from its\\nbase.\\nHope, Me.\\nWaldo CO. Hope is a township\\nof choice land, having Camden and\\nMegunticook lake on its south-east-\\nern border. It lies 44 miles E. S.\\nE. from Augusta, and 16 S. by W.\\nfrom Belfast, Hope produced in\\n1837, 3,142 bushels of wheat. Pop-\\nulation, same year, 1,733. Incor-\\nporated, 1804.\\nKopkinton, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. It is 28 miles N.\\nfrom Amherst, 7 W. from Concord,\\n46 N. E. from Keene, 30 S. E. from\\nNewport, 50 W. fron\u00c2\u00bb Portsmouth,\\nand 65 N. N.W. from Boston. Con-\\ntoocook river flows from Henniker\\ninto the south-westerly part of this\\ntown, and meanders in a N. E. di-\\nrection. In its course it receiv^s\\nWarner and Blackwater rivers, and\\nseveral large brooks, and empties\\ninto Merrimack river at Concord.\\nOn these streams are some valuable\\ntracts of intervale and meadow lands\\nThe principal village in Hopkinton\\nis 7 miles from the state-house in\\nConcord. In this town the county\\njail is located. In the W. part of\\nthe town is a thriving village on\\nthe Contoocook river, known as\\nHilVs Bridge, or Contoocookville,\\nwhere is a valuable water power,\\nand several mills. Hopkinton was\\ngranted Jan. 16, 1735, lo John Jones\\nand others, and was called jYianber\\n5, and afterwards JVew- Hopkinton.\\nThe first settlement was made about\\n1740, by emigrants from Hopkinton,\\nMass. This town suffered from In-\\ndian depredations. Population in\\n1830, 2,474.\\nHopkinton, Mass.\\nMiddlesex county. Branches of\\nCharles and Mill rivers rise in this\\ntown, on which are manufacturing\\nestablishments. There are 3 cot-\\nton mills in Hopkinton, and manu-\\nfactures of boots and shoes, ($152,-\\n300,) leather, ploughs, and straw\\nbonnets total value, the vear end-\\ning April 1, 1837, $217,550. The\\ntown was incorporated in 1715.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,809 1837,\\n2,166.\\nThe mineral spring in this town\\nhas become celebrated. It con-\\ntains carbonic acid, and carbonate\\nof lime and iron. It is situated near\\nWhite Hall pond, which abounds\\nin fine fish of various kinds. The\\nBoston and Worcester rail road\\npasses within 3 1-2 miles of it, at\\nWestborough, and it is 7 miles from\\nthe Blackstone canal, at North-\\nbridge, It is 30 miles W. S. W.\\nfrom Boston, 14 E. by S. from Wor-\\ncester, and 30 N. by W. from Pro-\\nvidence, R. I. There is a large and\\nconvenient hotel at this place, at\\nwhich visitors for health or plea-\\nsure are kindly entertained. A trip\\nto Hopkinton springs is both plea-\\nsant and fashionable.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nHopkiiiton, R. I.\\nWashington co. Wood river, a\\nvaluable mill stream, passes through\\nthis town, on which are cotton and\\nwoolen mills, iron works, and vari-\\nous other manufactories. The soil\\nof the town is generally well adapt-\\nd for grazing, and the cultivation\\nof grain. It produces large quanti-\\nties of fruit and excellent cider.\\nShad and alewives are taken in\\nPawcatuck river. There are seve-\\nral ponds within the town. Con-\\nsiderable wood and timber are sent\\nto market from this place.\\nHopkinton City, at the south\\npart of the town, on the Tomma-\\nquaug branch of Charies river, is\\nvery pleasant and flourishing. It\\nlies 35 miles S. W. from Provi-\\ndence, and 15 W. from South\\nKingston. Hopkinton was first set-\\ntled in 1660. Incorporated, 1757.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,777.\\nHoiaton, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nsituated on the east line of the state\\nand of the United States, on the\\nborder of the Province of New\\nBrunswick. It lies 120 miles N_.\\nN. E. from Bangor, and about 75\\nW. N. W. from Frederickton, the\\ncapital of New Brunswick. The\\ntown was first settled in 1803, and\\nfor twenty years it was entirely cut\\noff from all communication with the\\nwestern part of the state by a dense\\nwilderness of neariy 100 miles in\\nextent.\\nIn 1829, a military post, the Han-\\ncock Barracks, was established\\nhere by the U. S. government, and\\nin 1334 the military and state roads\\nbetween Bangor and Houlton were\\ncompleted and opened for travel.\\nThe great thoroughfare between\\nthe United States and the British\\nProvince of New Brunswick is\\nthrough th^ town. The roads be-\\ntween Bangor and Houlton are ex-\\ncellent: stages pass and repass from\\nBangor through Houlton to Frede-\\nrickton, three times a week. Fred-\\nerickton is 80 miles N. N. W. from\\nSt. Johns. A good road betweea\\nHoulton and Calais, on the river\\nit. Croix, about 90 miles distant, is\\nnow open for travel. This town is\\nwell watered by branches of Me-\\nduxnekeag river, which empties\\ninto the St. John s. The garrison is\\nlocated about a mile north of the\\nvillage, and has generally contain-\\ned four companies of infantry. In\\nthis town the courts of probate are\\nheld, and the office of registry of\\ndeeds kept for the northern district\\nof Washington county.\\nThe soil of Houlton and its vicin-\\nity is of a superior quality. Twen-\\nty-five bushels of wheat to the acre\\nis an average crop 40 bushels to\\nthe acre is^frequently obtained.\\nHoulton, with a population of 667,\\nraised 5,869 bushels of wheat in the\\nyear 1837.\\nWe have heard it is said that per-\\nsons might go so far down east\\nas to jump off. If Houlton is\\nthe jumping off place, we advise\\nsome of our western brethren to go\\nand view the precipice.\\nIlousatoniclc River.\\nThe sources of this river are in\\nthe towns of Lanesborough and\\nWindsor, Berkshire county, Mass.\\nThe two branches meet at Pitts-\\nfield, where the river forms it then\\npasses south, through Berkshire\\ncounty, and enters the state of Con-\\nnecticut. After meandering through\\nthe county of Litchfield, in that\\nstate, it separates the counties of\\nNew Haven and Fairfield, and\\nmeets the tide water at Derby, 14\\nmiles above its entrance into Long\\nIsland Sound. The source of this\\nmountain stream is more than 1,000\\nfeet above the ocean; and in its\\ncourse, of nearly 150 miles, it af-\\nfords numerous mill sites, and pre-\\nsents many pleasant and well cul-\\ntivated towns. The volume of wa-\\nter of this river is not very large\\nexcept in seasons of freshet, when", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe rains from the mountains that\\nenviron its borders, inundate the\\nvalleys and greatly fertilize the soil.\\nThe scenery on the Housatonick\\nir exceedingly beautiful in some\\nplaces it is enchanting. The roman-\\ntic cataract at Canaan, Conn., of 60\\nfeet perpendicular, is well worthy\\nthe notice of travellers. The In-\\ndian name of this river, signifies\\nover the mountains. A vocabula-\\nry of Indian names, so beautiful and\\nexpressive, would be not only cu-\\nrious but valuable.\\nHowland, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a large\\ntownship of good land, in which the\\nPiscataquis and Seboois rivers form\\na junction at the mouth of the for-\\nmer, about 50 rods from the Penob-\\nscot, are several saw mills. The\\nbanks of the river are low and ve-\\nry beavitiful. Howland was incor-\\nporated in 1S26. It lies 117 miles\\nN. E. from Augusta, and 34 N. from\\nBangor. Population, 1830, 329;\\n1837, 507.\\nHubbardston, Vt.\\nRutland co. Elizabeth Hickok,\\nthe daughter of Elizabeth and Uriah\\nHickok, was the first white child\\nborn in this town. This event oc-\\ncurred in 1774. The face of the\\ntown is uneven, and in some parts\\nmountainous. It is watered by se-\\nveral ponds, the largest of which,\\nlying partly in Sudbury, is Grego-\\nry s pond, the outlet of which is\\ncalled Huhhardston river. This\\nriver empties into Lake Champlain\\nat West Haven, and is an excellent\\nmill stream. The village at the\\nnorthwesterly part of the town is\\npleasant and flourishing it con-\\ntains mills for the manufacture of\\nvarious articles.\\nHuhhardston lies 50 miles S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 10 N. W. from\\nRutland. Population, 1830, 865.\\nIlubbardston, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Huhhardston is\\non elevated ground, and the source\\nof several branches of Ware river.\\nThere is much unimproved water\\npower in the town. There are con-\\nsiderable tracts of valuable mead-\\now land, and the uplands are good\\nfor grazing. It was incorporated\\nin 1767. Population, 1837, 1,780.\\nThe manufactures of the town con-\\nsist of copperas, leather, boots, shoes,\\npalm-leaf hats, chairs, cabinet and\\nwooden wares. Hubbardston lies\\n54 miles W. from Boston, and 22\\nS. from Worcester.\\nHudson, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. This town lies\\n17 miles S. E. from Amherst, and\\n38 S. from Concord. The land here\\nis of easy cultivation. On the river\\nare fine intervales, of a deep rich\\nsoil. Distant from the river, the\\nland is hilly and somewhat broken.\\nThere are two ponds, known by the\\nname of Little Massabesick, and\\nOtternick ponds. This town was\\nincluded in the grant of Dunstable,\\nand was settled as early as 1710.\\nThe first settlements were made on\\nthe banks of the river, where the\\nIndians had cleared fields for culti-\\nvating corn. The first inhabitants\\nlived in garrisons. While the men\\nwere abroad in the fields and forests,\\nthe women and children were lodg-\\ned in these places of security.\\nNear the Indian cornfields have\\nbeen found cinders of a blacksmith*s\\nforge, which have led to the con-\\njecture that they employed a smith\\nto manufacture their implements of\\nwar and agriculture. Incorporated,\\n1746, by the name of Nottingham-\\nWest, which it retained until July\\n1, 1830, when it was changed to\\nHudson. Population in 1830, 1,282.\\nHull, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. Hull was first set-\\ntled about the year 1625. Incor-\\nporated, 1644. Populi^tion, 1837,\\n180. This town comprises the pen-\\ninsula of Nantasket, which forma\\nthe S. E. side of Boston harbor. It", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nextends N. by W. from Cohasset, 5\\nmiles, and is celebrated for its beau-\\ntiful beaeb, 4 miles in length, and\\nfor its shell fish and sea fowl. The\\ntown lies between two hills of fine\\nland, near point Alderton, opposite\\nBoston light-house. It lies 9 miles\\nE. S. E. from Boston, by water, and\\n22 by land, via Hingham. On one\\nof the hills in this place, is a well\\n90 feet in depth, which is frequently\\nalmost full of water. Capital in-\\nvested in the manufacture of salt,\\n$12,500.\\nHull is remarkable for the una-\\nnimity which always prevails among\\nits inhabitants in their deliberative\\nassemblies, and for a spirit of com-\\npromise manifest on all occasions in\\ntheir selection of pubUc servants.\\nHuntington, Vt.\\nChittenden co. First settled,\\n1786. Population, in 1830, 929.\\nHuntington lies 20 miles W. from\\nMontpelier, and 15 S. E. from Burl-\\nington. Huntington river passes\\nthrough this town; it is a branch\\nof Onion river, is rapid in its course,\\naffording several towns an abund-\\nant water povv er. The soil of Hun-\\ntington is poor its surface is gen-\\nerally too hilly for cultivation.\\nCamel s Back mountain lies in the\\neastern part of the town.\\nHnntington, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This is a township\\nof uneven surface, but well adapt-\\ned to agricultural purposes, to which\\nthe inhabitants are principally de-\\nvoted. Huntington was incorpora-\\nted in 1789. It lies 4 miles W.\\nfrom Derby Landing, 12 N. E. from\\nFairfield, and 12 W. from New\\nHaven. Population, 1830, 1,371.\\nHyannis IlarTbor, Mass.\\nSee Barnstable.\\nHyde Park, Vt.\\nLamoille CO. County town. The\\nLamoille, Green, and other rivers\\ngive this town a great water power,\\nsome of which is advantageously\\nimproved. The soil is generally of\\na good quality and easily cultiva-\\nted. It lies 24 miles N. from Mont-\\npelier, and 32 N. E. from Burling-\\nton. Population, 1830, 823. First\\nsettled, 1787.\\nIndian Rivers.\\nIndian river. Me., Washington\\ncounty, is a small stream in the town\\nof Addison.\\n/utZmw sfrcam, N. H., Coos coun-\\nty, is the principal and most north- i\\nerly source of Connecticut river,\\nrising in the highlands near the N.\\nlimit^of the state, and pursuing al-\\nmost a direct S. W. course to its\\njunction with the E. branch flow-\\ning from lake Connecticut.\\n^Indian river, Vt., rises in Ru-\\npert, and falls into the Pawlet. An-\\nother stream of this name, in Vt.,\\nrises in Essex, and falls into Col-\\nchester bay.\\nIndian Stream Territory.\\nIs a tract in New Hampshire N\\nof lat. 45\u00c2\u00b0, extending to the British\\npossessions in I-. Canada. It was\\nsurveyed in 1805, and contains 160,-\\n363 acres. Lake Connecticut and\\nseveral considerable ponds are sit-\\nuated within this tract.\\nIndustry, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town borders\\nN. W. on Sandy river, and is a\\nvaluable tract of land. It lies 32\\nmiles N. W. from Augusta, and is\\nbounded S. W. by Farmington.\\nIndustry w^as incorporated in 1803:\\nit has a pleasant village, and raised,\\nin 1837, 6,078 bushels of wheat,\\nwith a population of 1,014.\\nIpsAvich, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is one of the\\nshire towns of the county, and a\\nport of entry, on a river of the\\nsame name, sometimes called Aga-\\nwam, the Indian name of the place.\\nIpswich village is very pleasant,\\nand the country around it is well", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncultivated, and beautifully varie-\\ngated. There is a cotton mill in\\nthe town, and a number of vessels\\nare engaged in the coasting trade\\nand fishery. The manufactures\\nconsist of cotton goods, hosiery,\\nvessels, leather, boots, shoes, chairs,\\nand cabinet ware total annual\\namount, about $120,000. Ipswich\\nis 12 miles N. by E. from Salem,\\n10 S. from Newburyport, and 26\\nN. E. by N. from Boston. First\\nsettled, 16o3. Incorporated, 1634.\\nPopulation, 1820,2,553: 1837, 2,-\\n855.\\nIra, Vt.\\nRutland co. This township is\\nelevated it contains good land for\\nrearing cattle it has about 5,000\\nsheep. Castleton river and Ira\\nbrook wash a part of the town, but\\nafford no valuable mill privileges.\\nIra lies 60 miles S. S. W. from\\nMontpelier, and 8 S. W. from Rut-\\nland. Population, 1830, 442.\\nIrasbiii gli, Vt.\\nShire town of Orleans county.\\nThis township was granted to Ira\\nAllen and others, in 17S1. It was\\nfirst settled in 1799. Population,\\n1830, 860. It lies 40 miles N. by\\nE. from Montpelier, and 30 N. by\\nW. from Danville. The surface of\\nthe town is undulating, with an\\neasy soil to cultivate, and general-\\nly fertile. Black and Barton riv-\\ners water the town, but move too\\nsluggishly to produce any valuable\\npower.\\nIsinglass lilver, N. H.,\\nTakes its rise from Long pond\\nin Barrington, and Bow pond in\\nStrafford, and, after receiving the\\nw^aters of several other ponds, unites\\nwith the Cocheco near the S. part\\nof Rochester.\\nIsles of Slioals.\\nThese islands, 8 miles from the\\nmouth of Portsmouth harbor, N. H.\\nare seven in number, viz Hog,\\nSmutty Nose, Star, Duck, White,\\nMalaga, and Londonner islands.\\nHog contains 350 acres of rock, and\\nits greatest elevation is 57 feet above\\nhigh water mark. Smutty Nose\\ncontains about 250 acres of rock\\nand soil greatest elevation 45 feet.\\nStar island contains about 180 acres\\nof rock and soil, and its height is 55\\nfeet. These islands, as a town, are\\ncalled Gosport. Star and Smutty\\nNose are inhabited by fishermen,\\nwho carry on considerable business\\nin their way supplying Portsmouth\\nand the neighboring towns with\\nfresh fish, and sending large quan-\\ntities of cured fish to Boston and\\nother places. The celebrated dun\\nfish are found here, which have\\nheretofore been considered a dis-\\ntinct species of the cod. They\\ndiffer however from the common\\ncod only in the circumstance of\\ntheir being caught and cured in\\nwinter. Star island and Smutty\\nNose are connected by a sea wall,\\nbuilt at the expense of government,\\nfor the purpose of breaking a strong\\nsouth east current passing between\\nthem, and forming a safe anchor-\\nage on the north west side of it.\\nThese objects have been attained,\\nand the miniature fleet of the Shoal-\\ners, riding at anchor in this artifi-\\ncial harbor, is no unpleasant sight.\\nSmutty Nose and Malaga are con-\\nnected by a sea wall, built at the\\nexpense of Mr. Haley, the King\\nof the Shoals. This wall, 14 rods\\nin length, 13 feet in height, and\\nfrom 20 to 30 feet in width, effec-\\ntually secures Haley s inlet and\\nwharf from the easterly storms,\\nalthough the waves not unfrequent-\\nly break over it in a severe storm.\\nThese islands are composed of ledges\\nof gneiss, bearing evidence of their\\nigneous origin, as they are often\\ntraversed by veins of quartz, trap,\\nand iron stone.\\nThere are a few spots of dry soil\\nupon them under cultivation. The\\nShoals are a pleasant resort for\\nwater parties, and their delightful", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbracing air, cannot be otherwise\\nthan advantageous to those who are\\nin want of pure sea breezes. The\\npresent population is about 100.\\nThese islands were discovered\\nby the celebrated John Smith, in\\n1614, and were named by him\\nSmith s Isles. The line between\\nMaine and New Hampshire passes\\nthrough these islands, leaving the\\nlargest on the side of Maine. Up-\\non all of them are chasms in the\\nrocks, having the appearance of\\nbeing caused by earthquakes. The\\nmost remarkable is on Star island,\\n(Gosport) in which one Betty Moody\\nsecreted herself when the Indians\\nvisited the island and took away\\nmany female captives and thence\\ncalled to this day Betty Moody s\\nhole. For more than a century\\nprevious to the revolution, these\\nislands were populous, containing\\nfrom 300 to 600 souls. They had\\na court-house on Haley s island\\na meeting-house, tirst on Hog isl-\\nand, and afterwards on Star island.\\nFrom 3 to 4 thousand quintals fish\\nwere annually caught and cured\\nhere, and 7 or 8 schooners, besides\\nnumerous boats, were employed in\\nthe business. The business has\\nsince very greatly decreased.\\nWilliam Pepperell and a Mr. Gib-\\nbons, from Topsham, England, were\\namong the first settlers at the Shoals;\\nthe former an ancestor of the cele-\\nbrated Sir William Pepperell.\\nA woman, of the name of Pul-\\nsey, died in Gosport, in 1795, aged\\n90. In her life time she kept two\\ncows. The hay on which they\\nfed in winter, she used to cut in\\nsummer, among the rocks, with a\\nknife, with her own hands. Her\\ncows, it was said, were always in\\ngood order. They were taken from\\nher, but paid for, by the British, in\\n1775, and killed, to the no small\\ngrief of the good old woman.\\nIslesborongK; Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town comprises\\na large and fertile island, in Penob-\\n17\\nscot bay, and several islands in its\\nvicinity. This island has excellent\\nharbors, and is much frequented by\\nfishermen and coasters. The inhab-\\nitants are independent farmers and\\nfishermen, who are accustomed to\\nrender their insular situation a\\nplace of comfort to the wayfarer,\\nor the invalid in pursuit of ocean\\nbreezes. Islesborough lies 10 miles\\nS. E. from Belfast, and 56 E. from\\nAugusta. Incorporated, 1789.\\nPopulation, 1837, 674.\\nIsrael s River, N. H.,\\nCoos CO., is formed by the waters\\nwhich descend in cataracts from the\\nsummits of Mounts Adams and Jef-\\nferson, and running N. W. it passes\\nthrough Randolph and Jefferson,\\ndischarging itself into the Connec-\\nticut near the centre of Lancaster.\\nIt is a beautiful stream, and receiv-\\ned its name from Israel Glines, a\\nhunter, who with his brother fre-\\nquented these regions, long before\\nthe settlement of the county.\\n(Fadsson, Me.\\nWaldo CO. An interior township\\nof good land that produced, in 1837,\\n4,898 bushels of as fine wheat as\\ncan be raised in Tennessee. Pop-\\nulation, same year, 523. Jackson\\nis 49 miles N. E. from Augusta, and\\n15 N. N. W. from Belfast. Incor-\\nporated, 1818.\\nJackson, 7i. II.)\\nCoos CO., situated on the E. side\\nof the White mountains. The sur-\\nface of the town is uneven, but the\\nsoil is rich and productive. It is\\nwatered principally by the two\\nbranches of Ellis river, passing\\nfrom the N. and uniting on the S.\\nborder near Spruce mountain.\\nThe principal elevations are called\\nBlack, Baldface, and Thorn moun-\\ntains. Benjamin Copp was the first\\nsettler; he moved into Jackson in\\n1779, and with his family buffeted\\nthe terrors of the wilderness four-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nteen years, before any other person\\nsettled there. The town was in-\\ncorpoiated December 4, 1800, by\\nthe name of Adams, which name\\nit retained until 1829, when it was\\nchanged to Jackson. Population,\\nin 1S30, 515.\\nJafTrcy, Z II.\\nCheshire co. This town lies 62\\nmiles N. W. from Boston, and 40 S.\\nW. by S. from Concord. The Grand\\nMonadnock is situated in the N. W.\\npart of this town and in Dublin.\\nInnumerable streams of water issue\\nfrom the mountain. Those which\\nissue from the western side dis-\\ncharge themselves into the Con-\\nnecticut river; those from tiie east-\\nern form the head waters of Con-\\ntoocook river. The largest stream\\nrises about 100 rods from the sum-\\nmit, and descends in a S. E. direc-\\ntion. With this brook, the thirsty\\nand fatigued visitors of the moun-\\ntain associate the most pleasing re-\\ncollections. The uneven soil of\\nJaflrey, affording numerous metul-\\nows, and early and rich pastures,\\nis peculiarly adapted to raising cat-\\ntle. There are several ponds in\\nthis town. Out of 3, issue streams\\nsufficient to carry mills erected near\\ntheir outlets, in the largest, which\\nis 400 rods long, and 140 wide, is\\nan island comprising about 10 acres.\\nAbout 1 1-2 miles S. E. from the\\nmountain is the Monadnock mine-\\nral spring. The spring is slightly\\nimpregnated with carbonate of iron\\nand sulphate of soda. It preserves\\nso uniform a temperature as never\\nto have been known to freeze.\\nWhere the spring issues from the\\nearth, yellow ochre is thrown out.\\nIn this town are a cotton and wool-\\nen factory, and various mills. The\\nfirst permanent settlement was made\\nin 1758. Jaffrey was incorporated\\nin 1773, receiving its name from\\nGeorge Jaffrey, Esq., of Portsmouth,\\none of the original proprietors. Pop-\\nulation in 1830, 1,354.\\nWindham co. West river waters\\nthis town, and gives good mill seats.\\nAt a pleasa.it village near the cen-\\ntre of the iwvvn are valuable man-\\nufacturing establishments. The sur-\\nface of the town is very uneven\\nin some parts mountainous, but the\\nsoil is generally good and produc-\\ntive. Lime-stone of a good quality-\\nis found here. Jamaica was first\\nsettled in 1780. Population, 1830,\\n1,523. It lies 90 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, and 14 N. W. from\\nNewfane.\\n(famesto^x ii, H. I.\\nNewport co. This town compris-\\nes Connanicut, a beautiful island\\nin Narraganset bay, about 8 miles\\nin length its average breadth is\\nabout a mile. The soil is a rich\\nloam, and peculiarly adapted for\\ngrazing and the production of In-\\ndian corn and barley.\\nThe inhabitants of this island are\\nremarkable for their industry and\\nagricultural skill, which, united\\nwith the fertility of the soil and the\\nlocation of the island, renders it a\\ndelightful place. The distance from\\nthe town or island to Newport and\\nSouth Kingston is about a nale each\\nway to each of those places a fer-\\nry is established. The island was\\npurchased of the Indians in 1657.\\nJamestown was incorporated in\\n1678. Population, 1830, 415.\\nJay, Me.\\nFranklin co. Jay lies at a bend-\\nof Androscoggin river, 29 miles W.\\nby N. from Augusta, and 12 S. S. W-.\\nfrom Farmington. There is much\\nvaluable land in Jay. The inhab-\\nitants are principally farmers, and\\ncultivate the soil with much indus-\\ntry. The town produced, in 1837,\\n8,129 bushels of wheat, and con-\\nsiderable wool. Population, 1830,\\n1,276; 1837, 1,685. Incorporated,\\n1795.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nJay, Vt.\\nOrleans co, A part of this town\\nis very mountainous Jay s p-3ak\\nlying in the S. W. part; the other\\npart is good arable huid, and would\\nproduce good crops if well culti-\\nvated. A number of streams issue\\nfrom the mountain and produce an\\nample water power. Jay was char-\\ntered in 1792, but it was not per-\\nmanently settled until about ISIG.\\nIt lies 50 miles N. from Alontpe-\\nlier, and 15 N. ^V.. from Irasburgh.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 196.\\nJefferson, Me*\\nLincoln co. This town lies at\\nthe head of Damariscotta river, and\\nembracer a large body of water.\\nIt is otherwise watered by several\\nponds producing streams for mill\\nseats, which give to Jefierson great\\nfacilities for sawing and transport-\\ning lumber. This is a flourishing\\ntown in its trade and agricultural\\npursuits; it produced 3,361 bushels\\nof wheat in 1837. Incorporated,\\n1807. Population, 1837, 2,246. It\\nlies 28 miles E. S. E. from Augus-\\nta, and 15 N. E. from Wiscasset.\\nJefferson, X. H.\\nCoos CO. Pondicherry pond, in\\nthis town, is about 200 rods in di-\\nameter, and is the principal source\\nof John s river. Pondicherry bay\\nis abouc 200 rods wide and 100 lony.\\nMount Pliny lies in the easterly\\npart of this town, and around its\\nbase there is excellent grazing and\\ntillage land. On the S. W. side of\\nthis mountain are several fine farms,\\nwhich command a iiiost delightful\\nview of the White mountains. Is-\\nrael s river passe.^ throiigii Jeffer-\\nson from S. E. to N. W., and here\\nreceives a considerable branch. The\\ntown was first settled about the year\\n1773. Jefferson is 77 miles N. from\\nConcord, and 9 S E. from Lancas-\\nter. Population, 1\u00c2\u00ab30, 495.\\nJerico, Vt.\\nChittenden CO. First settled, 1774.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,654. Jerico lies\\n25 miles N. W. from Montpelier,\\nand 12 E. from Burlington. This\\ntown lies on the N. side of Onion\\nriver, and is otherwise finely sup-\\nplied with mill seats by Brown s\\nriver and other streams. The soil\\nvaries in quality, from good inter-\\nvale, on the streams, to common\\ngrazing pastures, on the hills. There\\nis a pleasant village at the falls, on\\nBrown s river, and some manufac-\\ntories.\\nJolinsoii, Vt.\\nLamoille co. Johnson was first\\nsettled in 1784, by a levolutionary\\nhero, of the name of Samuel Ea-\\nton. Mr. Eaton frequently passed\\nthrough this township, while scout-\\ning between Connecticut river and\\nlake Champlain and several times\\nencamped on the same flat which\\nhe afterwards occupied as a farm, it\\nbeing a beautiful tract of intervale.\\nLike many other settlers of this\\nstate, he had many difficulties to\\nencounter. In indigent circumstan-\\nces, and with a numerous family,\\nhe loaded his little all upon an old\\nhorse, and set out in search of that\\nfavorite spot which he had selected\\nin his more youthful days. He\\nhad to travel nearly 70 miles through\\nthe wilderness, guided by the trees\\nwhich had been marked by the\\nscouts, and opening a path as he\\npassed along. He depended, for\\nsome time after he arrived at John-\\nson, entirely upon hunting and fish-\\ning for the support of himself and\\nfamilj-.\\nThe river Lamoille enters this\\ntownship near the southeast cor-\\nner, and running westerly about\\ntwo miles, through a rich tract of\\nintervale, falls over a ledge of rocks\\nabout 15 feet in height into a basin\\nbelow. This is called J\\\\r ConiicVs\\nfalls. Thence it runs northwest-\\nerly over a bed of rocks, about 100\\nrods, narrowing its channel and in-\\ncreasing its velocity, when it forms\\na whirlpool and sinks under a bar-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrier of rocks, which extends across\\nthe river. The arch is of solid\\nrock, is about eight feet wide, and\\nat low water is passed over by\\nfootmen with safety. The water\\nrises below through numerous aper-\\ntures, exhibiting the appearance of\\nthe boiling of a pot.\\nThe suiface of this township is\\nuneven, being thrown into ridges,\\nwhich are covered with hemlock,\\nspruce and hard wood. The soil is\\na dark, or yellow loam, mixed with\\na light sand, is easily tilled, and\\nvery productive. The alluvial flats\\nare considerably extensive, but back\\nfrom the river the lands are, in\\nsome parts rather stony. In the\\nnortheastern part has been discov-\\nered a quantity of soapstone.\\nThe village, in Johnson, is very\\npleasant, and contains a number of\\nmills, for the manufacture of vari-\\nous articles. Johnson lies 28 miles\\nN. by W. from Montpelier, and 6\\nN. W. from Hyde Park. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,079.\\nJolinston, R. I.\\nProvidence co. This town lies\\n5 miles W. from Providence, from\\nwhich it was taken in 1759. It is\\npleasantly variegated by hills and\\nvales, with a soil adapted to the cul-\\nture of corn and barley, and par-\\nticularly to all sorts of vegetables\\nand fruits, of which large quantities\\nare annually sent to Providence\\nmarket. The quarries of freestone\\nin Johnston are valuable they sup-\\nply the wants, not only of the city\\nand immediate vicinity, but distant\\nplaces, with that useful material.\\nThe Wonasquatucket and Pochasset\\nrivers with their tributary streams\\ngive this town a good hydraulic pow-\\ner. Beautiful manufacturing vil-\\nlages are scattered along the banks\\nof these waters, presenting to the\\neye of the traveller the pleasant\\nunion of our agricultural and man-\\nufacturing interests. Population,\\n1830, 2,113.\\nJonesborougli, Me.\\nWashington co. This town hag\\nChandler s river and the head of\\nEnglishman s bay on the E., Jores-\\nport on the S., and the town of Ad-\\ndison on the W. Incorporated, 1809.\\nPopulation, 1837, 435. It lies 134\\nmiles E. by N. from Augusta, and\\n12 S. W. from Machias.\\nJoiiesport, Me.\\nWashington co. Taken from Jones-\\nborough in 1836, and is bounded N.\\nby Jonesborough, E. by English-\\nman s bay, S. by Mispeeky reach,\\nand W. by Addison bay and har-\\nbor. This place has an excellent\\nharbor, and is finely located for ship\\nbuilding, the fisheries and coasting\\ntrade. It lies 138 miles E. by N.\\nfrom Augusta, and 16 S. W. from\\nMachias. Population, 1837, 581\\nBeal and Head islands lie off S.\\nfrom Jonesport.\\nJudith Point, R. I.\\nA noted headland in South Kings-\\nton, 11 miles S. S.W. from Newport,\\nin N. lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 24 W. Ion. 71\u00c2\u00b0 35\\nA light-house was erected here in\\n1810, the tower of which is 3.^ feet\\nin height. This point opens to the\\nocean about midway between Vine-\\nyard and Long Island Sounds.\\nWhen off this place, travellers un-\\naccustomed to the sea frequently\\nexperience some little inconveni-\\nence for a few miles. From this\\nlight, Montauk, on Long Island,\\nbears about S. W. 30 miles, and Gay\\nHead, on Martha s Vineyard, about\\nE. by S., 35 miles.\\nK^atalidiu Mountain, Me.\\nThis celebrated mountain, the\\ngreatest elevation in the state, lies\\nbetween the eastern and western\\nbranches of Penobscot river, in the\\ncounty of Piscataquis, about eighty\\nmiles N. N. W. from Bangor, and\\n120 N. N. E. from Augusta. Dr.\\nJackson has ascertained its height", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nto be 5,390 feet above the level of\\nthe sea. The Indians had a notion\\nthat this mountain was the abode\\nof supernatural beings. It is steep\\nand rugged, and stands in almost\\nsolitary grandeur. It may be seen\\nin a clear day from Baugor. Tho,-c\\nwho have visited its summit pro-\\nnounce the scenery um-ivalled in\\nsublimity.\\nKearsarge ZTomitain, N. H.,\\nIn the county of Merrimack, sit-\\nuated between the towns of J^^ntton\\nand Salisbury, extending into both\\ntowns. The line between ihuot\\nand Warner passes over the sum-\\nmit. Kearsarge is elevated 2,481\\nfeet above the level of the sea, and\\nis the highest mountain in Merri-\\nmack county. Its summit is now\\na bare mass of granite, presenting\\nan irregular and broken surface\\nthe sides are covered with a thick\\ngrowth of wood. The prospect from\\nthis mountain, in a clear sky, is\\nvery wide and beautiful.\\nKeene, K. II.,\\nChief town of Cheshire co., is one\\nof the most flourishing tov.ns in\\nN. H. It is 80 miles W.^N. W. from\\nBoston, (10 S. from Dartmouth col-\\nlege, 43 S. S. E. from Windsor, Yt.,\\n40 W. from Amherst, and 55 W. S.\\nW. from Concord. Tb.e soil is of va-\\nrious kinds and generally good.\\nAshueloi river has its source in a\\npond in Vv ashington. and discharges\\nitself into the Connecticut, at Hins-\\ndale, 20 miles distant from Keene.\\nKeene has been called one of the\\nprettiest villages in New Eng-\\nland; and president Dwight, in his\\ntravels, pronounces it one of the\\npleasantest inland towns he had\\nseen. The principal village is sit-\\nuated on a flat, E. of the A^huelot,\\nnearly equidistant from that and the\\nupland. It is particularly entitled\\nto notice for the extent, width, and\\nuniform level of its streets. The\\nmain street, extending one nule in\\na straiaht line, is almost a perfect\\n17*\\nlevel, and is well ornamented with\\ntrees. The buildings are good and\\nwell arranged some of them are\\nelegant. Keene is a place of con-\\nsiderable business. It has 2 glass\\nhouses, a woolen factory, iron found-\\nry, and manj other valuable manu-\\nficturing establishments. Its first\\nsettlement commenced about the\\nyear 1734, by Jeremiah Hall and\\nothers. Its original name was Up-\\nper Ashueloi. It was incorporated\\nwith its present name, April 11,\\n1753, which is derived from Sir\\nBenjamin Keene, British niinister\\nat Spain, and contemporary with\\nGov. B. Wentworth.\\nIn 1786 the settlement had so\\nincreased, that a meeting-house was\\nerected and in two years after, a\\nminister was settled. But the usual\\nscourge, which attended the fron-\\ntier settlements, visited this town\\nIn 1745 the Indians killed Josiah\\nFisher, a deacon of the church\\nin 1746, they attacked the fort, the\\nonly protection of the inhabitants.\\nThey were, however, discovered\\nby Capt. Ephraim Dorman in sea-\\nson to prevent their taking it.\\nHe was attacked by two Indians,\\nbut defended himself successfully\\nagainst them, and reached the fort.\\nAn action ensued, in which John\\nBuUard was killed Mrs. M Ken-\\nney, who being out of the fort, was\\nstabbed and died and Nathan Blake\\ntaken prisoner, carried to Canada,\\nwhere he remoincd two years. Mr.\\nBlake afterwards returned to Keene,\\nwhere he lived till his death,in 1811,\\nat the age of 99 years and 5 months.\\nVv henhewas 94 he married a wid-\\now of 60. The Indians burnt all the\\nbuildings in the settlement, includ-\\ning the meeting-house. The in-\\nhabitants continued in the fort un-\\ntil April, 1747, when the town was\\nabandoned. In 1753 they return-\\ned, and re-con. menced their settle-\\nments. In 1755 the Indians again\\nattacked the fort. Their number\\nwas great, and the onset violent,\\nbut the vigilance and courage of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nCapt. Syms successfully defended\\nit. After burning several build-\\nings, killing cattle, c., they with-\\ndrew. They again invaded the\\ntown, but with little success.\\nCol. Isaac Wyman, an active\\nand influential man, marched the\\ntirst detachment of men from this\\ntown, in the war of the revolution,\\nand was present at the battle of\\nBreed s Hill. Population, in 1830,\\n2,371.\\nlieiidiiskeag Streain, Me.\\nThis stream rises in Dexter and\\nGarland, and after meandering very\\ncircuitously through Corinth, Le-\\nvant and Dutton, it falls into the\\nPenobscot river, at the centre of\\nthe city of Bangor. This is a valu-\\nable mill stream; it has numerous\\ntributaries its banks are fertile,\\nromantic and beautiful.\\nKeiiiieTjec River, Me.\\nThe first source of this import-\\nant river is Moose Head lake, of\\nwhich it is the outlet. From thence\\nit passes in a S. W. course nearly\\n20 miles, where it receives the wa-\\nters of Dead river it then proceeds\\nS. to Starks, about 40 miles, where\\nit receives the v/aters of the Sandy\\nhere it changes its course easterly,\\nabout 12 miles, passing Norridge-\\nwock and Skowhegan it then again\\nchanges its course to the S. till it\\nreceives the waters of the Sebastl-\\ncook, about 15 miles it continues\\nto descend in nearly a S. course to\\nHallowell, tibout 20 miles here\\nit inclines to the E. a few miles,\\nand then resuming a S. course, and\\npassing through Aierrymeeting bay,\\nwhere it receives the Andi-oscog-\\ngia river, it passes Bath and meets\\nthe ocean. The wliole lenglli of\\nthis river, from Moose Head lake\\nto the sea, is about 150 miles.\\nThe tributaries already named are\\nthe most considerable but there\\nare many others that would be con-\\nsidered important rivers in other\\nsections of country. The whole fall\\nof this river is more than 1,000 feet,\\nand its hydraulic power, with that\\nof its tributaries, is incalculable.\\nWe are enabled to state that the\\naverage, or mean time, of the clos-\\ning of this river by ice, at Hallow-\\nell, for 45 successive years, was\\nDecember 12th, and of its opening,\\nApril 3d. The most remarkable\\nyears were, 1792, when the riv-\\ner closed November 4th, and open-\\ned April Ist, the following year\\nand 1831, when it closed January\\n10th, and opened April loth, 1832.\\nSince the \\\\ear 1786 the Kennebec\\nhas not been obstructed by ice in\\nany spring after the 20th of April.\\nIveniieTSjec Cowiity, Me.\\nAugusta is the shire town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Franklin,\\nSomerset, and Penobscot counties,\\nE. by Waldo and a part of Lincoln\\ncounties, S. by Lincoln county, and\\nW. by Oxford county. This county\\nis watered by numerous ponds and\\nrivers, but principally by the noble\\nKennebec, which passes nearly\\nthrough its centre, from which the\\nname of the county is derived. The\\ni ace of the county is undulating,\\nnot hilly; its soil is of a superior\\nquality, producing, in great abund-\\nance, all the variety of grasses,\\ngrains, vegetables and fruits com-\\nmon to its climate. The union of\\nhydraulic power with navigable\\nwaters, which this county enjoys\\nits fertility, locality, and other nat-\\nural advantages, render it a highly\\nfavored section of our country.\\nArea, about 1,050 square miles. In\\n1837 this county contained 101,238\\nsheep, and produced 186,876 bush-\\nels of wheat. Population, 1837,62,-\\n375 59 inhabitants to a square mile.\\nKemielnmlc, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is situated\\non the S. W. side of the Kenne-\\nbunk river, and is regarded as one\\nof the pleasantest towns in New\\nEngland. Population, 1837, 2,343.\\nIn former ve3r the business of the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntown was mostly of a commercial\\ncharacter, there being a large num-\\nber of vessels owned here, which\\nwere engaged in the West India\\ntrade. But this trade is now near-\\nly abandoned, and the navigation is\\nengaged in the freighting, coiisting,\\nand iishing business. Ship build-\\ning has been carried on here to a\\ngreat extent, for about seventy\\nyears, and some of the finest ships\\nin the country have been built in\\nthis place within the last fe v. year-.\\nThere is one large cotton factory in\\noperation, and other privileges for\\nhirge manufacturing establishments\\non the Kennebunk, and the Mou-\\nsum, a pleasant stream which meets\\nthe ocean in this town. Kenne-\\nbunk is a port of entry tonnage of\\nthe district, in 18.3? 6,964 tons.\\nIncorporated, 1820. It lies SO miles\\nS. W. from Augusta, 25 S. W. from\\nPortland, and 15 N. N. E. from\\nYork.\\nI\u00c2\u00a3enue1 iink: Port, Me.,\\nYork CO., is situated on the N.\\nE. side of the Kennebunk river.\\nThis town was formerly extensive-\\nly engaged in the Vvest India trade,\\n^ut its navigation is now employed\\nin the freighting, coasting, and iish-\\ning business. The extensive gran-\\nite quarries here are likely to be-\\ncome a source of considerable busi-\\nness. The stone, bearing a strong\\nresemblance to the Quincy, finds\\na ready market where granite is\\nmade use of in building. Thirty\\nyears ago, this town, and Kenne-\\nbunk, on the opposite side of the\\nriver, were the niost active and busy\\nports in Maine but the tide of\\nemigration has carried off most of\\nthe young men, leaving a surplus\\nof girls; so that v.-hatever activity\\nthere now is in the place, is of a\\ndomestic character, not creating\\nthat noise and bustle incident to the\\noperations of the other sex. Ken-\\nnebunk Port lies about 4 miles N.\\nE. from Kennebunk. This town\\nand Kennebunk are much united in\\nmaritime pursuits, and both enjoy\\na good harbor for shipping. Popu-\\nlation, 183.7, 2,730.\\nIxeusington, N\u00c2\u00ab H.,\\nRockingham co., is 45 miles N.\\nfrom Boston, 15 S. W, from Ports-\\nmouth, and 40 S. E. from Concord.\\nThis town has no streams of any\\nnote; its surface is pretty even.\\nKensington was settled at an early\\nperiod, and was originally a part of\\nHampton, from which it was de-\\ntached in 1737. Population, 1830,\\n717.\\nIvent County, R. I.\\nEast Greenwich is the county\\ntown. Kent county is bounded N.\\nby Providence county, E. by Pro-\\nvidence bay, S. by Washington\\ncounty, and W. by the state of Con-\\nnecticut. The surface of the coun-\\nty is generally rough and uneven:\\nin the eastern part are tracts of le-\\nvel land. The soil is either a gra-\\nve Ih- or Fandy loam, and very pro-\\nductive of Indian grain, rye, fruits,\\nand A-egetables. The grazing busi-\\nness is extensively pursued in this\\ncounty. The Pawtuxet and Flat\\nrivers are the principal, but a num-\\nber of large ponds produce smaller\\nstreams in abundance. The manu-\\nfacturing interests of this county,\\nparticularly of cotton and wool, are\\nvery extensive, and probably pur-\\nsued with as much spirit and suc-\\ncess as in any portion of the state.\\nSome navigation is employed on the\\nbay in tlie coasting trade and fish-\\nery. Kent county comprises an\\narea of 186 square miles. Popula-\\ntion, 1820, 10,228; 1830, 12,789.\\nPopulation to a square mile, 69.\\nKent, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. First settled, 1738.\\nIncorporated, 1739. Population,\\n1830, 2,001. Kent is 50 miles W.\\nfrom Hartfoi-d, 50 N. W. from New\\nHaven, and 15 W. from Litchfield.\\nThis is a mountainous township,\\nwith some fine land on the banks", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof the Housatonick, which passes\\nthrough its western border. Good\\niron ore is found here. There are\\nthree furnaces in town, but the\\nmanufacture of iron is not so exten-\\nsive as formerly. The Housaton-\\nick, cahii and still, winding grace-\\nfully at the foot of a high and rug-\\nged mountain, renders the scenery\\nfrom the neat and quiet village,\\nhighly picturesque and beautiful.\\nThere is in this (own, says Dr.\\nTrumbull, convincing evidence\\nthat it was a grand seat of the na-\\ntive inhabitants of this counti-y,\\nbefore Indians, who more lately in-\\nhabited it, had any residence in it.\\nThere are arrow heads, stone pots,\\nand a sort of knives, and various\\nkinds of utensils, frequently found\\nby the English, of such curious\\nworkmanship as exceeds all the\\nskill of any Indians since the Eng-\\nlish came into this country, and\\nbecame acquainted with them.\\nThese were not only found when\\nthe town was first settled, but they\\nare still found on the sides of Kousa-\\ntonic river.\\nKilkenny, N. H.\\nCoos CO. This place was granted\\nin 1774, and contained, in 1830, but\\n27 inhabitants. They are poor, and\\nfor aught that appears to the contra-\\nry, must always remain so, as they\\nmay be deemed actual trespassers\\non that part of creation destined by\\nits author for the residence of bears,\\nwolves, moose, and other animals\\nof the forest. An exception, how-\\never, may possibly be mace in fa-\\nvor of a narrow strip of land along\\nthe S. boundary of the town. Pi-\\nlot and Willard s mountains, so call-\\ned from a dog and his master, cov-\\ner a considerable part of this town.\\nWillard, a hunter, had been lost\\ntwo or three days on these moun-\\ntains, on the east side of which his\\ncamp was situated. Each day he\\nobserved his dog Pilot left him, as\\nhe supposed in pursuit of game\\nbut towards night he would con-\\nstantly return. Willard being, on\\nthe second or third day, nearly ex-\\nhausted with fatigue and hunger,\\nput himself under the guidance of\\nhis dog, who in a short time con-\\nducted him in safety to his camp.\\nliillingly, Ct.\\nVvindham co. This town lies 45\\nmiles E. from Hartford, 25 W. from\\nProvidence, R. I., and 5 N. E. from\\nBrooklyn. First settled in 1700.\\nI The first white person known to\\nhave been bui-ied here was Mr.\\nNell Alexander s great-grand-mo-\\nther. (See jilexonder s Lake.) This\\ntown is rough and hilly, but there\\nis a great deal of beauty about it,\\nand its history is full of romantic\\nstories relating to the first settlers\\nand the red men. The town is\\nwell watered by the Quinnebaugand\\nits branches. There are three vil-\\nlages. Pleasant Valley, Daysville,\\nand Danielsonville, all pleasant and\\nflourishing manufacturing places.\\nThey contain 14 cotton and 3 wool-\\nen mills, a furnace, an axe factory,\\nand other mechanical operations.\\nKillingly contains excellent quar-\\nries of freestone, and of a slate rock\\nresembling granite, soft, and easily\\nwrought; also of a slate rock com-\\nposed of granular quartz, almost\\nwhite. A lich bed of porcelain\\nclay is found on Mashentuck hill,\\nsaid to equal French or Chinese\\nclay. Population, 1S3G, 4,000.\\nKiilingtoM Peak, Vt.\\nThis noted elevation of the Green\\nMountain range, .3,924 feet above\\nthe ocean, lies ip Sherburne, 10\\nmiles from Rutland.\\nICilliiigivortli, Ct.\\nMiddlesex co. This town, the\\nIndian Hammoimasset, was first\\nsettled in 1663. The central part\\nof the town is 38 miles S. E. from\\nHartford, 27 W. from New Lon-\\ndon, and 17 S. by E. from Mid-\\ndletown. Population, 1830, 2,484.\\nThis tov. n lies on Long Island", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSound with a harbor for small v^es-\\nseis. Many vessels are built at\\nthis place. There is 1,000 acres\\nof good salt meadow in Killing-\\nworth, and the soil of the uplands,\\nalthough hard and uneven, are ren-\\ndered productive by industry and\\nskillful management. The village\\nis very pleasant, with a wide street\\na mile and a half in length, crossed\\nabout midway by Indian river, a\\nsmall stream which enters the har-\\nbor. This was a great resort for\\nthe Indians. Immense masses\\nof mouldering shells still point out\\nthe places where they dwelt.\\nKillingworth is a healthful, inter-\\nesting place.\\nKiliuarnoclc, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town is\\nwell watered by Piscataquis river\\nand the outlet of Scootum lake. It\\nlies 103 miles N. E. from Augusta,\\nand 22 N. N. E. from Dover. In-\\ncorporated, 1824. Population, 1830,\\n138; 1837, 313.\\nlixa.sS.eld, Me.\\nFranklin co. A fine farming\\ntownship, east of Mount Abraham,\\nand watered by Seven Mile brook\\nand one of its tributaries. It lies\\n55 miles N. W. by N. from Au-\\ngusta, and 25 N. from Farmington.\\nPopulation, 1837, 614. Incorpora-\\nted, 1803. Wheat crop of 1837,\\n3,877 bushels.\\nKingsbury, Me.\\nIncorporated, 1836. See Down\\nEast.\\nKingston, N. H.\\nRockingham co. This town is\\ndistant from Concord 37 miles S. E.,\\nfrom Exeter 6, and from Portsmouth\\n20. There are several ponds in\\nthis town. The largest is Great\\npond, which lies on the W. of the\\nvillage, and contains upwards of\\n300 acres, with an island of 10 or 12\\nacres, covered with wood. There\\nare no high hills in Kingston those\\ncalled the Great hill and Rockri-\\nmon are the highest. The soil of\\nKingston is generally loamy. The\\ncharter of Kingston was granted,\\n1694. The grant also comprehend-\\ned what now forms the towns of\\nEast Kingston, Danville, and San-\\ndown. This town suffered in com-\\nmon with others in the vicinity, from\\nIndian depredations. Many Indian\\nimplements, with some ancient\\nFrench coin, have been ploughed\\nup in the vicinity of the ponds.\\nMaj. Ebejvezer Stevens, one\\nof the early settlers, was a very\\ndistinguished and useful citizen.\\nThis town was also the residence\\nof the Hon. Josiah Bartlett,\\none of the first worthies of the state,\\nand an eminent physician. His\\npublic career commenced in 1765,\\nand from that time to his death he\\nwas an unwearied advocate and\\nsupporter of the liberties of Amer-\\nica. He was the first governor of\\nthe state under its free constitution.\\nHe died in 1795, aged 65. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 929.\\nKingston, Vt.\\nAddison co. A mountainous town-\\nship settled soon after the revolu-\\ntionary war. Population, 1830, 403.\\nWhite river is formed in Kingston\\nby the union of several streams.\\nHere is a beautiful v/ater fall of\\n100 feet, 50 of which is perpendic-\\nular. At the bottom of the fall the\\nwater has worn a hole 10 feet in\\ndepth. Kingston lies 21 miles S.\\nW. from Montpelier, and 14 E. from\\nMiddlebury.\\nKingston, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town lies\\nwithin Plymouth harbor, 4 miles\\nN. W. from Plymouth, and 31 S.\\nE. from Boston. Kingston has a\\ngood harbor, a considerable stream\\nof water and some excellent land.\\nThere are a number of vessels en-\\ngaged in the coasting trade, and\\nsome in foreign commerce. Many\\nvessels are built here of the south", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nshore white oak, noted for its\\nstrength and durability. During\\nthe year ending April 1,1837, there\\nwere 19 vessels engaged in the cod\\nand mackerel fishery. They took\\n14,214 quintals of cod fish, and 886\\nbarrels of mackerel, the value of\\nwhich amounted to ,^48,590. There\\nis a cotton mill in Kingston, and\\nmanufactures of bar iron, nails, ax-\\nes, cutlery, anchors, leather, shoes,\\npa!ra-leaf hats, and shingles total\\nvalue inone year $105,.302. Monk s\\nhill presents an excellent vievt of\\nPlymouth harbor. Kingston was\\nincorporated in 1726. Population,\\n1837, 1,371.\\nKii ljy, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. First settled, 1799.\\nPopulation, 1830, 401. There are\\nsome tracts of good land in Kirby,\\nbut the township is generally either\\nwet and cold, or too mountainous for\\ncultivation. It has a number of\\nsprings, brooks, and a good fish\\npond. The town lies 36 miles N.\\nE. from Montpeher, and 14 N. E.\\nfrom Danville.\\nlOrklaiid, Me.\\nPenobscot CO. Kirkland is finely\\nwatered by Dead stream, Pushavv\\nlake and its principal tributary riv-\\ner. It lies 83 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 15 N. N. W. from\\nBangor. Incorporated, 1823. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 258.\\nKittery, Me.\\nYork CO. A sea port town on\\nthe N. E. bank of the Piscataqua\\nriver, being the extreme southwest-\\nern boundary of the state on the\\nAtlantic, adjoining York on the N.\\nE. and Elliot on the N. W. It is\\none of the earliest settlements in\\nthe province, or state, and had its\\nshare of trial and suffering with\\nothers of their days, from repeated\\nincursions of the Indians. The\\nriver or inlet, called Spruce creek,\\naffords a convenient harbor for ves-\\nsels usually employed in the coast-\\ning trade and fishery, and formerly\\nconsiderable trade was carried on\\nwith the West Indies from this\\nplace but there is little or none\\nat present.\\nKittery point was the residence\\nof Sir William Pepperell, who com-\\nmanded the New England troops in\\nthe celebrated expedition to Cape\\nBreton, in 1745, which resulted in\\nthe captu!-e of Louis hurg. It is\\ndivided from Poi-tsmouth, N. H. by\\nthe Piscataqua. A bridge connects\\nit with that place. Another bridge\\nconnects it with Badger s island, on\\nwhich is the United States Navy\\nYard. Kittery lies 103 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 50 S. W, from\\nPortland. Incorporated, 1653.\\nPopulation, 1837, 2,322.\\nI^nox, Me.\\nWaldo CO. A beautiful farming\\ntown, named in honor of Gen. Hen-\\nry Knox, a patriot of the revolu-\\ntion, who died at Thomaston, 1806,\\naged 53. This is one of the many\\ntowns in Maine fast rising in wealth\\nand respectability, by the fertility of\\nthe soil and industry of the people.\\nIt lies 32 miles N. E. by E. from\\nAugusta, and 14 S. W. from Bel-\\nfast. Incorporated, 1819. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 815. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 4,037 bushels.\\nliagraiige, Me.\\nPopulation, 1837, 287. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 1,749 bushels.\\nSee Down East.\\nliamoille Cowiity, Vt.\\nHyde Park is the shire town.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis county was established in 1836.\\nIt is bounded N. by Franklin and\\nOrleans counties, E. by Orleans and\\nCaledonia counties, S. by Washing-\\nton county, and W. by Chittenden\\nand a part of Franklin counties.\\nThis county lies on the Green moun-\\ntain range, and is the source of ma-\\nny streams. The river Lamoille\\npasses nearly through its centre,\\nand, with its tributaries, give the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZKTTKER.\\ncounty a 2;reat hydraulic power.\\nThe elevation of the county ren-\\nders the soil more adapted for graz-\\ning than for tillage, yet there are\\nlar re tracts of excellent meadow\\nboi^dering its streams. Manufac-\\ntures flourish, and the exports ol\\nbeef cattle and the products of the\\ndairy are valuable, and annually\\nincreasing. In 1837, there were\\n28,677 sheep. Population, 1830,\\n8,930.\\nliainoille River, Vt.\\nThis river is formed in Greens-\\nborough. Its general course is N.\\nW. It passes through Hardwick,\\nWolcott, Morriston, Johnston, Cam-\\nbridge, Fairfax and Georgia, and\\nfalls into Lake Champlain at Mil-\\nton, 12 miles N. from Burlington.\\nThis river hai numerous tributaries:\\nit has several falls, which produce\\na valuable water power. Its banks\\nin many parts are very fertile. It\\nwas discovered by Champlain in\\n1609.\\nLancaster, K. H.\\nCoos CO. Shire town of the coun-\\nty, and situated on the southeastern\\nbank of Connecticut river, which\\nforms and washes its N. W. bound-\\nary, a distance of 10 miles. It hes\\ndistant 110 miles W. from Portland,\\n130 N. from Portsmouth, 95 N.\\nfrom Concord, and 75 above Dart-\\nmouth College. Besides the Con-\\nnecticut, which is deep and about\\n22 rods in width while it passes\\nthrough Lancaster, the town is wa-\\ntered by Israel s river, and several\\nconsiderable brooks. Across this\\nriver a bridge and several dams are\\nthrown, forming a valuable water\\npower. There are several ponds\\nin Lancaster, the largest of which\\nis called Martin-meadow pond, from\\nMartin, a hunter. This communi-\\ncates with Little pond.\\nLancaster is situated near lofty\\nmountains, but is not itself moun-\\ntainous. There are three hills in\\n^e S. part of the town, called Mar-\\ntin meadow hills; and the land in\\nthe S. E. part lies too high up the\\nmountains for cultivation. The soil\\nalong the Connecticut is alluvial,\\nthe meadows extending back near-\\nly three-fourths of a mile and at\\nthe mouth of Israel s river much\\nfarther.\\nThe village, or most compact part\\nof the town, lies on a street extend-\\nu)g from the bridge across Israel s\\nriver northwardly it is pleasant,\\nand is the site of some manufactur-\\ning estabhshments. Lancaster was\\ngranted and settled in 1763. The\\nwar of the revolution tended to re-\\ntard the settlement of the town.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAfter the war closed, the town set-\\ntled with considerable rapidity, and\\nhas since aradually increased in\\nwealth and business. Population,\\n1830, 1,187.\\nIjaacaster, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town, the\\nJ\\\\ asav;ogg of the Indians, is the\\noldest town in the county it was\\nfor m.any years a frontier settlement,\\nand greatly harrassed by the na-\\ntives. In 1676. the town was at-\\ntacked by 1,500 Indians; many\\nwere killed on both sides the town\\nwas destroyed, and a number car-\\nried into captivity, among whom\\nv.-a5 the celebrated Mrs. Mary\\nRoivlandson. Lancaster lies on\\nboth sides of Nashua river, and has\\na remarkably fine, alluvial soil, in\\na high state of cultivation. Per-\\nhapAhere is no inland town in New\\nEngland that possesses more natu-\\nral beauties, or that strikes the eye\\nof the traveller more agreeably.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe village is very beautiful it is\\nneatly built on an alluvial plain,\\nsurrounded by hills, and watered by\\na large and placid stream. There\\nare 3 cotton and 1 woolen mills in\\nthe town, and manufactures of\\nleather, boots, shoes, hats, forks,\\ncombs, palm-leaf hats, tenon ma-\\nchines, copper pumps, piano-fortes,\\nchairs, and cabinet ware -annual\\nvalue about $100,000. Some min-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\neral substances are found here.\\nLancaster was first settled, 1643.\\nIncorporated, 1653. Population^\\n1837,1,903. It lies 35 miles W.\\nN. W. from Boston, and 15 N. N.\\nE. from Worcester.\\nliandaflf, H6. H.\\nGrafton co. Its distance from\\nHaverhill is about 12 miles N. E.,\\nand from Concord 90 N. by V/,\\nWild Amonoosuck river runs from\\nS. E. to N. W. through the S. part\\nof the town. Through the north-\\nwesterly extremity passes the Great\\nAmonoosuck rjver, Landaif moun-\\ntain in the E. part. Cobble hill in\\nthe centre, and Bald hill in the W.,\\nare the principal elevations. The\\nsoil is fertile. LandaiT was granted\\nin 1764, to James Averv and^others.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 95l.\\nliautlgrove, Vt.\\nBennington co. This town is on\\nelevated land at the N. E. corner j\\nof the county, 33 miles N. E. from\\nBennington, and about 30 S. W.\\nfrom Windsor. Some of the head\\nbranches of West river have their\\nsources here. The lands are too\\nrough and high for much improve-\\nment. First settled, 1769. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 385.\\nI/auesljoroMgli, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This township lies\\non elevated ground, the sources of\\nsome of the head branches of Hous-\\natonick and Hoosack rivers. It is\\nsituated on two hills, with an inter-\\nvening valley. The lands in the\\nvalley are very luxuriant, and the\\nhilly parts are admirably adapted\\nfor grazing. Lanesborough is a\\nbeautiful town, under good cultiva-\\ntion, and very productive. The in-\\nhabitants are principally firmers,\\nwho make agriculture a business,\\nand reap its rewards. In 1837 there\\nble, and graphic slate. There is a\\ndelightful pond parti v in this town\\nand partly in Pittsfield it con-\\ntains trout and other fine fish.\\nLanesborough was incorporated,\\n1765. Population, 1837, 1,090. It\\nI lies 125 miles Vv by N. from Bos-\\nton, and 11 N. from Lenox.\\nliaiigdom, ]V. H.\\nSullivan CO. Langdon is 18 miles\\nS. S. W. from Newport, and 50 W.\\nby S. from Concord. The princi-\\npal village it 3 miles E. from Con-\\nnecticut river, and 6 from Bellows\\nFalls. A considerable branch of\\nCold river passes S. W. through the\\nwhole extentof this town, and unites\\nvyith the main branch near the S.\\nline. Langdon, named in honor\\nof^ Gov. Langdon, was incorporated\\n1787. Its settlement commenced in\\n1773. Population, 1830, 667.\\nliebanon, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is bounded\\nW. by Salmon Fall river, on the\\nline of New Hampshire. It is a\\nlarge agricultural township, with\\nsome trade and manufactures. It\\nlies 99 miles S. W. from Augusta,\\n50 S. W. by W. from Portland, and\\nlis. W. from Alfred. Incorpora-\\nted, 1767. Population, in 1837,\\nwere in this town 12,333 sheep,\\nwhose fleeces weighed 42,489 lbs.\\nestimated at ^26,100. Limestone\\nabounds here also beautiful mar-\\nI^elianoii, N. H.\\nGrafton co. This pleasant town\\non Connecticut river, is 4 miles S.\\nfrom Dartmouth College, 49 N. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 90 N. W. fioni\\nPortsmouth. Besides the Connec-\\nticut on its W. border, this town is\\nwatered by Mascomy river, runnino-\\nfrom E. to W. through its centre^\\nand atibrding many valuable mill\\nseats and a constant supply of v/a-\\nter. The soil here is alluvial, the\\nintervales on the Connecticut ex-\\ntending back from the river about\\nhalfamile. There are meadows or\\nintervales on Mascomy river. The\\nprincipal village is situated on a\\nplain near the central part, at the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhead of the falls of Mascomy riv-\\ner. There are falls in the Connect-\\nicut in this town, which have been\\njlocked and canalled by a company,\\ncalled the White River Company.\\nLyman s bridge connects this town\\nwith Hartford, Vt. A medicinal\\nspring has been discovered. A\\nlead mine has been opened, and\\nthere has been found on Entield line,\\nnear the outlet of the Great pond,\\na vein of iron ore.\\nThis is a place of considerable\\nmanufactures, and of extensive\\ntrade. Lebanon was granted 1761.\\nIt was the first town settled on Con-\\nnecticut river to the N. of Charles-\\ntown. The first settlers were a\\nhardy, brave people, tenacious of\\ntheir principles most of them were\\nmen of strong minds, good habits,\\ncorrect principles, and good com-\\nmon education. Population, 1830,\\n1,868.\\nliebanon, Ct.\\nNew London co. Lebanon lies\\n30 miles S. E. from Hartford, and\\n10 N. W. from Norwich. First\\nsettled about 1700. Population, in\\n1830, 2,554. The surface of the\\ntown is uneven moderately hilly.\\nThe soil is of a chocolate color;\\na rich deep mould, very fertile, and\\nwell adapted for grass. Husbandry\\nis the principal business of the in-\\nhabitants. The village is on a street\\nmore than a mile in length, wide,\\npleasant and interesting it was the\\nresidence of the Trumbull fami-\\nly, celebrated for their genius and\\npatriotism. On the family tomb, in\\nthe village, is the following inscrip-\\ntion to the memory of the first gov-\\nernor Trumbull.\\nSacred to the memory of Jonathan\\nTrumbull, Esq. vvho, unaided by birth\\nor powerful connexions, but blessed\\nwith a noble and virtuous mmd. arrived\\nto the highest station in government.\\nHis patriotism and firmness during 50\\nyears employment in public life, and\\nparticularly in the very important part\\nhe acted in the American Revolution,\\n18\\nas Governor of Connecticut the\\nfaithful page of History will record.\\nFull of years and honors, rich in be-\\nnevolence, and firm in the faith and\\nhopes of Christianity, he died August\\n9th, 1785, iEtatis 75.\\nThis tomb contains the ashes of two\\ngovernors, one commissary general,\\nand a signer of the Declaration of\\nIndependence.\\nlicdyard, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town was\\ntaken from Groton in 1836. It was\\nformerly called North Groton. It\\nis 7 miles N. by E. from New Lon-\\ndon, and 8 S. from Norwich. There\\nis a pretty village, of some thirty\\nhouses, at Gale s ferry, on the\\nThames. The population of the\\ntown, in 1836, was about 2,000.\\nAbout twenty of the Pequot tribe\\nof Indians reside here a miserable\\nremnant of a great and powerful\\nnation.\\nThis town was named in honor\\nof two brothers, natives of Groton\\nCol. Led vARD, the brave defend-\\ner of Groton Heights, in 1781\\nand John Ledyard, the celebra-\\nted traveler, who died at Cairo, in\\nEgypt, in 1789, aged 38. John Led-\\nyard was probably as distinguished\\na traveler as can be found on re-\\ncord. Endowed with an original\\nand comprehensive genius, he be-\\nheld with interest, and described\\nwith energ3 the scenes and objects\\naround him; and by comparing them\\nwith what he had seen in other re-\\ngions of the globe, he was enabled to\\ngive his narrative all the varied ef-\\nfect of contrast and resemblance.\\nThis accurate observer of man-\\nkind pays the following tribute to\\nfemale character.\\nI have always remarked, says\\nhe, that women in all countries\\nare civil and obliging, tender and\\nhumane that they are ever inclin-\\ned to be gay and cheerful, timo-\\nrous and modest and that they do\\nnot hesitate, like men, to perform", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\na generous action. Not hauglity,\\nnor arrogant, nor supercilious, tliey\\nare full of courtesy, and fond of\\nsociety more liable in general to\\nerr than man, but in general also\\nmore virtuous, and performing more\\ngood actions, than he. To a wo-\\nman, whether civilized or savage, I\\nnever addressed myself, in the lan-\\nguage of decency and friendship,\\nwithout receiving a decent and\\nfriendly answer. With man it has\\noften been otherwise. In wander-\\ning over the barren plains of in-\\nhospitable Denmark, through hon-\\nest Sweden and frozen Lapland,\\nrude and churlish Finland, unprin-\\ncipled Russia, and the wide spread\\nregions of the wandering Tartar;\\nif hungry, dry, cold, wet, or sick,\\nthe women have ever been friend-\\nly to me, and uniformly so. And\\nadd to this virtue, so worthy the\\nappellation of benevolence, their\\nactions have been performed in so\\nfree and kind a manner, that if I\\nwas dry, I drank the sweetest\\ndraught, and if nungry, I ate the\\ncoarsest morsel, with a double rel-\\nish.\\nLiee, Me.\\nWheat crop, 1837, 8,450 bushels\\npopulation, the same year, 5oG. It\\nlies 125 miles from Augusta.\\nDown East.\\nSee\\nLiee, KT. H.\\nStrafTord co. In the N. part of\\nthe town lies V/heelwright s pond,\\ncontaining about 165 acres, and\\nforming the principal source of Oys-\\nter river.\\nThis pond is memorable for the\\nbattle which was fought near it in\\n1690, between a scouting party of\\nIndians, and two companies of ran-\\ngers, under Capts. Floyd and Wis-\\nwall. The engagement lasted two\\nhours. Wiswall, his lieutenant,\\nsergeant, and 12 men were killed\\nand several wounded. Floyd con-\\ntinued to fight til! his men, v/earied\\nand wounded, drew off and obliged\\nhim to follow. The enemy also to-\\ntreated.\\nLee is 28 miles E. S. E. from\\nConcord, and 12 S. W. from Dover.\\nFrom the N. E. extremity of Ep-\\nping. Lamprey river enters Lee,\\nand after a serpentine course of\\nabout 7 miles, it passes into Dur-\\nham. Other parts of the town are\\nwatered by Little, North, and Oys-\\nter rivers. Lee was originally a\\npart of Durham, and was incorpo-\\nrated, 1766. Population, in 1830,\\n1,009.\\nliCe, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a pleasant\\ntown on the Housatonick river, ad-\\nmirably located for manufacturirig\\npurposes. It contains a cotton and a\\nwoolen mill, 12 paper mills, and va-\\nrious other manufactui-es by wa-\\nter power. The amount of manu-\\nfactured goods ibi- the year ending\\nApril 1, iS37, was $405,000. The\\npaper manufactured, amounted to\\n,$274,500. The articles manufac-\\ntured, besides paper, cotton and\\nwoolen goods, were leather, hats,\\nboots, shoes, bar iron, iron castings,\\naxes, shovels, spades, hoes, forks,\\nploughs, chairs, tin, cabinet and\\nwooden ware, carriages, chair stuff,\\nc. The soil of the town is good,\\nparticularly for grazing. The wool\\nof 2,000 sheep, in 1837, was val-\\nued at ,^4,500. There is an abund-\\nant supply of iron ore and marble\\nof excellent qualities. Lee was\\nincorporated in 1777. It lies 130\\nmiles \\\\V from Boston, and 5 S, E.\\nfiom Lenox. Population, in 1830,\\n1,825; 1837, 2,095.\\nJLicet is, Me.\\nKennebec co. This is a large\\nand flourishing agricultural town,\\nfinely watered by a large and beau-\\ntiful pond. Tiie outlet of this pond\\ninto the Androscoggin, gives the\\ntown a good water power, for saw\\nmills and other manufactories.\\nThe villages in Leeds are very\\nneat and pleasant. The soil is far-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntile and productive. Wheat crop,\\n1837, 5,421 bushels. Leeds was\\nincorporated in 1802. It lies 30\\nmiles W. S. W. from Augusta.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,743.\\nliCicester, Vt.\\nAddison co. Leicester is water-\\ned by a river of its own name, by\\nOtter creek, and by a part of lake\\nDunmorc. These waters are too\\nsluggish to afford the town much\\nwater power. The soil is a sandy\\nloam, interspersed with some flats\\nof clay. Along the rivers the soil\\nis rich and productive. The high\\nlands are hard and fit for grazing.\\nAbout 4,000 sheep are kept here.\\nLeicester lies 36 miles S. W. from\\nINIontpelier, and 10 S. by E. from\\nMiddlebury. First settled, 1773.\\nPopulation, 1830, 638.\\nliCicester, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town is on\\nthe height of ground between Bos-\\nton harbor and Connecticut river.\\nIt lies 46 miles W. from Boston, 6\\nW. S. W. from Worcester, 42 E. S.\\nE. from Northampton, and 44 N. W.\\nfrom Providence. It was first set-\\ntled in 1713, and incorporated about\\nthe year 1721. Its Indian name\\nwas Towtaid. Population, 1837,\\n2,122. This town is well watered\\nby French river, and branches of\\nthe Connecticut and Blackstone,\\nwhich rise here, and afford mill sites\\nfor numerous manufactories.\\nLeicester Academy was founded\\nin 1784. It has considerable funds,\\ncommodious buildings, and is highly\\nrespectable. It accommodates 100\\npupils throughout the year.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven\\nwith a strong, deep soil. There\\nare 5 woolen mills in the town, and\\nmanufactures of machines, hand\\ncards, machine cards, chairs, cabi-\\nnet ware, scythes, leather, boots and\\nshoes: total value the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, $531,939.\\nA society of Jews built a syna-\\ngogue, and resided here from 1777 to\\n1783. They were much esteemed.\\nThe families of Denny, Earle anl\\nHenshaw, have been numerous in\\nLeicester, and highly respectable.\\nlienuiiiugtou, Vt.\\nEssex CO. A mountainous town-\\nship, on the W. side of Connecticut\\nriver, with a small portion of inter-\\nvale. There are several brooks in\\nthe town, and a beautiful cascade\\nof 50 feet. There is a mountain in\\nthe town called the Monadnock\\nof Vermont, from which may be\\ndiscovered that this town, general-\\nly, is not fit for cultivation. It lies\\n64 miles N. E. from Montpelier,\\nand 24 N. from Guildhall. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 183.\\nliempstei N. II.\\nSullivan co. It is 40 miles W.\\nfrom Concord. The surface is, in\\ngeneral, uneven, and the eastern\\npart is mountainous. The soil is\\nmoist, and better suited for grass\\nthan grain. The town is well\\nwatered, although its streams are\\nsmall. One branch of Sugar river,\\nand the S. and W. branches of Cold\\nriver afford conveniences for water\\nmachinerj Near the W. bound-\\nary line is a pond 320 rods long\\nand 80 wide. Sand pond lies in\\nthis town and Marlow. Lempster\\nwas granted 1761. It was settled\\nabout 1770, by emigrants from Con-\\nnecticut. Population, in 1830, ddd.\\nlienox, Me.\\nSee Dow^n East.\\nLieuox, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. Shire town. This\\nis an excellent township of land,\\nwatered hy Housatonick river, and\\nsurrounded by beautiful mountain\\nscenery. It lies 130 miles W. from\\nBoston, 25 N. E. from Hudson, N.\\nY., and 55 N. W. from Hartfbrd,\\nCt. Lenox is accommodated with\\na water power, and contains mines\\nof rich iron ore, and quarries of\\nbeautiful marble. There are some", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nmanufactures of iron, leather, mar-\\nble, ,c., in the town, but agricul-\\nture is the chief pursuit of the in-\\nhabitants. Incorporated, 1767. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,277.\\nLieomiiister, Mass.\\nWorcester co. A beautiful town,\\nof an excellent soil, and great wa-\\nter power, on both sides of a prin-\\ncipal branch of Nashua river, 42\\nmiles N. \\\\V. from Boston, and 20\\nN. from Worcester. This town was\\ntaken from Lancaster in 1740, and\\nshared with that town in the suffer-\\nings occasioned by Indian hostilit}^\\nThe manufactures of Leominster,\\nfor the year ending April 1, 1837,\\nexclusive of the product of 5 paper\\nmills, was $111,505. The articles\\nmanufactured were leather, boots,\\nshoes, hats, axes, chairs, cabinet\\nware, combs, tin ware, straw bon-\\nnets, palm-leaf hats, chaises, car-\\nriages, and harnesses. Population,,\\n1037, 1,914.\\nA rich alum rock has been found\\nin this town which is said to be a\\ndecomposed mica slate. It con-\\ntains an abundance of beautiful\\nplumose, or feather form alum, like\\nthat of Milo, one of the Grecian\\nisles, mixed with the green crys-\\ntals of copperas, or sulphate of iron.\\nIjevant, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town lies\\nprincipally on the S. W. side of\\nKenduskeag stream, by which and\\nits tributaries it is well watered.\\nThe soil is good and productive.\\nThe wheat crop of 1837 was 3,432\\nbushels. Levant lies 78 miles N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, and 10 N. W. from\\nBangor. Incorporated, 1813. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 747 1837,1,081.\\nliieverett, Ma^ss.\\nFranklin co. A good grazing\\ntown, on high ground, 85 miles W.\\nN. W. from Boston, and 10 S. E.\\nfrom Greenfield. The town is wa-\\ntered by Roaring brook, a rapid\\nstream, on which is a cascade, and\\nsome wild scenery, worthy of the\\ntraveler s notice. Incorporated,\\n1774. Population, 1837, 902.\\nlie-wiston, Me.\\nLincoln co. Lewiston lies on the\\nE. side of Androscoggin river, at\\nthe falls. The waters of that river\\ndescend 47 feet in the distance of\\n12 to 15 rods, and pi-oduce a valu-\\nable hydraulic power. The town\\nextends on the river about 13 miles,\\nand is connected with Minot by a\\nbridge, at the foot of the falls, of\\n1,000 feet in length. Thisisatown-\\nship of good land, with some manu-\\nfactures of woolen and cotton goods,\\nand a number of saw mills. Wheat\\ncrop, 1837, 1,920 bushels. Incor-\\nporated, 1795. Population, 1830,\\n1,549; 1837, 1,737. Lewiston is\\n28 miles S. W. from Augusta, 34\\nN. by E. from Portland, and 25 N.\\nW. from Bath.\\nliexmgtMi, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town lies 57\\nmiles from Augusta. Population,\\n1837, 457. Wheat crop, same year,\\n2,346 bushels. See Down East.\\nlicxiugton, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This pleasant town\\nlies 10 miles N. W. from Boston,\\nand 7 E. from Concord. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1712. Population, 1837,\\n1,622. There are some excellent\\nfarms in this town, large tracts of\\nmeadow on some of the branches\\nof the Shawsheen, which rise here,\\nand some valuable woodland. The\\nmanufactures consist of boots, shoes,\\ncaps, clocks, cabinet ware, and cal-\\nico printing annual value, about\\n$100,000.\\nLexington will ever be an inter-\\nesting place, as here the first blood\\nwas shed in the cause of American\\nIndependence. A detachment of\\nBritish soldiers were sent at day-\\nlisfht on the mornina; of the 19th of\\nApril, 1775, to take or destroy a\\nquantity of military stores collected\\nat Concord. They were under the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncommand of Col. Smith and Maj.\\nPitcairn. On reaching this place,\\na militia company were exercis-\\ning on the common. A British olli-\\nceT- rode up and ordered them to\\ndisperse, but not being instantly\\nobeyed, he discharged his pistol\\nand ordered his men to fire, which\\nthey did, and eight of the Ameri-\\ncans fell dead on the spot! The\\nmilitia retreated, and the British\\nproceeded to Concord, and in part\\nsucceeded in destroying the stores,\\nbut were so harassed on their re-\\nturn, that they would inevitably\\nhave been cut off, had they not\\nbeen met at this place by a strong\\ndetachment of artillery under Lord\\nPercy. The party suffered ex-\\ntremely by the tire of the Ameri-\\ncans, aimed with deadly effect from\\nthe buildings, trees, and fences;\\nand left 65 killed, and had 180\\nwounded. The Americans had 50\\nkilled and 34 wounded. There is\\na monument on the spot where the\\nfirst victims fell, to perpetuate the\\nmemory of the slain, and of this\\nevent.\\nrated, 1827. Population, 1837, 804.\\nA short time since a pine tree\\nwas cut in Liberty, which measur-\\ned 7 feet in diameter, at the stump.\\nIt had three branches. The tree\\nwas sound, and 10,610 feet of square\\nedged boards were made from it.\\nIjiiuericlc, Me.\\nYork CO. Little Ossipee river\\nwaters this tov/n. It lies 28 miles\\nW. from Portland, 85 S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 15 N. by W. from\\nAlfred. This is a good farming\\ntown, with a pleasant village, and\\nan academy, incorporated in 1812.\\nThe town was incorporated in 1737\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,484.\\nliiininston, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is bounded\\non the S. by Limerick, and is wa-\\ntered by Saco river on the S. and\\nW. The town has a good soil, very\\nproductive of hay, wheat and other\\ngrain. It lies 89 miles S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 28 W. S. W. from\\nI Portland. Incorporated, 1762.\\nPopulation, 1837, 2,223.\\nlicydeu, Mass.\\nFranklin co. Leyden is watered\\nby Green river and several small\\nstreams. It is 100 miles N. W. from\\nBoston, and 7 N. by W. from Green-\\nfield. It is a mountainous town-\\nship, more fit for grazing than till-\\nage. The number of sheep in the\\ntown, in 1837, was 3,142; their\\nfleeces weighed 9,326 pounds; val-\\nue of the wool, $5,129. The town\\nwas incorporated in 1809. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 658.\\nThere i-^ a romantic spot in Ley-\\nden, called the Glen, a curious\\nplace, worth looking at.\\nLiberty, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town is 29 miles\\nE. from Augusta, and 18 ^Y. S. W.\\nfrom Belfast. It is watered by\\nlarge ponds and small streams. The\\nsoil is good and produced, in 1837,\\n2,022 bushels of wheat. Incorpo-\\n18*\\nliiucolu County, Me.\\nWiscasset, Topsham and War-\\nren are the county towns. Lincoln\\ncounty is bounded N. by the coun-\\nties of Kennebec and Waldo, E.\\nby Waldo county and Penobscot\\nbay, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and\\nVv by Cumberland county and Cas-\\nco bay. Area about 950 square\\nmiles. This county is bounded on\\nthe ocean nearly fifty miles, and\\nlike the county of Hancock in this\\nstate, comprises an almost innumer-\\nable number of bays, coves, inlets,\\ncommodious harbors and fertile isl-\\nands. The waters of the Muscon-\\ngus, Damariscotta and Shecpscot\\npierce its centre, and the noble\\nKennebec finds all its Atlantic har-\\nbors in the county of Lincoln.\\nConsiderable attention is paid to\\nagriculture, for the soil j\u00c2\u00b0 generally\\nfertile and well adapted to the pur-\\nsuit but this county is essentially a", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmaritime section of New England,\\npossessing every requisition for for-\\neign commerce, the coasting trade\\nand fisheries. The tonnage of the\\nthree districts, Bath, Wiscasset and\\nWaldohorough, in 1837, was 93,347\\ntons. This county contained, in\\n1837, 84,000 sheep, and raised 37,-\\n963 bushels of wheat. Population,\\n1820, 53,189 1830, 57,181 1837,\\n60,226 63 inhabitants to a square\\nmile.\\nItiucoln, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a very\\nlarge town, more than double the\\ncommon size. It lies on the E. side\\nof the Penobscot, at the mouth of\\nMatanaucook river, where is a\\npleasant and flourishing village, 45\\nmiles N. by E. from Bangor, and\\n114 N. E. from Augusta. Lincoln\\nhas recently been incorporated, and\\npossesses a soil of remarkable fertil-\\nity. Population, 1830,414; 1837,\\n1,045. Wheat crop, 1837, 4,263\\nbushels.\\nI iucolii, N. H.,\\nGrafton co., a mountainous town-\\nship 70 miles N. from Concord.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe middle branch of the Pemige-\\nwasset passes through nearly the\\ncentre of the town. It has its\\nsource in Ferrin s pond, in the S.\\npart of Franconia. There are sev-\\neral ponds, viz Bog, Fish and Loon\\nponds. There are many elevations,\\nof which Kinsman s mountain is\\nthe most considerable. In the N.\\npart of the town are two large gulfs,\\nmade by an extraordinary discharge\\nof water from the clouds in 1774.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6The numerous slips, as they are\\ncalled, from the mountain are wor-\\nthy of notice. They commence\\nnear the summit of the mountain,\\nand proceed to its base, forcing a\\npassage through all obstructions.\\nThe soil here is poor. Wild ani-\\nmals, such as bears, raccoons, foxes,\\nsables, otters, deer, c., are very\\nnumerous. Lincoln was granted in\\n1764, to James Avery and others.\\nPopulation, 1830, 50.\\nUncoln, Tt.\\nAddison co. Lincoln was first\\nsettled by a number of Friends,\\nin 1790. The town is on high\\nground with an uneven surface. It\\nlies 21 miles S. W. from Montpe-\\nlier, and 15 N. E. from Middlebury.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 639.\\nliincolu, Mass.\\nMiddlesex CO. Lincoln is bound-\\ned W. by Sudbury river. It lies\\n16 miles N, W. by W. from Boston,\\nand 3 S. from Concord. Incorpora-\\nted, 1754. Population, 1837, 694.\\nIt has some good farms and a large\\nlish pond. The manufactures of\\nthe town consist of clothing, leath-\\ner, straw bonnets, boots and shoes.\\nlaiicolnville, Me.\\nWaldo CO. On the W. side of\\nPenobscot bay, 10 miles S. from\\nBelfast, 7 N. from Camden, and 51\\nE. from Augusta. Incorporated,\\n1802. Population, 1837, 1,999.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis township has a good soil for\\ngrass, grain and potatoes. Wheat\\ncrop of 1837, 4,212 bushels. The\\ntown is well located for any branch\\nof navigation. Duck Trap is an ex-\\ncellent harbor, and a busy place in\\nthe coasting trade.\\nliinneus, Me.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nthe source of a branch of the Mat-\\ntawamkeag and of a branch of the\\nMeduxnekeag, flowing into the St.\\nJohn s. It lies 8 miles S. W. from\\nHoulton. Population, 1837, 208.\\nWheat crop same year, 2,514 bush-\\nels. Incorporated, 1836.\\nliisboii, Me.\\nLincoln CO. Lisbon lies on the\\nE. side of Androscoggin river, and 6\\nmiles below Lewiston Falls. There\\nare falls in the river at this place,\\ncalled the Ten mile falls. Lis-\\nbon has some manufactures of cot-\\nton and wool, a number of saw mills,\\nand is united with Durham by a", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbridge. Wheat crop 1837, 3,781\\nbushels. Population, same year,\\n2,660. It lies 30 miles S. S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 22 W. by N.\\nfrom Wiscasset.\\nliislbou, N. H.\\nGrafton co. It is 20 miles N. E.\\nfrom Haverhill, and 90 from Con-\\ncord, It is watered by Amonoo-\\nsuck river, running through the\\nAvhole extent of the town, and by\\nseveral smaller streams. There\\nare several ponds, the most noted\\nof which is called Mink pond, ly-\\ning in the S. part of the town, af-\\nfording mill seats at its outlet. The\\nsoil admits of three divisions; the\\nmeadows or intervales on Amonoo-\\nsuck river, which are generally\\nvery productive; the plain land, of\\na light, thin soil, requiring consid-\\nerable manure to make it produc-\\ntive and the uplands, of a strong\\ndeep soil, which afford many good\\nfarms. Blueberry mountain is the\\nprincipal elevation. Large quan-\\ntities of iron ore and limestone are\\nfound here. Maple sugar is man-\\nufactured and clover seed is raised\\nin considerable quantities. This\\ntown was called Concord until 1824.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,485.\\nLtisbon, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town is 7\\nmiles N. from Norwich, from which\\nit was taken in 1786. It is water-\\ned by Quinnebaug and Shetucket\\nrivers, which unite in the S. part\\nof the town. The soil is a gravel-\\nly and sandy loam, with some allu-\\nvial meadow. This is an excellent\\nfarming town the inhabitants are\\ngenerally industrious and independ-\\nent. In that part of the town call-\\ned Hanover, is a woolen and silk\\nfactory. Lisbon is 45 miles S. E.\\nfrom Hartford. Population, 1830,\\n1,161.\\nliitclifield, Me.\\nKennebec co. An excellent\\ntownship of land, pleasantly situa-\\nted 10 miles S. W. from Gardiner,\\nand the source of some of the Cob-\\nbesseecontee waters. Litchfield lies\\n16 miles S. S. W. from Augusta, and\\nwas formerly a part of Lincoln\\ncounty. Incorporated, 1795. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,341. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 5,123 bushels.\\nliitclxfield, N. H.,\\nHillsborough co., is a small fer-\\ntile township on the E. bank of\\nMerrimack river. It is 8 miles E.\\nfrom Amherst, and 30 S. by E. from\\nConcord. This town has an excel:-\\nlent soil. There are two ferries,\\nThornton s, near the meeting house,\\non the post road from Amherst to\\nPortsmouth; and Read s, 3 miles\\nabove.\\nLitchfield was taken from Dun-\\nstable in 1734. It was originally\\nknown by the Indian name of JVat-\\nticott, and by the English one of\\nBrentoii s Farm. The settlement\\ncommenced about 1720.\\nThe Hon. Wysemaint Clagett\\nclosed his life in this town. He\\nwas a native of England, came to\\nthis country before the revolution\\ncommenced, and sustained several\\nimportant offices. He was attorney-\\ngeneral under the provincial and\\nstate governments, and filled the\\noffice with dignity and honor. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 505.\\nliitcliSeld County, Ct.\\nLitchfield, county town. This\\nis the largest and most elevated\\ncounty in the state. The surface\\nis hillV and in some parts mountain-^\\nous. The soil is chiefly a gravelly\\nloam, under good cultivation, and\\nvery productive of butter, cheese,\\nbeef and pork. It abounds in iron\\nore, which is extensively manufac-\\ntured. This county contains an area\\nof 885 square miles. Population,\\n1820, 41,267; 1830, 42,855; con-\\ntaining 48 inhabitants to a square\\nmile. This county is watered by\\nnumerous ponds; by the beautiful\\nHo usatonick, and by many rivers", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrising in the high grounds. The\\nstreams give a valuable v/ater pow-\\ner, and nourishing manufacturing\\nestablishments are found in almost\\nevery town. The number of sheep\\nin this county, in 1S37, was 72,832.\\nLitchfield county was incorpoi-ated\\nin 1751. It is bounded N.by Berk-\\nshire county, Mass., E. by Hart-\\nford and New Haven counties, S.\\nby the counties of New Haven and\\nFairtield, and W. by the state of\\nNew York.\\nliitcliileld, Ct.\\nLitchfield co., chief town. This\\ntown, the Indian Bantam, com-\\nprising, as it was supposed, ten miles\\nsquare, was valued at \u00c2\u00a3300 in the\\nyear 1718. Bantam was first set-\\ntled in 1720, and incorporated by\\nits present name in 1724. It was\\na frontier town for many years, and\\nduring the wars between England\\nand France was much harassed by\\nthe Canadians and Indians. Litch-\\nfield is an elevated township, and\\nits surface presents a diversity of\\nhills and valleys. The soil is a gra-\\nvelly loam, deep, strong, and admi-\\nrably adapted for grazing. Great\\npond is a beautiful sheet of water\\nit comprises an area of 900 acres,\\nand is the lai-gest pond in the state.\\nThe v/aters of the Naugatuck,\\nShepung and Bantam give the town\\na good water power, and manufac-\\ntuj-es of cotton, wool, ii on, and oth-\\ner articles are in successful opera-\\ntion on their banks.\\nLi icii field village, on Litchfield\\nHiii, was incorporated in 1818. It\\nis a delightful place. It is situated\\non an elevated plain, surrounded by\\niu cj-esling scenery, and affords ex-\\nteu ive prospects. The two prin-\\ncipal streets cross each other nearly\\nat ria;ht angles they are wide, well\\nshaded, and built upon with great\\ntaste and elegance. It lies 30 miles\\nW. from Hartford, and 35 N. W.\\nfrom New Haven. Population of\\nthe town, 1830, 4,458.\\nIn the W. part of the town Mount\\nTom rears a front of 700 feet ahovo\\nthe Naugatuck, presenting a pano-\\nramic landscape of great beauty and\\nvast extent. Near this mountain\\nis a mineral spring which is satu-\\nrated with iron and sulphur. The\\nwater issues from the E. side of the\\nmountain inconsiderable quantities.\\nThe mud fi-om the bottom of the\\nspring burns with a blue flame, and\\nthe principal part of it consumes.\\nA law school of great respecta-\\nbility was established in this town,\\nby the Hon. Tapping Reeve, in\\n1784. The Hon. James Gould\\nwas associated with Judge Reeve,\\nas inst)-uctor, for some years. This\\ninstitution continued nearly thirty\\nyears, and furnished instruction to\\nmany of our most eminent jurists.\\nOliver Wolcott, one of the\\nsigners of the Declaration of Inde-\\npendence, resided here. He was\\nthe son of the Hon. Roger Wolcott.\\nHe died December 1, 1797, aged\\n72. He was distinguished for in-\\ntegrity, decision of character, and\\nfor his love of order and religion.\\nOliver Wolcott, son of tlie\\npreceding, was born in 1760.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWhen a lad of 17, he lent his aid to\\nthe cause of his country he was\\npresent in the engagement with the\\nBritish at the time of their invasion\\nof Danhury. On the formation of\\nthe U. S. Government, in 17S9, he\\nwas appointed first auditor of the\\ntreasury arud in 1794 he succeeded\\nGen. Hamilton as secretary of the\\ntreasury. In 1317 he was elected\\ngovernor of Connecticut, which of-\\nfice he held till 1827. He was the\\nlast survivor of the administration\\nof Washington. He died in New\\nYork, June 2d, 1833, aged 74.\\nBenjamin Tallmage, a colo-\\nnel in the revolutionary army, was a\\nresident of this town. He was an\\nardent patriot and sincere christian.\\nHe was honored with the confidence\\nof Washington in several hazird-\\nous and important trusts. Ho died\\nat Litchfield, March 7, 1835, aged\\n81.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nEthan Allen, a brigadier-gen-\\neral in the American service, dis-\\ntinguished for his daring and intre-\\npid spirit, was a native of this town.\\nWhile he was young, his pa-\\nrents emigrated to Vermont. At\\nthe commencement of the disturb-\\nances in this territory, about the\\nyear 1770, he took a most active\\npart in favor of the Gi-een Moun-\\ntain boys, as the settlers were then\\ncalled, in opposition to the govern-\\nment of New York. An act of\\noutlawry against him was passed by\\nthat state, and 500 guineas were of-\\nfered for his apprehension but his\\nparty was too numerous and faith-\\nful to permit hira to be disturbed by\\nany apprehensions for his safety.\\nIn all the struggles of the day he\\nwas successful and he not only\\nproved a valuable friend to those\\nwhose cause he had espoused, but\\nhe was humane and generous to-\\nwards those with whom he had to\\ncontend. When called to take the\\nfield, he showed himself an able\\nleader and an intrepid soldier.\\nThe news of the battle of Lex-\\nington determined Col. Allen to en-\\ngage on the side of his country, and\\ninspired him with the desire of dem-\\nonstrating his attachment to liberty\\nby some bold exploit. While his\\nmind was in this state, a plan for\\ntaking Ticonderoga and Crown Point\\nby surprise, which was formed by\\nseveral gentlemen in Connecticut,\\nwas communicated to him, and he\\nreadily engaged in the project.\\nReceiving directions from the gen-\\neral assembly of Connecticut to\\nraise the Green Mountain boys, and\\nconduct the enterprise, he collected\\n230 of the hardy settlers and pro-\\nceeded to Castleton. Here he was\\nunexpectedly joined by Col. Ar-\\nnold, who had been commissioned\\nby the Massachusetts committee to\\nraise 400 men, and effect the same\\nobject, which was now about to be\\naccomplished. As he had not rais-\\ned the men, he was admitted to act\\nas an assistant to Col. Allen. They\\nreached the lake opposite Ticonde-\\nroga on the evening of the 9th of\\nMay, 1775. With the utmost diffi-\\nculty boats were procured, and 83\\nmen were landed near the garrison.\\nThe approach of day rendering it\\ndangerous to wait for the rear, it was\\ndetermined immediately to proceed.\\nThe commander in chief now ad-\\ndressed his men, representing that\\nthey had been for a number of years\\na scourge to arbitrary power, and\\nfamed for their valor, and conclud-\\ned with saying, I now propose to\\nadvance before you, and in person\\nconduct you through the wicket\\ngate; and you, who will go with\\nme voluntarily in this desperate at-\\ntempt, poise your firelocks. At\\nthe head of the centre file he\\nmarched instantly to the gate, where\\na sentry snapped his gun at him,\\nand retreated through the covered\\nway he pressed forward into the\\nfort, and formed his men on the\\nparade in such a manner as to face\\ntwo opposite barracks. Three huz-\\nzas awaked the garrison. A sentry,\\nwho asked quarter, pointed out the\\napartments of the commanding offi-\\ncer and Allen with a drawn sword\\nover the head of Capt. De la Place,\\nwho was undressed, demanded the\\nsurrender of the fort. By what\\nauthority do you demand it in-\\nquired the astonished comm.ander.\\nI demand it (said Allen) in the\\nname of the great Jehovah and of\\nthe continental congress. The\\nsummons could not be disobeyed,\\nand the fort, with its very valuable\\nstores and 49 prisoners was imme-\\ndiately surrendered. Crown Point\\nwas taken the same day, and the\\ncapture of a sloop of war, soon af-\\nterwards, made Allen and his brave\\nparty complete masters of Lake\\nChamplain.\\nGen. Allen possessed strong pow-\\ners of mind, but they never felt the\\ninfluence of education. Though\\nhe was brave, humane and gener-\\nous, yet his conduct does not seem\\nto have been much influenced by", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nconsiderations respecting that holy\\nand merciful Being, whose charac-\\nter and whose commands are dis-\\nclosed to us in the scriptures.\\nGen. Allen died at Colchester,\\nFeb. 13, 17S9, aged 52.\\nliittle Androscoggin River,\\nIn Maine, has its sources in ponds\\nin the towns of Woodstock, Green-\\nwood, and Norway: it passes in a\\nsoutheasterly direction through Ox-\\nford, and falls into the Androscog-\\ngin between Minot and Danville,\\nopposite to Lewiston.\\nliittle Conipton, R. I.\\nNewport co. This very pleasant\\ntown, the Indian Seacoymet, lies on\\nthe ocean, at the eastern entrance\\ninto Narraganset bay, 9 miles E. by\\nN. from Newport, 30 S. S. E. from\\nProvidence, and 12 S. from Fall\\nRiver, Mass. The soil of the town\\nis uncommonly fertile, and being\\ncultivated by an industrious class\\nof men, is very productive of corn\\nand other grain beef, pork, but-\\nter, cheese, and wool.\\nSeaconnet Rocks, at the south-\\neastern extremity of the town,\\nwhere a break-water has been\\nerected by government, is well\\nknown to sailors, and memorable as\\nthe place where a treaty was made\\nbetween the English and the Queen\\nof the powerful Seaconnet tribe, in\\n1674. That tribe is now extinct:\\nSeaconnet Mocks is their only mon-\\nument.\\nLittle Compton is becoming cel-\\nebrated as a place of resort, in sum-\\nmer months, for sea air and bath-\\ning; and very justly so, for very\\nfew parts of our coast exhibit a\\nmore interesting location.\\nliittle Macliias \u00c2\u00abS L.ittle Rivers.\\nSee Cutler.\\nliittlcton, N. n.\\nGrafton co. On Connecticut riv-\\ner. Its extent on Connecticut river\\nis about 14 miles It is 30 miles\\nN. by E. from Haverhill, and 80\\nN. N. W. from Concord. Connec-\\nticut river, in passing down the\\nrapids called Fifteen Mile FallSf\\nextending the whole length of Lit-\\ntleton, runs in foaming waves for\\nmiles together, which render it im-\\npossible to ascend or descend with\\nboats in safety. There are three\\nbridges over the Connecticut in Lit-\\ntleton. Amonoosuck river waters\\nthe S. part, having on its banks small\\ntracts of excellent intervale. The\\nprincipal village is o-n this river, in\\nthe S. part of the town, and is called\\nGlynville. Raspberry, Black, Palm-\\ner s and Iron mountains are the\\nmost prominent elevations. Near\\nAmonoosuck river, there is a min-\\neral spring, the water of which is\\nsaid to be similar to the Congress\\nspring at Saratoga. The land com-\\nprehending Littleton was tirst grant-\\ned in 17(54, by the name of Chis-\\nwick. It w^as re-granted in 1770,\\nby the name of ^/)^/jorf). In 1784,\\nApthorp was divided, and the towns\\nof Littleton and Dalton incorporat-\\ned. Population, 1830, 1,435.\\nliittleton, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The Indians call-\\ned this town JVashahah. It is 27\\nmiles W. N. W. from Boston, and\\n10 N. W. from Concord. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1715. Population, 1837, 876.\\nThere are several beautiful ponds\\nin the town, and limestone. The\\nsoil is tolerably good, and adapted\\nfor the growth of rye and hops.\\nThere are some manufactures of\\nboots, shoes, and straw bonnets.\\nliivermore, Me.\\nOxford CO. An excellent town-\\nship of land, on both sides of the\\nAndroscoggin river, 25 miles W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 18 N. E. from\\nParis. Incorporated, 1795. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,456; 1837, 2,631.\\nThere are three pleasant villages\\nin the town, fine falls on the river,\\nsaw mills and other manufactures.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0232.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWheat crop of 1837, 8,472 bush-\\nels.\\nliOiidouderry, N. II\\nRockingham co. Adjoining the\\nE. line of the county of Hillsbo-\\nrough. This town contains very lit-\\ntle waste land, and it is believed,\\nhas as extensive a body of fertile\\nsoil as any town in the E. section\\nof the state. It lies 25 miles S. S.\\nE. from Concord, and 35 S. W. from\\nPortsmouth. Population, in 1830,\\n1,4G9.\\nLondonderry, which formerly in-\\ncluded the present town of Derry,\\nwas settled in 1719, by a colony of\\nPresbyterians, from the vicinity of\\nthe city of Londonderry, in the N.\\nof Ireland, to which place their an-\\ncestors had emigrated about a cen-\\ntury before from Scotland. They\\nwere apart of 120 families, chiefly\\nfrom three parishes, who with their\\nreligious instructors came to New\\nEngland in the summer of 1718.\\nIn October, 1718, they applied to\\nthe government of Massachusetts\\nfor the grant of a township, and\\nreceived assurances that a grant\\nshould be made them when they\\nshould select a place for its location.\\nAfter some time spent in viewing\\nthe country, they selected the tract\\nafterwards composing the town of\\nLondonderry, at first known by the\\nname of JWitfield. In 1719, six-\\nteen families, accompanied by Rev.\\nJames McGregore, one of the cler-\\ngymen who had emigrated from\\nIreland with them, took possession\\nof the tract, and on the day of\\ntheir arrival attended religious ser-\\nvices and a sermon under an oak\\non the east shore of Beaver pond.\\nThe inhabitants of Londonderry in\\n1720, purchased the Indian title,\\nand although it was long a frontier\\ntown, were never molested by the\\nIndians. They introduced the cul-\\nture of the potatoe, a vegetable till\\nthen unknown in New England,\\nand the manufacture of linen cloth,\\nwhich, though long since declined,\\nwas for many years a considerable\\nsource of their early prosperity.\\nRev. Matthew Clark, sec-\\nond minister of Londonderry, was\\na native of Ireland, Avho had in\\nearly life been an officer in the\\narmy, and distinguished himself ia\\nthe defence of the city of London-\\nderrv, when besieged by the army\\nof King James II. A. b.,16SS-9.\\nHe afterwards relinquished a mili-\\ntary life for the clerical profession.\\nHe possessed a strong mind, mai-k-\\ned by a considerable degree of ec-\\ncentricity. He died January 25,\\n1735, and was borne to the grave,\\nat his particular request, by his for-\\nmer companions in arms, of wiiom\\nthere were a considerable number\\namong the early settlers of this\\ntown several of whom had been\\nmade free from toxes throughout\\nthe British dominions by King Will-\\niam, for their bravery in that mem-\\norable siege.\\nA company of 70 men from this\\ntown, under the command of Capt.\\nGeorge Reid, were in the battle of\\nBreed s hill, and about the same\\nnumber were in that at Benning-\\nton, in which Capt. David M Clary,\\none of their citizens, a distinguish-\\ned and brave officer, was killed.\\nMajor-general John Stark and Col.\\nGeorge Reid, officers of the army\\nof the revolution, were natives of\\nthis town.\\nliOiidonderry, Vt.\\nWindham co. W^cst river passes\\nthough this town and receives sev-\\neral tributaries in it. The land on\\nthe streams is rich and fertile the\\nuplands are good for grazing, ex-\\ncept those parts that are mountain-\\nous. First settled, 1774. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,302. It lies 28 miles\\nS. W. from Windsor, and 30 N. E.\\nfrom Bennington.\\nliOiig Island Soiuid.\\nThis inland sea washes the whole\\nsouthern boundary of Connecticut,\\nand is formed by Long Island, in the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0233.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nstate of New York. This island\\nextends from Montauk Point, off\\nStonington, to tlie harbor of New\\nYork. Its length is 120 miles.\\nThe widest part, 20 miles, is off\\nNew Haven; the nariowest parts,\\non the border of New England, are\\noff the mouth of Connecticut river,\\nabout S miles, and off Greenwich,\\nor Saw Pits, 7 miles.\\nThis Sound, as far as Hurl Gate,\\nis navigable for vessels of any bur-\\nthen, and the passage to and from\\nthe sea round Montauk, is remark-\\nably easy at any time of tide, and\\nin all weather. See Judith Point.\\nHurl Crate, sometimes called Hell\\nGate, but properly Horll Gatt,\\na Dutch term, signifying a whirl-\\npool, is a narrow strait of difficult\\npassage between Long and New\\nYork Islands. At half tide the\\ncurrent runs 7 or 8 miles an hour.\\nIt contains numerous whirlpools, is\\nrocky and bears a threatening as-\\npect; but good pilots navigate it\\nwith ease when the tide is favora-\\nble. Steam-boats press through at\\nall times of tide. Through this\\npassage a vast amount of the pro-\\nductions of Connecticut and Rhode\\nIsland pass to New York market.\\nA survey for a ship canal, uniting\\nthese waters and Narraganset bay\\nwith Boston harbor, was commenc-\\ned by the government of the Uni-\\nted States in 1827. From a tide\\nlock at Braintree, in Boston harbor,\\nto a tide lock at Somerset, Mass.,\\non Taunton river, the distance is 36\\nmiles. The summit level is at\\nRandolph, Mass., 1.34 feet above\\nhigh water mark at Boston. A ship\\ncanal in this direction, or one across\\nCape Cod, at Sandwich, would save\\nmany lives, and a vast amount of\\nproperty.\\nSome of the distances from Prov-\\nidence, and along the northern coast\\nof this Sound, to the city of New\\nYork, are here given.\\nFrom Providence to Newport, 30\\nmiles: to Judith Point, 11 41\\nto the mouth of Stonington har-\\nbor, 27 68 to the mouth of New\\nLondon harbor, 8--76 to the mouth\\nof Connecticut river, 13 89 to\\nthe mouth of New Haven harbor,\\n27\u00e2\u0080\u0094 116:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to Stratford Point, 10\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n126 to the mouth of Fairfield har-\\nbor, 6\u00e2\u0080\u0094132 to Norwalk, S\u00e2\u0080\u0094 140\\nto Greenwich, or Saw Pits, 15\\n15ii to Throg s Point, 14\u00e2\u0080\u0094169\\nto Hurl Gate, 6 175 to New\\nYork, 8 miles, making the distance\\nfrom Providence to New York, by\\nwater, 183 miles.\\nAs the rail-road from Boston to\\nAlbany, although in good progress,\\nis not completed; and as many of\\nour friends at the north visiting the\\ninterior of the state of New York\\nfind it more agreeable to pass\\nthrough the city of New York and\\nup the Hudson river, rather than\\ncross the country, we think it may\\nbe useful to give some of the dis-\\ntances on that noble river, from the\\ncity of New York to the city of\\nTroy.\\nNote. w. denotes zvest side, e.\\neast side.\\nFrom New York to Hoboken,w.\\n2 miles to Manhattanville, e. 6\\n8 to Fort Lee, w. 2\u00e2\u0080\u009410 to\\nKing sBridgc,3\u00e2\u0080\u0094 13:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 (The Palis-\\nadoes, perpendicular cliirs of great\\nelevation, on the west bank of the\\nriver, commence at Hobcken, and\\nextend 20 miles to Tappan bay) to\\nFort Independence, e. 2 15: to\\nTarrytown, e. 12\u00e2\u0080\u009427 to Sing\\nSing, e. 5\u00e2\u0080\u009432 to Stony Point\\nlight-house, w. 8 40 to Fort\\nFayette, Verplanck s Point, e. 1\\n41 to Dunderburgh Mountain,\\nw. and Peekskill, e. 2 43 (Here\\nwe enter the justly celebrated\\nHighlands, pronounced by every\\nhonest Yankee to be equal if not\\nsuperior to any scenery of the kind\\nin his own country) to St. Antho-\\nny s Nose, e. and Foi-ts Montgome-\\nI y and Clinton, w. 3 46 to But-\\ntermilk Falls, w. 4 50 to West\\nPoint Fort Putnam, w. 2 52:\\nto West Mountain, w. and Cold", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0234.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSpring, e. 4 5S to Newbui-o-h,\\nw. 5 61 to Hamburgh, e. 7\\n68: to Poughkeepsie, e. 4 72:\\nto Hyde Park, e. 9\u00e2\u0080\u0094 SI to Lew-\\nis Landiag, e. and Esopus, w. 5\\n86: to Kingston Landiag, w. and\\nRhiiiebeck Landing, e. 4 90\\nto Upper Red Hook Landing, e. and\\nUlster, w. 11\u00e2\u0080\u0094101 to ^Catskill\\nLanding, w. 9 110: to Hudson,\\ne. and Athens, w. 6 116:\u00e2\u0080\u0094 to\\nCox-sackie Landing, w. 8 124\\nto Kinderhook Landing, e.3 127:\\nto Ccemans, w. 5 132 to the\\nOvershiugh, (sand bars) 9 141\\nto Albany, vv. 3 144: to Troy,e.\\n6 150. The whole distance from\\nBoston to Troy, by this ro.ite, is 357\\nmiles.\\nAt Catskill Landing, visitors to\\nthe Catskill mountains stop. Pine\\nOrchard Hotel, a splendid building,\\nis 12 miles distant. This Mountain\\nHouse is 2,274 feet above the tide\\nof the Hudson. A few yeai-s ago\\nthis enchanting spot wa:: a wilder-\\nness.\\nFrom this lofty eminence all\\ninequalities of surface are oveilook-\\ned. A seemingly endless succes-\\nsion of woods and waters farms\\nand villager, towns and cities, are\\nspread out as upon a boundless map.\\nFar beyond rise the Taakannuc\\n/nountains, and the highlands of\\nConn .cticut and Massachusetts. To\\nthe Ijft, and at a still greater dis-\\ntance, tiie Green mountainsof Ver-\\nn:ont stretch away to the north, and\\ntheir blue summits and the blue sky\\nmingle together. The beautiful\\nHudson, studded with islands, ap-\\npears narrowed in the distance,\\nwith steam-boats almost constantly\\nin sight; while vessels of every\\ndescription, spreading their white\\ncanvas to the breeze, are moving\\nrapidly over its surface, or idly\\nloitering in the calm. These may\\nbe traced to the distance of nearly\\nseventy miles with the naked eye\\nand again at times all below is en-\\nveloped in dark clouds and rolling\\n19\\nmist, which, driven about by the\\nwind, is constantly assuming new,\\nwild, and fantastic forms. From\\nthe Pine Orchard a ride or walk of\\na mile or two brings you to the\\nKauterskill falls. Here the outlet\\nof two small lakes leaps down a\\nperpendicular fall of 130 feet then\\nglides away through a cliannel\\nwoi-n in the rock, to a second fall\\nof 80 feet. Below this it is lost in\\nthe dark ravine through which it\\nfinds its WAj to the valley of the\\nCatskill.\\nTroy is a beautiful city. It lies\\non the east side of Hudson river,\\nin the county of Rensselaer, New\\nYork, at the head of navigation,\\nand at the junction of the northern\\nand western canals with that noble\\nriver. The city is on an elevated\\nplain, regularly laid out the streets\\nare wide and well shaded the\\nbuildings are uniformly neat, and\\nmany of them in a style of superior\\nelegance. St, Paul s churcii, and\\nthe new Presbyterian, are splendid\\nedifices, and di ^^play great taste in\\ntheir construction.\\nThe city of Troy is abundantly\\nsupplied with excellent water froiu\\nthe neighboring hills, at an expense\\nof $150,000. The source of the\\nwater is 75 feet above the level of\\nthe city. At the corner of every\\nstreet are hydrants, and a hose plac-\\ned on these sends the water up\\nhigher and with greater force than\\na fire engine.\\nThe squares and private gardens\\nare ornamented with perpetual wa-\\nter fountains.\\nIn JVashington Square is an Ital-\\nian marble fountain, chaste and clas-\\nsic in its construction, in the centre\\nof the city. It sends up the witer\\nten or fifteen feet, and in its descent\\nresembles the weeping willow\\nThis sianificant emblem of purity\\ngives this beautiful square an addi-\\ntional charm.\\nTwo streams, affording immense", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0235.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwater facilities, empty into the\\nHudson within the limits of the\\ncity, and one of them rolls down a\\nbeautiful cascade, a short distance\\nfrom Washington square an ob-\\nject worthy of a visit from the curi-\\nous traveler. These streams move\\nthe machinery of numerous mills.\\nAbout a quarter of a mile from\\nthe centre of the city, Mount Ida\\nrears its head three or four hundred\\nfeet in height, from whose summit\\nevery building in the city, 4he\\nwindings of the canals and river,\\nthe foaming of the Mohawk, and\\nthe neighboring towns of Albany,\\nVfaterford, and Lansingburgh, are\\ndistinctly seen.\\nTroy was incorporated as a vil-\\nlage in 1801. It then liad a popu-\\nlation of 2,000. Population, 1810,\\n3,895. In 1S16 it became a city.\\nPopulation, 1820, 5,264; 1825,\\n7,875; 1830,11,405; 1836,13,000.\\nTroy has risen to its present state\\nof opulence and population by its\\nfavorable position for trade, but\\nmore especially the enterprize and\\neconomical habits of its people.\\nMany of the first settlers of Troy\\ncame from New England in humble\\ncircumstances. Some of those who\\nthus came have amassed princely\\nfortunes, and acquired a name more\\nvalual)le than gold. A recent\\nMayor of the city came from the\\neast as a day laborer. The late\\nchief magistrate of the justly styled\\nEmpire State, a Nev/ Englander,\\nwas found in 1822 soliciting the\\npatronage of the Trojans as an at-\\ntorney at law. Troy v/as formerly\\ncalled Vanderheyden, in honor of\\na worthy Dutchman whose farm\\ncomprised the most compact part of\\nthe city.\\nA notice of Mrs.Willard s Fe-\\nmale Seminary must not be omitted\\nin this brief account of the Foun-\\ntain City, as it is an institution of\\nrare excellence, conducted by a\\nlady of extraordinary attainments.\\nThis school was commenced at\\nTroy in 1821, since which time a\\ncommodious building, on a pleas-\\nant site, has been erected, 130 feet\\nby 40. The number of scholarg\\nvaries from 200 to 275. They come\\nfrom every state in the union, the\\nCanadas, tiie AVest Indies, and even\\nfrom Europe, but chiefly from the\\nstate of New York and New Eng-\\nland. Mrs. Willard s plan of edu-\\ncation has received the approbation\\nof some of the wisest men in Eu-\\nrope. Dr. Combe quotes it, in his\\nessay on education, with unqualifi-\\ned approbation. This institution is\\nconducted almost entirely by fe-\\nmales it is, in fact, a female col-\\nlege, and many are the degrees of\\nusefulness conferred by its learned\\nprincipal on its numerous and love-\\nly graduates.\\nThe institution is incorporated,\\nand it cannot fail of receiving the\\nbest wislies of the community.\\nMay no event occur to m.ar its pros-\\nperity and usefulness.\\nThe traveler will visit the Foun-\\ntain City again, on his way from\\nChamplain Lake. See Burlington,\\nVt., in the Register.\\nliOng Meadow, Mass.\\nHampden co. This is a beauti-\\nful town vfith a fine soil, on the E.\\nside of Connecticut river, 97 miles\\nS. W. by W. from Boston, 5 S. from\\nSpringfield, and 22 N. from Hart-\\nford, Ct. Incorporated, 1783. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,251. There are\\nseveral tanneries in the town, and\\nsome other njanufactures, but the\\ninhabitants are generally engaged\\nin cultivating the soil. The Indian\\nname of the place was Massacsick.\\nLiOiig I^afee, Me.\\nThis is a sheet of water at the\\nnorthern part of Piscataquis county,\\nabout 15 miles in length and 2 in\\nwidth, which empties by Namjam-\\nskillecook river into Temiscouata\\nlake, the head waters o Madawas-\\nka river. It lies about 210 miles\\nN. by E. from Augusta.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0236.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nliongPoud, Me.\\nSee Bridgeton.\\nILoudou, IV. K.\\nMerrimack co. Soucook river\\npasses from Gilmanton S. through\\nLoudon, furnishing valuable mill\\nprivileges. There is some good in-\\ntervale on its borders. Loudon was\\noriginally a part of Canterbury\\nwas incorporated, 1773. Loudon\\nlies 7 miles N. E. from Concord.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,642.\\nliOvell, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town embraces\\nKezer pond, a large sheet of water,\\nand other ponds whose outlet is into\\nthe Saco, at Fryeburgh. Lovell\\nlies 10 miles N. fiom Fryebui-gh,\\n20 W. S. W- from Paris, and 67 W.\\nS. W. from Auiiu:^ta. Incorpora-\\nted, 1800. Population, 1837, 876.\\nIn this town are Lovell s Falls,\\nwhich are an object of great natu-\\nral curiosity. Where the water\\nmakes over into the tremendous ba-\\nsin below, it falls perpendicularly\\n40 feet. Above tlie falls, there is\\na chain of eight ponds, partly in\\nLovell and partly in Waterford, con-\\nnected by small natural dams one\\nor two rods in width, through which\\nthere are sluiceways, which will\\nadmit the passage of a common sail\\nboat. The scenery of the moun-\\ntains and ascending lands in the vi-\\ncinity is rural and beautiful.\\nliO-well, Me.\\nPenobscot co. Formerly called\\nHuntressville. Incorporated by its\\npresent name in 1838. See Down\\nEast.\\nliowell, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1806, and was called Kel-\\nleyvale for a number of years. It\\nlies 36 miles N. from Montpelier,\\nand 10 S. W. from Irasburgh. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 314. This township\\nis mountainous, and the fountain\\nhead of Missisque river.\\nliOivell, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. County town.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThis city, tiie American Manches-\\nter, is remarkable for the extent of\\nits water power, its rapid growth,\\nand the height to which it has rais-\\ned the American character, by the\\nperfection of its manufactures.\\nLowell has risen to eminence by\\nthe remai-kable energy and skill of\\na few individuals among whom\\nPatrick T. Jackson, Esq. of\\nBoston, and the late Kirk BooTj\\nEsq. were distinguished.\\nIt lies on the S. side of Merri-\\nmack river, below Pawtucket Falls,\\nand at the union of Concord river\\nwith the Merrimack.\\nIn 1815, the site where the city\\nstands was a wilderness, with the\\nexception of a few lonely dwell-\\nings. In 1824, Lowell, then a part\\nof Chelmsford, was incorporated as\\na town. In 1835, it became a city.\\nLowell is situated 25 miles N. from\\nBoston, 14 N. N. E. from Concord,\\n37 N. E. from Worcester, and 38 S.\\nS. E. from Concoid, N. H. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 6,474; 1837, 18,010.\\nThe hydraulic power of this place\\nis produced by a canal, of a mile\\nand a half in length, 60 feet in\\nwidth, and 8 feet in depth, extend-\\ning from the head of Pawtucket\\nFalls to Concord river. This canal\\nhas locks at its outlet into Concord\\nriver it also serves for the passage\\nof boats up and down the Merri-\\nmack. From this canal, the water\\nis conveyed by lateral canals to va-\\nrious places where it is wanted for\\nuse, and then discharged, either in-\\nto the Merrimack or Concord.\\nThe canal is owned by The\\nProprietors of the Locks and Canals\\non Merrimack river. This com-\\npany was incorporated in 1792, and\\nhave a capital of $600,000. They\\ndispose of lauds and mill privileges,\\nand own the machine shop, and\\ncarry on the manufacture of ma-\\nchinery. The first cotton mill at\\nthis place was erected in 1822.\\nThe whole fall of the Merrimack", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0237.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nat this place is 30 feet, and the\\nquantity of water never falls short\\nof 2,000 cubic feet per second,\\nand is very rarely so low as that.\\nThis quantity of water is estimated\\nto carry 283,000 spindles, with all\\nthe preparatory machiner3\\\\ There\\nis therefore an unimproved water\\npower at this place sufficient to\\ncarry eleven mills of the usual size,\\nmaking the whole number of mills\\n89, when all the water is improved.\\nTlierc are 10 corporations, with a\\ncapital siock of $8,250,000 28 mills\\nbesides machine shops, print works,\\nc., all warmed in cold weather by\\nhot air or steam.\\nThere are 150,404 spindles, and\\n4,361 looms. There are 51,147,200\\nyards of cloth manufactured per an-\\nnum 12,220,000 yards dyed and\\nprinted, and 16,161,600 lbs. of cot-\\nton used annually, besides a large\\nquantity of wool.\\nThere are annually used in these\\nmanufactoiies, 11,000 tons of An-\\nthracite coal, 4,810 cords of wood,\\n500,000 bushels of charcoal, 63,489\\ngallons of oil, 510,000 pounds of\\nstarch, and 3,800 barrels of flour\\nfor starch in the print works and\\nbleachery.\\nThe number of females employ-\\ned in the mills, is 6,295 number of\\nmales, 2,047. Total number of\\nhands, 8,342. The average wages\\nof females per week, clear of board,\\nis 1,75; of males, 80 cents per\\nday, clear of board. The average\\namount of w^ages paid per ^month\\nis $106,000.\\nThe goods manufactured in these\\nmills consist of sheetings, shirtings,\\ndrillings, calicoes, broadcloths, cas-\\nsimeres, carpets, rugs, negro cloth\\nmachinery for mills, and for en-\\ngines and cars for rail-roads. The\\nquality of these goods is general-\\nly superior to those imported. The\\nannual amount of goods manu-\\nfactured by these mills is about\\n$8,000,000.\\nThe mills are built of brick, and\\nare about 157 feet in length, 45 in\\nbreadth, and from 4 to 7 stories in\\nheight.\\nThe Locks and Canals Machine\\nShop, included among the 23 mills,\\ncan furnish machinery complete for\\na mill of 5,000 spindles in four\\nmonths, and lumber and materials\\nare always at command, with which\\nto build or rebuild a mill in that\\ntime, if required. When building\\nmills, the Locks and Canals Com-\\npany employ directly and indirect-\\nly fiom a thousand to twelve hun-\\ndred hands.\\nThere are also in Lowell 10\\npowder mills, a tiour mill, glass\\nworks, the Lowell bleachery, flan-\\nnel mills, and manufactoriesof cards,\\nwhips, planing and reed machines,\\nboots, shoes; bras?, copper and tin\\n\\\\vares, carriages, harnesses, iron\\ncastings, c. c. the annual pro-\\nceeds of which amount to about\\n$500,000, employing about 2U0\\nhands.\\nLowell is finely situated in regard\\nto health it is surrounded by pleas-\\nant hills and valleys, and seated on\\na rapid stream. We aie enabled to\\nstate on good authority that 6 of\\nthe females out of 10 enjoy better\\nhealth than before being employed\\nin the mills, and that one half of the\\nmales derive the same advantage.\\nLowell is very handsomely locat-\\ned it is laid out into wide streets;\\nall the buildings are of recent con-\\nstruction, and in a style of neatness\\nand elegance.\\nWith regard to the future pros-\\nperity of this interesting city, noth-\\ning need be said to those who know\\nthat it was founded, and is princi-\\npally sustained, by the most emi-\\nnent capitalists of Boston a city\\nrenowned for its enterprize, wealth,\\nand public spirit.\\nTo strangers we would say visit\\nit. It is a pleasant ride of about an\\nhour from Boston, by the rail-road.\\nForeigners view Lowell with ad-\\nmiration and every American who\\nsees it feels proud that such a city\\nexists on this side of the Atlantic,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0238.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nliubec, Me.\\nWashington co. Lubec compris-\\nes a township of good land, lying\\nat the northeasterly corner of the\\nstate, and contains a point of land\\nextending easterly on which West\\nQuoddy Head light-house is situa-\\nted, at the western entrance into\\nPassamaquoddy bay. This place\\npossesses an admirable harbor for\\nvessels of any draught of water it\\nis easy of access and never obstruct-\\ned by ice. There are also within\\nthe town a number of bays, coves,\\nand several islands. Grand Menan\\nstretches off the mouth of the har-\\nbor on the E. 5 or 6 miles distant,\\nand Campo Ballo, another English\\nisland, lies very near and protects\\nthe harbor on the north. This\\ntown was taken from Eastport in\\n1811, and contained 3S0 inhabit-\\nants. Population, 1820, 1430; 1S30,\\n2,081; 1S37, 4,161.\\nLubec, in common with Eastport,\\nenjoys a very extensive trade with\\nthe Bay of Fundy and the great\\nwaters of Passamaquoddy bay.\\nThe village, or principal place of\\nbusiness, is beautifully located on a\\npoint of land jutting out into the\\nharbor it makes a fine appearance,\\ncommands an active trade, and is\\nflourishing in its navigation and\\nfishery. It lies 3 miles S. from\\nEastport, 30 E. from Machias, 173\\nE. by N. from Augusta, and 31 S.\\nE. from Calais, at the head of navi-\\ngation on the St. Croix river.\\nliWdloA^ Vt.\\nWindsor CO. Black and Williams\\nrivers give this town a good water\\npower. It is likewise watered by\\na number of large ponds well stor-\\ned with fish. Ludlow w^as first set-\\ntled in 1784. It lies 61 miles S.\\nfrom Montpclier, and 18 S. W. from\\nWindsor. Population, 1830, 1,227.\\nThe town is mountainous, but\\ncontains good land for the grazing\\nof sheep and other cattle. The\\nvillage is very pleasant, and the\\ncentre of considerable trade with\\n19*\\nthe surrounding country. Some\\nvaluable minerals have been discov-\\nered here.\\nliiidloAv, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town lies N.\\nof Wilbraham, and is separated from\\nit by Chickopee river. It is 84\\nmiles W. by S. from Boston, and 10\\nN. E. from Springfield. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1774. The Chickopee here\\nis a large stream, and adds much to\\nthe beauty of the place. There\\nare two cotton mills in the town,\\nand manufactures of palm-leaf hats\\nand ploughs total value, in one\\nyear, $160,850. Population, 1837,\\ni,329.\\nliuuenliurgli, Vt.\\nEssex CO. On the west side of\\nConnecticut river, and watered by\\nNeal s branch and pond, and Cat-\\nbow branch good mill streams.\\nSome of the land is very good, but\\nthe most of it is stony, appearently\\nof diluvial formation, consisting of\\nrounded masses of granite embed-\\nded in clay and gravel. This is a\\ngood grazing town, and produces\\nsome cattle, and butter and cheese\\nfor market. First settled about\\n1770. Population, in 1830, 1,054.\\nLunenbvirgh lies 45 miles E. N.\\nE. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from\\nGuildhall.\\nliiuieulburgli, Mass.\\nWorcester co. The soil of this\\ntown is good, the surface uneven\\nand watered by some branches of\\nNashua river. Considerable amount\\nof books are printed and bo nd in\\nthis town, and there are souie man-\\nufactures of palm-leaf hats, cha rs,\\ncabinet ware, leather, boots and\\nshoes. Lunenburgh is a very pleas-\\nant town: 42 miles N. W. from\\nBoston, and 24 N. from Worcester.\\nIncorporated, 1728. Population,\\n1837, 1,250.\\nYork CO. This is a pleasanl", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0239.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "NFAV ENGLA?.^0 GAZS TTEE-R.\\ntown, watered by several pomb\\nwhich erapt} some into the Saco,\\nand others iato the Kenusbunk and\\nMousum. It lies 87 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, 5 E. from Alfred and\\n6 N. N. W. from Kennebunk. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,523.\\nGrafton co. On Connecticut riv-\\ner. This town is 13 miles above\\nHaverhill, 9 miles N. N. W. from\\nConcord. There is one considera-\\nble elevation, called Lyman s moun-\\ntain. The N, W. branch of Burn-\\nham s river has its source fi-om this\\nmountain. T!)ere are several poadi\\nin the E. part of Lyman, through\\nthe largest of which Burnham s\\nriver has its course. The lower bar\\nof the Fifteen Mile falls is in this\\ntown. Carleton s falls are several\\nmiles below, and below these is\\nStevens ferry, which communi-\\ncates with Barnet. Lyman was\\ngranted in 1761. Population, in\\n1830, 1,321.\\nTiyme, T-S, 11.\\nGrafton co. Thi (own is 6 miles\\nS. from Orford, and 54 N. W. froin\\nConcord. The soil h-ere is similar\\nto that of other (owns on Connecti-\\ncut river, with this difference, that\\nthere is a less proportion of inter-\\nvale, and a less difference betv/een\\nthat directly adjoining the river and\\nthe other parts of the town. There\\nare three small streams passing\\nthrough Lyme and emptying into\\nConnecticut river. There are two\\nsmall ponds, the largest of which is\\ncalled Ports pond. There is a moun-\\ntain, called Smart s mountain, lying\\nin the N. E. part of the town.\\nLyme was granted 1761. The town\\nwas settled 1764. Population, in\\n1830, 1,804.\\nXiymc, Ct.\\nNew London co. Lyme is situ-\\nated at the mouth of Connecticut\\nriver, on the east side, opposite to\\nSaybi ook. It ia pleasa t town.\\ngenerally of good soil, but greatly\\ndiversified in regard to surface\\nsome parts are mountainous and\\nrocky, while others are level, with\\nlarge tracts of salt meadow. The\\ntown is watered by several streams\\nand ponds, and the shores on the\\nsound and river are indented by\\nsmall bays and harbors, which af-\\nford the town some navigable privi-\\nleges. There are several neat vil-\\nlages in the town, a cotton mill,.\\n2 woolen factories, and about 6,000\\nsheep. Lyme was first settled in\\n1664. Incorporated, 1667. It lies\\n40 miles S. E. from Hartford, and 40\\nE. from New Haven. Population,\\n1830, 4,034. Its Indian name was\\nJYeh antic.\\nAmong the first settlers was\\nMatthew Griswold, the ances-\\ntor of two governors, and of a nu-\\nmerous and highly respected family\\nin the state.\\nA tract of land, once an Indian\\nreservation, was for some time in\\ndispute between the town^5 of Lyme\\nand New London. It was finally\\nagreed to settle their respective ti-\\ntles to the land in contioversy, by a\\ncombat between t\\\\v j champions, to\\nbe chosen by each for that purpose.\\nThe combatants were chosen, and\\non a day mutually appointed, the\\nchampions appeared in the field,\\nand fought with their fists till vic-\\ntory declared in favor of each of the\\nLyme combatants. Lyme then qui-\\netly took possession of the contro-\\nverted tract, and has held it un-\\ndisputed, to the present day.\\nDeacon Marvin, a large land\\nholder and an exemplary man, was\\nexceedingly eccentric in some of\\nhis notions. His courtship, it is\\nsaid, was as follows: Having one\\nday mounted his horse, with only a\\nsheep skin for a saddle, he rode in\\nfront of the house where Betty Lee\\nlived, and without dismounting re-\\nquested Betty to come to him; on\\nher coming, he told her that the\\nLord had sent him there to marry\\nher, Betty, without much hesi-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0240.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntation, replied. The Lord s will be\\ndone.\\nThe following is on the Deacon s\\nmonument in the grave yai-d, dated,\\nOctober 18, 1737.\\nThis Deacon aged 68\\nIs freed on earth from serving\\nMay for a crown no lont^er wait\\nLyme s Captain Reynold Marvin.\\nliyiideborougli, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. This town is\\n10 miles W. N. W. from Amherst,\\nand 35 S. S. W. from Concord. It\\nis an elevated township, having a\\ncon-iderahle mountain which di-\\nvides it from E. to W. There is, in\\nthe N. E. part of the town, below\\nthe mountain, a plain, where there\\nis a small village, pleasantly situat-\\ned near Piscataquog river. The\\nsoil of this town, though stony, is\\ndeep and strong. For grazing it is,\\nperhaps not exceeded by any town\\nin the county. The streams are\\nsmall, originating principally from\\nsources in the town, and running\\nN. and S. from the mountain.\\nLyndeborough was originally grant-\\ned in 1690. In 1758, Benjamin\\nLynde, Esq. of Salem, purchased a\\ncou iiderable part of the township,\\nand adjoining lands. From him,\\nthe place, when it was incoiporated\\nin 1764, took trie name of Lyndebo-\\nrough. It was settled as early as\\n1750. On the 15th of Nov., 1809,\\nthree children were burnt in a barn,\\nwhile their parents were attending\\nan installation at IVIont Vernon.\\nPopulation, in 1S30, 1,117.\\nliyndoii, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. First settled, 1783.\\nIt lies 34 miles N. E. from Mont-\\npelier, and 10 N. N. E. from Dan-\\nville. Population, 1S30, 1,822.\\nLyndon is one of the best townships\\nin the state its surface is undulat-\\ning, with a soil of rich loam, free\\nfrom stone, easy to cultivate, and\\nvery productive of wool, cattle,\\npork, butter and cheese. It is ad-\\nmirably well watered by the Pas-\\nsumpsic and some of its tributaries.\\nTwo important falls of that river\\nare in the town, one of 65 feet in\\nthe distance of 30 rods the other\\nof 18 feet. These are called Great\\nand Little Falls, and afford a water\\npower of great extent. Agaric\\nmineral, used for chalk, and a good\\nsubstitute for Spanish white, is found\\nhere. The principal village is very\\npleasant and the seat of considera-\\nble business. The scenery about\\nthe town is picturesque and inter-\\nesting. There is probably no inte-\\nrior town in the state that contains\\nmore valuable water privileges than\\nLyndon.\\nIjynii, Mass.\\nEssex CO. Lynn is one of the\\nmost flourishing and beautiful towns\\nin the state. It lies on a plain, sur-\\nrounded by rising ground, except\\non the east, where it opens to Lynn\\nbay, embracing the romantic pen-\\ninsula of JSTahant, with its beauti-\\nful beach, and Phillips Point, both\\nhighly esteemed resorts for all class-\\nes of people; the sick, the serious,\\nand the gay. The soil of the town\\nis fertile and well cultivated. It is\\nwatered by the river Saugus, the\\nIndian name of the place. The\\ntown is neatly built on wide and\\npleasant streets, and contains a pop-\\nulation of about 10,000. It lies 9\\nmiles N. E. from Boston, and 5 S.\\nW. from Salem.\\nLynn has risen to wealth and\\nimportance by the enterprise and\\nindustry of its people, in the manu-\\nfacture of shoes, particularly for\\nwhich, more than any other town\\nin the country, it is justly celebra-\\nted. The manufacture of ladies\\nshoes was commenced here before\\nthe revolutionary war, and it is cu-\\nrious to observe the great changes\\nthat have occurred in the fashion\\nand manufacture of that article.\\nIn olden times, says the New-\\nburyport Herald, ladies shoes\\nwere made in Lynn of common\\nwoolen cloth, or coarse curried", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0241.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nleather; afterwards of stuffs such\\nas cassimere, everlastinp;, shalloon\\nand russet some of satin and da-\\nmaskjOthers of satin lasting and flor-\\nentine. They were generally cut\\nwith straps, for large buckles,\\nwhich were worn in those days by\\nwomen as well as men. Ladies\\nshoes, 70 years ago, were made\\nmostly with white and russet rands,\\nand stitched very fine on the rand\\nwith white-waxed thread. Some\\nwere made turn pumps and channel\\npumps, all having wooden heels,\\ncalled cross-cut, cot7imon,3.nd court\\nheels. Then the cork, plug, and\\nwedge or spring heels, came into\\nuse. The sole-leather was all\\nworked v.fith the flesh side out.\\nPrevious to the war of the revo-\\nlution, the market for Lynn shoes\\nwas principally confined to New\\nEngland some few, however,\\nwere exported to Philadelphia.\\nMany individuals with small capi-\\ntal carried on the business in their\\nown families. Fathers, sons, ap-\\nprentices, and one or two journey-\\nmen, all in one small shop, with a\\nchimney in one corner, formed the\\nwhole establishment.\\nAfter the revolution, the business\\nassumed a different aspect. Enter-\\nprising individuals embarked in the\\nbusiness in good earnest; hired\\na great number of journeymen\\nbuilt large shops, took apprentices,\\nand drove the business. Master\\nworkmen shipped their shoes to\\nthe south, so that Lynn shoes took\\nthe place of English and other im-\\nported shoes. Morocco and kid\\nleather, suitable for shoes, began\\nto be imported from England, which\\nsoon took the place of stuffs. Roan\\nshoes were now little called for\\nand the improvement of working\\nthe sole-leather grain side out, was\\nnow generally adopted, making\\nwhat is called dvff bottoms. About\\nthe year 1794, wooden heels began\\nto go out of use, by the introduc-\\ntion of leather spring heels. This\\nimprovement progressed gradually,\\nuntil the heel making, which was\\nonce a good business, was totally\\nruined.\\nLi the year ending April 1, 1837,\\nthere were manufactured in Lynn\\n2,543,929 pairs of shoes, and 2,220\\npairs of boots, valued at ^1,689,793.\\nIn this manufacture, 2,631 males\\nand 2,554 females were employed\\ntotal number, 5,185. During that\\ntime the manufacture of vessels,\\ncordage, tin ware, oil casks, moroc-\\nco leather and shoe boxes amounted\\nto $188,409. During the same pe-\\nriod there were 5 vessels employed\\nin the whale and 14 in the cod and\\nmackerel fishery. Besides this,\\n4,608,000 pounds of cod, haddock,\\nhalibut and other fish were tak-\\nen in boats and sold fresh. The to-\\ntal value of the fisheries amounted\\nto ^170,320. Total value of the\\nmanufactures and fisheries of Lynn,\\nin one year, $2,048,522. Lynn\\nwas first settled in 1629 Incorpo-\\nrated, 1637.\\nliysmiield, Mass.\\nEssex CO. The surface of this\\ntov/n is uneven, and the soil rather\\nhard and unproductive. It contains\\nsome good farms, a number of pleas-\\nant ponds, and is watered by Ips-\\nwich river on the north. There is\\na woolen mill in the town, and man-\\nufactures of bar iron, ploughs, boots\\nand shoes annual value about\\n$50,000. Incorporated, 1782.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPopulation, 1837, 674. Lynnfield\\nis 12 miles N. from Boston, and 9\\nW. by N. from Salem.\\nMacliias Rivers and Bay, Me.\\nThe river in Washington County\\nis formed of two branches, which\\nreceive their head waters from sev-\\neral ponds, at the distance of about\\n40 miles, in a N. W. direction.\\nThe eastern branch passes through\\nEast Machias. These branches\\nunite near the line of Machias and\\nMachias Port, and in their course\\nproduce a great and valuable hy-\\ndraulic power.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0242.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nMachias and Little Machias riv-\\ners, in Penobscot countj^ are im-\\nportant tributaries to the Aroostook.\\nTheir course is easterly, and their\\nmouths meet near each other about\\n30 miles W. N. W. from Mars Hill.\\nMachias Bay sets up from the\\nsea about 10 miles and meets Ma-\\nchias Port. This bay is 4 oi- 5 miles\\nin width at its mouth, and contains\\nin its bosom several coves, harbors,\\nand beautiful islands: Cross island\\nlying at its mouth is the largest,\\nbeing about 3 miles by 2.\\nMacSiias, Me.\\nWashington co. County town.\\nThis was a famous lodgement of the\\nIndians. First settled, 1782. It\\nwas incorporated in 17S4, and was\\nthe first corporate town between\\nPenoS cot anil St. Croix rivers. It\\nformerly compri-ed East Machias\\nanil Machias Port. The village is\\nsituated on the east side of the\\nwest branch, and near the mouth\\nof Middle river. It contains the\\ncounty buihiing, numerous saw\\nmills, and has an extensive trade,\\nparticularly in lumber. Machias\\nlies 143 miles E. N. E. from Augus-\\nta. Population, 1837, 1,239. this\\nis a pleasant and interesting town.\\nMacliias Poi t, Ble.\\nWashington co. Incorporated\\nin 1826. It is the southern part of\\nOld Machias, and extends north-\\nward to the union of the branches\\nof Machias river. It has a great\\nnumber of mills, and is very exten-\\nsively engaged in the lumber trade.\\nIt is a port of entry it has an\\nexcellent harbor, and considerable\\nnavigation in the coasting and fish-\\ning business. The tonnage of the\\ndistrict in 1837, was 8,360 tons. In\\nthis part of Old Machias the Ply-\\nmouth Colony established a trading\\nhouse in 1630. It was subsequent-\\nly occupied by the French for sev-\\neral years. Machias Port lies 146\\nmiles E. N. E. from Augusta, ?nd\\n3 S. from Machias. Population,\\n1837, 821.\\nMailainiscontis River, Me.,\\nRises in a large pond, and emp-\\nties, from the N. W. into Penobscot\\nriver, about 45 miles above Ban-\\ngor.\\nMadaAvaslia River, Me.\\nThis river is in the county of Pe-\\nnobscot, and is the outlet of Temis-\\ncouata lake, and other large bodies\\nof water in the northern part of the\\ncounty bordering on the line of\\nLower Canada. This river and\\nthese lakes, with their numerous\\ntributaries, water a country of great\\nextent, and which is said to equal\\nany country in the world in fertili-\\nty, even the luxuriant prairies of the\\nboundless west. The course of\\nthese waters is N. W. and traverse a\\ndistance of more than 100 miles.\\nFrom the mouth of Madawaska in-\\nto the St. John s to Augusta is about\\n240 miles N. N. E.\\nMadawaska, Me.\\nWashington co. This town was\\nincorporated in lS31,and comprises\\nthe territory marked F. and K. on\\nGreenleaf s map. It is bounded E.\\nby the British Province of New\\nBrunswick, N. near the passage of\\nSt. John s, across the line of the\\nstate and W. and S. by a vast and\\nfertile territory between the Aroos-\\ntook and St. John s rivers at pres-\\nent but thinly inhabited. This town\\nwas the place where the land agents\\nof Maine were taken, by order of\\nthe British government, and impris-\\noned at Frederickton, N. B. In\\n1837, Madawaska was supposed to\\ncontain a population of 2,487. It\\nlies about 220 miles N. E. by N.\\nfrom Augusta, and 130 N. W. from\\nFrederickton, N. B.\\nMadlbiiry, N. H.,\\nStrafford co., is bounded N. E.\\nby Dover, S. W. by Durham and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0243.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nLee, N. W. by Barrington. The\\nsoil of this town is generally pro-\\nductive. In some parts of the town,\\nbog iron ore has been dug up in\\nconsiderable quantities, and in some\\ninstances red and yellow ochre.\\nBellamay bank river is the only\\nstream of any magnitude, and Bar-\\nbadoes pond the only considerable\\nbody of water. This pond lies be-\\ntween Dover and Madbury, and is\\n120 rods long, 50 wide. Madbury\\nformerly constituted a part of the\\nancient town of Dover; but was set\\noff and incorporated May 31, 1755,\\nby its present name. Population,\\nin 1S30, 510.\\nMadison, Me.\\nSomerset co. This township lies\\non the E. side of Kennebec river,\\n34 miles N. from Augusta and\\nbounded S. by Norridgewock. It\\nwas incorporated in 1804. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,272 1837, 1,608. It\\nis watered by a beautiful pond, the\\noutlet of which is at Skowhegan.\\nThere are three pleasant villages in\\nthe town the people are general-\\nly husbandmen. The best compli-\\nment that can be paid to the soil is,\\nthat it produced, without any extra-\\nordinary effort, 10,188 bushels of\\nwheat, in 1837.\\nMadison, \u00e2\u0082\u00act.\\nNew Haven co. This town was\\ntaken from Guilford in 1826. It lies\\non Long Island Sound, and embra-\\nces what is called Hammonasset\\nPoint. This town lies IS miles E.\\nby S. from New Haven, and 33 S.\\nfrom Hartford. Population, 1830,\\n1,809. The soil of the town is\\nstony, and naturally hard to culti-\\nvate but it is made quite produc-\\ntive of corn, rye and potatoes by the\\nuse of white fish, ploughed in.\\nThese fish appear in the sound about\\nthe 1st of June, and continue 3 or\\n4 months. They are taken in great\\nquantities and are considered an ex-\\ncellent manure. They were first\\nthus used about the year 1798.\\nAbout 10,000 of these fish are con-\\nsidered a good dressing for an acre\\nof land.\\nThis place has a small harbor and\\nsome navigation. Ship building is\\nthe most important mechanical pur-\\nsuit.\\nThe Hon. Thomas Chitteiv-\\nD^N, for many years governor of\\nVermont, and his brother Ebene-\\nZER Chitteivden, a gentleman\\nof great mechanical genius, were\\nnatives of this town. The former\\nwas born in 1730, and died in 1797.\\nThe following is the inscription\\non a monument in the grave yard,\\nin memory of an old sea captain.\\nThough Boreas blasts and Neptune s\\nwaves\\nHave toss d me to and fro,\\nIn spite of both by God s decree\\nI harbor here below,\\nWhere I do at anchor ride\\nWith many of our fleet j\\nYet once again I must set sail\\nOur Admiral, Christ, to meet.\\nMad Rivers.\\nMad River in JV. H., rises\\namong the mountains in the N. E.\\npart of Grafton county it crosses\\nthe S. E. part of Thornton and falls\\ninto the Pemigewasset at Campton.\\nMad River, Vt. A rapid stream,\\nrises in the high lands S. of War-\\nren, and after passing through\\nWaitsfield, it falls into Onion riv-\\ner at Moretown.\\nMadrid, Me.\\nFranklin co. This township was\\nincorporated in 1836. It is watered\\nby some of the head branches of\\nSandy river and contains a part of\\nSaddleback mountain. The soil is\\nexcellent and yielded, in 1837,\\n3,387 bushels of wheat. Popula-\\ntion same year, 351. It lies 25\\nmiles N. W, from Farmington and\\nabout 105 N. W. from Augusta.\\nMaduiiliccunk liiver. Me.\\nPenobscot co. A tributary of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0244.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe Penobscot on the W. side, about\\n6 miles above the Madamiscontis.\\nSlaidstoiie, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This mountainous\\ntownship lies on the W. side of\\nConnecticut rivei- it is watered by\\na pleasant pond and by Paul s\\nstream. It has some good land, but\\nmost of it is poor. First settled,\\n1770. Population, 1S30, 236. It\\nlies 54 miles N. E. from Montpelier,\\nand 8 N. from Guildhall\\nMAINE.\\nThis State was originally granted by James I. to the Plymoufh Compa-\\nny, in 1606, by whom it was transferred to Mason and Gorges in 1624\\nThis grant comprised all the territory between Merrimack river and Sa-\\ngadahock. The territory was afterwards purchased by Massachusetts for\\nd\u00c2\u00a3l,250, who obtained a confirmalioa of the charter in 1691, with the ad-\\ndition of the residue of Maine and Kova Scotia, including what is now\\ncalled the Province of New Brunswick.\\nThis state, formerly the District of Maine, became independent of\\nMassachusetts in 1S20. By the Constitution, the legislative power 13\\nvested in a Senate and House of Representatives, elected annually by\\nthe people, on the second Monday in September. The number of Sen-\\nators cannot be less than 20, nor more than 31. The number of Repre-\\nsentatives cannot be less tlian 100, nor more than 200. No town or city\\nIs entitled to more than seven Representatives.\\nThe executive power is vested in a Governor, who is chosen annually", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0245.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nby the people, on the second Monday in September His ofBcial term\\ncommences on the first Wednesday in Januar5^\\nThe Legislature meets at Augusta, on the first Wednesday in Janu-\\nary, annually, on which day seven Counsellors are elected, by joint bal-\\nlot of both Houses, to advise the Governor in his executive duties.\\nThe judicial power of the state is vested in a Supreme Judicial Court,\\nand such other courts as the Legislature may, from time to time, estab-\\nlish. The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Council, and hold\\ntheir oiilces during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 70 years.\\nThe state of Maine is bounded northv/est and north by Lower Canada,\\neast by New Brunswick, south by the Atlantic ocean, and west by New\\nHampshire. It is situated between 43\u00c2\u00b0 5 and 4S\u00c2\u00b0 3 N. lat. and 70\u00c2\u00b0\\n55 and 6Q^ 47 W. Ion. It contains an area of about 33,000 square railes.\\nThe surface of the state is diversified by hills and valleys. A tract on\\nthe west side cast of the white mountains, and a part of the north bound-\\nary is mountainous, though not of extraordinary elevations. The high-\\nest mountains lie in detached groups, but they are not numerous.\\nThe range of high land which crosses Vermont and New Hampsiiii-e,\\nenters the northwest corner of Maine, passing round Chaudiere river\\nand the head waters of Megantic lake, in Canada, and running nearly\\nparallel with the St. Lawrence river, at the distance of about twenty\\nmiles, terminates on tiie gulph of St. Lawrence, near Cape Rosier.\\nThis is the Height of Land or the North East Ridge, spoken of in\\nthe treaty of 1733, between Great Britain and the United States, and\\nwhich was never called in question until 1814, when the British pleni-\\npotentiaries at Ghent proposed to the American Commissioners to discuss\\nand revise the boundary, so as to prevent future uncertainty and dispute.\\nThey stated that they desired a direct com.municaiion between Quebe-c\\nand Halifax, and left it to the Americans to demand an equivalent. This\\nproposition was refused by the Americans, on the ground that there was\\nno question in regard to the limits of their territory. The disputed ter-\\nritory, so called, includes most of the country north of latitude 46\u00c2\u00b0, in-\\ncluding a part of New Hampshire, and most of that large and valuable\\nportion of ]Maine watered by the Madawaska, St. John s, Y/alloostook,\\nAroostook, and other rivers. This question involves nearlj a third part of\\nthe territory of the state.\\nIn the 2d article of that treaty are the follov/ing words Jlnd tJuit\\nall disputes which might arise in future, on the subject of boundaries\\nof the United Slates, may he prevented, it is hereby agreed and declar-\\ned that the following are, and shall be, their boundaries, viz t from the\\nnorthwest angle of A^ova Szotia, (New Brunswick) viz that angle\\nwhich is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0246.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nriver to the highlands along the said highlands which divide those riv-\\ners that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which\\nfall into the Atlantic ocean, to the northwesternmosthead of the Connec-\\nticut river.\\nOur commissioners at Ghent, having successfully resisted every attempt\\nfor the dismemberment of Maine, agreed upon an article with the British\\ncommissioners, not to revise or to change the ancient treaty boundary,\\nbut to run and estoblish upon the ground that very boundary, without\\nany alteration, and to ascertain the northwest angle of Nova Scotia;\\nits place of beginning. This article is the fifth in the treaty. Under it,\\neach party appointed^ a commissioner. These commissioners disagreed.\\nAccording to the treaty, the question was then referred to the King of the\\nNetherlands, as umpire, whose award was rejected by the United States,\\nbecause it did not even profess to decide the controversy according to the\\nterms af the submission, but proposed a compromise, by a division of the\\ndisputed territory between the parties. Great Britian has also since an-\\nnounced her abandonment of this award; and now, at the end of more\\nthan half a century after the conclusion of the treaty of 1783, the ques-\\ntion not only remains unsettled, but threatens to involve the two nations in\\na dangerous dispute.\\nThe northwest angle of Nova Scotia was a well known point, capa-\\nble of being easily ascertained, ever since the proclamation of 1763, by\\nsimply running a due north line from the source of the St. Croix, to in-\\ntersect the southern line of the Province of Quebec, which consists of\\nthe highlands running from the western extremity of the bay of Chaleur,\\nto the head of Connecticut river, and dividing those rivers that empty\\nthemselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall in o the\\nAtlantic ocean. It is certain as the laws of nature, that these highlands,\\nfrom tvhich we know that streams do flow in opposite directions, can be\\nfound on the face of the country.\\nThe whole argument of the British government rests upon the assump-\\ntion that the St. John s is not a river falling into the Atlantic ocean, be-\\ncause it has its mouth in the Bay of Fundy. What is the Bay of Fundy\\nif it be not a part of the Atlantic ocean A bay is a mere opening of\\nthe main ocean into the land-a mere interruption of the uniformity of\\nthe sea coast by an indentation of water. These portions of the ocean\\nhave received the name of bays, solely to distinguish them fi-om the\\nremainder of the vast deep to which they belong. Would it not be the\\nmerest special pleading to contend that the bay of Naples was not a por-\\ntion of the Mediterranean, or that the Bay of Biscay was not a part of\\nthe Atlantic ocean intn tK\u00c2\u00ab\u00c2\u00bb\\nAgain, the description of the treatv U. nvers which fall into the\\n20", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0247.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nAtlantic ocean. Can it be said, with any propriety, that a river does\\nnot fall into the Atlantic, because in reaching the main ocean it may\\npass through a bay And yet this is the British argument. The Dela-\\nware does not fall into the Atlantic, because it flows into it through the\\nbay of Delaware; and, for the same reason, the St. John s does not fall\\ninto the Atlantic, because it flows into it through the bay of Fundy.\\nIt is ardently wished that this perplexing controversy may soon be ami-\\ncably settled between two friendly powers, whose interests are so closely\\nunited. This will probably be the event. Maine is determined to vin-\\ndicate her rights, and the whole country stands ready to sustain them.\\nMaine is divided into the twelve following counties: York, Cumber-\\nland, Lincoln, Kennebec, Waldo, Hancock, Oxford, Somerset, Penobscot,\\nWashington, Franklin, and Piscataquis.\\nSuccession of Governors.\\nWilliam King, 1820. Albion K. Parris, 1821\u00e2\u0080\u00941825. E. Lincoln,\\n1826\u00e2\u0080\u00941829. Jonathan G. Hunton, 1830. Samuel E. Smith, 1831\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1833. Robert P. Dunlap, 1834\u00e2\u0080\u00941837. Edward Kent, 1838. John\\nFairfield, 1839\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSuccession of Chief Justices.\\nPrentiss Mellen, 1820\u00e2\u0080\u00941834. Nathan Weston, 18-34\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe soil of Maine is various. For some miles from the sea coast it is\\nrocky, sandy or clayey, with some fertile portions generally this is the\\nleast productive part of the state. Advancing into the interior, the soil\\nincreases in fertility. The average quality of the soil is considered to be\\nequal if not superior to any other portion of New England. In some\\nparts it is not exceeded in fertility by any section of the Union. Some\\nof the most fertile parts of Maine are now almost a wilderness.\\nThe ability of the soil of Maine to furnish an ample supply of bread\\nstuffs, was fully tested in 1837, by the production of more than a million\\nbushels of wheat, besides vast quantities of rye and corn.\\nThe natural productions in the state, already known to exist in ex-\\nhaustless quantities, are pine and hemlock timber granite, slate, lime,\\niron, and all the materials in the composition of glass. Of the first\\nreport of the learned and indefatigable Dr. Jackson, on the geology of\\nMaine, the celebrated professor Silliman thus speaks\\nMaine is a country chiefly of primary rocks, with a large division\\nof those of transition, and towards New Brunswick it has an important\\nregion of the lower secondary. Every where it has alluvial and diluvial\\ndeposits, and vast igneous formations, not only in tlie interior, but form-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0248.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEK.\\nin. a barrier against the oeean surge along a consnlerablo part of an \u00c2\u00abm\\nJnse sea coast, indented as it is by bays and estuar.es almost beyond\\nexample. Among the mineral formations of Mame, are granite, gneiss,\\nmier od talcose: and other slates, including roofing slate and alum\\ne- so, soaps one, limestone and marble, sandstones and brecc.ated\\niocks o many varieties; jasper, including the beautiful greenstone\\ntap and its varieties, and porphyry. The trap dykes are numerous and\\nexceedingly distinct: They c\u00c2\u00abt through most of the other rocks and pro-\\nduceu on them, most distinctly, those peculiar effects, which toad.-\\nmonst -ation prove their igneous origin. Scientific geology is gre tly\\nrdebtel o \u00c2\u00aby d lu\\nthi head while the diluvial deposits, the boulders and e d lu-\\n1 fur-ows n the rocks, the sea shells now adhering to and inherent in\\nrl-swhrd once formed the sea coast, although elevated twenty-six\\n;::ta:ove hoard. ..n spnng at Luhec, and many other topics\\noil,, niimtrate other parts of scientific geology.\\nd jac en irel/master of his subject, as wel, as of the in re^i\\nsciences of mineralogy and chemistry, and his report is remarkable for\\nitc, lucid clearness and its attractive style. j k\u00e2\u0080\u009e\\nThe great nvers, St. i.^cing the interior, give to the\\n^cn with their numerous tributaries piei^i 5 rrv^ooA\\nnvei^, aiA pvtpnt and usefulness.\\nthe state, afford a water P^ ^f :l\u00e2\u0080\u009eessful attempt to settle\\nThe celebrated John Sm th made an u\\nlfthr:.ls::rr rs Llttth! P,ymo:. co.ony, at V\u00e2\u0080\u009erk.\\n%rfirst settlers ;^^^-z::s^:i^\\nLir: ::2 ofCmerce, of\\nin. the soil for its ultimate staples, ^heat, beef, and wool\\nRe sister.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0249.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nMaiden, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. A bridge over\\nMystic river, 2,420 feet in length,\\nconnects this town with Charies-\\ntown. It lies 5 miles N. from Bos-\\nton, and 16 E, by S. from Concord.\\nFirst settled, 1648. Incorporated,\\n1649. Population, 1830, 2,010;\\n1837, 2,303. It contains a large\\nti-act of salt meadow, and consider-\\nable timber. The uplands are\\nrough and uneven. The manufac-\\ntures of Maiden consist of leather,\\nboots, shoes, block tin, tin ware\\ntwine, lasts, and manufactures of\\niron and dye-wood total amount,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1S37,\\n$351,160.\\nMancliester, N. 11.,\\nHillsborough co., lies on the east\\nside of Merrimack river, by which\\nit is bounded on the W. for 8 miles;\\non the N. and E. it is bounded by\\nChester, S. by Londonderry and\\nLitchfield. There are several\\nstreams which have their origin in\\nthis town, and which discharge\\nthemselves into the Merrimack.\\nCohass brook, issuing from Massa-\\nbesick pond, is the largest. It re-\\nceives two other small streams from\\nthe S., and empties itself at the S.\\nW. angle of the town. Massabe-\\nsick is a large pond, at the E. side\\nof the town, and partly within its\\nlimits. There are several smaller\\nponds.\\nThe soil of a considerable part of\\nthe town is light and sandy. The\\nintervales on the river are easy af\\ncultivation, and productive.\\nThe canal by Amoskeag falls is\\nin this town, and was projected and\\nconstructed by the ingenuity and\\nperseverance of the late Samuel\\nBlodget, Esq. At these falls are the\\nworks of the Amoskeag Manufac-\\nturing Company, where the founda-\\ntions of another Lowell are being\\nlaid. The water power is im-\\nmense.\\nThis town was formed of a part\\nof Londonderry, a part of Chester,\\nand a tract of land called Harry-\\ntown, and incorporated Sept. 3,\\n1751, by the name of Derryfield.\\nThis name it retained until 1810,\\nwhen it was changed to Manches-\\nter, by an act of the legislature.\\nThe venerable general Johivt\\nStark had his residence in this\\ntown, where he died May 8, 1322,\\nat the great age of 93 years 8 months\\nand 24 days. He was born at\\nLondonderry, August 28, 1723;\\nwas taken prisoner by the Indians,\\nwhile hunting near Baker s river,\\nin Rumney, April 23, 1752. In\\n1775, he was appointed a c-olonel of\\none of the three regiments raised\\nin New Hampshire was engaged\\non the heights of ChaHestown, June\\n17, 1775 was at the battle of Tren-\\nton, in 1776; captured Col. Baum\\nand 1,000 of the British at Benning-\\nton, August 16, 1777. This event,\\nin the language of president Jeffer-\\nson, was the first link in the chain\\nof successes which issued in the\\nsurrender of Saratoga. He was\\nsoon after appointed a brigadier-\\ngeneral of the United States army,\\nand, at the time of his death, was\\nthe only surviving American gen-\\neral officer of the revolution. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 887.\\nMancliester, Vt.\\nBennington co. One of the\\ncounty towns. Situated between\\nthe Green mountains on the E.,and\\nEquinox mountain on the W. The\\nlatter is 3,706 feet above the sea.\\nThere are two neat villages in this\\nvalley; the county buildings are\\nin the south village. The scene-\\nry here is very beautiful. The\\ntown is watered by the Battenkill\\nand its branches, and affords good\\nnull sites. The soil along the wa-\\nter courses is good, but the princi-\\npal part of the town is better for\\ngrazing than tillage. Here are\\nlarge quarries of beautiful marble,\\nsome manufactures, a curious cav-\\nern, and about 6,000 sheep. Man-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0250.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nChester lies 22 miles N. by E. from\\nBennington, and about 40 W. from\\nBellows Falls, across the moun-\\ntains. First settled, 1764. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,525.\\nManchester, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a flourishing\\nfishing town on Massachusetts bay,\\n26 miles N. E. from Boston, and 5\\nS. W. from Gloucester. It was\\ntaken from Salem in 1645. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,.346. There are a\\nnumber of vessels belonging to the\\ntown employed in the fishing and\\ncoasting business. The value of\\nthe fishery, the year ending April\\n1, 1837, amounted to $12,800. The\\nvalue of the articles manufactur-\\ned was $96,473. Those articles\\nconsisted of vessels, boots, shoes,\\nleather, chairs, cabinet ware, palm-\\nleaf hats, and ships wheels. The\\nvillage is very pleasant, and com-\\nmands fine prospects. Although\\nManchester is a rocky, rough\\ntownship, it can boast a rare native\\nproduction in this climate, the\\nmagnolia, a beautiful flowerirg\\ntree.\\nMaucliester, Ct.\\nHartford co. An important man-\\nufacturing town on the Hockanum,\\na valuable mill stream, 10 miles E.\\nfrom Hartford. The first cotton\\nmill in this state was built here in\\n1794. There are three pleasant\\nvillages, six or seven paper mills,\\ntvio powder mills, woolen and other\\nmanufactures. The face of the\\ntown is uneven, but the soil, a sandy\\n.ind gravelly loam, is quite produc-\\ntive. It was called Orford, a par-\\nish in East Hartford, until its incor-\\nporation, in 1823. Population,\\n1830, 1,576.\\nManliegin Island, Me.\\nThis island lies off Muscongus\\nbay, Lincoln county. There is a\\nlight-house on it, the tower of which\\nis 30 feet high. It bears S. from\\n20*\\nthe mouth of St. George s river,\\nabout 12 miles.\\nMansfield, Vt.\\nLamoille co. There is some\\ngood land in this town, on Brown s\\nriver and the branches of Water-\\nbury river, but in general it is too\\nmountainous even for grazing. It\\nlies 20 miles N. W. from Montpe-\\nlier, 20 E. by N. from Burlington,\\nand 13 S. W. from Hyde Park.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPopulation, 1830, 279. First set-\\ntled, 1799.\\nMansfield Mountains extend\\nthrough the town of Mansfield from\\nN.toS. They belong to the Green\\nmountain range, and the nose and\\nchin, so called, from their resem-\\nblance to the face of a man lying\\non his back, exhibits some of the\\nloftiest summits in the state. The\\nnose is 3,933 feet above tide water\\nthe chin, 4,279.\\nMansfield, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This town lies 26\\nmiles S. S. W. from Boston, 18 N.\\nE. from Providence, and 11 N. N.\\nW. from Taunton. It was taken\\nfrom Norton in 1770, and is watered\\nby several branches of Taunton riv-\\ner. The soil is thin and the sur-\\nface level. Population, 1837, 1,444.\\nThere are 6 cotton and 1 woolen\\nmills in the town, and 2 nail facto-\\nries. The manufactures consist of\\ncotton and woolen goods, nails,\\nstraw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and\\nbaskets total annual amount, about\\n$110,000.\\nA mine of anthracite coal was\\ndiscovered in this town a few years\\nsince, near the Boston and Provi-\\ndence rail road, Avhich promises to\\nbe of inestimable value to the com-\\nmunity. It was discovered in dig-\\nging a well. An incorporated com-\\npany has purchased the right of\\nmining on that and several adjoin-\\ning farms. They sunk a shaft which\\nstruck a vein five feet in thickness,\\nat the depth of 20 feet, running N.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0251.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nE. and S.W., and dipping to the N.\\nW. 52\u00c2\u00b0. The shaft was continued\\n44 feet further, to another vein,\\nwhich exceeded 5 feet in thickness,\\nand which afforded coal of a better\\nquaUty than that found above.\\nSubsequent operations have shown\\nthat the veins are numerous, and\\nthe quantity inexhaustible. The\\ncoal is of an excellent quality, more\\neasily broken than the Pennsylvani-\\nan, and has less polish on its surface.\\nMausfield, Ct.\\nTolland co. Mansfield, the In-\\ndian JYawhesetuck, was taken from\\nWindham in 1703. It lies 27 miles\\nE. from Hartford, 12 S. E. from Tol-\\nland, and 19 N. N. W. from Nor-\\nwich. Population, 1830, 2,661.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe face of the town is uneven, and\\nsome of the hills have considerable\\nelevation. The town is watered by\\nAVillimantic river, and the Nat-\\nchaug and its tributaries Mount\\nHope and Fenton.\\nA larger quantity of silk is man-\\nufactured here than in any other\\nplace in the United States. This\\nbranch o-f industry was introduced\\ninto the country by Dr. Aspinwall,\\nof this place, above seventy years\\nsince, who established the raising\\nof silk worms in New Haven, Long-\\nIsland and Philadelphia. At this pe-\\nriod half an ounce of mulberry seed\\nwas sent to every parish in Con-\\nnecticut, and the legislature for a\\ntime offered a bounty on mulberry\\ntrees and raw silk 265 lbs. were\\nraised in 1793, and the quantity has\\nbeen increasing ever since. In\\n1830, 3,200 lbs. were raised. Two\\nsmall silk factories have been es-\\ntablished in this town by an English\\nmanufacturer, with swifts for wind-\\ning hard silk 32 spindles for doub-\\nling seven dozens of spindles for\\nthrowing 32 spindles for soft silk\\nwinding and 2 broad and one fringe\\nsilk looms. There is machinery\\nenough to keep 30 broad silk looms\\nand fifty hands in operation. There\\nare in the town two cotton factories.\\nScrew augers and steelyards are\\nmanufactured here.\\nMarbleliead, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a noted fishing\\ntown, on a rocky point of land ex-\\ntending into Massachusetts bay,\\nwith a hardy and intrepid crew of\\nfishermen and sailors. The harbor\\nis commodious and easy of access.\\nThe quantity of fish exported from\\nthis place in 1794 amounted to\\n$184,532. Since that time the fish-\\ning business has greatly increased,\\nand this place has now become one\\nof the largest fishing ports on the\\nAmerican coast. There belong to\\nthis place from 90 to 100 sail of\\nfishing, coasting and merchant ves-\\nsels. Tonnage of the district, in\\n1837, 10,037. First settled, 1631.\\nIncorporated, 1649. Population,\\n1837, 5,549. It lies 14 miles N. E.\\nfrom Boston, and 4 S. E. from Sa-\\nlem. The value of the cod and\\nmackerel fishery the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, was $153,487; em-\\nploying 500 hands. The manufac-\\ntures of Marblehead, the same\\nyear, amounted to $398,565. The\\narticles manufactured consisted of\\nboots, shoes, bar iron, chairs, cabi-\\nnet and tin wares, vessels, soap,\\nglue, cards and wheels. This is a\\nromantic place nearly allied to its\\nneighbor, Nahant only 6 miles\\nacross the bay.\\nMargalla^vay River, K II.,\\nHas its source among the high-\\nlands which separate Maine from\\nLow^er Canada, in the N. E. ex-\\ntremity of New Hampshire, about\\n30 miles N. from Errol. After a S.\\ncourse of nearly 20 miles on the\\nwestern border of Maine, it enters\\nNew Hampshire at the S. E. part\\nof the 2d grant to Dartmouth col-\\nlege, where it forms a junction with\\nthe united streams of Dead and\\nDiamond rivers. Thence, after a S.\\ncourse of about 6 miles to Errol, it", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0252.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nreceives the waters of Umbagog\\nlake. After this junction the main\\nStream is the Androscoggin river.\\nMariaville, Me.\\nHancock co. This is a townsnip\\nof good land, finely located on the\\nE. side of Union river, 8 miles N. by\\nE. from Ellsworth, and 89 E. N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, This town has an\\nextensive water power and many\\nsaw mills. It was incorporated in\\n1836. Population, 1837, 257.\\nMarion, Me.\\nWashington co. This township\\nis bounded E. by Edmonds, and S.\\nby Whiting, Population, 245.\\nIncorporated, 1S34. See Down\\nEast.\\nMarlborongli, N. IT.,\\nCheshire co., is bounded N. by\\nRoxbury, E. by Dublin and Jaffrey,\\nS. by Troy, W. by Swanzey and\\npart of Keene. It is 6 miles S. E,\\nfrom Keene, and 55 S. W. from\\nConcord, There are several ponds\\nwhich are the sources of some of\\nthe branches of Ashuelot river.\\nThe soil is rocky, but good for graz-\\ning. Marlborough was granted,\\n1751. The first settlement com-\\nmenced about 1760. Incorporated\\nDec. 13, 1776. Population, in 1830,\\n822.\\nMarlboroiigli, Vt.\\nWindham co. First settled, 1763.\\nIt lies 8 miles S. from Newfane,\\nand 21 E. from Bennington, Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,218, Mrs. Whitte-\\nmore, the wife of one of the first\\nsettlers, spent the winter of 1764-5\\nin this then wilderness, alone, her\\nhusband being absent in the pursuit\\nof his calling, as a tinker. During\\nthis winter she saw no human be-\\ning, except her little daughter and\\nsome hunters who happened acci-\\ndentally to pass that way. She cut\\ndown timber and furnished browse\\nfor their cattle, and thus kept them\\nalire through the winter. Mrs. W.\\nwas very useful to the settlers, both\\nas a nurse and a midwife. She pos-\\nsessed a vigorous constitution, and\\nfrequently travelled through the\\nwoods upon snow shoes from one\\npart of the town to another, both by\\nnight and day, to relieve the dis-\\ntressed. She lived to the age of 87\\nyears, officiated as midwife at more\\nthan 2,000 births, and never lost a\\npatient.\\nThe town is well watered by the\\nW. branch of West river, Whet-\\nstone brook, and Green river. It\\nhas a good soil, and is very produc-\\ntive in wheat, rye, and other grain,\\nIruit and potatoes. Here is a pleas-\\nant village, several fine trout ponds,\\nvarious kinds of minerals and me-\\ndicinal springs. Marlborough suf-\\nfered some by the Indians, and did\\nmuch for the cause of independ-\\nence.\\nMarlljorougli, Mass.\\nINIiddlesex co. This is a large\\nfarming town, with a soil of great\\nfertility and undulating surface.\\nThe inhabitants are principally de-\\nvoted to agricultural pursuits, and\\nby their industry and skill, have ac-\\nquired a great degree of independ-\\nence. Among the productions of\\nthe town, are fat cattle, pork, fruit,\\nand all the varieties of the dairy a\\nlarge amount of which is annually\\nsent to Boston market. A branch\\nof Concord river, and a number of\\nbeautiful ponds, water the town.\\nThe manufactures consist of boots,\\nshoes, straw bonnets, leather, chairs\\nand cabinet ware annual amount,\\nabout $75,000. Marlborough, the\\nIndian Okamakamesit, was first\\nsettled in 1654. It was taken from\\nSudbury in 1660 it suffered much\\nduring the Indian wars, and was\\nfor many years the residence of a\\nnumber of Indians who had em-\\nbraced the christian religion. The\\nvillages are very pleasant the\\nrichness of the soil, and surround-\\ning scenery its excellent roads and\\nconvenient access to Boston by the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0253.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrail road, renders Marlborough a\\ndesirable residence. It is 2S miles\\nW. from Boston, 14 S. W. from Con-\\ncord, and 16 E. from Worcester.\\nPopulation, 1837, 2,039.\\nMarlborougH Ct\u00c2\u00ab\\nHartford co. Marlborough was\\ntaken from three towns which be-\\nlonged to three different counties,\\nin 1S03. It lies 14 miles S. E.\\nfrom Hartford. The surface of the\\ntown is hilly and stony, and the\\nlands best adapted for grazing. It\\nhas a cotton factory, a bed of black\\nlead, and a good fish pond. Dark\\nholloxv, in the western part of the\\ntown, presents some wild scenery\\nof more terror than beauty. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 704.\\nMarloYF, N. H.\\nCheshire co. It is 15 miles N.\\nfrom Keene, and 45 W. by S. from\\nConcord. Ashuelot river passes\\nthrough almost the whole length of\\nthe town. There are no ponds of\\nnote, nor any mountains. Marlow\\nwas chartered, 1761. Population,\\n1830, 645.\\nMarslifield, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town, con-\\ntaining 23,040 acres, was granted\\nto the Stockbridge Indians in 17S2,\\nand sold by them to Isaac Marsh,\\nin 1789, for \u00c2\u00a3140. A part of the\\nsoil is good and a part wet and slonj\\nThe town produces considerable\\nwool, and some cattle are reared\\nfor market. It has a pleasant pond,\\nand Onion river passes through it.\\nIt lies 12 miles N. E. from Mont-\\npelier. First settled, 1790. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,271.\\nMarslifield, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. A pleasant town\\non Massachusetts bay, 25 miles S.\\nE. from Boston, and 15 N. by W.\\nfrom Plymouth. It is watered by\\nNorth and South rivers, has a toler-\\nable harbor, and some navigation.\\nShip building is an important branch\\nof business in the town. Here are\\ntwo cotton mills, an air and cupola\\nfurnace, a nail factory, and manu-\\nfactures of cotton and satinet warp.\\nPeregrine White, the first Eng-\\nlish child born in New England,\\ndied here in 1704, aged 83. Incor-\\nporated, 1640. Population, 1837,\\n1,660.\\nMars Hill, Me.\\nThis celebrated mountain is situ-\\nated about a mile west from the east\\nboundary of the United States\\n200 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,\\nand 80 N. W. from Frederickton,\\nNew Brunswick.\\nThe British Queen seems desir-\\nous of annexing this portion of the\\nterritory of the United States to\\nher wide and fair possessions. This\\nnotion of the pretty maiden is alto-\\ngether preposterous when she has\\nmaturely considered the treaty made\\nby her grandfather and the United\\nStates, at Paris, in 1783, we trust\\nher good sense will deter her from\\nurging the claim.\\nThe approach to this mountain is\\ndifficult its sides are rugged, and\\nits summit bold. It has two spurs\\none of which is 1,506, the other\\n1,363 feet above the waters of\\nGoosequill river, in New Bruns-\\nwick.\\nMarslipee, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. An ancient In-\\ndian territory, and an incorporated\\ndistrict of 10,500 acres, or about 16\\nsquare miles. It lies 12 miles S.\\nE. from Barnstable, 8 S. S. E. from\\nSandwich, and 8E. from Falmouth.\\nIt is bounded on the S. by the ocean.\\nThere are 350 colored inhabitants\\non this territory, and some whites.\\nThere now remain only seven in-\\nhabitants, of pure blood of the ti th-\\ners of the forest. Their land is\\ngood for grain of all sorts, and is\\nwell wooded. The territory is pleas-\\nant, and some parts of it afford beau-\\ntiful scenery. The Marshpee and\\nQuashmet are considerable streams.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0254.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwhich, with numerous ponds and\\nthe ocean, afford an abundant sup-\\nply of tish of various kinds. These\\npeople live by agricultural pursuits,\\nthe manufacture of various articles\\nof Indian ware, by the sale of their\\nwood, and by fishing, fowling, and\\ntaking deer. They are docile and\\nhospitable they appear to relish\\nmoral and religious instruction and,\\nunder the superintendence of a hu-\\nmane and intelligent commissioner,\\nappointed by the state, they are\\nprosperous and happy. This is the\\nlargest remnant of all the tribes of\\nred men west of Penobscot river,\\nwho, 218 years ago, were fee sim-\\nple proprietors of the whole terri-\\ntory of New England!\\nMartlia s Vineyard, Mass.\\nThe principal of a cluster of isl-\\nands lying off and S. of Barnstable\\ncounty and Buzzard s bay, compris-\\ning the towns of Edgarton, Tisbu-\\nry and Chilmark. See Dukes\\ncounty.\\nMason, X. H.\\nHillsborough co. It is 15 miles\\nS. W. from Amherst, 43 S. S. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 50 N. W. from\\nBoston. The surface is uneven\\nthe hills are chiefly large swells,\\nwith narrow valleys between them.\\nThe streams are rapid. There are\\nno natural ponds. The principal\\nmeadows were formerly beaver\\nponds. Souhegan is the principal\\nstream, affording many fine mill\\nseats. The small streams run into\\nNashua river, and into Tanapus, or\\nPotanipo pond, in Brookline, The\\nsoil in the E. part is rather light.\\nThe W. part is mostly a strong deep\\nsoil, red or dark loam, but stony.\\nIt is good for grass and grain. In\\nMason village, on the Souhegan,\\nare cotton and woolen manufacto-\\nries, and other machinery. Mason\\nwas granted by charter, Aug. 26,\\n1768. It w^as formerly known by\\nthe name of JVo. 1. The first ef-\\nfort to settle this place was in 1751,\\nand the next year a permanent set-\\ntlement was made by Enoch Law-\\nrence, from Pepperell, Mass. Pop-\\nulation, in 1830, 1,433.\\nMassabesick Fond, N. II.\\nSee Chester.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0255.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND CiAZETTEER.\\nMASSACHUSETTS.\\nThis ancient commonwealtli, the mother of New England colonies, of\\nfree states, and of American liberty, was first permanently settled by\\nEuropeans, at Plymouth, on the 22d of December, 1620.\\nThe history of this state is deeply interesting it is interwoven with\\nevery political and moral event of important occurrence in the settle-\\nment and progress of the whole of North America, which preceded or\\nwas connected with the revolution of 1775.\\nThe name of this state probably arose from the name of a tribe of In-\\ndians formerly at Barnstable or from two Indian words Mos and IVe-\\ntuset the former signifying an Indian arrow s head, the latter, Hill.\\nIt is stated that the Sachem who governed in this region about the time\\nof the landing of our forefathers, lived on a hill in the form of an Indian\\narrow s head, a few miles south of Boston, and was called by the Indians\\nMoswetiiset.\\nMassachusetts is bounded east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic\\nocean. It has, exclusive of the island counties of Dukes and Nantuck-\\net, a sea-coast of about 250 miles. It is bounded south and west by the\\nstate of Rhode Island, about 68 miles south by the state of Connecticut,\\n87 miles west by the state of New Yoi-k, 50 miles north by the state of\\nVermont, 42 miles; and north by the state of New Hampshire, 87 miles.\\nIt lies between 41\u00c2\u00b0 31 and 42\u00c2\u00b0 53 N. lat., and 69\u00c2\u00b0 48 and 73\u00c2\u00b0 17 W. Ion.\\nfrom Greenwich. Its area is about 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0256.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe state comprises 14 counties, to wit: Barnstable, Berkshire, Bris-\\ntol, Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk,\\nNantucket, Plymouth, Suffolk, and Worcester.\\nThe legislative power of this State is vested in a Senate and House of\\nRepresentatives. The Senate consists of 40 members, and are chosen\\nby districts.\\nThe executive power is vested in a Governor, Lieutenant Governor,\\nand a Council of 9 members. The Council is elected b y the joint ballot\\nof the Senators and Representatives, from the Senators and in case the\\nCouncil thus elected or any of them decline, the deficiency is supplied\\nfrom among the people.\\nBy the Constitution as amended in 1837, each town or city, having 300\\nratable polls, at the last preceding decennial census of polls, may elect\\none representative and for every 450 ratable polls, in addition to the\\nfirst 300, one representative more.\\nAny town having less than 300 ratable polls, shall be represented\\ntlius The whole number of ratable polls, at the last preceding valua-\\ntion census of polls, shall be multiplied by 10, and the product divided by\\n300, and such town may elect one representative, as many years within\\nten years, as 300 is contained in the product aforesaid.\\nAny city or town, having ratable polls enough to elect one or more\\nrepresentatives, with any number of polls beyond the necessary number,\\nmay be represented as to that surplus number, by multiplying such sur-\\nplus number by 10, and dividing the product by 450; and such city or\\ntown may elect one additional representative, as many years within the\\nten years, as 450 is contained in the product aforesaid.\\nRepresentation.\\nJ^ umher of Representatives to which each town is entitled forlO years,\\nfrom 1837, according to the Constitution, as amended in 1837.\\nThe column in the following table marked tenths, show^s how many years in 10\\nthe respective towns are entitled to an additional Representative.\\nTowna.\\ni\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n1\\ns\\n6\\n9\\n8\\n8\\n8\\n4\\nTovms.\\n1\\n2\\nTovins.\\n1\\n1\\n1\\n4\\n8\\n7\\n3\\n7\\n8\\n3\\n6\\nBarnstable.\\nBarnstable,\\nBrewster,\\nChatham,\\nDennis,\\nEastham,\\nFalmouth,\\nHarwich,\\nOrleans,\\nProvincetovvn,\\nSandwich,\\nTrviro,\\nWeimeet,\\nYarmouth,\\nBerkshire.\\nAdams,\\n1\\n2\\nT\\n1\\n14\\n2\\n8\\n4\\n4\\n6\\n8\\n81\\nG\\nAlford,\\nBecket,\\nCheshire,\\nClarksburgh,\\nDalton,\\nKgremont,\\nFlorida,\\nG. Barrington,\\nHancock,", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0257.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nTovjns.\\n2\\ng\\nTovyns.\\nv.\\n2\\ns\\nTowns.\\n1\\n1j\\nj^\\nJ^\\nfi^\\n7\\nRi\\n5\\nft^\\nHinsdale,\\nDanvers,\\n3\\nChester,\\n1\\n1\\nLanesborough,\\nEssex,\\n1\\n1\\nGranville,\\n1\\n2\\nLee,\\n1\\n5\\nGeorgetown,\\nHolland,\\n4\\nLenox,\\n1\\nGloucester,\\n6\\nLongmeadow,\\n1\\nM t. Washington,\\nNew Ashford,\\n3\\nHamilton,\\nC\\nLudlow,\\n9\\n2\\nHaverhill,\\n3\\n4\\nMonson,\\n1\\n3\\nNew Marlboro\\n1\\n1\\nIpswich,\\n2\\nMontgomery,\\n4\\nOtis,\\n9\\nLynn,\\n6\\n2\\nPalmer,\\n1\\n3\\nPeru,\\n6\\nLynnfield,\\n6\\nRussell,\\n5\\nPittsfield,\\n2\\n4\\nManchester,\\n1\\n2\\nSouthwick,\\n1\\n1\\nRichmond,\\n7\\nMarblehead,\\n3\\n5\\nSpringfield,\\n5\\n7\\nSandisfield,\\n1\\n2\\nMethuen,\\n1\\n9\\nTolland,\\n5\\nSavoy,\\n7\\nMiddleton,\\n6\\nWales,\\n6\\nSheffield,\\n1\\n6\\nNewbury,\\no\\n4\\nWestfield,\\n2\\n1\\nStockbridge,\\n1\\n5\\nNewburyport,\\n3\\n9\\nW. Springfield,\\n2\\n2\\nTyring ham.\\n1\\nRowley,\\n2\\nWilbraham,\\n1\\n6\\nVVashington,\\nG\\nSalem,\\n8\\n5\\nW. Stockbridge,\\n1\\n1\\nSalisbury,\\n1\\n9\\n18\\nCO\\nWilliamstown,\\n1\\n4\\nSaugus,\\n1\\nWindsor,\\n7\\nTopsfield,\\n1\\nHampshire.\\nWenham,\\n7\\nAmherst,\\n1\\n7\\n16\\n134\\nWest Newbury,\\n1\\n3\\nBelchertown,\\n1\\n8\\nBristol.\\nChesterfield,\\n7\\nAttleborough,\\n2\\n1\\n53\\nIIG\\nCummington,\\n1\\nBerkley.\\n8\\nFranklin.\\nEasthampton,\\n5\\nDartmouth,\\n2\\n4\\nAshfield,\\n1\\n3\\nEnfield,\\n1\\nDighton,\\nI\\nBernardston,\\n7\\nGoshen,\\n6\\nEaston,\\n1\\n5\\nBuckland,\\n8\\nGranby,\\n8\\nFairhaven,\\n2\\n6\\nCharlemont,\\n9\\nGreenwich,\\n7\\nFall River,\\n3\\n6\\nColeraine,\\n1\\n4\\nHadley,\\n1\\n4\\nF reetown,\\n1\\n4\\nConway,\\n1\\n1\\nHatfield,\\n8\\nMansfield,\\n1\\nDeerfield,\\n1\\n4\\nMiddlefield,\\nG\\niNiew Bedford,\\n9\\nErving,\\nNorthampton,\\n2\\n4\\nNorton,\\n1\\n2\\nGill,\\n5\\nNorwich,\\n5\\nPawtucket,\\n1\\n5\\nGreenfield,\\n1\\n3\\nPelham,\\n7\\nRaynham,\\n1\\n2\\nHawley,\\n9\\nPlainfield,\\n7\\nRehoboth,\\n1\\n5\\nHeath,\\n6\\nPrescott,\\nG\\nSeekonk,\\n1\\n5\\nLeverett,\\n7\\nS. Hadley,\\n1\\nI\\nSomerset,\\n9\\nLeyden,\\n5\\nSouthampton,\\n1\\nSwanzey,\\n1\\n2\\nINIonroe,\\n1\\nWare,\\n1\\n6\\nTaunton,\\n4\\n9\\nMontague,\\n1\\nWesthampton,\\n7\\nWestport,\\n1\\n8\\nNew Salem,\\n1\\nWilliamsburgh,\\n1\\nNorthfield,\\n1\\n2\\nWorthington,\\n9\\n33\\n81\\nOrange,\\n1\\n2\\nDukes.\\nRowe,\\n6\\nu\\n117\\nChilmark,\\n7\\nSlielburne,\\n8\\nEdgartown,\\n1\\n4\\nShutesbury,\\n7\\nMiddlesex.\\nTisbury,\\n1\\n1\\nSunderland,\\n7\\nActon,\\n9\\nWarwick,\\n8\\nAshby,\\n1\\n2\\n12\\nWendell,\\n7\\nBedford,\\n8\\nEssex.\\nWhately,\\n9\\nBillerica,\\n1\\n1\\nAmesbury,\\n1\\n8\\nBoxborough,\\n3\\nAndover,\\n3\\nCl\\n9\\n128\\nBrighton,\\n1\\n2\\nBeverly,\\n3\\nHamtden.\\nBurlington,\\n6\\nBoxford,\\n8\\nBlaniord,\\n1\\nCambridge,\\n5\\nBradibrd,\\n1\\n5\\nBrimfield,\\n1\\n1\\nCarlisle,\\n5", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0258.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEP^\\nTowns.\\nej\\nTowtis.\\n1-\\nToioiis.\\n*5\\n0:\\nCharlestown,\\nG\\n3\\nMilton,\\n1\\n5\\nBerlin,\\n6\\nChelmsford,\\n4\\nNeedham,\\n1\\n1\\nBolton,\\nConcord,\\n4\\nQuincy,\\n2\\n5\\nBoylston,\\n7\\nDracut,\\n3\\n(Randolph,\\n2\\n3\\nBrookfield,\\n9\\nDunstable,\\n5\\nJRoxbury,\\n5\\nCharlton,\\n2\\n3\\nP ramingham,\\n9\\nSharon,\\n9\\nDana,\\n5\\nGroton,\\n5\\nStoughton,\\n1\\n6\\nDouglas,\\n3\\nHolliston,\\n5\\nWalpole,\\n1\\n2\\nDudley,\\n2\\nHopkinton,\\n7\\nWeymouth,\\n2\\n4\\nFitchburgh,\\n9\\nLexington,\\n3\\nWrentham,\\n1\\n8\\nGardner,\\n1\\nLincoln,\\n6\\nGrafton,\\n1\\nLittleton,\\n8\\n28\\n91\\nHardwick,\\n2\\nLowell,\\nHarvard,\\n2\\nMaiden,\\n9\\nNantucket.\\nHolden,\\n3\\nMarlborough,\\n5\\nNantucket,\\n6\\nHubbardston,\\n4\\nMedford,\\n7\\nLancaster,\\n3\\nNatick,\\n6\\nLeicester,\\n6\\nNewton,\\n2\\nPlymouth.\\nLeominster,\\n4\\nPepperell,\\n4\\nAbington,\\n2\\n2\\nLunenburgh,\\n9\\nReading,\\n8\\nBridgewater,\\n1\\n6\\nMendon,\\n5\\nSherburne,\\nCarver,\\n9\\nMilford,\\n3\\nShirley,\\n8\\nDuxbury,\\n2\\nMillbury,\\n8\\nSouth Reading,\\n3\\nE. Bridgewater,\\nT\\n6\\nNew Braintree,\\n7\\nStoneham,\\nHalifax,\\n7\\nNorthborough,\\n9\\nStow,\\nHanover,\\n1\\n1\\nNorthbrid^e,\\n1\\nSudbury,\\n1\\nHanson,\\n8\\nN. Brookfield,\\n3\\nTewksbury,\\n7\\niHingham,\\n2\\n4:\\nOakham,\\n9\\nTownsend,\\n2\\nHull,\\n1|\\nOxford,\\n7\\nTyngsborough,\\n8\\nKingston,\\n1\\n1;\\nPax ton,\\n6\\nWaltham,\\n6\\nMarshlield,\\n1\\n2\\nj Petersham,\\n3\\nWatertown,\\n4\\nMiddleborough,\\n3\\n4\\niPhillipston,\\n8\\nWay land,\\n7\\nN. Bridgewater,\\n1\\n8\\nPrinceton,\\nW. Cambridge,\\n2\\nPembroke,\\n1\\nRoyalston,\\n2\\nWestford,\\nPlymouth,\\n3\\n3\\nRutland,\\nWeston,\\nPlympton,\\n7\\nShrewsbury,\\n3\\nWilmington,\\n7\\nRochester,\\n2\\n3\\nSouthborough,\\nWoburn,\\n2\\n1\\nScituate,\\n2\\n6\\nSouthbridge,\\n4\\nWai-eham,\\n1\\n7\\nSpencer,\\n2\\n52\\n187\\nW. Bridgewater,\\n__\\n9\\nSterling,\\nSturbridge,\\n2\\n5\\nNorfolk.\\n24\\n93\\nSutton,\\n8\\nBellingham,\\n1\\nTempleton,\\n4\\nBraintree,\\n1\\n8\\nSuffolk.\\nUpton,\\n2\\nBrookline,\\n1\\nBoston,\\n56\\n6\\nUxbridge,\\n7\\nCanton,\\n1\\n7\\nChelsea,\\n1\\n5\\nWarren,\\nCohasset,\\n1\\nWebster,\\n9\\nDedham,\\n2\\n6\\n37\\n11\\nWestborough,\\n3\\nDorchester,\\n2\\n7\\nW. Boylston,\\n1\\nDover,\\n4\\nWorcester.\\nWestininster,\\nS\\nFoxborough,\\n1\\n1\\nAshburnham,\\n1\\n4\\nWinchendon,\\n3\\nFranklin,\\n1\\n3\\nAthol,\\n1\\n2\\nWorcester.\\n5\\n2|\\nMedfield,\\n7\\nAuburn,\\n1\\n5\\n52228\\nMedway,\\n1\\n5\\nBarre,\\n1\\n9\\nThe whole number of towns in the state may send 375 Representatives every\\nyear, without counting the fractions. The fractions give an annual increase,\\non an average of 10 years of 133 and 9-lOths making the average number of\\nRepresentatives for the next 10 years, 606 9-lOths.\\n21", "height": "3379", "width": "2011", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0259.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Senators, and Representatives,\\nare chosen annually by the people, on the 2d Monday of November, and\\nmeet at Boston on the 1st Wednesday of January.\\nThe Judiciary power is vested in a Supreme Court, a Court of Com-\\nmon Pleas, and such other courts as the Legislature may, from time to\\ntime, establish. The Judges are appointed by the Governor and Coun-\\ncil, and hold their offices during good behavior.\\nSuccession of Governors.\\nJohn Hancock, 17S0\u00e2\u0080\u0094 17S4. James Bowdoin, 1785, 1786. John\\nHancock, 1737 1793. Samuel Adams, 1794 1796. Increase Sumner,\\n1797\u00e2\u0080\u00941799. Caleb Strong, 1800, 1306. James Sullivan, 1807, 1808.\\nChristopher Gore, 1809. Elbridge Gerry, 1810, 1811. Caleb Strong,\\n1812\u00e2\u0080\u00941815. John Brooks, 1816\u00e2\u0080\u00941822. William Eustis, 1823, 1824.\\nLevi Lincoln, 1825\u00e2\u0080\u00941833. John Davis, 1834, 1835. Edward Everett,\\n1835\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSuccession of Chief Justices of the Supreme Judicial Court.\\nWilliam Cushing, 1776\u00e2\u0080\u00941789. Nathaniel Peaslee Sargent, 1789\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1791. Francis Dana, 1791\u00e2\u0080\u00941806. Theophilus Parsons, 1806\u00e2\u0080\u00941814.\\nSamuel Sewall, 1814. Isaac Parker, 1814\u00e2\u0080\u00941830. Lemuel Shaw,\\n1830-\\nThe foundation of a school fund was laid by legislative enactment, in\\n1834, by appropriating all moneys remaining in the treasury on the 1st\\nday of January, 1835, arising from the sale of public lands, and from pay-\\nments made to this commonwealth by the United States, on account of the\\nclaim for military services and disbursements during the late war, to-\\ngether with one half of all future proceeds of the sales of public lands,\\nas a permanent fund for the encouragement and support of common\\nschools, which fund is never to exceed one million of dollars.\\nA trigonometrical and astronomical survey of the state, by order of the\\ngeneral court, for the purpose of a new map, was commenced in 1830,\\nand will soon be completed. Surveys of the mineralogy, botany, zoolo-\\ngy, and agriculture of the state have been commenced some favorable\\nreports have been made, and the researches of scientific men are con-\\ntinued, and promise great public usefulness.\\nThe surface of the state is generally undulating. The most level\\nparts are found in the counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol.\\nThe Green and Taughkannic ranges of mountains pass through the west-\\nern counties, but in few places are they remarkable for their elevation.\\nThe soil of the state is well adapted to the growth of all the grasses,\\ngrains, fruits and vegetables common to a temperate climate. In no part", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0260.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof our country is agriculture more honored, or better understood and re-\\nwarded.\\nThe resources of Massachusetts in its commerce, navigation, manufac-\\ntures and fisheries are immense they are stated under the counties and\\ntowns, and will be given summarily, with other statistics of New Eng-\\nland, in the Register.\\nAlthough Massachusetts cannot boast of her navigable rivers and ca-\\nnals, to facilitate the commerce of her capital yet she can boast of the\\nmost beautiful bay on the map of the western world of her noble\\nstreams for water power; of her luxuriant vales, of her granite hills, of\\nher ships, and the material for building them and of her gallant sailors\\nwho traverse every sea, and who well understand the uses of the hook,\\nharpoon and cannon.\\nMassachusetts Bay.\\nThe whole of this bay is within\\nthe limits of Massachusetts. The\\nexterior bounds of this celebrated\\nbay are Capes Cod and Ann. The\\nformer is in N. lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 6 and W.\\nlong. 70\u00c2\u00b0 7 The latter in N. lat.\\n42\u00c2\u00b0 45 and W. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 17 Cape\\nAnn bears from Cape Cod, N. N.\\nW., about 40 miles.\\nThe length of this bay is about\\nG2 miles, from N. W. to S. E. its\\nbreadth is about 2.5 miles. Numer-\\nous bays and rivers of various sizes\\nset in from this bay, and its whole\\ncoast is lined with commodious\\nharbors, and pleasant commercial\\ntowns.\\nThis bay is noted for its delight-\\nful scenery, and as containing the\\nfirst settlements of the Pilgrim\\nFathers of New England.\\nMata^vamlceag River, Me.\\nThis is one of the most important\\ntributaries to the Penobscot. It\\nunites with that river at the Indian\\ntownship from the E., about 60 miles\\nN. by E. above Bangor.\\nMatawamkcag Plantation, on\\nthis river, lies 128 miles N. E. from\\nAugusta.\\n3Iatiiiicus Islands, Mo.\\nA cluster of islands at the en-\\ntrance of Penobscot bay. The\\nprincipal, or Marshall s island, is a\\nplantation attached to the county of\\nHancock. The light on Matinicus\\nbears about S. by E. from Thomas-\\nton, 15 miles.\\nMaxfield, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1824. It is water-\\ned by Piscataquis river and Seboois\\nstream. It lies HI miles N. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 25 E. by N.\\nfrom Dover. Population, 1837, 215\\nWheat crop, same year, 1,304 bush-\\nels.\\nMayfield, Me.\\nSomerset co. On the E. side of\\nKennebec river and about 10 miles\\nfrom it. It is 58 miles N. from\\nAugusta, and about 29 N. by E.\\nfrom Norridgewock. Incorporated,\\n1836. Population, 1837, 224.\\nMedfield, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town is water-\\ned by Charles and Stop rivers. It\\nis 17 miles S. S. W. from Boston,\\nand 8 S. by W. from Dedham.\\nDuring the year ending April I,\\n1837, there were manufactured at\\nMedtield, 124,000 straw bonnets,\\nthe value of which was $135,000.\\nThere are also manufactures of", "height": "3368", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0261.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nboots, shoes, leather, cutlery, and\\nbrushes. Medfield was taken from\\nDedham, in 1651.\\nDuring king Philip s war, in\\n1765, the town was burnt, and ma-\\nny of the inhabitants murdered by\\nthe Narragansets. Philip rode on\\nan elegant horse, and directed the\\nmassacre. Population, 1837, 899.\\nMcdford; Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This beautiful\\ntown is situated at the head of nav-\\nigation on Mystic river, 5 miles N.\\nW. from Boston, and 14 E.by S. from\\nConcord. The Boston and Lowell\\nrail-road, and Middlesex canal pass\\nthrough the town. The finest ships\\nthat float on the ocean, are built\\nhere during the five years preced-\\ning April 1, 1837, sixty vessels\\nwere built, the tonnage of which\\nwas 24,195 tons value $1,112,970.\\nThere are also manufactures of\\nleather, spirits, linseed oil, bricks,\\nboots, shoes, ploughs, hats and hat\\nbodies. The soil of the town is\\nvery fertile, and in a high state of\\ncultivation. The business of the\\ntown is much associated with the\\ncity, and many delightful country\\nseats are scattered over and deco-\\nrate the grounds improved as a farm\\nby Governor Winthrop in 1633.\\nWinter Hill, memorable as the\\nplace of encampment of General\\nBurgoyne and his army, after their\\ncapture at Saratoga, is in this town.\\nIt is 125 feet above tide water, and\\npresents a view of great extent and\\nbeauty. Medford was incorporated\\nin 1630. Population, 1830, 1,755;\\n1837, 2,072.\\nIn the old burying ground, a beau-\\ntiful granite monument is erected,\\nbearing the following inscription\\nSacred to the memory of\\nJOHN BROOKS,\\nWh6 was born in Medford, in the\\nmonth ot May, 1752, and educated at\\nthe Town School. He took up arms\\nfor his country on the 19th April,\\n1775. He commanded the regiment\\nwhich first entered the enemy s lines\\nat Saratoga, and served with honor to\\nthe close of the war. He was ap\\npointed Marshal of the District of\\nMassachusetts by President Washing-\\nton, and after filling several important\\ncivil and military offices, he was in the\\nyear 18J6, chosen Governor of the\\nCommonwealth and discharged the\\nduties of that station for seven sue\\ncessive years, to general acceptance\\nHe was a kind and skilful physician, a\\nbrave and prudent officer, a wise, firm,\\nand impartial magistrate, a true patri-\\not, a good citizen, and a faithful friend.\\nIn manners he was a gentleman, in\\nmorals pure, and in profession and\\npractice a consistant Christian. He\\ndeparted this life in peace on the first of\\nMarch, 1825, aged 73. This monu-\\nment to his honored memory was\\nerected by several of his fellew citi-\\nzens and friends in the year 1838.\\nMed-*vay, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Medway was taken\\nfrom Medfield, in 1713. Charle3\\nriver affords this town an excellent\\nwater power. There are 6 cotton,\\nand 2 woolen mills in the town, 2\\ncotton wadding factories, and a bell\\nfoundry. The manufactures of cot-\\nton and woolen goods, boots, shoes,\\nscythes, chairs, cabinet ware,\\nploughs, cotton wadding, and straw\\nbonnet?, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, amounted to $330,630. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,050. Medway lies\\n22 miles S. W. from Boston, and 12\\nS. W. from Dedham.\\nMe\u00c2\u00a7^uuticook River and Fond.\\nThis river rises in a pond of the\\nsame name, in Lincolnville, Waldo\\ncounty. The pond is about 9 miles\\nin length, crooked and very hand-\\nsome. It affords an excellent mill\\nstream, which falls into Penobscot\\nbay at Camden.\\nMempliremagog Liake, Vt.\\nThis lake is about 30 miles in\\nlength, and two or three miles in\\nwidth. About seven miles of it lies\\nin the county of Orleans, the resi-\\ndue in Canada. It receives the wa-\\nters of Barton, Black, Clyde and\\nother smaller streams in Vermont,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0262.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand discharges into the St. Francis,\\nin Canada. On an island in this\\nlake is a quarry of JYovaculite, or\\nthe Magog Oil Stone. This ma-\\nterial is transported and manufac-\\ntured. See Burke, Vt.\\nMenaii Islands.\\nGrand Menan helongs to the\\nBritish, and lies off the mouth of\\nSt. Croix river, and Passamaquoddy\\nbay. It is 16 miles in length, and\\nits average breadth is about 5. On\\nthe south side are a number of isl-\\nands, and several small harbors.\\nThe inhabitants are principally fish-\\nei men.\\nLittle Menan, or Petit Menan,\\nin Washington county, Me. lies off\\nthe harbors of Goldsborough and\\nSteuben. It has a light house, with\\na tower 25 feet in height. It lies\\nabout 3 miles S. S. E. from Golds-\\nborough harbor.\\nMeiidon, Vt.\\nRutland CO. This was formerly\\ncalled Parkerstown,and lies 47 miles\\nS. S. W. from Montpelier, and S E.\\nfrom Rutland. There is some good\\nland in the town, but it is generally\\ntoo high up the Green mountains for\\ncultivation. Population, 1S30, 432.\\nMendoii, Mass.\\nWorcester co. The Indian name\\nof this town was Quanshipauge.\\nIt was first settled by people from\\nRoxbury, about the year 1647. In-\\ncorporated, 1667. Mendon is a\\ntownship of variegated surface, ex-\\ncellent soil, and in a good state ot\\ncultivation. The products of the\\ndairy are large and valuable.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBlackstone river and canal pass its\\nsouthwestern border, and Mill river\\ntraverses its whole extent. These\\nstreams afford an excellent hydrau-\\nlic power. There are 8 cotton and\\n4 woolen mills in the town, and\\nmanufactures of boots, shoes, iron\\ncastings, scythes, ploughs straw\\nbonnets, palm-leaf hats, machinery,\\nwagons and harnesses total value,\\n21*\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$629,282. This very pleasant and\\nflourishing town lies 32 miles S. W.\\nfrom Boston, 18 S. E. from Worces-\\nter and 22 N. from Providence.\\nPopulation,lS30, 3,153; 1837, 3,657.\\nMercer, Me.\\nSomerset co. Mercer has a fine\\nsoil, and is watered by a beautiful\\npond. It lies 32 miles N. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 6 S. W. from\\nNorridgewock. Incorporated, 1804.\\nThe village near the pond is beau\\ntifully located. Wheat crop, 1837,\\n6,863 bushels. Population, same\\nyear, 1,525.\\nMeredith, N. H.,\\nStrafford co., is bounded N. by\\nCentre Harbor and Winnepisiogee\\nlake, N. E. and E. by said lake and\\nriver, S. E. by Great bay, S. and S.\\nW. by Sanbornton, W. and N. W. by\\nNew Hampton and Centre Harbor.\\nThis town was incorporated, in\\n1767, and was first called J\\\\ eu) Sa-\\nlem. It lies 29 miles N. from Con-\\ncord, and 8 N. W. from Gilford.\\nThere is in this town a pond adjoin-\\ning Centre Harbor, about 2 miles\\nloner and one wide, emptying into\\nthe lake, near the village; be-\\nsides this there are several smaller\\nponds. There is probably no town\\nin the country more pleasantly and\\nadvanta2;eouslv situated, or of a bet-\\nter soil, than Meredith. The wa-\\nters of the Winnepisiogee washing\\nthe boundaries of a great part of the\\ntown, convey many heavy mercan-\\ntile articles to and from almost the\\ndoors of several of the inhabitants\\nin the summer and in the winter,\\nthe ice serves as a level and easy\\nroad. Near the upper or N. w.\\npart of the town, the traveler pass-\\nino- along the road, is presented\\nwi^th a very beautiful landscape. On\\nthe E. and S. E. the placid Winne-\\npisiogee, the largest lake in New\\nHampshire, with its numerous liJ-\\nands, arrests the eye, and bounds\\nthe circle of vision in a b. i^. ui-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0263.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrection. On the N. E., Ossipee\\nmountain rises boldly to view. On\\nthe N., the prospect is intercepted\\nby Red Hill, a pleasant and noted\\neminence in Moultonborough, only\\na few miles distant. At Meredith\\nBridge is a handsome and flourish-\\ning village, and the seat of much\\nbusiness. Here are 2 cotton mills,\\nan extensive tannery, oil mill, c.,\\nin another village are also some im-\\nportant manufactures. The water\\npower of Meredith is immense.\\nIt is connected with the principal\\nvillage of Gilford by a bridge over\\nthe Wirinepisiogee.\\nHon. Ebejvezer Smith, moved\\ninto this town at an early period of\\nits settlement, and was as a father to\\nthe new settlers for many years.\\nHe died Aug. 22, 1807, aged 73.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 2,683.\\nMeriden, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This hilly and\\nsomewhat mountainous township\\nhas, in general, a fertile soil, and is\\nwatered by Quinnepiac river. It\\nlies 17 miles S. E. from Hartford,\\nand 17 N. W. from New Haven.\\nIt was formerly a part of Walling-\\nford, and incorporated in 1806.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,708.\\nThis is one of the most flourish-\\ning and enterprising manufacturing\\ntowns in the state. There is a con-\\nsiderable variety of manufactures\\nhere, forming the chief employment\\nof the inhabitants. The following\\nis a list of the manufactories, viz\\n2 for patent augers and auger bits,\\n3 for ivory combs, 6 for tin ware, 4\\nfor Britannia ware, 2 iron foundries,\\n1 manufactory for coffee mills, 1 for\\nclocks, 1 for Norfolk door latches, 3\\nfor block tin spoons, 1 for wood\\ncombs, 1 for skates and iron rakes,\\nand 1 for gridirons. The value\\nof articles manufactured yearly, has\\nbeen estimated from 800,000 to\\n1,000,000 of dollars.\\nAbout thirty years since a road\\nwas constructed from the north-\\nwestern part of Meriden to Berlin,\\nthrough a narrow and romantic\\nglen, between two ridges of the\\nBlue mountains this pass, which\\nis more than a mile in extent, is\\ncalled the Cat Hole. In some parts\\nof this glen there is but barely room\\nfor a path small angular fragments\\nof rocks rise on each side, at about\\nan angle of forty five degrees\\nthese rocks have been beaten down\\nand covered with earth, which must\\nhave been brought here for the\\npurpose. A few yards south of this\\nplace, elevated perpendicular rocks\\nappear on the left, one of which has\\nvery much tlie appearance of a pro-\\nfile of the human face, and it is\\nthought by some to resemble in a\\nslight degree the profile of Wash-\\nington. Following the foot of the\\nmountain on the right, for about a\\nmile, you will find large pieces of\\nrocks lying upon each other in great\\ndisorder, which have evidently fal-\\nlen from the precipitous heights\\nabove. Underneath these rocks ice\\nmay be found in almost every month\\nin the year. A spring issues from\\nbetween them, called the Cold\\nSpring, and is a place of resort for\\nparties in summer.\\nMerrixiiaclc River, N. II.,\\nOne of the principal rivers of\\nNew England, is formed of two\\nbranches. The N. branch called\\nPemigewasset, rises near the Notch\\nof the White mountains, and passes\\nsouthwardly through the corner of\\nFranconia, Lincoln, Peeling, Thorn-\\nton and Carapton, forming the bound-\\nary between Plymouth and Holder-\\nness, and also the boundary line be-\\ntween the counties of Strafford and\\nGrafton from the S. corner of Hol-\\nderness to near its junction with the\\nWinnepisiogee. It receives several\\nconsiderable branches in its course;\\nMad river in Campton, Baker s in\\nPlymouth and streams flowing\\nfrom Squam and Newfound lakes,\\nwith numerous small tributaries.\\nThe E. branch is the Winnepisio-\\ngee, through which pass the waters", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0264.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof the lake of that name. The de-\\nscent of this branch from the lake to\\nits junction with the Pemigewasset,\\nis 232 feet. The confluent stream\\nbears the name of Merrimack, and\\npursues a S. coui-se, 78 miles, to\\nChelmsford, Mass. thence an E.\\ncourse, 35 miles, to the sea at Nevv-\\nburyport. On the N. line of Con-\\ncord, the Contoocook discharges its\\nwaters into the Merrimack. The\\nSoucook becomes a tributary in\\nPembroke, and the Suncook be-\\ntween Pembroke and Allenstown.\\nThe Piscataquog unites in Bedford\\nthe Souhegan in Merrimack, and a\\nbeautiful river called Nashua in\\nNashua. The principal tributaries\\nare on the W. side of the river,\\nmostly rising in the highlands be-\\ntween the Connecticut and Merri-\\nmack. There are numerous falls\\nin this river, the most noted of\\nwhich are Garven s, in Concord,\\nthe falls in Hooksett, and Amos-\\nkeag in Goffstown and Manchester.\\nThese falls are all rendered passa-\\nble by locks, and boat navigation\\nhas for several years been extended\\nas far as Concord. There are sev-\\neral bridges over the Merrimack,\\nand its principal branches, besides\\na number of ferries. The Merri-\\nmack, whose fountains are nearly\\non a level with the Connecticut,\\nbeing much shorter in its course,\\nhas a far more rapid descent to the\\nsea than the latter river. Hence the\\nintervales on its borders are less ex-\\ntensive, and the scenery less beau-\\ntiful, than on the Connecticut. It\\nis, however, a majestic river its\\nwaters are generally pure and heal-\\nthy and on its borders are situated\\nsome of the most flourishing towns\\nin the state. The name of this riv-\\ner was originally written Merra-\\nmacke and Monnoniake, which in\\nthe Indian language signified a\\nsturgeon. Its width varies from 50\\nto 120 rods and at its mouth it pre-\\nsents a beautiful sheet of half a\\nmile in width.\\nMerrimack County, X. H.\\nConcord is the county town.\\nThe county of Merrimack is bound-\\ned N. E. by the county of Straf-\\nford, S. E. by the county of Rock-\\ningham, S. W. by the county of\\nHillsborough, and N. W. by the\\ncounties of Sullivan and Grafton.\\nIts greatest length is 38 miles\\nits breadth at the broadest part is\\n26 miles. It contains an area of\\n506,000 acres. The surface is un-\\neven, and in some parts rugged\\nand mountainous; but its general\\nfertility, is perhaps equal to either\\nof the other counties in the state.\\nIn the towns of Hopkinton, Henni-\\nker, Boscawen, Salisbury, Canter-\\nbury, Concord, c., are seen many\\nextensive and well cultivated farms.\\nThe northerly part of the county is\\nrough and mountainous. Kearsarge\\nis the highest mountain, its summit\\nbeing 2,461 feet above the level of\\nthe sea. It is composed of a range\\nof hills, running north and south\\nabout six miles its general aspect\\nis rugged and craggy, excepting\\nwhen its roughness is shaded by\\nthe woody covering that darkens its\\nsides. The Ragged mountains, so\\ncalled, from their appearance, lie\\nnortheast of Kearsarge, and be-\\ntween Andover a-nd Hill. These\\nare nearly 2,000 feet high at the\\nnorth points of the range. Bear s\\nHill, in Northfield, Sunapee moun-\\ntain, in Newbury, Catamount, in\\nPittsfield, and the peak in Hook-\\nsett, are the other most considerable\\nelevations. A part of lake Suna-\\npee lies in Newbury and there\\nare numerous ponds interspersed\\nthroughout the whole territory.\\nThe Merrimack river meanders\\nthrough nearly the centre of the\\ncounty, and forms the boundary\\nsome distance at the northeastern\\npart. It receives from the west the\\nBlackwater and Contoocook rivers,\\nand from the east, Soucook and Sun-\\ncook, and other smaller streams.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0265.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThis county was constituted by\\nan act of the legislature, 1 July,\\n1S23 being taken from the coun-\\nties of Rockingham and Hillsbo-\\nborough, ten towns being separated\\nfrom the former, and thirteen from\\nthe latter. Population, 1820, 32,-\\n843; 1830, 34,619. Twenty four\\ntowns, 44 inhabitants to a square\\nmile. In 1837, there were 66,152\\nsheep in this county\\nMerrimaclc, N. 11.,\\nHillsborough co., is bounded N.\\nby Bedford, E. by Litchfield, S. by\\nNashua, and W. by Amherst.\\nIt is 6 miles S. E, from Amherst,\\nand 27 S. from Concord. Merri-\\nmack river waters its E. border\\nthrough its whole extent, opening\\na communication by water from\\nthis place to Boston. Souhegan en-\\nters this town from Amherst, pur-\\nsues a winding course to the Mer-\\nrimack, where it discharges itself\\none mile above Thornton s ferry.\\nThere are fine water privileges on\\nthis stream. Babboosuck brook,\\nissuing from Babboosuck pond in\\nAmherst, empties into Souhegan\\nriver, and Penichook brook from a\\npond in Hollis, forms the southern\\nboundary. The soil in various pla-\\nces is very fertile, but a considera-\\nble portion of the land is plain.\\nThere are some fine intervales on\\nthe Merrimack. Some of the best\\nand most extensive water privileges\\nthe county affords, about 1 1-2 mile\\nfrom the Merrimack, on Souhegan\\nriver, lie unimproved.\\nThis town claims the first discove-\\nry in this region of making what\\nare called leghorn bonnets. They\\nwere first made several years since,\\nby the Misses Burnaps. Some of\\ntheir bonnets were sold at auction\\nin Boston for $50.\\nThis town was formerly called\\nSouhegan East. It was incorpo-\\nrated, 1746, having been settled\\nabout 13 years.\\nThe first house in this town was\\nerected on the margin of the river\\nfor a house of traffic with the In-\\ndians. For some time one Crom-\\nwell carried on a lucrative trade\\nwith the Indians, weighing their\\nfurs with his foot, till, enraged at\\nhis supposed or real deception,\\nthey formed the resolution to mur-\\nder him. This intention was com-\\nmunicated to Cromwell, who buried\\nhis wealth and made his escape.\\nWithin a few hours after his flight,\\na party of the Penacook tribe arriv-\\ned, and not finding the object of\\ntheir resentment, they burnt his\\nhabitation.\\nHon. Matthew Thorntojv,\\none of the signers of the Declara-\\ntion of American Independence,\\nresided many years in this town.\\nHe died in 1803, at the age of 89.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,191.\\nMerrymeetiiig Bays.\\nJHerry meeting Bay, in Maine, is\\nat the junction of the Androscoggin\\nwith the Kennebec, about 5 miles\\nabove Bath. It is a large expanse\\nof water, and contains Swan and\\nother islands. The passage thiough\\nthis bay, of 10 or 12 miles in length,\\nis delightful.\\nMerrymeeting Bay, in New\\nHampshire, is an arm of Winne-\\npisiogee lake, extending about 1,800\\nrods into the town of Alton, and is\\n27 miles from the navigable waters\\nof Piscataqua river.\\nMetliiieii, Mass.\\nEssex CO. In this town is a beau-\\ntiful water fall of 30 feet, on Spick-\\net river, which furnishes an excel-\\nlent hydraulic power. Methuen\\nlies on the N. bank of Merrimack\\nriver, and is 25 miles N. by W. from\\nBoston, and 20 N. W. by N. from\\nSalem. It was taken from Haver-\\nhill in 1725. Population, 1830,\\n2,011; 1837, 2,463. There are 2\\ncotton, and 2 paper mills in the\\ntown, and manufactures of leather,\\nshoes, hats, ploughs, segars, essen-\\nces, chaises, harnesses, chairs, tin\\nand cabinet wares, and piano-forte", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0266.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nframes value, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, $462,525. An ex-\\ncellent bed of peat has recently\\nbeen discovered. It is 14 feet in\\ndepth, and very extensive. The\\nsoil of Methuen is very good, the\\nvillage is pleasant, and the scenery\\naround it, romantic and beautiful.\\nMexico, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town lies on the\\nnorth side of Androscoggin river,\\nand is watered by two of its tribu-\\ntaries. It has a good soil and a good\\nwater power. It lies 47 miles W.\\nN. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.\\nfrom Paris. Incorporated, 1818.\\nPopulation, 1837, 447. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 1,552 bushels.\\nMiddletoorougli, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This is the Indian\\nJVamasket formerly thickly popu-\\nlated by the people of that tribe,\\nand governed by the noted sachem\\nTispacan. On the rocks, in this\\ntown, are the prints of naked hands\\nand feet, supposed to be the work\\nof the Indians. Here are numer-\\nous ponds, several kinds of fish, and\\nlarge quantities of iron ore is found\\nin the ponds. These ponds, of which\\nthe Assawamset and Long pond are\\nthe largest, empty into Taunton\\nriver, and produce an extensive wa-\\nter power\\nThis town lies 34 miles S. by E.\\nfi-om Boston, 14 S. S. W. from Ply-\\nmouth, and 10 S. E. from Taunton\\nIncorporated, 1660. Population,\\n1837, 5,005. This is probably the\\nlargest town in the state it is 15\\nmiles in length, and about 9 aver-\\nage breadth it has several pleasant\\nvillages. There are 2 cotton mills,\\n2 forges, an air and cupola furnace,\\na nail factory, and manufactures of\\nleather, shovels, spades, forks,\\nploughs, wrought nails, chairs, cab-\\ninet ware, tacks, straw bonnets, and\\nvarious other articles total value,\\nin one year, $200,000.\\nIn 1763, Shubael Thompson found\\na land turtle, marked on the shell\\nJ. \\\\y., 1747. Thompson marked it\\nand let it go. Elijah Clapp found\\nit in 1773; William Shaw found it\\nin 1775; Jonathan Soule found it in\\n17S4; Joseph Soule found it in 1790,\\nand Zenas Smith, in 1791 each\\nmarked it with his initials. Wheth-\\ner the critter is dead or gone to the\\nwest, we have no account.\\nMiddlebiiry, Vt.\\nAddison co. Chief town. This i.\\na large and flourishing town on both\\nsides of Otter creek, 31 miles S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 33 S. S. E.\\nfrom Burlington. The fathers of\\nthis town were Col. John Chipman\\nand the Hon. Gamaliel Painter, who\\ncame here and settled in 1773. The\\nsettlement advanced but slowly un-\\ntil after the revolutionary war it\\nthen began to increase and is now\\none of the most important towns in\\nthe state. In 1791 it became the\\nshire town of the county, and in\\n1800 Middlebury college was found-\\ned. The surface of the town is\\ngenerally level. Chipman s hill,\\n439 feet above Otter creek, is the\\nhighest elevation. The soil is fer-\\ntile and productive, and furnishes\\nlarge quantities of wool, beef, pork,\\nbutter and cheese. The town is\\nadmirably watered by Otter creek\\nand Middlebury river. At the falls\\non Otter creek, the site of the flour-\\nishing village, are extensive manu-\\nfacturing establishments and large\\nquantities of white and variega-\\nted marble, with which the town\\nabounds, are sawed and polished\\nfor various uses and transported to\\nmarket. Middlebury is a very\\nbeautiful town, and the mart of a\\nlarge inland trade. Population, ia\\n1830, 3,468. See Register.\\nMiddlebury River rises in Han-\\ncock, and passing through Riptoa\\nfalls into Otter creek at Middlebury.\\nThis mountain stream is about 14\\nmiles in length, affords a fine wa-\\nter power, and is very romantic m\\nits course. It passes some distance", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0267.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "along the road from Windsor to\\nVergennes, and presents some de-\\nlightful scenery.\\nMidtlletoury, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. The surface of\\nthis town is hilly and rocky; the\\nsoil a coarse, gravelly loam, tit for\\ngrazing and the growth of rye It\\nlies 36 miles W. S. W. froni Hart-\\nford, and 22 N. W. from New Ha-\\nven. Incorporated, 1S07. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 816. The town is\\nwatered by Quasepaug pond, which\\nempties into the Hou^satonick, and\\nlurnishes a water power for a satin-\\net lactory, and other machinery.\\nMiddlefield, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This is an eleva-\\nted agricultural township, watered\\nby a branch of Westfield river It\\nV,f 11 miles W. from Boston, 24\\nVV. trom Northampton, and 17 S E\\nft-om Pittsfield. Incorporated, 1783.\\nPopulation, 1S37, 710. There are\\n2 woolen mills in the town, and 2\\ntanneries. Annual value of goods\\nmanufactured, about |75,000\\nAmong the productions of the soil\\nthere were, in 1837, 9,724 fleeces\\not saxony wool, which weighed\\n^b,741 pounds, value, $17,382.\\nMiddlesex, Vt.\\nWashington co. Onion river and\\nother streams give this town a good\\nwater power. It has numerous\\nmanufacturing concerns, and a very\\npleasant village. The soil along\\nthe streams is good, and that of the\\nuplands, generally, is adapted for\\npzing. It lies 30 miles E. S E\\nIrom Burlington, and is bounded bv\\nMontpeher on the S. E. First set-\\nl, l56. ^\u00c2\u00b0P iS30,\\nThere is a curious chasm in Mid-\\ndlesex, on Onion river, near More-\\n7 ^-iver has worn a pas-\\nsage through rocks 30 feet in depth,\\n60 feet in width, and about 80 rods\\nin length. The walls on each side\\nare very smooth,over which a bridge\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ni vtir This place is worthy of\\nMiddlesex County, M\u00c2\u00absg.\\n/Concord, Cambridge, and Low\\nell, are the shire towns. The sur-\\nace of this county is uneven and\\nthe soil various. It presents a great\\nvariety for the admiration of the\\npatriot, scholar, farmer, mechanic,\\nand the painter. It is bounded N\\nby New Hampshire N. E. bv the\\ncounty of Essex ;S.E. by ChUes\\nnver Boston harbor, and Norfolk\\ncounty; and W. by the county of\\nWorcester. Area, 800 square miles:\\n?\u00c2\u00b0Po rf ^o 1820,61,476; 1830,\\n77,968; 1837,98,565. Population\\nto a square mile, 123. The princi-\\npal nvers in this county, are the\\nMerrinmck, Charles, Mystic, Sud-\\nir T Nashua. The\\nMiddlesex Canal passes through\\nifs northeastern section. In 1837\\nherewere5 166 sheep in the coun-\\nly. 1 he value of manufactures for\\ntne year ending April 1 1837\\namounted to $15,008,028. Fishery\\nsame year, $33,000.\\nMiddlesex Covmty, Ct.\\nShire toxvns\u00e2\u0080\u0094Middletown and\\n^addam. This county is bounded\\nf 1 il^ county, E. by Hart-\\nford and New London counties, S.\\nby Long Island Sound, and W. bv\\nNew Haven county. The general\\nsurface of the county is uneven.\\nThe soil IS generally good, particu-\\nlarly adjacent to Connecticut river\\nIhere are many small streams\\nwhich afford mill privileges, fertil-\\nizing the soil and giving beauty to\\nthe county. The waters of the\\nConnecticut afford it an important\\nhusiness in navigation, especially\\nin the coasting trade. The tonnagj\\nof the district of Middletown, tn\\n1837, was 13,133 tons. There are\\nnumerous manufacturing establish-\\nments in the county large quanti-\\ntiesof fi-eestone are quarried and car-\\nned to market, and the shad fishery", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0268.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngives employment to many of its\\npeople.\\nMiddlesex county contains an\\narea of 342 square miles. Popula-\\ntion, 1S20, 22,405; 1830, 24,345,\\ncontaining a population of 73 in-\\nhabitants to a square mile. Con-\\nsiderable amounts of the productions\\nof the soil are exported, and in\\n1837, there were in the county\\n12,401 sheep.\\nMiddle ton, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This is a very lev-\\nel township, having no high ground\\nexcept a part of Moose mountain,\\nwhich separates it from Brooktield.\\nThere are no rivers nor ponds, and\\nthe soil is rocky. It lies 25 miles\\nN. W. from Dover. Middleton was\\nincorporated in 1778. Population,\\n1830, 532.\\nMiddleton, Mass.\\nEssex CO. A pleasant town on\\nboth sides of Ipswich river, 19 miles\\nN. from Boston, and 7 N. W. from\\nSalem. This place contains a large\\nand expensive paper mill. This is\\nthe principal manufacturing con-\\ncern in the town. Incorporated,\\n1723. Population, 1837, 671.\\nMiddletown, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town lies be-\\ntween two mountains, is watered\\nby Poultney river, and has a good\\nsoil for grazing. It keeps, among\\nother cattle, about 4,000 sheep. It\\nlies 14 miles S. W. from Rutland.\\nIt has a neat and flourishing vil-\\nlage, a woolen factory, marble fac-\\ntory, and other manufactures.\\nPopulation, 1830, 919.\\nMiddletown, Ct.\\nChief town of Middlesex co.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nMiDDLETOWxV City, and port of\\nentry, lies on the W. bank of Con-\\nnecticut river, 30 miles from its\\nmouth, 15 S. from Hartford, 24 N.\\nE. from New Haven, 35 N. W.\\nfrom New London. Lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 34\\nN., long. T2P 39 W. The city is\\nvery pleasantly situated on ground\\nrising gradually from the river.\\nThe principal street, called Main\\nstreet, runs parallel with the river.\\nThis and other streets, are inter-\\nsected by cross streets, leading to\\nthe river.\\nThe wharves are commodious for\\nshipping, there being ten feet of\\nwater for all vessels that can cross\\nthe bar at the mouth of the river.\\nTwo high wharves are appropria-\\nted for two hues of steam-boats, of a\\nlarge class, which afford a daily com-\\nmunication with the cities of New\\nYork and Hartford.\\nThe streets and side-walks are\\npleasantly shaded with trees, and\\nthe side-walks are remarkably well\\npaved.\\nThe population of the city, is\\nabout 3,500 of the town, above\\n7,000.\\nThe public edifices are a court-\\nhouse in the Grecian style of arch-\\nitecture, built in 1832 a custom-\\nhouse handsomely built of Chatham\\nfreestone 2 banks, and a savings\\nbank, c. The places of public\\nworship in the city, and the princi-\\npal houses and stores are of brick,\\nmany of which are built with great\\ntaste.\\nThe Wesleyan University,\\nunder the patronage of the Metho-\\ndist Episcopal church, was founded\\nin 1831, and is very rapidly acquir-\\ning a high standing. It has now\\n160 students. Its officers are a\\npresident and 5 professors.\\nThe college buildings command\\nan extensive view of the surround-\\ning country, as well as of the val-\\nley of the Connecticut, so justly\\nfamed for its beauty.\\nThe college library, with those\\nbelonging to the societies, comprises\\nabout^lO^OOO volumes. It has ma-\\nny rare and choice works, an entire\\nset of the Latin Classics and most of\\nthe Greek, a set of the Philosophical\\nTransactions a d all of the most\\nimportant lati^r scientitic works of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0269.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFrance. There is also a collection\\nof bibles and testaments in 81 lan-\\nguages and dialects, oriental, c.,\\ninto which the bible has been trans-\\nlated.\\nThe philosophical and astronomi-\\ncal apparatus, has been lately in-\\ncreased at great expense. There\\nis a telescope, with a six inch object\\nglass, a splendid altitude and Azi-\\nmuth instrument, so constructed as\\nto be used for meridian transits.\\nRussell s magnificent Orrery, an\\nunrivalled instrument, and the only\\none of the kind. There is a noble\\nPlate Electrical machine, with two\\nplates 36 inches in diameter, c.\\nThe chemical department has a\\ngood laboratory and apparatus.\\nThe cabinet of minerals is becom-\\ning extensive. In geology, besides\\nspecimens, there are several valu-\\nable charts to illustrate the different\\nstates, and many districts of Eng-\\nland.\\nIn botany, there are several of the\\nbest standard works, and for the\\npreservation of the science, the\\nrichness in species of the native\\nplants about Middletown, is not\\nsurpassed by any location in New\\nEngland. The place is also remark-\\nable for the variety and abundance\\nof its rare minerals.\\nThe rising reputation of its uni-\\nversity, the great salubrity of its\\natmosphere, and the activity of its I\\nmanufacturing capital, render Mid- I\\ndletown equally attractive to the\\ntraveler, the man of science, or of\\nbusiness. There are besides in this\\ncity, several fine cabinets of shells,\\ninsects, minerals, c., and an Her-\\nbarium of considerable extent, of\\nNorth American as well as of Eu-\\nropean plants, also several choice\\nprivate libraries.\\nThe library of the Rev. Dr. Jar-\\nvis, contains 13,000 volumes of ex-\\nceeding choice books, collected by\\nhim, during a residence of sev-\\neral years in Europe, and his gal-\\nlery of about 120 paintings, is re-\\ngarded as being very valuable.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nAbout 70 of these pictures formed\\nthe gallery of the Archbishop of\\nTarento at Naples, and are of the\\nold masters\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Titian, Rubens, Tin-\\ntoretto, Salvator Rosa, Carlo Dolce,\\nLueca, Giordano, Jordens, Spagno-\\nletto, c. There is also in another\\ncollection some very line paintings\\nof the old masters, and an exqui-\\nsite piece of statuary by the Cheva-\\nlier P. Marchesi of Milan, repre-\\nsenting Christ when 12 years of\\nage This is the only work of the\\ndistinguished sculptor, that has yet\\narrived in this country.\\nThe township from N. to S. is\\nabout 9 miles long, its breadth va-\\nrying from 4 to 10 miles at its great-\\nest area, or about 43,520 acres.\\nThe Indian name of the town was\\nMattabesett. The town is divided\\ninto 4 societies or parishes.\\nThere is in the city a prepara-\\ntory school connected with the uni-\\nversity, as well as several flourish-\\ning private schools.\\nThe public records of this town\\ncommenced in 1654. The city was\\nincorporated in 1784.\\nThe burial grounds contain many\\ncurious, as well as antique monu-\\nments of its earliest settlers.\\nThe burial ground at the N. part\\nof the city, and by the river, was\\nlaid out in 1650.\\nMiddletown meadows, north of the\\ncity, contain about 640 acres. The\\nheight of the base of the village is\\n160 feet above the river, and is\\nfrom it, five eighths of a mile. Main\\nstreet is from 40 to 50 feet above the\\nriver.\\nThe Connecticut river is here\\ngenerally closed with ice about the\\nmiddle of December, and opens\\nabout the end of the third week in\\nMarch.\\nThe manufactures in this city,\\nare 3 establishments on a large\\nscale for the manufacture of arms,\\nfor the United States service\\nbroadcloths and cotton goods, brit-\\nannia and tin wares, stoves, combs,\\ntubs, machinery, steam engines.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0270.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\ncotton machinery, paper, powder,\\njewelry, brass ware, steel pens,\\nbuttons, looking-glasses, carnages,\\ncarpenter s tools and locks, besides\\nmany manufactures of minor im-\\nportance.\\nGeology. Middletown rests on\\nsecondary red sandstone witliin 2\\nmiles of tlie city, south, there is a\\ngranite ridge, here known by the\\nname of the White rocks. It runs\\nN. N. E., and forms the straits of\\nthe Connecticut river. This granite\\nridge is from 400 to 600 feet above\\nthe tide water. Here occurs an in-\\nexhaustible quantity of the finest\\n.feldspar, the material used for the\\nglaze of porcelain. This was first\\nbrought into notice in 1833, at the\\nrecommendation of Dr. Barrett. A\\nlarge quanrityof it has been sent to\\nEurope, as well as being used in\\nthis country, and it has been proved\\nto be of the best quality.\\nThe feldspar is often so pure at\\nthe quarry opened on the Haddam\\nroad, that masses of several hun-\\ndrcil weight occur without any ad-\\nmixture of quartz and mica.\\nMicldletoAVii, R. I.\\nNewport co. This is the middle\\ntownship on the island of Rhode\\nIsland. It lies 2 miles N. E. from\\nNewport, and 28 S. by E. from\\nProvidence. The surface of the\\ntown is undulating, and affords ma-\\nny interesting and beautiful land-\\nscapes. The soil is a rich loam,\\nvery productive and under a high\\nstate of cultivation the lands are\\nhighly valued and command a great\\nprice. The inbabitantsof the town\\nare principally farmers they are\\ndistinguished for their habits of in-\\ndustry and cconomj and for the\\nunifbrmitj plainness, and simplici-\\nty of their manner of living. The\\nproducts of the town consist of\\ncorn, barley, hay, and great varie-\\nties of fruits and vegetables for\\nNewport market. Incorporated,\\n1743. Population, 1830, 915.\\n22\\nMilan, K^. H.,\\nCoos CO., is 139 miles N. by E.\\nfrom Concord, and about 22 N. E.\\nfrom Lancaster. This tract was\\ngranted in 1771, and was called\\nPaulsburgh, until 1824. The Up-\\nper Amonoosuck and Androscoggin\\nrivers pass through this town.\\nThere are several ponds, and some\\nconsiderable mountains. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 57.\\nMilford, Me.\\nPenobscot county. See Down\\nEast.\\nMilfortl, ST. H.,\\nHillsborough co., is bounded E.\\nby Amherst, and is 31 miles S. by\\nW. from Concord. Millbrd lies on\\nboth sides of Souhegan river, which\\nruns through the town from W. to\\nE., forming a rich meadow or inter-\\nvale, from 1-4 to 1-2 a mile wide.\\nThe banks of this river are annual-\\nly overflowed, by which means,\\nthe soil, which is black and deep, is\\nmuch enriched. This town has ex-\\ncellent water privileges, and there\\nis a valuable factory in the village\\nPopulation, 1S30, 1,303.\\nMilfard, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town, the\\nIndian TVopowage, is well watered\\nby Charles and Mill rivers. It lies\\n28 miles S.W. byW. from Boston, and\\n18 S. E. from Worcester. Incorpora-\\nted, 1780. Population, 1837, 1,637.\\nThe soil is generally fertile, and\\nthe surface pleasantly diversified.\\nThe manufactures of the town, for\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\namounted to ^257,671. They con-\\nsisted of cotton goods, leather, boots,\\nshoes, chairs, tin and cabinet wares,\\nstraw bonnets, varnish, clothing,\\nshoe pegs, wagon irons, and whips.\\nMilford, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This is one of\\nthe towns which composed the\\nOld Jurisdiction of New Haven.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0271.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe settlement commenced in 1639.\\nThe first purchase of land was made\\nof the Indians, for the considera-\\ntion of 6 coats, 10 blankets, 1\\nkettle, besides a number of hoes,\\nknives, hatchets, and glasses. The\\nIndians made a reservation of 20\\nacres in the town, which was sold\\nby them, in 1661, for 6 coats, 2\\nblankets, and a pair of breeches.\\nMilford is bounded W. by Housa-\\ntonick river, and S. E. by Long\\nIsland Sound. The Indian name\\nof the place was Wepawaiig. The\\ntown is generally level, and the\\nsoil productive. There is a quarry\\nof beautiful serpentine marble in\\nthe town, and a harbor for small\\nvessels.\\nPoconock or Milford point is a\\nnoted place, where are a number of\\nhuts on the beach, occupied by\\npersons engaged in the oyster and\\nclam business.\\nMilford village is very pleasant,\\nand the scenery variegated and in-\\nteresting. Population, 1837, about\\n2,800.\\nMillbiiry, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Millbury was\\ntaken from Sutton, in 1813. It lies\\n42 miles W. S. W. from Boston,\\nand 6 S.E. from Worcester. Branch-\\nes of the Blackstone river rise in\\nthe town, and the Blackstone canal\\npasses through it. It is a very\\npleasant manufacturing place, with\\na valuable water power. There\\nare 1 paper, 6 woolen, and 1 cotton\\nmills and manufactures of boots,\\nshoes, leather, hats, scythes, spades,\\nforks, hoes, ploughs, muskets, trying\\nsquares, levels, trowels, machinery,\\nblack lead, tin ware, sashes and\\nblinds total value, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, $566,150. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 2,153.\\nMiller s Kivers.\\nMUler s i?fuer, in Vermont, rises\\nin Sheffield, Caledonia county, and\\npassing through a part of Wheelock\\nfalls into the Passumpsick at Lyn-\\ndon.\\nMille7- s River, in Massachusetts,\\nrises in ponds in Ashburnham,\\nand Winchendon it has many trib-\\nutaries, and passes through Athol,\\nOrange, and Wendell, and falls into\\nthe Connecticut at Erving, This\\nis a noble mill stream.\\nMiiliiioliet Liaise, Me.\\nThis is a large body of water in\\nthe county of Penobscot, the re-\\ncipient of many rivers. It is an\\nimportant source of the west branch\\nof Penobscot river. Its outlet is a\\nriver of the same name, and unites\\nwith the waters of Pemadumcook\\nlake, near the Great falls at the out-\\nlet of the Pemadumcook.\\nMill River, Mass.\\nSee Springfield.\\nMillsiieM, ET. II.,\\nCoos CO., is 7 miles W. from Um-\\nbagog lake, and about 35 N.from the\\nWhite mountains. Clear stream\\nwaters its N. extremity, and Phil-\\nlip s river with several small\\nstreams the other parts. Here are\\nseveral ponds, the largest is about\\n300 rods long, 140 wide^. Millsfield\\nwas granted in 1774, and was nam-\\ned after Sir Thomas Mills, a gran-\\ntee. It had but 33 inhabitants in\\n1830.\\nMilo, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This is a beau-\\ntiful township on the fertile banks\\nof Sebec and Pleasant rivers, at\\ntheir union with the Piscataquis.\\nIt lies 103 miles N. E. from Augus-\\nta, and 15 N. E. from Dover. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 381 1837, 640.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWheat crop, 1837, 4,514 bushels.\\nIncorporated, 1823.\\nMilton, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. Population, 1837,\\n352. Wheat crop, same year, 1,323", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0272.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbushels. 94 miles from Augusta.\\nSee Down East.\\nMUton, K. II.\\nStrafford co. The Salmon Fall\\nriver washes its whole E. bounda-\\nry, a distance of 13 miles and a\\nbranch of the same river crosses\\nfrom the S. part of Wakefield, and\\nunites near the centre of the E.\\nboundary. Teneriffe, a bold and\\nrocky mountain, extends along the\\nE. part of Milton, near which lies\\nMilton pond, of considerable size,\\nconnecting with the Salmon Fall\\nriver. This town was formerly a\\npart of Rochester, from which it\\nwas detached in 1802. It lies 40\\nmiles N. E. from Concord, and 20\\nN. W. by N. from Dover. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,273.\\nMiltoii, Vt.\\nChittenden co. Milton is bound-\\ned cu the W. bj^ lake Champlain,\\nan i is finely watered by the river\\nLamoille. It lies 12 miles N. from\\nBurlington, and 40 N. W. from\\nMontpelier. Population, 1830, 2,-\\n100. The soil of the town is gen-\\nerally good, and about 9,000 sheep\\ngraze in its pastures. There are\\nsome places in Milton worthy of the\\ntraveller s notice. A little distance\\nfrom the neat and flourishing vil-\\nlage are the Great falls, on the La-\\nmoille. In the course of 50 rods\\nthe whole river falls 150 feet.\\nAbout the middle of the rapid is a\\nsmall island, by which the water\\npasses on each side, with great vi-\\nolence and loud roaring. The scen-\\nery on the banks of the river is\\nwild and beautiful. There are\\nsome mills on the river, and consid-\\nerable trade on the lake.\\nMilton, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This interesting and\\npleasant town, the Unc.ataquissit\\nof the Indians, lies 7 miles S. from\\nBoston, and 6 E. from Dedham.\\nNeponset river washes its northern\\nborder and affords numerous valua-\\nble mill sites. This town was taken\\nfrom Dorchester, in 1662. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,772. A large part of\\nthe land is a gravelly loam, strong\\nand very productive. The manu-\\nfactures consist of paper, granite,\\nleather, hats, chairs, cabinet ware,\\nplaying cards, c. total annual\\namount, about ^100,000. The man-\\nufacture of paper from beach grass\\nhas recently been commenced, and\\npromises to be a good substitute for\\nrags, for the more common kinds.\\nThe village called the Mills,\\ncomprising a part of Dorchester, at\\nthe head of navigation, on the Ne-\\nponset, is a wild, romantic place,\\nand ever since the first settlement\\nof the country, has been the seat of\\nconsiderable trade and manufacture.\\nThe village at the rail-road, near\\nthe granite quarry, in Quincy,\\nabout a mile S. E. of the Mills,\\nis very pleasant and flourishing.\\nBy a new and beautiful bridge,\\ncalled the Granite bridge, across\\nthe Neponset, the distance to the\\ncity is reduced to 6 miles.\\nMilton contains some elegant\\ncountry seats, and much delightful\\nscenery. The views from Milton\\nHill, near the head of the Ne-\\nponset and Blue Hill, a cele-\\nbrated land mark for sailors, 710\\nfeet above the sea, in the south part\\nof the town, 12 miles from Boston,\\nare among the most admired in our\\ncountry.\\nMinot, Me.\\nCumberland CO. Minot is a large\\nand excellent township of land with\\nthree very pleasant villages. The\\nAndroscog2:in passes its eastern bor-\\nder and Little Androscoggin sepa-\\nrates it from Poland, on the S. This\\nis one of the most flourishing towns\\nin the state. Although agriculture\\nis the chief business of the people of\\nMinot, yet its water power is so val-\\nuable, that manufactures of various\\nkinds are springing up v. ith promis-\\ning success. Minot is connected\\nwith Lewiston, across the Andros-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0273.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncoggin, by a bridge. It lies 33\\nmiles S. W. from Augusta, and 35\\nN. from Portland. Population, in\\n1830, 2,908 1837, 3,326. Incor-\\nporated, 1802. Wheat crop, 1837,\\n7,266 bushels.\\nMissisque liiver, Vt.\\nThis crooked river is about 75\\nmiles in length. It rises in Orleans\\ncounty, and passes N. into Canada,\\nabout 5 miles it then returns to\\nthe state at the N. E. corner of\\nFranklin county, and after mean-\\ndering through the north part of\\nthat county, it falls into Missisque\\nbay at Highgate. There are sev-\\neral falls on this river, which afford\\nnumerous mill sites but it is gen-\\nerally sluggish in its course, and\\nbeing wide, is rather shallow. Its\\nwaters fertilize a large portion of\\ncountry, and it is navigable for small\\nvessels, six miles from its mouth.\\nMolecliiiukamxniik Lake, Me.\\nThis is one of a number of large\\nlakes extending northwest from\\nUmbagog lake, and which empty\\nthrough the Umbagog into the An-\\ndroscoggin. These lakes lie in the\\ncounties of Oxford and Franklin\\ntheir borders are but little settled,\\nbut those who have visited them\\nreport that the soil is exceedingly\\nfertile, and that the beauties of\\nthese little inland seas, equal that\\nof the celebrated Winnepisiogee.\\nThe Molechunkamunk lies about 80\\nmiles N. by W. from Portland.\\nMolumlcxis K-iver,\\nA large tributary to the Mata-\\nwamkeag from the north. It unites\\nwith that river about 8 miles above\\nits mouth.\\nMoiiadnoclc Mountain, W. H.,\\nUsually called the Grand Mo-\\nnadnock, is situated in the towns of\\nJaffrey and Dublin, in Cheshire\\ncounty, about 22 miles E. from Con-\\nnecticut river, and 10 N. of the\\nsouthern boundary of this state.\\nThe direction of the ridge is N. E.\\nand S. W. The mountain is about\\n5 miles long from N. to S., and 3\\nmiles from E. to W. Its summit is\\n3,718 feet above the level of the sea.\\nThirty years since, Monadnock was\\nnearly covered with evergreen\\nwood of considerable growth. By\\nthe repeated ravages of lire, it now\\npresents to the distant beholder,\\nnothing but a barren and bald rock.\\nBut on ascending, we find plats of\\neaith sufficient to give growth to\\nthe hlueben-y, cranberry, mountain\\nash, and a vaiiety of shrubs. Some\\ncaves are discovered, which excite\\ncuriosity. They appear to have\\nbeen formed by large hssures, and\\nby extensive strata being thrown\\nfrom their pi imitive state, and form-\\ning different angles with each other\\nand with perpendicular precipices.\\nThe mountain is composed of talc,\\nmica, slate, distinctly stratified.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGarnet, schorl, feldspar and quartz\\noccur in various parts. On the E.\\nside, plumbago is found in large\\nquantities. Crucibles and pencils\\nhave been manufactured fiom it,\\nbut for the latter, it proves not veiy\\ngood. The summit, when seen at\\na distance of 4 or 5 miles, appears\\nrounded and destitute of those high\\ncliffs and mural precipices belong-\\ning to granitic mountains. The\\nprospect from the pinnacle is very\\nextensive thirty ponds of fresh\\nwater, some of which are so large\\nas to contain islands of 8 or 10\\nacres, may be seen from it, in the\\nimmediate vicinity. Near the base\\nof the mountain, in Jaffrey, is the\\nMonadnock Mineral Spring.\\nMonkton, Vt.\\nAddison co. This town lies 27\\nmiles W. from Montpelier, 16 N.\\nfrom Middlebury, and IS S. by E.\\nfrom Burlington. This is a good\\nfarming town, and the products of\\nv/ool, cattle, and of the dairy are\\nconsiderable. Iron ore is found in\\nabundance, and a bed of porcelain\\nearth. By mixing this earth with", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0274.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncommon clay, in different propor-\\ntions, various kinds of pottery are\\nproduced. This earth is very pure,\\nand it is said might be manufactur-\\ned into the best china ware. The\\nbed is inexhaustible. The black\\noxide of manganese is al\u00c2\u00abo found\\nhere. There is also a curious cav-\\nern in the town after descending\\nabout 16 feet, you arrive at a room\\n30 feet long, and 16 wide. From\\nthis is a passage leading to a second\\napartment, which is not quite so\\nlarge, but more pleasant. Monk-\\nton is a pleasant town, 3 miles E.\\nfrom Ferrisburgh, and is frequent-\\nly visited by the curious. Popula-\\ntion, 1330, i,SS4.\\nKennebec co. This is a fine\\ntownship, and beautifully watered\\nby some of the sources of the Cob-\\nbessecontec. It lies 15 miles S.\\nW. from Augusta. The village is\\nvery pleasant, and is the -^eat of a\\nflourishing academy. \\\\Yheat crop,\\n1837, 5,256 bushels. Population,\\nsame year, 1,347. Incorporated,\\n1792.\\nMonroe, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town is watered\\nby Marsh river, a branch of the^Pe-\\nnobscot. It lies 59 miles N. E. from.\\nAugusta, and 14 N. from Belfast.\\nPoplilation, 1337, 1,365. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 5,8;- 7.\\nBlonroe, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This is an elevated\\ntownship, bounded E. by Deerfield\\nriver. It lies 105 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Boston, and 23 W. by N. from\\nGreenfield. Incorporated, 1822.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPopulation, 1837, 232.\\nMonroe, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town was\\ntaken from Huntington in 1823.\\nThe soil is good, and well adapted\\nfor grazing. ^but the surface is rough\\nand^stonv. Agriculture is the prin-\\ncipal business of the inhabitants.\\n22^*\\nThere are excellent orchards of va-\\nrious kinds of fruit in the town, a\\npleasant village on elevated ground,\\nand a classical school. It lies 15\\nmiles W, by N. from New Haven,\\nand 12 E. by S. from Danbury.\\nPopulation, 1330, 1,522.\\nA rich variety of mineral sub-\\nstances have been discovered here.\\nAmong them, are tungsten, telluri-\\num, native bismouth, native silver,\\nmagnetical and common iron py-\\nrite copper pyrites, galena, blen-\\nde, tourmaline, .c.\\nMonson, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town is\\nwatered by Piscataquis river and\\nWilson s stream. Monson compris-\\nes a fine tract of land, and is settled\\nby a worthv class of people. In-\\ncorporated, 1822. Population, in\\n1S37, 565. Wheat crop, same year,\\n2,267 bushels. It lies 83 miles N.\\nby E. from Augusta, and 20 N. W.\\nfrom Dover. A stage runs between\\nthis town and Bangor, three times\\na Aveek. Distance from Monson to\\nBangor, 60 miles; to Moosehead\\nlake, 15.\\nMonson, Mass.\\nHampden co. Monson was tak-\\nen from Brimfield in 1760. It lies\\n73 miles S. W. by W. from Boston,\\nand 13 E. from Springfield. Popu-\\nlation. 1837, 2,179. This is a pleas-\\nant town of variegated surface,\\ngood soil and well watered by Chick-\\nopee river. It contain? a flourish-\\ning academy. There are 3 cotton\\nmills in Monson, and other manu-\\nfactures. The value of cotton goods\\nmanufactured in the year ending\\nApril 1, 18S7, was .$67,500.\\nMonta ;ue, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town is on\\nthe E. bank of Connecticut river,\\nopposite to Deerfield, and united to\\nthat town bv a bridge. Turner s\\nFalls, at the northerly part of the\\ntown, are more interesting than\\nany in the state, and probably as", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0275.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmuch so as any in New England.\\nThe canal for passing these falls, 3\\nmiles in length and 75 feet lockage,\\nwith an immense dam across the\\nriver, greatly facilitates the naviga-\\ntion on Connecticut river. This\\nplace has a great water power, and\\npromises peculiar advantages to the\\nmanufacturing interest. The scene-\\nry around this place is romantic and\\nbeautiful, and to the lovers of anti-\\nquarian lore, full of interesting as-\\nsociations.\\nIt lies 80 miles W. by N. from\\nBoston, and 7S. E. from Greenfield.\\nIncorporated, 1753. Population, in\\n1837, 1,260.\\nMoiatgoniery, Vt,\\nFranklin co. This town lies in a\\nmountainous country, but it has a\\nvaluable tract of land on Trout riv-\\ner, a good mill stream, a branch of\\nthe Missisque. It lies 42 miles N.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 27 E. N. E.\\nfrom St. Albans. First settled, in\\n1793. Population, 1830, 460.\\nThe Rev. Joel Clapp was the first\\nchild born in this town, September\\n14, 1793. He preached the first\\nfast-day sermon, the first thanks-\\ngiving sermon, and the first mcfth-\\ner s funeral sermon, which were\\npreached in the town.\\nMoiatgoiiiery, Mass.\\nHampden co. This is a moun-\\ntainous township on the N. side of\\nWestfield river, and has a good wa-\\nter power. It lies 100 miles W. by\\nS. from Boston, and 12 N. Yv. from\\nSpringfield. Incorporated, 1780\\nPopulation, 1837, 497. This is a\\ngood town for grazing, and it pro-\\nduces considerable wool and some\\nbeef cattle.\\nMoiitpelier, Vt.\\nThe capital of the state and shire\\ntown of the county of Washino-ton\\nIt lies in N. lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0 17 and w\\nIon. 72\u00c2\u00b0 36 It is 182 miles w\\nfrom Augusta, Me. 97 N. N. W.\\nfrom Concord, N, H. 160 N. W.\\nby N. from Boston, Mass. 200 N.\\nby W. from Providence, R. I.\\n205 N. from Hartford, Ct. 148 n!\\nE. from Albany N. Y. and 524\\nmiles from Washington. First set-\\ntled, in 1786. Population, 1830,\\n2,985. Montpelier became the seat\\nof government in 1805, and the\\nshire town of the county, in 1811.\\nIt is finely watered by Onion river\\nI and by several branches of that\\nstream. These streams afford a\\ngood water power, on which are\\nmanufacturing establishments of va-\\nrious kinds. The surface of the\\ntown is very uneven and hilly, but\\nnot mountainous. The soil is very\\ngood along the streams, and the\\nhighlands produce excellent pas-\\nturage. The agricultural products\\nare various and valuable. In 1837\\nthere were between 8,000 and 9,000\\nsheep in the town.\\nThis township was granted Octo-\\nber 21, 1780, and chartered to Tim-\\nothy Bigelow and others, August\\n14, 17S1, containing 23,040 acres.\\nIt was rechartered February 6,\\n1304. In the spring of 1786, Joel\\nFrizzle erected a log house on the\\nbank of Onion river, in the south-\\nwest corner of this township, and\\nmoved his family into it from Cana-\\nda. This was the first family in\\nfo^wn. Early in the month of May,\\n17 -7, Col. Jacob and Gen. Pailey\\nDavis, from Worcester county,Mass.\\nbegan improvements near the place\\nwhere the village now stands, and\\nerected a log house, into which\\nCol. Davis removed his family the\\nwinter followino-.\\nThe village of Montpelier is sur-\\nrounded by hills of considerable el-\\nevation; and although it is too low-\\nto command an extensive prospect,\\nis very pleasant, and quite roman-\\ntic in its appearance. It is located\\nvery near the centre of the state\\nIt is a great thoroughfare from all\\ndirections, and com^nands a large\\nand valuable interior trade. The\\nbuildings are in good style some\\nof which are very handsome.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0276.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0277.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0278.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWe take pleasure in presentinf^ to the public a well executed en-\\ngraving of the Vermont State House, at Montpelier designed by A. B.\\nYoung, Esq., a native of New England, and executed under his imrae-\\ndiate superintendence.\\nThe engraving represents a southeast front view of the building, which\\nstands on an elevated site, about 325 feet from State street, on which it\\nfronts, and is alike beautiful in design and execution. The yard and\\ngrounds pertaining to it are large and spacious, and, in the manner they\\nare laid out, give great importance to the building. Through the whole\\ndesign, a chaste architectural character is preserved, which, combined\\nwith the convenient arrangement of the interior and the stability of its\\nconstruction, renders this edifice equal in every respect to any in New\\nEngland, and probably to any in the United States. The building is in\\nthe form of a cross, showing in front a centre, 72 feet wide, and two\\nwings, each 39 feet, making the whole length 150 feet. The centre, in-\\ncluding the portico, is 100 feet deep the wings are 50 feet deep. The\\nsix columns of the portico are 6 feet diameter at their base, and 36 feet\\nhigh, supporting an entablature of classic proportions. The dome rises\\n36 feet above the ridge, making the whole height from the ground 100\\nfeet. The order of architecture used is the Grecian Doric, and is made\\nto conform to the peculiar arrangement necessary in this building. The\\nwalls, columns, cornices, c., are of dark Barre granite, wrought in a\\nsuperior manner: the dome and roofs are covered with copper.\\nIn the interior, the lower story contains an Entrance Hall, rooms for\\nthe Secretary of State, Treasurer, Auditor, and numerous Committee\\nrooms. The second or principal story, contains a Vestibule, and stair-\\nways, a Representatives Hall, 57 by 67 feet, with a Lobby, and Galleries\\nfor spectators a Senate Chamber, 30 by 44 feet, with Lobby and Gallery j\\na Governor s room, 24 by 20 feet, with an ante-room, and a room for his\\nSecretary adjoining a Library room, 18 by 36 feet rooms for the several\\nofficers of the Senate and House of Representatives, and several com-\\nmittee rooms. The cost of this building, including all expenses, was\\nabout $132,100; of which the inhabitants of Montpeher paid $15,000.\\nAt the first session of the Legislature of Vermont, within this building,\\nin October, 1838, the following resolution was unanimously adopted\\nResolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont, that\\nthe thanks of this Legislature be presented to Ammi B. Young, Esq.,\\nas a testimonial of their approbation of the taste, ability, fidelity and\\nperseverance which he has manifested in the design and execution of the\\nnew capitol of this state which will abide as a lasting monument of the\\ntalents and taste of Mr. Youjvg as an Architect.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0279.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nMoiitville, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This is a beautiful\\nand flourishing town, watered by\\nsome of the head branches of Sheep-\\nscot river, 26 miles E. N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 15 W. from Belfast.\\nIncorporated, 1807. Population, in\\n1830,1,243; 1837,1,987. Wheat\\ncrop, 1837, 8,088 bushels.\\nMontville, Ct.\\nNew London co. Montville was\\ntaken from New London in 1786.\\nThe surface is hilly and stony; the\\nsoil a dry, gravelly loam, strong and\\nfertile. It lies on the W. side of\\nthe river Thames, 35 miles S. E.\\nfrom Hartford, 8 N. from New\\nLondon, and 7 S. from Norwich.\\nThe town has a good water powci-\\nand contains 3 cotton and 2 woolen\\nfactories, and an oil mill. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,964.\\nThis, and a large tract of country\\nlying north and east of it, formerly\\nbelonged to the Mohegans, a tribe\\nof Indians once celebrated for their\\nwarlike prowess and fiiendship to\\nthe EngUsh. In Montville is a\\ntract reserved by the state, for the\\nmaintenance of a remnant of that\\ntribe, on the land of their fathers.\\nThe Mohegan reservation consists\\nof about 2,700 acres. It was hold-\\nen by them in common till the\\nyear 1790, when it was divided to\\neach family by the leoislature of\\nConnecticut. The Mohegans are\\nunder the care of guardians, or over-\\nseers, appointed by the legislature.\\nA part ot the lands are occupied by\\nthe Indians themselves, and a part\\nby white tenants, of which there\\nare as many as Mohegans Hving on\\nthe reservation. The rents go into\\na common fund, from which the\\nMohegans derive, individually, a\\nsmall sum annually.\\nIn 1774, when a census of the in-\\nhabitants of Connecticut was taken,\\nthere were in the colony 1,363 In-\\ndians. The number in the township\\nof New London was stated to be\\n206. Mohegan was then included\\nin the limits of that town. At the\\nsame time there were in Stonington\\n237; in Groton 186; in Lyme 104^\\nin Norwich 61, and in Preston 30-\\nin all, S24. Most of these may be\\nconsidered as descended from those\\nwho once owed some kind of alle-\\ngiance to Uncas. Dr. Holmes, who\\nvisited Mohegan in 1803, says that\\nthere were not more than 80 per-\\nsons of this tribe remaining, and\\nthat John Cooper, the lichest man\\nin the tribe, possessing a yoke of\\noxen and two cows, was then their\\nreligious teacher. Four years af-\\nter, they were reduced in number\\nto sixty nine, these being for the\\nmost part aged persons, widows, and\\nfathei-less children.\\nWithin the course of a few years\\npast, an effort has been made to el-\\nevate and rescue the remnant of\\nthis tribe from extinction. A small\\nhouse for divine worship has been\\nerected, and also a house for a teach-\\ner tov/ards erecting this last build-\\ning the United States government\\nappropriated 500 dollars; they have\\nalso allowed, recently, 400 dollars\\nannually for the support of a teach-\\ner. The school, consisting of up-\\nwards of 20 scholars, at this time is\\nunder the care of Mr. Anson G lea-\\nson, who also officiates as a religious\\nteacher at the Mohegan Chapel.\\nMr. GleasoR commenced his labors\\namong this people in 1832, and it is\\nfirmly believed that his efforts to\\npromote the welfare of this people\\nwill be attended with lasting and\\nbeneficial effects. Mr. Gleason\\nsays, that he can say for a certain-\\nty, that the native children are as\\napt to learn as any children he ever\\ntaught, and bid fair for intellio;8nt\\nmen and women. He also s ays,\\nThis tribe had well nigh run out\\nby indulging in the use of ardent\\nspirits but of late there is a change\\nfor the better, a number of refor-\\nmations having taken place. Most\\nof the youth are opposed to strong\\ndrink, and are members of the tern-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0280.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nperance reform. The greater part\\nof the working men follow the whale\\ntrade, and come home only now and\\nthen. We are on the increase,\\nand hope in the course of a few years,\\nthrough the mercy of God, to rise\\nin point of virtue and i-espectabili-\\nty.\\nThe Mohegan church is between\\nthree and four miles from Norwich\\ncity, a few rods east of the public\\nroad from Norwich to New London.\\nIt is beautifully situated on an em-\\ninence commanding a fair view of\\nNorwich at the north, and New\\nLondon at the south. It was built\\nin 1831, at an expense of between\\nsix and seven hundred dollars, con-\\ntributed for the purpose mostly by\\nbenevolent ladies in the cities of\\nNorwich, Hartford and New Lon-\\ndon, 1 his house is designed for the\\nuse of the Mohegans, and the white\\ninhabitants who reside on the re-\\nservation. The Mohegan school-\\nhouse is 40 or 50 rods south of the\\nchapel, at the foot of the hill, near\\nby which is the house for the teach-\\ner. About 100 rod3 west of the\\nchapel, on the summ.it of a com-\\nmanding eminence, was situated a\\nMohegan fort, some traces of which\\nremain they also had another fort\\nnear the river.\\nLn wliere a sivarre fortress frown d\\nAmid yon bluoil-cemenieLl srround,\\nA hallowetl dome, with peaoefu laim,\\nShall bear the meek Redeemer s name;\\nAnd forms liKe those that lini^ering stayed\\nLatrst i:eath Calvary s awful shade,\\nAnd p.inl!cst pierc d the g.ther d gloom\\nTo watch the S ivior s lowly tomb\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSu:h eentle I orms the Indian s ire\\nHave sootli d and bade that dome aspire.\\n.nd now, wh re rose the murderous yell,\\nThe tuneful hvmn to God shall swell-\\nWhere vengeance spread a fatal snare,\\nShall breathe the red man s contrite prayer.\\nMoose Rivers.\\nMoose river, \\\\n Maine, is a large\\ntributary to Moosehead lake. It\\nrises in the western part of Somer-\\nset county, and after receiving the\\nwaters of several large ponds in\\nthat quarter, it passes through Bras-\\nsua lake, 4 or 5 miles ^y. of the\\nMoosehead.\\nMoose river, in New Hampshire,\\nhas its source on the N. side of the\\nWhite Mountains, and unites v/ith\\nthe Androscoggin in Shelburne.\\nIts source is very near that of Is-\\nrael s river, which passes W. into\\nthe Connecticut.\\nMoose river, in Vermont, is a\\nbranch of the Passumpsic it rises\\nin Granby and East Haven, and\\nfalls into that river at St. Johnsbury.\\nThis, in many places, is a rapid\\nstream, about 25 miles in length.\\nMoose Head Lalie, Me.\\nThis lake, the outlet of which is\\nthe source of Kennebec river, lies\\nin the county of Piscataquis. Its\\nform is very irregular. Its length\\nis between 40 and 50 miles, and its\\nbreadth, in the widest part, about\\n12 miles. The tributaries are nu-\\nmerous, and flow from almost every\\ndirection. It contains a number of\\nislands, the largest of which is Su-\\ngar island, containing 5,440 acres,\\nand Deer island, containing 2,000\\nacres. These islands are fertile, as\\nis the whole country surrounding\\nthe lake, except in some places\\nwhere the banks are high and pre-\\ncipitous. The waters are deep and\\nabound in trout of an extraordinary\\nsize.\\nIt is remarkable that the territory\\nsurrounding this inland sea, possess-\\nino- in rich abundance all the ne-\\ncessary requirements for the uses\\nand comforts of man, and within\\nthree hundred miles of the capital\\nof New England, should be left a\\nwilderness garden, uninhabited and\\nalmost unexplored; while thous-\\nands of Nev. England men are press-\\ning to distant regions, less health-\\nfuf, ?LnA I ess productive, \\\\\\\\\\\\^Qr\\\\ mar-\\nkets for surplus produce are consid-\\nered.\\nThe only settlement, of any con-\\nsequence, on the borders of this\\nbeautiful lake, is HaskelVs Planta-\\ntion, at the southern boundary.\u00e2\u0080\u0094", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0281.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nThis place lies 15 miles N. from\\nMonson, from which town stages\\npass to Bangor, 60 miles. A steam-\\nboat plies up and down the lake,\\nfor the purpose of transporting pas-\\nsengers, more particularly those\\nwho are engaged in felling timber;\\nand for the pui-pose of towing the\\ntimber down to the Kennebec out-\\nlet.\\nThe lumber business on this lake\\nis very extensive, and doubtless lu-\\ncrative but the time is not very\\ndistant when this and other sections\\nof Maine, will be as much valued\\nfor the fruits of the soil and, under\\nthe wise system of geological ex-\\nploration, adopted b}/ the legisla-\\nture, for the quarries of slate, lime,\\ngranite, marble, and even coal, as\\nthey are now for their forests of\\ntimber.\\nThis lake may be divided into\\ntwo bays. A little above the cen-\\ntre of it, is a narrow pass of rath-\\ner less than a mile across. At\\nthis place, on the v/estern side, is\\nMount Keneo,an elevation of five or\\nsix hundred feet projecting over the\\nwater. From this height a pictur-\\nesque view of the lake, its islands,\\nand a boundless wilderness, is pre-\\nsented. When the wind blows fresh\\nfrom the north, the waters of the\\nnorth bay press through this strait\\nwith considerable force, and cause\\nthe south bay to rise two or three\\nfeet.\\nA dam has been erected at the\\noutlet, for the purpose of raisino-\\nthe lake 3 or 4 feet, so as to let the\\nthe water off as occasion may re-\\nquire, to facilitate the passage of\\nlumber on the river. We hope,\\nfor the benefit of our friends down\\nstream, that the dam is of solid ma-\\nterials and well constructed.\\nMooseliillock Moiintaiai, N. H.,\\nIs a noble and lofty eminence\\nin the S. E. pai-t of Coventry, and\\nranks among the highest mountains\\nin New England. The altitude of\\nthe north peak above tide water, ii\\n4,636 feet that of the south peak,\\nis 4,536 feet. Baker s river has its\\nsource on its eastern side.\\nMooseluc]kmaguiitic lialte, Me.\\nA large sheet of water which\\nempties into the -Molechunkamunk,\\nabout 2 miles south.\\nWashington co. Mad river, a\\nbranch of the Onion, waters this\\ntown and gives it good mill seats.\\nThe surface is mountainous, and a\\ngreat part of the soil unfit for culti-\\nvation. First settled, 1700. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 816. It lies 8 miles\\nS. W. from Montpelier.\\nMoi-gau, Wt.\\nOrleans co. First settled, ISOO.\\nIt lies 50 miles N. E. from Montpe-\\nlier, and 15 N. N.E. from Irasburgh,\\nPopulation, 1830, 331. Knowllun s\\nlake, a handsome sheet of water,\\ncontaining a variety of fish, lies in.\\nthis town. It is 4 miles in length,\\nand 2 in breadth, and empties nito\\nClyde river.\\nMorrlsto-4vii, Vt.\\nLamoille co. This town lies 20\\nmiles N. by W. from Montpelier,\\nand 6 S. fi-om Hyde Park. First\\nsettled, 1790. Population, 1830,\\n1,315. The surface of the town is\\ndiversified by hills and valleys;\\nthe soil is good, particularly on the\\nbanks of Lamoille river, which af-\\nfords some water power. Here is\\na neat village, and considerable\\nbusiness. The people are general-\\nly farmers, and produce cattle, but-\\nter, cheese, and a large quantity of\\nwool for market.\\nMoscow, Me.\\nSomerset co. Moscow is water-\\ned by a pond, and by a beautiful\\nstream, a branch of the Kennebec,\\nand lies on the east side of that\\nriver. It is 30 miles N. from Nor-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0282.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nridgewock, and 58 N. from Augusta.\\nThis town has a good soil and a\\npleasant village. It was incorpo-\\nrated in 1816. Population, 1837,\\n477. Wheat crop, same year, 4,273\\nbushels.\\nMoiiltonlborouglij N. If.,\\nStrafford co., is situated on the N.\\nW. shore of Winnepisiogee lake.\\nThis interesting town lies 45 miles\\nN. from Concord, and 20 E. from Ply-\\nmouth. This town is broken by\\nmountains and ponds. Red Hill, ly-\\ning wholly within this town, com-\\nmands notice from the east, south,\\nand west and extends about 3\\nmiles from E. to W., between Red\\nHill river on the N., Great Squam\\non the W., Great Squam and Long\\npond on the S., terminating S. E.\\nby a neck of line land extending\\ninto the Winnepisiogee. Its sum-\\nmit is covered with the uvce iirsi\\nand low blueberry bush, which in\\nautumn give the hill a reddish hue,\\nfrom which circumstance its name\\nwas probably derived. A number\\nof oval bluffs rise on its summit,\\nfrom each of which the prospect\\non either hand is extensive and de-\\nlightful. The north bluff is sup-\\nposed to consist of a body of iron\\nore. Bog ore is found in a brook\\ndescending from this bluff. Ossi-\\npee mountain extends its base into\\nthis town, and is a commanding\\nelevation. On the south part of\\nthis mountain, in Moultonborough,\\nis a mineral chalybeate spring, the\\nwaters strongly impregnated with\\niron and sulphur, and efficacious\\nin cutaneous eruptions. About a\\nmile north is a spring of pure cold\\nwater, 16 feet in diameter, through\\nthe centre of which the water, con-\\ntaining a small portion of fine white\\nsand, is constantly thrown up to the\\nheight of two feet the spring fur-\\nnishing water sufficient for mills.\\nOn the stream nearly a mile below,\\nis a beautiful waterfall of 70 feet\\nperpendicular. Descending on the\\nleft of this fall, a cave is found, con-\\n23\\ntaining charcoal and other eviden-\\nces of its having been a hiding\\nplace for the Indians. Red Hill\\nriver originates in Sandwich, and\\npasses through this town into the\\nWinnepisiogee. Long pond is a\\nbeautiful sheet of water, and con-\\nnects with the lake by a channel\\nsixty rods in length. Squam and\\nWinnepisiogee lakes lie partly in\\nMoultonborough. The soil of this\\ntown is fruitful, though in some\\nparts rocky. Moultonborough was\\ngranted in 1763, to Col. Jonathan\\nMoulton and others. Settlements\\ncommenced in 1764.\\nMany Indian implements and rel-\\nics have been found indicating this\\nto have been once their favorite\\nresidence. In 1820, on a small isl-\\nand in the Winnepisiogee,was found\\na curious gun barrel, much worn by\\nage and rust, divested of its stock,\\nenclosed in the body of a pitch pine\\ntree 16 inches in diameter. Its butt\\nrested on a flat rock, its muzzle el-\\nevated about 30\u00c2\u00b0. In 1819, a small\\ndirk, 1 1-2 feet in length from the\\npoint to the end of the hilt, round\\nblade, was found in a new field, one\\nfoot under ground, bearing strong\\nmarks of antiquity.\\nOn the line of Tuftonborough, on\\nthe shore of the lake, at the mouth\\nof Melvin river, a gigantic skeleton\\nwas found about 30 years since, bu-\\nried in a sandy soil, apparently that\\nof a man more than seven feet high\\nthe jaw bones easily passing over\\nthe face of a large man. A tumu-\\nlus has been discovered on a piece\\nof newly cleared land, of the length\\nand appearance of a human grave,\\nand handsomely rounded with\\nsmall stones, not found in this part\\nof the country which stones are\\ntoo closely placed to be separated\\nby striking an ordinary blow with\\na crow-bar, and bear marks of being\\na composition. The Ossipee tribe\\nof Indians once resided in this vi-\\ncinity, and some years since a tree\\nwas standing in Moultonborough,\\non which was carved in hieroglyph-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0283.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nics the history of tlieir expeditions.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 1,422.\\nMouat Desert, Me.\\nHancock co. This town com-\\nprised the whole island of the same\\nname, lying between Frenchman s\\nbay and the watei-s of Blue Hill\\nbay, and Union river, until 1795,\\nwhen the north part was set off and\\ncalled Eden. It lies 110 miles E.\\nfrom Augusta. Incorporated, 1789.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,783.\\nThis town has an extensive coast,\\nand a number of excellent harbors.\\nThe people of Mount Desert own\\nconsiderable navigation employed\\nin the coasting trade and the shore\\nfishery, is a lucrative branch of\\nbusiness. The soil of the town is\\ngood, and abundantly able to supply\\nthe inhabitants with bread stuffs.\\nIn 1837, the ocean towns of Mount\\nDesert and Eden, produced 671\\nbusheb of good wheat. We men-\\ntion this fact, to show that there\\nmust be something, other than sea\\nair, v/hich causes that valuable\\ngrain to blight on the coast of Mas-\\nsachusetts.\\nMount Holly, Vt.\\nRutland co. A pleasant town\\nlying CO miles S. from Montpclier,\\nand 17 S. E. from Rutland. First\\nsettled, 1781. Population, 1830,\\n1,318. The surface of the town is\\nelevated, and in some ports moun-\\ntainous, but the soil is well adapted\\nfor grazing, and produces consider-\\nable quantities of wool, beef, but-\\nter, and cheese.\\nMounts Holyoke \u00c2\u00abfc Toin, Mass.\\nSee JYorihampton.\\nMount Hope,\\nAnd Mount Hope Bay. See\\nBristol, M. I.\\nMount Tal or, Vt.\\nRutland CO. Otter Creek rises in\\nthi town, by a branch on each side\\nof a mountain. Most oi the land\\nis unfit for cultivation, it being so\\nhigh on the Green mountain range.\\nIt lies 6G miles S. by W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 19 S. by E. from Rut-\\nland. Population, 1830, 210.\\nMount Vernon, Me.\\nKennebec co. This town lies\\nW. of Belgrade, E. of Vienna, and\\n15 miles N. W. from Augusta. In-\\ncorporated, 1792. Population, 1837,\\n1,503. There are three pleasant\\nvillages in the town the soil is re-\\nmarkably good, and is watered by\\na number of beautiful ponds and\\nsmall streams. Wheat crop, 1837,\\n5,888 bushels.\\nMovmt Vernon, K H.,\\nHillsborough co., is 3 miles N.\\nW. from Amherst, and 28 S. W.\\nfrom Concord. There is but one\\nstream of any note, and this was\\ncalled by the Indians Quohquina-\\npassakessananagnog. The situa-\\ntion is elevated, and towards the E.\\nand S E. there is a considerable\\nprospect. There is a flourishing\\nvillage situated near the highest\\npoint of elevation. This town was\\noriginally a part of Amherst, from\\nwhich it was detached in 1803.\\nDr. Daniel Adams, who com-\\nmenced and conducted the Medical\\nand Agricultural Register, and is\\nauthor of a popular system of arith-\\nmetic, school geography, and a\\nnumber of useful school books, has\\nhis residence in this place. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 7G3.\\nMount Wasliington, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This town lies in\\nthe S. W. corner of the state, bor-\\ndering on Ct. and N. Y. It is 135\\nmiles W, by S. from Boston, 22 S.\\nS. W. from Lenox, and 26 S. E.\\nfiom Hudson, N. Y. Incorporated,\\n1779. Population, 1837, 337.\\nThese people seem to enjoy a\\nmore elevated situation than any of\\ntheir neighbors one of their hills\\nis 3,150 feet above the sea. They\\nkeep GOO sheep, and manufacture", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0284.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nabout 100,000 bushels of charcoal,\\nannually. A mountain stream af-\\nfords them a water power for an axe\\nfactory and forge. These people,\\nlikewise, appear to be more inde-\\npendent of the common wants of\\nmankind than other folks; for they\\nhave no minister, physician, law-\\nyer, post office, or tavern, yet they\\nare remarkably healthy and as far\\nas we can judge, intelligent and\\nkind.\\nMuscougus River and Bay, Me.\\nLincoln co. J\\\\Tuscongus river,\\nrises in large ponds in the interior\\nof the county, and on the border of\\nWaldo county it passes through\\nWaldoborough, and separating Bre-\\nmen and Friendship, it forms the\\nhead waters of Muscongus bay.\\nThis bay has a number of islands\\nand lies between St. George s isl-\\nands off the town of St. George,\\non the E., and Pemmaquid point,\\nin Bremen, on the W.\\nNaliaut; Mass.\\nThis celebrated watering place,\\nis a part of the beautiful town of\\nLynn. It is a peninsula, jutting\\nout about 5 miles into Massachu-\\nsetts bay, and forms Lynn bay on\\nthe south. From Boston to Nahant\\nhotel, on the eastern point of the\\npeninsula, by land, is 14 miles\\nfrom the centre of Lynn, 5; and\\nfrom Salem 9 miles. On the N. E.\\nside of this peninsula is a beach of\\ngreat length and smoothness. It is\\nso hard that a horse s foot-steps are\\nscarcely visible and, from half-tide\\nto low water, it affords a ride of su-\\nperior excellence. Much may be\\nsaid in praise of Nahant without\\nexaggeration. Its formation, situa-\\ntion, and rugged shore, excites the\\ncuriosity of all, and many thou-\\nsands annually visit it for health, or\\npleasure.\\nIt is only 10 miles N. E. from\\nBoston, by the steam-boats, continu-\\nally plying in summer months at\\nthis place are good lishing and fowl-\\ning, excellent accommodations: the\\nocean scenery is exceedingly beau-\\ntiful in fair weather, and truly sub-\\nlime in a storm.\\nNautasket, Mass.\\nSee Hull.\\nNantucket Co. Mass. and Totvu*\\nAn island in the Atlantic ocean\\ntown and county. It lies E. of\\nDukes county, and about 30 miles\\nS. of Cape Cod, or Barnstable coun-\\nty. This island is about 15 miles in\\nlength, from east to west, and about\\n4 miles average breadth. It con-\\ntains 50 square miles. The town,\\nformerly called Shelhurne, is in\\nabout the centre of the island, on\\nthe north side, in lat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 16 42\\nW. Ion., 70\u00c2\u00b0 7 42 It is 100 miles\\nS. E. by S. from Boston, 55 S. E.\\nfrom New Bedford, 30 S. E. from\\nFalmouth, and 500 from Washing\\nton. Population, 1337, 9,048.\\nNantucket has a good harbor,\\nwith 7 1-2 feet of water, at low tide,\\non the bar at its mouth. This island\\nwas formerly well wooded, but for\\nmany years it has not had a single\\ntree of natural growth. The soil is\\nlight and sandy; it however affords\\npasturage for about 7,000 sheep, 500\\ncows, and other cattle. In 1659,\\nwhen this county was incorporated,\\nthe island contained 3,000 Indians,\\nbut now, not one.\\nThe whale fishery commenced\\nhere in 1690 and this place is,\\nperhaps, more celebrated than\\nany other, for the enterprize and\\nsuccess of its people, in that spe-\\ncies of nautical adventure. Indeed\\nNantucket is the mother of that\\ngreat branch of wealth in America,\\nif not in the world. In the year\\nending April 1, 1837, Nantucket\\nemployed 74 vessels in that fishery,\\nthe tonnage of which was 25,875\\ntons 1,277,009 gallons of sperm\\nand whale oil was imported, the\\nvalue of which was $1,114,012.\\nThe number of hands employed,\\nwas 1,897. The capital invested.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0285.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwas $2,520,000 this includes the\\nships and outfits only yet many of\\nthe manufactories of tlie place, are\\nappendages of the whale fishery\\naltogether, employing a capital of\\nover five millions of dollars. There\\nare manufactures on the island, of\\nvessels, whale boats, bar iron, tin\\nware, boots, shoes, oil casks, and\\ncandle boxes. The whole amount\\nof the manufactures, for that year,\\nincluding oil and candles, was ^2,-\\n524,907. Total tonnage of the dis-\\ntrict of Nantucket, in 1S37, 29,960\\ntons.\\nGreat attention is paid to educa-\\ntion on this island. The men are\\nnoted for their sedateness and daring\\nspirit, and the women for their in-\\ntelligence and beauty.\\nJVantucket Shoals is a danger-\\nous place, where many a sailor has\\nfound a watery grave. They lie\\nS. E. from the island, and cover an\\narea of about 50 by 45 miles.\\nNaples, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town was\\nformed from Otisfield and Raymond,\\nand incorporated in 1S34. It is wa-\\ntered by Sebago and Songo ponds,\\nand Crooked and Muddy rivers. It\\nhas good mill privileges, and a pro-\\nductive soil. Population, 1837, 722.\\nNaples lies 63 miles W. S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 27 N. N. W. from\\nPortland.\\nNarraganset Bay, R. I.\\nThis delightful bay lies wholly\\nwithin the limits of Rhode Island\\nits entrance extends from Point Ju-\\ndith on the west, to Seaconnet\\nRocks on the east, and terminates\\nat Bullock s point, about 6 miles\\nbelow the city of Providence. The\\nlength of this bay is about 28 miles\\nits breadth varies from 3 to 12 miles.\\nIt receives the waters of the Taun-\\nton, Providence, Pawtuxet, and\\nother rivers, and on its borders are\\nNewport, Bristol, Warren, and oth-\\ner large and flourishing towns. It\\nis decked with many islands of great\\nfertility and beauty; the principal\\nof which are Connanicut, Prudence,\\nPatience, Block and Hope. This\\nbay is near the ocean is accessible\\nat all seasons is well protected by\\npowerful forts, and affords some of\\nthe best harbors in the world. The\\nboard of naval commissioners have\\nrecently reported to Congress that\\nthe waters of Narraganset Bay af-\\nford greater advantages for a naval\\ndepot, than any other unoccupied\\nposition on the coast of the United\\nStates.\\nNarraguagus River Bay, Me.\\nWashington co. The river rises\\nin several ponds in Beddington, and\\npassing in a southeastern direction,\\nfalls into a bay of the same name,\\nbetween Harrington and Steuben.\\nThe bay contains a number of isl-\\nands, between which is a good pas-\\nsage into Pleasant bay, on the east\\nside.\\nIVastiawn Island, Mass.,\\nAnd Nashawejvna. See Eliz\\nabeth Islands.\\nNasliua River,\\nA beautiful stream on the S.part of\\nHillsborough co. N.H. has its source\\nin Worcester county, Massachu-\\nsetts. It is formed of two branches\\ncalled the north and south branches.\\nThe north branch is formed of two\\nstreams, one from Ashburnham, the\\nother from Wachuset ponds. The\\nsouth branch is composed of Still\\nriver, issuing from the E. side of\\nWachuset mountain, and a small\\nstream from Quinepoxet pond in\\nHolden. These branches are uni-\\nted in Lancaster, from which the\\nmain river proceeds in a N. E.\\ncourse to Harvard, Shirley, Groton,\\nand Pepperell in Massachusetts\\nand from thence into New Hamp-\\nshire through Hollis, and nearly\\nthe centre of the town of Nashua,\\nwhere it falls into the Merrimack\\nriver.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0286.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nNasliua, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. This town\\noriginally embraced a large extent\\nof territory, and was called Dun-\\nstable until 1S36. It lies 34 miles\\nS. by E. from Concord, 12 S. E.\\nfrom Amherst, and 12 N. W. from\\nLowell. The population of Dunsta-\\nble, in 1830, was 2,414. Population\\nof Nashua, in 1S36, 5,0G5 1837,\\n5,G13; 1838, 5,691.\\nIn the N. E. part of the town,\\non Nashua river, is the flourishing\\nVillage of A^ ashiia, the centre of\\na considerable trade, and the seat\\nof important manufactures. This\\nvillage contains 8 beautiful church-\\nes, a large number of elegant dwell-\\ning-houses, 50 stores, and 10 tav-\\nerns.\\nThe JS^ ashiia Manufacturing\\nCoynpany was incoi-porated in 1823.\\nIthas three cotton mills, 155 feet in\\nlength, 45 in breadth and six stories\\nin height. They contain 22,000 spin-\\ndles, 710 looms, and manufacture\\n9,390,000 yai-ds of cloth per annum.\\nTheir canal is 3 miles long, 60 feet\\nwide, and 8 feet deep. Head and\\nfall, 33 feet. Capital, $750,000.\\nThe Jackson Manvfacturing\\nCompany was incorporated in 1824.\\nCapital, $600,000. They have two\\ncotton mills, 155 feet long, 47 wide,\\nand 4 stories high. These mills\\ncontain 11,500 spindles, and 388\\nlooms. They manufacture 5,634,-\\n000, yards of cloth annually. Their\\ncanal is half a mile in length, and\\nserves for transportation on the\\nriver. Head and fall, 20 feet.\\nThe volume of water afforded by\\nthe Nashua river, at the dryest sea-\\nson of the year, is 180 cubic feet\\nper second.\\nThe number of operatives in all\\nthe mills at Nashua is 1,448: fe-\\nmales, 1,288; males, 160. The\\nnumber of pounds of cotton used is\\n14,500 per day, or 4,533,500 lbs. per\\nannum.\\nThere are other valuable manu-\\n23*\\nfactures on Nashua river and the\\nwaters of Salmon brook.\\nThe Nashua and Lowell rail-\\nroad was opened for travel on the\\nSth of October, 1838.\\nThe soil of Nashua has consider-\\nable variety. It is easy of culti-\\nvation, and is generally productive.\\nThe east part of the town, lying on\\nthe river, presents avery level sur-\\nface. The west parts are divided\\ninto hills and valleys, but the whole\\ntownship may be considered far\\nfrom being hilly or mountainous.\\nIt is watered by the Nashua river,\\na fertilizing stream, which rises in\\nthe state of Massachusetts, and\\nSalmon brook, a small stream which\\noriginates from several ponds in\\nGroton. Both of these empty into\\nMerrimack river, the former at\\nNashua village, the latter about one\\nand a half mile below.\\nThis was for a long time a fron-\\ntier town, and the first settlers were\\nmany times annoyed by the Indians,\\nin the successive v/ars in which\\nthis country was engaged with\\nthem. In the war with the famous\\nNarraganset sachem, this town\\nwas much exposed, and some of\\nthe inhabitants fled to the older set-\\ntlements. In Lovewell s war, the\\ncompany in this town under the\\nbrave Capt. John Lovewell, acquir-\\ned an imperishable name. Their\\nsuccesses at first, and misfortunes\\nafterwards, have been often repeat-\\ned and are generally known.\\nDunstable belonged to Massa-\\nchusetts till the divisional line be-\\ntween the two provinces of Massa-\\nchusetts and New Hampshire wms\\nsettled, in 1741. It was incorpora-\\nted by New Hampshire, April 1,\\n1746, and the name was altered to\\nNashua in December, 1836.\\nNatcSiaiig River, Ct.\\nThis is the largest branch of the\\nSheiucket. It rises in Union and\\nWoodstock, and joins the Shetucket\\nnear the line of Chaplin and Mans-\\nfield.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0287.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWatick, Mass.\\nMiddlesex CO. Natick is a pleas-\\nant town, of good soil it is watered\\nby Charles riv^er, and contains sev-\\neral delightful ponds, well stored\\nwith fish. This was a favorite re-\\nsort of the Indians. There are\\nsome moderate elevations in the\\ntown: the Indians used to call it\\nthe place of hills.\\nUnder the advice and direction\\nof the apostle Elliot, the first In-\\ndian church in New England was\\nformed here in IfiGO, and comprised\\n40 communicants.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist principally of shoes. Dur-\\ning the year ending April 1, 1837,\\n250,650 pairs were made, valued at\\n$213,053 employing 452 hands.\\nThis town was incorporated in 1781.\\nPopulation, 1830,890; 1837,1,221.\\nIt lies 1() miles W. S. W. from Bos-\\nton, and 12 S. from Concord.\\nK aiigat iicls; River, Ct,\\nThis important mill stream is\\nahout 50 miles in length. It lises\\nin the north part of Litchfield coun-\\nty, and after traversing a S. course\\nnearly the whole length of that\\ncounty, it crosses the west part of\\nNew Haven county, and falls into\\nthe Hnusatonick at Derby.\\nNeal s Bi ooli and Pond, Vt.\\nNeal s brook, or branch, rises in\\nLunen burgh and the border of\\nGuildhall, and running south falls\\ninto a pond of the same name. It\\ncontinues its course south and meets I\\nthe Connecticut. This is a short\\nstream, but valuable on account of\\nits water power.\\nJYeaVs pond, a mile in length,\\nand a half mile in width, is a\\nhandsome sheet of water, and con-\\ntains a variety of fish.\\nNeedliani, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town is nearly\\nsurrounded by the waters of Charles\\nriver. It contains numerous valua-\\nble mill seats. There are in the\\ntown 6 paper mills, a cotton facto-\\nry, and manufactures of shoes,\\nhats, and v/indow blind hinges\\nannual value, about ie;150,00{). In-\\ncorporated, 1711. Population, 1837,\\nl,4i)2. Needham lies 4 m.iles N.\\nW. from Dedham, and 12 W. S. W.\\nfi-om Boston, by the Boston and Wor-\\ncester rail-road.\\nNeddocli, Cape, Me.\\nA rocky, barren bluff, inhabited\\nby a fev.f fishermen, about 3 miles\\nN. from York harbor.\\nMclson, M. II,,\\nCheshire co., is situated on tlie\\nheight of land between Connect!\\ncut and Meriimack rivers. The\\nsurface is hilly, but good for graz-\\ning. In the S. part^ a branch of\\nthe Ashuelot river rises and from\\nLong pond in this town, and Han-\\ncock, issues a branch of Ccntoocook\\nriver. The best mill privileges are\\nfurnished by streams issuing from\\nponds in this town, of which there\\nare four, containing a surface of\\n1,800 acres. There is a cotton and\\nother manufactories. The inhabit-\\nants arc principally farmers of in-\\ndustiious habits. It was chartered\\nFeb. 22, 1774, by the name of\\nPachersfiehl. In June, 1814, the\\nname was altered to Nelson. The\\nfirst settlements commenced inl767.\\nNelson lies 40 miles S. W. from\\nConcord, and 8 N. E. from Keene.\\nPopulation, 1830, 875.\\nK ep onset Hiver, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. The sources ot this\\nriver are in Canton, Stoughton, and\\nSharon. It receives a tributary\\nfrom Charles river. Mother brook,\\nso called, and meets the tide of Bos-\\nton harbor at Milton Mills, 4 miles\\nfrom Dorchester bay. This is a\\nnoble mill stream on its navigable\\nwaters is the depository of the Quin-\\ncy granite rail-road company, and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0288.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nat its mouth is Commercial Point, in\\nDorchester, a beautiful place, with\\nan excellent harbor.\\nKe^vaggen, Cape, Me.\\nThis cape is a part of the town of\\nLoothbay. It extends about 5 miles\\ninto the sea, and forms the eastern\\nboundary of Sheepscot s bay.\\nNe-^vai-k, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. The Passumpsic\\nriver is formed in this town by a\\ncollection of streams issuing prin-\\ncipally from ponds. The town is\\nnot mountainous, but the soil is cold\\nand generally unproductive. It\\nlies 44 miles N. E. from Montpe-\\n!ier,and 19 N. W. from Guildhall.\\nFirst settled, ISOO. Population, in\\n1830, 257.\\nK e^v Aslifortl, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a moun-\\ntainous township, but the soil is\\ngood for grazing. In 1S37, tlie val-\\nue of 2,708 fleeces of wool, pro-\\nduced in tliis town, weighing 7,785\\npounds, was worth $3,893. New\\nAsh ford produces fine white and\\nvariegated marble, and is the source\\nof Green river. It lies 130 miles\\nW. by N. from Boston, and 18 N.\\nfrom Lenox. Incorporated, 1801.\\nPopulation, 1837, 253.\\nNeiv Bedford, Mass.\\nThis is a half shire town of Bristol\\ncounty, and port of entry, pleas-\\nantly situated on the W. side of the\\nAcushnet, a river, or more pi-opcr-\\nly an estuary, connected with Buz-\\nzard s bay. The ground on which\\nthe town stands rises rapidly from\\nthe river, and allbrds an interesting\\nview from the opposite side.\\nThe upper part of the town is\\nlaid out into beautiful streets, which\\ncontain many costly and superb\\ndwellings.\\nThis harbor, though not easy of\\naccess, is capacious and well secur-\\ned from winds. A wooden bridge,\\nnear the centre of the town, con-\\nnects it with the village of Fair-\\nhaven. A ferry has also been es-\\ntablished, on which it is proposed to\\nrun a steam boat.\\nNew Bedford was incorporated\\nin 1787, previous to which it con-\\nstituted a part of the town of Dart-\\nmouth. In 1812, the eastern part\\nwas set otf as a separate township\\nby the name of Fairhaven.\\nThe almost exclusive business of\\nthe place is the whale fishery,\\nwhich commenced before the war\\nof the revolution, and has gradual-\\nly grown to its present importance.\\nThe increase, however, within the\\nlast 12 years has been more rapid\\nthan during any former period.\\nThe number of ships and brigs now\\nemployed is 160. Tonnage of the\\ndistrict, in 1837, 85,130 tons.\\nThere are 16 oil manufactories, at\\nwhich a large amount of oil and can-\\ndles is made. A considerable quan-\\ntity of the oil imported is, however,\\nsold in the crude state to other pla-\\nces.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of leather, boots, shoes, hats,\\niron castings, axes, chairs, tin and\\ncabinet wares, vessels, salt, cord-\\nage, soap, Prussian blue, paper\\nhangings, carriages, looking-glass\\nfiames, and carpenter s tools the\\ntotal value, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, including oil and can-\\ndles, amounted to .$\u00e2\u0082\u00ac90,800. There\\nwere imported, during that year,\\n2,472,735 gallons of oil, and 305,170\\npouu is of whale bone, the value\\nof which was $1,750,832. The\\ncapital invested in the whale fish-\\nery was $4,210,000. The num-\\nber of hands employed was 4,000.\\nFew places in Massachusetts have\\nincreased in population more rapidly\\nthan tills. By the census of 1790,\\nthe population of the village was\\nabout 700. In 1830, the township\\ncontained 7,592 in 1833, 9,200,\\nand in 1837, 14,304.\\nV/ilhin a few years, the inhabitants\\nof this town have manifested a com-\\nmendable liberality in providing the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0289.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmeans of education. There is a\\nflourishing academy in the town, and\\nlarge sums are annually appropria-\\nted tor the maintenance of public\\nand private schools.\\nA rail-road will soon be construct-\\ned from this place, to meet the Bos-\\nton and Providence, at Scekonk,\\nby the way of Fall River; or to\\nmeet the Taunton rail-road at Taun-\\nton. By either of those routes, a\\ntrip to Boston or New York, would\\nbe very pleasant. A large and\\nwealthy town, highly flourisliing\\nin its commerce and manufactures\\nlike this, with the neighboring isl-\\nands of Nantucket and Martha s\\nVineyard, seem to require it.\\nNew Bedford lies 52 miles S.\\nfrom Boston, 52 N. W. from Nan-\\ntucket, 14 E. by S. fi-om Fall River,\\n20 S. S. E. from Taunton, and 214\\nN. E. by E. from New York.\\nNe^v Bostoii, N. 11.,\\nHillsborough co., is 9 miles N.\\nN. W. from Amherst, and 22 S.\\nby W. from Concord. It is water-\\ned by several streams, the largest\\nof which is the S. branch of Piscat-\\naquog river, having its source in\\nPleasant pond, in Francestown.\\nThis town consists of fertile hills,\\nproductive vales, and some valuable\\nmeadows. The soil is favorable for\\nall the vai ious productions common\\nto this section of the state, and there\\nare many excellent farms, under\\ngood cultivation. In the S. part of\\nNew Boston, there is a considerable\\nelevation, called Jo English hill, on\\none side of which it is nearly per-\\npendicular. Its height is 572 feet.\\nBeard s pond, and Jo English pond,\\nare the only ponds of note. New\\nBoston was granted, 173G, to inhab-\\nitants of Boston. It was incorpora-\\nted, 1763. The first settlement\\ncommenced about the year 1733.\\nThe first minister was Rev. Solo-\\nmon Moor, from Ireland, who re-\\nceived his education at Glasgow.\\nIn Feb. 1767, he arrived at New\\nBoston, and was ordained Sept. 6,\\n1768; died May 28, 1803, aged 67.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,680.\\nNew Braiiitree, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Ware river and\\nother streams water this town, and\\nafford it good mill privileges. The\\nsoil of the town is good, particular-\\nly for grazing it has become cele-\\nbrated for its good farmers, and for\\nits excellent beef cattle, butter and\\ncheese. There is a cotton mill in\\nthe town, and manufactures of\\nleather, palm-leaf hats, c. It lies\\n60 miles W. from Boston, and 18 W.\\nN. W. from Worcester. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1751. Population, 1837, 780.\\nNe^\\\\ l \u00c2\u00abirgli, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a good\\ntownship of land, 54 miles N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, and 14 S. W. from\\nBangor. Incorporated, 1819. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 626; 1837,867. Wa-\\ntered by a branch of the Sowadabs-\\ncook. Wheat crop, 1837, 5,041\\nbushels.\\nNewbury, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. This town was\\noriginally caWed Dantzick it was\\nincorporated by the name of Fish-\\nersfield, in 1778, and took its pres-\\nent name, in 1S37. It lies 40 miles\\nN. V/. by W. from Amherst, and\\n30 W. by N. from Concord. The\\nS. part of Sunapee lake lies in the\\nN. W. part. Todd pond, 500 rods\\nin length, and 60 in width, affords a\\nsmall branch to Warner river.\\nFrom Chalk pond issues a small\\nstream communicating with Suna-\\npee lake. The land is generally\\nmountainous, and the soil hard and\\nrocky. The first settlement in this\\ntown was made in the year 1762,\\nby Zephaniali Clark, Esq. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 793.\\nNetvlrary, Vt.\\nOrange co. This is a beautiful\\ntown on the W. side of Connecti-\\ncut river, and supplied with mill\\nprivileges by Wells river^ and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0290.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nHariman sand Hill s brooks. These\\nbrooks have their sources in ponds\\nof considerable size. Newbury\\ncomprises the tract commonly call-\\ned the Greai Oxbow, on a bend in\\nConnecticut river. This tract is of\\ngreat extent, and celebrated for its\\nluxuriance and beauty. The agri-\\ncultural productions of the town are\\nvery valuable, consisting of beef\\ncattle, wool, and all the varieties of\\nthe dairy. The town contains a\\nnumber of mineral springs, of some\\ncelebrity in scrofulous and cutane-\\nous complaints.\\nThe villages of JVewhury mid\\nWells River are very pleasant\\nthey command a flourishing trade,\\nand contain manufacturing estab-\\nlishments of various kinds. Some\\nof the buildings are very handsome.\\nThe scenery of the windings of the\\nriver through this fine tract of al-\\nluvial meadow, contrasted with the\\nabrupt acclivities in the north part\\nof the town, is very striking and\\nbeautiful.\\nThe town is connected with Ha-\\nverhill, N. H., by two bridges. It\\nlies 27 miles S. E. from Montpelier,\\nand 20 N. E. from Chelsea. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 2,252. First settled,\\n1764. The first settlers endured\\nmany hardships. For some years\\nthey had to go to Charlestown to\\nmill, 60 miles distant, carrying their\\ngrain in canoes down the river, or\\ndrawing it on the ice.\\nGeneral Bailey, a patriot of the\\nrevolution, distinguished himself in\\nthe settlement of the town.\\nThe state legislature held their\\nsessions in Newbury, in the years\\n1787, and 1801.\\nNewtotiry, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This ancient and re-\\nspectable town, lies on Merrimack\\nriver, opposite to Salisbury. It for-\\nmerly comprised the territory of\\nNewburyport and West Newbury.\\nThe soil is of an excellent quality,\\nand in a high state of cultivation.\\nParker and Artichoke rivers are\\npleasant streams the former falls\\nnearly 50 ft^et in the town, and af-\\nfords it good mill seats. A part of\\nPlum island, is attached to this town.\\nThis island, about nine miles in\\nlength and one in breadth, extend-\\ning from Ipswich river to the mouth\\nof the Merrimack, is comprised of\\nsandy beach and salt meadow and\\nis noted for the beach plum, which\\nripens in September.\\nA curious cavern, called the\\nDevil s Den, contains specimens\\nof asbestos, limestone, marble, ser-\\npentine and amianthos. The scene-\\nry on the high grounds is rich, va-\\nriegated and beautiful.\\nDummer academy, founded in\\n1756, is a flourishing institution: it\\nis situated in the parish of By-\\nfield.\\nThe manufactures of Newbury\\nconsist of cotton goods, leather,\\nboots, shoes, carriages, cordage,\\nfishing nets, bed cords and cotton\\nlines annual value about ^75,000,\\nA large number of vessels are built\\nin the town, and some navigation\\nis owned and employed in the coast-,\\ning trade and fishery.\\nThis town is celebrated as the\\nbirth place of many distinguished\\nmen. Theophilus Parsoivs,\\nLL. D., an eminent jurist, was born\\nin Newbury. February 24, 1750.\\nHe died in Boston, October 6, 1813.\\nNewbury was first settled, in\\n1635. Its Indian name \\\\vas Qua/\\ncaciinquen. It lies 31 miles N. by\\nE. from Boston, 17 N. from Salem,\\nand 3 S. from Newburyport. Pop\\nulation, 1837, 3,771.\\nKTeAvbiiryport, Mass.\\nOne of the shire towns of Essex\\ncounty. Thisis considered one of the\\nmost beautiful towns in New Eng-\\nland. It lies on a gentle acclivity,\\non the south bank of the Merri-\\nmack, at the union of that river\\nwith the ocean. In point of terri-\\ntory, it is the smallest town in the\\ncommonwealth, being only one mile\\nsquare. It was taken from New-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0291.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbury in 1764. Population, in 1837,\\n6,741. This place has been and\\nnow is considerably noted for its\\ncommerce and ship building. Some\\nof the old continental frigates were\\nbuilt here and in 1790, the ton-\\nnage of the port was 11,870 tons.\\nOf late years the foreign commerce\\nof the place has diminished, in con-\\nsequence of a sand bar at the mouth\\nof the harbor. This place has con-\\nsiderable inland and foreign com-\\nmerce. It has four whale ships,\\nand a large amount of tonnage en-\\ngaged in the freighting business\\nand the cod and mackerel fisheries.\\nTonnage of the district, in 1837,\\n22,078 tons.\\nThe manufactures of Nevvbury-\\nport consist of cotton goods, boots,\\nshoes, hats, bar iron, iron castings,\\nchairs, cabinet and tin wares, combs,\\nspirits, vessels, snuff, segars, or-\\ngans, soap and candles: annual\\namount about $350,000. The pro-\\nduct of the whale fishery, the year\\nending April 1, 1837, was $142,982.\\nDuring the same period, this town\\nand Newbury had 128 vessels em-\\nployed in the cod and mackerel\\nfishery, employing 1,000 hands:\\nproduct that year, $177,700.\\nNewburyport lies 34 miles N. by\\nE. from Boston, 20 N. fiom Salem,\\n24 S. by W. from Portsmouth, N.\\nH., and 2 miles S. E. from Essex\\nbridge. Lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 47 N. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0\\n47 W. From the mouth of this\\nharbor. Plum Island, extends to the\\nmouth of Ipswich river.\\nThe Hon. William Bartlett\\nand Moses Brown, Esq., distin-\\nguished for their enterprise and in-\\ntegrity as merchants, were natives\\nof this town.\\nThe celebrated George White-\\nfield, one of the founders of the\\nsect of the Methodists, and one of\\nits most eloquent preachers, died in\\nthis town, Sept. 21, 1770.\\nA handsome monument has been\\nerected to his memory, by the Hon.\\nWilliam Bartlett, the fol-\\nlowing is a part of the inscription\\nThis Cenotaph\\nIs erected, with affectionate\\nveneration, to\\nThe memory of the\\nRev. GEORGE WHITEFIELD\\nBorn at Gloucester, England,\\nDecember IG, 1714.\\nEducated at Oxford University}\\nOrdained 1736.\\nIn a ministry of thirty-four years,\\nHe crossed tlie Atlantic thirteen times,\\nAnd preached more\\nThan eighteen thousand sermons.\\nAs a Soldier of the\\nCross, humble, devout, ardent.\\nHe put on the\\nWhole armor of God; Preferring\\nThe honour of Christ\\nTo his own interest, repose.\\nReputation, and life.\\nNew Cauaau, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town was tak-\\nen from Norwalk and Stamford in\\n1801. It lies .5 miles N. W. from\\nNorwalk, 37 W. S. W. from New\\nHaven, and 50 N. E. from New\\nYork. Population, 1830, 1,826.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surface of tlie town is rough\\nand mountainous; the soil is a hard,\\ngravelly loam, but generally pro-\\nductive. The manufacture of shoes\\nis carried on to a considerable ex-\\ntent the annual value is about\\n$400,000.\\nAn academy was established here\\nin 1815, and has acquired a high\\nreputation. It stands on an eleva-\\nted and commanding situation, hav-\\ning a fine prospect of Long Island\\nSound and the intervening country.\\nPestles and other Indian implements\\nhave been found at the north part of\\nthe town, which probably was the\\nresort of the natives. Excavations\\nin solid rock, one large enough to\\ncontain eight gallons, are found\\nthese were doubtless Indian mor-\\ntars.\\nNew Castle, Me.\\nLincolnco. New Castle lieson the\\nW. side of Damariscotta river, about\\n15 miles from its mouth. It is\\n36 miles S. E. from Augusta, and\\n8 N. E. from Wiscasset. Incorpo-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0292.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrated, 1753. Population, in 18.37,\\n1,545. This is a pleasant town, and\\nflourishing in its trade and naviga-\\ntion.\\nNew Castle, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., is a rough and\\nrocky island, situated in Portsmouth\\nharbor, and formerly called Great\\nIsland. A handsome bridge, built\\nin 1821, connects this town with\\nPortsmouth. Here is an ancient\\nchurch. Rev. Samuel Moody\\npreached here previous to the com-\\nmencement of the ISth century.\\nNew Castle was incorporated in\\n1693, and contains 458 acres. This\\nisland was the seat of business,\\nwhen ancient Strawberry Bank\\nwas the mere germ of the town of\\nPortsmouth. Fishing is here pur-\\n.sued with success and the soil\\nanions: the rocks, being of good\\nquality, is made to produce abund-\\nantly. Fort Constitution and the\\nlight-house stand on this island.\\nPopulation, 1830, 850.\\nNe^v Fairfield, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This is a small town-\\nship, rough and hilly, with a hard\\nand gravelly soil. It lies 64 miles\\nS. W. from Hartford, and 7 N. from\\nDanbury. Incorporated, in 1740.\\nPopulation, 1830, 940.\\nNew Durliam, N. H.\\nStrafford co. The surface of this\\ntown is very uneven, a portion so\\nrocky as to be unfit for cultivation.\\nThe soil is generally moist, and\\nwell adapted to grazing. There\\nare 5 ponds in New Durham, the\\nlargest of which is INIerrymeeting\\npond, about 10 miles in circumfer-\\nence, from which a copious and\\nperpetual stream runs into Merry-\\nmeeting bay, in Alton. Ela s river\\nflows from Coldrain pond into Farm-\\nington, on which is a fine waterfall.\\nThe Cocheco also has its source\\nhere. Mount Betty, Cropple-crown\\nand Straw s mountains are the prin-\\ncipal eminences. On the N. E. side\\nof the latter is a remarkable cave,\\nthe entrance of which is about 3\\nfeet wide and 10 feet high. The\\nouter room is 20 feet square the\\ninner apartments become smaller,\\nuntil at the distance of 50 feet they\\nare too small to be investigated.\\nThe sides, both of the galleries and\\nthe rooms are solid granite. They\\nbear marks of having been once\\nunited, and were probably separat-\\ned by some great convulsion of\\nnature.\\nThere is a fountain, over which a\\npart of Ela s river passes, which is\\nregarded as a curiosity. By sinking\\na small mouthed vessel into this\\nfountain, water may be procured\\nextremely cold and pure. Its depth\\nhas not been ascertained. Near the\\ncentre of the town is Rattlesnake\\nhill, the S. side of which is almost\\n100 feet high, and nearly perpen-\\ndicular. Several other hills in this\\ntown contain precipices and cavi-\\nties, some of considerable extent.\\nNew Durham was granted in 1749.\\nIt was incorporated Dec. 7, 1762.\\nElder Benjamin Randall, the\\nfounder of the sect of Freewill\\nBaptists, commenced his labors here\\nin 1780, and organized a church.\\nHe died in 1808, aged 60.\\nNew Durham lies 30 miles N. E.\\nfrom Concord, and 32 N. W. by N.\\nfrom Dover. Population, in 1830,\\n1,162.\\nNeM fane, Vt.\\nWindham co. County town.\\nNewfane lies about 100 miles S.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 12 N. W.\\nfrom Brattleborough. First settled,\\n1766. The town is watered by a\\nbranch of West river, and several\\nother streams. The surface of the\\ntown is diversified by hills and val-\\nleys; the soil is good, and produces\\nwhite oak and walnut in abundance.\\nThere is but little waste land in the\\ntown: the uplands are inferior to\\nnone for grazing, and the intervales\\nafford excellent tillage. Newfane\\nexhibits a great variety of minerals.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0293.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\namong which are some of value.\\nPerhaps no town in the state pre-\\nsents a more inviting field for the\\nmineralogist than this.\\nThere are two pleasant villages\\nin the town. The centre village\\ncontains the county buildings it is\\non elevated land, and commands a\\nvery extensive and delightful pros-\\npect. Population, 1830, 1,441.\\nNeAvfoiind Pond and River,N.H.\\nSee Bristol.\\nNovfield, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is watered\\nby Little Ossipee river, and lies 99\\nmiles S. W. by W. from Au2:usta,\\nand 15 N. W. from Alfred, it is\\na good farming town and produces\\nconsiderable wheat and wool. It\\nwas incorporated in 1794. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,322\\nNew Gloucester, Me.\\nCumberland CO. This is a pleasant\\nand flourishing farming town, 23\\nmiles N. from Portland, and 38 S.\\nW. from Augusta. Incorporated,\\n1774. Population, 1837, 1,861. It\\nis well watered by Royal s river,\\non which are mills of various kinds.\\nThe soil of the town is very fertile,\\ncontaining large tracts of intervale.\\nThe first settlers were compelled\\nto build a block house for their pro-\\ntection against the Indians. In this\\nbuilding the people attended pub-\\nlic worship for a number of years.\\nThis town has an abundant water\\npower, a school fund of $4,000, and\\na society of about 300 of those neat\\nand industrious people, whose\\nfaith is one and whose practice is\\none. See Canterbury, JV. H.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0294.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nThis state is bounded north by Lower Canada, east by Maine, south-\\neast by the Atlantic and the State of Massachusetts, south by Massa-\\nchusetts, and west and north-west by Vermont. Situated between 42\u00c2\u00b0\\n40 and 45\u00c2\u00b0 16 N. lat., and 72\u00c2\u00b0 27 and 70\u00c2\u00b0 35 W. Ion. Its length is\\n168, and its greatest breadth about 90 miles, and it comprises an area of\\nabout 9,280 square miles.\\nThe first discovery of New Hampshire was in 1614, and the first set-\\ntlements made by Europeans were at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623;\\nonly three vears after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The\\nnext settlements were at Exeter and Hampton, in 1638. The inhabit-\\nants of these and all the early settlements, until after the cession of Can-\\nada to England by France, were greatly annoyed by the Indians, who\\nexisted in\\\\rge and powerful bodies in this then wilderness. In the re-\\npeated and general wars with the Indians, New Hampshire suffered more\\nthan any other of the colonies. This colony was twice united with that\\nof Massachusetts, and the final separation did not take place until 1741,\\nwhen the boundaries of the two colonies were settled. In the revolu-\\ntionary contest. New Hampshire bore a distinguished and honorable part.\\nThe blood of her sons was freely shed on most of the battle fields of the\\nrevolution. As early as June 15, 1776, New Hampshire made a public\\nDeclaration^ of Ixdepei^denck, and in December of that year, the\\ndelegates of the people adopted a temporary form of Government, which\\nwas continued until 1784, when the first constitution was adopted. This\\n24", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0295.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbeino- found deficient in some of its provisions, a new constitution was\\nadopted in 1792, which is now in force.\\nThe executive power h vested in a Governor and five Counsellors, chos-\\nen annually by the people. The legislature consists of the Senate, com-\\nprising twelve members, chosen in twelve districts, and the House of\\nRepresentatives, chosen annually in the month of March, every town\\nhaving 150 rateable polls being entitled to send one, and an additional\\nrepresentative for every 300 additional polls. The legislature assembles\\nannually at Concord, on the first Wednesday of June.\\nAll male citizens, of 21 years and upwards, except paupers and per-\\nsons excused from taxes, have a right to vote for state officers a resi-\\ndence of at least three months within the town being required to entitle\\nthe person to vote.\\nThe judiciary power is vested in a Superior Court of Judicature, and\\nCourts of Common Pleas. The four Judges of the Superior Court, hold\\nlaw terms once a year in each of the counties; and Judges of the Supe-\\nrior Court are ex officio Presiding Judges in the courts of Common Pleas,\\nholden semi-annually in each county, by one of the Superior Judges\\nwith the two Associate Justices of the Common Pleas for each coun y.\\nThe Judges hold their offices during good behavior, until 70 years of age\\nbut are subject to removal by impeachment, or by address of the two\\nhouses of the legislature.\\nSuccession of Governors.\\nMeshech Weare,* 1776\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1784. John Langdon, 1785. John Sullivan,\\n1786, 1787. John Langdon, 1788. John Sullivan, 1789. Josiah Bart-\\nlett, 1790\u00e2\u0080\u00941793. John Taylor Gilman, 1794-1804. John Langdon,\\n1805-1808. Jeremiah Smith, 1809. John Langdon, 1810, 1811. Wil-\\nliam Plumer, 1812. John Taylor Gilman, 1813\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1815. William Plumer,\\n1816\u00e2\u0080\u00941818. Samuel Bell, 1819\u00e2\u0080\u00941822. Levi Woodbury, 1823.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nDavid Lawrence Morril, 1821 1826. Benjamin Pierce, 1827. John\\nBell, 1823. Benjamin Pierce, 1829. Matthew Harvey, 1830. Samuel\\nDinsmoor, 1831\u00e2\u0080\u00941833. William Badger, 1834, 1835. Isaac Hill, 1836\\n183S. John Page, 1839\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSuccession of Chief Justices of the Superior Court,\\nMeshech Weare, 1776\u00e2\u0080\u00941781. Samuel Livermore, 1782\u00e2\u0080\u00941789. Jo-\\nsiah Bartlett, 1790. John Pickering, 1791\u00e2\u0080\u00941794. Simeon Olcott, 1795\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00941801. Jeremiah Smith, 1802\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1808. Arthur Livermore, 1809\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1812.\\nThe Chief Magistrates were styled Presideiit, until the adoption of the\\nConstitution of 1792, when the title of Governor was substituted.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0296.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nJeremiah Smith, 1813\u00e2\u0080\u00941815. William Merchant Richardson, 1816\\n1837. Joel Parker, 1838\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nNew Hampshire is divided into eight counties, as follows\\nCounties.\\nNo of Population\\ntowns, in 1830.\\nShire Towns.\\nRockingham,\\n35\\n44,552\\nPortsmouth, Exeter.\\nStrafford,\\n33\\n58,916\\nDover, Gilford, Rochester,\\nMerrimack,\\n24\\n34,619\\nConcord.\\nHillsborough,\\n30\\n37,762\\nAmherst.\\nCheshire,\\n23\\n27,016\\nKeene.\\nSullivan,\\n15\\n19,687\\nNewport.\\nGrafton,\\n37\\n38,691\\nHaverhill, Plymouth.\\nCoos,\\n27\\n224\\n8,390\\nLancaster.\\n269,633\\nNew Hampshire is more mountainous than any of her sister states, yet\\nshe boasts of large quantities of luxuriant intervale. Her high lands\\nproduce food for cattle of peculiar sweetness and no where can be found\\nthe necessaries, conveniences, and luxuries of life, united, in greater\\nabundance cattle and wool are its principal staples. This state may be\\nsaid to be the mother of New England rivers. The Connecticut, Mer-\\nrimack, Saco, Androscoggin and Piscataqua, receive most of their waters\\nfrom the high lands of New Hampshire while the former washes the\\nwestern boundary of the state 168 miles, the Merrimack pierces its cen-\\ntre, and the Piscataqua forms the beautiful harbor of Portsmouth, a depot\\nof the American navy.\\nThese majestic rivers, with their tributary streams afford this state an\\nimmense water power, of which manufacturers, with large capitals, avail\\nthemselves.\\nThe largest collection of water in the state is Lake Winnepisiogce,\\n(pronounced Win-ne-pe-sok -e.) It is one of the most varied and beau-\\ntiful sheets of water on the American continent. Lakes Connecticut,\\nOssipee, Umbagog, Squam, Sunapee, and Massabesick, are large collec-\\ntions of water, and abound with fish and fowl.\\nNew Hampshire is frequently called the Granite State, from the vast\\nquantities of that rock found within its territory. The granite is of a su-\\nperior quality, and much of it is quarried and transported to other states.\\nThe geological structure of the state is highly interesting. Iron and cop-\\nper ore and plumbago, of excellent qualities, are found and coal and\\nother valuable minerals are supposed to exist.\\nThis state is also called the Switzerland of .America, on account of\\nthe salubrity of its climate its wild and picturesque landscapes its\\nlakes and rapid streams. The celebi-ated White Mountains, in the north-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0297.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nern part of the state, are of great elevation, and afford the grandest dis-\\nplay of mountain scenery in our country. See Winnepisio gee Lake, and\\nWliite Mountains also Register.\\nHew Hamptoii; N. II.j\\nStrafford co., lies 30 miles N.\\nhy W. from Concord, and about 20\\nN. W. from Gilmanton. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,904. Pemigewasset\\nriver, which washes the W. bound-\\nary, is the only stream of magni-\\ntude and over it is thrown the\\nbridge which vmites the town with\\nBristol.\\nThere is a remarkable spring on\\nthe W. side of Kelly s hill in this\\ntown, from which issues a stream\\nsufficient to supply several mills.\\nThis stream is never affected by\\nrains or droughts, and falls into the\\nriver after running about a mile.\\nPemigewasset pond lies on the bor-\\nder of Meredith. There are 4 other\\nponds in this town. The soil of\\nNew Hampton, though the surface\\nis broken and uneven, is remarka-\\nbly fertile, producing in abundance\\nmost kinds of grain and grass. The\\nindustry of the inhabitants has en-\\nabled them in years of scarcity to\\nsupply the wants of other towns.\\nIn the S. part of the town there is\\na high hill of a conical form which\\nmay be seen in almost any direc-\\ntion from 10 to 50 miles; the pros-\\npect from the summit of which is\\nvery pleasant.\\nIn 1763, Gen. Jonathan Moulton,\\nof Hampton, having an ox weigh-\\ning 1,400 pounds, fattened for the\\npurpose, hoisted a flag upon his\\nhorns and drove him to Portsmouth\\nas a present to Gov. Wentworth.\\nHe refused to receive any compen-\\nsation for the ox, but requested\\nand received a charter of a small\\ngore of land of 19,422 acres. This\\nsmall gore received the name of\\nJYew Hampton, in honor of liis\\nnative town, in the year 1777.\\nThe Academical and Theologi-\\ncal Institution, in this town, is fine-\\nly located and in a very prosperous\\ncondition. The average number of\\nmale and female scholars is about\\n375. This is one of the best semi-\\nnaries of learning in our country.\\nSee Register.\\nNeAV Hartford, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1733. It lies 20 miles N.\\n\\\\Y. from Hartford, and 11 N. E.\\nfrom Litchfield. Population, 1830,\\n1,766. The surface of the town is\\nhilly and mountainous. The lands\\nare best adapted for grazing. It is\\nwatered by Farmington river and\\nother streams, on which are several\\nmills.\\nIn the eastern part of this town\\nthere is a rough and mountainous\\ndistrict, formerly designated Sa-\\ntan s Kingdom and the few in-\\nhabitants who lived here were in a\\nmeasure shut out from the rest of\\nmankind. An inhabitant of the\\ntown invited one of his neighbors,\\nwho lived within the limits of this\\ndistrict, to go and hear Mr. Marsh,\\nthe first minister who was settled in\\nthe town. He was prevailed upon\\nto go to church in the forenoon, in\\nthe course of his prayer, Mr. Marsh,\\namong other things, prayed that Sa-\\ntan s kingdom might he destroyed.\\nIt appears that the inhabitant of\\nthis district took the expression in\\na literal and tangible sense, having\\nprobably never heard the expres-\\nsion used but in reference to the\\ndistrict wherein he resided. Being\\nasked to go to meeting in the after-\\nnoon, he refused, stating that Mr.\\nMarsh had insulted him for blast", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0298.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhim, said he, when he prayed\\nfor the destruction of Satan s king-\\ndom, he very well knew all my in-\\nterests lay there.\\nXew Haven, Vt.\\nAddison co. The soil of this town\\nis various, consisting of marl, clay\\nand loam, and is generally produc-\\ntive. The waters of Otter creek,\\nMiddlebury river, and Little Otter\\ncreek give the town a good water\\npower. There are some manufac-\\ntures in the town, but agriculture\\nis the chief pursuit of the inhabi-\\ntants. New Haven lies 30 miles\\nW. S. W. from Montpelier, and 7\\nN. W. from Middlebury. First set-\\ntled, 1769. Population, 1830, 1,834.\\nNew Haven County, Ct,\\nChief town, JVew Haven. New\\nHaven county is bounded N. by\\nLitchfield and Hartford counties,\\nE. by Middlesex county, S. by\\nLong Island Sound, and West by\\nLitchfield county and the Housa-\\ntonic river, which separates it from\\nFairfield county. Its average length\\nfrom east to west is about 26 miles,\\nand its width from north to south 21\\nmiles; containing 540 square miles,\\nor 345,600 acres. This county, ly-\\ning on Long Island Sound, has a ve-\\nry extensive maritime border, but\\nits foreign trade is chiefly confined\\nto New Haven harbor. Its fishe-\\nries of oysters and clams, and other\\nfish, are valuable. It is intersect-\\ned by several streams, none of them\\nof very large size, but of some val-\\nue for their water power and fish.\\nOf these the principal are the Pom-\\nperaug and Naugatuc, on the west\\nQuinnipiac, Menunkatuc, West and\\nMill rivers, on the east. The Quin-\\nnipiac is the largest, and passes\\nthrough extensive meadows. The\\ncounty is intersected centrally by\\nthe New Haven and Northampton\\ncanal, which passes through this\\ncounty from north to south. There\\nis a great variety of soil in this\\ncounty, as well as of native vege-\\n24*\\ntable and mineral productions. The\\nrange of secondary country which\\nextends along Connecticut river as\\nfar as Middletown, there leaves\\nthat stream, crosses into this county,\\nand terminates at New Haven.\\nThis intersection of the primitive\\nformation, by a secondary ridge, af-\\nfords a great variety of minerals,\\nand materials for different soils.\\nThe population of this county in\\n1820, was 39,616; 1830,43,847:\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n81 inhabitants to a square mile.\\nThe manufacturing business is quite\\nextensive in the county, and in\\n1837 it contained 23,895 sheep.\\nNeAv Haven, Ct.\\nNew Haven, city and town, the\\nchief town of New Haven county,\\nand the semi-capital of the state of\\nConnecticut, is 76 miles N. E. from\\nNew York, and 300 from Washing-\\nton city, in latitude (Yale College\\nObservatory) 41\u00c2\u00b0 18 30 N., and\\nW. longitude 72\u00c2\u00b0 55 It is situa-\\nted on a large and pleasant plain,\\naround the head of a bay which\\nsets up four miles from Long Isl-\\nand Sound. This plain is nearly\\nlevel, and is partially enclosed by an\\namphitheatre of lofty hills, and by-\\ntwo bold eminences called East and\\nWest rocks, which vary in height\\nfrom 330 to 370 feet. These rocks,\\nwhich consist of trap, terminate in\\nnaked precipitous fronts, and are\\nconspicuous and beautiful objects\\nin the landscape. On the west, the\\nplain is limited by a small stream\\ncalled West river, and on the east\\nby the Quinnipiack, which is navi-\\ngable for several miles. Another\\nstream, called Mill river, passes\\nthrough the eastern part of the city\\nand enters the harbor in union with\\nthe Quinnipiack.\\nNew Haven was planted in April,\\n1638, by a company from London,\\nunder the direction of Theophilus\\nEaton and John Davenport. These\\ntwo men, in the language of Ma-\\nther, were the Moses and Aaron\\nof this new settlement and what-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0299.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTE Eil.\\never there was of good or evil, of f\\nwisdom or folly, in laying the foun-\\ndations of civilized society in this\\npart of New England, must be as-\\ncribed in a great measure to them.\\nThough the government which\\nwas established was extremely pop-\\nular in its form, these men with-\\nout doubt were looked up to for\\ndevising and executing the most\\nimportant measures. Their com-\\npany, as it was called, appear to\\nhave had entire confidence in their\\nsound judgment, ability and integ-\\nrity and they did notning to for-\\nfeit the good opinion of their fol-\\nlowers. Their influence in all the\\nconcerns of the colony, especially\\nin what respected the form of gov-\\nernment, the means of education,\\nand the institutions of religion,\\nmust have been constant and com-\\nmanding.\\nIn 1784, New Haven was incor-\\nporated as a city, the limits of which\\non the northwest fall within those\\nof the town, so that Westville, a\\nsettlement on the foot of West Rock,\\nis excluded from the former. About\\none half of the village of Fair Ha-\\nven, in the eastern portion of the\\ntown, lies within the bounds of the\\ncity. The area of the town is about\\neight, and that of the city about six\\nsquare miles. The harbor is well\\nprotected and spacious, but the wa-\\nter is shallow. A wharf extends\\ninto the harbor about three quar-\\nters of a mile.\\nThe original town is a square,\\nhalf a mile on each side, and subdi-\\nvided by streets four rods in width,\\ninto nine squares, the central one\\nof which is reserved for public uses.\\nMost of the squares are further di-\\nvided by intern 3diate streets. At\\nthe present day, this original plot\\ncomprises less than half of the in-\\nhabited part of the city. Streets\\nand avenues have been opened on\\nevery side, and many of them have\\nbecome thickly settled. The streets\\nare in general, spacious and regu-\\nlar; very many of thera adorned\\nwith lofty elms, which in the sum-\\nmer season contribute much to the\\nbeauty and comfort of the place.\\nThe number of shade trees through-\\nout the city is uncommonly large,\\nand they constitute one of its most\\nattractive features. Most of the\\ndwellincf houses are distino uished\\nfor simplicity and neatness. With-\\nin a few years the style of build-\\ning has greatly improved, and many\\nprivate houses have been erected\\nand are now going up, which dis-\\nplay much elegance and architectu-\\nral taste. The houses are com-\\nmonly detached, and supplied with\\ncourt yards and gardens ornament-\\ned with trees and sbrvibbery, and\\nthe eye is thus gratified with a de-\\nlightful union of the country and\\nthe city.\\nThere are two principal public\\nsquares. The first, commonly call-\\ned the Green, is in the centre of\\nthe original town, and comprises\\nin all a little more than sixteen\\nacres. It is divided into tv o sec-\\ntions by Temple street, which is\\nlined with ranges of stately and\\nover-arching elms, and is considered\\none of the finest streets in the city.\\nThe eastern section of the Green is\\nentirely free from buildings. On\\nthe western section, facing the S.E.,\\nstand 3 churches, two Congregation-\\nal, built of brick, and one Episco-\\npal, of stone: all of these build-\\nings are of excellent appearance.\\nIn the rear of the centre church\\nstands the state house. These four\\nbuildings, taken in connexion with\\nthe line of college edifices on the\\nnext square beyond, and with the\\nsurrounding scenery, constitute a\\ngroup not often equalled in this\\ncountry. The state house is a\\nstructure of great size and admira-\\nble proportions. The porticos are\\nmodelled from those of the temple\\nof Theseus, at Athens, and the\\nbuilding, viewed at a short distance,\\nhas an air of uncommon beauty", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0300.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand majesty. On the northern\\ncorner of this section stands the\\nmethodist church.\\nWooster Square, which lies in\\nthe eastern part of the city, com-\\nprises five acres, and has recent-\\nly been planted with a large num-\\nber of native ornamental trees of\\nvarious kinds.\\nThe Public Cemetery is situated\\nopposite the northern angle of the\\noriginal town plot, and encloses\\nseventeen acres and two thirds. It\\nis divided bv avenues and alleys\\ninto family fots, 32 feet in length\\nand IS in breadth. There is a grave\\nand silent grandeur in this place\\nhut it would appear more beautiful\\nwere it shaded by native trees in\\nstead of Lomhardy poplars.\\nThe State Hospital is located at\\nNew Haven. It is a large and\\ncommodious building of stone, very\\nfavorably situated on elevated\\nground, in the western part of the\\ncity.\\nOne daily and four weekly news-\\npapers, and one religious weekly\\nsheet, are published here. The\\nDaily Herald was the earliest daily\\np^per issued in this state, it having\\nbeen commenced here November\\n26 1832. The other periodical\\npublications of the place, are the\\nYale Literary j\\\\Ias;azine, edited\\nby the students of Yale College\\nthe Quarterly Christian Spectator,\\na work of established reputation,\\nwhich began as a monthly in 13iy,\\nand after ten volumes of that series\\nhad been completed, adopted its\\npresent form, in which it has reach-\\ned its tenth volume and the\\nAmerican Journal of Science and\\nArts, edited by Professor Silliman.\\nThis important periodical was com-\\nmenced in 1819, and has arrived at\\nthe 35th volume, having outlived\\nmany of its early European con-\\ntemporaries. It is a work which has\\ndone much for the advancement of\\nscience, and reflects great honor on\\nthe nation and city of its birth, as\\nwell as on its distinguished editor.\\nThe population of the town, in-\\ncluding the city, was in 1820,\\n8,326 r in 1830, 10,678 in Decem-\\nber, 1833, 12,199, of whom 11,567\\nwere within the city. The num-\\nber of inhabitants in 1837, was esti-\\nmated at 14,000.\\nAs a seat of education. New\\nHaven is justly celebrated. At a\\nmoderate estimate, one thousand\\npersons from abroad are constantly\\nhere for the purposes of receiving\\ninstruction.\\nVale College is one of the most\\nancient and celebrated institutions\\nof learning in the country, and num-\\nbers among her academical gradu-\\nates, 4,824 persons.\\nThe Mineral Collection, well\\nknown as the most extensive in the\\ncountry, occupies a spacious and\\nwell lighted apartment.\\nThe Telescope belonging to the\\ncollege was made by Dolland, and\\nprese nted by Mr. Sheldon Clark,\\nof Oxford. It is an achromatic of\\nfive inches aperture and ten feet\\nfocal length, and is considered an\\ninstrument of great excellence.\\nSee Re\u00c2\u00a3:ister.\\nBeside s the College libraries, there\\nare in the city several libraries of\\nconsiderable extent and importance.\\nAmong them, that belonging to Mr.\\nIthielTown deserves to be particu-\\nlarized. This is a large and precious\\ncollection of books, principally on\\narchitecture and the other fine arts,\\ntogether with many volumes of\\ngi^at antiquity and rarity. It is\\nthe most complete architectural li-\\nbrary in the United States. It is\\nplaced beyond the reach of fire, in\\nan elegant building on Hillhouse\\navenue. In 1837, there were in\\nNew Haven 43 well conducted\\nacademies and private schools,\\nsome cf which were of an elevated\\ncharacter for females. The public\\nschools are well sustained. Ihe\\nannual expenditure for schools is\\nabout $30,000. The whole number\\nof p .jpilsis about 2,500.\\nThere areinNe\\\\\\\\ Haven several", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0301.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ninstitutions for the promotion of the\\nscience, industry and comfort of its\\ninhabitants.\\nThe Connecticut Academy of Arts\\nand Sciences was incorporated in\\n1799. It has published one volume\\nof Memoirs, (8 vo. 1810\u00e2\u0080\u00941813, pp.\\n412 but since the establishment of\\nProf. Silliman s Journal of Science,\\ntheir Memoirs have appeared in that\\nwork.\\nThe American Geological So-\\nciety was incorporated in 1819.\\nIts collection of specimens is con-\\nnected with the mineral cabinet of\\nYale College.\\nThe Yale JVatural History So-\\nciety has existed four years, and\\nhas a considerable collection of\\nbirds, shells, minerals, plants, c.\\nIts transactions have hitherto been\\nmade public through Prof. Silli-\\nman s Journal of Science. The\\nMutual Aid Association is an insti-\\ntution of great utility. The JVew\\nHaven Horticultural Society and\\nthe Orphan Asylum are well sup-\\nported and highly beneficial.\\nThe mechanics of New Haven\\nhave long been distinguished for\\ntheir industry, intelligence and love\\nof knowledge. As early as 1807\\nthey established the Mechanics So-\\nciety, for the promotion of the use-\\nful arts, and the encouragement of\\nindustry and merit. The society\\nis in a prosperous condition. The\\nyoung mechanics have, moreover,\\nestablished for their mutual im-\\nprovement, the Young Mechanics\\nInstitute. The plan has been pro-\\nsecuted with zeal and success.\\nThe Institute has a cabinet of min-\\nerals a collection of philosophical\\napparatus, and several hundred vol-\\numes of books. The manufactures\\nof New Haven are numerous;\\namong which are boots, shoes, car-\\npets, and rugs of a superior quality,\\nstoves, locks, paper, books, hats,\\ntin and cabinet wares, muskets,\\niron castings, machinery, sashes,\\nwindow blinds, c.\\nThe manufacturing interest of\\nNew Haven employs an extensive\\ncapital, and a large number of per-\\nsons.\\nThe foreign commerce of New\\nHaven is principally confined to\\nthe West India Islands, with which\\na considerable trade is carried on.\\nTonnage of the district, in 1837,\\n9,559 tons.\\nA line of packets plies between\\nthis and New York city, and an ex-\\ncellent line of steam-boats furnish-\\nes daily communication with that\\ncity.\\nThe New Haven and Northamp-\\nton Canal connects the waters of\\nConnecticut river at the latterplace,\\nwith the harbor of this city. This\\ngreat work, having surmounted\\nmany difficulties and embarrass-\\nments, is now in a fair way to give\\na new impulse to the business of\\nthe city. A line of packet boats\\nruns daily between Northampton\\nand New Haven, and promises to\\nbe well sustained.\\nThe New Haven and Hartford\\nRail- Road is now in the course of\\nconstruction, and will probably be\\ncompleted during the present year.\\nWhen finished it must prove of\\ngreat importance to the interests of\\nthe place.\\nThe village of Fair Haven is\\nbuilt on both sides the Quinnipiack,\\nand about one half of it lies within\\nthe limits of the city of New Ha-\\nven. This village has grown to its\\npresent importance with great rapid-\\nity, and now carries on an exten-\\nsive and thriving business. It has\\ntwo churches, and a large and pros-\\nperous high school, known as the\\nFair Haven Institute.\\nThe village of Westville contains\\nabout 700 inhabitants. Manufac-\\ntures and agriculture constitute the\\nchief business of the place.\\nNew Haven may justly boast of\\nmany distinguished men who made\\nthat city their favorite residence.\\nThe names of David Wooster,\\nof Nathan Whiting, of Rog-\\ner Sherman, of James Hill-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0302.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\nHOUSE, and many others, will nev-\\ner be forgotten.\\nHow large a part of the United\\nStates is indebted for its prosperity\\nto the inventive genius of Eli\\nWhitney, late a citizen of New\\nHaven The commerce, the\\nbusiness of the world, has been es-\\nsentially modified and increased\\nthrough the operation of his princi-\\npal invention, the cotton gin and\\nthe substantial convenience and en-\\njoyment of mankind have, by the\\nsame means, been extended and are\\nextending, to a degree which no\\nman can calculate.\\nThis City of Groves is a very\\ndelightful place it probably con-\\ncentrates more charms than any\\ncity of its age and population in the\\nworld.\\nNewingtou, TS, H.\\nRockingham co. The soil is gen-\\nerally sandy and unproductive ex-\\ncepting near the waters, where it\\nyields good crops of grain and grass.\\nAt Fox point, in the N. W. part of\\nthe town, Piscataqua bridge is\\nthrown over the river to Goat isl-\\nand, and thence to Durham shore.\\nThe bridge was erected in 1793, is\\n2,600 feet long, and 40 wide cost\\n$65,401. Newington was origin-\\nally a part of Portsmouth and Dover,\\nand was early settled. It was dis-\\nannexed, and incorporated in July,\\n1764.\\nNewington was among the set-\\ntlements early exposed to the rava-\\nges of the Indians. In May, 1690,\\na party of Indians, under a saga-\\nmore of the name of Hoophood, at-\\ntacked Fox point, destroyed sever-\\nal houses, killed 14 persons, and\\ntook 6 prisoners. They were im-\\nmediately pursued by the inhabit-\\nants, who recovered some of the\\ncaptives and a part of the plunder,\\nafter a severe action, in which\\nHoophood was wounded.\\nNewington is 42 miles E. S. E,\\nfrom Concord, and 5 W. from Ports-\\nmouth. Population, 1830, 549.\\nWe-4v Ipswiclij W. II,\\nHillsborough co. This town is\\n50 miles S. S. W. from Concord, 70\\nW. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 50\\nN. W. by W, from Boston. The\\ntown is watered by many rivulets,\\nbut principally by the Souhegan\\nriver, which is formed by the junc-\\ntion of two streams; the W. issu-\\ning from a small pond on the Pas-\\nture mountain, so called the S.\\nfrom two ponds in Ashburnham,\\nMass., near the base of Watatick\\nhill. Over this river is a stone\\nbridge, built in 1817. It is 156 feet\\nlong, 22 feet wide and 42 feet high,\\nresting on a single arch of split\\nstone cost $3,500. The first cot-\\nton factory in the state was built in\\nthis town, in 1803. There are now\\n4 cotton fixctories, and in other re-\\nspects New Ipswich has become an\\nimportant manufacturing town.\\nPratt s and Hoar s ponds contain\\nabout 50 acres each. Here is fine\\npasture land, and under cultivation,\\nIndian corn, rye, oats, barley, pota-\\ntoes, beans, turnips, c., are pro-\\nduced in abundance.\\nThe New Ipswich academy was\\nincorporated June 18, 1789. Its\\nfunds are large.\\nThe principal village is in the\\ncentre of the town, in a pleasant\\nand fertile valley. Many of the\\ndwelling-houses are of brick, and\\nare elegant in appearance.\\nNew Ipswich was first settled\\nprior to 1749, and was incorporated\\nby charter, Sept. 9, 1762.\\nThe first minister was the Rev.\\nStephen Farrar, a native of Lin-\\ncoln, Mass., where he was born\\nOct. 22, 1733. He was ordained\\nOct. 22, 1760 died June 23, 1809,\\naged 71.\\nNew Ipswich has produced ma-\\nny who have become eminent as\\npatriots, merchants, and men of\\nscience. Population, 1830, 1,673.\\nNov liimei ick, Me.\\nWashington co. In 1837, this", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0303.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntown was incorporated it then had\\n124 inhabitants and produced 1,780\\nbushels of wheat. See Down\\nEast.\\nTXew liOndon, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. It is 30 miles W.\\nN. W. from Concord, and 12 E.\\nfrom Newport. Population, 1830,\\n913. Lake Sunapee separates this\\ntown from Wendell, and is the\\nprincipal source of Sugar river.\\nThere are three considerable ponds.\\nLittle Sunapee pond, 1 1-2 miles in\\nlength and 3-4 of a mile in width,\\nlies in the W. part, and empties its\\nwaters into lake Sunapee. Har-\\nvey s and Messer s ponds, near the\\ncentre of the town, are the princi-\\npal sources of Warner river. They\\nare about a mile in length and 3-4\\nof a mile in breadth, and are sepa-\\nrated by a bog, many parts of which\\nrise and fall with the water. Pleas-\\nant pond, in the N. part of New\\nLondon, is nearly 2 miles long and\\n1 wide. The settlements of New\\nLondon are formed principally on\\nthree large swells of land. The\\nsoil is deep and generally good.\\nIn the N. part are several eleva-\\ntions. In some parts the land is\\nrocky, but there is little not capable\\nof cultivation. New London was\\nincorporated in 1779. Its tirst name\\nwas Dantzick.\\nThe damage sustained by the in-\\nhabitants of this town, by the vio-\\nlent whirlwind of Sept. 9, 1821, was\\nestimated at ^9,000. A large rock\\nlying out of the ground, 100 feet\\nlong, 50 wide and 20 high, was\\nrent into two pieces, and thrown\\nabout 20 feet asunder.\\nNe^v liondon County, Ct.\\nJVew London and JVorwich are\\nthe county towns. New London\\ncounty is bounded N. by Windham,\\nTolland and Hartford counties, E.\\nby Windham county and the state of\\nRhode Island, S. by Long Island\\nSound, and W.by the county of Mid-\\ndlesex. Its avei-age length from E.\\nto W. averages about 26 miles, and\\nit has a medium breadth of about 20\\nmiles. This county possesses supe-\\nrior maritime advantages, having an\\nextensive border on Long Island\\nSoundjWhich affords numerous bays,\\ninlets and harbors. Excepting a small\\nsection, principally in the town of\\nLyme, no portion of the county can\\nbe considered as mountainous, but it\\nis generally hilly and elevated, and\\ncomprises a small proportion of allu-\\nvial. The hills and elevated tracts\\nare considerably rough and stony.\\nThe lands in general are not adapted\\nto grain culture, although upon the\\nintervales and other tracts Indian\\ncorn is raised to advantage, and to a\\nconsiderable extent. The princi-\\npal agricultural interests depend\\nvery much upon grazing. The wa-\\nters of the county are abundant and\\nvaluable. On the south it is washed\\nmore than thirty miles by Long Isl-\\nand Sound, part of its western bor-\\nder by Connecticut river, and the\\ninterior of the county is watered and\\nfertilized by the Thames and its\\nbranches. The fishing business is\\nmore extensively carried on in this\\ncounty than in any other section of\\nthe state, and is an important branch\\nof industry. The manufacturing\\nbusiness is carried on to consider-\\nable extent in the northern part of\\nthe county, and is increasing.\\nIn 1837, this county contained\\n41,387 sheep. Population, in 1820,\\n35,943 1830, 42,201 81 inhabit-\\nants to a square mile. The tonnage\\nof the district of New London, in\\n1837, was 41,626 tons.\\nNew liOiidon, Ct.\\nOne of the shire towns of New\\nLondon county. The first English\\nsettlement in New London com-\\nmenced in 1646. It is situated on\\nthe west bank of the river Thames.\\nIn its territorial limits it is much\\nthe smallest of any town in the\\nstate, being about 4 miles in length\\nfrom north to south, and averages\\nabout 3-4 of a mile in breadth.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0304.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe city of New London is situated\\n3 miles from Long Island Sound,\\nand is a port of entry. It is 42\\nmiles southeast from Hartford, 13\\nsouth from Norwich, and 53 east\\nfrom New Haven, Population, in\\n1830, 4,356. Lon. 72\u00c2\u00b0 9 W., lat.\\n41\u00c2\u00b0 0 25 N. The city is princi-\\npally built on a declivity, which\\ndescends to the east and south. On\\nthe summit of the liigh ground,\\nback of the most populous part of\\nthe city, the observer has a fine\\nprospect of the surrounding coun-\\ntry. The city is irregularly laid out,\\nowing to the nature of the ground\\non which it is built, being much\\nincumbered with granite rocks.\\nThe houses are not so handsome in\\ntheir outward appearance, as might\\nbe reasonably expected, considering\\nthe wealth of the inhabitants. In\\nthe course of a few years past, how-\\never, a spirit of improvement in this\\nrespect has taken place, and many\\nbuildings have been erected which\\nare elegant in their appearance.\\nSome of the streets have been strait-\\nened and leveled, by blasting the\\ngranite rocks with which they were\\ndisfigured. These rocks afford an\\nexcellent material for the construc-\\ntion of buildings, and it is believed\\nthat no city in this country has the\\nadvantages of New London, in this\\nparticular, where the materials for\\nerecting houses can be found in\\ntheir streets. The harbor is one of\\nthe best in the United States, being\\nlarge, safe, and commodious, hav-\\ning five fathoms of water. It is 3\\nmiles long, and rarely obstructed\\nwith ice. During the extreme cold\\nin January, 1835, while the navi-\\ngation of the harbor of New York\\nwas closed by the ice, the harbor of\\nNew London remained open and\\nunobstructed.\\nFrom the excellent maritime lo-\\ncation of New London, the naviga-\\ntion, commercial and fishing busi-\\nness, has ever been the principal\\npursuit of the inhabitants. Their\\nfine harbor has served in a great\\ndegree as the port of Connecticut\\nriver, the impediments in which\\nfrequently prevent its being naviga-\\nble for large vessels fully laden. The\\nwhale fishery and sealing business is\\nan important branch of commerce.\\nAbout a million of dollars is devot-\\ned to its prosecution. In 1834, up-\\nwards of thirty ships and 900 men\\nand boys were employed in this\\nbusiness.\\nThe city is defended by two forts,\\nFort Trumbull and Fort Griswold.\\nFort Trumbull stands on the New\\nLondon side of the Thames, about\\na mile below the city. It is situa-\\nted on the rocky extremity of a pen-\\ninsula extending eastward into the\\nriver. This fort is a station for\\nL nited States soldiers. Fort Gris-\\nwold is on the E. side of the Thames,\\non a commanding eminence oppo-\\nsite the city, in the town of Gro-\\nton.\\nNew London has been rendered\\nconspicuous for its sufferings during\\nthe revolutionary war, and the the-\\natre of hostile operations. On the\\n6th of September, 1781, a large\\nproportion of this town v\u00c2\u00bbas laid in\\nashes by Benedict Arnold. The\\nfollowing account of this transaction\\nis taken from the Connecticut Ga-\\nzette, printed at New London, Sept.\\n7, 1781.\\nAbout daybreak on Thursday\\nmorning last, 24 sail of the enemy s\\nshipping appeared to the westward\\nof this harbor, which by many were\\nsupposed to be a plundering party\\nafter stock alarm guns were imme-\\ndiately fired, but the discharge of\\ncannon in the harbor has become so\\nfrequent of late, that they answer-\\ned little or no purpose. The defence-\\nless state of the fortifications and\\nthe town are obvious to our readers;\\na few of the inhabitants, who were\\nequipped, advanced towards the\\nplace where the enemy were\\nthought likely to make their land-\\ning, and manoeuvred on the heights\\nadjacent, until the enemy about 9\\no clock landed in two divisions, and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0305.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nabout 800 men each, one of them\\nat Brown s farm, near the light-\\nhouse, the other at Groton Point\\nthe division that landed near the\\nlight-house marched up the road,\\nkeeping up large flanking parties,\\nwho were attacked in different pla-\\nces on their march by the inhabit-\\nants, who had spirit and resolution\\nto oppose their progress. The\\nmain body of the enemy proceeded\\nto the town, and set fire to the\\nstores on the beach, and immediate-\\nly after to the dwelling-houses lying\\non the Mill Cove. The scattered\\nfire of our little parties, unsupported\\nby our neighbors more distant, gall-\\ned them so that they soon began to\\nretire, setting fire promiscuously on\\ntheir way. The fire from the stores\\ncommunicated to the shipping that\\nlay at the wharves, and a number\\nwere burnt others swung to sin-\\ngle fast, and remained unhurt.\\nAt 4 oclock, they began to quit\\nthe town with great precipitation,\\nand were pursued by our brave cit-\\nzens with the spirit and ardor of vet-\\nerans, and driven on board their\\nboats. Five of the enemy were\\nkilled, and about twenty wounded\\namong the latter is a Hessian cap-\\ntain, who is a prisoner, as are seven\\nothers. We lost four killed and ten\\nor twelve wounded, some mortally.\\nThe most valuable part of the\\ntown is reduced to ashes, and all\\nthe stores. Fort Trumbull, not be-\\ning tenable on the land side, was\\nevacuated as the enemy advanced,\\nand the few men in it crossed the\\nriver to Fort Griswold, on Groton\\nHill, which was soon after invested\\nby the division that landed at the\\npoint. The fort having in it only\\nabout 120 men, chiefly militia hast-\\nily collected, they defended it with\\nthe greatest resolution and bravery,\\nand once repulsed the enemy but\\nthe fort being out of repair, could\\nnot be defended by such a handful\\nof men, though brave and deter-\\nmined, against so superior a num-\\nber; and after having a number of\\ntheir party killed and wounded,\\nthey found that further resistance\\nwould be in vain, and resigned the\\nfort. See Groton, Ct.\\nThe following is the inscription\\non Bishop Seabury s monument\\nHere lyeth the body of Samukl\\nSeabury, D. D. Bishop of Connecti-\\ncut and Rhode Island^ who departed\\nfrom this transitory scene, February\\n25th, Anno Domini, 179G, in the 68th\\nyear of his age, and the 12th of his\\nEpiscopal consecration.\\nIngenious without pride, learned\\nwithout pedantry, good without sever-\\nity, he was duly qualified to discharge\\nthe duties of tlie Cliristian and the\\nBishop. In the pulpit he enforced Re-\\nligion in his conduct he exemplified\\nit. The poor he assisted with his char-\\nity the ignorant he blessed with his\\ninstruction. The friend of men, he\\never designed their good 5 the enemy\\nof vice, he ever opposed it. Chris-\\ntian dost thou aspire to happiness 1\\nSeabury has shown the way that leads\\nto it.\\nAn epitaph on Captaine Richard\\nLord, deceased May 17, 1662.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJEtatis svBe 51.\\nBright starre of ovr chivallrie\\nlies here\\nTo the state a covnsillovr fvll deare\\nAnd to ye trvth a friend of sweete\\ncontent\\nTo Hartford towne a silver ornament\\nWho can deny to poore he was releife\\nAnd in composing paroxyies he was\\ncheife\\nTo marchantes as a patterne he might\\nstand\\nAdventring dangers new by sea and\\nland.\\nMeAv Market, W. H.\\nRockingham CO. It lies 36 miles\\nS. E. from Concord, and 12 W. by\\nS. from Portsmouth. Population,\\n1830, 2,013.\\nPiscassick i-iver passes through\\nthis town into Durham. The Lam-\\nprey river washes its N. E. bound-\\nary, as does the Swamscot the S.\\nE. The soil is good, and agricul-\\ntural pursuits are here crowned\\nwith much success. There are", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0306.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nseveral pleasant and thriving villa-\\nges, in which are large and valua-\\nble manufactures.\\nNew Market was originally a\\npart of Exeter, and was detached\\nand incorporated, 1727.\\nMrs. Fanny Shute, who died in\\nthis town September, 1819, was re-\\nspected not only for her excellent\\nqualifies, but the adventures of her\\nyouth. When 13 months old, she\\nwas taken by a party of Indians,\\ncan-ied to Canada, and disposed of\\nto the French educated in a nun-\\nnery, and after remaining 13 years\\nin captivity, was redeemed and re-\\nstored to her friends.\\nDaniel Brackett recently died in\\nthis town. He weighed 5G0 lbs.\\nKew Marlboroiigli, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. There is a large\\npond in this town, and a branch of\\nHousatonlek liver. The surface is\\nuneven, and the soil best adapted\\nfor gi-azing. It was incorporated in\\n175i), and lies 135 miles S. W. by\\nW. from Boston, and 20 S. by E.\\nfrom Lenox. Population, in 1837,\\n1,570.\\nThere are two caverns in this\\ntown, containing stalactites. The\\nmanufactures consist of leather,\\nboots, shoes, chairs, cabinet ware,\\nand a variety of sawed lumber.\\nThe products of the dairy are con-\\nsiderable, and about 1,600 sheep are\\npastured.\\nXew Milford, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. This township is\\nhilly and broken, several mountain-\\nous ridges extending through it.\\nThe soil is much diversified, and\\nwhere susceptible of cultivation, it\\nis generally good but on the whole\\nmore distinguished for grain than\\ngrass. There are, however, large\\nquantities of excellent meadow\\nground, but the pasturage is, on the\\nwhole, not abundant. It is essen-\\ntially a farming town. For some\\ntime after the white people come\\nhere, an Indian chief, or sachem,\\n25\\nnamed Werauliamaug, had a pal-\\nace standing near the Great falls,\\nwhere he resided. On the inner\\nwalls of this palace, (which were\\nof bark with the smooth side in-\\nwards,) were pictured every known\\nspecies of beast, bird, fish and in-\\nsect, from the largest to the small-\\nest. This was said to have been\\ndone by artists whom a friendly\\nprince at a great distance sent to\\nhim for that purpose, as Hiram did\\nto Solomon. The town of New\\nMilford was purchased of the Col-\\nony of Connecticut by a company of\\nindividuals chiefly belonging to JNIil-\\nford, and was first settled in 1707.\\nThe first biidge that was ever built\\nover the Housatonick river, from\\nthe sea to its source was built in this\\ntown in 1737. The village of New\\nMilford is very handsome the\\nstreets are wide and well shaded.\\nIt lies 36 nulesN. W. from New\\nHaven, and IS S. W. fron) Litch-\\nfield. Population, 1830,3,979. The\\nterritory of this town is larger than\\nany other in the state it is 13 by 6\\n1-2 miles. The town is well water-\\ned, and has some manufactures.\\nThere are large quantities of gran-\\nite ard marble, and the town pro-\\nduces large quantities of grain and\\nwool for market.\\nNe \u00c2\u00bbvport, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a fine farm-\\ning town, and watered by a large\\nand beautiful pond which empties\\ninto Sebasticook river. It lies 50\\nmiles N. E. from Augusta and 24\\nAV. from Bangor. Population, 1S37,\\n1,088. Wheatci opsame year, 5,173\\nbushels. This town contains a pleas-\\nant village and some mills.\\nIfetvport, X. H.\\nShire town, Sullivan county. Ita\\ncentral situation and its Avater pow-\\ner, together with the enterpiising\\nspirit of its inhabitants, has render-\\ned Newport a place of considerable\\nbusiness. It is 40 miles W.by N.trom\\nConcord, about 35 N. from Keene,", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0307.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand 14 E. S. E. from Windsor, Vt.\\nNear the centre of the town, and\\nthe confluence of the E. and S.\\nbranches of Sugar river and the\\nCroydon turnpike, is a handsome\\nvillage. In general the soil is rich\\najid productive. Sugar river flow^s\\nthrough this town, and its three\\nbranches unite near the village,\\nwhence it passes through Claremont\\ninto the Connecticut. On the east-\\nern branch are situated, principally\\nnear the village, large and valuable\\nmanufacturing establishments.\\nThere are other mills in ditferent\\nparts of the town. There are a\\nfew eminences, designated as Bald,\\nCoitand East mountains, and Blue-\\nberry hill. Newport was granted\\nby charter in 1761. The tirst ef-\\nfort towards a settlement was made\\nin the fall of 17G3. The tirst set-\\ntlers were principally from Kill-\\ningworth, Ct. Tliis town is noted\\nfor its good schools and its various\\ncharitable societies. Population,\\n1830, 1,913.\\nNewport, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This town is sepa-\\nrated from Derby by Memphrema-\\ngog lake, and is watered by a branch\\nof Missisque river. It lies 48 miles\\nN. by E. from Montpelier, and 10\\nN. from Irasburgh. Population,\\n1830, 284.\\nNcAvport County, R. I.\\nJVeivport is the chief town. This\\ncounty comprises seven towns and\\na number of islands; but the most\\ninteresting section of it is the isl-\\nand of Rhode Isbnd, from which\\nthe state derives its name. This\\nisland is about 15 miles in length,\\nand has a mean breadth of two miles\\nand a half.\\nThe surface presents an interesting\\nvariety of moderate eminences and\\ndeclivities, which render the scene-\\nry very pleasing. Valuable mine-\\nrals are found on the isbind, and\\nfossil coal, difficult of ignition, is\\nfound in large quantities. The\\nsoil of the island is very rich, and\\nunder the management of skilful\\nfarmers is made to produce in great\\nabundance all the varieties of gi-ains,\\ngrasses, vegetai ies, fruits and flow-\\ners common to its latitude.\\nIt is remarkable that not only this\\nisland, but the county generally,\\nshould be so fertile. The pooi-est\\nlands in New England are gener-\\nally on the sea board; but as it re-\\ngards this county, few sections of\\nthe interior present a better soil.\\nFrom the earliest settlement of\\nthe country, this county has been\\nengaged in commerce and the iish-\\nevy. These interests are now in a\\nflourishing condition and manu-\\nfacturing establishments are in-\\ncreasing, by the aid of steam pow-\\ner. In 1S37 there were 37,340\\nsheep in the county.\\nNewport county is bound N. by\\nMount Hc r)9 bay, and Bristol coun-\\nty, Mass. E. by said county of\\nBristol S. by the Atlantic ocean,\\nand W. by Narraganset bay. Area,\\n136 square miles. Population, 1820,\\n15,771 1830, 16,535. Population\\nto a square mile, 122.\\nNewport, R. I.\\nChief town of Newport county,\\nand one of ihe seats of the state leg-\\nislature. It is in N. latitude 41^ 23\\n20 and W. longitude 71^ 21 14\\n5 miles from the sea, 30 miles S.\\nby E. from Pi-ovidence, 70 S. S. W.\\nfrom Boston, and 153 from New\\nYork, by water. The township lies\\nin an irregular and somewhat of a\\nsemicircular form, about 6 miles in\\nlength and 1 in breadth. In cohj-\\nrnon with the whole island of Rhoie\\nIsland, on which Newport ii situa-\\nted, the soil is remarkably fertile\\nand under good cultivation. The\\nsurface is undulating, presenting a\\ngreat variety of delightful scenei-y.\\nThe waters of Narraganset bay at\\nthis place are unrivalled for beauty\\nand convenience. The harbor of\\nNewport is considered one of the\\nbest on ^the coast of America it", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0308.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhas sufficient depth of water for the\\nlargest class of vessels, is exceed-\\ningly easy of access iVosn (he ocean,\\nand sufficiently capacious to con-\\ntain whole fleets. This harbor is\\nadmirably defended by forts Wol-\\ncott. Green and Adams, and wul!\\nprobably soon become a naval de-\\npot, Newport was first settled by\\nWilliam Codington and his associates\\nin 163S. The growth of the town\\nwas so rapid for the first hundred\\nyears, that in 1733 there were 7\\nworshipping assemblies, and 100 sail\\nof vessels belonged to the port.\\nNewport suffered severely dur-\\ning the revolutionary war, and was\\nfor a long time in possession of the\\nenenjy. Alter tlie war it revived\\nagain, but the more favorable loca-\\ntion of Piovidence for an interior\\ncommerce, depiived it of a large\\nportion of its original business.\\nNewport however retains its\\nformer character for foreign com-\\nmerce and the fisheiy. A number\\nof vessels are now engaged in the\\nwhaling business, and manufactur-\\ning establishments have recently\\nbeen put into operation by steam\\npower, which promise success.\\nShip and boat building and the man-\\nufacture of cordage are carried on\\nextensively. The domestic fishe-\\nry is to Newport an important re-\\nsourse. There is piobably no place\\nin the world where a greater varie-\\nty of fish, or of a better quality, are\\nfound. About sixty different kinds,\\ncomprising almost every species of\\nfin and shell fish, fit for the ta-\\nble, are taken in great abundance\\naround the shoi-es of Narraganset.\\nThe tonnage of the district of New-\\nport, in 1837, was 11,498 ions.\\nThe compact part of the town is\\nbuilt on a beautiful site, facing the\\nharbor in a southeasterly direction.\\nThe main street extends more than\\na mile in length. The buildings\\non this and other streets and on\\nWashington square are neatly built,\\nand some of them are very hand-\\nsome The marks of aoe which\\nsome of these buildings bear, with\\nthe excellent state of preservation\\nin which they appear, give them a\\ngrace not found in many of those\\nof more modern construction.\\nAlthough this ancient town has\\npassed through many vicissitudes\\nand changes of fortune, still it con-\\ntinues to advance in the number of\\nits people. Population, in 1820,\\n7,319; 1830, 8,010.\\nNewport is celebrated for its\\nbeauty and the salubrity of its cli-\\nmate. From these circumstances,\\nand from the numerous inviting\\nobjects which surround it, it has\\nbecome a favorite resort for visitors\\nfrom warmer climates and in no\\nplace can the summer season be\\nmore enjoyed than amid the charms\\nof Newport.\\nOliver Hazzard Perry, the\\nvictor on Lake Erie, Sept. 10, 1813,\\nwas born at Newport, in 1785.\\nHe died in the West Indies, in 1820.\\nA monument is erected to his mem-\\nory.\\nTXew Portland, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town is finely\\nwatered by two branches of Seven\\nMile brook. This is one of the\\nfinest farming towns in the coun-\\nty. It produced, in 1837, 10,451\\nbushels of wheat. Population,\\nsame year, 1,476. This town has a\\npleasant village, a number of saw\\nmills and other manufactories. It\\nlies 48 miles N. N. W. from Augus-\\nta, and 18 N. by E. from Farming-\\nton. Incorporated, 1808.\\nNcM ry, Me.\\nOxford CO. A branch of Andros-\\ncoggin river waters this town, and\\naffords it good mill privileges. It\\nlies 63 miles W. from Augusta, and\\n25 N. W. from Paris. Population,\\n1837, 412. Incorporated, 1805.\\nNe^v Salem, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Miller s river, and lias a\\ngood water power. It lies 74 miles", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0309.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nW N. W. from Boston, and 17 E.\\nS. E. from Greenfield. This is a\\npleasant town of elevated surface,,\\nand good soil for grazing. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,255. The manufac-\\ntures of the town, consist of palm-\\nleaf hats, boots, shoes, leather,\\nstraw bonnets, and ploughs. In-\\ncorporated, 1753.\\n^ew gliaron, Me.\\nFranklin, co. This town is water-\\ned on the northwest side by Sandy\\nriver, and is bounded south by Vi-\\nenna. The soil is admirably adapt-\\ned to agricultural purposes. Popu-\\nlation, 1S37, 1,771^ Wheat ciop,\\nsame year, 8,132 bushels. It lies\\n26 miles N. W. from Augusta. In-\\ncorporated, 1794.\\nJSfew gSioreliam, K,. I.\\nNewport co. This town com-\\nprises the island of Block Island.\\nThe island lies in the open sea,\\nabout 14 miles S. S. W. from Judith\\nPoint, and 13 N. E. from Montauk\\nPoint, on Long Island, N. Y. It is\\nabout 8 miles in length, and varies\\nfrom 2 to 4 miles in width. It has\\nseveral ponds, which cover about a\\nseventh part of the island. The\\nsurface of the town is uneven in\\nsome parts elevated. The soil is a\\nsandy, gravelly loam, and quite\\nproductive. This island was once\\nfamous for its cattle and good dai-\\nries. The people are mostly fish-\\nermen they have no harbor, and\\npeat is their only fuel. Population,\\n1830, 1,185. Incorporated, 1672.\\nIts Indian name was jyianisses.\\nKewton, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. A very beauti-\\nful, agricultural and manufacturing\\ntown, the JSTonantum of the In-\\ndians, 7 miles W. by S. from Boston,\\n12 S. E. from Concord, and 7 N.\\nfrom Dedham. Charles river wash-\\nes the borders of this town 15 miles,\\nand, by two fallsof considerable ex-\\ntent, affords it a great and valuable\\nwater power. Nine bridges cross\\nCharles river in this town. The\\nsoil is generally very good, and\\nhighly cultivated. There are 2\\ncotton, 1 woolen, and 5 paper\\nmills in the town, and manufactures\\nof nails, rolled iron, candles, vit-\\nriol, barilla, chaises, harnesses, mo-\\nrocco, leather, boots, shoes, ma-\\nchinery, chairs, and cabinet vv aie\\nthe value of which, the year end-\\ning Apiil 1, 1837, amounted to\\n^815,872. Newton was incorpo-\\nrated in 1691 it foimerly com-\\nprised the town of Cambridge, and\\nis noted as the birth place and resi-\\ndence of many distinauished men.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,S11 1837,\\n3,037. A Theological Seminary\\nwas established in this town, in\\n1825. See Begister.\\nKewtowii, M. H.,\\nRockingham co., lies 40 miles S.\\nE. from Concord, and 27 S. S. W.\\nfrom Portsmouth. Country pond\\nlies in Newtown and Kingston, and\\ntwo other small ponds connect by\\noutlets with its waters. The soil\\nproduces good crops of grain or\\ngrass. Joseph Barllett first settled\\nin this town, in 1720. Bai-tlett was\\ntaken prisoner by the Indians at\\nHaverhill, in 1708, and remained a\\ncaptive in Canada about 4 years.\\nPopulation, 1830, 510.\\nKcM towii, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1708. It is watered\\nby Patatuck river, the Indian name\\nof the place. It lies 25 miles W.\\nN. W. from New Haven, 10 E.\\nfrom Danbury, and 22 N. from Fair-\\nfield. Population, 1830, 3,100.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surface of the town is hilly\\nmany of the eminences are exten-\\nsive and continuous. The soil is\\nprincipally a gravelly loam, gener-\\nally fertile and productive. It is\\nwell adapted to the culture of grain,\\nand is also favorable for fruit, there\\nbeing many valuable orchards in the\\ntown. The borough of Newtown\\nis beautifully situated on high", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0310.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nground it commands an extensive\\nprospect, and contains some hand-\\nsome buildinos.\\nThe flourisliing village of Sandy\\nHook is situated about 1 1-2 miles\\nN. E. of the central part of New-\\ntown, at the foot of a rocky emin-\\nence or bluff, from the top of which\\nis a fine prospect of the surround-\\ning country. A fine mill stream\\n(the Patatuck) runs in a northerly\\ncourse through the village, at the\\nbase of the cliff, which rises almost\\nperpendicular to the height of 160\\nfeet. Near a cotton factory, at the\\nnorthern extremity of the village,\\nsome traces of coal have been dis-\\ncovered. The village contained, in\\n1834, 1 cotton, 1 hat, 1 comb and\\n2 woolen factories. There was also\\n1 machine shop, and 1 establish-\\nment for working brass.\\nKc%v Vineyard, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town is wa-\\ntered by a branch of Seven Mile\\nbrook. The surface of the tov.n is\\nuneven, but the soil, generally, is\\nproductive. It produced, in 1837,\\n7,063 bushels of wheat. Popula-\\ntion, same year, 870. Incorporat-\\ned, 1802. it lies 40 miles N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 8 N. by E. from\\nFarmington.\\nJfotoleljorougli, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town lies on\\nthe east side of the upper waters\\nof Damariscotta river. It is a\\nplace of considerable trade. Many\\nships are built here, and a large\\nnumber of vessels are employed in\\nthe coasting trade. The soil of the\\ntown is generally good, and consid-\\nerable attention is paid by the in-\\nhabitants to agricultural pursuits.\\nIt lies 38 miles S. E. from Augusta,\\nand 11 E. from Wiscasset. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,999. Incor., 1788.\\nNo-^Ions-Iiand, Mas-s.\\nDukes CO. A ledge of rocks,\\nthe most southern part of the state.\\nIt lies 7 miles S. from Gay Head.\\n25*\\nNorfolk County, Mass.\\nChief town, Dedham. This\\ncounty is hounded N. E. by Boston\\nharbor, N. by Suffolk county, W.\\nby the S. E. corner of Worcester\\ncounty, S. by the N. E. corner of\\nthe state of Rhode Island, and S.\\nS. E. and E. by the counties of Bris-\\ntol and Plymouth. Area, about\\n400 square miles. Population, in\\n1820,36,4.52; in 1830, 41,901; in\\n1837, 50,399. Taken from Suffolk\\ncounty in 1793.\\nThis county has a maritime coast\\non Boston harbor of about 12 miles,\\nwhich is indented with many small\\nbays and navigable rivers. Its sur-\\nface is uneven, and in some parts\\nhilly. Its soil is generally strong\\nand rocky. Much of the dark col-\\nored granite, or sienite, is found\\nhere. A large part of Norfolk\\ncounty, particularly those towns\\nnear Boston, is under a high state\\nof cultivation, and affords fruits and\\nvegetables in great abundance.\\nThe proximity of this county to\\nthe capital gives it many facilities\\nand the towns in this, and in the\\ncounty of Middlesex, that border\\non Boston harbor, may be called the\\nGardens of Boston. It contains\\n22 towns, and 126 inhabitants to a\\nsquare mile. The Charles, Nepon-\\nset, and Manatiquot are its chief\\nrivers.\\nIn 1837, this county contained\\n2,054 sheep. The value of the\\nmanufactures in the county, the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, was\\n$6,466,010. The value of the\\nfishery, the same year, wa\u00c2\u00a7 $244,-\\n927.\\nNorfolk, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. The settlement\\nof Norfolk began in 1744. It lies\\n35 miles W. N. W, from Hartford,\\nand 17 N. from Litchfield. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,485.\\nThis town is elevated and moun-\\ntainous. The soil is a primitive,\\n2;ravelly loam, generally cold and\\nstony, but has considerable depth.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0311.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand affbrds good grazing. Former-\\nly large quantities of sugar were\\nmade from the maple more than\\n20,000 lbs. have been manufactured\\nin a single season but since the\\nland has been cleared by progres-\\nsive settlements, and in consequence\\nof the destruction of the maple\\ntrees by some tornadoes, the busi-\\nness has greatly declined. The\\ndairy business comprises the prin-\\ncipal interests of the town. A\\nstream, called Blackberry river,\\nruns near the centre of the place,\\nand a little westward of the con-\\ngregational church falls over a ledge\\nof rocks 30 feet in height. This is\\nan excellent site for mills, of which\\nthere are several near this spot.\\nThere is a handsome village, with\\nan open square or green in front of\\nthe church, which is uncommonly\\nneat and beautiful in its appearance.\\nAbout half a mile north is another\\nvillage, in which are two woolen\\nand three scythe factories.\\nNorridgewocic, Me.\\nChief town of Somerset co. This\\ntown is situated on both sides of\\nthe Kennebec river, 28 miles N.\\nfrom Augusta. Incorporated, 178S.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,955. Its sur-\\nface is diversified with hills of a\\nmoderate elevation, the soil various,\\nbut generally good and well culti-\\nvated. w;jeat crop, 1837, 10,299\\nhushel j. This town was formerly\\nthe site of the celebrated tribe of\\nNorridgewock Indians. Their vil-\\nlage was situated at the foot of Nor-\\nridgewock falls, in the N. W. part\\nof the town, and the border of Mad-\\nison. The tribe had a church, the\\nbell of which was dug up a few\\nyears since, and placed in the cabi-\\nnet at Bowdoin college. The tribe\\nwas destroyed by a party of 1G8\\nmen, sent out from Massachusetts\\nfor that puipose, commanded by\\nCapt. Moulton, on the afternoon of\\nAugust 23, 1724. Among the kill-\\ned was the noted Jesuit missiona-\\nry, Ralle. A monument was erect-\\ned the 23d of August, 1833, by\\nBishop Fenwick, to his memory.\\nIt is a plain granite pyraoiidal shaft,\\nstanding on a square base of the\\nsame material, having the follow-\\ning inscription\\nSebastianus Rasles natione Gal-\\nluse Societate Jesu missionius, per\\naliquot annos Illinois et Huronibus\\npriinum evangelanns, deinde per\\n34 annos Abenaquis, fide et chari-\\ntate Christi verus Apostolus, pericu-\\nlus arinoruui intenitus se pio suis\\noribus mori paratum soepius testifi-\\ncans, inter arma et cocdes ac Pagi\\nNanarantsouak Norridgewock, et\\nEcclesiae suae minas, hoc in ipso\\nloco, cecidit tandem optimus pastor,\\ndie 23 Augusti, A. D. 1724, ipsi et\\nfilius in Christo defunctis Monu-\\nmentum hoc posuit Benidictus Fen-\\nwick, Espiscopus Bostoniensis dedi-\\ncavitque 23 Augusti, A. D. 1S33.\\nA. M. D. G.\\nNonidgewock village is situated\\non the north side of the river, di-\\nrectly in the bend, five miles west\\nof Skowhegan falls. It is one of\\nthe most pleasant and delightful\\nvillages, especially in the summer,\\nin the state. The main street ia\\nlined with ornamental trees, some\\nof them venerable for age and mag-\\nnitude, extending their long arms\\nquite across the street, forming a\\nbeautiful avenue from east to west.\\nOn the south side of the river, con-\\nnected by a bridge, is a pleasant and\\nrapidly increasing village.\\nThe public buildings consist of\\na church and court house, on the\\nnorth side of the river, and on the\\nsouth, a female academy, and a free\\nchurch at Oak Hill, about 5\\nmiles from the village.\\nThis section of country is remark-\\nable for its luxuriant giowth of the\\nwhite pine. A few years since, one\\nof these trees was cut for a canoe\\nIts lergth was 154 feet and measur\\ned 4 1-2 feet in diameter.\\nNorth Hampton, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., formerly con-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0312.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsfituting the parish called J\\\\ orth\\nHill,^n Hampton, lies on the sea\\ncoast 50 miles S. E. by E. from\\nConcord, and 9 S. by W. from Ports-\\nmouth.\\nLittle river rises in the low\\ngrounds in the north part of the\\ntown, and after running southeast\\none or two miles, takes an east\\ncourse, falling into the sea between\\nLittle Boar s head, in this town and\\nGreat Boar s head, in Hampton.\\nWinnicut river rises near the cen-\\ntre of the town, and passes north-\\nwest into Great bay. in 1742, the\\ntown was incorporated. Population,\\n1830, 767.\\n]\\\\^ortliainptoii, Mass.\\nChief town of Hampshire co. This\\nis a very beautiful town, delightful-\\nly situated on the west bank of Con-\\nnecticut river, and united to Hadley\\nby a bridge. Since the first settle-\\nments on the Connecticut basin,\\nthis town lias been an important\\npoint of attraction. This was the\\nthii-d town settled on Connecticut\\nriver in this state. Its Indian name\\nwas JVonatuck. The soil of the\\ntown is alluvial and its products ex-\\nuberant. Both before and since the\\ndivision of the old county into three,\\nthis place has been the seat of jus-\\ntice. Thebuildings are handsome,\\nand the most important county offi-\\nces are ^rc proof. A tine stream\\npasses through the centre of the\\ntown, possessing a good water pow-\\ner, on which are manufactories and\\nmills of vaiious kinds.\\nThe manufactures of Northamp-\\nton consist of woolen and silk goods,\\nboots, shoes, leather, paper, brooms,\\nchairs, iron, tin, and cabinet wares,\\nc. total value the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, about $350,000. The\\nmanufacture of sewing silk, rib-\\nbons, c., is on a large scale, and\\nthe most flourishing establishment\\nof the kind in this country. In\\n1837, there were 3750 sheep shear-\\ned in the town the value of the\\nwool was $7,075.\\nThis place has considerable river\\nand inland commerce, which will\\nbe increa ed by the Hampshire and\\nHampden canal, which meets the\\nConnecticut river here and termi-\\nnates at New Haven.\\nThis town was incorporated, in\\n1654 population, 1820, 2,854, and in\\n1S37, 3,576. It is 91 miles W. from\\nBoston, 67 E. from Albany, 39 N.\\nfrom Hartford, 22 S.from Greenlield,\\n17 N. by V\u00c2\u00bb from Spiingfield, and\\n376 from Washington.\\nThere are many institutions of a\\nliterary and religious character in\\nthis town, and its schools are of the\\nfirst order. The country aiound\\nthe town is enchanting, and those\\nwho visit Mount Holyoke, 830 feet\\nabove the river, on the east side, or\\nMount Tom, 1,200 feet above the\\nriver, on the west side, will find\\na wonderful variety of landscape\\nscenery, probably unsurpassed in\\nbeauty by any in the New Eng-\\nland States.\\nZVorth Bervi ick, Me.\\nYork CO. This town was incor-\\nporated in 1831, and was taken fioni\\nthe east side of Berwick. It com-\\nprises a fine tract of land it is well\\nwatered and very pleasant. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,493. It lies 91 miles\\nS. W. from Augusta, and 13 N. W.\\nfrom York.\\nNortliborougli, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This is a pleasant\\nfarming town, of good soil, and wa-\\ntered by Assabet river. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1766, and lies 32 miles\\nW. from Boston, and 10 N. E. from\\nWorcester. Population, 1830, 994\\n1S37, 1,224.\\nThe manufactures of the (own\\nconsist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,\\nleather, children s wagons, ,c.; an-\\nnual amount about 75,000.\\nNortlx Brauford, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1831, and was taken\\nfrom Branford. A range ot mouu-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0313.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "NE W ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntains from the southwest to north-\\neast passes through the central part\\nof the tOA^n. The inhabitants are\\ngen3!ally substantial farmers, and\\nproperty is very equally distributed.\\nThe face of the township is gene-\\nrally hilly, but the soil is strong and\\nfM-tile. It lies 9 miles E. from\\nN3\\\\v Flaven. Population, 1832,\\n1,1 )0\\nAbout a mile southeast of the\\nNo.-thford church, on Tetoket moun-\\ntain, there is the appearance of hav-\\ning been, at some remote penod,\\nsOiUe violent convulsions in nature;\\nthe rocks appear to have been rent\\nasunder, and are thrown about in\\ngreat disorder. Lead is said to have\\nbeen found near this spot, a mass\\nof it being discovered by a person\\nwho was hunting, at the time of\\nthe first settlement of the parish:\\nhe hung up a pair of buck s horns\\nto designate the spot, but the place\\ncould not be found afterwards.\\nRTortlibridge, I^Iass.\\nVv orcester co. The Blackstone\\nriver and canal pass through t!iis\\npleasant manufactui-ing and agri-\\ncultural town. It has some excel-\\nlent intervale land, and the soil of\\nthe uplands produces grass, grain,\\nand vegetables in abundance. The\\nriver here is beautiful, and produces\\na great hydraulic power. The\\nmanufactures of the town consist\\nof cotton and woolen goods, cotton\\nmachinery, boots, shoes, c. val-\\nue, the year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$2? 1,000.\\nNorthbridge lies 35 miles S. W.\\nby W. from Boston, and 13 S. E.\\nfrom Worcester. Incorporated,\\n1772. Population, 1S30, 1,053;\\n1337, 1,409.\\nKTortli Bridge-ivater, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town lies 20\\nmiles S. from Boston, 24 N. W. from\\nPlymouth, and 10 S. S. W. from\\nWeymouth Landing. Population,\\n1830, 1,953; 1837, 2,701. It is\\nwell watered bv Salisbury river\\nand other small streams which emp-\\nty into the Taunton. The surface of\\nthe town is uneven, but the soil is\\nof a good quality, particularly for\\ngrazing. Incorporated, 1821.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of cotton goods, boots, shoes,\\nhats, chairs, shoe tools, forks, hoes,\\ncabinet and wooden wares, c.\\ntotal amount, the year ending April\\n1, 1837, $230,700.\\nWe regret that this very pleas-\\nant town was not called Tlticut\\nor jYunketest, one of the Indian\\nnames of the ancient territory.\\nThis town was the first of the\\nthree Bridgev^aters thathave sprung\\nfrom Old Bridgewater, named after a\\ncelebrated English Duke. We can\\nsee no good cause for attaching a\\ncardinal point of the compass to the\\nname of any town, particularly one\\nof foreign derivation, when some\\nbeautiful Indian name meets the ear\\non the bank of almost every stream.\\nHad the noble Duke bequeathed to\\ngood old motiier Bridgewater and\\nher three handsome daughters, (as\\nhe did to the city of Manchester, )the\\nperpetual privilege of obtaining 140\\npounds of coal (ov four pence, there\\nwould appear some reason for per-\\npetuating and extending the name.\\n.Some just remarks on the names\\nof towns appeared in the Provi-\\ndence Journal, which are worthy\\nof repetition.\\nIjn diajN- Names. The new\\nstate of Michigan has passed one\\nof the most sensible laws that was\\never enacted. Its object is to pre-\\nserve the noble and harmonious old\\nIndian names, which have been giv-\\nen to every river and lake and for-\\nest and mountain in our country,\\nand which, by a bad taste, have in\\nmany instances, been displaced by\\nthe hackneyed names of European\\ncities, or of distinguished men. The\\nlaw provides that no town shall be\\nnamed after any other place or af-\\nter any man, without first ob-\\ntaining the consent of the Legisla-\\nture. The consequence is, that", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0314.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nMichigan is destitute of London,\\nPinis and Amsterdam unlike her\\nsister slates, she boasts neitlier\\nThebe-;, Palmyra, Carthage or Troy.\\nNo collection of log huts, wiih half\\na dozen gioccry stores, has been\\nhonored with the appellation of Liv-\\nerpool, nor has any embi-yo city,\\nwith a college or an academy, re-\\nceived the appropriate name of\\nAthens. She has no Moscow and\\nMorocco, in the same latitude and\\nnoEdinburgh and Alexandria within\\nthirty miles of each other. Baby-\\nlon, Sparta and Corinth, though they\\nhave been transplanted to other\\nparts of the Union, are destined ne-\\nver to flourish on the soil of Mich-\\nigan. No Fi anklin or Greene or\\nJefferson, no Washington, is to be\\nfound in her borders. On the con-\\ntrary, her rivers and lakes still re-\\ntain the full, rich, swelling names\\nwhich were bestowed upon them by\\nthe red men of the forests, and her\\ntowns bear the names of the sturdy\\nchiefs who once battled or hunted\\nin their streets. Strange, when we\\nhave such a noble nomenclature as\\nthe Indians have left us, that we\\nshould copy from the worn out\\nnames of ancient cities, and which\\nawake no feelings but ridicule, by\\nthe conti-ast between the old and the\\nnew. Mohawk, Seneca, Massasoit,\\nOntario, Erie, how infinitely supe-\\nrior to Paris, London, Fishville,\\nButtertown, Bungtown, c. The\\nfeeling which prompts us to perpet-\\nuate the names of our revolutionary\\nheroes by naming towns after them,\\nis highly lionorable but it should\\nnot be forgotten that frequent rep-\\netition (especially in cases where\\nthe town is utterly unworthy of its\\nnamesake) renders the name vulgar\\nand ridiculous. It seems, that not\\ncontent with driving the Indians\\nfroni the soil, we are anxious to ob-\\nliterate every trace of their exist-\\nence.\\nWe are glad to see a better taste\\nbeginning to prevail upon this sub-\\nject, and we hope that the example\\nof Michigan will be followed, if not\\nby legal enactments, at least by the\\nforce of public opinion.\\nXortli Brookiield, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town is on\\nelevated ground it is of good soil,\\nwell cultivated, well watered and\\nvery pleasant. It has a tine lish\\npond, and lies 68 miles W. from\\nBoston, and IS W. from Worcester:\\ntaken fiom Brookfield in 1802.\\nPopulation, 18.30, 1,241; 1837,1,509.\\nThe agricultural products sent to\\nmarket are very considerable. The\\nmanufactures of the town consist\\nof boots and shoes, woolen cloth,\\nleather, .c., the value of which for\\nthe year endins; April 1,1837, was\\n^525,224 of which $470,31G was\\nfor boots and shoes.\\nKortlifield, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town lies\\n10 miles S. S. W. from Montpelier,\\nand 35 E from Burlington. Popu-\\nlation in 1830, 1,412. First settled,\\n178-5. The principal stream in this\\ntown is Dog river, which runs\\nthrough it in a northerly direction,\\nand aifiTords a-great number of valu-\\nable mill privileges. The surface\\nis uneven, but the soil is generally\\ngood and easily cultivated. In the\\ncentre of the town is a neat, pleas-\\nant and flourishing village, contain-\\ning a number of saw miils and other\\nmechanical operations by water.\\nNortlifield, Me.\\nIncorporated 1838. See Down\\nEast.\\nNortlifield, N. II.,\\nMerrimack co., is bounded N. by\\nWinnepisiogee river, and W. by\\nthe Merrimack. It is 14 miles N.\\nfrom Concord, and 10 W. by S. of\\nGilmanton. The soil here is in\\nsome parts good that of the best\\nquality lies on the two i-idges ex-\\ntending through the town. Ches-\\nnut pond lies in the east part of the\\ntown, and its waters flow into the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0315.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWinnepisiogce three miles fiom its\\njiiiiclioii with the Pcniigewiisset.\\nSoiulogardy pond tiows into the\\nMerrimack, Near V. ebster s falls,\\nthe Winnepisiogce falls into the\\nPeinigcvvasset, and the united\\nstreams form the Merrimack liver.\\nThe principal elevation, called Bean\\nhill, separates the town from Can-\\nterbury. Northfield foinierly pos-\\n.sessed valuable water privileges on\\nthe Winnepifiogee river, but this\\npojtion of its territory is embraced\\nhy the new town of Franklin.\\nThe first settlement was made here\\nin 17()0,by Benjamin Blanchardand\\nothers. A methodist church was\\nfcniicd here in ISOG. Incoi-porated\\nJune 19, 17S0. Population, ISoO,\\nBTortliiield, TSIass.\\nFranklin co. This is an interest-\\ning town, on bo h sides of Connec-\\nticut liver. It was incoiporated in\\n1673, and some j^^ears after desolated\\nby the Indians. The inhabitants\\nreturned again in 1685, but it was\\nsoon after destroyed a second time.\\nLn 1713, it was again rebuilt. Fort\\nDumnier w-as in the vicinity. This\\ntown was purchased of the Indians\\nin 1687, for 200 fathoms of wampum\\nand \u00c2\u00a357 value of goods. Its Indian\\nname was Squawkea^. Most of the\\nland in this town is excellent, and\\nthe village vei-y pleasant 28 miles\\nbelow Walpole, N. H., 11 N. E.\\nfrom Greentield, and 83 N. W, by\\nW. from Boston. Northfield produ-\\nces fine cattle, and considerable\\nwool. The manufactures of the\\ntown consist of leather, boots, shoes,\\nploughs, chairs and cabinet ware.\\nPopulation, 1S37, 1,605.\\nNortli Haven, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. North Haven\\nwas taken from New Haven in 1786.\\nThe tov/n lies on both sides of the\\nWallingfordjOr Quinnipiac river, and\\ncomprises the valley and a part of\\nthe bordering hills. The vaiit-y is\\npartly rich intervale land, and more\\nextensively sand covered with a\\nthin stratum of loam light but\\nwarm, ^edv the nortiiei-n line of\\nthe town it is so light as, in two or\\nthree places of small extent, to be\\nblown into diifts. The soil of the\\nhills is good, being a reddish loam.\\nFiom the vicinity of this town to\\nNew Haven, and from its light and\\nwarm soil, which is favorable for\\nearly vegetation, there are various\\nculinary vegetables, particularly\\npeas, cultivated for the New Ha-\\nven market. But the most striking\\nfeature in the township, is the lai ge\\nand beautiful tract of salt meadows\\non both sides of the Quinnipiac.\\nThese meadows produce large\\nquantities of giass, which is n:ovv-\\ned and stacked upon the land, fiom\\nwhence, when the giound is frozen\\nsufficiently solid in the winter, it is\\nremoved. Upon the salt marsh the\\nhay is salt; but on those meadows\\nwhich are pi-otected from the salt\\nwater by means of dikes, the giass\\nis fresh and of a better quality.\\nThese are called dike marshes or\\nmeadows. The making of brick\\nleceives considei-able attention in\\nthis town. Four and a half millions\\nof them are manufactured annually,\\nand principally sold in New Haven.\\nThe village is very pleasant, and\\nwas, for more than half a century,\\nthe residence oi Dr. Trumbull,\\ntht, celebrated historian of Connec-\\nticut.\\nEzra Stilks, D. D., president\\nof Yale college, was born in this\\ntown, in 1727, and died in 1795. He\\ndelighted in preaching the gospel to\\nthe poor. Among the members of\\nhis church at Newport were seven\\nnegroes. These occasionally met\\nin his study, when he instructed\\nthem, and falling on their knees to-\\ngether he implored for them and for\\nhimself the blessing of that God\\nwith whom all distinction except-\\ning that of Christian excellence is\\nas nothing. In the cause of civil\\nand religious liberty. Dr. Stiles was\\nI an enthusiast. He contended, that", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0316.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe right of conscience and private\\njudgment was unalienable and\\nthat no exigencies of the Christian\\nchurch could render it lawful to\\nerect any body of men into a stand-\\ning judicatory over the churches.\\nHe engaged with zeal in the cause\\nof his country. He thought, that\\nthe thirtieth of January, whicli was\\nobscr^^ftd by the Episcopalians in\\ncommemoraiion of the martyrdom\\nof Charles I, ought to be celebrat-\\ned as an anniversary thanksgiving,\\nthat one nation on earth had so much\\nfortitude and public justice, as to\\nmake a royal tyrant bow to the sove-\\nreignty of the people. He was\\ncatholic in his sentiuVents, for his\\nheart was open to receive all who\\nloved the Lord Jesu^ in sincerity.\\nH^ was conspicuous for his benev-\\nolence, as well as for hi^ learning\\nand piety. He was a man of low\\nstature, and of a sm:iil, though well\\np.-oportioned form. His voice was\\nclear and energetic. His counte-\\nnance, especially in convei-sation,\\nwa expressive of benignity and\\nrailJneis; but if occasion required,\\nit beome the index of majesty and\\nauthority.\\nISJortlx Hero, Vt.\\nChief town, Grand r le CO. This\\ntown was granted to Ethan Allen\\nan I others in 1779, and the settle-\\nment commenced in 1733. The\\nBritish erected a block house here,\\nat a place called Dutchman s Point,\\nwhic wa garrisoned and not given\\nup till 17i oi The soil of the town-\\nship is of an excellent quality, and\\npro luces grain of all kinds in abun-\\ndan-e. The county buihlings are\\nwell situated, and the scenery about\\nthe villa j;c is very pleasant. it\\nlies r\u00c2\u00bb7 miles N. W from Montpe-\\nlier, and 2^ N. N. vV. f-oti Burling-\\nton. Pop ilation, 1S30, G3j.\\nNortli Kingston, R. I-\\nWashington co. This is a w .^althy\\ntownship on the west si le of Narra-\\ngaaset bay, 21 miles S. from Prov-\\nidence, 10 N. W. from Newport,\\nand 8 N. from South Kingston.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven\\nthe soil is a gravelly loam, well\\nadapted for the culture of grain and\\nvegetables, and the productions of\\nthe dairy. There are some forests\\nin the town of good ship timber.\\nIt is watei-ed by several small\\nstreams which produce a good water\\npower, on which are numerous man-\\nufacturing establishments. These\\nstreams atibrd bass and other tish in\\nabundance. There is considerable\\nnavigation owned at North Kings-\\nton, which is employed in the coast-\\ning trade and fishery.\\nIVickford villaf^e, in this town,\\nis very pleasant and tlourishing: it\\nhas a good harbor, and is a place of\\nconsiderable trade. It lies abosit 2\\nmiles east of the Stonington rail-\\nroad. Pop. of the town, 1330, 3,037.\\nKortJiport, Mc.\\nWaldo CO.. This town is bofindeU\\non the east by Penobscot and Bel-\\nfast bays. It is well watered by\\nseveral ponds and small stream-: the\\nsoil is good and productive. The\\nnavigable advantages of the place\\nare great. Cond.lerable ship build-\\ning is carried on here, and tijcre is\\nconsiderable trade in the lumber\\nand coasting business. It lies -la\\nmiles E. from Au2:;usta and 6 S. from\\nBelfixst. Population, 1337, 1,107.\\nK^ortli Providence, R. I.\\nProvidence CO. This ancient ^nd\\nwealthy town was a part of Piovi-\\ndenee until 17G7. Population, in\\nISIO, 1,753; 1820, 2,120; 1J3J,\\n3,5)3.\\nThe surface of this town U une-\\nven, condsting of moderate ele a-\\ntions and gentle declivities. The\\nroeks are p.-imi ive and trand .ioa:\\nsome limestone is found.\\nThe prevailing soil is a gravelly\\nloam, which is interspersed with\\nti-acts of sandy loun, and so iie of\\ncalcareous. The forests con ist of\\noak, walnut and so.iic pine and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0317.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe agricuUiiral productions, of\\ngrass, hay, corn, some rye, pota-\\ntoes, vegetables and Traits, many of\\nwhicli are sent to Providence.\\nThe waters of the town consist\\nof the Seekonk river, which wash-\\nes its eastern bordej the Wanas-\\nquatucket, which forms its western\\nboundary and the Mashasuck,\\nwhich intersects the interior of the\\ntownship. These streams afford\\nnumerous sites for hydraulic works,\\nsome of which are almost unrival-\\nled. There are some valuable\\nshad and herring fisheries in the\\nSeekonk.\\nThis town is distinguished for its\\nmanufactures, particularly those of\\ncotton, which form an important\\ninterest. The extent of this busi-\\nness, having concentrated a large\\ncapital, and an immense aggregate\\nof industry, has, within the last fif-\\nty years, given rise to a large and\\nflourishing village. The village of\\nPawtucketis situated in the north-\\neast section of the town, four miles\\nnortheast from Providence, on the\\nborder of the Seekonk river its site\\nbeing principally the declivity of a\\nhill, and it is highly romantic and\\npicturesque. The river hei-e affords\\nnumerous natural silcs for manu-\\nfacturing establishments, mills and\\nhydraulic works of almost every\\ndescription, which are scarcely ri-\\nvalled, and which are occupied to a\\ngreat extent. The rapid march of\\nmanufacturing and mechanical in-\\ndustry, which the short annals of\\nthis place disclose, has few exam-\\nples in our country, and has pro-\\nduced one of the mo;t con-it!erah!e\\nand flourishing manufacturing vil-\\nlages in the United States. The\\nriver here forms the bounJary line\\nbetween Massachusetts and Rhode\\nIsland, and the village is built upon\\nboth sides of it; bein?; partly in\\neach state. That part of the village\\nwhich is in this state is piincipally\\nbuilt on four streets; and coiupris-\\nes a large number of handsome\\nbuildings.\\nBesides the cotton business, there\\nare in the town fui-aaces for cast-\\ning, slitting mills, anchor shops,\\ncut nail factories, sci-ew manufac-\\ntoiies, ,c. c. See Pawtucket,\\nMass.\\nK ortSi Stoiaingtoji, CI.\\nNew London co. This town was\\ntaken from Stonington in 1808. It\\nis watered by the Pawcatuck and\\nits branches, which afford good mill\\nsites. The surface is uneven, hilly\\nand abounding in granitic rocks.\\nThe soil is a gravelly loam, and\\ngenerally productive of good pas-\\ntui age. Agriculture is the princi-\\npal employment of the inhabit-\\nants.\\nMUltown is a pretty village with\\nsome trade it lies 50 m.iles S. E.\\nfrom Hartford, 13 N. E. from New\\nLondon, and 7 N. by E. from Ston-\\nington Borough. Population of the\\ntown in 1830, 2,840.\\nJMortSmnilierlantl, W. H.,\\nIn Coos county, on Connecticut\\nriver, is ISOmiies N. from Concord,\\nand 7 N. E. from Lancaster. The\\nsoil along the Connecticut is very\\nproductive, pei-feclly free iVom stone\\nand gravel, and originally covered\\nwith ci growth of butternut. A\\nportion of the upland is also good,\\nand covered with pine, spruce, tir,\\nash, maple, .c. Cape Horn, an\\nabrupt mountain of 1,000 feet in\\nheight, lies near the centre of the\\ntown. Its north base is separated\\nfrom the Connecticut by a narrow\\nplain, and the upper Amonoosuck\\npasses near its east base, as it falls\\ninto the Connecticut. Here the\\nnieadows are extensive, and are an^\\nnually covei-edby the spring floods,\\npi-eseiiting the appearance of a\u00c2\u00bb\\ninland sea. At the falls in the Con-\\nnecticut, below the mouth of the\\nAmonoosuck, a handsome bridge\\nconnects Northumberland with\\nGuildhall, in Vermont. A dam is\\na!-o thiown across the river at this\\nplace, at both ends of which are", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0318.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\npleasant villages and mills of vari-\\nous kinds are erected. Northum-\\nberland was incojporated in 1779.\\nFirst settled, 1767. Population,\\n1830, 352.\\nNear the river a small fort was\\nerected during the revolutionary\\nwar, and placed in the command of\\nCapt. Jeremiah Eames, afterwards\\nwell known for his usefulness, wit\\nand pleasantry.\\nIVoi-tliAVOod, N. H.\\nRockingham co. There are a num-\\nber of ponds in this town, and ex-\\ncellent tishing. Suncook pond,\\n750 rods long, 100 wide Jenness\\npond, 300 rods long, 150 wide Long\\npond, about 300 rods long, 50 wide\\nHarvey s pond, 230 rods long, from\\n40 to 80 wide a part of Great Bow\\npond is also in this town, and a part\\nof North river pond Pleasant pond,\\nand Litiie Bow pond. The north\\nbranch of Lamprey river has its\\nrise in this town near Saddleback\\nmountain, a high ridge between\\nthis town and Deerfield. On the E.\\nside of this ridge are found crystals\\nand crystalline spars of various col-\\nors and sizes. This town has an\\nelevated site, and commands a distant\\nand varied prospect. The waters\\nflowing from the farm of the late\\nJonathan Clarke, Esq., one of the\\nfirst settlers, fall into three different\\nrivers, the Suncook, Lamprey and\\nIsinglass. The soil of this town is\\ngenei-ally moist, and well suited to\\ngrazing. Northwood was oi-iginal-\\nly a part of Nottingham, and was\\nsettled in 1763. Northwood is 20\\nmiles E. from Concord, 20 N. W.\\nfrom Exeter, and about the same\\ndistance W. from Dover. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,342.\\nNortli I armoiitli, Me.\\nCumberland co. Thisis a pleasant\\ntown on Casco bay, 10 miles N. from\\nPortland, and 42 S. E. fiom Augus-\\nta. Population, 1837, 2,782. The\\ntown was first settled in 1G40. In\\n1687 it was attacked by the Indians,\\n26\\nand deserted by the whites and\\nwas not re-settled by them until\\n1725. It was incorporated in 1713.\\nAbout 4000 tons of navigation is\\nowned here, employed in the trans-\\nportation of lumber and the tishery.\\nThere is a fine stream of water in\\nthe town, on which are a paper and\\nsaw mills, and other manufactories.\\nThe academy in North Yarmouth\\nis well founded and is in a flourish-\\ning condition. See Register.\\nKortoii, Mass.\\nBristol CO. Norton was taken\\nfrom Taunton in 1771. It lies 30\\nmiles S. fiom Boston, 17 N. E. from\\nProvidence, and 8 N. W. from\\nTaunton. Population, 1837, 1,530.\\nIt is well watered by Rumford, Co-\\ncasset and Canoe rivers, which\\nempty into the Taunton. The manu-\\nfactures of the town consist of theet\\ncopper and copper bolts, cotton\\ngoods, boots, shoes, leather, iron\\ncastings, ploughs, shuttles, svraw\\nbonnets and baskets total value,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$397,763.\\nWinnicunnit pond, in this town,\\nwas a great resort for the Indians,\\nsome of whom resided in natural\\ncaves, on its shores, and lived on lisii\\nand clams.\\nXorAvalk, Ct.\\nFairfield CO. This pleasant town\\nlies on Long Island Sound, 32 miles\\nW. S. W. from New Haven, 22 S.\\nfiom Danbury, and 48 N. E. from\\nNew York. Population, 1830,\\n3,792.\\nNorwalk originally included part\\nof the present towns of New Cana-\\nan and Wilton, and part of ^yest-\\nport. In the ancient record, the\\nbounds are stated to be from Nor-\\nwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from\\nsea, Indian one day walk into the\\ncountry. For this tract the fol-\\nlowing articles were given, viz S\\nfathom wampum, 6 coats, 10 hatch-\\nets, 10 hoes, 10 knives, 10 scissors,\\nlOjewsharps, 10 fathom tobacco, 3", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0319.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nkettles, 3 bauds- about, and 10 look-\\nin-J- glasses. The following aili-\\ncles were given to the Indians lor\\nthe tract from Norvvalk river to\\nFive mile river, from sea, Indian\\none day in country, viz. 10\\nfathom wampum, 3 hatchets, 3 hoes\\nwhen ships come, 6 glasses, 12 to-\\nbacco pipes, 3 knives, 10 drillers,\\n10 needles. The name of Nor-\\nwalk is derived from the above bar-\\ngain, viz the northern bounds of\\nthe lands purchased were to extend\\nfrom the sea one day s northivalk\\ninto the country,\\nThe soil in this town is excel-\\nlent. The surface is uneven, be-\\ning pleasantly diversified with hills\\nand valleys. On the border of the\\nSound the hills are generally mod-\\nerate, and in the interior more ele-\\nvated.\\nThe valley which lies along\\nNorwalk river, and in which the\\ntown is built, is beautiful. Few\\nricher prospects of the same extent\\ncan be found than that which is\\npresented from the neighboring em-\\ninences of this ground the town\\nbuilt in its bosom, with its cheeiful\\nspires the river flowing through\\nthe middle the farms on the bor-\\ndering hills; the rich plain that\\nskirts the Sound, and a ti-ain of is-\\nlands fronting the mouth of the riv-\\ner, and extending eastward five or\\nsix miles together with an unlim-\\nited view of the Sound, and the\\nLong Island shore.\\nNorwalk contains two considera-\\nble and flourishing villages, Nor-\\nwalk Borough, and the village of\\nOld Well. Norwalk Borough, (con-\\nstituted as such in 1836,) is a vil-\\nlage of upwards of 130 handsome\\nbuildings, and an extensive pottery.\\nNorwalk is a place of considerable\\nactivity and business, being a com-\\nmercial depot and market for the\\nnorthern part of the county a con-\\nsiderable proportion of the staple\\nproducts being brought hei-e for\\nsale, or to be freighted for New\\nYork.\\nThe village is built on both sides\\nof a small river or creek, which is\\nmuch contracted in width at the\\nbridge which connects the two parts\\nof the village, and the buildings on\\neach side of the stream are so near\\neach other, that the passage of the\\nriver from the noith is not readily\\nperceived at a short distance. Ves-\\nsels drawing six feet of water can\\nget up to the biidge in the most\\ncompact part of the village.\\nThe flourishing village of Old\\nWell is situated about 1 1-2 miles\\nsouth of the central part of Nor-\\nwalk Borough, on the west side of\\nthe creek.\\nThere are at present in this vil-\\nlage six or seven hat factories, three\\npotteiies, and a carriage making-\\nestablishment. This is the princi-\\npal landing place for steam-boats for\\nNorwalk and the vicinity, there be-\\ning a daily line from and to New\\nYork. A boat every other day\\nleaves Norwalk bridge for New\\nYork.\\nThere is a cotton factory and a\\nfactory for manufacturing cai-pets\\nin the town. This establishment,\\ncalled the Patent Carpet Compa-\\nny, was commenced in 1834.\\nTheir carpeting, of which they\\nmanufacture at this time about 200\\nyards daily, is made without spin-\\nning or weaving, being made of\\nfelting, the material of which hats\\nare composed.\\nThis town was burnt by the Brit-\\nish, under Tryon, on the 17th July,\\n1779. Eighty dwelling houses, 2\\nchurches, 87 barns, 17 shops, 4\\nmills, and 5 vessels were destroyed.\\nK oi \u00c2\u00bbvay, Me.\\nOxford CO. This is a fine town-\\nship, well watered by several\\nstreams and ponds. One of the\\nponds is large, very handsome,\\nand discharges its waters into Little\\nAndroscoggin river. Norway lies\\n47 miles W. by S. from Augusta,\\nand is bounded on the E. by Paris.\\nIncorporated, 1797. Population,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0320.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n1337, 1,791. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 7,272 bushels.\\nNor-wicli, Vt.\\nWindsor co. This town lies on\\nthe west side of Connecticut river,\\nand is connected with Hanover, N.\\nH. by a bridge. The surface of\\nthe town is uneven, but the soil is\\ngood for grain, pasturage and fruit.\\nOniponjponoosuck river and other\\nstreams water the town and afforJ\\nit eood mill seats. First settled,\\n1763. Population, 1830, 2,316.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIt lies 40 miles S. S. E. from Mont-\\npelier and 19 N. from Windsor.\\nJVorwich village is pleasantly\\nsituated on a plain, near Connecti-\\ncut river, and contains a university\\nand a number of handsome build-\\nings. See Register.\\nNorATicIi, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This mountain-\\nous town is watered by Westfield\\nriver. The soil in many parts is\\ngood for grazing, and many sheep\\nare kept here. There is a cotton\\nmill in the town, and manufactures\\nof leather, boots, shoes, axes, and\\nspirits. It lies 108 miles W. from\\nBoston, and 12 W. b} S from\\nNorthampton. Incorporated, 1773.\\nPopulation, 1837, 714.\\nNorvricli, Ct.\\nOne of the chief towns of New\\nLondon county. Norwich city is\\nsituated at the head of navigation\\nof Thames river, at the point of\\nland formed by the junction of the\\nShetucket and Yantic rivers, whose\\nunited waters constitute the Thames.\\nThe main part of the city is built\\non the southern declivity of a high\\nand rocky hill the houses are built\\nin tiers, ri-^ing one above another.\\nThe city, as it is approached from\\nthe south, presents one of the most\\nbeautiful, interesting and romantic\\npro-;pects in the state. The build-\\nings, which are mostly painted\\nwhite, appear in full view for acon-\\nsiderable distance down the river\\nthese contrasted with the deep green\\nfoliage covering the rocky and ele-\\nvated banks of the river, give a\\npicturesque variety to the scene,\\nforming on tlie water a delightful\\navenue to the city. There arc in\\nthis city, (or as it was formerly call-\\ned, Chelsea or Norwich Landing,)\\na court house and town hall. A\\nhigh school for boys, and a female\\nacademy, in which the higher\\nbranches of education are taught,\\nhave been in operation for a consid-\\nerable time, and are in flourishing\\ncircumstances. About a mile east-\\nward of the landing is situated the\\nflourishing village of Greenville, at\\nthe eastern extremity of which a\\ndam has been constructed across the\\nShetucket, which will, it is calculat-\\ned furnish sufficient water power to\\ncarry 60,000 spindles four or five\\nlarge factories, and perhaps 40 or\\n50 dwelling houses, are, or are\\nabout to be built. Among the fac-\\ntories there is perhaps the most ex-\\ntensive paper mill in the state, own-\\ned, by the Chelsea Manufacturing\\nCompany. There are also two oth-\\ner paper mills near the falls, which\\ndo an extensive business. The first\\npaper manufactured in Connecticut\\nwas made in this town by Col.\\nChristopher Leffingwell. There\\nare at, and near the falls, 9 or 10\\nestablishments for manufacturing\\npurposes. Besides these, and those\\nat Greenville, there are some more\\nin other parts of the town. The\\nprincipal manufactures are those of\\ncotton, paper and woolens. Nor-\\nwich city is 13 miles N. from New\\nLondon, 38 S. E. from Hartford, 38\\nS. W. from Providence, and 50 N.\\nE. from New Haven. Population\\nof Norwich, in 1830, was 5,179 of\\nwhich 3,144 were in the city limits.\\nAbove the cove, which sets up\\nabout a mile from the river, the\\nbed of the river consists of a solid\\nrock, having a perpendicular height\\nof ten or twelve feet, over which\\nthe whole body of water falls in an\\nentire sheet upon a bed of rocks", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0321.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbelow. The river here is compress-\\ned into a very narrow channel, the\\nbanks consisting of solid rocks, and\\nbeing bold and elevated. For a\\ndistance of 15 or 20 rods, the chan-\\nnel or bed of the river has a gradual\\ndescent, is crooked and covered\\nwith pointed rocks. The rock,\\nforming the bed of the river at the\\nbottom of the perpendicular falls,\\nis curiously excavated, some of the\\ncavities being five or six feet deep,\\nfrom the constant pouring of the\\nsheet of water for a succession of\\nages. At the bottom of the falls\\nthere is the broad basin of the cove,\\nwhere the enraged and agitated\\nelement resumes its usual smooth-\\nness and placidity, and the whole\\nscenery about these falls is uncom-\\nmonly beautiful and picturesque.\\nDuring the wars between Uncas\\nand the Narragansets, Uncas was\\nclosely besieged in his fort near the\\nThames, until his provisions be-\\ncame nearly exhausted, and he with\\nhis men were on the point of per-\\nishing by famine or sword. Fortu-\\nnately he found means of giving in-\\ntelligence to the scouts who had\\nbeen sent out from Saybrook fort.\\nBy his messengers, he represented\\nthe great danger the English would\\nbe in, were the Narragansets suf-\\nfered to overpower the Mohegans.\\nUpon this intelligence, one\\nThomas Leffingwell, an ensign at\\nSaybrook, an enterprising, bold\\nman, loaded a canoe with beef, corn\\nand peas, and under the cover of\\nnight paddled from Saybrook into\\nthe Thames, and had the address to\\nget the whole into the fort. The\\nenemy soon perceiving that Uncas\\nwas relieved, raised the siege.\\nFor this sei-vice, Uncas gave Lef-\\nfingwell a deed of a great part, if\\nnot the whole town of Norwich.\\nIn June, 16.59, Uncas with his two\\nsons, Owaneko and Attavvanhood,\\nby a more ibrmal and authentic deed,\\nmade over to said Letiingwell, John\\nMason, Esq., the Rev. James Fitch\\nand others, consisting of thirty-five\\nproprietors, the whole of Norwich,\\nwhich is about nine miles square.\\nThe company at this time gave Un-\\ncas and his sons about \u00c2\u00a370, as a\\nfurther compensation for so large\\nand fine a tract.\\nNottiiigliani, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., is 25 miles E.\\nS. E. from Concord, and 20 W. from\\nPortsmouth. Population, in IS. JO,\\n1,157. There are several ponds in\\nthis town, mostly of small size. Lit-\\ntle river and several other streams\\nrise here and North river passes\\nthrough the town. The soil is in\\nmany parts good, though the sur-\\nface is rough and broken. Sever-\\nal mountains extend along the W.\\npart of the town, forming parts of\\nthe range called Blue Hills.\\nJVottingham Square is a pleas-\\nant village on an elevated site. Bog\\niron ore is found here in great quan-\\ntities and it is said inexhaustible\\nmasses of mountain ore exist in the\\nmountains. Crystals and crystal-\\nline spars are found here and also\\nochres in small quantities. Not-\\ntingham was incorporated in 1722,\\nand settled in 1727.\\nGen. Joseph Cilley entered\\nthe army of the revolution at its\\ncommencement and commanded the\\n1st N. H. regiment. He was dis-\\ntinguished for bravery and patriot-\\nism during the whole contest.\\nHon. Thomas Bartlett was\\nan active revolutionary patriot one\\nof the committee of safety Lt. Col.\\nunder Stark at the capture of Bur-\\ngoyne, and commanded a regiment\\nat West Point in 1780, when the\\ntreachery of Arnold betrayed that\\npost.\\nGen. Henry Butler was an\\nofficer in the army of the revolu-\\ntion, and Major General of militia.\\nDescendants of these revolutionary\\nworthies now live in the town.\\nNiilliegan liiver, Vt.\\nThis river rises by several branch-\\nes in the highlands, at the north", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0322.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\npart of Essex county. These\\nbranches unite and fall into the\\nConnecticut at Brunswick. This\\nriver is in some parts rapid in oth-\\ners, deep and sluggish. It waters\\nabout 120 square miles, and is fifty-\\nfeet wide at its mouth. The head\\nwiters of this and of the river Clyde,\\npass N. into Memphremagog lake,\\nand are near each other. This\\nwas formerly an Indian route be-\\ntween Connecticut river and Cana-\\nda.\\nOakliani, Mass.\\nWorcester co. The surface of\\nthis town is uneven some of the\\nlands which border on the streams\\nthat fall into Cluckopee river are\\nfertile. The highlands are not very\\ngood. There is a satinet factory in\\nthe town, and manufactures of\\nstraw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, leath-\\ner, ploughs, boots and shoes.\\nOakham lies 60 miles W. from\\nBoston, and 15 N. W. from Worces-\\nter. It was taken from Rutland in\\n1762. Population, 1S37, 1,109.\\nOldtowu, Me.\\nPenobscot co. See Orono.\\nOldtoAVit Hartoor, Mass.\\nSee Edgartown.\\nOlanuuon, Me.\\nPenobscot co. See Gh-eenbush.\\nOmpoinponoosuc Kiver, Vt.\\nThis good mill stream is about 20\\nmiles in length it rises near the\\ncentre of the county of Orange,\\nand falls into Connecticut river at\\nNorwich.\\nOuioii River, Vt.\\nThis is one of the largest and\\nmost valuable rivers in the state.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIt is about 70 miles in length, and in\\nits course fertilizes large tracts ot\\nland and produces a great hydraulic\\npower. This stream rises in Cale-\\ndonia county: it passes nearly\\nthrough the centre of the counties\\nof Washington and Chittenden, and\\n26*\\nafter passing Winooski city it\\nfalls into Champlain lake, five miles\\nN. from Burlington village.\\nWinooski is the beautiful Indian\\nname of this river, and had the good\\npeople of Winooski possessed the\\nexquisite taste of their predecessors\\nthey would pro!)ably have called\\ntheir charming little city cabbage\\ntown.\\nOnion river, so called, has nu-\\nmerous tributaries, and is one of the\\nmost romantic streams in the coun-\\ntry. The channels which have\\nbeen worn in the rocks, by its cease-\\nless current, are objects of great\\nadmiration. In its passage through\\nthe mountains are found fissures\\nthrough solid rocks from 30 to 100\\nfeet in depth, with smooth perpen-\\ndicular sides, 60 or 70 feet in width.\\nIn many places on this stream are\\nnatural bridges, curious caverns,\\nand delightful water-falls.\\nThe road near the banks of this\\nstream, from Connecticut river to\\nBurlington, is said to be the best\\npassage across the mountains, in\\nthat dn-ection: it is certainly highly\\npicturesque and delightful.\\nOqtiossak. littlie, Me.\\nOxford CO. This large lake lies a\\nfew miles N. E. of the Mooseluck-\\nmaguntic. It is very irregular in its\\nform, and contains many islands.\\nOrange, N. H.,\\ni Grafton co., is 16 miles E. from\\nDartmouth college, 10 S. W. from\\nI Plymouth, and 40 N. W. from Con-\\ncord. Population, 1830, 405. In\\nthis town are found many mineral\\nsubstances, such as lead ore, iron\\nore, .C. There is in the S. E. part\\na small pond, in which is found a\\nspecies of paint resembling spruce\\nyellow. Chalk, intermixed with\\nmagnesia, is said to be procured\\nfrom the same pond. In 1810, a\\nvaluable species of ochre was dis-\\ncovered. It is found in great abun-\\ndance, deposited in veins, and ot a\\nquality superior to the imported.\u00e2\u0080\u0094", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0323.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nLarge quantities of it are annually\\nprepared for market. The surface\\nof Orange is uneven, but the soil\\nin many parts of it is productive.\\nCardigan mountain lies in the E,\\npart of the town. Orange was\\ngranted by the name of Cardigan,\\nFeb. 6, 1769. Its settlement com-\\nmenced in 1773.\\nOrange County, Vt.\\nChelsea, chief town. This coun-\\nty is bounded N. by Washington\\nand Caledonia counties, E, by Con-\\nnecticut river, S. by Windsor coun-\\nty, and W. by Addison and Wash-\\nington counties. Area, 650 square\\nmiles. Population, 1820, 24,169;\\n1S30, 27,285. Population to a\\nsquare mile, 42. Incorporated,\\n1781. The eastern range of the\\nGreen mountains extends along the\\nnorthwestern part of the county.\\nThe principal rivers, besides the\\nConnecticut, are the Ompomponoo-\\nsuc. Wait s, branches of the White,\\nand Stevens branch of the Onion.\\nThe lands in Orange county are gen-\\nerally good for grazing, and supply\\nmany cattle and all the varieties of\\nthe dairy, of which a large amount\\nis annually sent to market. In\\n1837 there were 99,346 sheep with-\\nin its limits. This county contains\\nsome excellent tracts of land on the\\nbanks of the Connecticut. Iron and\\nlead ores, slate and granite, are\\nabundant.\\nOrange, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town lies 12\\nmiles S. E. from Montpelier, and 12\\nN. from Chelsea. First settled,\\n1793. Population, 1830, 1,016.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe soil is cold, and better suited for\\ngrazing than grain. Knox s moun-\\ntain lies in this town it is quite an\\nelevation, and is composed princi-\\npally of granite. Some of the\\nquarries in the town produce excel-\\nlent granite for building, and here\\nare found plates of beautiful white\\nmica, several inches square. The\\nproducts of the town in cattle and\\nwool are considerable.\\nOrange, Mass.\\nFranklin co. Orange lies 72\\nmiles W. from Boston, and 20 E.\\nfrom Greenfield. Incorporated,\\n1783. Population, 1830, 830 1837,\\n1,543. The manufactures of the\\ntown consist of iron castings, boots,\\nshoes, palm-leaf hats, card boards,\\nshoe pegs, chairs and cabinet ware\\nannual amount about $40,000. Mil-\\nler s river affords the town a good\\nwater power, and Tully hill a line\\nprospect. The soil is uneven, and\\nbetter fitted for grazing than tillage.\\nThere is a pleasant village in the\\ntown, and a good fish pond.\\nOrange, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This town was\\ntaken from New Haven and Mil-\\nford in 1822. The name was adopt-\\ned in honor of William, Prince of\\nOrange, in commemoration of the\\nbenetits received from him by the\\ncolony of Connecticut; particular-\\nly for the restoration of their char-\\nter after the usurpation and tyranny\\nof Edmund Andros.\\nOrange lies about 4 miles S. W.\\nfrom New Haven and is a pleasant\\ntown with a productive soil. The\\ninhabitants are principally farmers.\\nSavin Rock in this town is a roman-\\ntic spot, and a place of resort in the\\nsummer. There are mines of sil-\\nver and copper in the town, and as-\\nbestos is found in abundance in ser-\\npentine rocks. Population, 1830,\\n1,341.\\nOrford, N. H.\\nGrafton co. It lies on Connecti-\\ncut river, over which is a bridge,\\nconnecting with Fairlee. Orford is\\n11 miles below Haverhill, 17 N. of\\nHanover, and 64 N. W. from Con-\\ncord. The soil is generally of a\\nfertile character. The large inter-\\nvale farms, watered by the Connec-\\nticut, are particularly distinguished", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0324.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfor their beauty and fertility. There\\nare two considerable elevations,\\ncalled Mount Cuba and Mount Sun-\\nday, lying near the centre of the\\ntown. There are four or five ponds\\nof considerable size, one of which,\\ncalled Baker s upper pond, lies with-\\nin 3 or 4 miles of Connecticut river.\\nThis pond discharges its waters in-\\nto another pond, lying partly in\\nWentworth, and the waters of both\\nempty into Baker s river. Indian\\npond lies about 1 mile west Irom\\nBaker s upper pond. Limestone\\nis found in great abundance.\\nIt is of the primitive kind, coarse\\ngrained, and forms astrong and hard\\ncement. It is found at the foot of a\\nmountain, about 400 or 500 feet\\nabove Connecticut river. Soap\\nstone is also found here in great\\nabundance. A light grey granite\\nrock, much used for mill stones and\\nfor building, is found in various pla-\\nces. Galena, or lead ore, of a very\\nfine texture, containing needles of\\ncrystallized quartz, or lead,hasbeen\\nfound, in considerable quantities in\\nsinking a well. Orford contains a\\npleasant village, situated on the\\nmain road. It is built on a beau-\\ntiful plain bordered by intervale on\\nthe W. The hills on both sides of\\nthe river, near the centre of the ex-\\npansion, approach each other so as\\nto form a kind of neck and with a\\nsimilar approximation at the two\\nends give the whole the appear-\\nance of a double amphitheatre, or\\nof the numerical figure 8. The\\ngreatest breadth of each division is\\nabout 1 1-2 miles and the length of\\neach between 2 and 3 miles. The\\nbuildings stand principally on a sin-\\ngle street, of 2 or 3 miles in extent.\\nOrford was granted Sept. 25, 1761.\\nIn June, 1765, a Mr. Cross with his\\nfamilj^ from Lebanon, first settled\\nin this town. A congregational\\nchurch was gathered Aug. 27, 1770.\\nRev. Oliver Noble was ordained\\nNov. 5, 1771. Population, 1S30,\\n1,829.\\nOrland, Me*\\nHancock co. This toivn lies on\\nthe east side of Penobscot river, op-\\nposite to Orphan s Island. It lies\\n64 miles E. from Augusta and 12\\nW. from Ellsworth. Orland is fine-\\nly watered by ponds and streams\\nit has a good soil, a pleasant village\\nand great navigable facilities. In-\\ncorporated, 1800. Population, 1830,\\n975; 1S37, 1,244.\\nOrleans Coviiity, Vt.\\nIrasbitrgh, cliief town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Lower\\nCanada, E. by Essex and Caledonia\\ncounties, S. by Caledonia county,\\nand W. by Franklin and Lamoille\\ncounties. This countj lies between\\nthe eastern and western ranges of\\nthe Green mountains. The surface\\nis generally handsome and the soil\\nwell adapted for wheat, rye and\\ngrass the climate is rather too cold\\nfor corn, and some parts of the coun-\\nty is low and marshy. Orleans\\ncounty is watered by Missisque,\\nBlack, Barton and other rivers. It\\ncontains more ponds than any coun-\\nty in the state. Much of its trade\\ngoes to Canada by the way of\\nMemphremagog lake, which lies in\\nthis county and Canada. In 1S37\\nthere were 30,657 sheep in the\\ncounty. Incorporated, 1792. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 11,375.\\nOrleans, Maes.\\nBarnstable co. Orleans was tak-\\nen from Eastham, in 1797. It ex-\\ntends across a narrow part of Cape\\nCod, and is indented with coves and\\ncreeks on both sides. Stage harbor\\nopens on the east through Chatham\\nand Nauset beaches, which extend\\nalong the coast between which\\nand the town is Pleasant bay, with\\nseveral islands. In 1837, there\\nwere 33 vessels belonging to Orleans\\nengaged in the cod and mackerel\\nfishery, the tonnage of which was\\n2,310 tons. They took 20,000 quin-\\ntals of cod fish and 600 barrels of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0325.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmackerel. There were 31,000\\nbushels of salt used, and 2 64 men\\nand boys were employed. The\\nvalue of fish taken, when cured and\\npacked, was $91,100 capital in-\\nvested, $33,000. There are 50 es-\\ntablishments for the manufacture\\nof salt in the town during the year\\nending- April 1, 1837, there were\\n21,780 bushels made. There are\\nalso manufactures of palm-leaf hats,\\nleather, boots, shoes and tin ware.\\nOrleans lies 20 miles E. from Barn-\\nstable. Population, 1S30, 1,799\\n1837, 1,930.\\nOr OHO, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This tov/n lies on\\nthe west side of Penobscot river, and\\nis watered by Dead stream and a\\nlarge part of Pushaw lake. It is\\n74 miles N. E. from Augusta. In-\\ncorporated, 1808. Population, 1830,\\n1,473; 1837, 3,961. The soil of\\nthe town is good, and produced, in\\n1837, 1,744 bushels of wheat. This\\ntown borders on the Great Falls in\\nPenobscot river, and contains a\\ngreat number of saw nulls, which\\nmanufacture a vast amount of lum-\\nDer annually for the Bangor market.\\nOrono is pleasant and uncommonly\\nflourishing.\\nA rail-road between Bangor and\\nthe villages of Stillwater and Old-\\ntotvn, in Orono, was opened for\\ntravel in 1836. It is 12 miles in\\nlength, and cost $350,000. The\\nPenobscot river at Oldtown, above\\nthe falls, is 40 feet higher than at\\nBangor. The village of Stillwater\\nis 4 miles below Oldtown.\\nAbove the falls, and about a mile\\nabove the village of Oldtown, near\\nthe mouth of Dead stream, on Old-\\ntown Island, is the Indian Settle-\\nment. This settlement is very plea-\\nsantly located, and secure from ap-\\nproach except by boats or canoes.\\nIt contains a number of framed\\nhouses, and a neat chapel with a\\nbell.\\nIn 1837, John Neptune, the lieu-\\ntenant Governor, and other officers\\nof the Penobscot tribe of Indians,\\nfinished taking by families a very\\nparticular census of all who belong\\nto the tiibe, for the purpose of a\\njust and equal distribution of the\\nannuities and other monies paid to\\nthem. It was found that the fami-\\nlies in all were ninety five the list\\nexhibiting the head of each family\\nby name, and the number of indi-\\nviduals each one contains, annexed\\nthereto. The whole number of\\nsouls in the tribe was three hundred\\nand sixty-two. Their officers are,\\na governor, lieutenant governor,\\na colonel, four captains, one squire,\\nand one deacon. In religion they\\nare catholics. Several of them can\\nread, and a few can write, though\\nin a poor hand.\\nThe whole tribe is divided in pol-\\nitics, and on some occasions party\\nspirit rages with almost as much\\nwarmth as among the pale faces,\\nthough generally better tempered.\\nNo affair of honor, or rather of\\nmurder, has ever been known to\\ndisgrace these savages.\\nThe tribe own, collectivelj all\\nthe islands in the Penobscot river,\\nbeginning with that of Oldtown,\\nwhere their village is, and including\\nall up as far as the forks, several\\nmiles above the Matawamkeag,\\nmany of which are exceedingly\\npleasant and fertile.\\nThe Indians are not poor, having\\nsold some of their lands for large\\nsums. To such a remnant, howev-\\ner, is this tribe reduced a tribe an-\\nciently and uniformly called the\\nTarratines, who could bring into\\nthe field more than two thousand\\nwarriors, and who claimed the lands\\non both sides of the Penobscot riv-\\ner from its sources to its mouth.\\nOrplian s Island, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This island, con-\\ntaining about 5,000 acres of excel-\\nlent land, at the mouth of Penob-\\nscot river, is 4 miles in length. It is\\nattached to the town of Bucksport\\nthe head or north part of it lies oppo-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0326.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsite to the beautiful village in that\\ntown. This island divides the Penob-\\nsrot into two branches the westei-n\\nor main branch is called the Nar-\\nrows, on which side a fort is about to\\nbe constructed by the U. S. govern-\\nment for the protection of the river.\\nThe other branch is called Eastern\\nriver.\\nThis beautiful island derived its\\nname from its having been the pro-\\nperty of an orphan heiress who in-\\nherited it as her part of the Waldo\\nPatent.\\nOrriiigtoii, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a fine town-\\nship of land with a handsome vil-\\nlage on the east side of Penobscot\\nriver, opposite to Hampden. The\\ntown has a good mill stream and en-\\njoys great navigable facilities. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,126. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 2,340 bushels.\\nOrwell, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town lies on\\nChamplain lake opposite to Ticon-\\nderoga, N. Y. and contains Mount\\nIndependence, celebrated in the an-\\nnals of the revolutionary war. The\\nlake here is about a mile wide, and\\nfrom the Mount a delightful pros-\\npect is presented. Orwell was first\\npermanently settled in 1783. The\\nsoil of the town is generally good\\nand productive. In 1837 it contain-\\ned 21,512 sheep. There is a spring\\nin the town from the waters of\\nwhich Epsom salts have been made,\\nand shells of animals have been\\nfound supposed to have pertained to\\nthe ocean. There are good mill\\nstreams in Orwell and a pleasant\\nvillage. Population, 1330, 1,598.\\nOssipee, ]V. H.,\\nStrafford co. is 60 mile^, N. N. E.\\nfrom Concord, and about 15 N. E.\\nfrom Gilford, across Winnepisiogee\\nlake. Ossipee mountain, a rough\\nand broken range, lies in the N. W.\\npart of Ossipee, extending into the\\nadjoining towns. It is 6 or 8 miles\\nin length, and U so elevated that\\nin easterly storms the winds break\\nover the summits, frequently caus-\\ning much injury to the farms, and\\nbuildings at its base. Ossipee lake\\nis in this town, and Freedom it is\\na fine body of water, of an oval form,\\ncovering about 7,000 acres, having\\nno island, and its waters clear and\\nbeautiful. Ossipee river flows from\\nthis lake, from whence it passes\\nthrough Freedom into the Saco, in\\nMaine. Pine river passes through\\nthe E. part of Ossipee, and Bear-\\ncamp river falls into the lake on the\\nN. W. There are several ponds in\\nOssipee, the largest of which lies\\npartly in Tuftonborough, and is\\nabout 400 rods long. Bear pond in\\nthe S. E. part, has no visible outlet.\\nNear the W. shore of Ossipee lake,\\nis a mound of earth 45 or 50 feet in\\ndiameter, of a circular form, and\\nabout 10 feet high, from which have\\nbeen taken several entire skeletons,\\nand also tomahawks, c. exhibiting\\nthe strongest evidence that the tribe\\nonce so powerful in this vicinity\\nhad their principal residence here.\\nOssipee was incorporated, Feb. 22,\\n1785. Population, 1830, 1,935.\\nOtis, Me.\\nHancock co. Otis was incorpo-\\nrated in 1835. It is bounded on the\\nwest by Ellsworth. It is the source\\nof some of the rivers which flow\\ninto Frenchman s bay, and Union\\nriver, passes its N. W. corner. Pop-\\nulation, 1S37, 92.\\nOtis, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This township is\\non high ground, and is the source of\\nsomeV the head waters of Farm-\\nington and Westfield rivers. These\\nsti^eams flowfrom several very hand-\\nsome ponds. The surface of the\\ntown is uneven but the soil is pro-\\nductive, particularly of good pastur-\\nage. The manufactures consist ol\\nleather, boots, shoes, chairs, cabi-\\nnet ware, lumber, c. It lies 130\\nmiles W. by S. from Boston, and 15", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0327.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nS. E. from Lenox. Population, 1837,\\n1,077. Incorporated, 1793.\\nOtisiield, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town is\\nwatered by Crooked river, which\\nempties into Sebagolake. The soil\\nis very good, and produced, in 1S37,\\n4,525 bushels of wheat. It lies 82\\nmiles S. S. W. from Augusta and\\n32 N. N. W. from Portland. Pop-\\nulation 1830, 1,257.\\nOtter Creek, Vt.\\nThis stream rises on the south part\\nol Rutland county it traverses, in\\na northern course, nearly through\\nthe centre of that county, and wa-\\nters Clarendon, Rutland, Pittsford,\\nBrandon and other towns; it then\\nenters Addison county, and passes\\nto Middlebury, where it falls very\\nconsiderably, affording that pleasant\\ntown an admirable water power;\\nit then passes Weybridge, New Ha-\\nven and Vergennes, a ad falls into\\nChamplain lake at Ferrisburgh.\\nFrom Vergennes it is navigable for\\nthe largest lake vessels, 8 miles.\\nThere are no considerable falls on\\nthis stream except at Middlebury,\\nWeybridge and Vergennes. In ma-\\nny parts of its course it is sluggish.\\nFrom Middlebury to Pittsford, a\\ndistance of 25 miles, it is navigable\\nfor boats. Otter Creek has many\\ntributaries which afford a great wa-\\nter power. Its length is about 90\\nmiles, and on its banks are large\\ntracts of alluvial meadows, some of\\nthe best in the state. It receives\\nthe waters of a basin of about 900\\nsquare miles.\\nOwl s Head, Me.\\nLincoln co. This noted place on\\nour eastern waters is a point of land\\nattached to the town of Thomaston,\\nrunning out three or four miles into\\nPenobscot bay, opposite to the island\\ntown of Vinalhaven. Owl s Head\\nforms the western entrance into the\\nmouth of Penobscot river, and has\\na light house to guide the wary\\nmariner on his way. A breakwater\\nis about being erected, which will\\nrender the harbor at this place one\\nof the most commodious, as it is one\\nof the most important, on the coast.\\nAn almost countless number of ves-\\nsels pass this place annually. Fre-\\nquently live hundred pass in a day.\\nFrom March 15th to June 15th, 1838,\\n5019 sail were seen to pass in the\\nday time. Owl s Head is not only\\na stopping place in a storm, but a\\nresort for great numbers of people,\\nfor many miles around, to take pas-\\nsages on board of steamers and oth-\\ner vessels. It is a delightful place\\nin summer, and has justly acquired\\na reputation for possessing all the\\nvarious enjoyments which induce\\nthousands to visit the sea coast at\\nother places. It lies 4 miles E. from\\nThomaston, 55 S. from Bangor, 40\\nS. E. from Augusta, and 79 E. N. E.\\nfrom Portland.\\nOxford Coviiity, Me.\\nParis, chief town. This county\\nis bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.\\nby Franklin and Kennebec coun-\\nties, S. by Cumberland and York\\ncounties, and W. by New Hamp-\\nshire.\\nIt is watered by the Margalla-\\nway, Androscoggin, Saco, and nu-\\nmerous other rivers. In the noith-\\nern part of the county lies a collec-\\ntion of large lakes v/hose waters\\nempty into the Umbagog, and pass\\nto the ocean by the Androscoggin\\nand Kennebec rivers. Although\\nsome parts of the county are rough\\nand mountainous, yet a very large\\npart of it is exceedingly fertile, par-\\nticularly on the borders of its nu-\\nmerous rivers, lakes and ponds.\\nThis county contained an area of\\n2,684 square miles previous to the\\nformation of Franklin county, in\\n1838, which was formed partly from\\nOxford county. The population of\\nOxford county, in 1820, was 17,630,\\n1830, 35,211 1837, 40,640. Popu-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0328.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlation to a square mile, 15. The\\nnumber of sheep in this county, in\\n1S37, was 76,028.\\nOxford, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town is w^atered\\nby little Androscoggin river and\\nseveral ponds. It contains some\\nexcellent land and two flourishing\\nvillages. It produced, in 1837, 3,22b\\nbushels of wheat. Population, same\\nyear, 1,124. Oxford lies 52 miles\\nS. W. from Augusta, and 8 S. from\\nParis.\\nOxford, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This is an impor-\\ntant manufacturing town, of uneven\\nsurface, strong, gravelly soil; 45\\nmiles W. from Boston and 10 S. from\\nWorcester. Incorporated, 1773.\\nPopulation, 1337, 2,047. There are\\nin the town 5 woolen and 4 cotton\\nmills, and manufactures of boots\\nand shoes total value, the year\\nending April 1, 1837, $501,394.\\nOxford is a pleasant town, and hne-\\nly watered by French river, which\\npasses to the ocean by the Quinne-\\nbauz and Thames.\\nThe original township of Oxford\\nwas ei^ht miles square, and was\\ngrantecf to Joseph Dudley and oth-\\ners, in 16S0, for the accommodation\\nof about 30 French protestant fam-\\nilies, who had escaped from France\\nafter the revocation of the Edict ot\\nNantz, when they became exposed\\nto every cruelty and hardship that\\ncatholic intolerance and religious\\nbigotry could invent. They were\\nassisted in their emigration to\\nthis country by the proprietors of\\nthe grant, and settled here about\\nIGSs! They built a fort on a hill in\\nthe eastern part of the town, now\\ncalled Mayo s, or Fort Hill, where\\nits remains are still visible. It was\\nconstructed by the rules of art, with\\nbastions, and had a well within its\\nenclosure. They had another fort,\\nand a meeting house. The grapes,\\nctirrants, and asparagus of their\\nplanting, still grow here, and the\\nlast of the peach trees was destroy-\\ned by the gale of 1815. They had\\na minister while resident here,\\nwhose name was Bondet. These\\npeople remained here till 1696,\\nwhen the Indians attacked the place\\nand murdered some of the people.\\nThis so terrified the inhabitants that\\nthey left the place, and most of\\nthem settled in Boston, where a\\nFrench church was maintained by\\nthem several years.\\nOxford, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. Oxford was tak-\\nen from Derby in 1798. It lies\\n14 miles N. W. trora New Haven\\nand 40 S. W. from Hartford. It is\\nwatered by Housatonick and Nau-\\noatuck rivers. The surface of the\\ntown is diversified with hills and\\nvalleys;\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the soil is generally a\\ngravelly loam, fertile and produc-\\ntive.\\nThere are large manufacturing\\nestablishments in Oxford, among\\nwhich are three satinet factories\\nand an extensive hat manufactory.\\nThe water power at this place is\\nexcellent. Population, 1S30, 1,763.\\nFrom Governor s Hill a fine\\nview of the neat village of Qua-\\nker Farms, and the surrounding\\ncountry is presented.\\nAbout one mile south of the cen-\\ntral part of the town is a remarka-\\nble mineral spring, called The\\nPool, from the circumstance of its\\nwaters being efficacious, and much\\nused for the cure of the salt rheum\\nand other complaints. Once in a\\nmonth a yellowish scum will col-\\nlect upon the surface of the water,\\nwhich in a few days runs off,\\nand leaves the pool perfectly clear.\\nIn the coldest weather, this spring\\nnever freezes in the dryest season\\nit is as full as at other times.\\nPalermo, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town is watered\\nby several beautiful ponds, which\\nform the head waters of Sheepscot\\nriver. This is a farming town of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0329.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngood soil and undulating surface,\\nit produced, in 1337, 5,326 bushels of\\nwheat. PopuLation, same year,\\n1,53S. It lies 16 miles E. N. E.\\nfrom Augusta, and 24 W. from Bel-\\nfast. Incorporated, 1804.\\nPalmer, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town was\\noriginally settled by a colony from\\nIreland. It was incorporated in\\n1752. The surface of Palmer is\\nhilly, but the soil is good, particu-\\nlarly along the banks of Ware and\\nSwift rivers, by which it is finely\\nwatered, and supplied with water\\npower. There are 1 woolen and 2\\ncotton mills in the town, and manu-\\nfactures of boots, shoes, scythes,\\npalm-leaf hats and wagons; total\\namount, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, $178,556. The value of\\n2,652 fleeces of wool sheared in this\\ntown, that year, was $4,243.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nPalmer lies 70 miles W. by S. from\\nBoston, and 16 E. N. E. from\\nSpringfield. Population, 1830, 1,237;\\n1837, 1,810.\\nPalmyra, Me.\\nSomerset co. Sebasticook river\\npasses through this town, and af-\\nfords it a good water power. The soil\\nis rich, and the surface undulating.\\nThere are some mills in the town,\\nand considerable attention is paid\\nto its agricultural interests. It lies\\n51 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,\\nand 25 E. N. E. from Norridgewock.\\nIncorporated, 1807. Population, in\\n1837, 1,328. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 8,523 bushels.\\nPaiiton, Vt.\\nAddison co. This town is bound-\\ned W. by Champlain lake, and E.\\nby Otter creek. A sluggish stream\\npasses through it yet, although thus\\nwatered, it does not possess a good\\nmill site, the country being exceed-\\ningly level. It lies 40 miles VV^. S.\\nW. from Montpelier, 13 N. W.\\nfrom Middlebury, 25 S. by V/. froni\\nBurlington, and is 4 miles from\\nElizabethtown, N. V., across the\\nlake. Population, 1830, G05.\\nParis, Me.\\nChief town, Oxford co. Paris is\\nwell watered, and supplied with mill\\nprivileges by Little Androscoggin\\nriver, on v/hich are several milis^in\\nthe town. The soil is excellent, al-\\nthough in some parts uneven and\\nmountainous. The principal vil-\\nlage is well built, pleasantly located,\\nand the seat of considerable busi-\\nness. The town was incorporated\\nin 1793. Population, 1837, 2,352.\\nWheat crop, same year, 10,453\\nbushels. Paris lies 42 miles W. by\\nS. from Augusta, and 40 N. by W.\\nfrom Portland.\\nParkman, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town is wa-\\ntered by a branch of Piscataquis\\nriver, and has an excellent soil for\\nagricultural purposes. It lies 64\\nmiles N. by E. from Augusta, and\\n14 W. from Dover. Inc^orporated,\\n1822. Population, 1830, 803; 1837,\\n1,125. Wheat crop, 1837, 6,018\\nbushels.\\nParsonsfield, Me.\\nYork CO. This town lies at the\\nN. W. corner of the county, and is\\nbounded W. by the state of New\\nHampshire, and N. by Ossipee riv-\\ner. It is 36 miles W. by N. from\\nPortland, 21 N. by W. from Alfred,\\nand 93 W. S. W. from Augusta.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nFirst settled, 1774. Incorporated,\\n1785. Population, 1837, 2,510.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe surface of the town is rough\\nand hilly, but the soil, though haixl,\\nis productive of good crops of grain\\nand hay. Wheat crop, 1837, 3,929\\nbushels.\\nThere are many good farmers in\\nthis town, and good specimens of\\niron ore, zinc and crystalized quartz\\nare found here. In this place is an\\nincorporated seminary, for the edu-\\ncation of males and females. The\\ninstitution is under the direction of\\nthe Free Will Baptists, and is in a\\nflourishing condition.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0330.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFassadvuul^eag, Ble.\\nPenobscot co. This town lies on\\nthe east side of Penobscot river, 9S\\nmiles N. E. from Augusta, and 30\\nN. by E. from Bangor. The soil of\\nthe town is fertile, and promises a\\nrich reward to the industrious farm-\\ner. Population, 1837, 422. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 1,070 bushels.\\nThe village of Passadumkeag\\nis admirable located, and will doubt-\\nless become an important mart of\\nthe trade of a large section of coun-\\ntry. This flourishing village lies at\\nthe junction of Passadumkeag river\\nwith the Penobscot. This delight-\\nful stream is about 25 miles in\\nlength. It rises in the north east-\\nern part of this county, and waters\\nthe northern part of Plancock coun-\\nty. It re-enters Penobscot county,\\nand receives the Cold stream, two\\nmiles from Passadumkeag village.\\nBoth the Passadumkeag and Cold\\nstream afford excellent mill privi-\\nleges.\\nPassamaquoddy Bay, Me.\\nThis bay lies partly in Maine,\\nand partly in the Briti-h Province\\nof New Brunswick. The bounda-\\nvy line between the state of Maine\\nand New Brunswick passes through\\nthe western part of this bay up the\\nriver St. Croix. Campo Bello,Deer,\\nand other English islands almost en-\\nclose this bay from the ocean. At\\nits mouth it is about 9 miles in width,\\nand extends from West Quoddj^\\nHead, in Lubec, due north into\\nNew Brunswick, about 25 miles.\\nThis bay contains a great numiier of\\nexcellent harbors it is never froz-\\nen over, and abounds with cod, her-\\nring and other fishes. The most\\nimportant English town on this bay\\nis St. Andrews, a very flourishing\\nplace, 15 miles N. from Eastport.\\nThe Passamaquoddy Indians re-\\nside at Perry, Me.\\nPassum^isick River, Vt.\\nThis river rises in Caledonia,\\nand on the south border of Essex\\n27\\ncounties. It passes south about\\n35 miles, and falls into the Connec-\\nticut at Barnet, about a mile below\\nthe foot of Fifteen Mile Falls. It\\nhas a number of tributaries. This\\nis a valuable stream, both on ac-\\ncount of the numerous mill sites it\\nafibrds, and the large tracts of choice\\nintervale it forms on its borders.\\nIt is generally deep, but in many\\nplaces it is very rapid, and forms\\nbeautiful cascades.\\nPatricl\u00c2\u00a3.to\\\\\\\\ai, Me.\\nLincoln co. This plantation\\ncontains the principal part of a large\\npond, and is watered by streams\\nwhich flow into the Sheepscot and\\nDamariscotta. This is a large plan-\\ntation, of good soil. Population,\\n1S37, 465. It lies 17 miles E. from\\nAugusta, and 20 N. W. from War-\\nren.\\nPaAvcatuck River.\\nThis river lises in the western\\npart of Rhode Island, and empties\\ninto Long Island Sound, separating,\\nat its mouth, the towns of Westerly,\\nR. I., and Stonington, Ct. It is\\nnavigable about 6 miles from its\\nmouth, and Wood and Charles riv-\\ners, two of its principals tributaries,\\nare good m.ill streams.\\nPawcatuck village. See West-\\nerly.\\nPa^vlet, Vt.\\nRutland co. First settled, 1761.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 1,965. Pawlet\\nlies 21 miles S. W. from Rutland,\\nand 27 S. E. from Whitehall, N. Y.\\nThe town is watejed by Pawlet\\nriver, which falls into Champlain\\nlake at Whitehall, and by Indian\\nriver, which rises from a spjing\\nsufficiently large to carry a mill.\\nThe latter river was formerly a\\ngreat resort of the natives, who fre-\\nquented it for trout and other fish\\nwith which it abounds. The terri-\\ntory of Pawlet is nearly divided by\\na range of mountains, the highest\\nsummit of which is known by the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0331.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH.\\nname of Haystack. This is a\\npleasant towa, with some manufac-\\ntures. The soil is dry and warai,\\nand produces good crops of corn and\\nhay. It feeds about 11,000 sheep.\\nPaivtiiclcet, Mass.\\nBristol CO. The toivn of Pawtuck-\\net lies on the east side of the river of\\nthe same name. It is two miles\\nsquare, and was taken from Seekonk\\nin 1S2S. The population of the\\ntown,inlS30,was 1,453; 1337, 1,831.\\nThe village of Pawtucket is\\nvery pleasant; it is an important\\nmanufacturing place, commanding\\na considerable trade, and contains a\\npopulation of about 8,090. It lies\\non both sides of the river, and in-\\ncludes a part of the town of North\\nProvidence, in R. I.\\nThe tirst manufacture of cotton\\ncloth in this countrj^, by water pow-\\ner machinery, was commenced at\\nthis place. The water power is\\nimmense, and the fall of the river\\nv. ithin a short distance, is 50 feet.\\nThe river is navigable to the vil-\\nlage for vessels of considerable\\nburthen. It runs 4 miles S. by W.\\nto Providence river, at India Point,\\nnear the depot of the Boston and\\nProvidence rail-road, one mile be-\\nlow the centre of the city of Provi-\\ndence. The river, above Pawtuck-\\net, in Massachusetts, takes the name\\noiBlackstone; below the falls it takes\\nthe name of Seekonk. This place\\nis 4 miles N. fi-om Providence, 36\\nS. from Boston, 16 W. by S. from\\nTaunton, and 33 S. E. from Wor-\\ncester. At this place are 12 or\\nmore cotton mills and print works,\\nand manufactures of cotton machin-\\nery, bobbins, spools, e. of boots,\\nshoes, carriages, vessels, chairs,\\ncabinet wares, c. total annual\\nvalue, about two millions of dollars.\\nThe turnpike road from this place\\nto Pi ovidence is probably tbj best\\nroad of the kind in the world. It\\nis very straight, wide, level, smooth,\\nand shaded on each side by beauti-\\nful trees.\\nSamuel, Slater, Esq., the\\nfatlier of cotton manufactures in\\nAnierica, resided in this village\\nmany years. He died at Webster,\\nMass., greatly respected, April 20,\\n1335, aged 67.\\nPawtiixet River, H. I.\\nThis celebi-ated river rises in the\\nwestern part of the State. It has nu-\\nmerous tributaries, and mingles with\\nthe waters of the Narraganset, five\\nmiles below Providence. This riv-\\ner is distinguished for its valuable\\nmill sitesjand for the numerous man-\\nufacturing establishments erected\\non its banks. Pawtuxet and its\\nbranches fertilize a large portion of\\nthe state. See Warivick.\\nPaxtoii, Mass.\\nV/orcester co. Paxton was tak-\\nen from Leicester and Rutland, in\\n1785. It is on high ground; its\\nwaters descend both to the Connec-\\nticut and Merrimack. It lies 50\\nmiles W. from Boston, and 7 N. W.\\nfi-ora Worcester. Population, 1837,\\n619. This is a pleasant town, with\\nmanufactures of palm-leaf hats,\\nboots, shoes, leather, carriages, c.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven,\\nbut the soil is good, and well culti-\\nvated by its proprietors.\\nPeacHiam, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. As no town can\\nbe considered properly peopled\\nwithout some of the fair sex, the\\ndate of the firstsettlement of Peach-\\nam must have been near 1777, when\\nHenry Elkins, the first child in\\ntown, was born. The first mill was\\nerected in 1731. The town is well\\nwatered by several ponds and\\nstreams the surface is pleasantly\\ndiversified the soil fertile and well\\ncultivated by independent farmers.\\nThe agricultural products are con-\\nsiderable. About 6,000 sheep are\\nkept. Peacham lies 20 miles E. by\\nN. from Montpelier, and 8 S. by\\nW. from Danville. Population,\\n1330, 1,351.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0332.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "New ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPeeling, N. II.\\nGrafton co. This town is 20 miles\\nN. from Plymouth, and 60 N. from\\nConcord. The Pemigewas^et pas-\\nses through its E. section. The three\\nbranches of this river unite in the\\nN. part of Peeling. There are sev-\\neral brooks and rivulets which sup-\\nply tliis place with a number of mill\\nprivileges. The ponds are numer-\\nous. Cushman s mountain, in the\\nS. W., Black mountain in the N.\\nW., and Blue mountain in the W.\\nare the highest elevations. Among\\nthese mountains, branches of the\\nWild Amonoosuck and Baker s riv-\\ners, and Moosehillock brook, have\\ntheir sources. On the last stream\\nthere is a beautiful cascade. There\\nare here two springs which have\\nbeen termed medicinal. Peeling\\nwas settled about 1773. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 291.\\nPelliam, N. H.\\nHillsborough co This town is\\ndistant 37 miles S. from Concord,\\nand 19 S.E. fromAmherst. Here are\\nthree ponds, called Gumpas, Island,\\nand North ponds. Beaver river\\npasses through the town. On this\\nriver and the tributary streams\\nthere is much valuable meadow.\\nThe inhabitants depend principally\\non agriculture for the means of sup-\\nport. Much timber and cord wood\\nare carried annually to the banks of\\nthe Merrimack, and thence convey-\\ned to Newburyport, or to Boston\\nthrough Middlesex canal. The\\nfirst settlements were made in 1722.\\nThe town was incoi-poratcd in 174G,\\nabout 5 years after the state line was\\nestablished, by which a part was\\nseparated from Dracut, Mass. Pop-\\nulation in 1330, 1,075.\\nPelliam, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This town lies\\n80 miles W. from Boston, and 13 N.\\nE. from Northampton. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1742. Population, in\\n1837, 957. The surface o-f the\\ntown is elevated and uneven the\\nsoil is hard but productive. Swift\\nand Fort livers alford it mill privi-\\nleges. Some palm-leaf hats are\\nmade here.\\nSome years ago the notorious\\nStephen Burroughs profaned the\\nchristian sabbath, by imposing him-\\nself on the innocent people of Pel-\\nham as a minister of the gospel.\\nPeniadtmicook lL ake, Me.,\\nOr the Bamedumpkok. This\\nlarge lake is of very irregular form,\\ncontaining a great number of isl-\\nands, and lies a few miles N.from Ba-\\nker s mountain. It receives the\\nwaters of numerous lakes, or col-\\nlections of water, lying between it\\nand the eastern sources of the\\nMoose Head. The soil on the bor-\\nders of the Pemadumcook, and the\\nlakes connected with it, is remark-\\nably fertile. The Jo Mary lakes\\nare beautiful sheets of water, and\\nare surrounded by some of the best\\ntimbered land in the state. They\\nlie near the Pemadumcook and the\\nfacilities afforded for rafting lumber\\ndown the Penobscot, through that\\nlake, render that section of country\\nvery valuable.\\nPeniTbroke, Me.\\nWashington co. Population, in\\n1837, 86G. Wheat crop, same year,\\n1,216 bushels. It lies 178 m41es\\nfrom Augusta.\\nSee Down East.\\nPenil ro3ie, K H.,\\nMerrimack co., lies 60 miles N.\\nW. from Boston, and 6 S. E. from\\nConcord. This town is generally\\nwell watered. The Suncook,on the\\nS. E. boundary, furnishes many val-\\nuable water privileges. The main\\nstreet extends nearly on a parallel\\nwith Merrimack river in a straight\\ncourse about three miles, and is very\\npleasant. On this are situated the\\nacademy and the principal village.\\nPembroke has a variety of soils,\\nmostly very productive. On the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0333.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEElv\\nrivers are small but valuable tracts\\nof intervale, and from these the\\nland rises in extensive and beauti-\\nful swells, yielding in abundance\\nwhen properly cultivated. Pem-\\nbroke is the ancient Suncook of the\\nIndians. It was granted by this\\nname in 1727, by the government\\nof Massachusetts, to Capt. John\\nLovewell, and his brave associates,\\nin consideration of their services\\nagainst the Indians. The whole\\nnumber of grantees was 60 48 of\\nwhom accompanied Lovewell in\\nhis last march to Pequawkett. The\\nfirst survey was made in 172S and\\nin the following year settlements\\nwere commenced. The settlements\\nincreased slowly, in consequence\\nof the frequent alarms from the In-\\ndians, who committed many depre-\\ndations upon their property. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,-312.\\nPembroke; Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town w^as\\ntaken from Duxbury in 1711. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,258. It lies 27\\nmiles S. E. from Boston, and 12 N.\\nN. W. from Plymouth. North riv-\\ner separates this town from Hano-\\nver; and some branches of that\\nstream, rising from ponds in Pem-\\nbroke, give it a good water power.\\nFor more than 40 years after the\\nsettlement at Plymouth, this town\\ncontained the only saw-mill in the\\ncolony. Pembroke is at the head\\nof navigation on the North river,\\nand possesses superior advantages\\nfor ship building and many noble\\nvessels, constructed of native white\\noak, are annually launched. The\\nmanufactures of the town consist of\\nvessels, cotton goods, tacks, iron\\nware, chairs, cabinet ware, c.\\nThe North river is very deep and\\nnarrow, and so exceedingly crook-\\ned that it meanders 18 miles in its\\ncourse from Pembroke to Sciti;ate\\nharbor, when the distance by land\\nis less than 6 miles.\\nPemigewasset River, W. H.\\nThis stream and the Winnepisio-\\ngee constitute the Merrimack. It\\nis formed of three principal branch-\\nes, having their sources in Peeling,\\nFranconia, and the ungranted lands\\nS. W. of the White Mountains.\\nThese branches unite in Peeling,\\nfrom whence the main stream pass-\\nes in a S. direction through Tho rn-\\nton, Campton, between Plymouth\\nand Holderness Bridgevvater, Bris-\\ntol and New Hampton Hill and\\nFranklin, where it unites with\\nWinnepisiogee river, and the main\\nstream becomes the Merrimack.\\nPemmaquid Point, Me.\\nLincoln co. This is an important\\npoint of land, extending into the\\nsea between Muscongusbay on the\\neast, and Pemmaquid river and the\\nwaters of Damariscotta on the west.\\nThere is a light house on this point,\\nwhich bears W. 10 miles from St.\\nGeorge s island, and about N. E. 9\\nmiles from Bantam Ledge.\\nPenobscot River and Bay, Me.\\nThis large and important river,\\nwith its numerous and extensive\\nbranches water a large portion of\\nthe state. It pierces the county\\nwhich bears its name and receives\\ntributaries from Washington, Han-\\ncock, Waldo, Piscataquis and Som-\\nerset counties. Below the union\\nof the eastern and western branch-\\nes the Piscataquis and Matawam-\\nkeag are its largest tributaries.\\nFrom the junction of the two\\nbranches, or the Forks, to tide\\nwater at Bangor is about 76 miles.\\nThe east branch rises at the north,\\nin the Schools lakes, near Aroostook\\nriver, and on its passage to the junc-\\ntion, a distance of about 50 miles,\\nit is properly called Seboois river.\\nThe western branch of the Pe-\\nnobscot rises in the high lands on\\nthe border of Lower Canada and\\nthe western frontier of Maine. It\\npasses through the counties of Som-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0334.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nerset and Piscataquis in an eastern\\ndirection, to its junction with the\\neastern branch, receiving in its\\ncourse the waters of hikes Chesun-\\ncook, Peraadumcook, MilUnoket,\\nand other hxrge collections of water.\\nThis branch passes within 3 miles\\nof the northern border of Moose\\nHead lake, the source of Kenne-\\nbec river. The length of this branch\\nof the Penobscot, from its source to\\nits union with the east branch or\\nSeboois river, may be stated at\\nabout 140 miles and the greatest\\nlength of the river to Bangor,\\n215, and to the ocean, 275 miles.\\nSome of the most important\\ntributaries of this majestic river,\\nare noted under their distinctive\\nnames; a description of them all with\\ntheir hydraulic powers and boat-\\nable capabilities, their rapid cour-\\nses and beautiful cataracts, their\\nfertilizing qualities, and other pecu-\\nliarities, would fill a volume. In-\\ndeed, these streams and the immense\\nbasin which they drain, are so little\\nknown, that some years must elapse\\nbefore any thing like a fair delinea-\\ntion of the value and beauty of this\\ninteresting section of New Eng-\\nland can be given.\\nPenobscot Bay. The waters of\\nthis bay extend from OwVs Head\\non the west, to Burnt Coat Island\\non the E. a distance of about 30\\nmiles. At its mouth are Fox Is-\\nlands, Deer Isle, Isle of Haut,\\nand a number of smaller islands.\\nIt extends to Belfast bay, at the\\nmouth of Penobscot river, a dis-\\ntance of 20 miles N. from Owl s\\nHead. This bay contains a great\\nnumber of commodious harbors, and\\non its borders are many large and\\nflourishing commercial towns. It\\naffords a great variety of fish, and\\nthe scenery among the islands is de-\\nlightful.\\nPciiolbscot County, Me.\\nBangor, chief town. This sec-\\n27*\\ntion of country constituting a coun-\\nty, is rather a district within the\\nstate, to be divided into counties as\\nexigencies may require. Not more\\nthan a fourth part of the territory\\nis settled, incorporated into towns,\\nor even granted. With the excep-\\ntion of a small portion at its south-\\nern boimdary, it comprises a fertile\\nwilderness, densely wooded, pierc-\\ned in every direction with mill\\nstreams, and adorned with beautiful\\nlakes. It contains a larger extent\\nof territory than the whole agri-\\ncultural slate of Vermont, with its\\n14 large and flourishing counties\\nof no better soil, at a greater dis-\\ntance from the ocean, in nearly the\\nsame latitude, and, in 1S37, with a\\npopulation of no less than 31 to a\\nsquare mile.\\nIn 1837, before a part of this ter-\\nritory was set off to form Piscataquis\\ncounty, it comprised an area of 10,-\\n57S square miles. It was incorpo-\\nrated as a county in 131G. In 1790,\\nit contained a population of only\\n1,154. In 1820, the population was\\n13,870; 1330, 31,530, and in 1837,\\n54,961. Population to a square^\\nmile, 5 and a fraction. Increase of\\npopulation, in 7 years, 74 per cent.\\nThere are some mountains in this\\ncounty, but the surface is generally\\nundulating, containing as small a\\nportion of waste land as any county\\nin the state, in proportion to its size.\\nVv ith regard to its soil, it is con-\\nceded by all who have traveled\\nthrough the territory and examined\\nit, that its quality, for the produc-\\ntion of all the comm-odities necessa-\\nry for the wants and comforts of\\nman, is better than the soil of New-\\nEngland generally.\\nThe manufactures of this county\\nconsist principally of lumber, of\\nwhich an immense amount is annu-\\nally transported. Other manufac-\\ntures, however, are rising on the\\nbanks of its rivers, and will doubt-\\nless increase with its population.\\nIn 1837, there were 39,154 sheep", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0335.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nin the county of Penobscot, and its\\nwheat crop, the same year, amount-\\ned to 202,143 bushels.\\nLarge portions of the soil of this\\nalmost wilderness county are stated\\nto be exceedingly luxuriant, equal-\\nling in quality the famed lands of\\nthe Ohio valley. There are doubt-\\nless large tracts of land in the val-\\nleys of the Mattawamkeag, Aroos-\\ntook, St. Johns, and Madawaska, as\\nfertile, and which will ultimately\\nbecome as valuable for their agri-\\ncultural productions, as any in our\\ncountry.\\nThe water power of this county\\nis unrivalled by any section of coun-\\ntry of its extent in the world, and\\nthe noble Penobscot furnishes it\\nwith a cheap and convenient pas-\\nsage for the wants of its people\\nfrom abroad, and for the surplus\\nproductions of the soil at home.\\nWhen the resources of this coun-\\nty are more fully developed and\\nbetter understood wlien the health-\\nfulness of the climate, the purity\\nof its air and water, are fairly\\ncompared with those of the western\\nand southern prairies, and when the\\nvalue of a surplus bushel of wheat,\\nor a fat ox on the banks of the Ohio,\\nis compared with the value of the\\nsame productions on the banks of\\nthe Penobscot, we trust there will\\nbe less complaint against the soil of\\nNew England, for the want of pat-\\nronage it affords to the enterprize,\\ncomfort, and wealth of her children.\\nPe5iol scot, Me.\\nHancock co. A maritime town,\\non the E. side of Penobscot bay,\\nnearly opposite to Belfast, and i2\\nmiles E. by N. from it. It is 75\\nmiles E. by N. from Augusta, 8 N.\\nby E. from Castine, and 17 S. W.\\nfrom Ellsworth. An arm of Penob-\\nscot bay sets up from the S. W., and\\ngives the town great navigable facil-\\nities. It has a great water power,\\nand its manufacture of lumber, its\\nship building, and coasting trade,\\nrender it an important and flourish-\\ning sea port. The surface of the\\ntown is pleasant, and the soil good.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,496. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 2,074 bushels.\\nIncorporated, 1787.\\nPeppcrell, Masg.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a very\\npleasant town, with a good soil and\\nhandsome orchards. It is watered\\nby the Nashua river, which gives\\nit a good water power. There are\\nthree paper mills in the town, and\\nmanufactures of palm-leaf hats,\\nboots, shoes, c. Annual amount\\nabout $80,000. Incorporated, 1753.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,586. It lies 33\\nmiles N.W. from Boston, and 17\\nN. N. W. from Concord.\\nCol. William Prescott, the\\nbrave defender of Charlestown\\nheights, was a native of this town.\\nHe died in 1795, aged 70.\\nThis town derived its name from\\nSir William Pepperell, who\\nabout the year 1727, was chosen\\none of his majesty s council, and\\nwas annually re-elected 32 years,\\ntill his death. Living in a coun-\\ntry exposed to a ferocious enemy,\\nh.e was well fitted for the situa-\\ntion, in which he was placed, for it\\npleased God to give him a vigorous\\nframe, and a mind of firm tex-\\nture, and of great calmness in dan-\\nger. He rose to the highest mili-\\ntary honors which hiscountiy could\\nbestow upon him. When the ex-\\npedition against Louisbourg was\\ncontemplated, he was commission-\\ned by the governors of New Eng-\\nland to command the troops. Ho\\ninvested the city in 1745. There\\nwas a remarkable seiies of provi-\\ndences in the whole affair, and Mr.\\nPepperell ascribed his unparalleled\\nsuccess to the God of armies. The\\nking, in rcAvard for his services,\\nconferred upon him the dignity of a\\nbaronet of Great Britain, an honor\\nnever before conferred on a native\\nof New England. He died at his\\nseat in Kittery, Maine, July 6,\\nI759,aged 63 years, leaving but on\u00c2\u00ab", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0336.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ndaughter, the ^^nfe Of Col. Nathan-\\niel Sparhawk. The last feu- \\\\J il-\\nliam (son of Col. Sparhawk,) died\\niu London in 1817. The name and\\ntitle are extinct.\\nLady Mary Pepperel relict ot\\nSir William Pepperell, died at her\\nseatinKittery,Nov.25,1789^She\\nwas daughter of Grove Hirst,\\nEsq. and ^rand-daughter of Hon\\nJudge Sewall. Her natural and\\nacquired powers were said to be\\nvery respectable, and she was much\\nadmired for her wit and sweetness\\nof manners.\\nWilliam Pepperkll, the la-\\nther of the t^rst Sir William, was a\\nnative of Cornwall, England, and\\nemigrated to this country about the\\nyear 1676, and settled at the Isles\\nof Shoals, as a fisherman. It is\\nsaid he was so poor for some time\\nafter his arrival, that the lady to\\nwhom he paid his addresses at the\\nShoals would not hearken to him.\\nHowever, in a few years by his\\nindustry and frugality, he got\\nenouo-h to send out a brig, which\\nhe lolded to Hull. The lady now\\ngave her consent. After his mar-\\nriao-e, he removed to Kittery,\\nwhere he became a very wealthy\\nmerchant, and died in 1734.\\nPeqiiawkett River, N. H.\\nPequawkett, written by Belknap\\nPiswacket, and by Sullivan Pick-\\nwocket, but the true orthography is\\nfound to be Pe-quaw-kett; an In-\\ndian name applied to a considerable\\ntract of country, now including\\nConway, N. H., Fryeburgh, Me.,\\nand some of the adjacent towns.-\\nIt is also the name of a river flow-\\nino- into the Saco, from two ponds\\nin^Eaton; and of a mountain be-\\ntween Bartlett and Chatham, for\\nmerly called Kearsarge.\\nPerry, Mc.\\nWashington co. This town lies\\non the w!side of St. Croix river,\\nand 5 miles N. W. from Eastport,\\nto which it is connected by a bridge.\\nIt is favored with good navigable\\nwaters, and is a place of considera-\\nble enterprise in the fishing busi-\\nness, ^bip building, and the coasting\\nand lumber trade. It is 184 miles\\nE by N. from Augusta, and 2o J^.\\nN. E. from Machias. Incorporated,\\n1818. Population, 1837,929.\\nAt Pleasant Point, in this town,\\non the margin of the river, is an\\nIndian reservation, the residence ot\\nthe remnant of the Oiieyiangos, or\\nPassamaquoddij tribe. The village\\ncontains a Roman Catholic church,\\nabout 20 cottages, and 120 souls.-\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe reservation comprises about\\n27,000 acres.\\nPervi, Me.\\nOxford CO. Peru is bounded on\\nthe N by Androscoggin river, and\\ncontains some pleasant ponds and\\nmill streams. It has a good soil and\\nproduced, in 1837, 3,457 bushe.s of\\nwheat. Population, same year,\\n854. Incorporated, 1821. Peru\\nlies 38 miles W. by N. from Augus-\\nta, and 17 N. by E. from Pans.\\nPeru, Vt.\\nBennington CO. This is a Green\\nMountain township, high and brok-\\nen It contains two large hsh ponds\\nfrom which issue beautiful moun-\\ntain streams. First settled, 1 73^\\nPopulation, 1830, 455. It lies 3C\\nmiles N. N. E. from Bennington,\\nand SOS. W. from Windsor.\\nPeru, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a rough\\nand mountainous town, wherein\\nbranches of Housatonick and W est-\\nfiehl rivers rise. It was formerly\\ncalled Partridgefield, and i^nconx)-\\nrated by that name in 1771. 1 ne\\n\u00c2\u00aboil is cold but adapted for grazing.\\nThe inhabitants are chiefly tarm-\\ners. Population, 1837, 656. In\\nthat year 6,127 sheep were sheared\\nn this town; the value of the wool,\\nwh h weighed 18,381 lbs was\\nSftll 948 Peru lies 111 miles AV.\\nlorn Boston, 18 N.E. from Lenox,", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0337.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand 47 E. from Albany, N. Y. It\\nis the highest land between the\\nCoanecticat and Hudson rivers.\\nPeterljoro-ugli, X. M,\\nHillsborough co. This town lies\\nmidway between Amherst and\\nKeene, being 20 miles from each.\\nIt is 75 miles W. S. W. from Ports-\\nmouth, 60 N. W. from Boston, and\\n40 S. \\\\V. from Concord. Peterbo-\\nrough lies in a N. E. direction from\\nthe Grand Monadnock,and is bound-\\ned on the E. by a chain of hills\\ncalled Pack Monadnock. Contoo-\\ncook river runs in a N. E. and N.\\ndirection through the centre of the\\ntown, affording several good pi-ivi-\\nleges for mills and factories. The\\nN. branch, from Dublin, originating\\npartly from waters near the Monad-\\nnock, and partly from Long, or\\nHunt s pond, lying in Nelson and\\nHancock, atfords a never-failing\\nsupply of water, and furnishes those\\nnoble falls, on v/hich are situated\\nseveral factories. There are ex-\\ntensive and valuable meadows on\\nthis branch, above these falls; and\\nthe soil generally throughout the\\ntown is excellent. In the centre\\nof the town is a high hill, formerly\\nthe site of a meeting house, at an\\nelevation of 200 feet above the riv-\\ner. The chain of hills on the E. is\\ndistinguished by two pi-incipal sum-\\nmits. Between these summits is a\\ndepression of a quarter part of the\\nmountain s height. About GO rods\\nW. of the ridge, or summit of this\\ndepression, on an emhenchment of\\nthe mountain, is a pond of about\\n9 acres extent, very deep and re-\\nplenished with fish, at an elevation\\nof 200 feet above the site of meet-\\ning liouse hill. There are rocks\\nin several places which afford indi-\\ncations of sulphur, and ci-umbie on\\nexposure to the sun and air. Iron\\nore of an excellent quality has been\\ndiscovered, but as yet in small\\nquantities. Peterborough was grant-\\ned in 1733, by the government of\\nMassachusetts to Samuel Hey wood\\nand others. The tirst settlement\\ntook place in 1739. In 1759 there\\nwere 45 families, and on the 17th\\nJan., the next year, the town was\\nincorporated. The tirst settlers of\\nPeterborough were Scotch Presby-\\nterians, from Ireland, or their im-\\nmediate descendants. Wholly un-\\nused to clearing and cultivating of\\nwild lands, they endured great hard-\\nships. Their nearest gristmill was\\nat Townsend, 25 miles distant\\ntheir road, a line of marked trees.\\nThe tirst male child born here, was\\nJohn Richie he was born Feb 22,\\n1751, and died in the service of his\\ncountry at Cambridge, in 1776.\\nPopulation, 1830,1,934.\\nPetersliam, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Petersham is a\\nvery pleasant town, elevated on a\\nswell of fertile land, and pre-\\nsenting a fine prospect of many\\nof the neighboring towns. It was\\nfirst settled about the year 1732, and\\nwas called by the Indians JYasha-\\nwang. Swift river waters a part\\nof the town, and affords a water\\npower. There is a Vv^oolen mill in\\nthe town; and manufactures of\\npalm-leaf hats, leather, boots, shoes,\\nchairs, and cabinet ware total an-\\nnual value, about $60,000. It lies\\n62 miles W. by N. from Boston, and\\n27 N. W. from Worcester. Popula-\\ntion, 1S37, 1,731. Incorporated,\\n1754.\\nPliillips, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town is wa-\\ntered by Sandy river. It lies 53\\nmiles N. W. from Augusta, and 15\\nN. W. from Farm in gton. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1812. Pop. 1830, 954; 1837,\\n1,283. Wlieat crop, in 1837, 6,23S\\nbushels,\\nPliilllpstou, Mass.\\nWorcester co. There is a large\\npond in this town, the source of\\nBurnshint river. This pleasant town\\nwas taken from Athol and Temple-\\nton, in 1786. It was called Gerry\\nuntil 1812. The manufactures of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0338.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe town consist of cotton and\\nwoolen goods, p;ilm-leaf hats, leath-\\ner, boots and shoes annual value,\\nabout $75,000. It lies 53 miles N.\\nW. by VV. from Boston, and 25 N.\\nW. from Worcester. Population,\\n1837, 8S7.\\nPliipsbur^^li, Me.\\nLincoln co. This is a maritime\\ntown at the mouth of Kennebec riv-\\ner, on the west side, 40 miles S.\\nfrom Augusta, and IS S. W. from\\nWiscasset. Population, 1837, 1,430.\\nIt consists of a peninsula of land,\\nof about 15 miles in length, and\\nfrom two to four miles in width, ly-\\ning between Kennebec river, on\\nthe east, and New Meadows, or\\nStevens river, on the west, and ex-\\ntending from Small Point, the east-\\nern boundary of Casco bay, to the\\ntown of Bath on the north. It con-\\ntains a U. S. fort, and Seguin and\\nPond islands, on which are light\\nhouses.\\nPhipsburgh was taken from the\\nancient town of Bristol, in 1816,\\nand named in honor of Governor\\nPhips, who was born in Bristol.\\nGovernor Phips lived in the wil-\\nderness of Maine till he was eigh-\\nteen years of age, and was then an\\napprentice to a ship-carpenter four\\nyears. He went to Boston, and\\nlearned to read and write. He chose\\nto seek his fortune on the sea, and\\nhad the good luck to discover the\\nwreck of a very valuable Spanish\\nvessel on the coast of Hispaniola,\\nand by the aid of the British gov-\\nernment succeeded in tishing up\\nplate, pearls and jewels, amounting\\nin value to three hundred thousand\\npounds sterling, with which he\\nsailed to England in 1687. He ob-\\ntained by his enterprise sixteen\\nthousand pounds, and the honor of\\nknighthood. He returned to Bos-\\nton in 1690, and commanded the\\nexpedition against Port Royal,\\nwhich place he captured. When\\nthe new charter of Massachu-\\nsetts was obtained he was appointed\\nthe first governor under it. He ar-\\nrived at Boston, as governor, in 1692\\nIn 1694, in a dispute with the col\\nlector of the port. Sir W illiam so\\nfar forgot his dignity as to descend\\nto blows. He was removed from\\noffice, and returned to England.\\nPie received assurance of being re-\\nstored, but before that event hap-\\npened he died, in 1695, aged 44.\\nPhipsburgh has considerable\\ntrade and navigation. Ship build-\\ning is pursued, and fishing is a\\nsource of profit. There is no bet-\\nter site for fishing establishments\\non the coast. It is a very pleasant\\ntown, and an agreeable location to\\ncourt the sea breezes in summer.\\nPicrmont, IS. H.,\\nGrafton co., is bounded N. by\\nHaverhill. It is 65 miles N.\\nN. W. from Concord. The soil,\\nespecially on the Connecticut, is\\ngood. The meadows, or intervales,\\nare extensive, and in some instan-\\nes highly cultivated. The mead-\\nows are composed of sandy loam,\\nin some places inclined to marie,\\nand are favorable to the growth of\\nwheat, corn and every kind of grain.\\nBack from the river the town is\\nmade up of swells of fine giazing\\nand mowing land, well watered with\\nbrooks and springs. In the N. E.\\npart of the town are three consid-\\nerable ponds, called Eastman s\\nponds. From these ponds issues\\nEastman s brook, which, passing in\\na S. E. direction, falls into Connec-\\nticut river, forming a number of\\nexcellent mill seats. Indian brook,\\non which mills are erected, is in the\\nS. part. The settlement commenc-\\ned in 1770. Population, in 1830,\\n1,042.\\nPilot Mountain, N. H.\\nSee Killienny.\\nPiscataqna River, X. H.\\nThe only large river whose entire\\ncourse is in New Hampshire, is\\nformed by the junction of several", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0339.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsmall streams in a wide and deep\\nbed hollowed out partly by them,\\nand partly by the tide. The names\\nof these streams, beginning at the\\nnortheast, are Salmon Fall, Coehe-\\nco, Bellamy bank, Oyster, Lamprey,\\nSquamscnt, and Winnicut rivers.\\nThe live last unite their waters in\\na large and irregular bay between\\nDurham and Greenland, more re-\\nsembling a lake than a river. The\\nwaters of this bay meet those of\\nSalmon Fall and Cocheco rivers,\\ncoming from the northwest at Hil-\\nton s point, a few miles below Do-\\nver. After this junction, they pro-\\nceed in a direct line to the south-\\neast and join the ocean 2 or 3 miles\\nbelow Portsmouth; embosoming\\nseveral islands, and forming one of\\nthe best harbors on the continent.\\nFew rivers make a more magnifi-\\ncent appearance than this yet the\\nstreams by which it is supplied are\\nsmall. Salmon Fall furnishes more\\nthan all the rest. This stream is\\ncalled JVewicliawannock fi om the\\nfalls in Berwick till it receives the\\nwaters of the Cocheco but the\\nname of Piscataqua ought to be ap-\\nplied to the whole of Salmon Fall\\nriver.\\nPiscataquis Kivei Me.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2The head waters of this river are\\nfound in the high lands which sep-\\narate the waters of Penobscot and\\nKennebec rivers. Its length is about\\n65 miles, passing in a course nearly\\neast. It has many tributaries, of\\nwhich Sebec and Pleasant rivers,\\nand Seboois stream, from the north,\\nare the largest. In its course it\\nfertilizes large tracts of country,\\nand gives to the towns through\\nwhich it passes a good hydraulic\\npower.\\nPiscataquis Cowiity, Me.\\n-Dover, chief town. This county\\n.vas incorporated, T^Iarcli 23, 1838.\\nIts territory is thus described in the\\nact of incorporation, to wit\\nThat from and after the last\\nday of April next, all that portion\\nof territory lying north of the south\\nlines of Parkman and Wellington,\\nin the county of Somerset, and lying\\nnorth of the north lines of the towns\\nof Dexter, Garland, Charleston,\\nBradford, and south line of Kilmar-\\nnock, in the county of Penobscot;\\nand bounded east by the east lines of\\nMilton, Kilmarnock and townships\\nnumbered four in the eighth and\\nninth ranges; and thence bounded\\neast by a line running north from\\nthe northeast corner of said town-\\nship numbered four, in the ninth\\nrange, to the north line of the state\\nand bounded on the west by the\\nwest lines of Wellington, Kings-\\nbury, Shirley, and township number\\ntwo in the iifth range and thence\\nbounded west by a line running\\nnorth from the northwest corner\\nof said township number two, to the\\nKennebec river; thence up and by\\nthe southerly bank of said river to\\nMoose Head lake thence bounded\\nwesterly by the westerly margin\\nof said lake, to the northwest angle\\nof said lake and thence bounded\\nwest by a line running north, to the\\nnorth line of the state be and the\\nsame is hereby constituted and\\nmade a county by the nam.e of, c.\\nThis county is therefore bounded\\nN. W. and N. by the British pos-\\nsessions in Lower Canada, E. by the\\ncounty of Penobscot, S. by the\\ncounties of Penobscot and Somer-\\nset, and W. by Somerset county\\nThere are numerous lakes and ponds\\nin the county, the largest of which\\nare the Moose Head, Chesuncook\\nand Pemadumcook. The county is\\ncrossed by the Piscataquis, Penob-\\nscot and Walloomstook riveis, but\\nmost of its excellent mill streams,\\nof which there are many, rise with-\\nin the county, from its own natural\\nsources. There are some consider-\\nable elevations, the largest of which\\nis Katahdin Mountain. The char-\\nacter of the surface and soil of Pis-\\ncataquis county is generally that of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0340.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEH\\nPenobscot and Somerset counties,\\nfrom which it was taken.\\nPiscataqiiog River, N. H.,\\nIs formed of two principal branch-\\nes, one from Francestown, the other\\nfrom Henniker and Deering, which\\nunite and form the main stream near\\nthe W. line of Gofistown. It pur-\\nsues a southeasterly course through\\nGoffstown and the N. E. corner of\\nBedford, where it falls into Merri-\\nmack river.\\nPiscATAQuoG Village, on\\nthis riv er and near its mouth, is a\\nthriving and pleasant village, situ-\\nate in the N. E. part of Bedford. A\\nhandsome bridge is constructed over\\nthe Piscataquog, in this village, 60\\nfeet in length. Since the Union\\nCanal commenced operation, the\\nboating business to this place has\\nbeen carried on with much success.\\nOn the S. side of the river, below\\nthis village, is a public landing\\nplace, extending fo the Merrimack,\\nand from this place lumber of all\\ndescriptions from the circumjacent\\ncountry, is conveyed down the riv-\\ner to market by rafts and boats to\\nNewburyport,and through the ^lid-\\ndlesex canal to Charlestown and\\nBoston. The rise and present flour-\\nishing appearance of this village is\\nowing in a great measure to the\\nenterprise and industry of V/illiam\\nParker and Isaac Riddle, esquires,\\nwho were the lirst to commence\\nthe mercantile business in this\\nplace.\\nPittsfield, Me.\\nSomerset co. This is a town of\\nexcellent soil, and a branch of Se-\\nbasticook river rises in the S. E.\\ncorner. The inhabitants are gen-\\nerally good and thriving farmers.\\nPittsfield was incorporated in 1819.\\nWheat crop, 1837, 4,869 bushels.\\nPopulation, 1830, 609 1837, 836.\\nIt lies 38 miles N. N. E. from Au-\\ngusta, and 20 E. from Norridgewock.\\nPittsfield, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. The surface of\\nPittsfield is pleasantly varied, with\\na good soil. Suncock river passes\\nthrough the town, affording good\\nmill privileges. Catamount moun-\\ntain stretches across the S. E. partot\\nthe town, from the summit of which\\ndelightful views are obtained. There\\nare a number of ponds in the town\\nwest of which the magnetic-needle\\nvaries materially. Berry s pond is on\\nthe mountain it is half a mile in\\nlength, and is supplied by mountain\\nsprings. There is a neat and flour-\\nishing village in Pittsfield a large\\ncotton mill, a scj the factory, and an\\nacademy.\\nThis town was first settled in 1784.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,271. It is 16\\nmiles N. E. from Concord.\\nPittsfield, Vt.\\nRutland co. Tweed river is form-\\ned in this tov/n, by two branches,\\nwhich afford mill seats: it empties\\ninto White river, which passes\\nthrough the N. E. corner. The\\nsurface of the town is mountainous,\\nand the soil hard. Pittsfield was\\nfirst settled in 1786. Population,\\n1830, 505. It lies 35 miles S. S. W.\\nfrom ]\\\\Iontpelier, and 17 N. E. from\\nRutland.\\nPittsfield, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This large manu-\\nfacturing and agricultural town, a\\nmart of trade for a large section of\\ncountry, lies 125 miles W. from\\nBoston, 5 N. from Lenox, and 33 E.\\nfrom Albany, N. Y. Population,\\n1837, 3,575. The settlement of\\nthis place, the Indian Pontoosuck^\\nwas commenced in 1736. It was\\nincorporated in 1761. It was a fron-\\ntier town for some years, and garri-\\nsons were erected for the protection\\nof the inhabitants against the in-\\nroads of the savages. The town is\\nfinely watered by two branches of\\nthe Housatonick, which unite near\\nits centre. There are in Pittsfield", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0341.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n6 woolen and 2 cotton mills, and\\nmanufactures of muskets, iron cast-\\nings, tin ware, leather, hats, car-\\nriages, prunella hutton 5, chairs,\\ncorn brooms, cabinet ware, c.\\ntotal amount, the year ending April\\n1,1S37, $68S,71(\u00c2\u00bb. The value of\\n12,962 fleeces of wool sheared in\\nthe town the same year, was\\n$19,443. Pittsfield is one of the\\npleasantest towns in New England\\nit lies 1,000 feet above the level of\\nthe sea, in a fertile valley between\\nthe Taughkannick and Green moun-\\ntain ranges. The village is well\\nlocated, and contains many beauti-\\nful buildings, which, with the fine\\nscenery and well cultivated farms\\nthat surround it, presents a great\\nvariety to charm the eye and to\\ngratify the taste of the intelligent\\nagriculturalist.\\nThere are in Pittsfield a medical\\ninstitution, a female academy, c.,\\nwhich will be noticed in the Reg-\\nister.\\nPittsford, Vt.\\nRutland co. Otter creek mean-\\ndei-3 through this very pleasant and\\nfloui-ishing town, nearly in its cen-\\ntre, and fertilizes a large part of\\nits territory. Furness rivei- afrbrds\\nthe town good pi-iviieges, on which\\nare large iron works and other man-\\nufactories. Iron ore of a very fine\\nquality, and elastic marble, are\\nabundant; also, the oxide of man-\\nganese. The agricultural produc-\\ntions are valuable. In 1837 there\\nwere in the town 12,363 sheep. A\\nfemale child was born here in 17S4,\\nwho died at the age of 9 years, and\\nweighed 200 pounds. Pittsford was\\nfirst settled about the year 1770.\\nIt was a frontier town for a num-\\nber of years. The remains of Fort\\nVengence are still visible. This\\ntown lies 44 miles S. W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 8 N. from Rutland.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,005.\\nPittston, Me.\\nKennebec CO. Pittston is a pleas-\\nant town, on the east side of Ken-\\nnebec river, opposite to Gardiner;\\n7 miles S. by E. from Augusta. It\\nis a flourishing town, of good soil,\\nand has several ponds and mill\\nstreams, and a considerable business\\nin the lumber trade. Incorporated,\\n1779. Population, 1837, 2,121.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWheat crop, same year, 2,231 bush-\\nels.\\nPlaiiiiield, N. H.,\\nSullivan co., lies on Connecticut\\nriver. It is 12 miles S. from Dart-\\nmouth college, and N. W. 55 from\\nConcord. There is considerable\\nvaluable inteivale, on Connecticut\\nriver, and in other parts are excel-\\nlent meadows. There are two\\nponds. At the S. W. part of this\\ntown, in CoTinecticut river, is Hart s\\nisland, which contains 19 acres.\\nWaterqueechy falls are in this town.\\nA bridge was erected here in 1807.\\nA small stream, flowing from Croy-\\ndon mountains, waters the town.\\nPlainiield has a pleasant village,\\nLiituated on a handsome plain,\\nthrough the centi-e of which the\\nstreet passes N. and S. On a pleas-\\nant eminence in Meriden parish is\\nlocated The Union Academy, in-\\ncorporated June 16, 1313. It is en-\\ndowed with a permanent fund of\\n,1^40,000, the liberal bequest of the\\nlate Hon. Daniel, Kimball, the\\ninterest of which, as directed by\\nhis last will, is to be applied as fol-\\nlows, viz !^150 annually to the\\nsupport of a Calvinistic preacher,\\nand the remainder for the instruc-\\ntion of pious young men for the\\nministry. This seminary is in a\\nflourishing condition. Plainiield\\nwas granted in 1761, and was settled\\nin 1764. Population, 1830, 1,581.\\nPlainiield, Vt.\\nWashington co. First settled,\\n1794. Population, 1330, 874. It\\nlies 8 miles E. from Montpelier, and\\n21 from Nev/bury. At the junc-\\ntion of Onion river and Great brook,\\nin this town, is a neat village with", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0342.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\nsome manufacturing operations by\\nwater. There is a mineral spring\\nin the town of some note, and a tine\\ntrout pond. The soil is geuenilly of\\na good quality, and feeds about\\n3,000 sheep.\\nFlainiield, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This town is\\nelevated on the Green mountain\\nrange, at the N. W. corner of the\\ncounty, and watered by the upper\\nbranches of Westfield river.\\nAlthough the surface is rough and\\nmountainous, 3et the soil is excel-\\nlent for pasturage, and produces some\\nfine cattle. In 1S37, the fleeces of\\n3,772 sheep, sheared in this town,\\nwere valued at $.5,379. There are\\n2 woolen mills, and manufactures of\\nboots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats,\\nchairs, cabinet ware, c total an-\\nnual value about $40,000. Plain-\\nfield lies 110 miles W. by N. from\\nBoston, and 20 N. W. from North-\\nampton. Incorporated, 17S5. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 865.\\nPlaiiifield, Ct.\\nWindham CO. Mooseup river af-\\nfords this town a good water power,\\non which, in the pleasant villages of\\nUnionville and Centreville, are\\nconsiderable manufactures of cot-\\nton and woolen goods. This town\\nwas incorporated in 1700 a part\\nof the land is broken and stony, but\\nin the western section there is an\\nextensive plain, of a light sandy\\nloam, noted for its adaptation to the\\ngrowth of corn and other grain.\\nin olden times this plain was called\\nthe Egypt of the surrounding coun-\\ntry.\\nThe village is on a commanding\\neminence, from which there is an\\nextensive prospect, and in which is\\none of the best academies in the\\nstate incorporated in 1783. It lies\\n41 E. from Hartford, and 8 S. by E.\\nfrom Brooklyn. Population, 1830,\\n2,290.\\n28\\nPlaistow, N. II.\\nRockingham co. It lies 36 miles\\nS. S. E. from Concord, and 30 S. W.\\nfrom Portsmouth. Plaistow was or-\\nriginally a part of Haverhill, Mass.,\\nand included in the purchase of the\\nIndians in 1642. Among the first\\nsettlers were Capt. Charles Bartlett,\\nNicholas White, Esq., Dea. Benja-\\nmin Kimball and J. Harriman.\\nTheir posterity now inhabit the\\ntown. After it became annexed to\\nNew Hampshire, a charter was\\ngranted in 1749. The soil of this\\ntown is good, being a mixture of\\nblack loam, clay and gravel. Popu-\\nlation, in 1830, 591.\\nPiatt River, Vt.\\nThis small but good mill stream\\nrises in a pond in Richmond pass-\\nes through Hinesburgh, and a cor-\\nner of Charlotte, and falls into\\nShelburne bay.\\nPleasant Rivers, Me.\\nPleasant River, in Washington\\ncounty, rises from a pond in Bed-\\ndington, and passing in a N. E. di-\\nrection falls intoPleasant river hay,\\nwhich lies E. from Naraguagus bay,\\nand is connected with that bay, at\\nits mouth.\\nPleasant River, Piscataquis coun-\\nty, is an important mill stream a\\ntributary of the Piscataquis, from\\nthe north. It receives the two\\nEbeeme branches, as they are call-\\ned, about 15 miles from its mouth,\\nin Milo.\\nPlimi Island, Mass.\\nSee JVewhury.\\nPlymcutli, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This is a fine\\ntownship of land, watered by beau-\\ntiful ponds, and a valuable branch\\nof Sebasticook river. It lies 45\\nmiles N. E. from Augusta, and 23\\nW. from Bangor. Wheat crop, 1337,", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0343.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\n4,530 bushels. Population, same\\nyear, 791. Incorporated, 1828.\\nPlymoiitli, N. H.,\\nThe half shire of Grafton county,\\nis 75 miles N. W. from Portsmouth,\\n31 S. E. from Haverhill, and 40 N.\\nfrom Concord. This town is well\\nwatered. Besides numerous small-\\ner streams, there are two rivers,\\nPemigewasset and Baker s, both ot\\nwhich are of considerable impor-\\ntance. They take their rise in the\\nheio-ht of land between the Con-\\nnecticut and Merrimack, called the\\neastern ridge. Baker s river is 30\\nmiles in length. The soil is tolera-\\nbly good, and in general is well cul-\\ntivated. Holmes academy is situ-\\nated in this town, and is a very flour-\\nishing school. Plymouth was grant-\\ned in 176.3. The first settlement\\ncommenced in 1764. The inter-\\nvales in this town were formerly the\\nresort of Indians for hunting. At\\nthe mouth of Baker s river they\\nhad a settlement, where Indian\\ngraves, bones, c., have been\\nfound also gun barrels, stone\\nmortars, pestles, and other utensils.\\nHere, it is said, the Indians were\\nattacked by Capt. Baker and a party\\nfrom Haverhill, Mass., who defeat-\\ned them, killed a number and de-\\nstroyed a large quantity of fur.\\nFrom him, Baker s river derives its\\nname. Population, in 1830, 1,175.\\nPlymoiitli, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Two mountains in\\nthis town rise to a considerable ele-\\nvation, one of which. Mount Tom,\\nis quite abrupt. The soil is gener-\\nally good for grazing, and consider-\\nable products of the dairy are sent\\nto market. Black and Queechy\\nrivers take their rise here, and af-\\nford mill privileges. There are a\\nnumber of natural ponds in the\\ntown, which furnish a great sup-\\nply of trout and other fish. Among\\nthe lime stone rocks which abound\\nin this town are numerous caves,\\nsome of which ars very large, and\\ncurious. Extensive beds of soap-\\nstone are found here.\\nPlymouth lies 52 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, and 15 W. by N. from\\nWindsor. Population, 1830, 1,237.\\nFirst settled, 1776.\\nPlymoiitli Coujity, Mass.\\nPh/mouth, chief town. The soil\\nof this most ancient county in New\\nEngland, is not so productive as that\\nof many others in Massachusetts;\\nyet there is considerable good land\\nwithin its limits. It has a great\\nwater power, which is more partic-\\nularly applied to the manufacture\\nof iron ware, of all sorts, both\\nwrought and cast. It has an abun-\\ndant supply of iron ore, of a supe-\\nrior quality. This county has a sea\\ncoast on Massachusetts bay, of be-\\ntween 30 and 40 miles, and many\\nships are built in its numerous ports\\nof native white oak. This county\\nhas considerable foreign commerce;\\nbut its shipping is principally en-\\ngaged in the tishing business and\\ncoasting trade. It is bounded N.\\nE. by Massachusetts bay, N. by\\nNorfolk county, and Boston harbor,\\nW. and N. W. by Norfolk county,\\nS. W. by Bristol county, and S. E.\\nby Buzzard s bay, and Barnstable\\ncounty. Area, about 600 square\\nmiles. This county was incorpor-\\nated in 1635. Population, 1320,\\n38,1.36; 1830,42,993; 1837,46,253.\\nPopulation, to a square mile, 77.\\nThe North river, emptying into\\nMassachusetts bay, and numerous\\nbranches of the Taunton, are its\\nchief rivers.\\nIn 1837, there were in this coun-\\nty 11,410 sheep. The value of the\\nmanufactures, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, was $4,896,907.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe value of the fishery, during the\\nsame period, was ,$582,419.\\nPlymoiitli, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. Chief town. This\\nplace is full of interest, it being the\\noldesi settlement by Europeans in\\nNew England, and the landing", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0344.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nplace of our forefathers on the 22d of\\nDecember. 1620. Its Indian name\\nwas Fatuxet. Plymouth lies 35\\nmiles S. E. by S. from Boston N.\\nlat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 57 30 W. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 40\\n45 Population, 1830, 4,334 1837,\\n5,034. Incorporated, 1620.\\nPlymouth was the first town built\\nin New England by civilized man\\nand those by whom it was built\\nwere interior in worth to no body\\nof men, whose names are recorded\\nin history, during the last seventeen\\nhundred years. A kind ofvener-\\nableness, arising from these facts,\\nattaches to this town, which may\\nbe termed a prejudice. Still, it has\\nits foundation in the nature of man,\\nand will never be eradicated either\\nby philosophy or ridicule. No\\nNew Englander, who is willing to\\nindulge his native feelings, can\\nstand upon the rock, where our an-\\ncestors set the first foot after their\\narrival on the American shore,\\nwithout experiencing emotions very\\ndifferent from those which are ex-\\ncited by any common object of the\\nsame nature. No New Englander\\ncould be willing to have that rock\\nburied and forgotten. Let him\\nreason as much, as coldly, and as\\ningeniously as he pleases, he v/ill\\nstill regard that spot with emotions\\nwholly different from those which\\nare excited by other places of e-qual\\nor even superior importance. We\\ncannot wish this trait in the human\\ncharacter obliterated. In a higher\\nstate of being, where truth is uni-\\nversally as well as cordially embiac-\\ned, and virtue controls without a\\nrival, this prejudice, if it must be\\ncalled by that name, will become\\nuseless, and may, therefore, be\\nsafely discarded. But in our pres-\\nent condition, every attachment,\\nwhich is innocent, has its use, and\\ncontributes both to fix and to soften\\nman. When we call to mind the\\nhistory of their sufferings on both\\nsides of the Atlantic, when we re-\\nmember their pre-eminent patience,\\ntheir unspotted piety, their immove-\\nable fortitude, their undaunted re-\\nsolution, their love to each other,\\ntheir justice and humanity to the\\nsavages, and there freedom from all\\nthose stains which elsewhere spot-\\nted the character even of their com-\\npanions in affliction, we cannot but\\nview them as illustrious brothers,\\nclaiming the veneration and ap-\\nplause of all their posterity.\\nThe institutions, civil, literary,\\nand religious, by which New Eng-\\nland is distinguished on this side the\\nAtlantic, began here. Here the\\nmanner of holding lands in free\\nsoccage, nov/ universal in this coun-\\ntry, commenced. Here the right\\nof sufferage was imparted to every\\ncitizen, to every inhabitant not dis-\\nqualified by poverty or vice. Here\\nwas formed the first establishment\\nof towns, of the local legislature,\\nwhich is called a town meeting, and\\nof the peculiar town executive,\\nstyled the selectmen. Here the\\nfirst parochial school was set up,\\nand the system originated for com-\\nmunicating to every child in the\\ncommunity the knowledge of read-\\ning, wiiting, and arithmetic. Here,\\nalso, the first building was erected\\nfor the worship of God the first\\nreligious assembly gathered and\\nthe first minister called and settled,\\nby the voice of the church and con-\\ngregation. On these simple found-\\nations has since been erected a\\nstructure of good order, peace, lib-\\nerty, knowledge, morals and relig-\\nion, with which nothing on this side\\nthe Atlantic can bear a remote com-\\npai ison.\\nThe land in this town is generally\\nhilly, and sandy but there is a\\nborder of considerable extent on\\nthe sea board, having been well cul-\\ntivated, consisting of a rich loamy\\nsoil, and capable of yielding large\\ncrops.\\nThe town is watered by Eel and\\nWonkinqua rivers. Town, Willings-\\nly and Double brooks, and more\\nthan 200 ponds, the largest of which\\nis called Billington ^Sea. This", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0345.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwas formerly called Fresh Lake.\\nIt was discovered about the 1st of\\nJanuary, 1621, by Francis Billing-\\nton, while mounted on a tree\\nstanding on a hill. It was in the\\nmidst of a thick forest, and when\\nseen at a distance, Billington sup-\\nposed it to be another sea. On the\\n8th of January, he went with one\\nof the master s mates, to view the\\nplace. They found two lakes con-\\ntiguous, separated by a narrow space;\\nthe largest is about six miles in\\ncircumference, and is the far famed\\nBillington Sea. It is about two\\nmiles southwest from the town, and\\nfrom it issues the Town brook. In\\nthis pond there are two small isl-\\nands. The largest, containing about\\ntwo acres, having been planted\\nwith apple-trees, produces excel-\\nlent fruit. This pond is well stock-\\ned with pickerel and perch. The\\nmajestic eagle is frequently seen\\ncowering over this pond, and has\\nfor ages built its nest in the branch-\\nes of the trees, visiting the flats in\\nthe harbor at low tide in pursuit of\\nfish and birds. Loons, and the beau-\\ntiful wood-duck produce their young\\nin sequestered retreats about this\\npond, annually.\\nThe fallow deer, tenacious of\\ntheir ancient place of rendezvous,\\ncontinue to visit this pond for drink,\\nand to hrowse on its margin. For\\nmany years this beautiful pond was\\na favorite resort for social parties.\\nA house was erected on the bank, a\\npleasure-boat was in the pond, and\\ntea-parties and tishing-parties unit-\\ned in the happiest enjoyments.\\nThere are on the road to Sand-\\nwich, in the woods, two rocks call-\\ned Sacrifice rocks. They are cov-\\nered with sticks and stones, which\\nhave been accumulating for centu-\\nries. It was the constant practice\\namong the aboriginals, to throw a\\nstone, or stick on the rock in pass-\\ning. The late Rev. Mr. Hawley,\\nwho spent many years among the\\nnatives atMarshpee, endeavored to\\nlearn from them the desigrnof this\\nsingular rite, hut could only con-\\njecture that it was an acknowledg-\\nment of an invisible Being, the un-\\nknown God whom this people wor-\\nshipped. This pile was their altar.\\nBurying Hill, formerly Fort\\nHill. Immediately in the rear of\\nthe town is a hill, rising 165 feet\\nabove the sealevel, embracing about\\neight acres. On the summit of the\\nsouthwest side, the pilgrims erect-\\ned first some temporary defence,\\nhut, in 1675, on the approach of\\nPhilip s war they erected a strong\\nfort, 100 feet square, strongly palis-\\nadoed, ten and a half feet high.\\nNo other place could have been so\\nwell chosen, either for discovering\\nthe approach of savages, or for de-\\nfending the town against their at-\\ntacks. The settlement was rend-\\nered perfectly secure, and springs\\nof water were at their command.\\nThe whole circuit of the fort is still\\ndistinctly visible, a watch-house of\\nbrick was also built near the fort.\\nThe view presented from this\\neminence, embracing the harbor\\nand the shores of the bay for miles\\naround, is not, perhaps, inferior to\\nany in the country. Let the anti-\\nquarian come at full tide and when\\nthe billows are calmed, and seat\\nhimself on this mount, that he may\\nsurvey the incomparable landscape,\\nand enjoy the interesting asso-\\nciations with which he will be in-\\nspired. Immediately beneath the\\nhill lies the town in full view, and\\nbeyond this the harbor and ship-\\nping. The harbor is a beautiful\\nexpanse of water, bounded on the S.\\nby Manomet point, and near which\\ncommences a beach three miles in\\nlength, breasting the rolling billows\\nof the bay, and serving as a barrier\\nto the wharves and on the N. E.\\nby a promontory extending from\\nMarshfield, called the Gurnet, on\\nthe point of which stands the light-\\nhouse.\\nThese several points, together\\nwith the opposite shores, compiete-\\nly enclose the harbor, having", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0346.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nClark s Island and Saquish in its\\nbosom. Beyond these points opens\\nthe great bay of Massachusetts,\\nbounded at the southern extremity\\nby the peninsula of Cape Cod,\\nwhich is distinctly visible, and\\nspreading boundless to the north-\\neast. On the N. appears the flour-\\nishing village of Duxbury, shooting\\ninto the bay, and exhibiting a hand-\\nsome conical hill, ever to be re-\\nmembered as once the property and\\nresidence of the gallant Standish.\\nBetween Duxbury and Plymouth,\\nis the harbor and pleasant village\\nof Kingston. Having taken a sur-\\nvey of this magnificent group, so\\nexceedingly endeared to the New\\nEngland antiquarian, and enjoyed a\\nspiritual vision of the Mayflower,\\nladen with men, women and chil-\\ndren, come as founders of a mighty\\nempire, we are next led to view a\\nscene of more solemn contempla-\\ntion. The whole extent of the hill\\nis covered with the symbols of mor-\\ntality, the sepulchres of our vener-\\nated fathers. We tread on the ash-\\nes of some of those to whom we are\\nindebted, under Providence, for our\\nmost precious earthly enjoyments,\\nall that is valuable in life, much of\\nprinciple and example which are\\nconsoling in death. With what so-\\nlicitude do we search for a sepul-\\nchral stone bearing the names of\\nCarver, Bradford, and their glorious\\nassociates.\\nThe following are the most an-\\ncient monuments which can be\\ntraced within this enclosure\\nHere lies the body of Edward Gray,\\nGent., aged about lifty-two years, and\\ndeoarted tliis life the last of June,\\n1681.\\nHere lyes ye body of ye Honorable\\nMajor William Bradford, who expired\\nFebruary ye 20, 1703-4., aged 79 years.\\nHe lived long, but still was\\ndoing good,\\nAnd in his country s semce lost\\nmuch blood.\\nAfter a life well spent he s now\\nat rest\\nHis very name and memory is blest.\\n28*\\nThere are in Plymouth 3 cotton\\nmills, 3 nail factories, and manufac-\\ntures of vessels, cordage, boots,\\nshoes, leather, hats, straw bonnets,\\nchairs, tin and cabinet wares the\\nvalue of which for the year ending\\nApril 1,1837, was $508,932. Dur-\\ning that year there were 4 vessels\\nengaged in the whale fishery, 45 in\\nthe cod and mackerel fishery, and a\\nlarge number of vessels employed\\nin the merchant service and coast-\\ning trade. Tonnage of the district,\\nin 1337, 26,635 tons. The product\\nof the fishery, the same year, was\\n$154,636.\\nThe corner stone of Pilgrim\\nHall was laid in this town on the\\nIst of September, 1824. This edi-\\nfice is 70 by 40 feet, with walls of\\nunwrought split granite the height\\nfrom the top of the foundation to\\nthe eave cornice being about 33\\nfeet, forms two stories. The low-\\ner room is about 10 feet in the clear\\nof the ceiling and the upper to\\nthe impost moulding about 20 feet,\\nto which being added the curve of\\nthe ceiling is about 23 feet. It is\\nintended, as soon as the state of the\\nfunds will justify, to form the front\\nby an addition of about 20 feet,\\nwith a double tier of steps, having\\nentrance to the upper room and by\\ndescent to the lower. The front to\\nbe finished with a Doric portico on 4\\ncolumns, of about 20 feet in height,\\nthe base of which to be from 3 to\\n4 feet above the level of the\\nstreet. The situation presents a\\nfull view of the river and outer\\nharbor.\\nAn Anniversary Commemora-\\ntion of the landing of the pilgrims\\ncommenced in Plymouth on the\\n22d of December, 1769, and will,\\nwe U-aai, be continued in Pilgrim\\nHall, so long as the virtues, unpar-\\nalleled sufferings, and the conscien-\\ntious performance of the duties of\\npiety and benevolence of our pil-\\ngrim fathers are held in veneration\\nby a grateful posterity. See Reg-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0347.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nisfer, and Thachers History of\\nPlymouth.\\nPlymoutli, Ct.\\nLi chfield co. Plymouth lies 22\\nmiles W. S. W. from Hartford, 31\\nN. by W. from New Haven, and\\n12 S. E. from Litchfield. Taken\\nfrom Waterbury in 1795. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,064. The surface of\\nthe town is rough and hilly, with a\\nstrong, gravelly soil, well adapted\\nfor grazing. The Naugatuck affords\\nan ample v/ater power, which is\\nimproved for the manufactui-e of\\ncotton goods, clocks, .c.\\nThe manufacture of small wood-\\nen clocks, it is believed, originated\\nwith Mr. Terry, of this town, about\\n20 years ago since that period, the\\nmanufacture of wooden clocks has\\nbeen widely extended, and forms a\\nvery important branch of the man-\\nufactures in this part of the state.\\nPlyiKiytoii, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town is wa-\\ntered by a branch of Taunton river.\\nIt lies 32 miles S. E. by S. from\\nBoston, and 8 W. from Plymouth.\\nIncorporated, 1707. Population,\\n1837, 835. The manufactures of\\nthe town consist of cotton and wool-\\nen goods, nails, shovels, spades,\\nhoes, forks, hoop rivets, shoes, leath-\\ner, palm-leaf hats, chairs and cabi-\\nnet ware annual amount about\\n$100,000. The Indian name of\\nPlympton was JVanatuxet.\\nA noble white oak was cut in this\\ntown a few years ago. It contain-\\ned seven tons and seven feet of ship\\ntimber, and two cords of firewood.\\nPoge, Cape, Mass.\\nThis cape forms the northern ex-\\ntremity of Cliappequiddic island, a\\npart of Dukes county.\\nPoland, Me.\\nCumberland co. Poland is situ-\\nated on Little Androscoggin river,\\n6 miles above Lewiston falls. It is\\n44 miles S. W. from Augusta, and\\n26 N. from Portland. Incorporated,\\n1795. Population, 1837, 2,251.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nWheat crop, same year, 3,965 bush-\\nels. This is an excellent farming\\ntown with good mill privileges, sev-\\neral ponds, and a pleasant village.\\nA family consisting of about 70\\nof that curious people denomina-\\nted Shakers, reside in Poland.\\nThey possess about 600 acres of\\nchoice land. They are attached to\\nthe society at New Gloucester,\\nabout a mile distant. Their village\\nis on a beautiful eminence. To\\nsay that their village is neat and\\nhandsome, and that their lands and\\ngardens are well improved, would\\nbe superfluous. See Canterbury,\\nJV.H.\\nPomfret, Vt.\\nWindsor co. First settled, 1770.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,867. Pomfret\\nlies 45 miles N. by E. from Mont-\\npelier and 20 N. N. W. from Wind-\\nsor. The town is watered by W^hite\\nand Queechy rivers. The surface\\nis hilly, but the soil is generally\\ngood, particularly for grazing it\\npastures about SOOO sheep. Pom-\\nfret contains a mineral substance,\\nsaid to prove a good substitute for\\npaint.\\nPomiVet, Ct.\\nWindham co. Pomfret was first\\nsettled in 1686. Incorporated, 1713.\\nIts Indian name was Masliamoquet.\\nThe surface of the town is pleasantly\\ndiversified by hills and valleys from\\nsome of the elevations, delightful\\nviews are obtained. The soil is\\ndeep, strong and fertile, and, al-\\nthough somewhat stony, is very\\nproductive, and exceedingly well\\nadapted for grazing. A considera-\\nble amount of the productions of the\\ndairy are sent to market. The\\nQuinnebaug and several of its\\nbranches water the town, and flour-\\nishing manufacturing establish-\\nments of cotton and other materials\\nare springing up within its borders\\nPomfret lies 40 miles E. by N. from", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0348.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nHartford, 7 N. from Brooklyn and\\n30 W. from Providence, R. I. Pop-\\nulation, 1880,1,981.\\nPomfret contains the Wolf Den,\\ncelebrated for the bold exploit of\\nthe gallant Putnam, who resided\\nhere some years. He died at Brook-\\nlyn, in this state, in 1790.\\nThe aperture to this den or cave,\\nwhich is situated under a high ledge\\nof rocks, is about two feet square.\\nIt is about forty feet in length, nar-\\nrow, of uneven surface, and in no\\npart of it can a man stand upright.\\nThe sides of this cave are of smooth\\nrock, which appear to have been\\nrent asundf^r by an earthquake. Af-\\nter making the necessary prepara-\\ntions for his venturous expedition,\\nPutnam entered the den, and hav-\\ning groped his passage in the hori-\\nzontal part of it, the most terrify-\\ning darkness appeared in front of\\nthe dim circle of light afforded by\\nhis torch. It was silent as the\\nhouse of death. None but mon-\\nsters of the desert had ever before\\nexplored this solitary mansion of\\nhorror. He cautiously proceeding\\nonward came to the ascent which\\nhe slowly mounted on his hands and\\nknees until he discovered the glar-\\ning eye-balls of the wolf, who was\\nsitting at the extremity of the cav-\\nern. Started at the sight of tire,\\nshe gnashed her teeth, and gave a\\nsudden growl. As soon as he had\\nmade the necessary discovery, he\\nkicked the rope as a signal for pul-\\nling him out. The people at the\\nmouth of the den, who had listened\\nwith painful anxiety, hearing the\\ngrowl of the wolf, and supposing\\ntheir friend to be in the most immi-\\nnent danger, drew him forth with\\nsuch celerity that his shirt was\\nstripped over his head and his skin\\nseverely lacerated. After he had\\nadjusted his clothes, and loaded his\\ngun with nine buck-shot, holding a\\ntorch in one hand and the musket\\nin the other, he descended the sec-\\nond time. When he drew nearer\\nthan before, the wcif assuming a\\nstill more fierce and terrible appear-\\nance, howling, rolling her eyes,\\nsnapping her teeth, and dropping\\nher head between her legs, was\\nevidently in the attitude and on the\\npoint of springing at him. At this\\ncritical instant he leveled and fired\\nat her head. Stunned by the shock,\\nand sufibcated with the smoke, he\\nimmediately found himself drawn\\nout of the cave. But having re-\\nfreshed himself, and permitted the\\nsmoke to dissipate, he went down\\nthe third time. Once more he came\\nin sight of the wolf, who appearing\\nvery passive, he applied the torch\\nto her nose, and perceiving her dead,\\nhe took hold of her ears, and then\\nkicking the rope, (still round his\\nlegs,) the people above, with no\\nsmall exultation, dragged them both\\nout together.\\nPoplin, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., is 24 miles W.\\nS. W. from Portsmouth, and 33 S.\\nS. E. from Concord. There is a small\\npond in the N. part of the town call-\\ned Loon pond and the town is wa-\\ntered by Squamscot, or Exeter riv-\\ner, beside several small streams.\\nThe soil is generally of a good qual-\\nity, and the surface of the town is\\nnot broken by high hills. Poplin\\nwas incorporated, in 1764. The in-\\nhabitants are principally industri-\\nous farmers. Population, in 1830,\\n429.\\nPorpoise, Cape, Me.\\nThis cape lies in the county of\\nYork, and forms the N. E. bounda-\\nry of Kennebunk Harbor. N. lat.\\n43\u00c2\u00b0 22 W. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 23\\nPorter, Me.\\nOxford CO. Porter is bounded W.\\nby New Hampshire, and Ossipee\\nriver separates it fiom the county\\nof York. It lies 99 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, 42 W. N. W. from\\nPortland, and 37 S. W. from Pans.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,087. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1807.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0349.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nf Portland, Sle.\\nChief town, Cumberland eo. This\\nbeautiful city lies upon a peninsula\\nat the western extremity of Casco\\nhay its length is three miles from\\neast to west, and the average width\\nia three quarters of a mile con-\\ntaining about two thousand two\\nhundred acres of land. The settle-\\nment of this neck of land was com-\\nmenced as early as 1()32, by two\\nindividuals from England, George\\nCleaves and Richard Tucker, who\\npurchased the whole tract in 1637,\\nof Gorges, the proprietor. For the\\nfirst 40 years the settlement made\\nbut little progress, and it was en-\\ntirely destroyed in the Indian war\\nof 1675. In 16S0, it vv as revived\\nunder more favorable auspices, the\\ngovernment of Massachusetts hav-\\ning some years previous to that\\ntime extended her sovereignty over\\nthis part of Maine. It had scarce-\\nly begun to gather the fruits of\\nprosperity, before it was again\\ndoomed to a second entire over-\\nthrow in 1690, by the remorseless\\nenemy, who spared neither dwell-\\nings nor their inhabitants.\\nThe territory lay waste after this,\\nuntil about 1715, when a new at-\\ntempt was made, and the founda-\\ntions of the present city were laid.\\nThe inhabitants in the early period\\nof the settlement, suffered much\\nfrom the privations which awaited\\nthem in this their remote wilder-\\nness. The Indians v/ere still hang-\\ning about them in an unquiet state,\\nand occasionally visiting them with\\nrapine and blood.\\nAfter supplying the first necessi-\\nties of their condition, the people\\nturned their attention to tJie lumber\\nbusiness, the materials and the fa-\\ncilities of which, weie abundant\\nabout them. In about 20 years from\\nthe re-settlement, it became the\\nprincipal port on the coast from\\nwhich the English navy was sup-\\nplied with masts and spars. They\\nwere transported in large ships\\nowned abroad. Manufactured lum-\\nber was sent to the West Indies and\\nto the colonies on the continent.\\nAt the commencement of the re-\\nvolutionary war, there were owned\\nin Portland, 2,555 tons of shipping.\\nThe population was about 1,900, oc-\\ncupying 230 houses there were\\ntwo religious societies, one congre-\\ngational, the other episcopalian, and\\nthe place was marked by enterprise\\nand prosperity. But it was destined\\na third time to be prostrated by the\\nravages of v/ar. In 1775 it was\\nbombarded by a British ileet, by\\nwhich catastrophe 138 of \\\\^i\\\\e. prin-\\ncipal houses were destroyed, to-\\ngether with a new court house, the\\nepiscopal church, and the town\\nhouse, to the loss of the inhabitants\\nof over \u00c2\u00a354,000.\\nFroni the close of the revolution-\\nary war, to the year 1307, the growth\\nof the town was almost unexam-\\npled. The amount of tonnage,\\nwhich in 1789 was but 5,000 tons,\\nhad increased in 1S07 to 39,000, and\\nthe amount received for duties had\\nadvanced from $3,000 to $346,000.\\nDuring the restrictions and war, the\\ntown suffered severely. It had been\\nsustained principally by foreign\\ncommerce, which those disastrous\\ntimes wholly prostrated. After the\\npeace of 1815, the old channels of\\ntrade were revisited, and new ones\\nopened with still increasing success.\\nPortland probably enioJ^s a larger\\ncommerce with the West Indies,\\nthan any other port in the union.\\nIn 1830, the quantity of shipping\\nwas 43,071 tons; in 1832, there\\nwere owned in this port 412 vessels,\\nemploying 2,700 seamen in 1834\\nthe tonnage of vessels belonging to\\nthe port was 51,433 tons, and in\\n1837, 53,081 tons. There arrived\\nin one year 484 vessels exclusive of\\ncoastwise arrivals from ports north\\nof Cape Cod, of which 163 were\\nfrom foreign ports, and 321 were\\ncoastwise. The importations were\\nas follows, molasses, 30,425 hhds\\nflour, 65,471 barrels; corn, 76,118", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0350.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbushels; salt, 2-1,267 hhds coal,\\n1,75S tons, c. The principal ex-\\nports are lumber, fish, beef, pork,\\npot and pearl ashes, hay, pota-\\ntoes, ,c.\\nThe population has advanced in\\na similar ratio in 1790 it was 2,-\\n2i0; 1800,3,704; 1810,7,169; 1S20,\\n8,521; 1830,12,601; 1834,13,289;\\nand in 1837, 15,637, exclusive of\\nforeigners.\\nPoi-tland was connected with Fal-\\nmouth until 1786, and commonly\\nwent by the name of Falmouth\\nNeck. In that year it was incorpo-\\nrated and received its present name.\\nIn 1S32 a charter for a city was ob-\\ntained, and a government, consisting\\nof a mayor, seven aldermen and\\ntwenty-one common council men\\nwas duly organized under it in\\nApril, of the same year.\\nThere are in the city 16 houses\\nof pubhc worship, many of which\\nare very elegant. There is also in\\nthe city a beautiful court house, a\\nspacious city hall, and a substantial\\nstone jail. An athenaeum was\\nfounded here in 1826, embracino; a\\nlarge reading room and library the\\nlibrary at this time contains between\\n3,000 and 4,000 volumes of well se-\\nlected books.\\nThe public press is as flourishing\\nin Portland as in other parts of the\\nUnited States. There were pub-\\nlished in that city, in 1837,3 daily\\npapers, 2 tri-weekly, 1 semi-week-\\nly and 12 weekly, embracing all\\nthe subjects of politics, literature,\\nagriculture, religion and morals.\\nPortland is 110 miles N. N. E.\\nfrom Boston, 54 S. W. from Au-\\ngusta, and 554 from Washington.\\nLat. 43\u00c2\u00b0 39 26 N., Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 20\\n30 W.\\nIt is pleasantly situated between\\nFore or Casco river, and Back cove.\\nThe location is calculated to exhib-\\nit the city very favorably on ap-\\nproaching it from the sea, as the\\nbuildings rise between two hills in\\nthe form of an amphitheatre. On\\nthe site of old fort Sumner is an\\nobservatory about 70 feet in height,\\ncommanding a delightful view of\\nthe city, the harbor, the islands in\\nCasco bay and, extending north-\\nwest to the elevated peaks of the\\nWhite mountains.\\nThe access to Portland by sea is\\neasy, its harbor spacious and\\nsafe, and rarely obstructed by ice.\\nIt has a water communication with\\nthe country to a distance of nearly\\n50 miles, by the Cumberland and\\nOxford Canal, which was finished\\nin 1830 and it is the nearest sea-\\nboard market for the rich and beau-\\ntiful country on the upper waters\\nof Connecticut river, through the\\nFranconiaand White mountain pass-\\nes; and with the White mountains\\nover a level road to Lancaster in\\nN. H.\\nThe rail-road from Boston will\\nsoon reach this place, and a rail-road\\nfrom Portland to the upper waters\\nof the Connecticut is in contempla-\\ntion.\\nThere are numerous resources\\nin the interior not yet brought into\\nactivity, which will give to this\\nplace continually increasing import-\\nance, and reward the exertions of\\nits intelligent and enterprising in-\\nhabitants.\\nPortsiuoutli, N. H.,\\nRockingham co., is the principal\\ntown in the state, and the only sea-\\nport which it contains. It is situa-\\nted in N. lat. 43\u00c2\u00b0 4 54 W. Ion.\\n70\u00c2\u00b0 45 Portsmouth is built on a\\nbeautiful peninsula, on the south\\nside of the river; and, as seen from\\nthe towers of tbe steeples, the riv-\\ner, harbor, points, islands and adja-\\ncent country, presents a delightful\\nassemblage of objects. In many\\nparts of the town are beautiful gar-\\ndens. It was settled under the aus-\\npices of Sir Feriinando Gorges\\nand Capt. John Mason, in 1623, and\\nwas incorporated by charter in 1633.\\nThat part of it which lies round\\nChurch hill, extending N. and W.,\\nwas originally called Strawberry", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0351.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBank. The first house of which\\nwe have any account, erected in\\nwhat is now the compact part of\\nthe town, was built by Humphrey\\nChadbourne, and according to tra-\\ndition, stood near the corner of\\nCourt and Pond streets. It was\\ncalled the Great house, and is\\nfrequently referred to in early his-\\ntories. Within the memory of the\\npresent generation, a garrison house\\nstood in Water street, another in\\nFore street, and a third at the Fer-\\nry-ways. These were probably\\nthe principal houses on the Bank.\\nThe tirst meeting house stood on\\nPleasant street. Except the garri-\\nson houses above mentioned, the\\nearliest settlements were probably\\non the south road. From the pe-\\nculiar advantages of its situation,\\nPortsmouth appears almost wholly\\nto have escaped the ravages of the\\nIndians. Secured on three sides\\nby the Piscataqua, the ocean, and\\nan inlet, it was accessible to the\\nsavages only by the isthmus which\\nconnects it with the main and\\nacross that a stockade fence was ex-\\ntended for defence. The settle-\\nments were also compact, and the\\nnumber of inhabitants at an early\\ndate considerable. In 1822, the\\nwealthy and enterprising citizens\\nof this town connected Portsmouth\\nwith Kittery, in Maine, by two\\nbridges, one 4S0 feet in length,\\nsupported by 20 piers; the other\\n1750 feet, supported by 70 piers.\\nUnder the long bridge, for 900 feet,\\nthe water varies from 45 to 53 feet\\nin depth at low water. The draw\\nis 133G feet from the island, and\\nthe water is 21 feet deep at low\\ntide. This bridge greatly increases\\nand facilitates the travel from Port-\\nland and its vicinity to this town\\nand Boston. The town is also con-\\nnected with New Castle by abridge\\nbuilt in 1821. The streets, though\\nnot laid out with much regularity,\\nare neat and pleasant, and contain\\nmany beautiful buildings. Ports-\\nraouih Aqueduct COiiipany was in-\\ncorporated 1797, and commenced\\nits operations in 1799. Water of\\nexcellent quality is brought from a\\nfountain about 3 miles distant, and\\nconducted into all the principal\\nstreets. Portsmouth pier, 340 feet\\nin length, and about 60 feet wide,\\nwas incorporated 1795. Portsmouth\\nAthenaeum was incorporated, 1817,\\nand has a library of about 5,000\\nvolumes and cabinets of mineral-\\nogy, natural history, c. The\\ninstitution is rapidly increasing in\\nvalue. The people of this town were\\nat an early period friendly to litera-\\nture, and their institutions for\\nlearning are highly respectable.\\nPortsmouth is the centre of a con-\\nsiderable trade directed b} wealthy\\nand enterprising citizens. The\\nPiscataqua, as it passes this town,\\nis from 1-2 to 3-4 of a mile wide\\nand although the current is so swift\\nas to prevent the river from freez-\\ning, yet it forms one of the most se-\\ncure and commodious harbors in the\\nUnited States, into which ships of\\nany size or burthen may enter with\\nperfect safety. It is protected by\\nnature from the ravages of the N.\\nE. storms, and can very easily be\\nrendered inaccessible to enemies.\\nThe main entrance to the harbor,\\nwhich is well protected by forts, is\\non the N. E., between New Castle\\nand Kittery the other entrance,\\non the S. of New Castle, is called\\nLittle Harbor, where the water is\\nshoal, and the bottom sandy. At\\nthis place, in the spring of 1623,\\nthe first settlers of this state made\\ntheir landing, and in the same year\\ncommenced settlements here and\\nat Dover.\\nAbout one mile below the town\\nthe navigation is rendered some-\\nwhat difficult by the rapidity of\\nthe current the main body of the\\nriver being forced through a chan-\\nnel only about 45 rods wide.\\nThere are in the harbor a number\\nof islands, the most considerable of\\nwhich is Great island. The others\\nare Continental island, oa which is", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0352.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe Navy yard, one of the safest\\nand most convenient on the coast;\\nBadger s island, on which the\\nJ\\\\ ^orth America, (the first Une of\\nbattleship launched in the western\\nhemisphere) was built during the\\nrevolutionary war.\\nFew town s in New England have\\nsuffered so much from lircs as Ports-\\nmouth. On Dec. 26, 1S02, 102\\nbuildings were burnt. Dec. 24,\\n1806, 14 buildings, including St.\\nJohn s church, were destroyed.\\nBut the most calamitous fire broke\\nout Dec. 22, 1813, when 397 build-\\nings were burnt, of which more\\nthan 100 were dwelling houses.\\nThe ravages extended over about\\n15 acres.\\nThe United States navy yard is\\nadmirably located for its object.\\nThere are at present three ship\\nhouses in the yard, in which are a\\n74 and a 40 gun ship. One of the\\nhouses is 240 feet long and 131 feet\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0yvide the roof is covered with\\n1.30 tons of slate. In this building\\nthe keel of the frigate Congress\\nwas laid in 1837. The g,overnment\\nof the U. S. has been liberal in its\\nappropriations for this excellent na-\\nval depot, at which a dry dock\\nwill soon be constructed. Ports-\\nmouth has ever been celebrated for\\nits fine white oak timber and its\\nnaval architects.\\nShip building for the merchant\\nservice is extensively pursued, and\\nother manufactures flourish. There\\nare 35 ships belonging to this port\\nregularly engaged in the freighting\\nb- ^siness; 100 vessels in the cod\\nand mackerel fisheries, 52 in the\\ncoasting trade, 3 in the West India\\nbusiness, and 1 employed in whal-\\ning. The number of men and\\nboys employed in navigation, in\\n1837, was 750. The tonnage of the\\ndistrict, the same year, was 25,114\\ntons. As much of the capital of\\nthis wealthy town is employed\\nabroad, and much of the inland\\ntrade passes on the river, there is\\nbut iittle show of business in the\\nstreets, compared with some othe?\\ncommercial places.\\nPortsmouth lies 45 miles E. S. E,\\nfrom Concord, 56 N. E. from Bos\\nton, and 54 S. W. from Portland.\\nPopulation, 1820, 7,327; 1830,\\n8,082. The present population is\\nabout 9,000. The rail-road from\\nBoston to Maine will probably pass\\nthrough this town. The proximity\\nof Portsmouth to the ocean, its\\nneatness, quietude and beauty, ren-\\nder it an agreeable residence, and\\na fashionable resort in the summer.\\nAmongthe citizens of Portsmouth\\ndistinguished for their talents or\\npublic services, we may mention\\nWilliam Vaughajv, the origin-\\nal projector of the expedition against\\nLouisboura:, was born at Ports-\\nmouth, Sept. 12, 1703, and died in\\nLondon, in Dec. 1746.\\nJohn Wentworth, the first\\ngovernor of that name in N. H.\\nHe died Dec. 12, 1730, aged 59.\\nBeivning Wentworth, who\\ndied Oct. 14, 1770, aged 75.\\nDr. Joshua Brackett, a dis\\ntinguished physician and founder of\\nthe N. H. Medical Society, died\\nJuly 17, 1802, aged 69.\\nlion. Samuel Hale, a native\\nof Newbury, Mass., who for more\\nthan 30 years, taught a public school\\nin Portsmouth. He died July 10,\\n1807, aged 89.\\nRev. Samuel Haven, D. D.\\nwas born at Framingham, Mass.\\nAug. 4, 1727 settled at Portsmouth\\nin 1752 received the degree of\\nD. D. from the University of Edin-\\nburgh in 1772 and died March 3,\\n1806, aged 79. He was eminently\\nuseful.\\nDr. Ammi R. Cutter, was born\\nat North Yarmouth, Me. in March\\n1735. For 60 years he was an em-\\ninent practitioner, and during life a\\nfirm supporter of his country. He\\ndied Dec. 8, 1820, aged 86.\\nHon. John Pickering, LL. D.,\\nwas a native of Newington. He\\nwas appointed chief justice oi the\\nsuperior court in 1790, and conrin-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0353.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nued in office five years. He was\\nafterwards district judge of the\\nU. S., and died April 1 1,^1805, aged\\n67. Hon. John Lajvgdon, LL.D.\\nwas born at Portsmjutli in V7A0.\\nIn 1735 he was chosen president of\\nthe state. He was elected to the\\nsains office in 1788, and after the\\nadoption of the constitution was\\ngovernor six years. He ever dis-\\ncharged the duties of the offices to\\nwhich he was elected faithfully\\nand acceptably. Unlike many ele-\\nvated to office, he remembered that\\nthe people clothed him with author-\\nity, and his only study was to serve\\nthem honestly and faithfully. He\\ndied Sept. IS, 1819, aged 791\\nHon. Woodbury La.ivgdon, a\\nfirm patriot and useful citizen.\\nHon. Richard Evans was\\nborn at Portsmouth, May 13, 1777.\\nHe died July 18, 1816, aged 39.\\nJonathan M. Sewall., Esq.,\\nco.insellor at law, and a respectable\\npoet, was born at Salem, Mas^,., in\\n1748, and died at Portsmouth, March\\n29, ISOS.\\nRev. Joseph Buckminster,\\nD. D. a native of Rutland, Mass.,\\nsettled at Portsmouth,1779, and died\\naiReedsborough,Vt. June 10, 1812,\\naged 61. Dr. B. was a distinguish-\\ned scholar and an eminent divine.\\nPortsinoutli, R. I.\\nNewport co. The soil of this\\ntown, in coaimon with all the lands\\non the island of R. I., is uncommon-\\nly fertile, well cultivated and pro-\\nductive. It is bounded N. by Mount\\nHope bay, E. by the Seaconnet pas-\\nsage from the sea to said bay, S. by\\nthe ocean, and W. by Middletown.\\nThe maritime situation of the town\\naffords the people great facilities for\\nthe fisheries, which, v/ith a fine\\nsoil, and industry, give them a great\\ndegree of independence. A number\\none called are attached to this town,\\nof which the beautiful and fertile\\nisland of Prudence is the largest.\\nIt is six miles in length, and about\\nthree quarters of a mile average\\nwidth. In this town are the Rhode\\nIsland coal mines, which are not\\nworked at the present time. A fine\\nbed of plumbago has recently\\nbeen discovered. Portsmouth fur-\\nnishes considerable quantities of\\nwool, hay, grain, vegetables, and\\nproductions of the dairy. In 1837\\nthere were 16,000 sheep in the\\ntown. Population, 1830, 1,727.\\nPortsmouth lies 6 miles N. N. E.\\nfrom Newport. A stone bridge,\\n1,000 feet in length, connects it\\nwith Tiverton. It received its char-\\nter from Charles II., in loG3.\\nPoiiltiiey, Vt.\\nRutland CO. The surface of this\\ntown is pleasantly diversified the\\nsoil is warm and productive, partic-\\nularly on the borders of the river.\\nFirst settled, 1771. Population, 1830,\\n1,909. There are two flourishing\\nvillages in the town, and manufac-\\ntures of various sorts. The pro-\\nductions of the soil are considera-\\nble, and 12,000 sheep are kept. It\\nlies 60 miles S. W. from Montpe-\\nlier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.\\nPoultney river, rising in the high\\nlands near Middletown, and emp-\\ntying into East bay, an arm of\\nChamplain lake, is about 25 miles\\nin length, and in its course affords\\nnumerous valuable mill sites. This\\nstream changed its course in 1783,\\nby cutting a channel of 100 feet in\\ndepth through a ridge of land near\\nthe bay, and destroying the navi-\\ngation of the bay for a time, by\\nnearly filling it with earth. This\\nobstruction has been removed.\\nPo^vnal, Me,\\nCumberland co. This is a small\\ntown, of good soil, and bounded N.\\nby Durham. It lies 35 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 19 N. from Port-\\nland. Incorporated, 1808. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,232.\\nPownal, Vt.\\nBennington co. First settled,\\n1761. Population, in 1830 1,835.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0354.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPownal lies 30 miles W. by S. from\\nBrattleborough, and 8 S. from Ben-\\nnington. The surface is broken and\\nhilly, but the soil is strong- and re-\\nmarkably well adapted for grass,\\nproducing all the varieties of the dai-\\nry in great abundance and of an ex-\\ncellent quality. The number of\\nsheep kept in this town is about\\n8,000. Pownal is watered by Hoo-\\nsack and Walloomsac rivers, which\\nproduce a good water power. The\\nvillage is very pleasant.\\nPoAvow River.\\nPowow river has its principal\\nsource in Great and Country ponds\\nin Kingston, N. H., and passes over\\nthe S. W. part of East Kingston in-\\nto South Hampton thence into\\nAmesbury, Mass., where it turns\\nE. into South Hampton again, and\\nreturns into Amesbury, falling into\\nthe Merrimack between Salisbury\\nand Amesbury. There are several\\nfalls in this river those in Ames-\\nbury being the most remarkable, the\\nwater falling 100 feet in the dis-\\ntance of 50 rods, and presenting,\\nwith the variety of machinery and\\ndams, houses and scenery on the\\nfalls, one of the most interesting\\nviews in the country.\\nPrcscott, Mass.\\nHampshire co. The surface of\\nthis town is rough and hilly. The\\nprincipal manufacture consists of\\npalm-leaf hats, of which about\\n50,000 are annually made. The\\nsoil is better for grazing than tillage.\\nPrescott lies 76 miles \\\\V. from Eos-\\nton, and 16 N. E. from Northamp-\\nton. Taken from Pelham in 1S22.\\nPopulation, 1837, 788.\\nPi estoii, Ct.\\nNew London co. This is an ir-\\nregular, uneven, rocky town, of a\\npretty good soil for corn and grazing.\\nIt is bounded W. and N. by the\\nThames and Quinnebaug rivers 44\\nmiles E. S. E. from Hartford. First\\nsettled, 1686. Population, 1830,\\n29\\n1,935. Poquetannuck, an ancient\\nvillage, lies partly in Preston and\\npartly in Ledyard. It has a water\\npower, and small vessels pass within\\na short distance of it. Many of the\\ninhabitants are employed in naviga-\\ntion, and considerable ship timber\\nis taken from there down the river.\\nPreston City lies in the eastern\\npart of the town, 5 miles E. from\\nPoquetannuck, and 6 E. from Nor-\\nwich. Near this village is Amos\\nlake, a handsome sheet of water,\\nand a place of resort for parties of\\npleasure.\\nPresuiiipscxit River, Me.\\nThis is the outlet of Sebago lake.\\nIt passes through parts of Gorham\\nand Westbrook, and falls into Casco\\nbay at Falmouth, 6 miles N. from\\nPortland.\\nPrinceton, Me.\\nWashington co. Population, in\\n1837, 207. See Down East.\\nPrinceton, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town, the\\nIndian JVachusett, is pleasantly\\nsituated at the base of the moun-\\ntain of that name, 45 miles W. by\\nN. from Boston, and 16 N. by W.\\nfrom Worcester. Incorporated, 1758.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,267. This is a\\ntownship of good land, and produces\\nconsiderable quantities of beef,\\nbutter, cheese, c. It is watered\\nby a branch of the Nashua, and has\\nsome manufactures. V* achusett is\\n2,990 feet in height it is the high-\\nest land in the county, and presents\\na landscape exceedingly variegated\\nand beautiful. It is a place much\\nfrequented in summer months.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of shoes, leather, palm-leaf\\nhats, chairs, and cabinet ware an-\\nnual amount, about ^50,000.\\nProspect, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This is a beautiful\\ntown, of good soil, on the w^est side\\nof Penobscot river. It is bounded", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0355.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\non the S. by Belfast bay 52 miles\\nE. by N. from Augusta, 12 N. N.\\nE. from Belfast, and 18 S. from\\nBangor. Prospect is very flourishing\\nin its commercial and agricultural\\npursuits. Population, 1830, 2,381\\n1837, 3,198. Incorporated, 1794.\\nWheat crop, 1837, 4,416 bushels.\\nProspieet, \u00e2\u0082\u00act.\\nNew Haven co. This stony and\\nmountainous town w^as taken from\\nCheshire and Waterbury,in 1827.\\nTt derived its name from its elevat-\\ned situation. There is a pretty\\nvillage in the town. The inhabit-\\nants are chiefly farmers. It lies\\n17 miles N. by W. from New Ha-\\nven. Population, 1830, 651.\\nSome difficulty arose in the con-\\ngregational society in this town a\\nfew years since, in consequence of\\nthe minister and a number of the\\ninfluential members of the church\\nhaving adopted the sentiments of\\nthe Perfectionists. The stray\\nsheep, however, soon returned to\\nthe fold again. See Religious\\nCreeds and Statistics.\\nProvidence Comity, H. I.\\nProvidence, chief town. This\\nancient and respectable county is\\nboundedN.and E. by Massachusetts,\\nS. by the county of Kent, and W. by\\nConnecticut. It contains an area\\nof 381 square miles. Population,\\n1820, 35,736; 1830,47,018. Pop-\\nulation to a square mile, 124. The\\nsurface of the county is generally\\nuneven some sections of it presents\\nrugged features, but no part of it\\nis mountainous. The soil is vari-\\nous some portions of the county\\nare alluvial, some calcareous loam,\\nand some of sileceous sand but a\\nstrong gravelly loam generally\\nprevails.\\nMore attention is paid to agiicul-\\nture in this county than formerly\\ngood crops of corn, barley and rye\\nare obtained, and all the vai-ieties\\nof the dairy, of fruits and vegeta-\\nbles are abundant for the supply of\\nits numerous villages and the city.\\nThe commercial interests of the\\ncounty are important, but are prin-\\ncipally confined to the flourishing\\ncity of Providence but the manu-\\nfacturing interests, particularly of\\ncotton, are extended throughout the\\ncounty, and engrosses a large share\\nof its entcrprize and capital. Wliile\\nthe Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Mashan-\\nticut, Pochasset, Wonasquatucket,\\nand other streams, give those inter-\\nests a constant operative power, the\\nnumerous beautiful villages erected\\non their borders testify that Provi-\\ndence county is one of the most im-\\nportant manufacturing districts in\\nthe new world.\\nA statistical account of the resour-\\nces of this county, and of all the\\ncounties and towns in Rhode Isl-\\nand, is in preparation, and will ap-\\npear in the Register.\\nProvidence, R. I.\\nChief town. Providence co. Rog-\\ner Williams was the founder of this\\nbeautiful city. He was banished\\nI rom the Massachusetts colony for\\nmaintaining that all denoniinations\\nof christians were equally entitled\\nto the protection of the civil mag-\\nistrate that the church of England\\nwas no true church, and that a\\npatent from the king conveyed no\\ntitle to the soil.\\nIn 1636, Mr. Williams, accompa-\\nnied by William Harris, John\\nSmith, Joshua Virrin, Thomas An-\\ngell, and Francis Wickes, commenc-\\ned a settlement and called it Prov-\\nidence regarding his preservation\\nas a favorable interposition of heav-\\nen. Mr. Williams sustained the\\ntwo-fold character of a minister of\\nthe gospel and governor of the col-\\nony he formed a constitution on\\nthe broad principle of civil and re-\\nligious liberty, and thus established\\nthe first Irec government on the\\ncontinent of America. Mr. Wil-\\nliams was a man of learning, and\\nset a bright example of that tolera-\\ntion which he demanded from oth-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0356.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ners. He was born in Wales, in 1599,\\nand died in 1GS;3.\\nProvidence suffered great losses\\nin king Philip s war, and during\\nthe revolutionary contest it furnish-\\ned its full proportion of troops, and\\npartook largely of the sufferings as\\nwell as of the glory of that struggle.\\nOn the 9th of June, 1772^ the\\nkind s ship Gaspee was taken pos-\\nsession of and burned, and the com-\\nmander, Lieutenant Duddingston,\\nwounded with a musket ball, in the\\nthigh. Only one of the persons en-\\ngaged in taking the Gaspee is now\\nliving Col, Ephraim Bowen, of\\nProvidence.\\nThus it appears, tbat in that con-\\ntest, the first blood was shed at\\nProvidence but the first .America?*.\\nblood and life was sacrificed at\\nLexington, Mass., on the 19th of\\nApril, 1775, and the first British\\nlife, on the same day, a few hours\\nafter, at Concoi-d, Massachusetts.\\nProvidence formerly comprised\\nthe territory of a number of the\\nneighboring towns. Its present\\nlimits contain an area of about nine\\nsquare miles. It was incorporated\\nas a town in 1649, and as a city in\\n1831. Population, in 1820, 11,767;\\n1830, 16,832; 1836, 19,277. The\\nmost compact part of the city is di-\\nvided into two nearly equal parts,\\non both sides of Providence river,\\nand are connected by wide and sub-\\nstantial bridges. The two princi-\\npal streets are long and irregular,\\nand comprise the business portion\\nof the city, with the exception of a\\nlong range of large and handsome\\nbrick ware houses on the east side\\nof the river. The buildings in oth-\\ner parts of the city are constructed\\nwith taste, and many of them in a\\nstyle of superior elegance. On the\\neast side of the river the land rises\\nabruptly. On this elevation are a\\nnumber of streets running parallel\\nwith the river, on the summit of\\nwhich is located Brown University,\\nestablished here in 1770. From\\nthe beautiful buildings on these\\nstreets, delightful views are obtain-\\ned of a great extent of country, of\\nthe city, the shipping in the river,\\nand of Providence and Narraganset\\nbays.\\nThere are in Providence a large\\nnumber of handsome churches, and\\nother public buildings. The Ar-\\ncade is one of the most beautiful\\nbuildings in the country. It is sit-\\nuateu oi\\\\ the we^t side of the river,\\nand fronts on two streets. It is\\nbuilt of stone, 222 feet in length,\\nand 72 feet in width. The fronts\\nare ornamented, each with six mas-\\nsive columns, 25 feet high, the\\nshafts of which are single blocks,\\n22 feet in length. The lower part\\nof this building is improved for dry\\ngoods shops, .C. the upper stories\\nfor offices, library rooms, ,c. It\\nwas completed in 1828, and cost\\n$130,000. The architecture of this\\nbuilding is exceedingly chaste.\\nProvidence has long been cele-\\nbrated for the commercial spirit of\\nits citizens, and for their large in-\\nvestments of capital in foreign com-\\nmerce, particularly with India. It\\nis still a flourishing mart of foreign\\ntrade the tonnage of the port, in\\n1837, was 17,526 tons. Much of\\nthe capital of the city has, howev-\\ner, of late years, been diverted to\\nthe pursuit of domestic manufac-\\ntures a pursuit probable of greater\\nprofit, and no less patriotic.\\nBesides the large capital employ-\\ned by the citizens of Providence in\\nmanufacturing establishments with-\\nout the city,the capital thus employ-\\ned within it is very great. Those\\nmanufactures consistof cotton goods,\\n(by steam power,) machinery,\\nsteam engines, vessels, jewelry,\\ncopper, brass, iron and tin wares,\\nglass, combs, oil, soap, candles, hats,\\nleather, boots, shoes, and numerous\\nother articles. About 4,000 of the\\npeople of Providence are engaged\\nin these manufactures.\\nThe public schools in Providence\\nare well sustained. The sum of\\nabout $10,000 is annually appropri-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0357.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER,\\nated ^o this object. The number\\nof scholars, in 1837, was 1626. A\\nhigh school has recently been es-\\ntablished, and ^40,000 appropriated\\nfor the erection of new school hous-\\nes. The athenaeum library con-\\ntains 7,000 volumes. It was incor-\\nporated in 1836. See Register.\\nProvidence is approached with\\ngreat ease from almost every direc-\\ntion. The roads are generally ex-\\ncellent that to Pawtucket is une-\\nqualled by any in New England.\\nThe Blackstone canal, after wind-\\ning its course through a fertile and\\nmanufacturing country, from Wor-\\ncester, Mass., terminates at tide wa-\\nter in the centre of the city. Steam\\nboats, of superior construction and\\nelegant accommodations, ply be-\\ntween this city and New York,\\ndaily. Rail road cars between Bos-\\nton and Stonington cross the lower\\npart of the city several times a day,\\nand steam boats and packets are con-\\ntinually passing to and from the\\nseveral important towns on the\\nshores of Narraganset and Mount\\nHope bays.\\nProvidence has frequently sus-\\ntained heavy losses by fire, and\\nonce by water. In 1815, during\\nthe memorable gale of September\\n23d, the tide rose 12 feet higher\\nthan the common high tides, and\\nspread ruin to the buildings, navi-\\ngation, wharves and bridges in eve-\\nry direction. The loss sustained\\nby this flood was estimated at a\\nmillion and a half of dollars.\\nProvidence lies at the head of\\nship navigation on Providence riv-\\ner, the most northern waters of\\nNarraganset bay 35 miles from\\nthe sea, 40 S. W. from Boston, 169\\nN. E. by E. from New York, and\\n396 N. E. from Washington. N.\\nlat. 41\u00c2\u00b0 49/ 32 W. Ion. 71\u00c2\u00b0 24 45\\nProviiicetowii, Mass*\\nBarnstable co. A noted fishing\\ntown on the extreme point of Cape\\nCod including Race point, which\\nlies 3 miles N. W. from Province-\\ntown village. It comprises Cape\\nCod, or Provincetown harbor,\\nwhich opens on the S. This ocean\\nharbor is very large, exceedingly\\neasy of access, and has sutficient\\ndepth of water for the largest ships\\nof war. This is the first harbor the\\nMayflower touched at on her\\npassage to Plymouth in 1620.\\nAn elaborate and highly interest-\\ning report of a survey of this har-\\nbor and the extremity of Cape Cod,\\nby Major J. D. Graham, has recent-\\nly been printed by order of con-\\ngress.\\nThe report is accompanied by a\\nseries of tables, showing the result\\nof a long course of observations on\\nthe tide, which are not only curi-\\nous, but may be useful to those who\\nare in a situation for pursuing their\\nspeculations on this subject, by\\ncomparing them with the results of\\nsimilar observations in other places.\\nThe fullness and precision of these\\ntables indicate the care and labor\\nwith which the work has been\\nprosecuted. The result is of a na-\\nture to show the great importance\\nof this position, both as a naval and\\ncommercial station.\\nThe value of Cape Cod harbor to\\nour naval and mercantile marine in\\ntime of war is inappreciable. In\\npossession of an enemy, it would af-\\nford facilities for annoying our\\ncommerce, without exposure to the\\ngales that so often sweep along the\\ncoast. Fortified, and in the occu-\\npancy of a portion of our navy, it\\noffers a secure retreat, accessible at\\nall seasons, and sheltered from eve-\\nry storm.\\nThe soil of this town, in common\\nwith many others on Cape Cod, is\\nvery sandy; indeed, it may be said\\nto possess no soil, for its vegetable\\nqualities are very deficient.\\nDuring the year ending April 1st,\\n1837, there were belonging to\\nProvincetown, 2 vessels employed\\nin the whale, and 98 in the cod and\\nmackerel fishery, besides a large\\nnumber in the freighting business.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0358.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\nThe value of fish and oil taken was\\n$298,407. Hands employed, 1,113,\\nDuring- that year 48,960 bushels of\\nsalt were made, employing 156\\nhands, the value of which was\\n$18,360. Provincetown lies 50\\nmiles N. E. from Barnstable, by\\nland, and 50 E. S. E. from Boston,\\nby water. Incorporated, 1727. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,710; 1837, 2,049.\\nPiitixey, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town is fine-\\nly located on the west side of Con-\\nnecticut river,and embosoms a large\\ntract of excellent intervale land,\\ncalled the Great Meadows. There\\nis also a good tract of intervale on\\nSacket s brook, a fine mill stream,\\nwith beautiful falls, on which are\\nerected valuable mills for the manu-\\nfacture of woolen goods, paper, and\\nvarious other articles. Sacket s\\nbrook is a large and constant stream:\\nit falls 150 feet in the course of 100\\nrods. Some of the mill sites are\\nunoccupied. There are various\\nmineral substances in the town,\\nworthy of the notice of the geolo-\\ngist. The village is pleasant, and\\nbears the marks of taste and pros-\\nperity. It lies 9 miles E. from\\nNewfane, and 9 N. from Brattle-\\nborough. First settled, 1754. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,510.\\nPiisliaAV Lake, Me.\\nThis lake lies in the towns of\\nOrono, Button and Kirkland, Pe-\\nnobscot county. It is about 8 miles\\nlong, and one mile wide. It emp-\\nties into Dead stream, which meets\\nthe Penobscot at Orono.\\nQriieecliy River, Vt.,\\nSometimes called Waterqueechy,\\nrises in Sherburne, runs nearly east\\nto the south part of Bridgewater\\nthence through Woodstock irto the\\nsouth part of Hartford, and thence\\nsoutheast through the northeast cor-\\nner of Hartland into Connecticut\\nriver, about two miles above Quee-\\nchy falls. In Bridgewater it re-\\n29*\\nceives two considerable branches,\\nnamely, north branch, which rises\\nin the north part of this township\\nfrom the north, and south branch,\\nwhich rises in Plymouth, from the\\nsouth, both considerable mill\\nstreams. In Woodstock it receives\\ntwo other branches of considerable\\nsize one rising in the northeast\\ncorner of Bridgewater and southeast\\ncorner of Barnard, falls into Quee-\\nchy river from the north just below\\nthe north village in Woodstock, or\\nWoodstock Green, the other\\nrising in the soutii part of Wood-\\nstock, passes through both the vil-\\nlages in that town, and empties into\\nit fiom the south just above the\\nmouth of the last mentioned stream.\\nBoth these streams afford excellent\\nmill seats. Queechy river in its\\ncourse receives numerous other\\ntributaries of less note. It is a\\nclear and lively stream, with a grav-\\nel or stony bottom. This stream is\\nabout 35 miles in length, and wa-\\nters about 212 square miles,\\nQiiincy, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. The territory of\\nQi.incy was a part of ancient Brain-\\ntree, until 1792. It lies on Brain-\\ntree or Quincy bay, in Boston har-\\nbor, and is bounded on the N. W.\\nby Neponset river and the towa\\nof Milton. It is 8 miles S. by E. from\\nBoston, and 10 E. by S. from Ded-\\nham. Population, 1820, 1,623; 1830,\\n2,192; 1837, 3,049.\\nThe surface of the town is diver-\\nsified by hills, valleys and plains.\\nBack from the bay about 3 miles is\\na range of elevated land, in some\\nparts more than 600 feet above the\\nsea, containing an inexhaustible\\nsupply of granite. This is the\\nsource of the Quincy Granite, a\\nbuilding material justly celebrated\\nin all our cities for its durability\\nand beauty. Vast quantities of\\nthis admirable stone are annually-\\nquarried and wrought in this vicin-\\nity by the most skillful workmen,\\ninto all dimensions, both plain and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0359.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nornamental and it is fortunate for\\nthe public that the supply is abun-\\ndant, for the demand for it from va-\\nrious parts of the United States is\\nconstant and increasing.\\nBy means of a rail-road from these\\nquarries to the tide waters of Ne-\\nponset river, and of a canal to the\\ncentre of the tov/n, this stone is\\ntransported with great expedition\\nand little cost. There are large\\nquantities of slate stone near Ne-\\nponset river much of which is\\nquarried. These slate quarries bear\\nindications of coal in their vicinity.\\nIn this town, between Quincy\\nand Dorchester bays, is a point of\\nland called Squantum, celebrated\\nas having been the residence of the\\nfamous Indian Sachem, C7i cA;a^aif-\\nbut. This place is the Mos- wctu-\\nset, a few miles south of Boston,\\nsupposed by some to have origin-\\nated the name of the state. Squan-\\ntum is a rocky, romantic place, six\\nmiles south of Boston, and a pleas-\\nant resort for fishing and bathing.\\nThe soil of Quincy is generally\\nof an excellent quality and under\\ngood cultivation. There are large\\ntracts of salt meadow in the town,\\nand many large and beautiful farms,\\nwhich, in respect to soil and skillful\\nmanagement, may vie with any in\\nthe state.\\nThe .Mount TVallaston farm is\\nnoted as the site of an early settle-\\nment (1623,) and as the Merry\\nMount of Thomas Morton and his\\nassociates. This farm, with that of his\\nvenerated father, now belong to the\\nHon. Mr. Adams, representative to\\nCongress. The ancestral estate of\\nthe Quincy family comprises one\\nof the most beautiful and well cul-\\ntivated farms in New England.\\nIt is the property of Josiah Quin-\\ncy, LL. D., an eminent agricul-\\nturist, and president of Harvard\\nUniversity.\\nThe village, in the centre of the\\ntown, is situated on an elevated\\nplain, and is remarkable for its neat-\\nness and beauty. In this village is\\na stone church, designated the Ad-\\nams Temple. This building was\\ndedicated, 1S28, and cost $40,000.\\nWithin its walls is a beautiful mar-\\nble monument to the memory of the\\nHon. John Adams and his wife.\\nAbout two miles east from the\\nvillage is Quinci/ Point, at the\\njunction of Town and Weymouth\\nFore rivers. This is a delightful\\nspot, and contains some handsome\\nbuildings. This point of land, with\\na peninsula near it called Gcrman-\\ntoum, are admirably located for\\nship building, and for all the pur-\\nposes of navigation and the fishery.\\nHere is a line harbor, a bold shore\\nand a beautiful country, v/ithin 10\\nmiles of the capital of New Eng-\\nland.\\nThe manufactures of Quincy con-\\nsist of stone, slate, vessels, salt,\\nleather, boots, shoes, hats, coach\\nlace, carriages, harnesses, bleached\\nbees wax, .c. Total value, the\\nyear ending April 1, lS37\u00e2\u0080\u009ef 470,222.\\nDuring that period there were 10\\nvessels engaged in the cod and\\nmackerel iisliery the product of\\nwhich was ^31,042. Quincy is a\\nplace of considerable trade. Large\\nquantities of lumber, bread stuffs,\\nc., are annually sold.\\nThe proximity of Quincy to Bos-\\nton, the excellent roads and bridg-\\nes connecting it with the city and\\nsurrounding countr}^ the beauty of\\nthe town, with the delightful scen-\\nery around it, render it a desirable\\nresidence in summer, and a pleas-\\nant home.\\nQuincy was named in honor of\\nCol. JoHiv QuiJYCY, a native of\\nthe place, who for forty successive\\nyears was a member of the execu-\\ntive council of the colony, and dis-\\ncharged many other public trusts\\nwith zeal and fidelity. He died Ju-\\nly 13, 1767, aged 78.\\nThis has been the birth place\\nand residence of some of the most\\ndistinguished sons of America.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0360.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe names of the patriots, John\\nHancock and Josiah Quincy,\\nJr., will live until the death of lib-\\nerty.\\nTwo presidents of the United\\nStates, father and son, were natives\\nof this place, John Adams, born\\nOctober 19, 1735. John Quincy\\nAdams, born July 11, 1767. The\\nsenior Mr. Adams graduated at\\nHarvard University in 1755, and\\nwas distinguished for his diligence\\nand genius. He studied law at\\nWorcester, and was admitted to\\npractice in 1758. He commenced\\nthe labors of his profession in Brain-\\ntree, his native town, and soon ob-\\ntained business and reputation. In\\n1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Ab-\\nigail Smith, a grand daugliter of\\nCol. Quincy, a lady as distinguish-\\ned for her accomplishments and\\nvirtues as for the elevated station\\nin society which Providence had\\ndestined her to fill. Mrs. Adams\\ndied at Quincy, Dec. 28, 1818, aged\\n74. In 1765, Mr. Adams removed\\nto Boston here he obtained an ex-\\ntensive legal practice, and, refusing\\nall offers of patronage from the\\nBritish government, espoused the\\ncause of his native country with an\\nardor peculiar to himself, firmly re-\\nsolved to sink or swim with its lib-\\nerties. He was elected a member\\nof Congress, and was among the\\nforemost in recomm.ending the\\nadoption of an independent govern-\\nment. In 1777 Mr. Adams was cho-\\nsen commissioner to the Court of\\nVersailles. In 1779 he was appoint-\\ned minister plenipotentiary to nego-\\ntiate a peace and a commercial trea-\\nty with Great Britain. In 1780 he\\nwent embassador to Holland, and in\\n1782 to Paris, to negotiate a treaty\\nof peace with Great Britain, having\\nreceived the assurance that that\\npower would recognize the indepen-\\ndence of the United States. In\\n1785 Mr. Adams was appointed the\\nfirst minister to the court of St.\\nJames. After remaining in Europe\\nnine years, he returned to his\\nnative country, and in 1789 was\\nelected first Vice President of the\\nUnited States, which office he held\\nduring the whole of Washington s\\nadministration. On the resignation\\nof Washington, in 1797, Mr. Adams\\nbecame President of the United\\nStates, which office he sustained\\nuntil the election of Mr. Jefferson,\\nin 1801. Soon after this, Mr. Adams\\nretired to his farm at Quincy, and\\nspent the remainder of an eventful\\nlife in rural occupations, the pleas-\\nures of domestic retirement, and\\nthose enjoyments which a great and\\ngood mind always has in store.\\nThe account that Mr. Adams\\ngives in a letter to a friend, of his\\nintroduction to George III., at the\\ncourt of St. James, as the first min-\\nister from the rebel colonies, is very\\ninteresting. The scene would form\\na noble picture, highly honorable\\nboth to his majesty and the repub-\\nlican minister.\\nHere stood the stern monarch,\\nwho had expended more than six\\nhundred millions of dollars, and the\\nlives of two hundred thousand of\\nhis subjects in a vain attempt to\\nsubjugate freemen and by his side\\nstood the man, who, in the language\\nof Jefferson, was the great pillar\\nof support to the declaration of in-\\ndependence, and its ablest advo-\\ncate and champion on the lioor of\\nCongress.\\nMr. Adams says, At one o clock\\non Wednesday, the first of June,\\n1785, the master of ceremonies call-\\ned at my house, and went with me\\nto the secretary of state s office, in\\nCleaveland row, where the marquis\\nof Carmarthen received and intro-\\nduced me to Mr. Frazier, his un-\\nder secretary, who had been, as his\\nlordship said, uninterruptedly in\\nthat office through all the changes\\nin administration for thirty years.\\nAfter a short conversation. Lord\\nCarmarthen invited me to go with\\nhim in his coach to court. When\\nwe arrived in the antechamber the\\nmaster of the ceremonies introduc-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0361.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ned him and attended me while the\\nsecretary of state went to take the\\ncommands of the king. While I\\nstood in this place, where it seems\\nall ministers stand upon such occa-\\nsions, always attended by the mas-\\nter of ceremonies, the room was\\nvery full of ministers of state, bish-\\nops and all other sorts of courtiers,\\nas well as the next room, which is\\nthe king s bed chamber. You may\\nwell suppose I was the focus of all\\neyes. I was relieved, however,\\nfrom the embarrassment of it, by\\nthe Swedish and Dutch ministers,\\nwho came to me and entertained\\nme with a very agreeble conver-\\nsation during the whole time. Some\\nother gentlemen whom I had seen\\nbefore, came to make their com-\\npliments to me until the marquis\\nof Carmarthen returned, and desired\\nme to go with him to his majesty.\\nI went with his lordship through\\nthe levee room into the king s\\ncloset. The door was shut, and I\\nwas left with his majesty and the\\nsecretary of state alone. I made\\nthe three reverences one at the\\ndoor, another about half way, and\\nanother before the presence, accord-\\ning to the usage established at this\\nand all the northern courts of Eu-\\nrope, and then I addressed myself\\nto his majesty in the following\\nwords\\nSire The United States have ap-\\npointed me minister plenipotentiary\\nto your majesty, and have directed\\nme to deliver to your majesty this\\nletter, which contains the evidence\\nof it. It is in obedienc to their ex-\\npress commands, that I have the\\nhonor to assure your majesty of\\ntheir unanimous disposition and de-\\nsire to cultivate the most friendly\\nand liberal intercourse between your\\nmajesty s subjects and their citi-\\nzens, and of their best wishes for\\nyour majesty s health and happi-\\nness, and for that of your family.\\nThe appointment of a minister\\nfrom the United States to your ma-\\njesty s court will form an epoch in\\nthe history of England and Ameri-\\nca. I think myself more fortunate\\nthan all my fellow citizens, in hav-\\ning the distinguished honor to be\\nthe first to stand in j our majesty s\\nroyal presence in a diplomatic char-\\nacter and I shall esteem myself\\nthe happiest of men if I can be in-\\nstrumental in recommending my\\ncountry more and more to your ma-\\njesty s royal benevolence, and of\\nrestoring an entire esteem, confi-\\ndence and affection or, in better\\nwords, the old good nature and the\\ngood old humor, between people\\nwho, though separated by an ocean,\\nand under different governments,\\nhave the same language, a similar\\nreligion, a kindred blood. I beg\\nyour majesty s permission to add,\\nthat although I have sometimes be-\\nfore been instructed by my country,\\nit was never in my whole life in a\\nmanner so agreeable to myself.\\nThe king listened to every word\\nI said, with dignity, it is true, but\\nwith apparent emotion. Whether\\nit was my visible agitation, for I felt\\nmore than I could express, that\\ntouched him, I cannot say but he\\nwas much affected, and answered\\nme with more tremor than I had\\nspoken with, and said\\nSir: The circumstances of this\\naudience are so extraordinarj^, the\\nlanguage you have now held is so\\nextremely proper, and the feelings\\nyou have discovered sojustly adapt-\\ned to the occasion that 1 not only\\nreceive with pleasure the assurance\\nof the friendly disposition of the\\nUnited States, but that I am glad\\nthe choice has fallen upon you to\\nbe their minister. I wish you, sir,\\nto believe and that it may be under-\\nstood in America, that I have done\\nnothing in the late contest but what\\nI thought myself indespensibly\\nbound to do, by the duty which I\\nowed my people. I will be frank\\nwith you. I was the last to conform\\nto the separation but the separa-\\ntion having become inevitable, I\\nhave always said, as I now say, that", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0362.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nI would be the first to meet the\\nfriendship of the United States as\\nan independent power. The mo-\\nment I see such sentiments and\\nlanguage as yours prevail, and a\\ndisposition to give this country the\\npreference, that moment I shall say\\nlet the circumstances of language,\\nreligion, and blood have their nat-\\nural full effect.\\nI dare not say that these were\\nthe king s precise words and it is\\neven possible that I may have, in\\nsome particulars, mistaken his\\nmeaning for although his pronun-\\nciation is as distinct as I ever heard,\\nhe hesitated sometimes between\\nmembers of the same period. He\\nwas, indeed, much affected, and I\\nwas not less so, and therefore I can-\\nnot be certain that I was so atten-\\ntive, heard so clearly, and under-\\nstood so perfectly, as to be confident\\nof all his words, or sense. This I\\ndo say, that the foregoing is his ma-\\njesty s meaning, as I then under-\\nstood it, and his own words, as near-\\nly as I can recollect them.\\nThe king then asked me whether\\nI came last from France and upon\\nmy answering in the afhrmative, he\\nput on an air of familiarity, and,\\nsmiling, or rather laughing, said,\\nThere is an opinion among some\\npeople that you are not the most at-\\ntached of all your countrymen to\\nthe manners of France. I was\\nsurprised at this, because I thought\\nit an indiscretion, and a descent\\nfrom his dignity. I was a little em-\\nbarrassed; but determined not to\\ndeny truth on the one hand, nor\\nlead him to infer from it any attach-\\nment to England, on the other, I\\nthrew off as much gravity as I\\ncould, and assumed an air of gaiety,\\nand a tone of decision, as far as was\\ndecent, and said, That opinion,\\nsir, is not mistaken I must avow to\\nyour majesty, I have no attachment\\nbut to my own country. The king\\nreplied as quick as lightning, An\\nhonest man will ne^ er have any\\nother.\\nThe king then said a word or two\\nto the secretary of state, which be-\\ning between them I did not hear,\\nand then turned round and bowed\\nto me, as is customary with all kings\\nand princes when they give the sig-\\nnal to retire. I retreated, stepping\\nbackwards, as is the etiquette and\\nmaking my last reverence at the\\ndoor of the chamber, I went to my\\ncarriage.\\nMr. Adams died on the 4th of Ju-\\nly, 1826, with the same words on\\nhis lips which fifty years before,\\non that day, he had uttered on the\\nf!oor of Congress, Independence\\nforever.\\nQ,iiiiieljaus River.\\nThis beautiful stream rises ia\\nMashapaugpoad, in Union, Ct. It\\npasses N. to Brimtield, Mass., then\\na S. E. course to Thompson, Ct.,\\nwhere it receives French river from\\nthe north. It then traverses a S.\\ndirection about 30 miles, affording\\nfertility and a great hydraulic pow-\\ner in its course, when it joins the\\nShetucket, near the city of Nor-\\nwich, and takes the name of that\\nriver to the Yantic. These three\\nstreams form the Thames.\\ntimiiiepiaclc River, Ct.\\nThis river rises in Bristol and\\nFarmington, and passes through\\nSouthington, Cheshire, Meri-den,\\nWallingford, and falls into Long\\nIsland Sound at New Haven. This\\nis a pleasant mountain stream, of\\nconsiderable power, and about 30\\nmiles in length.\\nQ,\\\\iodcly Head, Me.,\\nOr West Quoddy Head, the west-\\nern entrance into Passamaquoddy\\nbay. It is in N. lat. 44\u00c2\u00b0 55 W.\\nIon. 66\u00c2\u00b0 49 It has a light house\\n45 feet in height. See Luhec and\\nEastport.\\nRace Point, Mass.\\nThe N. W. extremity of Cape", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0363.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER;\\nCod. N. lat. 42=* 6 W. Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 1\\nSee Provincetown.\\nHagged Moiiiitaiiis, N. II.,\\nSo called from their rough ap-\\npearance, lie between Andover and\\nHill, extending in a chain about 10\\nmiles from the Pemigewasset to the\\nvicinity of Kearsarge. It is a bleak\\nand precipitous range, and is nearly\\n2,000 feet high, in its northern\\npoints.\\n,Itail Roads iu Nctiv ISiiglaud.\\nSee Register.\\nRandolpli, N. H.\\nCoos CO. Until 1824 this town\\nwas called Duri nd. It is situated\\ndirectly under the north end of the\\nWhite mountains, its southeast cor-\\nner bounding on the base of Mount\\nMadison, the east peak of the range.\\nBranches of Israel s and Moose\\nrivers pass through it. The soil is\\nin some parts good, but the town in-\\ncreases slowly in its settlements.\\nIt was granted August 20, 1772, to\\nJohn Durand and others, of Lon-\\ndon. Joseph Wilder and Stephen\\nJillson were the first settlers. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 78.\\nRaudolpIi; Vt.\\nOrange co. This is an elevated\\ntownship of good soil, particularly\\nfor grazing. It is generally well\\nimproved, and produces good but-\\nter, cheese and mutton. Between\\ntwelve and thirteen thousand sheep\\ngraze in its pastures.\\nIt is well watered by branches of\\nWhite river, on which are two\\nwoolen mills and other manufac-\\ntures. There are a number of flour-\\nishing business locations in the\\ntown: the centre village is very\\npleasant, and contains an academy\\nof excellent reputation. This town\\nwas first settled about the year 1778.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,743.\\nRandolph lies 23 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, 9 S. W. from Chel-\\nsea, and 34 N. N. W. from Wind\\nsor.\\nRandolx Ii, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Randolph constitut-\\ned a part of ancient Braintree until\\n1793, when it was incorporated. It\\nlies 14 miles S. from Boston, 12 S.\\nE. from Dedham, and 7 S. S. W\\nfrom Braintree landing. Popula-\\ntion, 1820, 1,546; 1830, 2,200;\\n1837, 3,041. Manatiquot river vibes\\nxn the town, which, with other\\nsmall streams, afford it a water pow-\\ner. Punkapog pond lies in this\\ntown and Canton. The land is ele-\\nvated between the waters of Mas-\\nsachusetts bay and Taunton river\\nthe surface is generally undulating\\nand the soil strong and productive.\\nThere are two very pleasant and\\nflourishing villages in the town.\\nEast and West, surrounded by\\nfertile and well cultivated fields.\\nRandolph has long been noted for\\nthe industry of its people, in the\\nmanufacture of boots and shoes.\\nDuring the year ending April 1st,\\n1837, there were made in the town\\n200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620\\npairs of shoes, valued at $944,715,\\nemploying 1,475 hands. There are\\nmanufactures of leather, c. in the\\ntown, but that of boots and shoes is\\nthe principal.\\nRangely, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town lies on\\nthe Androscoggin river, and at the\\noutlet of Oquossack lake. It is\\nabout 40 miles N. W. from Farm-\\nington. See Down East.\\nRaymond J Me.\\nCumberland co. Raymond is\\nwatered by Crooked river, and sev-\\neral ponds. This is a good farming\\ntown, with two villages, and some\\ntrade. The inhabitants are princi-\\npally devoted to agricultural pur-\\nsuits. In 1837 the population was\\n1,802 wheat crop 3,203 bushels.\\nIncorporated, 1803. It lies 75", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0364.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nxniles S. W. from Augusta and 22\\nN. N. W. from Portland.\\nRaymond, IV. H.\\nRockinsham co. This town lies\\n25 miles W. by S. from Portsmouth,\\n25 S. E. from Concord, 13 W. by\\nN. from Exeter. Two branches\\nof the Lamprey river, from Deer-\\nfield and Candia, unite in Ray-\\nmond and the waters of two ponds\\nalso fall into this river as it passes\\nthrough the town. The Patuckaway,\\nfrom Nottingham, crosses the N. E.\\ncorner into Epping, The soil is\\nvarious: that of the meadows bord-\\nering on the river is productive. In\\nthe N. part of the town, about 100\\nrods from the principal road leading\\nto Deertield, near the summit of a\\nhill about 100 feet high, is a natu-\\nral excavation in a ledge, called\\nthe Oven, from the appearance of\\nits mouth. It is a regular arch\\nabout 5 feet high and of the same\\nwidth, extending into the hill\\nabout 15 feet, and terminating in a\\nnumber of fissures. Raymond was\\noriginally that part of Chester call-\\ned c/mrm/no- -/are. It was incor-\\nporated in 1765, by its present\\nname. The names of 24 inhabi-\\ntants of Raymond are found enroll-\\ned among the soldiers of the revo-\\nlution, beside numbers of the mili-\\ntia engaged for short periods. Four\\nwere \\\\-illed or died in service.\\nHon. JoHrf Dudley, a distinguish-\\ned patriot of the revolution, mem-\\nber of the committee of safety,\\nspeaker of the house, and judge\\nof the superior court, died here May\\n21, 1305, aged 80. Population, in\\n1330, 1,000.\\nRaynliaTn, JIass.\\nBristol CO. This town lies on\\nTaunton river, and was taken from\\nTaunton in 1731. Population, 1837,\\n1,379. It is 30 miles S. from Bos-\\nton, 3 N. E. from Taunton, and 24\\nE. from Providence.\\nThere are a number of large\\nponds in this town producing a good\\nwater power, and to which vast\\nquantities of herring (alewives)\\nresort. On the banks of one of\\nthese ponds, the celebrated King\\nPhilip had a hunting house. The\\ntirst forge in America was erected\\nin this town, by James and Henry\\nLeonard, in 1652. The house of\\nthe Leonards, an old Gothic build-\\ning, is now standing, and owned by\\nthe 7th generation.\\nThe ?nanufactures of Raynhara\\nconsist of bar iron, nails, iron cast-\\nings, anchors, shovels, forks, cof-\\nfee mills, and straw bonnets total\\nvalue the year ending April 1, 1S37,\\n$360,650 of which $300,000 was\\nfor nails.\\nReadfieltl, Me.\\nKennebec co. This is an excel-\\nlent township of land, and finely\\nwatered by ponds and small streams.\\nThe people are generally industri-\\nous farmers, who find the cultiva-\\ntion of the eaith the best source of\\nindependence. Readfield is a very\\npleasant town, and its vicinity to\\nthe Kennebec gives it many advan-\\ntages. It lies 11 miles W. from\\nAugusta. Population, 1337, 2,019.\\nWheat crop, same year, 6,391 bush-\\nels.\\nReading, Vt.\\nWindsor co. First settled, 1772.\\nThis is an elevated township, uneven\\nand mountainous. Several small\\nstreams rise here and pass to the\\nQueechy and Black rivers. This\\ntown affords excellent pasturage,\\nin which about 6,000 sheep are\\nkept. Reading lies 53 miles S.\\nfrom IMontpelier, and 10 W. from\\nVvindsor. Population, 1830, 1,109.\\nReading, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Reading is an\\nancient town, 13 miles N. from\\nBoston, 10 W. from Salem, and 17\\nN. E. from Concord.\\nThe surface of the town is une-\\nven, but the soil is generally of a\\ngood quality. The village is pleas-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0365.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nant and flourishing. During the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, the val-\\nue of $184,583 of boots and shoes\\nwere made in Reading, and $91,360\\nof chairs and cabinet ware. First\\nsettled, 1640. Population, 1837,\\n2,144.\\nHeading, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1767, and derived its\\nname from Col. John Read, one of\\nits first settlers. The soil of the\\ntown is good, but the surface is\\nrough and hilly. The business of\\nthe people is chiefly agricultural,\\nwho live scattered about on their\\nfarms. Considerable attention is\\npaid in Reading to the growing of\\nwool. It lies 15 miles N. W. from\\nBridgeport, 60 S. W. from Hart-\\nford, and 9 S. from Danbury. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,686. It is watered\\nhy Saugatuck and Norwalk rivers.\\nJoel Barloav, LL. D., was\\nborn in this town, 1755. He died\\nin Poland, 1S12.\\nAmerica has produced few men,\\nmore justly deserving of immortal-\\nity than Barlow and none, it is be-\\nlieved, who have made their title\\nto it more sure. He lived in an\\neventful period, and acted a con-\\nspicuous part in both hemispheres\\nand as a poet, a man of science, a\\npolitician, a philosopher and a phi-\\nlanthropist, his name will long be\\nrevered by the friends of civil liber-\\nty, and of science, throughout the\\ncivilized world.\\nRed Hill, K. H.\\nSee Moult onho rough.\\nReadsboroiiglij Vt.\\nBennington co. A mountainous\\ntownship, at the S. E. corner of the\\ncounty, watered by Deerfield river,\\n12 miles S. E. from Bennington,\\nand 18 W. by S. from Brattle bo-\\nrough. Much of the land in the\\ntown is too elevated to admit of cul-\\ntivation. Population, 1830, 662.\\nReliofeotSi, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This town was first\\nsettled in 1643, by the Rev. Samu-\\nel Newman and others from Wey-\\nmouth. Rehoboth formerly com-\\nprised the towns of Seekonk and\\nPawtucket. This ancient town suf-\\nfered greatly by Indian depreda-\\ntions. The surface of the town is\\npleasant, and the soil generally\\ngood for tillage. Its manufactures\\nconsist of cotton goods, leather,\\nshoes, cutlery, ploughs, straw bon-\\nnets, carpenters and joiners tools,\\nwagons, ox yokes, bobbins, cotton\\nbatting, wooden ware, c. annual\\nvalue, about $60,000. Rehoboth\\nis watered by Palmer s river. It\\nlies 40 miles S. by W. from Boston,\\n10 S. ^Y. from Taunton, and 7 E.\\nfrom Providence, R. I. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 2,202. Its Indian nam\u00c2\u00ab\\nwas Saconet.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0366.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nRHODE ISLAND.\\nThe State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was settled by\\nRoger Williams in 163G, a man remarkable for his benevolence, justice,\\nand pacific policy. It derived its name from that of a beautiful island at\\nthe mouth of Narraganset bay. Its government commenced under the\\ncharter of Charles II., in 1663, which charter is the present Constitution\\nof the State. It became a member of the Union May 23th, 1790.\\nThe Legislative power is vested in a Senate and Kouse of Represen-\\ntatives. The number of Senators cannot be more nor less than 10, 2\\nfrom each county, and are chosen annually by the people on tiie 3d Wed-\\nnesday in April. The Representatives are in number 72. No town has\\nless than 2, and but 4 towns have more than 2, viz. Newport 6, Prov-\\nidence 4, Portsmouth 4, and V. arv/ick 4: the number for each town hav-\\ning been determined by lav/ without reference to the present ratio of\\npopulation. They are elected semi-annually by the people, on the 8d\\nWednesday of April, and last Tuesday of August.\\nThe Legislature meet at Newport on the 1st Wednesday of May, and\\nat Providence and South Kingston, alternately, on the last Monday of\\nOctober annually.\\nThe executive power is vested in a Governor and Lieut. Governor,\\nelected annually by the people on the 3d Wednesday of April. Their\\nofficial term commences on the 1st Wednesday in May\\n30", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0367.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSuccession of Governors.\\nNicholas Cooke, 1776\u00e2\u0080\u00941778. William Greene, 1778\u00e2\u0080\u00941786. John\\nCollins, 1786\u00e2\u0080\u00941789. Arthur Fenner, 1789\u00e2\u0080\u00941805. Henry Smith,\\n(Act. Gov.) 1805. Isaac Wilborn, (Lieut. Gov.) 1806. James Fenner,\\n1807-1811. William Jones, 1811\u00e2\u0080\u00941817. Nehemiah R. Knight,\\n1817\u00e2\u0080\u00941821. William C. Gibbs, 1821\u00e2\u0080\u00941824. James Fenner, 1824\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n1831. Lemuel H. Arnold, 1831 1833. John Brown Francis,\\n1833\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe judicial power is vested in the Supreme Judicial Court and Court\\nof Common Pleas.\\nThe Judges of all the Courts, Sheriffs, Notaries, Justices of the Peace,\\nand Clerks of the Courts are chosen annually by the Legislature in\\nGrand Committee. In all the towns (except Providence) the town coun-\\ncils are, ex officio. Courts of Probate, and the town Clerks, Registers of\\nDeeds and Probate. The Municipal Court in the city of Providence ex-\\nercise probate jurigdiction, and the Clerk is Register of Probate. The\\ncity Clerk is Register of I eeds.\\nThis state annually appropriates $10,000, to be divided among the\\ntowns for the support of free schools.\\nRhode Island comprises five counties Providence, Newport, Bristol,\\nKent and Washington. It is bounded N. and E. by (he state of Massa-\\nchusetts, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and Y^. by the state of Connecticut.\\nIt lies between 41\u00c2\u00b0 and 42\u00c2\u00b0 N. lat., and between 71\u00c2\u00b0 and 72\u00c2\u00b0 W. long.\\nand comprises an area of 1350 square miles. Population, 1755, 40,414 j\\n1774, 59,678; 1790, 68,825; ISOO, 69,122; 1810,75,188; 1820,83,059;\\n1830,97,196. Population to square a mile, 71.\\nThe natural features of this state are somewhat peculiar. About a\\ntenth part of it is water, and of the residue of land a considerable portion\\nis island territory. The interior of the state, with the exception of the in-\\ntervales along the streams, is generally rough and hilly.\\nThe most considerable eminences are Mount Hope, in Bristol, Hop-\\nkins Hill, in West Greenwich, and Woonsocket Hill, in Smithfield.\\nThere are also some hills of considerable elevation in Exeter. Rhode\\nIsland, and most of the other islands in Narraganset bay, disclose a\\ngeological structure, of the transition character, and present a surface\\ngenerally undulating, and often highly picturesque and beautiful.\\nThe mineral treasures of the State have not been explored but so far\\nas they are known, they are not extensive or valuable. Iron ore is\\nthe most important mineral. Mineral coal is found upon Rhode Island.\\nLimestone abounds in the northeastern section of the state and in these\\ncalcareous strata there are some excellent quarries of marble. Serpen-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0368.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntine marble is also found, and there are in various places extensive quar-\\nries of freestone.\\nThe navigable waters of Rhode Island are abundant, and mill streams\\nare found in every section of the continental part of the state. Rhode\\nIsland claims a conspicuous rank for its enterprise in foreign commerce,\\ndomestic trade, and the fishery. The tonnage of the state in 1837, was\\n45,651 tons. During the war with the Indian Sachem, Philip, and the\\nwarof the revolution, Rhode Island was always found at its post. lu\\nthese wars her soldiers were conspicuous for bravery; among whom\\nwere found some of the most distinguished officers of the age. The rise\\nand progress of this state to wealth and reputation is very interesting.\\nIt is the smallest republican state in the world, and the most important\\nmanufacturing district of its size in America. An impartial history of\\nRhode Island will soon be published by one of its distinguished sons\\nthat history will contain a merited eulogium on the character of its people.\\nRhode Island is celebrated for its mild and salubrious climate, which is\\nthought peculiarly favorable to female beauty. See Register.\\nRicliford, Vt.\\nFranklin co. This is a mountain-\\nou- township at the N. E. corner\\nc the county, on the line of Cana-\\nda, and watered by INJissisque river\\nand its branches. It lies 50 miles\\nN. by W. from INTontpelier, and 24\\nN. E. from St. Albans. There is\\nsome good land along the river\\nand the upland, though rough, af-\\nfords good grazing. Population,\\n1830, 704. First settled, about\\n1790.\\nXiiclnuoud} Me.\\nLincoln co. Within these limits,\\non the west bank of Kennebec river,\\nstood an ancient fortress called Rich-\\nmond hence the name of the town.\\nIt lies between Bowdoinham and\\nGardiner, and is the site of some\\nstiip building and navigation. The\\ntown has mill privileges on a stream\\nwhich empties into Merrymeeting\\nbay its soil is productive, and its\\nlocation pleasant. Richmond lies\\n15 miles S. fi\u00c2\u00abom Augusta and 15\\nN. from Topsham. Incorporated,\\n1823. Population, 1837, 1,526.\\nWheat crop, same year, 1,656\\nbushels.\\nRiclimosid) ]V. \u00c2\u00a31.\\nCheshire co. This town is 12\\nmiles S. from Keene, and 70 S. W.\\nfrom Concord. It is watered by\\nbranches of Ashuelot and Miller s\\nrivers, which fall into the Connec-\\nticut. The ponds are three in num-\\nber, one of which is one of the sour-\\nces of Miller s river. The soil here\\nis favorable for yielding rye, wheat,\\nIndian corn, and most of the pro-\\nductions found in this section of\\nNew England. The land is gen-\\nerally level. There are no remark-\\nable elevations. Richmond was\\ngranted in 1752, and was settled\\nwithin 5 or 6 years afterwards, by\\npeople from Massachusetts and", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0369.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nRhode Island. Population, in 1S30,\\n1,301\\nniclinioiacl, Vt.\\nChittenden co. Richmond is 24\\nmiles N. W. frora Montpelier, and\\n13 S. E. from Burlington. Popula-\\ntion, 1830,1,109. First settled, 1784.\\nThe town is finely watered by On-\\nion and Huntington rivers, on the\\nbanks of which are good mill seats\\nand large tracts of beautiful mead-\\now. The village is neat, and the\\ncentre of considerable travel. The\\nseveral religious denominations uni-\\nted here in building a curious look-\\ning meeting house it has sixteen\\nsides. This is a healthy place, and\\nnoted for the longevity of its inhab-\\nitants.\\nIiic1i2TioD.tl, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This town is situ-\\nated in a deep valley of excellent\\nsoil, surrounded by elevated lands,\\nand watered by Williams river.\\nThis is an excellent farming town\\nthe farmers houses, extending some\\nmiles on one street, are neatly built\\nand make a beautiful appearance.\\nIron ore of a good quality is found\\nhere in abundance, also marble and\\nlime. The manufactures of the\\ntown consist of pig iron, shovels,\\nspades, forks, hoes, leather, boots\\nand shoes. Annual value, about\\n$50,000. In 1836, there were\\n4,835 merino sheep in Richmond.\\nThey produced 14,505 pounds of\\nwool, valued at $8,703. It lies\\n135 miles Yv^. from Boston, and 5 W.\\nfrom Lenox. Incorporated, 1765.\\nPopulation, 1837, 820.\\nRicliiitoiicl, K. I.\\nWashington co. Richmond is\\nbounded on the west by Wood river,\\nand on the east by the river Charles.\\nOther streams water the town,\\nwhich, with the Wood and Charles\\ngive it an excellent water power.\\nManufacturing establishments of\\nvarious kinds flourish on its streams,\\nparticularly those of cotton. The\\nsoil is a gravelly loam, with an un-\\neven surface. The agricultural\\npi-oductions of the tov/n are very\\nconsiderable.\\nThis is an excellent township for\\ngrazing a large amount of wool\\nand of the productions of the dairy\\nis annually transported. Richmond\\nwas incorporated in 1742. It lies\\n30 miles S. S. W. from Providence\\nand is bounded E. by South Kings-\\nton. The Providence and Stoning-\\nton rail-road passes through the S.\\nE. corner of the town. Population,\\nin 1830, 1,363.\\nHidgeiielc!, Ct.\\nFairfield co. Ridgefield, or, as\\nthe Indians called it, Caudatowa,\\na word signifying high land, is\\nbounded W. by New Salem, N. Y.\\nand lies 31 miles W. by N. from\\nNew Haven, and 9 S. by W. from\\nDanbury. This township is very\\nelevated, and commands extensive\\nviews of Long Island Sound and of\\nthe surrounding country. The soil\\nis a strong gravelly loam, and pro\\nductive of grass and grain. It is\\nwatered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk\\nrivers, and by a branch of the Cro-\\nton. It comprises a verj handsome\\nvillage, in which are manufactures\\nof carriages, cabinet furniture, c.\\nLimestone is abundant. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,323. Incorporated,\\n1709.\\nThe celebrated hermitess, Sarah\\nBishop, lived on the western bor-\\nder of Ridgefield. She lived on\\nLong Island at the time of the\\nRevolutionary war. Her father s\\nhouse was burnt by the Bi-itish, and\\nshe was cruelly treated by a Brit-\\nish officer. She then left society\\nand wandered among the mountains\\nnear this part of the state she found\\na kind of cave near Ridgefield,\\nwhere she resided till about the\\ntime of her death, which took place\\nin 1810. It is said that the wild an-\\nimals were so accustomed to see\\nher, that they were not afraid of\\nher presence.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0370.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe following account of a visit\\nto this hermitess, is taken from a\\nPoughkeepsie paper.\\nYesterday I went to visit the\\nhermitage. As you pass the south-\\nern and elevated ridge of the moun-\\ntain, and begin to descend the south-\\nern steep, you meet with a perpen-\\ndicular descent of a rock, in the\\nfront of which is this cave. At the\\nfoot of this rock is a gentle descent\\nof rich and fertile ground, extend-\\ning about ten rods, when it instant-\\nly forms a frightful precipice, de-\\nscending half a mile to the pond\\ncalled Long pond. In the front of\\nthe rock, on the north, v. here the\\ncave is, and level with the ground,\\nthere appears a large frustrum of\\nthe rock, of a double fathom in size,\\nthrown out by some unknown con-\\nvulsion of nature, and lying in the\\nfront of the cavity from which it\\nwas rent, partly enclosing the\\nmouth, and forming a room: the\\nrock is left entire above, and forms\\nthe roof of this humble mansion.\\nThis cavity is the habitation of the\\nhermitess, in which she has passed\\nthe best of her years, excluded\\nfrom all society; slie keeps no do-\\nmestic animal, not even fowl, cat,\\nor dog Her little plantation, con-\\nsisting of half an acre, is cleared\\nof its wood, and reduced to grass,\\nwhere she has raised a few peach\\ntrees, and yearly plants, a few hills\\nof beans, cucumbers, and potatoes\\nthe whole is surrounded with a\\nluxuriant grape vine, which over-\\nspreads the surrounding wood, and\\nis very productive. On the oppo-\\nsite side of tills little tenement, is a\\nfine fountain of excellent water at\\nthis fountain we found the wonder-\\nful woman, whose appearance it is\\na little difficult to describe: indeed,\\nlike nature in its first state, she was\\nwithout form. Her dress appeared\\nlittle else than one confused and\\nshapeless mass of rags, patched to-\\ngether without any order, which\\nobscured all human shape, except-\\ning her head, which was clothed\\n30*\\nwith a luxuriancy of lank grey hair\\ndepending on every side, as time\\nhad formed it, without any covering\\nor ornament. When she discover-\\ned our approach, she exhibited the\\nappearance of a wild and timid an-\\nimal and started and hastened to\\nher cave, which she entered, and\\nbarricaded the entrance with old\\nshells, pulled from the decayed\\ntrees. We approached this humble\\nhabitation, and after some conver-\\nsation with its inmate, obtained lib-\\nerty to remove the palisadoes and\\nlook in for we were not able to\\nenter, the room being only sufficient\\nto accommodate one person. We\\nsaw no utensil, cither for labor or\\ncookery, save an old pewter basin\\nand a gourd shell, no bed but the\\nsolid rock, unless it were a few old\\nrags, scattered here and there no\\nbed clothes of any kind, not the\\nleast appearance of food or fire.\\nShe had, indeed, a place in one cor-\\nner of her cell, where a fire had at\\nsome time been kindled, but it did\\nnot appear there had been one for\\nsome months. To confirm this, a\\ngentleman says he passed her cell\\nfive or six days after the great fall\\nof snow in the beginning of March,\\nthat she had no fire then, and had\\nnot been out of her cave since the\\nsnow had fallen. How she subsists\\nduring the severe season, is yet a\\nmystery she says she eats but lit-\\ntle flesh of any kind; in the sum-\\nmer she lives on berries, nuts, and\\nroots. We conversed with her for\\nsome time, found her to be of a\\nsound mind, a reUgious turn of\\nthought, and entirely happy in her\\nsituation; of this she has given re-\\npeated proofs by refusing to quit\\nthis dreary abode. She keeps a Bi-\\nble with her, and says she takes\\nmuch satisfaction, and spent much\\ntime in reading it.\\nRiley, Me.\\nOxford CO. This is a township of\\nrough and unprofitable land, with\\nfew inhabitants near to, and south", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0371.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof Speckled mountain, on the line\\nof New Hampshire. It lies 30\\nmiles N. W. from Paris.\\nRiiidge, M. H.\\nCheshire co. This town is 20\\nmiles S. E. from Keene, 50 S. W.\\nfrom Concord, and 55 W. N. W.\\nfrom Boston. The soil is productive,\\nlying on swells of land lor the most\\npart inclining to the south. There\\nare 13 ponds, the largest of which\\nare called Manomonack, Emerson,\\nPerley, Long, Grassy, and Bullet.\\nThe 3 first discharge their waters\\ninto Miller s river in Mass., thence\\ncommunicating with the Connecti-\\ncut; the 3 last discharge them-\\nselves into Contoocook river, and\\nfrom thence into the Merrimack.\\nThese ponds abound with fish, and\\nwere much frequented by the In-\\ndians for procuring fur, c. There\\nis a small elevation of land in\\nRindge, from which the waters that\\nissue on one side descend into the\\nMerrimack, and those on the other\\nside, into the Connecticut. Iron\\nis found here also a species of\\npaint nearly equal to the best qual-\\nity of Spanish brown. Rindge was\\noriginally called Rowley Canada,\\nor Monadnock No. 1. It received\\nits present name from one of the\\nproprietors, when it was incorpora-\\nted, in 1768. The settlement com-\\nmenced, 1752, by Jonathan Stanley,\\nGeorge Hewitt and Abel Platts.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 1,269.\\nHipley, Me.\\nSomerset co. A good farming\\ntown, 60 miles N. by E. from Au-\\ngusta, and 30 N. E. from Norridge-\\nwock. Incorporated, 1816. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 555. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 3,512 bushels. A branch\\nof Sebasticook river passes through\\nthe town.\\nRiptou, Vt.\\nAddison co. This is a mountain-\\nous township, the surface and soil\\nof which are too broken and cold\\nfor much cultivation. Middlebury\\nriver and the turnpike from Royal-\\nton to Vergennes pass through it.\\nRipton lies 26 miles S. W. trom\\nMontpelier, and 9 E. from Middle-\\nbury. Population, 1330, 278.\\nEotolfiiiston, Me.\\nWashington co. This town lies\\non the Schoodic or St. Croix river,\\nopposite to St. Andrews, in New\\nBrunswick. It is 16 miles N. N.\\nW. from Eastport, 30 N. E. from\\nMachias and 192 E. N. E. from Au-\\ngusta. This place enjoys great\\nnavigable privileges, and is the site\\nof considerable ship building, and\\ncommerce in lumber. Incorporated,\\n1811. Population, 1837, 702. This\\ntown was settled soon after the i-e-\\nvolutionary war. The first mail\\ncame to this place in 1796. A mail\\nstage now arrives three times a\\nweek, and crosses the river to New\\nBrunswick. Robbinston was nam-\\ned in compliment to the Flon. Ed-\\nward H. Robbins, formerly Lieut.\\nGovernor of Massachusetts, and for\\nmany years speaker of the House\\nof Representatives of that state.\\nRochester, M II.,\\nOne of the county towns of Straf-\\nford CO., is 10 miles N, W. from\\nDover, 22 N. W. from Portsmouth,\\n34 E. from Concord. Besides Sal-\\nmon fall river, which divides this\\ntown from Berwick and Lebanon, in\\nthe state of Maine, the Coche-\\nco river runs the whole length of\\nthe town, and nearly in the middle,\\nand the Isinglass river crosses the\\nsoutherly corner of the town just\\nbefore its junction with Cocheco\\nriver, at a place called Blind Will s\\nNeck. Both Salmon fall and Co-\\ncheco rivers afford valuable mill-\\nseats; on the latter of which, near\\nthe centre of the town, stands the\\nprincipal village, called JVorway\\nPlains. It is a place of consider-\\nable trade, and a great thorough-\\nfare from the upper towns in the\\ncounty to Dover and Portsmouth", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0372.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThere is another village about 2\\nmiles S. W.from this, called Squam-\\nanagonnick, the Indian name of\\nthe tails in the Cocheco at that\\nplace. Much of the soil in Roch-\\nester is good the surface is uneven,\\nwith several swells, the principal\\nof which is Squamanagonnick hill,\\nwhich constitutes a considerable\\npart of several valuable farms. In\\nthe W. part of the town, is a large\\ntract of oak land, which is hard and\\nstony has a deep rich soil, and is\\nvery productive when well cultiva-\\nted. The town was incorporated,\\nin IT22. The first permanent set-\\ntlement was made in 172S. Until\\nCanada was taken by the British\\nand American troops in 1760, it re-\\nmained a frontier town the peo-\\nple were poor and distressed, but\\nnot discouraged. Their men were\\nbold, hardy and industrious and\\ntheir sons were trained to the use\\nof arms. They early became a ter-\\nror to their foes. In 1748, the wife\\nof Jonathan Hodgdon was killed on\\na Sunday morning by the Indians,\\non refusing to be taken to Canada\\nwith the party. Her husband mar-\\nried again, had 21 children in all,\\nand died in 1815, aged 90 j^ears. In\\nthe revolutionary war, many of the\\ninhabitants bore a part. Captains\\nDavid Place and John Brewster led\\ncompanies to Ticonderoga, and suf-\\nfered much in their retreat from\\nthat place in 1777. Of the soldiers\\nfrom Rochester, 29 were killed or\\ndied in that contest. Pop. 1830,2,155.\\nRocUester, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Rochester lies 30\\nmiles S. S. W. from Montpelier, 37\\nN. W. from Windsor, and 20 S. E.\\nfrom Middlebury. It is watered by\\nWhite river, which supplies it with\\nmill seats. A large partof the surface\\nof the township is broken and moun-\\ntainous, but it contains much good\\nland for grazing and some tracts of\\nexcellent meadow. It has a pleasant\\nvillage with some trade. In 1837,\\nthere were 9,000 sheep in the town.\\nJ First settled, 17S3. Population,\\n1830, 1,392.\\nRocliester, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. A large maritime\\ntown on Buzzard s bav, 9 miles\\nE. from New Bedford, and 48 S. S.\\nE. from Boston. Incoiporated, 1686.\\nPopulation, 1837, 3,570. The lace\\nof the town is uneven and the soil\\nlight. Mattepoiset and Sipican riv-\\ners, rising in large ponds in the\\ntown, empty into the bay and form\\ngood harbors. The manufactures\\nof Rochester consist of vessels, salt,\\nbar iron, boots, shoes, c. value,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n,^101,811. During that period there\\nwere 9 vessels engaged in the whale\\nfishery, and brought into port 116,-\\n928 gallons of oil, valued at $71,\\n65S. A number of merchant ves-\\nsels belong to this place, and numer-\\nous coasting and fishing vessels.\\nHoclkiugliani County, IV. H.\\nPortsmouth and Exeter are the\\nchief towns. The county of Rock-\\ningham is bounded N. and N. E.\\nby Strafibrd county E. by the At-\\nlantic, from the mouth of Piscata-\\nqua river to the line of Massachu-\\nsetts W. by the counties of Mer-\\nrimack and Hillsborough. Its great-\\nest length is about 34 miles; its\\ngreatest breadth, from the west cor-\\nner of Chester to the extremity of\\nRye, is about 30 miles. It compri-\\nses an area of 695 square miles.\\nThere are no remarkable elevations\\nin this county the surface, how-\\never, is uneven, and in the north\\npart, from the higher eminences,\\nthere are some very fine views of\\nthe surrounding country. The\\nhighest point is Saddleback moun-\\ntain, in Northwood and Deerfield.\\nThe rivers are the Lamprey, Exe-\\nter, Beaver, and Spiggot, which\\nwater the east and southeast parts\\nof the county. Great Bay, be-\\ntween Newington and New Mark-\\net, and connecting w ith the Piscat-\\naqua, is the largest collection of", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0373.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwater. M^ssabesick pond or lake\\nis principally in Chester, and is\\npicturesque from its numerous isl-\\nands and the surrounding eleva-\\ntions. The other principal ponds\\nare Islandy, in Hamsptead, Coun-\\ntrj in Kingston, and Pleasant in\\nDeerfield.\\nThe soil of this county having\\nbeen longer cultivated than that of\\nany other county in the slate, is\\nvery productive and agricultural\\npursuits have been very success-\\nful. In 1837, there were 23,;533\\nsheep in the county. The popula-\\ntion, in 1S20, was 40,526; and in\\nin 1S30, 44,552. Population to a\\nsquare mile, 64.\\nliocl^ingliaiii, Vt.\\nWindham eo. This town is beau-\\ntifully situated on the west side of\\nConnecticut river, and at the cele-\\nbrated Bellows Falls, noted un-\\nder Walpole N. H. The water pow-\\ner afforded by these falls, with that\\nof Williams and Saxton s rivers,\\nwhich pass through the town, are\\nof vast extent; it cannot fail of be-\\ncoming exceedingly useful, and of\\nrendering this town and vicinity\\nthe site of immense manufacturing-\\noperations. Large and expensive\\nmanufacturing establishments have,\\nrecently been commenced an ac-\\ncount of which may be expected\\nin the Register.\\nThis place lies on a navigable\\nriver, 65 miles above Northampton,\\nand 85 above Springlield, Mass.,\\nIll above Hartford, Ct., and 23 be-\\nlow Windsor, Vt. It is 85 miles\\nS. from Montpelier, and 18 N. E.\\nfrom Newfane. First settled in\\n1753, Population, 1S30, 2,272.\\nThe surface of the town is une-\\nven but the soil is generally\\nstrong, warm and productive. Its\\nagricultural products are consider-\\nable in 1837, it pastured 12,600\\nsheep.\\nThe location of Rockingham\\nrenders it a mart of much interi-\\nor trade, and has caused the erec-\\ntion of a number of pleasant villa-\\nges. The scenery around the falls,\\nin Kockingham, is of a sublime\\ncharacter, and perhaps no section\\nof New England possesses a great-\\ner variety of minerals than are found\\nin this vicinity.\\nRome; Me.\\nFranklin co. This is a beautiful\\nfarming town, watered by several\\nlarge ponds. It lies 19 miles N.\\nN. W. from Augusta, and 13 E. S.\\nE. from Farmington. It contains a\\npleasant and flourishing village.\\nIncorporated in 1S04. Population,\\n1837, 1,074. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 4,177 bushels.\\nRoive, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town con-\\ntains the site of old fort Pelham,\\nerected in 1744. The township is\\nelevated, and in some parts moun-\\ntainous, but the soil is adapted for\\ngrazing. Considerable wool is pro-\\nduced and there are manufactures\\nin the town of woolen goods, boots,\\nshoes, leather, and wooden ware.\\nRovve is the source of a branch\\nof Deerfield river, and lies 130\\nmiles N. W. from Boston, and 22\\nW. by N. from Greenfield. Incor-\\nporated, 1785. Population, 1837,\\n688.\\nRo-wley, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This town was first set-\\ntled by a party of industrious and pi-\\nous persons from Yorkshire, Eng. in\\n1G39. They erected the first full-\\ning mill in New England, and man-\\nufactured the first cloth in North\\nAmerica. There are a great vari-\\nety of soils in the town a large\\npart is salt meadow, and the resi-\\ndue is fertile and productive. It\\ncomprises a part of Plum island,\\nand large tracts of wood land. It\\nis watered by Rowley river, which\\nrises from several ponds in Boxford.\\nThis river afifbrds a water power,\\nand before its junction with Plum\\nIsland Sound, forms a harbor for", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0374.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nvessels of moderate draught of wa-\\nter, and in which many vessels\\nhave been built.\\nAncient Rowley was divided in\\n183S its vi^estern part was de-\\ntached and incorporated by the\\nname of Georgetown. Since this\\ndivision Rowley possesses but lit-\\ntle mai.ufocturing interest, but a\\nvaluable agricultural one, to which\\nits inhabitants are principally devo-\\nted.\\nThis ancient town is very pleas-\\nant, and lias been the birth place\\nof n)any learned men. It lies 30\\nmiles N. from Boston, 16 N. by Vr.\\nfrom Salem, and 25 E. N. E. from\\nLowell. Population, 1838, about\\n1,000.\\nRoxbiiry, Me.\\nOxford CO. The surface of this\\ntown is elevated, and well timber-\\ned, with some good soil. Roxbury\\nis watered by a branch of Andros-\\ncoggin river. It lies 30 miles N.\\nfrom Paris, and is bounded S. by\\nRumford. Incorporated, 1835.\\nPopulation, 1837, 182.\\nRoxl ixi*y, ]V. H.,\\nCheshire CO., is 5 miles E. from\\nKeene, and 50 S. W. from Concord.\\nThe N. branch of Ashuelot river\\nforms the boundary betv^een this\\ntown and Keene. Roaring Brook,\\non which are several small meadows,\\nwaters the S. part, and empties in-\\nto the Ashuelot at the S. W. cor-\\nner. On the E. side of the town-\\nship is a pond, called Roaring Brook\\npond, at the outlet of which are\\nmills.\\nRoxbury presents a rough and\\nuneven suiface, rising into consid-\\nerable swells, affording excellent\\ngrazing land.\\nThis town was formed of a part\\nof Nelson, Marlborough and Keene,\\nand incorporated in 1812. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 322.\\nKoxtoury, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nelevated between the waters ofj\\nOnion and White rivers. It lies 15\\niniles S. S. W. from IMontpelier.\\nFirst settled, 1789. Population,\\n1830, 737.\\nRoxliiiry, Slass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town is joined\\nto Boston by a neck of land, over\\nwhich are broad and pleasant ave-\\nnues. Between the centre of each\\ntown is about 3 miles. The surface\\nis rocky and uneven, with a strong\\nsoil in a high state of cultivation.\\nIt displays a great degree of agricul-\\ntural taste and skill, and abounds in\\ncountry seats and pleasure grounds.\\nThat part of this town bordering on\\nJamaica pond, 4 miles S. W. from\\nBoston, is exceedingly pleasant.\\nThis town and Boston were incor-\\nporated the same year, (1630 and\\nnothing but municipal regulations\\ndivide their interests and feelings.\\nPopulation, ISIO, 3,609; 1820,\\n4,135 1S30, 5,247 1837, 7,493.\\nThe first hourly coach from Bos-\\nton commenced running to this town\\nin 1827. There are now a large\\nnumber continually running be-\\ntween the two places, and not less\\nthan 250,000 persons pass annually.\\nSince that time, others of a similar\\nkind have been established to\\nCharlestown, Cambridge, Dorches-\\nter, c., and tend greatly to pro-\\nmote the public convenience.\\nThe manufactures of Roxbury\\nconsist of leather, nails, hats, chairs,\\ncabinet ware, pig iron, spirits, ,c.:\\nannual value, about $300,000.\\nThe Rev. John Eliot, the just-\\nly celebrated Apostle of the In-\\ndians, was settled in Roxbury in\\n1632. Mr. Eliot imbibed the true\\nspirit of the gospel, and his heart\\nwas touched with the wretched\\ncondition of the Indians. He learn-\\ned their language, and translated\\nthe scriptures into it, This would\\nseem the business of a life, when\\nthe sense of the simple e:ipression,\\nKneeling down to him, is con-\\nveyed in the Indian language", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0375.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nby JVutappessttuJi qussunnooweh-\\ntunkquoh, a word that would puz-\\nzle a Demosthenes to pronounce,\\nwithout an extra pebble stone in his\\nmouth. Mr. Eliot was remarkable\\nfor his indefatigable labors and\\ncharities; he endured hardship as\\na good soldier of Jesus Christ, and\\nwent to his reward in 1690, aged\\n86.\\nThis was the birth place and\\nresidence of the patriot Joseph\\nWarren^. Dr. Warren was born\\nin 1740. He graduated at Harvard\\ncollege in 1759. He was an ardent\\nlover of his country, and sensibly\\nfelt the weight of her oppressions.\\nFour days previous to the battle\\nof Bunker Hill, he received a\\ncommission in the army of Major\\nGeneral. He was within the en-\\ntrenchment, and was slain on that\\nhallowed spot, just at the com-\\nmencement of the retreat. Dr.\\nWarren was an ab-le statesman, an\\neloquent orator, a man of uncom-\\npromising integrity and undaunt-\\ned bravery. General Warren was\\nthe first officer of rank that fell in\\nthat glorious contest for liberty.\\nHis death shed a gloom throughout\\nthe country he was exceedingly\\nbeloved for the mildness and affa-\\nbility of his deportment, and for\\nthe virtues of his private life.\\nRoxlJiiry, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. Roxbury was tak-\\nen from Woodbury and incoi-pora-\\nted in 1801. It lies 32 miles N. W.\\nfrom New Haven, 46 W. S. W. from\\nHartford, and 15 S. by W. from\\nLitchfield. Population, 1830,1,122.\\nThe town is diversified with hills\\nand vales. The soil is a gravelly\\nloam, interspersed with some small\\ntracts of sandy loam. It is water-\\ned by the Shepaug, a branch of the\\nHousatonick. In digging for sil-\\nver, a species of iron ore, called\\nsteel ore, was discovered.\\nKoyalston, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Royalston is a\\npleasant town, and is well watered\\nby Miller s river, a beautiful mill\\nstream. The surface of the town\\nis uneven, but the soil is generally\\nrich and productive. There are\\ntwo woolen mills, and manufactures\\nof boots, shoes, leather, chairs,\\ncabinet ware, palm-leaf hats and\\nmats, wooden ware, c. First\\nsettled, 1762. Incorporated, 1765.\\nIt lies 70 miles W. N. W. from\\nBoston, and 38 N. W. from Wor-\\ncester. Population, 1837, 1,629.\\nRoyalton, Vt.\\nWindsor co. The surface of this\\ntown is somewhat rough and moun-\\ntainous, but the soil is good, partic-\\nularly on the banks of White river,\\nby which it is watered.\\nThis town was first settled in\\n1771, and for many years endured\\ngreat sutfering from Indian hostili-\\nty. This is an excellent township\\nfor grazing, and its agricultural\\nproducts are considerable. It has a\\npleasant village and an academy.\\nRoyalton is 30 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, and 25 N. N. Vv from\\nWindsor. Population, in 1830,\\n1,893.\\nRtiinford, Me.\\nOxford CO. Rumford is a town-\\nship of valuable land, 51 miles W.\\nN. W. from Augusta, and 20 N.\\nby W. from Paris. It lies on the\\nnorthwestern bank of the Andros-\\ncoggin, and enjoys a great water\\npower. Mills of various kinds are\\nalready erected, and manufactures\\non a large scale are contemplated.\\nWhite Cap mountain, rising 500\\nfeet above the level of the surround-\\ning country, and Glass-face, about\\n400 feet, present beautiful views\\nfrom their summits. Population,\\n1837, 1,382. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 4,385 bushels. Incorporated,\\nisoo.\\nR-umiiey, N. H.\\nGrafton co. Rumney is 8 miles\\nN. N. W. from Plymouth, 47 N. by", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0376.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nW. from Concord. It is watered\\nby Baker s river, of which a con-\\nsiderable branch flows from Stin-\\nson spond, and is called Stinson s\\nbrook. The pond is 400 rods long\\nand 280 rods wide. Part of Loon\\npond is on the E. line of this town.\\nThe principal elevations are Stin-\\nson s and Webber s mountains in\\nthe E. part, and a small part of\\nCarr s mountain, which here ob-\\nlains the name of Rattlesnake\\nmountain, on its N. W. border.\\nRumney was granted in 1767, and\\nwas tirst settled in 17G5. It was\\nin this town, on the 2Sth of April,\\n1752, that the late General Stark,\\nwhile on a hunting expedition, was\\ncaptured by a party of 10 Indians,\\ncommanded by Francis Titigaw.\\nHe was in company with Amos\\nEastman of Concord, David Slinson\\nof Londonderry, and his brother\\nWilliam. Stinson was slain. Pop-\\nulation, in 1S30, 993.\\nRupert, Vt.\\nBennington co. A part of this\\ntownship is mountainous, but the\\nsoil is generally good for grazing.\\nRupert produces some fine cattle,\\nand keeps about 10,000 sheep. It\\nis watered by Pawlet river, and a\\nbranch of the Battenkill, on which\\nstreams, are mills of various kinds.\\nRupert is 73 miles S. W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 25 N. from Bennington.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 1,313.\\nRussell, Mass.\\nHampden co. Westfield river\\nwaters this town, and affords it good\\nmill privileges. There is a cotton\\nmill in the town and other manufac-\\ntures. Russell lies 100 miles W. by\\nS. from Boston, and 14 W, by N.\\nIrom Springfield. Incorporated,\\n1792. Population, 1S37, 475.\\nRutland County, Vt.\\nRutland, chief town. This coun-\\nty is bounded N. by Addison coun-\\nty, E. by Windsor county, S. by\\nBennington county, and W. by the\\nstate of New York. Incorporated,\\n1781. Population, 1820, 29,983;\\n1830, 31,294. This county contains\\nan area of 953 square miles. In-\\nhabitants to a square mile, 33. The\\nprincipal streams are Otter Creek,\\nBlack, White, Queechy and Paw-\\nlet rivers. There is some line land\\nin this county along Otter Creek,\\nbut a large portion of it is elevated,\\nand some parts mountainous. The\\nsoil, however, is generally warm\\nand well suited for grazing. Ma-\\nny cattle are annually taken to\\nmarket, and in 1837, there were\\n180,984 sheep in Rutland county.\\nExcellent iron ore is found at the\\nbase of the mountains, and a range\\nof marble quarries extends the whole\\nlength of the county from north to\\nsouth. This marble is of a fine\\nquality much of it is wrought and\\ntransported.\\nRutland, Vt.\\nChief town, Rutland co. This\\ntown was settled about the year\\n1770, and for some time during the\\nrevolutionary war was a frontier\\ntown. The Green mountain hoys\\nerected here two small picket forts,\\nwhich were found very useful. The\\nsoil of the town is various, but gen-\\nerally of an excellent quality. Iron\\nore of a good quality is found clay,\\nlime, and a great abundance of beau-\\ntifully variegated marble.\\nThe village of Rutland is neat,\\nwell built and handsomely located:\\nit is the centre of trade for a large\\nsection of fertile country. The ag-\\nricultural productions of Rutland\\nare large and valuable in 1S37,\\nthere were within its limits 20,981\\nsheep. Otter Creek and its tribu-\\ntaries give the town a good water\\npower, and manufacturing estab-\\nlishments are springing up along\\ntheir banks. Rutland lies 50 miles\\nS. W. from Montpelier, 52 N. by\\nE. from Bennington, 60 S. S. E.\\nfrom Burlington, and 34 W. N. W.\\nfrom Windsor. Population, 1830,\\n2,753.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0377.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nRutland, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Itutlaud was for-\\nmerly twelve iniles square, aii;l was\\nsold by the Indians, in IGS J, for\\n\u00c2\u00a323 lawfiil money. It wa? lirdt\\nsettled about the year 172;), and\\nincorporated, in 1722. It lies 51\\nmiles W. by N. from Boston and\\n12 N. W. from Worcester. A branch\\nof W^are river waters the town, and\\ngives it mil! privileges. The man-\\nufactures consist of woolen goo;is,\\nleather, boots, shoes, chairs, cabi-\\nnet and woo;len wai-es annual val-\\nue about ,^50,000. Rutland is a\\nvery pleasant town, of good soil and\\nwell cultivated. Its exports of\\nbeef, butter and cheese are consid-\\nerable. It contains some fine fish\\nponds. Population, 1337, 1,205.\\nilye, N. I-I.,\\nRockingham co., is pleasantlj sit-\\nuated on the sea coast, 6 1-2 miles\\nS. from Portsmouth. It was orig-\\ninally taken from Portsmouth,\\nGreenland, Hampton and New\\nCastle, chiefly the latter; and though\\nit began to be settled as early as the\\nyear 1635, it was not incorporated\\ntill 1719. The sea coast here is about\\n6 miles in extent, being nearly one\\nthird of the coast in the state. On\\nthe shore, there are three consider-\\nable and very pleasant beaches, viz.\\nSandy, Jenness and Wallis to\\nwhich many persons resort in the\\nsummer season from neighboring\\ntowns and the country, both for\\nhealth and for pleasure. There is\\nhere a small harbor, near Goss mill,\\ninto which vessels of 70 or 80 tons\\nburden may conveniently enter, at\\nhigh water. The boat fishery is\\ncarried on to considerable advan-\\ntage, particularly in the fall and\\nwinter seasons. There was former-\\nly a large fresh water pond, lying\\ncontiguous to the sand bank or\\nbounds of the sea, covering a sur-\\nface of about 300 acres. Between\\nthis and the sea, a communication\\nwas opened by the inhabitants about\\na centurj^ since. The waters were\\ndischarged into the sea, leaving a\\ntract of marsh, which, being wa-\\ntered by the regular flowing of the\\ntide, yields annually large quanti-\\nties of salt hay. Breakfast Hill,\\nbetween this town and Greenland,\\nis distinguished as the place where\\na party of Indians were surprised\\nat breakfast, at the time of their in-\\ncursion iu 1Q9S. There are small\\ncircular holes in the rocks of which\\nthis hill is principally composed,\\nsupposed to have been made use of\\nby the natives. This town has suf-\\nfered considerably in times of war\\nand danger. In the Amei-ican or\\nrevolutionary war, 38 of its inhabi-\\ntants lost their lives, by sea or land\\nniost of them young men. Popu-\\nlation, in 1830, 1,172.\\nliyegate, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This town is situ-\\nated on the west bank of Connec-\\nticut river, opposite to Bath, N. H.\\nIt is 33 miles E. by S. from Mont-\\npelier, and 14 S. by E. from Dan-\\nville. Ryegate is watered by Wells\\nriver, some smaller streams and sev-\\neral ponds. There is not much in-\\ntervale land on the river, in the\\ntown, but the soil is generally rich\\nand very productive of all kinds of\\nvegetables and grain but more par-\\nticularly of grass. About 3,000 sheep\\nare kept, and the pioducts of the\\nsoil, annually transported to market,\\nare vei-y considerable. This town\\nwas first settled by emigrants from\\nScotland, in the year 1774. A lai-ge\\npart of the present population of\\nRyegate are of Scotch descent, and\\nare said to follow, in a great degree,\\nthe peculiar habits, in regard to di-\\net, which Scotchmen are accustom-\\ned to in their own country. They\\nannually prepare large quantities\\nof oat meal for cakes, and lay in a\\ngood stock of hulled barley for\\nbroths, soups and puddings. The\\npeople of Ryegate are generally\\nfrugal and industrious good farmers,\\nand good livers. They manufac-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0378.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nture their own apparel and some for\\ntheir neighbors. Population, 1830,\\n1,119.\\nSaclieiu s Head, Ct.\\nSee Guilford.\\nSaco River,\\nIs one of the largest in New\\nEngland yet being much broken\\nin its course by falls, is not naviga-\\nble to any considerable extent. It\\nsprings from three sources in the\\nWhite mountains the branch is-\\nsuing from the southwest side of\\nthe mountains, near the Notch, is\\nconsidered the main stream; next\\nto this is the middle branch, which\\nis the smallest and beyond is the\\nbranch called Ellis s river, which\\nrises on the northeast side of the\\nmountains, and after a course of\\nabout eighteen miles, unites with\\nthe main bjanch in the town of\\nBartlett. Cutler s and New rivers\\nare mountain torrents that discharge\\ninto the Ellis. The Ammonoosuck,\\na branch of the Connecticut, rises\\nwithin about two rods of the Saco,\\nflowing in an opposite direction.\\nThe whole length of Saco river is\\nestimated to be 160 miles; running\\nin its general course S. S. E., and\\ndischaraing into the sea in N, lati-\\ntude 43\u00c2\u00b0 31 W. longitude 70\u00c2\u00b0 26\\nThe principal falls are, the Great\\nFalls, at Hiram, where the water\\ndescends 72 feet; Steep Falls, at\\nLimington, 20 feet Salmon Falls,\\nat Hollis and Buxton, 30 feet and\\nSaco Falls, 42 feet. The latter are\\nabout 4 miles from the mouth of\\nthe river. The ordinary rise of\\nthe water, in the spring, is from\\n10 to 15 feet, but in great freshets\\nit has been knoAvn greatly to ex-\\nceed that number. A long stoi-m\\nwhich occurred in Octobei-, 17S5,\\nraised the river to an immense\\nheight, sweeping away mills and\\nbridges, and inundating houses that\\nstood in its vicinity. In 1S14, there\\nwas the greatest freshet known\\nsince that of 1785. At such sea-\\n31\\nsons the appearance of Saco Falls\\nis truly sublime.\\nSaco, Me.\\nYork CO. Saco is situated on the\\neast side of the river of that name.\\nIt is 71 miles S. S. V. from Au-\\ngusta, 15 S. W. from Portland, and\\n29N.E. from York.\\nSaco is a port of entry, a place of\\nson)e ship building, and commands\\na flourishing tiade. Population,\\n1830, 3,219; 1837, 4,229.\\nSaco enjoys the rare privilege of\\npossessing a great hydraulic pow-\\ner united with navigable accomnjo-\\ndations. The Saco river termin-\\nates its fantastic course at this place,\\nby leaping, within a short distance,\\n42 feet, and mingling with the\\nocean. This water power is very\\nvaluable, and cannot fail of becom-\\ning the site of large manufacturing\\noperations.\\nFrom the mouth of the river a\\nline beach extends to the east about\\n5 miles, called Old Orchard beach.\\nThis name arose from a growth of\\napple trees formerly near the beach,\\nplanted at a very early period\\nsome of them remained as late as\\n1770. Another beach of less ex-\\ntent, but not inferior in other re-\\nspects, is found at the Pool, con-\\nnecting Fletcher s Neck with the\\nmain, and formJng the south shore\\nof that peninsula. Its distance\\nfrom the Falls is about 9 miles.\\nThe small streams by which dif-\\nferent parts of Saco are watered,\\ngenerally derive their origin from\\nan immense bog, commonly called\\nthe Heath, and flow into the river\\nand sea. On one of these, Fox-\\nwell s brook, there is a fine water-\\nfall, with a descent of about sixty\\nfeet, surrounded by scenery of a\\nwild and striking character.\\nThe lumber trade has long been\\nthe principal branch of business on\\nSaco river. In early times, the\\nmills were supplied with logs from\\nthe forests in the vicinity of the\\nFalls in the former part of the last", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0379.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncentury, they were procured at the\\ndistance of a few miles above the\\nmills. In the winter of 1772, it is\\nsaid, a few persons for the first time\\nascended the river as far as Frj^e-\\nburg, in quest of timber, and find-\\ning an abundance, turned the at-\\ntention of millmen to that region\\nfor their future supplies. After\\nthe war the number of mills was\\nincreased. Before the year ISOO,\\nseventeen saws were in operation\\nabout the Falls. There wei-e oth-\\ners on the small streams in different\\nparts of Saco and Biddeford. The\\nquantity of boards sawed per day,\\n(24 hours) has been estimated at\\nfifty thousand feet.\\nThere is considerable navigation\\nowned at Saco, employed in foreign\\nand domestic commerce and the\\nfishery. The tonnage of the dis-\\ntrict, in 1S37, was 3,666 tons.\\nThere are at present a large cot-\\nton mill, a rolling mill, a nail facto-\\nry, and numerous saw mills; but a\\ngreat portion of the water power\\nremains unimproved.\\nThe village of Saco contains ma-\\nny handsome buildings, and the\\nscenery around it is romantic and\\nbeautiful.\\nSaco and Biddeford were former-\\nly united. The former was first\\nsettled in 1631, the latter in 1630.\\nWe make a few extracts from Mr.\\nFolsom s valuable liislory of tho.5e\\ntowns, as they contain some inter-\\nesting information in relation to the\\nfirst settlement of this part of New\\nEngland.\\nThe unfortunate termination of\\nSir V/alter Raleigh s attempts to\\ncolonize Virginia during the reign\\nof Queen Elizabeth, had effectual-\\nly checked the spirit of enterprise\\nin England in relation to the settle-\\nment of America. The discove-\\nries of Gosnold and Pring, and the\\nshortness of their voyages, now\\ncaused the subject to be revived,\\nand to excite more general interest\\nthan had before existed. On the\\npetition of a number of gentlemen,\\na charter was grantee by king\\nJames in the year 1G06, dividing\\nthe country into two districts, call-\\ned North and South Virginia, and\\nauthorizing the establishment of\\nseparate colonies in each district by\\ntwo distinct companies. A right of\\nproperty in the land fifty miles on\\neach side of their first plantations,\\nand extending 100 miles into the in-\\nterior, was granted by this patent.\\nThe first or Southern colony were\\nallowed to settle any part of the\\ncountry within the degrees of 31\\nand 41 north latitude; the second,\\nconsisting chiefly of persons resi-\\ndent at Plymouth and other towns\\nin the west of England, and thence\\ndenominated the Plymouth Com-\\npany, were allowed to choose a\\nplace of settlement between 38 and\\n45 degrees north latitiule. As a\\nconsideiable portion of the territo-\\nry thus allotted was common to the\\ntwo districts, a provision was added,\\nthat the colony last planted should\\nnot approach within one hundred\\nmiles of that already established.\\nThe next year colonies were\\nsent out by the two companies.\\nOne was fixed at Jamestown, of\\nwhich Gosnold was the prime\\nmover, and Capt. Smith an active\\nmember; the other was established\\nat Sagadahock, or the mouth of the\\nKennebec, led by Captains George\\nPopham, brother to tlie Chief Jus-\\ntice, and Raleigh Gilbert. This\\ncolony consisted of 108 men;\\nwhether accompanied by their Aim-\\nilies, we are not informed. They\\narrived on the coast near the island\\nof Monhcagan, a few leagues east\\nof the Kennebec, in the month of\\nAugust, and soon after entered the\\nmouth of that river, where, on the\\neastern side, on an island now form-\\ning a part of Georgetown, they\\ncommenced preparations for a per-\\nmanent settlement without delay.\\nMonheagan was agreed upon as a\\nplace of rendezvous for the ships\\nbefore leaving England, and al-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0380.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthough we are not directly told that\\nthe destination of the colony was\\ndetermined before their arrival,\\nthere is no doubt of the fact. The\\ngreat patron of the enterprise, Chief\\nJus ice Popham, eb*;ainec an accu-\\nrate survey of the coast the year\\nbefore, and doubtless selected the\\nmouth of that fair and navigable\\nriver, as the Kennebec is styled\\nby Smith, as a favorable location for\\nthe seat of the colony.\\nThe lateness of the season\\nscarcelj allowed the colonists time\\nto erect a fort and the necessary\\nplaces of shelter before the ap-\\nproach of winter, which proved\\nexcessively rigorous. More than\\nhalf their number returned with\\nthe ships to England in December,\\nin consequence of the severity of\\nthe cold and the scantiness of their\\nsupplies. Soon after those who\\nhad remained had the misfortune to\\nlose the greater part of their build-\\nings and stores by tire. Capt. Pop-\\nham died in the course of the win-\\nter, and an arrival in the spring\\nbrought news of the death of the\\nChief Justice. Raleigh Gilbert,\\nwho succeeded Popham as presi-\\ndent of the Colony, was under the\\nnecessity of returning to England\\non account of the decease of his\\nbrother, of which intelligence was\\nreceived by another arrival, and\\nthe colonists, discouraged Jjy so ma-\\nny adverse circumstances, resolved\\nto abandon the country and return\\nwith him. Thus in less than one\\nyear from the time the settlement\\nwas commenced, the northern col-\\nony was broken up the country\\nwas denounced as uninhabitable,\\nand no further attempts were made\\nfor many years to promote its set-\\ntlement by the Company to whom\\nit was assigned by the patent of\\nKing James.\\nSir Ferdinando Gorg-es, a con-\\nspicuous member of the Plymouth\\nCompany, alone remained undis-\\ncouraged. The attention of this\\ngentleman appears to have been\\nfirst turned to this part of America\\nin the year 1605, when Capt. Wey-\\nmouth arrived in the harbor of\\nPlymouth where he resided, on his\\nreturn from a voyage for the dis-\\ncovery of the northwest pa-jstge.\\nflailing short of his course, Wey-\\nmouth had accidently discovered\\nthe river Penobscot, from whence\\nhe carried to England live of the\\nnatives, three of whom, says\\nGorges, I seized upon they were\\nall of one nation, but of several\\nparts and several families. This\\naccident must be acknowledged the\\nuieans under God of putting on foot\\nand giving life to all our planta-\\ntions. He retained these In-\\ndians in his family three years, and\\nobtained from them much informa-\\ntion respecting their native shores\\nthey were afterwards sent back.\\nGorges hv^nceforth took a deep in-\\nterest in schemes for the settlement\\nof North Virginia, and was rather\\nchagrined than discouraged by the\\nreturn of the Sagadahock colonists,\\nand the unfavorable reports which\\nthey spread concerning the coun-\\ntry. He had too much experi-\\nence in the world, he said, to be\\nfrighted with such a blast, as know-\\ning many great kingdoms and large\\nterritories more northerly seated\\nand by many degrees colder, were\\nplentifully inhabited, and divers of\\nthem stored with no better com-\\nmodities than these afforded, if like\\nindustry, art and labor be used.\\nUnable, however, to persuade the\\ncompany to undertake the planting\\nof a second colony. Gorges engaged\\nin private enterprises to this coast,\\nwhich began to be much resorted to\\nby English ships for purposes of\\ntrade with the natives, and of fish-\\ning. In the year 1616, he sent\\nhither a party commanded by Rich-\\nard Vines, for the express object of\\nexploring the country with a view\\nto form a settlement. He con-\\ntracted with them to remain during\\nthe winter, with the hope of remov-\\ning the prejudice excited by the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0381.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSagadahock colonists against the\\ncharacter of the climate.\\nThey arrived during the prev-\\nalence of a destructive disease\\namong the natives, which spread\\nthroughout New England, com-\\nmencing its ravages in the west.\\nThis pestilence is noticed by all the\\nwriters on the early history of New\\nEngland, with some difference of\\nopinion as to the precise year of its\\noccurrence. A late and highly re-\\nspectable writer supposes it to have\\nprevailed in different places at dif-\\nferent times, but a few years pre-\\nvious to the arrival of the Plymouth\\npilgrims. It was regarded by those\\npious colonists as a special interpo-\\nsition of divine providence in their\\nfavor, so great was the havoc it\\nmade among the tribes in that quar-\\nter. Thus, says old Morton, God\\nmade way for his people by remov-\\ning the heathen and planting them\\nin the land.\\nMr. Vines and his companions\\npenetrated into the interior, visiting\\nthe Indians in their villages and\\nwigwams, who received them with\\ngreat kindness and hospitality. Be-\\nside the ravages of sickness, they\\nwere at this time thrown info con-\\nfusion by the death of the Bashaba\\nor chief sachem, whom the Tarran-\\ntincs, living east of the Penobscot,\\nhad attacked by surprise and de-\\nstroyed with his family the preced-\\ning year. Great dissensions had\\nimmediately followed among the\\ndifferent tribes, who were engaged\\nin a destructive war with each oth-\\ner when the pestilence made its ap-\\npearance. In the midst of these\\nevils, the Englishmen passed with\\nsafety among them, and slept in\\ntheir cabins without suffering from\\nthe contagion. They were in par-\\nticular welcomed by the savages\\nwhom they had seen in the family\\nof Gorges at Plymouth, and now\\nmet in their native homes. Having\\nvisited different parts of the coast,\\nthis little party prepared to estab-\\nlish themselves for the winter.\\nThe spot v. hich they selected for\\ntheir abode, we have reason to sup-\\npose, was at tlie mouth of Saco riv-\\ner, on the western side, near the\\ncapacious and sheltered basin now\\ncalled the Pool, but in early times\\nknown as Winter harbor.\\nVines performed several voyages\\nto our coast in the service of Gorges,\\nand it is probable made Winter Har-\\nbor his principal resort. While he\\nwas occupied in exploring the\\ncountry and trading with the na-\\ntives, his men were engaged in\\nfishing. How long he pursued this\\ncourse, we are not informed, nor do\\nwe find him mentioned again until\\nseveral years after his early resi-\\ndence at Winter Harbor.\\nThe employments of the colo-\\nnists were chiefly agriculture, fish-\\ning, and trade with the natives.\\nMost of them combined these pur-\\nsuits, and were styled husbandmen\\nor planters.\\nThe husbandmen took up tracts\\nof 100 acres, of which they receiv-\\ned leases on nominal or small rents,\\nfrom Mr. Vines. Some of these\\nare now on record. An estate that\\nhad been in the possession of Thom-\\nas Cole, including a mansion or\\ndwellinghouse, was leased by Mr.\\nVines to John West for the term of\\nlOOO years, for the annual rent of\\ntwo shillings and one capon, a pre-\\nvious consideration having been\\npaid by West. The lease which is\\npartly in the latin language, was\\nexecuted, 1638. Another deed from\\nVines requires the lessee to yield\\nand pay an acknowledgement and\\nrent-charge of 5s., two days work,\\nand one fat goose yearly. In this\\nmanner were all the planters ren-\\ndered tenants to the propiietor,\\nnone of them holding their estates\\nin fee simple.\\nFishing was the most common\\noccupation, as it was both easy and\\nprofitable to barter the products of\\nthis business for corn from Virginia,\\nand other stores from England.\\nThe trade with the planters of Mas-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0382.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n8achu?etts soon became considera-\\nble. In 1636, Mr. Vines had a\\nconsignment of bread and beef from\\nthat quarter. Jocelyn remarks that\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Winter Harbor is a noted place for\\nfishers. He describes the mode of\\npursuing this business in the follow-\\nin manner: The fishermen take\\nyearly on the coast many hundred\\nquintals of cod, hake, haddock, pol-\\nlock, c. and dry them at their\\nstages, making three voyages in a\\nyear. They make merchantable\\nand refuse fi4i, which they sell to\\nMassachusetts merchants the first\\nfor 32 ryals ($4) per quintal the\\nrefuse for 9 and 10 shillings ($2,\\nand 2,25.) The merchant sends\\nthe first to Lisbon, Bilboa, Mar-\\nseilles, Bordeaux, Toulon, and other\\ncities of France to Canaries, pipe-\\nstaves and clapboards; the refuse\\nfish to the W. Indies for the ne-\\ngroes. To every shallop belong\\nfour fishermen, a master or steers-\\nman, a midshipman, and a shore\\nman, who washes it out of the salt,\\nand dries it upon hurdles pitched\\nupon stakes breast high, and tends\\ntheir cookery. They often get in\\none voyage 8 or 9 barrels a share\\nper man. The merchant buys of\\nthe planters beef, pork, peas, wheat,\\nIndian corn, and sells it to the fish-\\nermen.\\nThe expense of each planter to\\nprovision himself was quite small,\\nif we may judge from an estimate\\nfurnished by Mr. Jocelyn for the\\ninformation of proposed emigrants.\\nA similar estimate had been previ-\\nously made by Capt. Smith with\\nreference to Virginia. Victuals to\\nlast one man a year; 8 bushels of\\nmeal, \u00c2\u00a32: two bushels of peas, 6\\nshi11ino;s two bushels of oatmeal,\\n9 shillhigs one gallon of aqua vit:e,\\n(brandy,^ 2s. Gil. one gallon of oil,\\n3s. 6cZ. two gallons of vinegar,\\n2s.: total, \u00c2\u00a33 3s., equal to $14.\\nA considerable traffic was car-\\nried on with the natives by many\\nof the planters, some of them visi-\\nting- remote parts of the coast, or\\n31*\\ntravelling into the interior for this\\npurpose. English and French\\ngoods were bartered for valuable\\nfurs, particularly beaver.\\nSaddle Mountain, Mass.\\nSee JidMms.\\ngaddleli acl\u00c2\u00a3 Mountain, Me.\\nFranklin co. This mountain is a\\nfew miles south of Mount Abraham,\\nit is 25 miles N. AV. from Farming-\\nton, and about 4,U00 feet above the\\nlevel of the sea.\\nSagadalioclc, Me.\\nThe ancient name o( a section of\\ncountry, at and east of the mouth oi\\nKennebec river. See Saco.\\nSt. All ans, Me.\\nSomerset co. This is a valuable\\ntownship of land, 46 miles N. N.\\nE. from Augusta, and 26 N. E. by\\nE. from Norridgewock. Incorpora-\\nted, 1S13. Population, 1S30, 911\\n1837, 1,393. This town contains a\\nlarge and beautiful pond the out-\\nlet of which forms a good mill\\nstream, a branch of Sebasticook\\nriver. There are two pleasant and\\nflourishing villao-es in St. Albans.\\nWheat crop, 1837, 10,294 bushels\\nSt. Allbans, Vt.\\nShire town of Franklin co. This\\ntown is bounded on the west by\\nChamplain lake. It lies 46 miles\\nN. Vv\\\\ by N. from Montpelier, and\\n25 N. from Burlington. First set-\\ntled about the year 1785. Popula-\\ntion 1S30, 2,395. The soil of this\\ntown is fertile, and under the man-\\nagement of good farmers, is render-\\ned very productive. In 1837, there\\nwere 8,459 sheep in the town, and\\nthe exports of wool and other pro-\\nductions of the soil are large and\\nvaluable. The water communica-\\ntions by the lake to New-York and\\nCanada, render St. Albans a mart\\nof considerable trade from the sur-\\nrounding country. The first ves-\\nsel from Lake Champlain, that ar-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0383.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrived at New York, by the north-\\nern canal, was from, built and own-\\ned at St. Albans.\\nThe Village of St. Albans is\\nbeautifully situated on elevated\\nground, and commands a fine pros-\\npect. It contains many handsome\\nbuildings, and is a busy place in the\\nmanufacture of various articles. It\\nlies three miles from the lake, and\\ntwelve miles from the line of Can-\\nada.\\nSt. Croix River.\\nThis river forms the boundary\\nline between the United States and\\nthe British Province of New Bruns-\\nwick, from the ocean to Grand\\nLake. It is sometimes called Pas-\\nsamaquoddi/, ScJioodic and Che-\\nputnetecook. This river rises in\\nGrand Lake and passes to the\\nocean in a S. E. course. The dis-\\ntances on this important river are\\nas follows: from Eastport to Ca-\\nlais, at the head of navigation, is 28\\nmiles from Calais to the mouth of\\nSchoodic river, 21 miles, and from\\nthence to Grand Lake is 33 miles\\ntotal distance from Eastport to\\nGrand Lake, 82 miles. There are\\nmany elevations in this river, and\\nconsequently many falls and rapids,\\nproducing a great hydraulic power.\\nThe mouth of the western branch of\\nthe St. Croix, or Schoodic river, is\\n166 feet above tide water, at Calais\\nand the whole fall from Grand Lake\\nto sea level is 444 feet.\\nSt. Francois iiiver, Me,\\nOr the Peclieenegamook, rises in\\n*he county of Piscataquis, on the\\nborder of Canada. It has a number\\nof tributaries and receives the wa-\\nters of several lakes. It is about\\n50 miles in length, and, parsing\\nnearly south falls into the river St,\\nJohn, on the line of Penobscot\\ncount3^\\nSt. George, Me.\\nLincoln co. This township is\\nnearly surrounded by water It is\\nbounded northerly by a neck of\\nland adjoining Thomaston, E. by\\nthe western waters of Penobscot\\nbay, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by\\nthe waters of Muscongus bay and\\nSt. George s river. This town pos-\\nsesses, in an eminent degree, every\\nnavigable facility. It is a place of\\nconsiderable ship building, and the\\npeople are engaged in the lumber\\ntrade, coasting and fishing. There\\nare a number of islands on the coast\\nof this town a cluster of islands\\ncalled St. Georges, are the most\\nconsiderable. They lie off the\\ntown S. by W. about 5 miles. St.\\nGeoi ge was incorporated in 1803.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,883. It lies 57\\nmiles S. E. from Augusta, and 10\\nS. from Warren.\\nSt. George River is a valuable\\nstream, both on account of its hy-\\ndraulic power and navigable ac-\\ncommodations. It receives its most\\ndistant waters from ponds in Mont-\\nville, Searsmont and Belmont in\\nthe county of Waldo, and, in a\\nsoutherly course, passes to Union,\\nwhere it receives the waters of\\nseveral ponds, and meets the tide at\\nWai-ren. The length of this river\\nis about 40 miles it is navigable to\\nWarren, 15 miles from the sea.\\nSt. Greorge, Vt.\\nChittenden co, A small town\\nbounded W, by Shelburne, 28 miles\\nW, by N. from Montpelier, and 8\\nS. E. from Burlington. First set-\\ntled, 1784. Population, 1830, 1.35.\\nThe surface is high and uneven:\\nthe soil is composed of loam, clay\\nand gravel.\\nSt. J oliii s lliver.\\nSee Fundi/, Bay.\\nSt. .Io3iissl ury? Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This pleasant and\\nflourishing town is 35 miles N, E.\\nfrom Montpelier, 57 N. from Han-\\nover, N, H. and 7 E, from Danville.\\nThe town was organized in 1790.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,592 1838, about", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0384.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n2,000. The surface is uneven, but\\nthe soil is generally strong and fer-\\ntile. In 1837,there were 4,546 sheep\\nin the town.\\nThe amount of available water\\npower in St. Johnsbury is great and\\nvaluable, indicating its future im-\\nportance as a site for large manu-\\nfactories. The Passumpsic river, a\\nconsiderable stream, which falls into\\nConnecticut river at the foot of Fif-\\nteen Mile Falls, passes through the\\ncentral part of the town from north\\nto south. Moose and Sleeper s riv-\\ners unite with the Passumpsic and\\naflbrd a succession of excellent mill\\nseats seldom seen so closely com-\\nbined.\\nOn Sleeper s river is the estab-\\nlishment ofE. and I. Fairbanks, for\\nthe manufacture of their improved\\nplatform balances, on an extensive\\nscale also iron works of various\\nkinds, on the other streams.\\nThere are three handsome villa-\\nges in the town: that called the\\nPlain, is on elevated ground and\\nnear the junction of the streams.\\nThis town commands the trade of a\\nconsiderable portion of country, and\\nthese villages, which are neatly\\nbuilt, enjoy an active business.\\nSalem, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town is v\u00c2\u00bba-\\ntered by a branch of Seven Mile\\nBrook, and lies 52 miles N. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 23 N. W. from\\nNorridgewock. Incorporated, 1823.\\nPopulation, 1837, 496. This is a\\ngood farming town; it produced in\\n1837, 4,216 bushels of wheat.\\nSalem, li. H.,\\nRockingham co., is 30 miles S.\\nfrom Concord, and 40 S. W. from\\nPortsmouth. Policy pond, partly in\\nthis town, and paitly in Windham, is\\nthe largest collection of water:\\nWorld s end pond and Captain pond\\nare in the S. E. and E. parts of the\\ntown; and there are other small\\nponds. The Spiggot river, passing\\nfrom N. to S. through the town, re\\nceives in its course numerous\\nbranches, and waters the different\\nportions of the town, furnishing also\\nexcellent mill privileges. The soil\\nis generally fertile, and the surface\\nuneven. Salem was incorporated\\nby charter, May 11, 1750. Popula-\\ntion, in 1830, 1,310.\\nSalem, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This is a township\\nof level surface, and tolerable soil;\\n50 miles N.N. E. from Montpelier\\nand lON.E. from Irasburgh. First\\nsettled, 1798. Population, 1830,\\n230. Clyde river passes through\\nthe N. E. part of the town and apart\\nof the south bay of Memphrema-\\ngog lake lies in the N. W. corner.\\nSalem, Mass.,\\nOne of the shire towns in Essex\\nCO. This is the oldest and largest\\nseaport but one in old Massacliu-\\nsetts. Its Indian name was JS ^a-\\numkeag. It is 14 miles N. N. E.\\nfrom Boston, and lies in lat. 42\u00c2\u00b0 31\\n19 N., and Ion. 70\u00c2\u00b0 54^ W. Popu-\\nlation, 1836, 15,002. Salem is near-\\nly surrounded by water, being sit-\\nuated between two inlets of the sea,\\ncalled the north and south rivers.\\nTo the main, and now inhabited part\\nof the town, is attached a peninsular\\nportion of land, called the Neck.\\nThis was the first inhabited land,\\nand was formerly used for fishing\\nand other purposes. It ultimately\\nbecame the pioperty of the town,\\nand was, for a long time, used as a\\npublic pasture. In 1816, when the\\npresent Alms House was built, a\\nlarge portion of it was enclosed, and\\nhas since been cultivated as the\\nAlms House farm. The finest and\\nmost comprehensive view of Sa-\\nlem may be had from Gallows\\nHill. Its situation is low, but\\npleasant and healthy. Its streets\\nare quite irregular. Essex is the\\nonly street which runs through the\\ntown and is very angular and crook-\\ned. Federal and Bridge streets are\\nbroad, straight and regular. Ches-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0385.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncut is esteemed the handsomest,\\nthough it is not the most public\\nstreet. It has rows of elms on ei-\\nther side. Winter and Broad streets\\nare the widest. The tirst pavement\\nwas made in Essex street, between\\nCourt and North streets, in 1773,\\nand is still in use. The south chui-ch\\nhas great architectural beauty, and\\nthe north church is built of stone,\\nwith a beautiful front of the gothic\\norder. There is a Custom House\\nat the head of Derby wharf. Sa-\\nlem has always been a commercial\\nplace. It has a convenient harbor\\nand good anchorage. In point of\\nVt^calth and commerce, it has al-\\nways ranked as the second town in\\nNew England.\\nIts history is idcntiiled with that\\nof Massachusetts, and there is much\\nin it to interest and instruct. Its\\nrank, the character and number of\\nits population, its facilities for com-\\nmerce, and the advantage of being\\nthe chosen residence of many of\\nthe first and most distinguished set-\\ntlers, made it earl} and seriously\\nthought of as the Capital, instead\\nof Boston. It was first settled in\\n1626, by Roger Conant, Peter Pal-\\nfray and others, who had failed in\\nan attempt to plant themselves at\\nCape Ann. In 1628, a cession of\\nMassachusetts was made to Sir\\nHenry Roswell and others, with a\\nview to establish a colony there.\\nOf this company, Matthew Cradock\\nwas President, and in 162S, John\\nEndicott was sent over to reside at\\nSalem as the company s agent, in\\nthe same year, the first church v.as\\nformed. It has ever been remark-\\nable for its succession of eminent,\\nindependent and useful Divines;\\namong whom, are the Higginsons,\\nSkelton, Roger Williams, Hugh Pe-\\nters, Noyes, Fiske, Dr. Prince, c.\\nIn 1634, the first general court m.et\\nat Newton. Roger Conant was\\none of the first deputies from Salem.\\nIn 1643, Massachusetts was divi-\\nded into 4 counties; Essex, Mid-\\ndlesex, Suffolk and Norfolk. In\\n1644, there was a strong party to\\nmake Salem the seat of government,\\nbut in this attempt, the deputies\\nwere defeated.\\nIn 1675, Capt. Thomas Lathrop\\nand his company were killed by the\\nIndians, at Bloody Brook. He, with\\nRoger Conant, had removed from\\nSalem to Beverly, in 1668. His\\ncompany were called the Flower\\nof Essex, and many of them were\\nfrom Salem.\\nIn 1081, Major William Haw-\\nthorne died. He was a leading and\\ninfiuential character in his time,\\nhaving been speaker, assistant,\\njudge, commissioner of the united\\ncolonies, c., and having ever\\nshowed himself able, faithful, and\\nworthy of confidence.\\nIn 1687, William Brown gave a\\nfarm for the benetit of the schools\\nof Salem. The Brown family were\\never great friends and liberal pat\\nrons of learning. They not only\\nmade donations to the Salem schools,\\nbut also to Harvard College for the\\nbenefit of poor scholars.\\nIn 1692, the witchcraft delusion\\nprevailed in Salem, and nineteen\\npersons were tried and lianged as\\nwitches. Though designated the\\nSalem witchcraft, it had pervaded\\nother places, previously to its ap-\\npearance here. In England, laws\\nhad been enacted against it, and Sir\\nMatthew Hale, gave to those laws\\nhis sanction. In 1648, Margaret\\nJones was condemned and hanged\\nat Charlestown, and in 1655, Ann\\nHibbins, at Boston. The imputa-\\ntion for a time induced a belief of\\nthe reality of the imposition but\\ntime finally detected and exposed\\nthe eircr. The house, in which\\nthe accused were tried, is still stand-\\ning at the western corner of Essex\\nand North streets, and the place of\\ntheir execution is now known as\\nGallows Hill. A full and inter-\\nesting account of this delusion of\\nthe imagination has been written\\nand published by Rev. C. W. Up-\\nham.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0386.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nIn 1698, a great fire broke out,\\nand destroyed several dwelling\\nhouses. In 1718, the second or\\neast church was built and is still\\nstanding. The celebrated Dr. Bent-\\nley was pastor of this church. He\\nwrote a Description of Salem,\\nwhich is published in the Collec-\\ntions of the Mass. Hist. Society.\\nIn 1774, General Gage ordered\\nthe removal of the general court to\\nSalem. At that time, Boston was a\\nclosed port. The merchants and\\ncitizens of Salem called a town\\nmeeting, at which, resolutions de-\\nnouncing, in very strong terms, the\\nBoston port bill, were passed unani-\\nmously. The meeting was very\\nfull, and a copy of their doings was\\ncommunicated to their neighbors of\\nBoston. On the 11th of June, when\\nGov. Gage was at Salem, an address,\\nnumerously signed, was presented\\nto him, which reflects high honor\\non the sense of justice and patriot-\\nism of this ancient town. Among\\nother things it said, By shutting\\nup the port of Boston, some imag-\\nine that the course of trade mi^ht\\nbe turned hither and to our benefit\\nbut nature in the formation of our\\nharbor forbids our becoming rivals\\nin commerce to that convenient\\nmart. And were it otherwise, we\\nmust be dead to every idea of jus-\\ntice lost to all feelings of humani-\\nty could we indulge one thought\\nto seize on wealth and raise our for-\\ntunes on the 7-uin of our suffering\\nneighbors.\\nIn 1776, Feb. 26, Col. Leslie,\\nwith a British regiment from Bos-\\nton Castle, landed privately at Sa-\\nlem and proceeded to the North\\nbridge, with a view to seize on some\\nmilitary stores beyond it. The cit-\\nizens were, at the time, in meeting\\nbut Col. Timothy Pickering, with\\n30 or 40 men, got there in season to\\nraise the draw, and thus prevent\\nLeslie and his regiment from pass-\\ning further. The British attempted\\nto cross the river in a gondola,\\nbut the Americans scuttled the\\nboat. Finally, Col. Leslie proposed\\nthat if he should be permitted to\\npass 30 rods beyond the bridge, he\\nwould return. Having been per-\\nmitted, the gallant colonel returned\\npeaceably to Boston.\\nDuring the revolution, there\\nwere about 60 armed vessels fitted\\nout from Salem, manned by 4,000\\nmen and many unrecorded deeds\\nof high daring and chivalrous adven-\\nture were performed on the sea by\\ncitizens of Salem, during that event-\\nful period. Indeed, in her naval\\nachievements consists principally\\nthe part which Salem bore in the\\nrevolutionary struggle.\\nThis seaport has been more known\\nfor its East India trade than any\\nother in the United States. The\\nfirst ship from Salem engaged in\\nthis trade was the Grand Turk,\\nowned by E. H. Derby. She was\\nat the Cape of Good Hope in 1784,\\ncommanded by Capt. Jonathan In-\\ngersoll, and at Canton in 1786, com-\\nmanded by Ebenezer West. A\\nmodel of her, completely rigged, is\\nin the Museum. In 1818, there\\nwere 53 vessels employed in this\\ntrade belonging to Salem, the ton-\\nnage of which was 14,272 tons.\\nSalem became a city in 1836. Its\\ngovernment consists of a mayor and\\nsix aldermen, and tv/enty-four com-\\nmon council men. Its public schools\\nare nineteen. The number of schol-\\nars in 1837, was 1,534, and the\\namount paid for instruction ^8,877.\\nThe AthencBum was incorporated\\nin 1810. Edward A. Holyoke,\\nWilliam Orne, Nathaniel Silsbee\\nand Samuel Putnam were authoris-\\ned to call the first meeting of the\\nproprietors. The stock is divided\\ninto 90 or 100 shares. Its library\\ncontains about 9,000 volumes. The\\ninstitution, though at present rather\\nprivate, may ultimately become\\nmore public.\\nThe Museum is remarkable for the\\nextent and variety of its natural and\\nartificial curiosities, collected from\\nalmost every part of the world.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0387.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThere are 4,721 names of different\\narticles on the catalogue they are\\nkept in a spacious hall built for that\\npurpose, and belong to the East In-\\ndia Marine society. This society\\nconsists of such only as have actu-\\nally navigated the seas near the\\nCape of Good Hope or Cape Horn,\\nas inris eror factor, in 1823, there\\nwere l(jO of these enterprising men\\nliving in Salem. The hail is open\\ndaily for the reception of visitors,and\\nvast numbers of strangers thi-ong\\nthere. All come with an eager and\\nexcited curiosity, and leave with\\nthat curiosity at least gratified, if\\nnot satisfied.\\nThe commerce of Salem is very\\nextended. There is hardly any part\\nof the world which her ships have\\nnot visited. The number of ves-\\nsels, engaged in foreign commerce,\\nis 100 or more, and 18 in the whal-\\ning business, beside the vessels em-\\nployed in the coasting trade and fish-\\nez-y. Tonnage of the district in\\n1837, 32,800 tons.\\nMany of the wharves bear the\\nnames of their builders and owners:\\nas the Allen, Derby, Peabody, For-\\nester and Phillips wharf. This last\\nwas recently re-built by Stephen\\nC. Phillips, on the ruins of the old\\nCrowninshield wharf, which had\\nbecome dilapidated and useless. It\\nis an admirable piece of work.\\nAlthough Salem is without any\\nimportant water power, and has ev-\\ner been almost exclusively devoted\\nto maritime pursuits, yet its manu-\\nfacturing interests are by no means\\nsmall. During the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, the value of its man-\\nufactures amounted to $1,471,889.\\nThey consisted of vessels, cordage,\\nleather, boots, shoes, hats, tin and\\ncabinet wares, chairs, spirits white,\\nsheet and pipe lead, carriages, straw\\nbonnets, sperm candles, tobacco,\\nalum, saltpetre refined, aquafortis,\\nmuriatic acid,oil of vitriol, c. The\\nvalue of its whale, cod and mack-\\nerel fisheries, the same year,\\namounted to $210,843.\\nThe Aqueduct furnishes the city\\nwith a constant supply of fresh\\nand soft spring water.\\nThe fire department is under good\\nregulations. Some of the societies\\nin the city are the East India Ma-\\nrine society, incorporated in 1801\\nthe E. I. M. Hall Corporation, in\\n1824; the Salem Charitable Me-\\nchanic Association, instituted in\\n1817, and incorporated, in 1822 the\\nEssex Historical Society, in\\n1821, and the Salem Lyceum,\\nwhich was formed in 1830\\nThe Common was reserved as\\na training field for the use of Sa-\\nlem, in 1713. It is a beautiful, lev-\\nel spot of giound, surrounded by a\\ndouble row of elm and other orna-\\nmental trees, and is designed to\\nhave a gravel walk around it. The\\nalms house formerly stood upon it,\\nbut it is now entirely unencumber-\\ned.\\nThe City Hall was built in 1837.\\nIt has a beautiful granite front, and\\nis handsomely finished and furnish-\\ned within.\\nThe Rail-Road from Salem to\\nBoston, was opened for travel, Au-\\ngust 28, 1838 thus making Salem,\\nas it were, a part of Boston. The\\nfirst stage between these cities was\\nrun by Ezra Burrill, in 1782. It\\nwent to Boston one day and return-\\ned to Salem the next. Now the dis-\\ntance can be easily passed over in\\n50 minutes; and at the same time,\\nthe traveller will ride rapidly\\nthrough a beautiful and picturesque\\ncountry. See Register.\\nAmong the distinguished men, in\\nalmost every profession, which Sa-\\nlem claims as among its sons, the\\nname of Nathaniel Bowditch,\\nLL. D.,F. R. S.,authorofthe Prac-\\ntical JVavigator, is identified with\\nits fame and nautical achievements.\\nDr. Bowditch was born at Salem,\\nMarch 26, 1773. He was taken\\nfrom school at the age of 10 years\\nand placed as an apprentice to a\\nship chandler. At the age of 22", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0388.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhe went to sea and spent nine years\\nin the capacity of captain s clerk,\\nsupercargo, and finally as master of\\na ship. In 1804, he became presi-\\ndent of a Marine Insurance Com-\\npany, in Salem, which office he held\\nuntil 1S23, when his superior talents\\ncalled him to !)ecom8 Actuary of the\\nMassachusetts Hospital Life Insur-\\nance Company, in Boston the re-\\nsponsible and laborious duties of\\nwhich olfice he faithfully discharg-\\ned until his death, March 16, 1S3S.\\nNotwithstanding his limited means\\nof education. Dr. Bowditch acquir-\\ned, by his extraordinary genius and\\neconomy of time, a perfect knowl-\\nedge of all the modern languages,\\nand became the most eminent math-\\nematician and astronomer in Amer-\\nica. The Practical JVavigator, has\\nbeen translated into every Europe-\\nan language, and its use is co-exten-\\nsive with maritime adventures.\\nAnother work of Dr. Bowditch,\\nplaces his name, as a man of science,\\nstill higher on the roil of fame. It\\nis his translation of the Jilecanique\\nCeleste of La Place, with an elab-\\norate and copious commentary on\\nthat work, in four large quarto vol-\\numes. This work was completed\\njust before his death.\\nThe last hours of such a man as\\nDr. Bowditch, cannot fiiil to be in-\\nteresting, as they mark his charac-\\nter through life. A friend of his\\nwho was present, says, lie did not\\nlike to see those about him look sad\\nand gloomy and he remarked, on\\none occasion, I feel no gloom with-\\nin me why should you wear it in\\nyour faces r On the morning of\\nhis death, when his sight was very\\ndim and his voice almost gone, he\\ncalled his children to his bed side,\\nand, arranging them in the order\\nof age, pointed to and addressed\\neach by name, You see I can dis-\\ntinguish you all and now I give\\nyou my parting blessing. The time\\nis come. Lord, now lettest thou\\nthy servant depart in peace, accor-\\nding to thy word These were his\\nlast words.\\nSalem, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town was\\ntaken from the towns of Colchester,\\nLyme and Montville; but the prin-\\ncipal part from Colchester, and in-\\ncorporated in 1819. It comprises\\nan area of six by five miles of fer-\\ntile and productive land. The in-\\nhabitants are generally good farm-\\ners, who live scattered about on\\ntheir farms. Population, 1830, 958.\\nSalem is well watered by small\\nstreams, and is bounded on the N.\\nE. by a large and beautiful pond.\\nIt lies 29 miles S. E. from Hartford,\\nand 13 N. W. from New London.\\nSalisbury, K H.,\\nMerrimack co., lies 15 miles N.\\nfrom Concord. Black water i-iver\\npasses through the W. part of Salis-\\nbury. There are 5 bridges across\\nthis stream in this town. The soil\\nof the upland is strong, deep and\\nloamy the hilly land affords some\\nfine tracts of tillage, but chiefly\\nabounds in excellent pasturage. On\\nBlackwater river, there is some ve-\\nry fertile intervale, which united\\nwith the adjacent hilly land, com-\\nposes several very valuable farms.\\nA considerable portion of Kearsargc\\nmountain ranges within the bounds\\nof Salisbury, the N. W. corner\\nbound of \\\\vhich extends nearly to\\nthe summit. There are two very\\npleasant villages in this town, situ-\\nated on the 4th N. H. turnpike\\nabout 1 1-2 miles apart.\\nSalisbury was incorporated by\\ncharter from the government of N.\\nH., March 1, 1763, when it took\\nthe name ofSalisbury.lt was settled\\nas early as 1750. The first settlers\\nwere Philip Call, Nathaniel Meloon,\\nBenjamin Pettcngill, John and Eb-\\nenezer Webster, Andrew Bohon-\\nnon, Edward Eastman, and others.\\nThe first inhabitants experiencod\\nthe inroads of the Indians. On the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0389.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n16th of May, 1753, Nathaniel Me-\\nloon, living in the W. part of the\\ntown, was captured, together with\\nhis wife, and three children, viz\\nSarah, Rachel, and Daniel. They\\nwere carried to Canada, where he\\nand his wife were sold to the French\\nin Montreal. The three children\\nwere kept by the Indian*.\\nAfter the parents had resided\\nin Montreal about a year and a\\nhalf, they had a son born, who was\\nbaptized by a French friar by the\\nname of Joseph Mary. Mr. Me-\\nloon returned from captivity after\\nfour years and a half, to his farm in\\nSalisbury. Sarah died with the In-\\ndians. Rachel, who was 9 years\\nold when captured, returned after\\n9 years. She had become much\\nattached to the Indians, was about\\nto be married to Peter Louis, son of\\nCol. Louis, of Cognawaga. She\\nhad the habits, and acted like an\\nIndian, understood the Indian lan-\\nguage and could sing their songs.\\nHon. Ebenezer Webster was\\none of the early settlers; a patiiot\\nof the revolution an officer of the\\nmilitia for several years a senator\\nin the legislature, and a judge of\\nthe court of common pleas till his\\ndeath in 180G. He was the father\\nof the Hon. Ezexiel and Dan-\\niel, Webster, names well known\\nthroughout the country. Popula-\\ntion, in 1S30, 1,379.\\nSalisbury, Vt.\\nAddison co. The widow of Amos\\nStory, with S or 10 small children,\\nwas the first family that made Salis-\\nbury a permanent residence. She\\ncame here in 1775, and endured\\nevery hardship incident to the life\\nof a pioneer; chopping down tim-\\nber, clearing the land, laboring in\\nthe field, and sleeping in a cavern.\\nMr. Story, Avas killed by the falling\\nof a tree previous to the removal\\nof his family. The proprietors gave\\nMrs. Story 100 acres of land for\\nher manly conduct. The soil of\\nthe town is generally good it con-\\ntains some rough land, and some\\nexcellent meadows. It is watered\\nby Otter Creek, Middlebury and\\nLeicester rivers. The latter river\\natfords a good water power, which\\npropels a number of valuable manu-\\nfacturing establishments. Leices-\\nter river is the outlet of Lake Dun-\\nmore, a fine sheet of water, about\\nfour miles in length, and three\\nfourths of a mile in width. This\\nlake lies in Leicester and Salisbu-\\nry. There is a pleasant and flour-\\nishing village in the town, and a\\nlarge cavern supposed to have been\\nan Indian lodging place. Salisbu-\\nry lies 34 miles S. W. from Mont-\\npeiier, and is bounded N. by Mid-\\ndlebury. Population, 1830, 907.\\nSalisbury, Mass.\\nEssex CO. In 1633, this town\\nwas granted, by the name of Mer-\\nrimack, to be a plantation, unto Si-\\nmon Bradstieet, Daniel Dennison,\\nand others. The year following it\\nwas incorporated by the name of\\nColchester, and in 1640 assumed, by\\ndirection of the then general court,\\nthe name of Salisbury. It is seven\\nby three miles in extent, and is\\nbounded southerly by the river\\nMerrimack, westerly by Pov/ow\\nriver, which divides it from the\\ntown of Amesbury, northerly by\\nthe New Hampshire line, which\\nseparates it from the towns of South\\nHampton and Seabrook, and easter-\\nly by the sea.\\nIn 1G43, the plantation in New\\nHampshire, viz. Hampton, Exeter,\\nPortsmouth and Dover, were united\\nto Massachusetts, and, together\\nwith Salisbury and Haverhill, form-\\ned into a new and distinct county,\\ncalled Norfolk, of which Salisbury\\nwas the shire tov/n, and so contin-\\nued to the year 1679, when New\\nHampshire was again separated and\\nformed into a royal government. In\\nAugust, 1737, commissioners, ap-\\npointed by the crown, met at Hamp-\\nton falls, for the purpose of settling\\na controversy, respecting the boun-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0390.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ndary line, which had long subsisted\\nbetween the two governments of\\nMassachusetts and New Hamp-\\nshire. On this occasion the gener-\\nal court of New Hampshire con-\\nvened at Hampton, and that of\\nMassachusetts at Salisbury. Salis-\\nbury is distant from Newburyport,\\n4 miles, from Haverhill 12, from Ex-\\neter, N, H. 10, and from Portsmouth\\n20. Population, in 1837, 2,675.\\nThere are two considerable vil-\\nlages in Salisbury the largest is at\\nthe westerly part of the town, up-\\non Powow river at the head of tide\\nwater. The village is divided by\\nsaid river into two pretty equal\\nparts, one in Salisbury, the other\\nin Amesbury. In that part of the\\nvillage that lies in Salisbury, are\\ntwo flannel factories, one 200 feet\\nlong and .50 feet wide, the other 100\\nfeet by 40 feet. The establishment\\nis called, the Salisbury Manufac-\\nturing Coi-poration. Capital $500,-\\n000. There is also in this village\\na large tannery, and manufactures\\nof cotton goods, shoes, combs, boats,\\nwherries and molasses casks.\\nThe other village is pleasantly\\nsituated on the bank of the Merri-\\nmack, on a point of land formed by\\nthe junction of that river with the\\nPowow and is generally known by\\nthe distinctive name of IVehstcr s\\nPoint. Shipbuilding long has been,\\nand still is, a principal branch of\\nbusiness in this place and its char-\\nacter is well established for build-\\ning excellent vessels. There are\\nnow nine sail of vessels owned in\\nthis village and employed paitly in\\nthe coasting trade, and partly in the\\ncod and mackerel fishery.\\nThe annual product of the man-\\nufactures of Salisbury, including\\nvessels, and of the tishery, is about\\n$500,000.\\nSalisbury and Amesbury are fine-\\nly located for business; the villages\\nare neat and the scenery around\\nthem very pleasant. Salisbitry\\nBeach is noted for its beauty, and\\nis much frequented.\\n32\\nSalisbury) Ct.\\nLitchfield co. The Housatonick\\nand Salmon rivers give this town a\\ngreat and constant water power.\\nThe surface of Salisbury is formed\\nof lofty elevations and deep val-\\nleys but the soil is excellent for\\nall sorts of grain and pasturage.\\nThe valleys are generally lime-\\nstone, and the hills granite. The\\nnumber of sheep kept here in 1837,\\nwas 8,999.\\nSalisbury Centre, a pleasant\\nvillage, is 53 miles N. W. from\\nNew Haven, 50 W. N. W. from\\nHartford, 22 N. W. from Litchfield,\\nand 34 N. W. by Vv. from Hudson,\\nN. Y. Population, 1830, 2,580.\\nThe Indian name of the town was\\nWeatog. It was first settled by\\nthe whites in 1720.\\nSalisbury has long been celebra-\\nted for its excellent iron ore and\\niron manufactures. The guns on\\nboard our favorite frigate, Old\\nIron Sides, used by Truxton in\\nthe capture of the L Insurgente,\\nwere made at the old furnace in\\nSalisbury.\\nThe Old Ore Hill, two miles\\nwest of Wanscopommuc lake, has\\nbeen worked since the year 1732.\\nWithin the last 10 or 15 years, from\\nfive to six thousand tons of ore have\\nbeen dug annually. The ore is\\nsold at the mine for $3 a ton. One\\ndollar and twenty-five cents is paid\\nto the proprietor of the mine, and\\nthe residue to the miner. The first\\nfurnace in Salisbury was erected in\\n1762, at the outlet of Wanscop-\\nommuc, by S. and E. Forbes, Mr.\\nHazeltine, and Ethan Allen, the\\nhero of Ticonderoga. A large\\namount of cannon, balls, and bomb-\\nshells were manufactured here dur-\\ning the revolutionary war.\\nThe large and inexhaustible quan-\\ntities of iron ore found in Salisbury,\\nand the abundant supply of wood\\nfor charcoal, and other materials\\nnecessary for smelting the ore, to-\\ngether with the superior quality", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0391.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof iron, introduced other manufac-\\ntures and iron has continued from\\nthat time the staple commodity of\\nthe town. There are at present\\nin Salisbury, 4 blast furnaces, 5\\nforges, with 20 fires, 2 puddling\\nestablishments, 1 screw shop, 1\\nanchor shop, 2 scythe manufacto-\\nries, 1 hoe manufactory, 2 trip ham-\\nmers, 2 cupola or pocket furnaces,\\nfor small castings.\\nFrom five to six hundred thousand\\nbushels of charcoal are annually\\nconsumed at the different establish-\\nments. The puddling furnaces re-\\nquire from two to three thousand\\nords ol wood annually. The num-\\nber of workmen employed in the\\ndifferent processes of preparing the\\nmaterial and manufacturing the iron,\\namount in all to about five hun-\\ndred men. The furnaces produce\\nannually from two thousand to two\\nthousand five hundred tons of pig\\niron. The forges and puddling es-\\ntablishments annually produce from\\none thousand two hundred to one\\nthousand five hundred tons of\\nwrought iron, which is used for an-\\nchors, car axletrees, musket bar-\\nrels, and various other kinds of\\ndrafts. The Salisbury iron ore is\\nthe brown hematite, and yields\\nabout forty per cent of pig iron.\\nIt is well known to manufacturers,\\nand stands as fair in the market as\\nany other iron in the country.\\nSalmon Rivers.\\nSalmon river, in Maine, is a trib-\\nutary to the Penobscot, of about 30\\nmiles in length. Its course is S.,\\nand falls into the Penobscot about 4\\nmiles below the union of the east-\\nern and western branches of that\\nriver.\\nSalmon Fall river, Maine and\\nJVew Hampshire. See Piscata-\\nqua. In this river, between Ro-\\nchester and Lebanon, Maine, is a\\nfall, which, from its singularity,\\ndeserves notice. The river is con-\\nfined between two rocks, about 25\\nfeet high, the breadth at the top of\\nthe bank not more than three rods.\\nIt is called the flume, and is about\\nfour rods in length, its breadth va-\\nrying from two and one half feet to\\nless than one foot but here the\\nwater has a subterraneous passage.\\nIn the rocks are many cavities from\\none to seven feet in diameter, most-\\nly cylindrical, and from one to four\\nfeet in depth.\\nSalmon Brook. See JVashua,\\nJV. H.\\nSalmon river, Connecticut. This\\nbeautiful mill stream has its source\\nin the high lands in Tolland coun-\\nty, and passing south, receiving in\\nits course many valuable tributa-\\nries, it meets the Connecticut at\\nEast Haddam, producing a beauti-\\nful cataract. There is a river of\\nthis name in Salisbury, Ct.\\nSanboriitoii, N. II.,\\nStrafford co., has New Hampton\\nand Meredith on the N.,Gilmanton\\nE. and S. E., Franklin S. and W.,\\nand is 20 miles N. from Concord,\\n60 N. W. from Portsmouth, and 9\\nW. from Gilford.\\nThe bay between Sanbornton and\\nMeredith is 3 miles in width. There\\nare no rivers or ponds of magnitude\\nin this town. Salmon Brook pond,\\nin the N. part, and a brook of the\\nsame name, its outlet, are the only\\nones worth mentioning. This brook\\npasses through the N. W. part of\\nthe town, and affords several mill\\nsites.\\nSanbornton presents an uneven\\nsurface, but contains no mountains.\\nThe highest hills, with one or two\\nexceptions, admit of cultivation.\\nThe soil is almost universally good,\\nand well rewards the labor of pa-\\ntient industry. There is a gulf in\\nthis town extending nearly a mile\\nthrough very hard rocky ground,\\n3S feet in depth, the walls from 80\\nto 100 feet asunder, and the sides\\nso nearly corresponding as to favor\\nan opinion that they were once uni-\\nted. There is also a cavern in the\\ndeclivity of a hill, which may be", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0392.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nentered in a horizontal direction to\\nthe distance of 20 feet. This town\\nwas once the residence of a power-\\nful tribe of Indians, or at least a\\nplace where they resorted for de-\\nI eacc. On the Winnepisiogee, at\\nthe head of Little hay, are found\\nthe remains of an ancient tortifica-\\ntion. It consisted of six walls, one\\nextending along the river, and across\\na point of land into the bay, and\\nthe others in right angles, con-\\nnected by a circular wall in the\\nrear. Traces of these walls are\\nyet to be seen, though most of the\\nstones, c. of which they were\\ncomposed have been removed to the\\ndam thrown across the river at this\\nplace. Within the fort have been\\nfound numbers of Indian relics, im-\\nplements, ,c., and also on an island\\nin the bay. When the first settlers\\nof Sanbornton arrived, these walls\\nwere breast high, and large oaks\\nwere growing within their enclos-\\nure.\\nThis town was settled in 1765\\nand 1766, by John Sanborn, David\\nDuston, Andrew Rowen and oth-\\ners. It was incorporated in 1770.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,866.\\nSantlgate, Vt.\\nBennington co. The people of\\nthis town are favored with moun-\\ntain air, and with crystal streams\\nwhich even the Bostonians might\\nrelish. Shettarack and Bald moun-\\ntains are in the N. W. part of the\\ntown Spruce and Equinox are in\\nthe N. E. Red mountain is in the\\nS. E., and Swearing hill in the S.\\nW. Between these elevations is\\nsome good land, which produces\\ngrass and grain and which, with\\nthe mountain browse, affords feed\\nfor more than 7,000 sheep. Sand-\\ngate was chartered in 1761. It is\\n20 miles N. from Bennington, and\\n31 S. by W. from Rutland. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 933.\\nSaudisfield, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is an eleva-\\nted township at the S. E. corner of\\nthe county, on the line of Connec\\nticut. It is watered by a pleasant\\nstream, a branch of Farmington riv\\ner. The soil is generally good,\\nparticularly for pasturage. Consid-\\ncble wool is grown in this town,\\nand a laige amo int of leather tan-\\nned. Sandisfield is 124 miles W. by\\nS. from Boston, 18 S. E. by S, from\\nLenox, and 38 E. from Hudson, N.\\nY. Incorporated, 1762. Population,\\n1837, 1,493.\\ngaudoAvu, IV. II.}\\nRockingham co., is bounded N.\\nby Chester and Poplin, E. by Dan-\\nville, S. by Hampstead, W. by\\nChester and Londonderry. It is 31\\nmiles S. E. from Concord, and 26\\nS. W\\\\ from Portsmouth. The sur-\\nface of this town is rather uneven,\\nbut the soil in general is well ad-\\napted to the production of grain and\\ngrass. Phillip s pond, lying in the\\nS. part of the town, is the largest,\\nbeing about 340 rods long, 200 wide.\\nAngle pond, in the S. E. part of\\nthis town, is about 200 rods long,\\nand 90 or 100 wide. There are sev-\\neral other smaller ponds. Squam-\\nscot river flows from Phillip s pond,\\nand pursues a nearly level course\\nfor 1 1-2 miles, where another\\nstream unites with it from this\\njunction, whenever the waters are\\nhigh, the current passes back with\\nconsiderable force towards the pond.\\nThe settlement of Sandown was\\ncommenced about the year 1736,\\nby Moses Tucker, and others.\\nThe town was originally a part of\\nKingston, and was incorporated,\\n1756. Population, in 1830, 553.\\nSaudwicli, TH. II.\\nStrafford co. Sandwich is 70\\nmiles N. N. W. from Portsmouth,\\nand about 50 N. from Concord. This\\ntown was originally granted by\\nGov. Benning Wentworth, in 1763,\\nand comprised 6 miles square. On\\nthe 5th Sept. 1764, upon the repre-\\nsentation of the grantees that the", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0393.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nN. and W. sides thereof were so\\nloaded with inaccessible mountains\\nand shelves of rocks as to be unin-\\nhabitable an additional grant was\\nmade of territory on the E. and S.,\\ncalled Smidwich Addition. Sand-\\nwich mountains are a lofty range\\nextending N. E. and terminating in\\nChocorua Peak in Albany. Squam\\nmountain, extending from Holder-\\nness through a corner of Campton\\ninto Sandwich, is of considerable\\nheight. There are other mountains.\\nThe Bearcamp river, its branches\\nrising in the mountains N. and W.,\\npasses E. into Tarn worth. The W.\\nbranch passes through Bearcamp\\npond. There is another pond not\\nfar distant from this, from which is-\\nsues Red Hill river, passing S. into\\nthe Winnepisiogee lake. A small\\nstream passes Vv. into the Pemige-\\nwasset river. About one fourth of\\nSquam lake lies in the S. W. corner\\nof Sandwich. This is a flourishing\\ntown with a number of mills. Thir-\\nty thousand pounds of maple sugar\\nwas made here in the spring of\\n1838. Population, 1830, 2,744.\\nSaudAvicIi, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. This town is ve-\\nry pleasantly situated on the shoul-\\nder of Cape Cod, 12 miles S. W.\\nfrom Bai-nstable, 30 E. from New\\nBedford, and 53 S. E. from Boston.\\nIncorporated, 1639. Population,\\n1830,3,367; 1837, 3,579. Sand-\\nwich is watered by a number of\\nstreams which afford a good water\\npower; and by numerous ponds,\\n\u00c2\u00abome of which are large, affording\\na variety of excellent fish. The\\nforests afford an abundance of deer,\\nand to the lovers of rural sports,\\nSandwich and the neighboring\\ntowns of Barnstable and Falmouth\\nhave justly become favorite resorts.\\nThe value of the manufactures of\\nthe town for the year ending April\\n1, 1837, amounted to $382,248.\\nThey consisted of glass, ($300,000)\\nleather, nails, vessels, salt, iron cas-\\ntings, stoves, c. The value of\\nthe New England crown glass has\\nbeen fully tested and found to be\\nas clear and stronger than any oth-\\ner now in use. Sandwich has a good\\nharbor, and about 20 sail of coasting\\nand fishing vessels.\\nIt is proposed to unite Massachu\\nsetts and Bi zzard s bays by a ship\\ncanal through this town, the dis-\\ntance is five miles and the route\\nlevel. A glancs at Mr. Hale s ex-\\ncellent map of New England, shows\\nmost conclusively, the immense ad-\\nvantages to be derived by such a\\nwork.\\nSandy Bay, Mai\u00c2\u00bb%.\\nSee Gloucester.\\nSandy Point, Mass.\\nThe most northern extremity of\\nNantucket Island, on which is a\\nlight, 60 feet in height.\\nSandy River, Me.\\nThis valuable mill stream re-\\nceiver, its head waters in the coun-\\nty of Franklin, near Saddleback\\nmountain, and in a winding course\\nthrough the southern part of that\\ncounty it enters Somerset county\\naud mingles with the Kennebec at\\nStarks, 37 miles above Augusta.\\nSandy river is a fertilizing stream;\\nit receives a number of tributaries,\\nand waters a beautiful portion of\\nthe state. Its length is about 45\\nmiles.\\nSan ford. Me.\\nYork CO. Sanford is watered by\\nMousum river; it has a good water\\npower, and an establishment for the\\nmanufacture and printing of cotton\\ngoods. Incorporated, 1768. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 2,324. It is 94 miles\\nS. W. from Augusta, 35 W. S. W.\\nfrom Portland, and is bounded S.\\nW, by Alfred\\nSangerville, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This beautiful\\nand thriving town is not mountain-\\nous, but it is so elevated between\\nPenobscot and Kennebec rivers tha*", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0394.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe waters of its ponds meet the\\nocean by both of those streams.\\nSangerville is 70 miles N. W. from\\nAugusta, and is bounded by Dover\\non the W. Incorporated, 1814.\\nPopulation, I.S37, 1,115. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 10,792 bushels.\\nSaugatuck. River^ Ct.\\nSee Westport.\\nSaugus, Mass.\\nEssex CO. Saugus was taken from\\nLynn in 1815, and derives its name\\nfrom the Indian name of the river\\nwhich passes through it. That\\nriver is exceedingly crooked in its\\ncourse, and forms large tracts of\\nmeadow. The uplands are uneven\\nand rocky. It lies 10 miles S. W.\\nfrom Salem, and 9 N. by E. from\\nBoston. Population, 1837, 1,123.\\nThe value of the manufactures\\nof Saugus, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, was about $200,000. They\\nconsisted of shoes, (.$150,000) choco-\\nlate, morocco leather, snuff, cigars,\\nbricks, wool cleaning, and silk and\\nwoolen dyeing.\\nSavoy, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. Savoy is an eleva-\\nted township, and gives rise to\\nbranches of Deerfield and Hoosack\\nrivers. The land is generally good,\\nand pastures a considerable number\\nof sheep. It lies 125 miles W. N.\\nW. from Boston, and 20 N. N. E.\\nfrom Lenox. Incorporated, 1797.\\nPopulation, 1837, 917.\\nSaybroolc, Ct.\\nMiddlesex co. This is one of\\nthe most ancient towns in the state.\\nLord Say and Seal, Lord Brook and\\nother gentlemen in England, dis-\\nsatisfied with the govej-nment of\\nCharles I., contemplating a removal\\nto this country, procured, in 1632,\\nof Robert, Earl of Warwick, a pa-\\ntent of all the country which lies\\nwest from Narraganset river, a\\nhundred and twenty miles on the\\nsea coast; and from thence in lati-\\n32*\\ntude and breadth aforesaid, to the\\nSouth Sea. In 1635, they ap-\\npointed Mr. John Winthrop, a son\\nof the governor of Massachusetts,\\nto build a fort on Connecticut river,\\nand appointed him governor for one\\nyear.\\nIn the summer of 1639, Colonel\\nGeorge Fenwick,one of the paten-\\ntees, arrived from England, and in\\nhonor of Lord Say and Seal, and\\nLord Brook, gave the tract about\\nthe mouth of Connecticut river, the\\nname of Saybrook. Colonel Fen-\\nwick superintended the affairs of the\\ncolony until 1644, when, his associ-\\nates having relinquished the design\\nof removal to America, sold tiie ju-\\nrisdiction of Saybrook to the Con-\\nnecticut colony.\\nThe original limits of the town\\nextended upon the east side of the\\nriver for several miles, and included\\na part of the town of Lyme. Tlfe\\ntownship now comprises three par-\\nishes, viz Saybrook, Westbrook,\\nand Essex. Saybrook parish is the\\nsoutheast section of the town. The\\nIndian name for this place was Pat-\\ntaqnasset. West of this is West-\\nbrook parish, which w^as called by\\nits Indian name Pochaiig, until Oc-\\ntober, 1810. North of these two\\nparishes is Pautapoug or Essex.\\nSaybrook is upwards of 7 miles\\nin length from north to south, and\\naverages more than 6 in breadth.\\nThe greater part of the township is\\nuneven and stony. There are,\\nhowever, some extensive levels,\\nand tracts of rich soil, particularly\\nin the vicinity of Saybrook village,\\nin the southern part of the town.\\nSome of the hills, near Connecticut\\nriver, have good granite quarries.\\nThere are several small harbors on\\nthe Sound, and on Connecticut riv-\\ner, at Saybrook point and Pauta-\\npoug. The bar at the mouth of the\\nConnecticut is an impediment to\\nnavigation; vessels of a moderate\\ndraught are often obliged to pass it\\nwith part of their cargoes. The\\ndepth of water at the bar, at spring", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0395.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntides, is about twelve feet. Say-\\nbrook harbor is at the mouth of a\\nhandsome cove, making up from\\nConnecticut river, and extending\\nwest almost to Saybrook village. It\\nis often resorted to by coasters in bad\\nweather. To this place the river\\nis open through the winter, and it is\\nhere that vessels are frequently\\nlaid up, and goods deposited, while\\nthe river is frozen over above.\\nLarge quantities of fish are taken\\nin this town. The shad fisheries\\nare numerous, and a source of con-\\nsiderable wealth. Connecticut riv-\\ner shad are considered superior to\\nany other in this country. White\\nfish are taken upon the shores of\\nthe Sound, and are very valuable\\nfor the purposes of manure. They\\nare afforded at a cheap rate the\\nlightest soils, enriched by them,\\nhave produced forty bushels of rye\\nto the acre, and they have an equal-\\nly advantageous effect upon the\\ngrowth of corn and potatoes.\\nSaybrook village is 40 miles S.\\nS. E. from Hartford, 34 E. from\\nNew Haven, and 18 \\\\V. from New\\nLondon. Population, 1830, 5,018.\\nBesides the business in naviga-\\ntion, the fishery, ship building and\\nquarrying of stone, there are many\\nmanufacturing establishments in\\nthe several villages in this town.\\nAmong the articles manufactured,\\nare augers, gimlets, hammers, steel\\ncarriage springs, ivory and iron\\ncombs, ink stands, sand boxes, ,c.\\nThe Borough of Essex is about\\n7 miles from the mouth of Connec-\\nticut river, on the west side. It is\\na place of considerable commerce,\\nnavigation and ship building, with\\na population of about 1,000.\\nShip building was commenced in\\n1740, on the Pochaug, and is still\\na leading branch of business in the\\nplace. There are at present about\\n15 vessels owned here, principally\\ncoasters. It is estimated that there\\nare 1,200 inhabitants in its limits.\\nSaybrook point is a peninsula,\\ncircular in its form, and connected\\nwith the main land by a narrow\\nneck, over which the tide some-\\ntimes flows. From this place to\\nthe fort, on the eastern extremity\\nof the peninsula, the distance is\\nabout one mile. On the neck, a\\npalisado was anciently formed from\\nthe river to the cove, to secure Say-\\nbrook point from any sudden incur-\\nsion of the Indians. The soil oa\\nthe peninsula is light and sandy,\\nand the elevation of the highest\\npart is about twenty feet. Being\\nnearly destitute of trees and shrub-\\nbery, it presents to the beholder a\\nbleak and naked aspect.\\nThe land on the point was laid\\nout with care, as it was expected to\\nbecome the residence of great men,\\nand the centre of great business\\nand wealth. It is said that Oliver\\nCromwell, with other men then\\nequally distinguished, actually em-\\nbarked in the Thames, to occupy\\nthis ground. Westward of the fort\\na square was laid out, on which it\\nwas intended houses should be erect-\\ned for Cromwell, Pymm, Hasselrig,\\nand Hampden, the most illustrious\\nCommoners in the English annals,\\nwho were expected from Europe\\nwhile a square still further west\\nwas reserved for public uses.\\nAbout half way between the\\npalisado was erected the first build-\\ning designed for the collegiate\\nscliool, since named Yale College.\\nThis institution was founded in 1700,\\nand remained at Saybrook 17 years.\\nThe building was one story in height,\\nand about eighty feet in length.\\nSome remains of the cellar, over\\nwhich the ploughshare has passed,\\nare still visible. Fifteen com-\\nmencements were held at Saybrook.\\nMore than sixty young men were\\ngraduated, most of whom entered\\nthe ministry, and some of them be-\\ncame characters of distinguished\\nusefulness and excellence. To\\neducate young men of piety and\\ntalents for the ministry, was the\\nleading design of this institution.\\nIt was desired by the founders and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0396.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nothers, that the churches should\\nhave a public standard or confession\\nof faith, agreeable to which the in-\\nstruction of the college should be\\nconducted. This led to the adop-\\ntion of the Sayhrook Platform,\\nafter the commencement iu 170S.\\nDavid Gardiner, was the first\\nwhite child born in Connecticut.\\nThe following was written upon a\\nblank leaf of an old bible, in pos-\\nsgssion of John G. Gardiner, Esqr.,\\nof Gardiner s Island, N. Y.\\nIn the ye-AY of our Lord, 1635,\\nthe 10th of July, came I, Lion Gar-\\ndiner and Mary my wife from Wor-\\nden, a town in Holland, where my\\nwife was born, being the daughter\\nof one Diricke Willemson deureant\\nher mother s name was Hachir,\\nand her aunt, sister of her mother,\\nwas the wife of Wouter Leanerd-\\nson, old burger Muster, dwelling\\nin the hostrade, over against the\\nBruser in the Unicorne s head her\\nbrother s name was Punce Garret-\\nson, also old burger Muster. We\\ncame from Worden to London, and\\nfrom thence to New England, and\\ndwelt at Saybrook fort four years\\nit is at the mouth of Connecticut\\nriver of which I was commander,\\nand there was boi-n unto me a son,\\nnamed David, 1635, the 29th of\\nApril, the first born in that place,\\nand 1638 a daughter was born,\\nnamed Mary, SOth of August, and\\nthen I went to an island oi^ my own,\\nwhich I had bought and purchased\\nof the Indians, called by them Mon-\\nchonack, by us Isle of Wight, and\\nthere was born another daughter,\\nnamed Elizabeth, the 14th Septem-\\nber, 1641, she being the first child\\nof English parents that was born\\nthere.\\nSaybrook is a very pleasant town,\\nand full of interesting associations.\\nS xtou s River, Vt.,\\nIs formed in Grafton, Windham\\ncounty, traverses an eastern course\\nabout 10 miles, and falls into the\\nConnecticut at Rockingham. It\\nis an excellent mill stream, and\\nderived its name from a Mr. Sax-\\nton, who was drowned near its\\nmouth.\\nScantic River, Ct\u00c2\u00ab\\nSee East Windsor.\\nScarborougli, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town lies\\n105 miles N. E. from Boston, and\\n60 S. W. from Augusta. It con-\\ntains 30,634 acres of land, and a\\npopulation of 2,244.\\nA part of this town, called Black\\npoint, lying upon the sea, was\\ngranted by the council of Plym-\\nouth to Thomas Cammock, in 1631\\nthis was soon after settled, and be-\\ncame of considerable importance on\\nthe coast in the fisheries and trade.\\nThe land is held under that ancient\\ngrant at the present day. Another\\nsettlement was early made by a\\nfamily of Algers, from England,\\nnear the centre of the town, and\\ncalled Duastan corner, which name\\nit still bears. This was wholly de-\\nstroyed in the Indian war of 1675.\\nIt was, however, revived by a de-\\nscendant in the female line, through\\nwhom that race is still perpetua-\\nted.\\nScarborough is principally an ag-\\nricultural town, for which purpose\\nit furnishes some rich soil, and has\\na large quantity of salt marsh.\\nShip building, however, continues\\nto be pursued here, although not to\\nthe extent it formerly was. Nou-\\nsuck river passes through the whole\\nlength of the town. Its present\\nname was given to it in 1658, when\\nit submitted to the government of\\nJNIassachusetts previously the east-\\nern side of the river and Marsh\\nwas called Black point, and the\\nwestern. Blue point, names which\\nare still in familiar use.\\nThis town has the honor of being\\nthe birth place of the distinguished\\nstatesman Rufus King, and his\\nhalf brother, William King,\\nthe first governor of Maine.", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0397.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSclioodic IJakes, Me.\\nThese are large collections of\\nwater, of very irregular form, uni-\\nted together, by boatable passages,\\nlying principally in Washington\\ncounty, but extending west into the\\ncounty of Penobscot. Their out-\\nlet is by a large stream of the same\\nname, into the river Saint Croix,\\non the west side, of about 9 miles\\nin length. These lakes cover a\\nlarge surface, they are naviga-\\nble for large boats, and their bor-\\nders, and indeed the whole country\\naround them, are densely wooded.\\nVast quantities of timber and lum-\\nber descend from these watei-s to the\\nSt. Andrews, Eastport and Lubec\\nmarkets, on the Passamaquoddy.\\nScitiiate, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This town, the\\nIndian Satuit, lies at the mouth of\\nNorth river, in Massachusetts bay,\\nand has a convenient harbor,defend-\\ned by rocky clifts, and Ceader\\nPoint, on which is a Light house.\\nThe JVorth River rises near the\\nsources of the Taunton. It passes\\nPembroke, Hanover and Marsh-\\nfield, and meets the tide water\\nhere. Tliis river is very deep, nar-\\nrow and crooked, and is noted for\\nthe fine ships built on its banks.\\nThe manufactures of Scituate con-\\nsist of leather, boots, shoes, tacks,\\nvessels, .c. The value of vessels\\nannually built is about $40,000.\\nThese vessels are of superior me-\\nchanism, and are built of native\\nwhite oak, remarkable for its dura-\\nbility. There are a number of ves-\\nsels belonging to this town employ-\\ned in the merchant service and\\ncoasting trade. During the year\\nending April 1, 1837, Scituate had\\n22 vessels engaged in the fishery\\nthey took 6,500 barrels of macker-\\nel, valued at $46,000.\\nThe town extends back from the\\nbay a considerable distance it con-\\ntains large tracts of salt meadow and\\nsome valuable upland.\\nScituate is 17 miles S. E. by S*\\nfrom Boston and 20 N. W. by N.\\nfrom Plymouth. First settled, 1633,\\nIncorporated, 1637. Population,\\n1830, 3,470 1837, 3,754.\\nThe first settled minister in this\\ntown was the Rev. Charles\\nChaujvcy. He remained here\\ntwelve years previous to his becom-\\ning the second president of Har-\\nvard College.\\nRev. Thomas Clapp, president\\nof Yale College, was born in this\\ntown, in 1703. He graduated at\\nHarvard College in 1722, and died\\nin 1767.\\nScituate, R. 1.\\nProvidence co. This town was\\na part of Providence until 1731,\\nwhen it was incorporated. It lies\\n12 miles W. by S. from Providence,\\nand, in 1830, had 3,394 inhabitants.\\nThe surface of the town is diversi-\\nfied by hills and valleys in the\\nnorth part of the town the soil is a\\ngravelly loam, better adapted to\\ngrazing than tillage. Pawtuxet\\nriver with several of its branches\\ngive Scituate a good water power,\\nand large manufactories, particular-\\nly of cotton and wool are found on\\ntheir banks. There is a valuable\\nquarry of free-stone in the western\\npart of the town.\\ngealbrook) N. H.j\\nRockingham co., is situated at the\\nS. E. corner of the state, 17 miles\\nS. S. W. from Portsmouth, and 7\\nN. from Newburyport, bounded N.\\nby Hampton Falls, E. by the Atlan-\\ntic, 3. by Massachusetts, W. by\\nSouth Hampton and Kensington. It\\nwas formerly a part of Hampton\\nFalls, and was granted, 1768, to Jona-\\nthan Weare and others. Settlements\\ncommenced here in 1638. The riv-\\ners are Black, Brown s and Walton s\\nrivers. Many of the rivulets abound\\nwith bog ore of iron. This town\\nderives its name from the number\\nof rivers and rivulets meandering\\nthrough it. Whale-boat building is", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0398.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe most important manufacture,\\nand is carried on to a greater extent\\nthan in any other town in New Eng-\\nland. The larger part of the male\\ninhabitants are mechanics and sea-\\nmen. Perhaps no town in the state\\nis better situated for carrying on\\nthe Bay and Labrador fisheries than\\nthis. Population, in 1S30, 1,096.\\ngeaconuet Rocks, R. I.,\\nOr Point. See Little Compion.\\nSearsburgli, Vt.\\nBennington co. Searsburgh is\\ntoo elevated on the Green Moun-\\ntains either for cultivation, popula-\\ntion, or wool growing. It has 40 in-\\nhabitants, and 41 sheep. It is 11\\nmiles E. from Bennington.\\nSearsmont, Me\u00c2\u00ab\\nWaldo CO. Searsmonthas a good\\nsoil, and some beautiful ponds. It\\nis a pleasant and flourishing town,\\n30 miles E. from Augusta, and 12\\nS. W. from Belfast. Population,\\n1837, 1,392. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 2,792 bushels.\\nSeaville, Me.\\nHancock co. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1838, and comprises a\\npart of the island and town of\\nMount Desert, and Bartlett s, Rob-\\ninson s, Hardwood and other small-\\ner islands on the coast.\\nSebago Ijake, Me.\\nCumberland co. This is a beau-\\nful sheet of water, about 12 miles in\\nlength, and of various breadths. The\\nwidest part is across from Baldwin\\nto Raymond, about 7 miles. It re-\\nceives the waters of Long and sev-\\neral other ponds, and of Crooked\\nriver, at and from the north. It dis-\\ncharges into Casco bay, at Fal-\\nmouth, by the Presumpscot. The\\nCumberland and Oxford canal, com-\\npleted in 1829, passes from this lake\\nto Portland, and is the channel of\\nconsiderable inland trade.\\nSeliago, Me.\\nCumberland co. This town lies\\nbetween Sebago lake and Hancock\\npond, and was taken from Baldwin\\nin 1S26. It lies 87 miles S. W. by\\nW. from Augusta, and 30 N. W.\\nfrom Portland. It has a good soil\\nand is watered by small streams.\\nPopulation, 1837, 646.\\nSebasticook Ri-rer, Me.\\nThis valuable mill stream rises\\nin Sangerville, Dover and Dexter,\\non the border of Penobscot and\\nPiscataquis counties; it passes S.\\nE. and S. through Ripley, Harmo-\\nny, Hartland and Palmyra to Chand-\\nlerville it then runsS. W. through\\nBurnham and falls into the Kenne-\\nbec between Clinton and Winslow,\\nopposite to Waterville. This stream\\nreceives several tributaries it is\\nabout 50 miles in length; it has nu-\\nm.erous falls and passes through a\\ndelightful country.\\nSebec, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. Sebec is a town-\\nship of good soil, and is well water-\\ned by Sebec Pond and its outlet,\\nSebec river, which empties into the\\nPiscataquis, on the north side, in\\nthe town of Milo. This town lies\\n87 miles N. N. E. from Augusta,\\nand 9 N. N. E. from Dover. In-\\ncorporated, 1812. Population, 1837,\\n987. Wheat crop, same year, 7,650\\nbushels.\\nSebec Pond lies in the towns of\\nSebec, Foxcroft and Bowerbank it\\nis about 10 miles long, and about a\\nmile average breadth. Its outlet is\\na good mill stream of about 10 miles\\nin length. The country around\\nthese waters is fertile and heavily\\ntimbered, and the scenery pictui*-\\nesque and beautiful.\\nSeboois Ijakes and River, Me.\\nSeJboois Lakes are connected\\nsheets of water, of irregular form,\\nof about 15 miles in length, varying", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0399.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nin width from half a mile to a mile\\nand a half. They lay near the\\nAroostook and constitute the head\\nwaters of the eastern branch of Pe-\\nnobscot river. Seboois River is\\ntheir outlet. See Penobscot River.\\nSedgwick, Me.\\nHancock co. Sedgwick lies on\\nthe west side of Blue Hill bay, 87\\nmiles E. from Augusta, and about\\n25 S. by W, from Ellsworth. In-\\ncorporated, 1789. Population, 1837,\\n1,784. This town has good harbors\\nand enjoys great privileges for nav-\\nigation. A number of vessels are\\nowned here employed in the coast-\\ning trade and fishery, and ship\\nbuilding is an important branch of\\nbusiness. The soil of the town is\\nnot so productive as that more dis-\\ntant from the sea, still it is abundant-\\nly able to supply its own people\\nwith bread stuffs and all the varie-\\nties of fruits and vegetables com-\\nmon to a New England climate.\\nThis town was named in honor\\nof Theodore Sedgwick, an em-\\ninent statesman and jurist, a senator\\nto Congress, and for many years a\\njudge of the supreme court of Mas-\\nsachusetts. He died at Boston in\\n1813, aged QG, highly valued by his\\nfriends and country.\\nSeekoulc, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This town is watered\\nby Seekonk, or Pawtucket river,\\nalso by Ten mile river, a good mill\\nstream. It lies 41 miles S. from\\nBoston, 4 E. by N, from Provi-\\ndence, R. I., and 14 S. W. from\\nTaunton. It was taken from Re-\\nhoboth in 1812. Population, 1837,\\n2,016. There are three cotton mills\\nin the town, which constitute the\\nprincipal manufactures; the annu-\\nal value of which is about ^80,000.\\nSeven Mile Bi^ook, Me.\\nThis stream rises by several\\nbranches in the counties of Somer-\\nset and Franklin it runs in a south-\\neastern direction, about 35 miles,\\nafTording mill privileges to the towns\\nof Kingfield and New Portland,\\nand mingles with the Kennebec at\\nAnson, 40 miles N. E. from Augus-\\nta.\\nSeymour Lake, Vt.\\nSee Charleston.\\nSliaftslt ury, Vt.\\nBennington co. This town lies\\nbetween the Battenkill and Wal-\\nloomsac, and gives to those rivers\\nsome tributaries. West mountain\\nlies in this town and Arlington.\\nShaftsbury lies 97 miles S. S. W.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 8 N. from\\nBennington. First settled, 1763.\\nPopulafion, 1830, 2,143. Among\\nthe first settlers was the Hon. Jo-\\nnas Galusha, late governor of\\nthe state. He was a captain in the\\nmilitia in 1777, and commanded a\\ncompany of the Green mountain\\nboys, at the battle of Bennington.\\nAlthough the surface of Shafts-\\nbury is elevated, the soil is gener-\\nally of an excellent quality it feeds\\n12,000 sheep, and its products of\\nbeef cattle and of the dairy are\\nconsiderable. There are valuable\\nbeds of iron ore in the town, pine\\ntimber and quarries of beautiful\\nmarble. It has a number of manu-\\nfacturing concerns on its small\\nstreams, a pleasant village and a\\nschool fund of $10,000,\\nSliapleigSi, Me.\\nYork CO. Between Shapleigh and\\nActon are some pleasant ponds, the\\nsource of Mousum river which emp-\\nties into the sea at Kennebunk. A\\nbed of rich bog iron ore has recent-\\nly been discovered in the town,\\nwhich promises great usefulness.\\nThe surface of the town is gener-\\nally level, and the soil favorable for\\nthe growth of wool, grass, wheat\\nand other grain. Here are iron\\nworks and other manufactures.\\nShapleigh was incorporated, 1785.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0400.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,517. It is 103\\nmiles S. W. trom Augusta, and 6\\nN. W. from Alfred.\\nSliarou, N. H.,\\nHillsborough co., is bounded N. by\\nPeterborough, E. by Temple, S. by\\nNew Ipswich and Rindge, and W.\\nby JafFrey. It is 18 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Amherst, and 48 S. S.W. from\\nConcord. The streams in Sharon are\\nsmall branches of Contoocook riv-\\ner, and rise near the S. E. corner of\\nthe town. Boundary mountain lies\\non the line between this town and\\nTemple, and has an elevation of\\n200 feet above the surrounding\\ncountry. Sharon was incorporated,\\n1791. Population, in 1830, 271.\\nSliaroii, Vt.\\nWindsor co. White river passes\\nthrough Sharon and affords it an\\nabundant water power. Here are\\nmills for the manufacture of wool-\\nen goods, paper and other articles.\\nIt contains a handsome and flour-\\nishing village. The surface of the\\ntown is broken, but the soil is warm\\nand productive. It keeps about\\n5,000 sheep. Sharon was first set-\\ntled in 1763. Population, 1330,\\n1,459. It lies 22 miles N. from\\nWindsor, and 34 S, by E. from\\nMontpelier.\\nSliarou, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Mashapoag pond in\\nthis town is one of the sources of\\nNeponset i-iver. Sharon has a good\\nwater power one woolen and two\\ncotton mill^^. There are also man-\\nufactures of axes, bed-steads, straw\\nbonnets, leather, boots, shoes, wool\\ncards, machinery, joiners gages,\\nc. annual value, about .$75,000.\\nSharon is a very pleasant town the\\nscenery around Mashapoag, the In-\\ndian name of the place, i- highly\\npleasing. There is good fishing in\\nthis pond. This town was incorpo-\\nrated, in 1765. It is 18 miles S. S.\\nW. from Boston, 8 S. from Dedham,\\nand 24 N. by E. from Providence,\\nR. I. Population, 1837, 1,093.\\nSliaron, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. Sharon lies on the\\nwest side of Housatonick river,\\nopposite to Cornwall. The eastern\\npart of the town is elevated, moun-\\ntainous, and stony, but is suited for\\ngrazing: the western part, which\\nborders on the state of New York,\\nis a fertile tract of undulating land,\\nand very productive of all sorts of\\ngrain. Agriculture is the chief\\nbusiness of the inhabitants they\\nprovide for about 10,000 sheep.\\nPopulation 1830, 2,615.\\nSharon was first settled in 1739.\\nThe village is situated principally\\non one street, on the eastern side of\\na beautiful valley, IG miles W. N.\\nW. from Litchfield, and 47 W. by\\nN. from Hartford. There is a beau-\\ntiful village called Hitchcock s\\nCorner, partly in Sharon and part-\\nly in the state of New York this\\nalso is situated in a beautiful valley,\\nand rich in agricultural resources.\\nConsiderable numbers of the\\nIndians resided in the western and\\nnorthwestern parts of the town,\\nv/hich are watered by two large\\nponds, and by the Ten Mile river,\\nwhich touches the western bor-\\nders of the town. Their principal\\nvillage was on the east side of the\\nIndian j)ond, so called, which is a\\nbody of water lying partly in the\\nstate of New York, and partly in\\nConnecticut. On a romantic and\\nbeautiful plain, lying between this\\npond on the v/est, and the Indian\\nMountain, on the east, was a nu-\\nmerous village, where the natives\\ncontinued to reside for many years\\nafter the whites came into the town.\\nThis tribe was visited by the Mo-\\nravian missionaries, and one of them\\ndied and was buried there. He\\ndied in 1749, and a plain stone was\\nplaced over his grave, with the fol-\\nlowing inscription\\nDavid Bruce of Edinburgh in", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0401.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nScotland, Minister of The Breth-\\nren s Church among the Indians.\\nDepart d 1749.\\nThis town took an active part in\\nfavor of the liberties of the coun-\\ntry-\\nThe approach of a large British\\narray from Canada, under General\\nBurgoyne, and the expedition up\\nthe North River, under General\\nVaughan, in 1777, filled the whole\\ncountry with terror and desponden-\\ncy, and created strong fears and\\ndoubts as to the issue of the con-\\ntroversy the firmness and confi-\\ndence of Parson Smith, however,\\nremained unbroken, and his efforts\\nto revive the drooping spirits of his\\nDcople were unremitted. In the\\njnonth of October, he preached a\\nsermon from these words Watch-\\nman, what of the night. The\\nWatchman saith, the morning Com-\\neth. In this discourse he dwelt\\nmuch upon the indications, which\\nthe dealings of Providence afford-\\ned, that a bright and glorious morn-\\ning was about to dawn upon a long\\nnight of defeat and disaster. He\\ntold the congregation, that he be-\\nlieved they would soon hear of a\\nsignal victory crowning the arms of\\nAmerica and he exhorted them to\\ntrust with an unshaken and fearless\\nconfidence in that God, who, he\\nbelieved, would yet crown with\\nsuccess the efforts of the friends of\\nliberty in this country. Before the\\ncongregation was dismissed, a mes-\\nsenger arrived, with the intelli-\\ngence of the surrender of Bur-\\ngoyne s army. Par on Smith read\\nthe letter, conveying the intelli-\\ngence, from the pulpit, and a flood\\nof joy and gratitude burst from the\\ncongregation.\\nSliaAvsJh.eeu River, MasSt\\nThis river rises in Lexington and\\nBedford. It passes Billerica, Wil-\\nmington and Tukesbury, and falls\\ninto the Merrimack, at Andover,\\n20 miles N. by W. from Boston.\\nSlieepscot River and Bay, Me.\\nThe head waters of this river\\nare derived from ponds in Palermo.\\nIts course is south through the towns\\nof Whitefield and Alna. It meets\\nthe tide water between Wiscasset\\nand New Castle, and proceeds to a\\nbay of the same name. The length\\nof the river from its source to the\\nbay is about 35 miles. This river\\nis valuable on account of its hy-\\ndraulic power and navigable facili-\\nties.\\nShecpscot Bay sets up from the\\nsea between Boothbay and George-\\ntown, and receives the waters of\\nthe river. It is about 3 miles wide\\nat its mouth, and extends about 10\\nmiles north. The whole of these\\nwaters are often called Sheepscot\\nRiver. The mouth of this bay\\nor river bears about N. E., 6 miles,\\nfrom Seguin Light, at the mouth\\nof Kennebec river.\\nSlieliielcl, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This town is 35\\nmiles N. E. from Montpelier, and\\n16 N. from Danville. First settled,\\n1792. Population, 1830, 720.\\nThis town lies on the height of\\nland between Connecticut river\\nand Memphremagog lake. Branch-\\nes of Passurapsic and Barton rivers\\nboth rise here. It is watered by\\nseveral ponds. The lands are gen-\\nerally broken and not very produc-\\ntive.\\nSlieiSeld, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a very\\npleasant town, on both sides of the\\nHousatonick. The river meanders\\ncircuitously and slowly through the\\ntown, and forms large tracts of rich\\nalluvial meadow. In large fresh-\\nets the river overflows its banks to\\na great extent, and forms the ap-\\npearance of a large lake. The vil-\\nlage is neat; situated in a beauti-\\nful valley, surrounded by hills, one\\nof which is 3,000 feet in height,\\nand presents a great variety of de-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0402.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\nlightful scenery. There are man-\\nufactures in the town of leather,\\nhats, ploughs, and spirits, but the\\nprincipal business of the people is\\nagricultural. In 1837, there were\\n6,892 sheep sheared in the town\\nthe value of the wool amounted to\\n$11,372. Marble andiron ore are\\nabundant.\\nSheffield is the oldest town in the\\ncounty it was incorporated in 1733.\\nIt lies 140 miles S. W. from Boston,\\n20 S. from Lenox, and 28 E. from\\nHudson, N. Y. Population, 1837,\\n2,308.\\nSlieltouriie, N. H.\\nCoos CO. Androscoggin river\\npasses through the centre of this\\ntown, into which fall the waters\\nof Rattle river and some smaller\\nstreams. The soil on each bank of\\nthe river is very good, producing\\nin abundance grain and grass but\\nas we rise from the river, the tracts\\nare mountainous and unfit for culti-\\nvation.\\nMount Moriah, an elevated peak\\nof the White Mountains, lies in the\\nS. part of Shelburne. Moses\\nRock, so called from the first man\\nknown to have ascended it, (Moses\\nIngalls) is on the south side of the\\nriver, near the centre of the town.\\nIt is about 60 feet high and 90 long,\\nvery smooth, and rising in an angle\\nof nearly 50\u00c2\u00b0. In 1778, David and\\nBenjamin Ingalls commenced a set-\\ntlement at Shelburne, and not long\\nafterwards, several families were\\nadded. In August, 1781, a party\\nof Indians visited this town, killed\\none man, made another prisoner,\\nplundered the houses, and returned\\nto Canada in savage triumph. This\\ntown was incorporated in 1820.\\nPopulation, 1830, 312.\\nSlielbrirn, Vt.\\nChittenden co. On the east side\\nof Lake Champlain,33 miles W. by\\nN. from Montpelier, and 7 S. from\\nBurlington. Population, 1830, 1,123.\\nLogan s and Potter s points were\\n33\\nsettled previous to the revolutionary-\\nwar by men of those names. Dur-\\ning the war these settlements were\\nabandoned, but re-established at its\\nclose. Shelburn is finely watered\\nby Piatt river, a pond covering 600\\nacres, and by the waters of the lake.\\nShelburn Bay sets into the town-\\nship about 4 miles from the N. W.,\\nand affords the town a good harbor,\\nand a depot of the interior trade on\\nthe beautiful Champlain. The soil\\nof the town is strong, fertile, and\\ngenerally w^ell improved. About\\n10,000 sheep are within its limits.\\nSliellbiime, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town lies on\\nthe N. side of Deerfield river op-\\nposite to Conway. It is 100 miles\\nW. by N. from Boston, and 5 W.\\nfrom Greenfield. Population, 1837,\\n1,018. Incorporated, 1768. Deer-\\nfield river falls in this town a dis-\\ntance of 20 feet, and produces a val-\\nuable water power.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of woolen goods, leather,\\nboots, shoes, scythes, palm-leaf\\nhats, c. annual value about\\n$40,000. The soil of the town is\\ngenerally of a good quality con-\\nsiderable wool is grown, and some\\ncattle and products of the dairy are\\nsent to market. More than common\\nattention is paid to mental culture.\\nThis is a pleasant and flourishing\\ntown the scenery about the falls\\nis very handsome.\\nSlieldon, Vt.\\nFranklin co. The first settle-\\nments commenced here in 1790, by\\nElisha and Samuel B. Sheldon, from\\nSalisbury, Connecticut. This is a\\ngood township of land, productive\\nof wool, grain, and other northern\\ncommodities. The river Missisque\\npasses through the town, and Black\\ncreek, a branch of that river, gives\\nSheldon an ample water power.\\nThe village is a thriving place, both\\nin its manufactures and trade. It\\nlies 46 miles N. W. from Montpe-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0403.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlier, 32 N. by E. from Burlington,\\nand 10 N. N. E. from St. Albans.\\nPopulation, 1S30, 1,427.\\nSliepaii^ River, Ct.\\nThis river rises in Goshen, in the\\ncounty of Litchfield it receives\\nseveral branches, and passes south,\\nthrough the towns of Washington\\nand Roxbury, and falls into the\\nHousatonick at Southbury. This is\\na good mill stream, in some parts\\nrapid, in others gentle and fertiliz-\\ning.\\nSlierlmrne, Vt.\\nRutland co, Killington Peak,\\n3,924 feet in height, several ponds,\\nand Thundering brook, with a hand-\\nsome fall, lie in this town. Queechy\\nriver rises in this town, and along\\nits banks is some good land; but the\\nlands are generally too elevated\\neven for pasturage. Sherburne was\\nfirst settled in 1735. It lies 22 miles\\nN. W. from Windsor, and 10 E. from\\nRutland. Population, 1830, 452.\\nSlicrljiiriiCj Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This town is vva-\\ntered by Charles and Sudbury riv-\\ners. It is IS miles S. W. by W.\\nfrom Boston, and 15 S. from Con-\\ncord. Population, 1837, 1,037. In-\\ncorporated, 1674. The soil of Sher-\\nburne is very good and productive.\\nThe village is on elevated land it\\nis pleasant,and commands good pros-\\npects. The manufactures of the\\ntown consist of straw bonnets, boots,\\nshoes, leather, axes, forks, ploughs,\\nmuskets and whips annual value,\\nabout $60,000.\\nSlievmaii, Ct.\\nFairfield co. Sherman was for-\\nmerly the north part of New Fair-\\nfield, and incorporated in 1802. Pop-\\nulation, IHW, 947. It is 60 miles S.\\nW. from Hartford, 13 N. from Dan-\\nbury, and bounded W. by the state\\nof New York. There is a variety\\nof soils in the town, but they are\\ngenerally strong, warm, and pro-\\nductive of grass and grain. A\\nbranch of the Housatonick waters\\nthe town. Iron ore is fourwl here.\\nSlietvicket River, Ct.\\nThis fine mill stream receives its\\nhead waters by several branches in\\nthe counties of Windham and Tol-\\nland. It passes between Lisbon\\nand Franklin and uniting with the\\nQuinnebaug at Norwich, flows in-\\nto the Thames. Its principal bran-\\nches are the Natchaug and Willi-\\nmantic.\\nSliirley, Me.\\nPiscataquis CO. This town was in-\\ncorporated in 1834. It was former-\\nly No. 3 in the 4th range of the\\nBingham Purchase. It is watered\\nby the higher branches of Piscata-\\nquis river, and lies about 76 miles\\nN. by E. from Augusta. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 213.\\nSiiirley, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a very\\npleasant agricultural and manufac-\\nturing town, 32 miles N. W. from\\nBoston, 16 N. W. from Concord,\\nand IS S. W. from Lowell. There\\nare some elevations in the town, but\\nof warm and fertile soil. There are\\nlarge tracts of intervale land along\\nthe streams, which are very fertile\\nand valuable.\\nShirley is separated from Groton by\\nNashua river, and from Pepperell\\nb\\\\ the Squanicook, a branch of the\\nNashua. These streams afford Shir-\\nley a fine water power, which ren-\\nders it an excellent location for man-\\nufacturing establishments. There\\nare 1 woolen and 3 cotton mills in the\\ntown, and manufactures of boots,\\nshoes, paper, leather, palm-leaf hats,\\nc. Annual value, about $125,-\\n000. Population, 1837, 967.\\nSlioreliain, Vt.\\nAddison co. This town lies on\\nthe east side of Lake Champlain,\\nand is watered by Lemonfair river,\\na o-ood mill stream. It is 12 miles", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0404.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nS. W. from Middlebury, and 26 N.\\nfrom Whitehall, N. Y. The lake\\nhere is about a mile wide. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 2,137, The surface of\\nthe town is level and the soil re-\\nmarkably good. This is one of the\\nbest farming towns in the state. In\\n1837, there was 26,534 sheep in\\nShoreham. There are some manu-\\nfactures in the town, and a pleasant\\nand flourishing village on the banks\\nof the lake. Most of the waters\\nhere are impregnated with Epsom\\nsalts. See Bridport.\\nShoreham was first settled in\\n1766, by a number of persons who\\nadopted the plan of holding all things\\nin common. This mode of holding\\nproperty was, however, relinquish-\\ned about the time of the revolu-\\ntionary war.\\nShrewsbury, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town lies 22\\nmiles W. from Windsor and 9 S.\\nE. from Rutland. Population, in\\n1830,1,289. This is a mountainous\\ntownship, having Shrewsbury Peak\\nwithin its limits, a summit 4,034 feet\\nabove the sea. Mill and Cold riv-\\ners and Peal s and Ashley s Ponds\\nwater the town, and fall into Otter\\nCreek. There is some good land\\nin this mountain town, and between\\nthree and four thousand sheep graze\\non its surface.\\nSlireAVslbiiry, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This is an agri-\\ncultural town of a pleasing variety\\nof surface, and good soil, 36 miles\\nW. by S. from Boston and 6 E. from\\nWorcester. Quinsigamond or Long\\nPond lies principally in this town.\\nIt is nearly four miles in length and\\nfrom 40 to 250 rods in width. It\\nempties into the Blackstone river\\nand canal, and produces a consider-\\nable hydraulic power. A floating\\nbridge crosses this pond for the ac-\\ncommodation of the Worcester turn-\\npike, 525 feet in length, built in\\n1818, and cost $6,000.\\nThe manufactures of Shrewsbury\\nconsist of clothing, guns, hats,\\nchairs, straw bonnets, leather, boots,\\nshoes, c: the value of which, dur-\\ning the year ending April 1, 1837,\\nwas $211,287. The town was in-\\ncorporated, 1727. Population, 1830,\\n1,386; 1837, 1,507.\\nLevi Pease, the father of mail\\nstages in this country, was a native\\nof this town. He died here in 1824,\\naged SG. Mr. Pease was a man of\\ngreat enterprise he projected the\\nfirst turnpike road in New England,\\nand to his zeal and sacrifices the\\npublic is more indebted than to any\\nother man for its excellent mail es-\\ntablishment. At the time Mr.\\nPease started his first line of mail\\nstages between Boston and New\\nYork, in 1784, the mail betv. een\\nthose places passed only once a fort-\\nnight, on horseback, in a pair of\\nsaddlebags.\\nSliutesbury, Mass.\\nThis town is on high land, 10\\nmiles E. from Connecticut river, 9\\nN. by E. from Amherst, 16 S. S.E.\\nfrom Greenfield, and 78 W. by N.\\nfrom Boston. Incorporated, 1761.\\nPopulation, 1837,816. Copper ore,\\nand soapstone, are found here. On\\nSwift river are three shingle mills\\nand a wheel factory. There is a\\nmineral spring of some note in this\\ntown, containing, in solution, iron,\\nsulphur, c. There is also a pond,\\ncovering about 700 acres, with an\\nabundance of fine fish.\\nEphraim Pratt lived in this town\\nmany years, and died here in 1804,\\naged 116 years. He married at\\nthe age of 21, and could count 1,500\\ndescendants. He was a very tem-\\nperate man, so much so that for 40\\nyears he took no animal food. He\\nwas a farmer, and his health was so\\nuniformly good that he was able to\\nmow a good swath 101 years in suc-\\ncession. He was born at Sudbury,\\n1687.\\nSiduey, Me.\\nKennebec co. Sidnev is vprv", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0405.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\npleasantly situated on the west side\\nof Kennebec river, and watered by\\na large and beautiful pond lying in\\nthis town and Belgrade. It is\\nbounded N. by Waterville, and is\\n12 miles N. from Augusta. Incor-\\nporated, 1792. Population, 1837,\\n2,346. Wheat crop, same year,\\n6,569 bushels.\\nSims biivy, Ct.\\nHartford co. The territory of\\nthis town was formerly a part of\\nWindsor: its Indian name was Jl/as-\\nsacoe, and was incorporated in 1670.\\nThe surface of the town is greatly\\ndiversified by hills and valleys a\\nrange of mountains pass through\\nthe town, and there is some level\\nand good land within its limits\\non Farmington river. Population,\\n1830,2,221.\\nTariffville, a flourishing village,\\nis situated at the northeastern ex-\\ntremity of this town, on the west\\nbank of the Farmington river,which\\nat this place passes south, at the\\nbase of a range of mountains, which\\ndivides this part of the State from\\nthe great valley of Connecticut\\nriver. This place is a carpet man-\\nufacturing village, owned principal-\\nly by a company called the New\\nEngland Carpet Company they\\nemploy 175 hands, and manufacture\\nyearly about 132,000 yards of car-\\npeting. This flourishing village is\\nbetween three and four miles south\\nof Simsbury mines, in Granby,near\\nthe New Haven and Northampton\\ncanal, and 12 miles N.W. from Hart-\\nford.\\nSkitticook River, Me.\\nThis is the most northern and\\neastern branch of the Matawam-\\nkeag.\\nSkootum Tiake, Hie*\\nA sheet of water of considerable\\nsize, the outlet of which passes\\nthrough Kilmarnock.\\nSkowliegan, Me.\\nSomerset co. This town was for-\\nmerly called Milburn it took the\\nIndian name of the place in 1836.\\nIt is situated on the N. side of Ken-\\nnebec river, at Skowhegan Falls.\\nThe river runs here in an eastern\\ndirection. The local situation of\\nSkowhegan, its admirable water\\npower, and the fertility of the adja-\\ncent country, united with the en-\\nterprise of its inhabitants, has ren-\\ndered the place, but recently a wil-\\nderness, one of the best cultivated\\ntownships in the state, the site of\\na great number of mills, and a mart\\nof an extensive trade. There is much\\ndelightful scenery about Skowhe-\\ngan the village is neatly built, and\\nits beauty is much enhanced by the\\nwhiteness of the houses contrasted\\nwith the blue and green of the riv-\\ner and its banks. Between Skow-\\nhegan and Bloomfield is a small isl-\\nand in the river. Across this isl-\\nand are noble bridges uniting the\\ntowns. This place lies 5 miles be-\\nlow Norridgewock and 33 N. from\\nAugusta. Population, 1830,1,006;\\n1837, 1,433.\\nSlaterville, R. I.\\nWe regret to state that no ac-\\ncount of the manufactures of this\\ninteresting manufacturing village\\nhas been received. See Smithfield.\\nSmall, Cape, Me.\\nThe eastern boundary of Casco\\nBay.\\nSmitkiield, R. T.\\nProvidence co. This is a large\\ntown, containing an area of about\\n10 by 6 miles, and a great variety\\nof surface and soil.\\nSmithfield has generally an un-\\ndulating surface, presenting an\\nagreeable diversity of moderate em-\\ninences and gentle declivities; but\\nin some sections it is considerably\\nrough and broken.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0406.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe manufacture of lime is an\\nimportant and extensive business,\\nand affords employment to a great\\nnumber of persons. There is also\\na quarry of white stone at what is\\ncalled Woonsocket hill, that sus-\\ntains heat remarkably well, which\\nrenders it very valuable for furnace\\nhearths. About two miles distant\\nfrom this, there is a quarry, contain-\\ning excellent whetstones, for edge\\ntools.\\nThe soil is a gravelly and sandy\\nloam, with some sections of a cal-\\ncareous loam. It is generally rich\\nand fertile, although in some places\\nit has been reduced by an exhaust-\\ning system of cultivation. There\\nare, however, some low and marshy\\ntracts, which are generally appro-\\npriated to mowing, and afford good\\ncrops of grass. Tlie agricultural\\nproductions consist of the various\\narticles common to the climate\\nIndian corn, rye, wheat, barley,\\noats, potatoes, flax, beef, pork,\\nbutter, cheese, apples, cider and\\nhay.\\nThe waters of the town consist\\nof the Blackstone, which washes\\nits northeastern border, and a branch\\nof this river, nearly of equal size,\\nwhich intersects the town, dis-\\ncharging its waters into the former,\\nin the northern section of the town.\\nAfter the union of these streams,\\nthe Blackstone is from one to two\\nhundred feet in width. At some\\nseasons of the year, it overflows its\\nbanks, and has been known to rise\\nfrom 15 to 20 feet above its usual\\nheight. Besides these, there are\\nnumerous small streams, some of\\nwhich afford valuable sites for mills\\nand manufacturing establishments,\\nwhich are mostly occupied. In\\nthe south part of the town, within\\nabout 4 miles from Providence,\\nthere is a considerable body of wa-\\nter, called Scots Pond. It is near-\\nly a mile in length, about half a\\nmile in width, and of great depth.\\nWhat is remarkable in this pond, is\\n33*\\nthe steep descent of its shores.\\nCases have occurred, of persons\\nbeing drowned in attempting to\\nwater their horses at this pond.\\nThere is a remarkable fall of wa-\\nter upon the Blackstone river, call-\\ned Woonsocket falls, which is con-\\nsidered as quite a curiosity. The\\nfall is aboiit 20 feet, not perpendic-\\nular, but over a precipice of r^cKS\\nfor some distance. The fall of the\\nwater upon these rocks through a\\nsuccession of ages, has occasioned\\nnumerous excavations, all of which\\nare smooth and circular, and some\\nof them very large, being sufficient\\nto contain several hogsheads.\\nThe beautiful village of Woon-\\nsocket is situated at these falls, on\\nthe line of Cumberland the river\\ndividing the towns, and the village\\ninto nearly equal parts. In this\\nvillage are 15 cotton and 2 satinet\\nfactories, a large furnace, machine\\nshops, sash factory, c. The Black-\\nstone canal passes through this\\nvillage, and it is in contemplation\\nto construct a rail road to meet the\\nBoston and Providence rail road,\\neither at Providence or at Dedham,\\nMass. This village is indeed a\\nbeautiful place, and exceedingly\\nflourishing. It is 14 miles N. N.\\nW. from Providence.\\nSlaterville is another beautiful\\nvillage in this town, on Branch\\nriver, about 2 miles W. from Woon-\\nsocket.\\nSmithfield is a large manufactur-\\ning town, containing many other\\npleasant villages, almost exclusive-\\nly devoted to manufacturing ob-\\njects. The centre of the town lies\\n9 miles N. W. from Providence.\\nIncorporated, 1730. Population, in\\n1830, 6,857.\\nSmith s River, Jf. H.\\nGrafton co. This river rises from\\nseveral ponds in Grafton and Or-\\nange, and after pursuing a winding,\\nbut generally an east course, of\\nfrom 12 to 18 miles, through Dan-", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0407.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbury and Alexandria, falls into the\\nPemigewasset, between Bristol and\\nHill.\\nSolon, Me.\\nSomerset CO. Solon is a flourish-\\ning farming town, on the east side\\nof Kennebec river, opposite to\\nF-mbden. It lies 44 miles N. by\\nW. Irom Augusta, and 18 N. fiom\\nNorridgewock. Population, 1830,\\n768; 1837, 1,129. Wheat crop,\\n1837, 6,567 bushels. The town is\\nwell watered by a pond and several\\nstreams it has a pleasant village,\\nand some manufactures.\\nSomcrsj Ct.\\nTolland co. This town lies 22\\nmiles N. E. from Hartford, 10 N.\\nby W. from Tolland, and 12 S. E.\\nfrom Springfield, Mass. First set-\\ntled, 1713. It was incorporated by\\nMassachusetts in 1734, and named\\nin honor of Lord Somers, at the re-\\nquest of Governor Belcher.\\nPart of the town is level, and\\nproductive of grass and grain, and\\npart is quite elevated, producing\\ngood pasturage for sheep, and pre-\\nsenting delightful views of the val-\\nley of Connecticut river. It is wa-\\ntered by Scantic river.\\nSomei-s has a very neat village,\\nin which is a large establishment\\nfor the manufacture of straw bon-\\nnets. Population, 1830, 1,429.\\nSomerset County, Me.\\nJ\\\\rorridg\u00e2\u0082\u00acwock, chief town.\\nPrevious to the formation of Piscat-\\naquis and Franklin counties, in\\n1838, for which purpose a consider-\\nable portion of Somerset was taken,\\nthis county contained an area of\\nabout 8,785 square miles. Incor-\\nporated, 1809. About one third of\\nthis territory may be said to be set-\\ntled, incorporated or granted, the\\nresidue, a wilderness. Its popula-\\ntion, in 1820, was 21,787; 18.30,\\n33,588; 1837,40,963. Population\\nto a square mile, 4 1-2. Gain in\\npopulation, in seven years, 22 per\\ncent.\\nThe present county of Somerset\\nis bounded N. by Lower Canada, E.\\nby Piscataquis and a part of Penob-\\nscot counties, S. by the counties of\\nKennebec and Franklin, and W. by\\nFranklin county and Lower Can-\\nada.\\nThis county is watered by many\\nponds, some of the large tributa-\\nries of the Kennebec, and by the\\nupper waters of many other im-\\nportant rivers in Maine but its\\nchief river is the noble Kennebec,\\nwhich enters the county at its rise\\nfrom Moose Head lake, and passing\\nfrom that lake, which skirts the east-\\nern boundary of the county, it tra-\\nverses nearly in its centre about 75\\nmiles. This river serves, at pres-\\nent, as a great thoroughfare to the\\nocean for an immense amount of\\ntimber, lumber and wood, the lirst\\nfruits of the industry of pioneers to\\na heavily timbered country and,\\nin after times, will serve for the\\ntransportation of the productions of\\na fertile soil to distant markets, and\\nof the wants of the inhabitants\\nfrom abroad.\\nThe surface of this county is di-\\nversified by considerable eleva-\\ntions and extensive valleys, which\\ngive it a varied and pleasing as-\\npect. With the exception of the\\nmountain range, which skirts the\\nbounds of Canada, and the Bald\\nMountain ridge, nearly in the cen-\\ntre of the county. Mount Bigelow\\nand Mount Abraham, on the bor-\\nder of Franklin count}^, are the\\nmost lofty.\\nSo far as the march of improve-\\nment has been made in this interior\\nand almost wilderness county, the\\nsoil of the lands, generally, is found\\nto be fertile, as easy of cultivation,\\nand as productive of all the varie-\\nties of grasses, grains, vegetables and\\nfruits, as any portion of New Eng-\\nland, with very few exceptions.\\nThe more interior portions of the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0408.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncounty, those watered by the up-\\nper branches of the Penobscot and\\nWalloomstook, now a wilderness,\\nare said to be the most fertile. In\\n1S37, there were in the old county\\nof Somerset, 77,921 sheep and,\\nduring that year, it produced 239,-\\n332 bushels of wheat, being the\\nlargest quantity of that valuable\\ngrain produced by any county in\\nMaine, and probably by any\\ncounty in New England.\\nSomerset, Vt.\\nWindham co. Mount Pisgah\\nand other elevations give to the sur-\\nface of this township so rough and\\ndrear an aspect, that but few are\\nbold enough to attempt the cultiva-\\ntion of its soil. It is watered by\\nthe upper blanches of Deerfield\\nriver. Population, 1830, 245.\\nSomerset stands 15 miles N. E.\\nfrom Bennington, and 14 W. from\\nNewfane. It would put the neigh-\\nboring towns into a pretty pickle if\\nit should turn a Somerset.\\nSomerset, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This town is pleas-\\nantly situated on the northern side\\nof Taunton river, opposite to Fall\\nRiver, and is the proposed depot of\\na rail road from Fall River to Provi-\\ndence, R. I. It is 16 miles S. E.\\nfrom Providence, 13 S. from Taun-\\nton, and 45 S. from Boston. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,063. Incorporated,\\n1790.\\nThere are some manufactures of\\nstone and earthern wares, but ship\\nbuilding is the principal branch of\\nmechanics in the town.\\nSomers wortli, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town was for-\\nmerly a part of Dover. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1754. It is bounded\\nN. W. by Rochester, N. E. by Sal-\\nmon fall river, which divides it from\\nBerwick, Me., and S. V/. by Do-\\nver. It is 11 miles N. by W. from\\nPortsmouth and 45 E. from Concord.\\nThe White Mountains may be\\nseen from the summit of Otis hill;\\nalso the steeples of the meeting\\nhouses in Portsmouth, and the masts\\nof the shipping in the harbor.\\nThe soil of this town is well\\nadapted to Indian corn, and almost\\nall kinds of grain and grass. The\\ntide flows on the east side of this\\ntown, four miles to Quamphegan\\nfalls. The river is of sutiicient\\ndepth, till within a mile of said\\nfalls, for vessels of 250 tons. The\\nS. part of this town is bounded on\\nCocheco river, from its confluence\\nwith the Piscataqua to the mouth\\nof Fresh creek, near a mile and\\nfrom thence by said creek to its\\nhead, nearly a mile and a half.\\nThere are but two ponds of note\\nin this town Humphrey s pond on\\nthe line of Dover, 200 rods long\\nand 120 rods wide and Cole s\\npond, 150 rods long and 75 wide.\\nRed and yellow ochre, also iron\\nore, have been found in this town.\\nThe ochre has been used in paint-\\ning houses, and has been found to\\nmake a durable paint.\\nAt Great Falls, are extensive\\nmanufactories, and a large and\\nbeautiful village.\\nThis town was settled between\\n1650 and 1700, by William Went-\\nworth and others. Many of the\\nfirst settlers were killed or taken\\ncaptive and carried to Canada. Eb-\\nenezer Downs, who was a quaker,\\nwas taken by the Indians at Indigo\\nhill, in 1724, and carried to Canada.\\nHe was grossly insulted and abused\\nby them, because he refused to\\ndance as the other prisoners did for\\nthe diversion of their savage cap-\\ntors.\\nNicholas Pike, author of a\\npopular system of arithmetic, was\\nborn in this town, October 6, 1743.\\nJohn Wentworth, son of the\\nHon. .lohn Wentworth, was born in\\nthis town, July 14, 1745 and was\\ngraduated at Harvard college, 1768.\\nHe entered on the study of the law,\\nand settled at Dover. When ap-\\nplication was made to him to put an", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0409.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\naction in suit, it was his practice\\nto see the parties or to write to them,\\nstating the consequences of a legal\\nprocess, and advising them to set-\\ntle their differences between them-\\nselves. By this mode of procedure\\nhe was instrumental in preventing\\nmany vexatious lawsuits and was\\nentitled to the appellation of peace-\\nmaker. He was a member of the\\ncontinental congress in the revolu-\\ntion, and died January 10, 1787.\\nHon. Thomas Wallingford,\\nwas born at Bradford, Mass., in\\n1697. He came to this town in the\\nearly part of liis life and by a dili-\\ngent application to business, from a\\nsmall beginning became one of the\\nrichest men in the province.\\nIcHABOD EoLLiNs, was bom\\nin Somersworth in 1721. He was\\na judge of probate for the county of\\nStrafford, and died January 31,\\n1800. Population, in 1830, 3,090.\\nSoucooli. River, N. II.,\\nHas its source in three ponds in\\nthe south part of Gilnianton, lying\\nnear each other, called Loon, Rocky\\nand Shcllcamp ponds. It passes\\nthrough Loudon, receiving several\\nbranches, and forms the boundary\\nbetween Concord and Pembroke,\\nfalling into the Merrimack below\\nGarvin s falls,\\nSonLlaegaii River, N. H.\\nOriginally Souhegenack, the name\\nof a river in Hillsborough county,\\nand the former name of Amherst\\nand Merrimack. The principal\\nbranch of this river originates from\\na pond in Ashburnham, Mass. It\\npasses N. through Ashby, at the\\nN. W. angle of the county of Mid-\\ndlesex, into New Ipswich, and\\nthrough Mason, Milford, Amherst,\\ninto Merrimack, where it unites\\nwith Merrimack river. In its course\\nit receives several streams from\\nTemple, Lyndeborough and Mount\\nVernon, and just before it falls into\\nthe Merrimack, receives Babboo-\\nsuck brook, a considerable stream\\nissuing from Babboosuck pond. See\\nAmherst.\\nSoutli Ilamptou, IV. H.,\\nRockingham co., is bounded N.\\nby East Kingston and Kensington,\\nE. by Seabrook, S. by Amesbury,\\nMass., W. by Newtown; and is 50\\nmiles S. E. from Concord, and 18\\nS. S. W. from Portsmouth.\\nThe surface is generally even,\\nand the soil of a good quality. Pow-\\now river passes through this town,\\naffording valuable mill seats. South\\nHampton was incorporated in 1742.\\nHon. Phillips White, who\\nwas a member of the old congress,\\na counsellor in 1792 and 1793, and\\nfor many years judge of probate,\\ndied June 24, 1811, aged 82. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 487.\\nSoutlianiptoii, Mass.\\nHampshire co. Manhan river\\nwaters the town and affords it mill\\nprivileges. The Farmington canal\\npasses through the eastern part.\\nLead in various forms and qualities\\nis found here, and here is a subter-\\nraneous passage leading to the lead\\nmine in Westhampton. There are\\nsome manufactures in the town,\\nbut the people are generally em-\\nployed in agricultural pursuits, and\\nthe soil is well adapted to that pur-\\npose.\\nSouthampton is pleasantly situa-\\nted, 9 miles S. W. from Northamp-\\nton, and 97 W. by S. from Boston.\\nIncorporated, 1753. Population,\\n1837, 1,216.\\nSoiitli Berwick, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is situated\\non the N. E. side of Salmon Fall\\nriver, 97 miles S. W. from Augusta,\\nand 10 W. N. W. from York. The\\nlimits of the town have recently\\nbeen increased by the addition of a\\nportion of the territory of York.\\nIt was incorporated in 1814. Pop-\\nulation, 1830,1,577; 1837, 2,342.\\nThe Great Falls on the river at this\\nplace afford an hydraulic power of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0410.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "NEW EN^GLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngreat magnitude and value. Man-\\nufacturing operations commenced\\nhere many years ago, and have been\\ngradually increasing but in 1837,\\nthe Great Works Manufacturing\\nCompany was incorporated. This\\ncompany have a large capital, and\\nare making arrangements for man-\\nufacturing on an extensive scale.\\nWhen it is considered that this place\\nis located on navigable waters, and\\nonly about a dozen miles from the\\nbeautiful harbor of Portsmouth, by\\nwater, these operations promise a\\nfavorable result, both to individual\\nenterprise and the public.\\nThe village of South Berwick is\\npleasantly situated it is a place of\\nconsiderable trade, and in the vicin-\\nity of delightful scenery.\\nSoutliborougli, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\ntaken from Marlborough in 1727.\\nIt has a good soil, and is well culti-\\nvated by industrious and skillful\\nfarmers. It is watered by a branch\\nof Sudbury river, and has man-\\nufactures of woolen cloth, boots,\\nshoes, and straw bonnets annual\\nvalue, about $50,000. The Boston\\nand Worcester rail road passes\\nthrough this pleasant town. It\\nlies 26 miles W. from Boston, and\\n15 E. from Worcester. Population,\\n1837, 1,113.\\nSoutlibritlge, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Southbridge was\\ntaken from Sturbridge in 1814.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,444 1837, 1740.\\nIt is 54 miles S. W. from Boston,\\nand 19 S. S. W. from Worcester.\\nThis town is watered by the Quin-\\nneboag, a branch of the Thames,\\nand a good mill stream. There are\\none woolen and three cotton mills\\nin Southbridge, and manufactures\\nof boots, shoes and cutlery the\\nvalue of which, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, was $262,212. This\\ntown has an excellent soil and a\\npleasant and flourishing village.\\nSoutlibury, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. The principal\\nvillage in this town is pleasantly\\nsituated on the Pamperaug, a fine\\nmill stream, which passes through\\nthe town. This village is 20 miles\\nN. W. from New Haven, and 40\\nS. W. from Hartford.\\nThe village of South Britain is\\nabout 4 miles S. W. from the princi-\\npal or central village it is a flour-\\nishing place, containing a num-\\nber of neat buildings, a carpet and\\nseveral hat factories. This village\\nis surrounded by high hills and\\nprecipices, and has a romantic and\\npicturesque appearance. The sur-\\nface of the town is generally un-\\neven there is some good meadow\\nland on Housatonick, Pamperaug,\\nand Shepaug rivers, and the up-\\nlands are warm and productive.\\nSome traces of coal have been dis-\\ncovered.\\nThe northern part of the town is\\ncalled White Oak, from an oak\\ntree under which the first persons\\nwho explored the town encamped.\\nPieces of this tree are considered\\nby some as precious relics. South-\\nbury was formerly attached to\\nLitchfield county. It was a part\\nof Woodbury, and was first settled\\nabout the year 1672. It was incor-\\nporated as a distinct town in 1786.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,557.\\ngoutli Hadley, Mass.\\nHampshire co. Nature and art\\nseem to have united to render this\\nan interesting place. The falls on\\nthe Connecticut are 50 feet not\\nperpendicular, but in so short a\\ndistance as to render the river very\\nrapid. These falls, Mount Hol-\\nyoke at the north part of the town,\\nand Mount Tom on the west side of\\nthe river, with the luxuriant mead-\\nows along this beautiful stream,\\nwould form a picture of no ordinary\\ncharacter. These falls are ren-\\ndered passable for freight and steam", "height": "3358", "width": "2001", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0411.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nboats by a canal of about two miles\\nin length. In this canal is a cut\\ntlirough solid rock, 40 feet in depth\\nand 300 feet in length. The hy-\\ndraulic power, at this place, is very\\ngreat, having the whole volume of\\nConnecticut river and some smaller\\nstreams at command for manufac-\\nturing purposes. Much of the\\nwater power is yet unimproved,\\nbut its local situation is such as to\\ninsure its usefulness as the manu-\\nfacturing interests of New England\\nincrease. There are in South Had-\\nley 3 paper and 2 woolen mills,\\nand manufactures of leather, boots,\\nshoes, pearl buttons, iron, c. to-\\ntal value, the year ending April 1,\\n1S37, $237,650.\\nSouth Hadley lies on the east\\nside of Connecticut river, 90 miles,\\nW. from Boston, and 5 S. by E.\\nfrom Northampton. Incorporated\\nin 1753. Population, 1837, 1,400.\\nSoutli Heroj Vt.\\nGrand Isle co. Lake Champlain\\nbounds this town on all sides.\\nThe passage in the lake however, is\\nvery narrow between the towns of\\nN. and S. Hero. It lies 12 miles\\nN. W. from Burlington, and 16 S. S.\\nW. from St. Albans. The lake is\\nfordable a considerable part of the\\nyear on the Vermont side. This\\ntown was formerly a part of North\\nHero, and was separated from it in\\n1788. First settled, 1784. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 717. South Hero con-\\ntains an area of about 9,065 acres\\nof level land of an excellent soil.\\nIts basis is limestone. It is suppos-\\ned that all the lands of this island\\ncounty were once covered by the\\nwaters of the lake, as clam shells\\nare found incorporated with the\\nrocks in the highest places. The\\nscenery around these islands is\\nbeautiful. This vicinity was a fa-\\nvorite resort for the Indians, as ap-\\npears from a large number of their\\nimplements found on the islands.\\nIt seems they manufactured hatch-\\nets, spear heads, chisels, arrows,\\nand a variety of other implements\\nat this place, from a flint stone not\\nfound in this region, but brought\\nfrom a distance. This town fur-\\nnishes a great abundance of food\\nfor the inhabitants, and some for ex-\\nportation. It feeds about 6,200\\nsheep. This is a pleasant stopping\\nplace for the angler, the painter or\\nthe geologist.\\nSoutliington, Ct.\\nHartford co. Southington was\\ntaken from Farmington in 1779.\\nThere are some elevations in the\\ntown, particularly in the eastern\\npart but the soil is generally very\\ngood for all kinds of grain and the\\npasturage of cattle. It is watered\\nby the Quinnepiack, and the Far-\\nmington canal passes through it.\\nIt contains a neat village, 18 miles\\nS. W. from Hartford and 21 N.\\nfrom New Haven. Population,\\n1830, 1,844.\\nThe inhabitants are generally en-\\ngaged in agriculture yet several\\nkinds of manufactures receive con-\\nsiderable attention. Peck s patent\\nfor machines for making tin ware,\\na most valuable invention, is exclu-\\nsively owned in this town, and the\\nbusiness of making them is exten-\\nsively carried on, by Peck Co.,\\nwhose manufactory supplies almost\\nthe whole of the United States and\\nthe British provinces. The manu-\\nfacture of water cement is very\\nextensively carried on in this town,\\nand furnishes a supply for the wants\\nof the vicinity, and some for distant\\nmarkets. There is an establish-\\nment for the manufacture of lasts,\\nwhich are turned out by a machine\\nthis is effected by having a model\\nof the shape wanted, inserted into\\nthe apparatus connected with the\\nmachinery. Besides the above,\\nthere is a brass foundry and sev-\\neral other establishments, for man-\\nufacturing various articles, such as\\nsaws of different kinds, tin ware,\\ncombs, spoons, clocks, brushes, c.,\\nare in operation, more or less ex-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0412.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntensively, at different times, accor-\\ndino- to the demands of the market.\\nCopper has been discovered, in sev-\\neral places, in the range of moun-\\ntains on the eastern border of the\\ntown.\\nSontli Kingston, R. I.\\nWashington co. Chief town.\\nThis town was formerly a part of\\nNorth Kingston, and was first set-\\ntled in 1670. It is the largest town\\nin the State, comprising 9S square\\nmiles, and within its limits is the\\nnoted Point Judith. It has an\\nuneven surface, a soil of a gravelly\\nloam, based on a granite foundation.\\nLarge quantities of grain of vari-\\nous kinds and of the productions of\\nthe dairy are annually sent to mar-\\nket from this town also the fleeces\\nof about 7,500 sheep. This town\\npossesses great navigable advan-\\ntages; its eastern and southern\\nbonders being washed by the At-\\nlantic ocean and Narraganset bay.\\nIt contains a great number of fresh\\nwater ponds, and a large salt pond\\none of the fresh water ponds, cov-\\ners an area of between three and\\nfour thousand acres.\\nThe fisheries on the shores and\\nin the ponds of South Kingston are\\nof considerable extent and value.\\nThe fish taken are principally bass,\\nalewives, perch and smelts. Some\\nportion of the inhabitants follow a\\nmaritime life for a livelihood.\\nThe principal village in South\\nKingston is improperly called Lit-\\ntle Rest Hill, for it is quite a snug\\nand comfortable place. It lies SO\\nmiles S. from Providence, and 9 S.\\nfrom North Kingston. Population,\\n1830, 3,663.\\nSoutli Reading, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Tliis town was\\ntaken from Reading in 1812. It\\nlies 10 miles N. from Boston, 18 E.\\nby N. from Concord, and 10 W. from\\nSalem. Population, 1330, 1,310;\\n1837, 1,488.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsistofshoes,cabinet ware, chairs\\nshoe tools, razor straps, block tin\\nand tin ware annual value, about\\n$60,000.\\nThis town contains a large and\\nbeautiful pond, the source of Sau-\\ngus river. The village is compact,\\nneat and flourishing.\\nSoiitliwicli, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town is\\nbounded S. by the state of Con-\\nnecticut, and is 100 miles W. by\\nS. from Boston, and 10 W. S. W.\\nfrom Springfield. Incorporated,\\n1779. Population, 1837, 1,291. It\\nis w-atered by a considerable stream,\\nand several ponds in the town sup-\\nply water for the Farmington canal,\\nwhich passes through Southwick.\\nThe manufactures consist of gun-\\npowder, leather, and distilled spir-\\nits annual value, about $70,000.\\nThe surface of the town is eleva-\\nted, but the soil is generally good,\\nparticularly for grazing. The val-\\nue of wool sheared in 1837, was\\n$2,125.\\nSo-vvatlaljgcoolc Rivei Me.\\nPenobscot co. Tliis stream falls\\ninto the Penobscot at Hampden, 5\\nmiles below Bangor. Within 3\\nmiles of its mouth it falls 120 feet,\\nfurnishino- many valuable mill priv-\\nileges. The main branch, which\\nrises in Stetson, unites with the\\nHarvey stream from Levant, and\\nthe Kinsley stream from Etna, both\\naffording excellent mill sites, near\\nthe village in Carmel. Below\\nthese, the Sowadabscook is deep\\nand sluggish, from 15 to 25 yards in\\nwidth, flowing through extensive\\nmeadows, and the Great and Little\\nponds in Hermon, with very little\\ndescent, to the head of the falls m\\nHampden. Near the east line of\\nCarmel, this stream comes within\\nabout 20 rods of the Little Kendus-\\nkeas;, a stream which flows through\\nthe^N. E. part of Carmel, from Le-\\nvant to Bangor and the two streams\\nare united by a branch from 20 to", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0413.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n30 feet wide and 3 feet deep, called\\nthe Cross. The Kenduskeag is so\\nrapid that it rises and falls much\\nquicker than the Sowadabscook.\\nWhen the streams are rising, the\\ncuri ent in the Cross sets towards the\\nSowadabscook, and when falling,\\ntowards the Kenduskeag.\\nThe country watered hy the\\nSowadabscook is generally rather\\nlevel and free from hills, though\\nthere are many swells of very fine\\nfarming land. In the towns of\\nHermon and Hampden is a large\\ntract, very little elevated above the\\nlevel of the stream, and liable to be\\noverflowed by freshets. It is too\\nlow for settlement, and is chiefly\\ncovered with wood. The improve-\\nment of this land requires too great\\nan outlay of capital for a new coun-\\ntry, but it will probably at some\\ntime be among the most valuable\\nin this country for mowing.\\nThere are on this stream, in\\nHampden, five superior saw mills,\\na grist and paper mill, and the privi-\\nleges are excelled by few in New\\nEngland. Upon the Kenduskeag\\nai-e 9 mills below the Cross, many\\nof them superior double mills. The\\npine timber has been cut off upon\\nthe waters of this stream to such an\\nextent, as to give a high value to\\nthat which remains, and to the hem-\\nlock timber, of which there are\\ngreat quantities of fine quality.\\nSince our first pages went to\\npress, we have received, from an\\nobliging fi iend, the following infor-\\nmation in regard to Carniel.\\nThe township of Carmel, border-\\ning on the Sowadabscook, is a very\\nlevel tract of land; most of it of a\\nvery light and fertile soil, free of\\nstone. The valleys have a fine\\ngrowth of pine timber, which has\\nbeen carefully preserved by the\\nowners, and may be run, by means\\nof the Cross, at a small expense,\\neither to Bangor or Hampden.\\nThere is probably no town in this\\nsection of the county, in which.,\\nthere was originally so valuable a\\ngrowth of pine, or in which there\\nis so large a quantity remaining.\\nThe swells are large, and are cov-\\nered with the rock maple, beech,\\nbirch, c., and are of a very supe-\\nrior quality for tillage. Near the\\nstreams are large tracts of intervale\\nof great fertility, and making very\\nfine meadows. There is little waste\\nland in the town. The swamps are\\nfew and of small extent, but fur-\\nnish cedars in sufficient quantities\\nfor fencing, for which use they are\\nthe finest and most durable mate-\\nrial.\\nThe settlement of this town is\\nrapidly progressing, and many of\\nthe farms recently cleared are very\\nsuperior, and the buildings, fences,\\nand improvements, show an active,\\nindustrious and enterprising peo-\\nple.\\nThe village near the centre of\\nthe town, is a very thriving and\\nactive place of business, on the\\nstage road from Bangor to Skowhe-\\ngan, 13 miles W. from Bangor, and\\n11 W. N. y. from Hampden. Here\\nare four stores, two taverns, an\\napothecary shop, potash, black-\\nsmiths, coopers, shoemakers, join-\\ners, and other shops an extensive\\ntannery, mills, c., and a meeting\\nhouse is about being l)uilt. In the\\ntown are five good school houses,\\nfive saw mills, a clapboard and shin-\\ngle mill, grist mill, and clothing\\nmill.\\nThere are found in this town some\\nfine specimens of petrified shells,\\nat an elevation of 125 to 130 feet\\nabove the Penobscot, and near the\\nbanks of the stream, showing that\\nthis valley was once covered by\\nthe ocean.\\nThe roads in the towns watered\\nby this stream are exceedingly well\\nmade, and creditable to the inhab-\\nitants, though it is remarkable, that\\nseveral of them, which were made\\nin the early settlement, pass over\\ndecidedly the most inferior lands in\\nthose towns. This is particularly", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0414.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntrue of the road from Hampden\\nthrough Carmel and Etna to New-\\nport and the settlement of this\\nsection was formerly retarded, with-\\nout doubt, by the unfavorable im-\\npression created by this circum-\\nstance. The projected rail road\\nfrom Bangor to Augusta is survey-\\ned to pass through this town, near\\nthe bank of the stream and the\\nlevel character of the country is\\nexceedingly well adapted for that\\npurpose.\\nSpafford s liaise, N. H.\\nSee Chesier field.\\nSpecl\u00c2\u00a3letl Monntaiu, Me.\\nOxford CO. This mountain lies\\non the line of New Hampshire,\\npartly in the town of Riley, and is\\nsaid to be 4,000 feet above sea\\nlevel.\\nSpencer, Mass*\\nVrorcester co. Seven Mile riv-\\ner, a branch of the Chickopee, wa-\\nters this town. There are two\\nwoolen mills in the town, and man-\\nufactures of scythe snaiths, straw\\nbonnets, boots, shoes, leather, cab-\\ninet ware, chairs, palm-leaf hats,\\nharnesses, and barrels annual val-\\nue, about $80,000.\\nThis township is quite elevated\\nfor the section of country in which\\nit lies. It is stated to be the sum-\\nmit level between the waters of\\nBoston harbor and Connecticut riv-\\ner, 950 feet above the former, and\\n880 feet above the latter. The\\nsurface of the town is agreeably\\nvaried by hills and valleys the\\nsoil is fertile, and cultivated by men\\nof industry and independence.\\nSpencer is 52 miles W. from Bos-\\nton, and 12 Yv^. from Worcester.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 1,618 1837,\\n2,085. It was taken from Leices-\\nter in 1753.\\nSpiggot River, N. H.,\\nRises in Hampstead, and passes\\nthrough Salem, and into the Merri-\\n34\\nmack between Methuen and Dra-\\ncut, Mass., nearly opposite Shaw\\nsheen river, which comes from the\\nS.J through Andover.\\nSplit, Cape, Me.\\nSee Addison.\\nSpringiield, Me.\\nPenobscot co. The Matakeunk,\\na branch of the Matawamkeag,\\nrises here, and, with several ponds,\\ngives the town a considerable wa-\\nter power. The soil of the town is\\nfertile, and in 1837, with a popula-\\ntion of 398, produced 9,429 bushels\\nof wheat. Springfield was No. 5,\\n2d range N. of the Bingham Pur-\\nchase, and was incorporated in 1834.\\nIt lies about 60 miles N. E. by E.\\nfrom Bangor.\\ngpringfieltl, N. H.\\nSullivan co. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Grafton, E. by Wilmot,\\nS. E. by New London, S. by Wen-\\ndell and Croydon, W. by Croydon\\nand Grantham. It lies 35 miles N.\\nW. from Concord and 13 N. E. from\\nNewport. A branch of Sugar riv-\\ner has its source in this town; and\\nalso a branch of the Blackwater\\nriver. The former empties into the\\nConnecticut, the latter into the JNIcr-\\nrimack. There are several ponds,\\nviz. Station pond, about 250 rods\\nlong, 140 wide Cilley pond, 240\\nrods long, and about SO wide Star,\\nStony, and Morgan s ponds. The\\nland is rough and stony. This town\\nwas granted in 1769, by the name\\nof Protectu orth. Its t\\\\rst settle-\\nment commenced in 1772. It was\\nincorporated bv the name of Spring-\\nfield, 1794. Population, 1S30, 1,202.\\nSpringfield, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Springfield is situ-\\nated at the S. E. corner of the\\ncounty, on the W. side of Connect-\\nicut river, and is 70 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, 24 S. from Vv^oodstock,\\nand 110 N. W. from Boston. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,498.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0415.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe land in Springfield is gen-\\nerally rich, with a deep soil suita-\\nble for grass or tillage on the riv-\\ners are extensive intervales, form-\\ning some of the most beautiful farms\\nin the state. The principal agri-\\ncultural products, are corn, rye,\\noats, beef, pork, butter, cheese and\\nwool, of which 17,872 fleeces were\\nshorn in 1837. Many hoi ses are\\nraised in this town and sent to mar-\\nket.\\nThe principal village is situated\\non Black River falls, near the\\ncentre of the town. These falls\\nare about four miles from the con-\\nfluence of Black river with the\\nConnecticut their descent is rapid\\nover a rocky bed, about 60 rods,\\nwhen the waters are contracted,\\nand precipitated 50 or 60 feet down\\nan abrupt ledge into a narrow chan-\\nnel. This ravine extends about 12\\nrods it is 60 or 70 feet deep, and is\\nwalled by perpendicular ledges of\\nmica slate. Over this ravine has\\nbeen erected a bridge, from which\\nmay be had a full view of the falls.\\nA mist constantly arises, in which\\nmay be seen, in a fair day, all the\\ncolors of the rainbow.\\nThere are in Springfield 1 cotton\\nand 2 woolen mills, a sand paper\\nfactory, on an extensive scale,\\nwhich produces an excellent arti-\\ncle, and manufactures of machine\\ncards, machinery, iron ware, lead\\npipe, hats, chair tin and copper\\nwares, scythes, leather, cabinet fur-\\nniture, and various other articles.\\nThis is a very flourishing town,\\nand the scenery around its neat and\\nhandsome village is delightful.\\nSprijigfield, Mass.\\nChief town, Hampden co. This\\nis one of the most beautiful and\\nimportant inland towns in New\\nEngland. It is situated on the east\\nbank of Connecticut river, and is\\nsupplied v/ith a good hydraulic\\npower by Chickopee and Mill riv-\\ners. It is 87 miles W. by S. from\\nBoston, 17 S. by E. from North-\\nampton, and 27 N. from Hartford,\\nCt. Its Indian name was Agawam.\\nFirst settled, 1635. Incorporated,\\n1645. Population, 1820, 3,914;\\n1830, 6,784; 1837, 9,234. Along\\nthe banks of the Connecticut are\\nlarge tracts of fine alluvial meadow,\\nwhich are very productive. Back\\nfrom the river the land rises by a\\ngentle acclivity to an extended pine\\nplain.\\nThe village and business part )f\\nthe town, is on a street between 2\\nand 3 miles in length, running par-\\nallel with the river. This village\\nis very pleasant, well built, and\\ncontains many beautiful buildings.\\nA handsome bridge, 1,234 feet in\\nlength, connects this town with\\nWest Springfield. Boats for the\\ntransportation of passengers, and\\nfor towing freight boats, are con-\\ntinually plying between this place\\nand Hartford, during the season of\\nnavigation. The rail road from\\nBoston to Albany will pass through\\nSpringfield, which, with the great\\nnatural advantages it possesses, must\\nrender it one of the most important\\ncommercial depots on Connecticut\\nriver.\\nAbout 4 miles north of the prin-\\ncipal village, near the confluence\\nof Chickopee river with the Con-\\nnecticut, stands the neat and en-\\nterprising village of Chickopee,\\none of the most beautifully located\\nmanufacturing villages in New\\nEngland.\\nThe United States Arsenal is\\ndelightfully situated on an elevated\\nplain about half a mile east of the\\nprincipal village. The buildings\\nare arranged with great taste and\\njudgment, around a level square of\\n20 acres, and make a fine appear-\\nance. The buildings are all of\\nbrick on one of which is a\\ncupola, from which an extensive\\nand delightful view of Connecticut\\nriver and the surrounding coun-\\ntry is presented. The water works\\nare situated on pylill river, about a\\nmile south of the arsenal. This^", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0416.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "NtW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nestablishment was founded in 1795,\\nand is considered the most impor-\\ntant arsenal of construction in the\\nUnited States. There are 2G0\\nmen constantly employed in the va-\\nrious branches of this manufacture.\\nIn 1837, the lands and buildings\\nattached to this establishment were\\nvalued at $210,000 Machinery,\\n$50,000 170,000 muskets on hand,\\n$2,040,000 muskets manufactured\\nduring the year ending April 1,\\n1S37, 14,000, valued at $154,000\\namount of ordnance and stock on\\nhand, $30,000.\\nAn establishment for the manu-\\nfacture of brass cannon, employing\\n25 hands, lately commenced by a\\nprivate companj^ will manufacture\\ncannon to the amount of $50,000\\nper annum.\\nThere are in Springfield 7 cotton\\nand 4 paper mills, 3 tanneries, and\\nmanufactures of iron castings, cut-\\nlery, ploughs, chairs, cabinet and\\ntin wares, boots, shoes, cards, hard\\nware, steam boats, joiners tools, pa-\\nper machinery, shuttles, bobbins, ri-\\nfles, stoves, machinery, swords, c.\\nThe total value of the manufactures\\nof Springfield, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1S37, exclusive of those\\nby the U. S., amounted to $1,709,-\\n700. See Register.\\nSquam. T^ake, ,c.\\nSquam Lake, N. H., lies on the\\nborders of Holderness, Sandwich,\\nMoultonborough and Centre Har-\\nbor. This is a splendid sheet of\\nwater, indented by points, arched\\nwith coves, and studded with a suc-\\ncession of romantic islands. It is\\nabout 6 miles long, and in its widest\\npart, 3 miles in width. It covers a\\nsurface of between 6,000 and 7,000\\nacres, and is well stored with trout\\nand other fish.\\nSquam JRiver is the outlet of the\\nabove mentioned lake it passes\\nthrough Squam pond in Holder-\\nness, and forms a junction v/ith the\\nPemigewasset, at the S. W. corner\\nof that town.\\nSquam Bay and Village, Mass.\\nThe bay sets up between Glouces-\\nter and the mouth of Ipswich har-\\nbor. The village is on Cape Ann,\\nabout 4 miles N. from the principal\\nvillage of Gloucester, and is the re-\\nsort and residence of a large num-\\nber of enterprising fishermen.\\nSqiiantanagonick, N. H.\\nThe name of a village at the falls on\\nCocheco river, in Rochester, so call-\\ned from the Indian name of the falls.\\nSqiiamscot River, N. H.,\\nOr Swamscot, called also Great\\nor Exeter river. See Exeter.\\nStafForcl, Ct.\\nTolland co. This town lies 24\\nmiles N. E. from Hartford, 6 N. E.\\nfrom Tolland, 27 N. W. from Brook-\\nlyn, 36 N. from Norwich, 14 N. E.\\nfrom Springfield, Mass., and 73 W.\\nS. W. from Boston. Population,\\n1830, 2,515.\\nThe surface of the town is rough\\nin some parts mountainous, abound-\\ning with rocks of primitive forma-\\ntion. Its soil is a coarse, hard and\\ndry gravelly loam generally not\\nvery productive. There are sever-\\nal minerals in the town, but iron\\nore is the principal. As early as\\n1779, a blast furnace was erected\\nhere, and cannon shot, hollow ware,\\n.C., were cast.\\nThe town is watered by Fur-\\nnace river, and the Willimantic,\\nwhich unite in Stafford, and afford\\na good water power. There are in\\nthe town several blast and cupola\\nfurnaces, a cotton mill, manufac-\\ntures of pistols, axes, adzes, car-\\npenters chisels, tailors shears,\\ndrawing knives, and several other\\narticles of cutlery. There are also\\nmanufactures of cotton and woolen\\nmachinery, cabinet ware, brush\\nhandles, iron card cylinders, and\\ntwo forges for making wrought\\niron.\\nStafford Mineral Springs have\\nacquired considerable notice, and", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0417.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nare celebrated for their virtues in\\ncuring cutaneous diseases.\\nThe Indians first made the set-\\ntlers acquainted with the virtues of\\nthese springs, when, in the year\\n1719, this part of the country be-\\ngan to be settled. It has been\\ntheir practice, time immemorial,\\nto resort to them in the warm sea-\\nson, and plant their wigwams round\\nthem. They recommended the wa-\\nter as an eye water but gave, as\\ntheir own particular reason for\\ndrinking it, that it enlivened their\\nspirits. It is said, that in 1766,\\nthese springs were carefully exam-\\nined by Dr. Warren, who then had\\nthoughts of purchasing the land on\\nwhich they rise, with a view of es-\\ntablishing himself upon it. Subse-\\nquent events transformed the phy-\\nsician into a soldier, and Dr. Warren\\nfell in the first great struggle of the\\nRevolution. Dr. Willard afterwards\\nput Dr. Warren s plan into opera-\\ntion, by building a large hotel for\\nthe reception of patients and oth-\\ners. The establishment is at pres-\\nent owned by Mr. Jasper Hyde,\\nand its former reputation is fully\\nsustained, and it is a place of much\\nresort for the purposes of health or\\npleasure during the summer season.\\nThere are two distinct springs, the\\nmedical qualities of which are con-\\nsidered as essefltially different. One\\nof them contains a solution of iron,\\nsustained by carbonic acid gas, a\\nportion of marine salt, some earthly\\nsubstances, and what has been call-\\ned natron, or a native alkali. This\\nspring has been known and used for\\na length of time, and has been pro-\\nnounced by chemists to be one of\\nthe most efficacious chalybeate\\nsprings in the United States. The\\nother spring, the medical virtues of\\nwhich were not known till about\\nthe year 1810, contains, according\\nto the opinion of Professor Silliman,\\n(who examined it in that year) a\\nlarge portion of hydrogen gas, of\\nsulphur, and a small proportion of\\niron. These springs did not acquire\\nmuch celebrity until about the year\\n1765, when a case occurred calcu-\\nlated to establish and extend their\\nreputation. It was an effectual\\ncure of a most obstinate cutaneous\\ncomplaint, which had completely\\nbaffled all medicinal skill, and re-\\nsisted all other applications. The\\npublicity which was given to this\\ncase soon raised the reputation of\\nthese springs and in consequence\\nof which they immediately became\\na place of resort of persons afSict-\\ned with various diseases.\\nStamford, Vt.\\nBennington co. A mountain\\ntownship on the line of Massachu-\\nsetts. It is 9 miles S. W. from Ben-\\nnington, and 21 W. by S. from\\nBrattleborough. Population, 1830,\\n663. Branches of the Hoosack and\\nWalloomsack rise here. There are\\nseveral line fish ponds among the\\nmountains and some good land\\nbut the lands in Stamford are gen-\\nerally too elevated for culture.\\nStamford, C t.\\nFairfield co. This beautiful town\\nis bounded on the S. by Long\\nIsland Sound, and on the N. W. by\\nthe state of New York. Its Indian\\nname was Rij)powams, and was\\npurchased of the natives for twelve\\ncoats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets,\\ntwelve knives, two kettles and four\\nfathom of white wampum. The\\nsoil of Stamford is a rich gravelly\\nloam, well cultivated and very pro-\\nductive. The surface is undula-\\nting, presenting a great variety of\\ndelightful prospects. The town is\\nwell supplied with mill sites by\\nMill and Miannas rivers, and, with-\\nin its bay, between Shippan and\\nGreenwich points, are good harbors\\nfor vessels of 8 1-2 feet draught of\\nwater. There are a number of\\nvessels owned here, and Stamford\\nis a place of an active trade with\\nthe surrounding country and New\\nYork. There are within the limits\\nof the town an iron foundry, a roll-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0418.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning mill, a wire factory, and two\\nlarge boot and slioe manufactories.\\nStamford Borough is a neat vil-\\nlage, beautifully situated near the\\nSound, and surrounded by a coun-\\ntry full of interesting scenery.\\nThis was the residence of the\\nHon. Abraham Daveivport, for\\nmany years one of the Counsellors\\nof the colony, and afterwards of the\\nstate. He was the son of the Rev.\\nJohn Davenport, the second minis-\\nter of Stamford, and grandson of the\\nRev. John Davenport, the father of\\nNew Haven colony. Mr. Daven-\\nport was distinguished for his vig-\\norous mind. Christian integrity, and\\nfor his uncommon iirmness of char-\\nacter. An instance of his firmness\\nis here quoted.\\nThe 19th of May, 1780, was a\\nremarkable dark day. Candles\\nwere lighted in many houses the\\nbirds were silent and disappeared,\\nand the fowls retired to roost. The\\nlegislature of Connecticut was then\\nin session at Hartford. A very\\ngeneral opinion prevailed, that the\\nday of judgment was at hand.\\nThe House of Representatives, be-\\ning unable to transact their business,\\nadjourned. A proposal to adjourn\\nthe Council was under consideration.\\nWhen the opinion of Mr. Daven-\\nport was asked, he answered, I am\\nagainst an adjournment. The day\\nof judgment is either approaching,\\nor it is not. If it is not, there is no\\ncause for an adjournment if it is, I\\nchoose to be found doing mj duty.\\nI wish therefore that candles may\\nbe brought.\\nStandisli, Mc.\\nCumberland co. This township\\nis bounded on the N. and N. E. by\\nSebago Lake, and S. AV by Saco\\nriver. It lies 6S miles S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 16 N. W. from Port-\\nland. This is a good farming town\\nwith two pleasant villages. Incor-\\nporated, 1785. Population, 1837,\\n2,270.\\n34*\\ngtarks, Me.\\nSomerset co. Starks is very\\npleasantly situated on the W. side\\nof Kennebec river, and is also wa-\\ntered by the Sandy, which unites\\nwith the Kennebec at this place.\\nThis town possesses great resources\\nin the fertility of the soil, its loca-\\ntion for trade, and its mill privileges.\\nIt lies 37 miles N. N. E. from Au-\\ngusta, and 6 W. by N. from Nor-\\nridgev/ock. Incorporated, 1795.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,424. Wheat\\ncrop same year, 7,614 bushels.\\nStark, N. II.\\nCoos CO. This town was named\\nPiercy, until a few years since.\\nIt was then altered to compliment\\nthe memory of Gen. Stark. It con-\\ntains about 20,000 acres, most of\\nwhich is broken and extremely un-\\neven. It was settled in 17SS, but\\nthe progress of the settlement has\\nbeen very slow. Population, 236.\\nIt lies 10 miles N. E. from Lancas-\\nter.\\nStarlcsljorougii, Vt.\\nAddison co. This town is wa-\\ntered by Lewis creek and Hunting-\\nton river, which are good mill\\nstreams. There are three springs\\nin the town, not more than 20 rods\\napart, which unite and form a\\nstream of sufficient power for a\\nnumber of mills, and is thus im-\\nproved. The town is rough and\\nmountainous. Hog s Back moun-\\ntain skirts its western border, and\\nEast mountain passes through its\\ncentre, and divides the waters of\\nthe rivers. There is some good\\nland in the tovirn, but a large portion\\nof the territory is too elevated for\\ncultivation. Here are 2 villages,\\nand the manufactures of iron are\\nconsiderable.\\nStarksborough was first settled in\\n178S. It is 22 miles W. by S. from\\nMontpelier, and 18 N. by E. from\\nMiddleburv. Population, in 1830,\\n1,342.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0419.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSterling, Vt.\\nLamoille co. Sterling Peak, in\\nthe South part of this town, ranks\\namong the most elevated summits\\nof the Green Mountain range.\\nSome streams i?sue from this moun-\\ntain town. It was first settled in\\n1799, and contains 23,040 acres of\\nland. The quality of the soil may-\\nbe known by the number of its in-\\nhabitants, 183 and by the number\\nof its sheep, 350. It lies 24 miles\\nN. by Vi. from Montpelier.\\nSterling, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\nfirst settled about the year 1721.\\nIt was taken from Lancaster, in\\n1781. It lies 40 miles W. from\\nBoston, and 12 N. from Worcester.\\nIt is watered by Still river. Its\\nsurface is uneven, and its soil light.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,650. The man-\\nufactures of the town consist of\\nboots, shoes, leather, straw bonnets,\\npalm-leaf hats, scythe snaiths,\\nchairs and cabinet ware total\\namount, for the year ending April\\n1, 1837, $76,528, of which \u00c2\u00a7^53,\\n228, was for chairs and cabinet\\nware.\\nSterling, Ct.\\nWindham co. This town lies 10\\nmiles S. E. from Brooklyn, and 44\\nE. by S. from Hartford. It was\\ntaken from Voluntown in 1794.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,240. The soil\\nis a light gravelly and sandy loam,\\nand produces good grain. Sterling\\nis watered by two branches of\\nMoosup river, a good mill stream,\\non which are four cotton mills.\\nNear the centre of this town,\\nthere is a cavern, called the Dev-\\nil s Den, possessing very singular\\nand curious features. It is situated\\nwithin a ledge of rocks, and has a\\ncircular area of about 100 feet in\\ndiameter. The rock is cleft in two\\nplaces, forming at each a chasm or\\nfissure about 50 feet in depth.\\nthrough one of which there runs\\na small stream of water the other\\ncommunicates with a room about\\n12 feet square, at the interior part\\nof which there is a fire place, and\\na chimney extending through the\\nrock above, forming an aperture of\\nabout 3 feet square. In another\\npart of the rock there is a natural\\nstair case, winding around it from\\nthe bottom to the top. In the cold\\nseason of the year, a large mass of\\nice is formed in the room above de-\\nscribed, by the dashing of the water\\ndown ihe chimney, which contin-\\nues there through nearly the whole\\nof tlie warm months, the sun being\\nalmost excluded from this subter-\\nranean recess.\\nStetson, Me.\\nPenobscot co. This town is\\nbounded N. by Exeter, and S. by\\nEtna and Carmel. It is 63 miles\\nN. E. from Augusta, and 18 W. N.\\nW. from Bangor. It is watered by\\nbranches of the Sebasticook and\\nSowadabscook, Avhich rise here. It\\nwas incorporated in 1831. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 114; 1837,437. The sur-\\nface of the town is undulating, and\\nthe soil excellent. Wheat crop,\\n1837, 3,704 bushels.\\nSteiil en, Me.\\nWashington co. This is a mar-\\nitime township, and comprises Doz-\\ner s Bay, which sets up from the\\nsea about 9 miles, and contains a\\nnumber of good harbors. This bay\\nlies between Little Menan Point\\nand Goldsborough harbor. It is\\nabout a mile wide at its mouth.\\nSteuben is a place of considera-\\nble ship building, and a number of\\nvessels are owned here, employed\\nin the coasting trade and fishery.\\nNarraguagus river passes its north-\\neastern border.\\nSteuben lies 107 miles E. from\\nAugusta, and about 35 W. by S.\\nfiom Machias. Incorpoi-ated, 1795.\\nPopulation, 1837, 802.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0420.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nStevens River, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This excellent\\nmill stream rises in Peacham and\\nRyegate. It received its name in\\ncompliment to Captain Phineas Ste-\\nvens, the bravedcfender of Charles-\\ntown, N. H. The waters of this\\nriver are remarkably clear, and its\\nbanks luxuriant and romantic. It\\nmeanders about 15 miles, and in its\\ncourse through Barnet it receives\\nHarvey s lake, a pellucid sheet of\\nwater, covering an area of 300\\nacres. This beautiful river min-\\ngles its crystal waters with those of\\nthe Connecticut, at Barnet, by a\\nleap of 100 feet in the distance of\\nten rods, as it were in joy to meet\\na sister stream on its passage to the\\nbosom of the ocean.\\nStewai tstowii, N. II.,\\nCoos CO., lies on the E. side of\\nthe Connecticut, which washes its\\nW. boundary, a distance of 7 miles.\\nIt lies 150 miles N. W. from Port-\\nland, 150 N. from Concord, and\\nis bounded N. by Canada.\\nThe Connecticut river is about\\n15 rods in width at this place.\\nBishop s brook, a considerable\\nstream, rises in this town, and falls\\ninto the Connecticut at the N. W.\\ncorner. Dead water and Mohawk\\nrivers have their sources here.\\nHall s stream, also, unites with\\nthe Connecticut in Stewartstown.\\nThere are two ponds in the E. part\\nof this town, called Little and Great\\nDiamond ponds, both well stocked\\nwith salmon trout. There are no\\nlarge mountains in Stewartstown,\\nalthough there are many elevations.\\nThe soil of the intervale is rich,\\nand the uplands productive.\\nStewartstown was incorporated in\\n1799. During the late war a block\\nhouse or fort was erected in this\\ntown for dei ence by a company of\\nmilitia, and occupied until August,\\n1S14, when it was destroyed. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 529.\\nStill-^vater, Me.\\nPenobscot co. A very flourish-\\ning village, on the lower falls of\\nPenobscot river, in the town of Oro-\\nno. An immense amount of lum-\\nber is sawed at this place, and raft-\\ned down to the Bangor market. See\\nOrono.\\nStockbridge, Vt.\\nWindsor co. This town lies 3G\\nmiles S. by W. from Montpelier,\\nand 26 N. W. from Windsor. First\\nsettled, 1783. Population, 1830,\\n1,333.\\nWhite river passes through the\\ntown, and at a place called the\\nGreat Narrows, it is compressed\\ninto a channel of but a few feet in\\nwidth, and, affords the only good\\nmill seat in town. The soil of the\\ntown is better for pasturage than\\ntillage. It feeds about five thou-\\nsand five hundred sheep.\\nStockbridge, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This is a fine\\nfarming town on both sides of the\\nHousatonick river, 130 miles W.\\nfrom Boston, and 6 S. from Lenox.\\nIncorporated, 1739. Population,\\n1830, 1,580; 1837, 2,036.\\nThe soil of this town is adapted\\nto all kinds of culture much of it\\nis rich alluvial meadow, and the\\nuplands produce excellent feed for\\ncattle.\\nHere is an excellent hydraulic\\npower, and a pleasant village on an\\nextended plain, surrounded by de-\\nlightful scenery.\\nThere arc one cotton and two\\nwoolen mills in the town, two tan-\\nneries, and manufactures of pig\\niron, iron castings, chairs, boots,\\nshoes, and machinery for boring\\niron and wood total amount of the\\nmanufactures, for the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, $380,765. Marble\\nis abundant.\\nA tribe of Indians had a reserva-\\ntion of 6 miles square in this town.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0421.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfrom the year 1735 to their rerao\\nval to New Stockbridge, Oneida\\ncounty, New York. In 1735 there\\nwere 90 adult Indians in the tribe,\\nof whom 52 were baptized by the\\nRev. John Sargent, a faithful mis-\\nsionary, and their first spiritual\\nguide.\\nStoddard, N. H,\\nCheshire CO. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Washington, E. by VV^ind-\\nsor and Antrim, S. by Nelson and\\nSullivan, and W. by Gilsum and\\nMarlow. It is 14 miles N. N. E.\\nfrom Keene, and 42 W. S. W. from\\nConcord.\\nThis town is situated on the lieight\\nof land between Merrimack and\\nConnecticut rivers. It is mountain-\\nous and very rockJ^ The soil is\\nbetter adapted to grazing than til-\\nlage. The south branch of Ashue-\\nlot river has its source near the cen-\\ntre of the town. The streams in\\nthe cast section, fall into the Mer-\\nrimack those on the west, into the\\nConnecticut. There are fourteen\\nponds, some of which are of con-\\nsiderable magnitude.\\nThis town was formerly called\\nLimerick. It was incorporated in\\n1774, v/hen it received the name of\\nStoddard, from Col. Samson Stod-\\ndard, of Chelmsford, to whom with\\nseveral others it was granted. The\\nsettlement commenced in June,\\n17G9. The first family was that of\\nJohn Taggard, whose privations\\nand hardships were very great.\\nTheir grain was procured at Peter-\\nborough, at the distanceof 20 miles,\\nwhich was conveyed by him on his\\nback through the pathless wilder-\\nness. At one time, they had noth-\\ning, for six days, on which to sub-\\nsist, but the flesh of the moose.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,159.\\nStoiaeliam, Me.\\nOxford CO. Stoneham was incor-\\nporated in 1834. It lays westerly\\nof Albany, and comprises the grant\\nto Fryeburgh Academy. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 290.\\nStoiieliani, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a small\\ntown, rocky and uneven. It has\\nsome good soil and much wood. In-\\ncorporated, 1725. Population, 1837,\\n932.\\nDuring the year ending April 1,\\n1837, there were made in this town\\n380,100 pairs of shoes; valued at\\n$184,717, employing more than\\nhalf its inhabitants.\\nSpot Pond, a beautiful sheet of\\nsoft and pure water, lies in this\\ntown, 8 miles N. from Boston. It\\ncovers an area of 283 acres, and is\\n143 feet above high water mark,\\nat Boston.\\nStoiiiiigtoiJj Ct.\\nNev\\\\r London co. This town is\\nsituated at the eastern extremity\\nof Long Island Sound at the S. E.\\ncorner of the state, and on the line\\nof Rhode Island. It contains an\\narea of about six square miles. The\\nland is rocky and uneven, but fertile\\nand productive. A considerable\\namount of agricultural products is\\nannually sent from this town to\\nNantucket and other places. It is\\nwatered by the Mystic and Pauca-\\ntuck, considerable streams, on\\nwhich are cotton, woolen and other\\nfactories. Stonington was first set-\\ntled in 1649, and incorporated in\\n1658. Population, 1830, 3,101.\\nThis place was bombarded by\\nBritish ships during the revolution-\\nary war, and again on the 10th of\\nAugust, 1814, and gallantly de-\\nfended.\\nThe harbor of Stonington sets up\\nfrom the Sound, opposite Fisher s\\nisland, and is well protected by an\\nexpensive Breakwater.\\nThis place is noted for the com-\\nmercial enterprise of its people.\\nLarge capitals are employed in the\\nwhale, seal, and cod fisheries. Five\\nwhale ships recently arrived, bring-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0422.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning each, on an average, 3,100 bar-\\nrels of oil, and 25,000 pounds of\\nbone. The sealing business in the\\nPacific Ocean, has been conducted\\nhere, very extensively, for many\\nyears, with great success. Many\\nships are built, and a large number\\nof coasting vessels, and some in the\\nWest India trade, belong to this\\nport. This place is accommodated\\nwith a marine rail way, and a light\\nhouse at the entrance of the har-\\nbor.\\nStoningtoii Borough is located on\\na narrow point of land, extending\\ninto the Sound about half a mile.\\nIt was incorporated in ISOl. It is\\nhandsomely laid out, is well built,\\nand contains about 1,200 inhabitants.\\nMany strangers visit this place in\\nsummer months to enjoy the marine\\nair and delightful scenery. It lies\\n54 miles S. E. from Hartford, 12 E.\\nfrom New London, and 62 E. from\\nNew Haven.\\nStonington is an important point\\non the New York, Providence, and\\nBoston Rail Road. The distance\\nfrom New York to Brooklyn, on\\nLong Island, across the ferry, is\\nhalf a mile; from Brooklyn to Green-\\nport, at the easterly part of Long\\nIsland, is 9S miles from thence,\\nacross the Sound, to Stonington,\\n25 from Stonington to Providence,\\n47 and from Providence to Boston\\n41 miles. Total distance from New\\nYork to Boston,by this route, 211 1-2\\nmiles.\\nUntil the completion of the rail\\nroad on Long Island, passengers arc\\nconveyed to and from New York,\\ndaily, by safe and splendid steam\\nboats.\\nStop River) Mass.\\nThis stream rises from ponds in\\nW rentham, and joins Charles river\\nat Medfield.\\nStougliton, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. Some of the head\\nwaters of Neponset river rise in\\nthis town. When the Indians sold\\ntheir lands in Dorchester, a resi-\\ndence was established for them at\\nthis place, and called Punkapog.\\nThere were 12 families of Chris-\\ntain Indians here in 1674. Mr.\\nElliot, the apostle of the Indians,\\nhad the chief agency in their re-\\nmoval.\\nThere are two cotton and a wool-\\nen mill in the town, and manufac-\\ntures of boots, shoes, shoe tools, and\\nboot forms total value of manu-\\nfactures, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, exclusive of cotton goods,\\n,$525,940 of which $487,390 was\\nfor boots and shoes. Hands em-\\nployed in the various manufactures,\\n928.\\nStoughton was incorporated in\\n1736. It lies 20 miles S. from Bos-\\nton, and 10 S. from Dedham. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,591 1837, 1,993.\\nStow, Me.\\nSee Down East.\\nStow, Vt.\\nLamoille co. Waterbury river\\nand its branches give this town a\\ngood water power, and by which\\nseveral mills are put into operation.\\nStow is situated between the Mans-\\nfield and Hog s Back mountains,\\nand contains a large tract of level,\\nfertile land, which appears to have\\nbeen of alluvial formation. This\\nvalley contains some very beautiful\\nand productive farms. Between\\nfive and six thousand sheep are\\nkept, and the exports of agricultu-\\nral products are valuable. Stow is\\na flourishing town, and contains a\\nneat and pleasant mountain valley\\nvillage.\\nThis town was first settled in\\n1793. It lies 15 miles N. N. W. from\\nMontpelier, 12 S. from Hyde Park,\\nand 26 E. from Burlington. Popu-\\nlation, 1820, 957 1830, 1,570.\\nSto^v, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Stow is watered\\nby the Assabet river, and possesses\\na good water power. The soil is", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0423.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlight and sandy, and good for the\\ngrowth of hops. It lies 24 miles\\nW, by N. fi-om Boston, and S \\\\V.\\nby S. from Concord. Incorporated,\\n1683. Population, 1837, 1,134.\\nThere are two woolen mills in\\nthe town, and manufactures of\\nleather, boots, shoes, straw bonnets,\\nand palm-leaf hats: total value,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$231,611.\\nStrafford County, BT. H.\\nDover, Gilmanton, Gilford and\\nRochester, are the shire towns.\\nStrafford county is bounded N. by\\nthe county of Coos, E. by the state\\nof Maine, S. and S. W. by Rock-\\ningham and Merrimack counties,\\nW. by the Pemigewasset river,\\nwhich separates it from parts of the\\ncounties of Grafton and Merrimack,\\nand N. W. by Grafton county. It\\nis 63 miles in length, from the\\nmouth of Lamprey river to the N.\\nline of Albany 33 miles wide at\\nthe centre. Its shape, like that of\\nall the other counties in the state, is\\nirregular. It contains an area of\\n1,345 square miles. This county,\\nwhich extends to the neighborhood\\nof the White mountains, has sever-\\nal considerable mountains within its\\nlimits. Chocorua Peak, in Albany,\\nSandwich mountain in the same\\nrange, Ossipee and Effingham moun-\\ntains, Gunstock mountain, in Gil-\\nford, Moose, in Brookfield and Mid-\\ndlcton, TenerifFe, in Milton, and the\\nridge denominated Blue Hills, are\\nthe most elevated. Red Hill, in\\nMoultonborough, has a command-\\ning elevation, and has long attracted\\nvisitors. Below, the waters of the\\nWinnepisiogee lie open to the eye,\\nand its numerous islands and bays\\npresent a fine appearance. This\\nlake is much the largest body of\\nwater in the state, being 22 miles\\nlong, and varying from one to eight\\nmiles in width. Sullivan orSquam\\nlake, lies partly in this county, and\\nis 6 miles in length, and nearly 5 in\\nwidth. Ossipee lake is also in tbis\\ncounty. Great bay, Long bay and\\nMerry meeting bay, are connec-\\nted with the Winnepisiogee lake.\\nSmith s pond, in Wolfeborough\\nSixmile,in Eaton, Merrymeeting,\\nin New Durham, and Lovewell, in\\nWakefield, are the principal ponds.\\nThe larger rivers, are the Piscata-\\nqua, Salmon Falls, Cocheco, Saco\\nand Swift rivers. The soil of\\nStrafford county, though presenting\\na great variety, is generally good.\\nThe lands are generally hard of\\ncultivation, but the patient laborer\\nfinds an ample reward for his in-\\ndustry. This county possesses a\\nlarge hydraulic power, and manu-\\nfacturing establishments are con-\\nstantly increasing on its streams.\\nPopulation, 1830, 58,916. Popula-\\nlation to a square mile, 44. In\\n1S37, there were 53,602 sheep in\\nStrafford county.\\nStraiTord, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town lies 15\\nmiles N. W. fi-om Dover, and 25\\nE. N. E. from Concord, and is about\\n7 miles in length, 6 1-2 wide. Bow\\npond is in the S. W. part of the\\ntown, and is about 650 rods long,\\n400 wide its waters form one of\\nthe principal branches of the Is-\\ninglass river. The range of Blue\\nhills crosses the N. W. part of the\\ntown. The soil here is generally\\nof a good quality. Strafford was\\nformerly a part of Barrington, and\\nwas incorporated in 1820. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 2,200.\\nStrafford, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town is water-\\ned by a branch of Ompomponoo-\\nsuc river, and lies 30 miles S. S. E.\\nfrom Montpelier, 30 N. from Wind-\\nsor, and 11 S. S. E. from Chelsea.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,935.\\nThe surface of the town is rough,\\nbut the soil is productive. It feeds\\na large number of sheep. The\\nmanufacturing interests of Strafford\\nare quite extensive.\\nIn this township is an extensive", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0424.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbed of the sulphuret of iron, from\\nwhich immense quantities of cop-\\nperas are manufactured. The ore is\\nsituated on the east side of an eleva-\\ntion, and the bed is about half a mile\\nin length, and from two to three\\nrods in width. Its depth has not\\nbeen ascertained. A company was\\nincorporated by the name of the\\nVermont Mineral Factory Compa-\\nny, in October, 1809, which im-\\nmediately commenced the manu-\\nfacture of copperas, at this place.\\nIn 1822, 180 tons of copperas were\\nmanufactured here, and in 1823,\\n158 tons; since that time the man-\\nvifacture has increased. The ore is\\ncovered to the depth of about three\\nfeet with a stratum of earth. Be-\\nlow this is a stratum of ferrugin-\\nous petrifactions, which exhibits\\nforms of buds, leaves, limbs of\\ntrees, c. in admirable perfection.\\nThis stratum varies from two to\\nthree feet in depth. Below this\\nlies the bed of sulphuret of iron.\\nIt is very compact. Its colors are\\nbrilliant, varying from that of steel\\nto a bright yellow, and its appear-\\nance is occasionally diversilied by\\nsmall quantities of green copper\\nore. It is also traversed in many\\nparts by small veins of quartz. The\\nore is detached from the bed in\\nlarge masses, by blasting. It is\\nthen beaten to pieces with ham-\\nmers and tiirown into heaps several\\nrods in length, about 12 feet in\\nwidth, and seven or eight in height.\\nHere it is suffered to lie exposed\\nto the action of the air and moist-\\nure until a spontaneous combus-\\ntion takes place, and the whole\\nheap is converted from the sulphu-\\nret to the sulphate of iron, which\\nusually takes several weeks. After\\nthe process of burning is comple-\\nted, the residue is removed to the\\nleaches, where water is passed\\nthrough it which dissolves the cop-\\nperas and leaves the earthy matter\\nbehind. The water is then con-\\nveyed to the boilers, which are\\nmade of lead, and weigh about\\n2,.500 pounds each. Here it is\\nboiled and evaporated to a certain\\nextent, and suffered partially to\\ncool. It is then transferred to the\\ncrystalizers, where the copperas\\ncontinues to crystalize, while cool-\\ning, and when the crystalization\\nceases, the water is again returned\\nto the boilers, mixed with water\\nfrom the leaches, and again evapo-\\nrated.\\nStratford, N. H.\\nCoos CO. This town lies on the\\nE. bank of Connecticut river, 16\\nmiles above Lancaster. The town\\nis large, extending 10 miles on the\\nriver, with a fertile intervale of 1-4\\nto 1 mile wide. This meadow is\\nskirted in many places by a narrow\\nplain, succeeded by the mountain-\\nous regions, covering the whole E.\\nand N. divisions of the town. The\\nsoil, except along the river, is rocky,\\ngravelly and cold. The Peaks,\\ntvv o mountains of a conical form,\\nsituated in the S. E. part of the\\ntown, are seen at a great distance.\\nThey are discovered immediately\\non entering Dalton, 30 miles below,\\nand stand as land marks in front or\\nto the right, till, on nearer approach,\\nthey are lost beliind the intervening\\nhills. Bog brook and several small-\\ner streams, here fall into the Con-\\nnecticut; and Nash s stream cross-\\nes the S. E. part of the town into\\nthe Amonoosuck. There is a pond\\nin the S, E. part of the tovv^n, the\\nwaters of v. hich pass into the Amo-\\nnoosuck. Stratford was incorpora-\\nted in 1779. Population, in 1830,\\n443.\\nThomas Burnsidc, of this town,\\nw^as one of Rogers Rangers in the\\nFrench war. Some years after-\\nwards, he was desirous of becoming\\na justice of the peace. He procur-\\ned Colonel Barr to assist his views,\\nand carrying with him, by his di-\\nrection, as a present, a firkin of\\nbutter and a piece of linen, waited\\nupon Gov. Went worth, at Ports-\\nmouth. He stated to tlie governor", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0425.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthat the inhahitants of his town\\ncould not live peaceably any longer\\nwithout a magistrate. The gover-\\nnor enquired how many inhabitants\\nbelonged to the town, and who was\\nthe fittest man for the office. Thom-\\nas answered that himself and his\\nneighbor were the only inhabitants,\\nand himself the only man qualified\\nfor the appointment; for his neigh-\\nbor was no more fit for a justice of\\nthe peace than the d 1 was. The\\ngovernor gave him his commission,\\nand was highly amused with the\\nsingularity of the application.\\nStratford, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This town was first\\nsettled in 1639, by persons from\\nBoston, Roxbury and Concord,\\nMass. and Wethersfield, Ct. Its\\nIndian name was Cupheag.\\nStratford is about 6 miles in\\nlength from north to south, and its\\nbreadth from east to west is be-\\ntween 2 and 3 miles. It is bound-\\ned north by Huntington, west by\\nTrumbull and Biidgeport, east by\\nthe Housatonick, dividing it from\\nMilford, and south by Long Island\\nSound. The central part of the\\ntown is 13 miles S. W. from New-\\nHaven, and 8 E. by N. from Fair-\\nfield. The township is mostly level\\nand free from stone, and there is a\\nvery rich alluvial tract of mead-\\nows on the river and harbor. The\\nprincipal street in the town, is one\\nmile in length, running north and\\nsouth, parallel to the Housatonick;\\nit is level, pleasant, and ornament-\\ned with shade trees. On this street,\\nand others, in the immediate vi-\\ncinity, there are about 200 dwell-\\ning houses, and 4 houses for pub-\\nlic worship.\\nThis place lies at the mouth of\\nHousatonick river, and has consid-\\nerable inland and coasting trade.\\nStratford Point, jutting out into\\nthe Sound, is very pleasant, and a\\nnoted landing place for passengers.\\nGen. David Wooster, was a\\nnative of this town, and was born\\nin 1711. He was a brave and good\\nofficer, an ardent patriot, and in his\\nvarious public and private relations,\\nsustained a character distinguished\\nfor integrity, benevolence and vir-\\ntue. He was mortally wounded in\\na skirmish with the British troops,\\nat the time of their incursion to\\nDanbury, in 1777.\\nStratliaiii, N. K.\\nRockingham CO. This town lies 39\\nmiles S. E. by E. from Concord, 3 E.\\nN. E. from Exeter, and is situated\\non the E. side of the W. branch of\\nthe Piscataqua river. Stratham is\\ndistant about 8 miles from the sea.\\nThe land is even, and well calcu-\\nlated for agricultural purposes.\\nFarming is so exclusively the em-\\nployment of the people, that al-\\nthough a navigable river adjoins it,\\nthere is little attention given to any\\nother pursuit. In the east part ot\\nthe town, in a swamp, is perhaps\\nthe largest repository of peat in the\\nstate. This town was a part of the\\nSquamscot patent, or Hilton s pur-\\nchase. It was made a town by\\ncharter, P/Iarch 20, 1716. Popula-\\ntion, in 1830, 838.\\nStrattoii, Vt.\\nWindham co. A mountainous\\ntownship in the west part of the\\ncounty, 18 miles N. E. from Ben-\\nnington, and 22 N. W. from Brat-\\ntleborough. Branches of Deerfield\\nand Winhall ]-ivers rise here from\\ntwo ponds. The soil is cold and\\ngenerally unprofitable. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 312.\\nStrong, Me.\\nFranklin co. This excellent\\ntownship lies on both sides of Sandy\\nriver, 45 miles N. Vi. from Augus-\\nta, and bounded South by Farming-\\nton. Population, in 1837, 1,091.\\nThere is a large body of intervale\\nland on the Sandy, very fertile and\\nproductive. Strong contains a\\npleasant and flourishing village,\\nsome mills on the stream, and sev-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0426.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\neral very beautiful ponds. In Por-\\nter s pond, about two miles long,\\na salmon trout was taken, which\\nweighed twenty seven and a half\\npounds.\\nStrong was incorporated in 1801,\\nand named in honor of Caleb\\nStroxg, LL. D., formerly a\\nSenator to Congress, from Ptlassa-\\nchusetts, and Governor of that state\\n9 years. He died at Northampton,\\nMass., his native town, Nov. 7,\\n1819, aged 74 years.\\nSturtoridge, 3Isss.\\nWorcester co. This is a very\\npleasant town, and is well watered\\nby Quinebaug river. It lies (JO\\nmiles W. S. W. from Boston, and\\n18 S. W. from Worcester. Incor-\\nporated, 173S. Population, 1830,\\n1,688 1837, 2,004. The surface of\\nthe town is uneven and hilly, and\\nthe soil hard to subdue but it has\\nbecome productive by good man-\\nagement. There are some good\\ntish ponds in the town, which serve\\nto swell the Quinebaug. There\\nare 6 cotton mills in Sturbridge and\\nmanufactures of boots, shoes, leath-\\ner, chairs, cabinet ware, clothing,\\npalm-leaf hats, trunks harnesses,\\nchairs, wagons, sleighs and pocket\\nrifles; total value, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, $182,415.\\nSuccess, N. II.\\nCoos CO. There are several con-\\nsiderable moun^aius in this tract,\\nand two or three ponds. Narmar-\\ncungawack and Live rivers rise\\nhere, and pass westerly into the\\nAndroscoggin. Success was grant-\\ned Feb. 12, 1773, to Benjamin\\nMackay and others and is 143\\nmiles N. by E. from Concord. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 14.\\nSudbury, Vt.\\nRutland co. A part of Hubbards-\\nton, and Hinkum s ponds lie in this\\ntown, neither of which, nor Otter\\nCreek, which passes through the\\neastern part, produce any consider-\\nable water privileges. The soil is\\ngenerally a warm loam and produc-\\ntive the surface is elevated, and, in\\nthe centre of the town, mountain-\\nous. There are about 5,500 sheep\\nin the town. Sudbury is 43 miles\\nS. W. from Montpelier, 47 S. by E.\\nfrom Burlington, and 17 N. W. from\\nRutland. Population, 1830, 812.\\nSudbury River, Mass.\\nThis river rises in Hopkinton\\nand its neighborhood, and after\\npassing Franiingham, Natick, Sud-\\nbury, V\u00c2\u00bb aylond and Lincoln, it\\njoins the Assabet at Concord.\\nSudbury, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This ancient\\ntown is situated on the west side\\nof a river of the same name, 19\\nmiles W. by N. from Boston, and\\n8 S. W. from Concord. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,388. It is watered by\\na small stream, a branch of Sudbu-\\nry river. There is a paper mill\\nin the town, a plough factory, and\\nmanufactuies of boots and shoes*\\nannual value about j?20,000.\\nSudbury was tirst settled in 1635.\\nIn 1676, about 70 men, on theii\\nmarch for the relief of Marlbo-\\nrough, fell into an ambuscade with\\nthe Indians: twenty six of the En-\\nglish were ]eft dead on the field\\nthe residue were captured, and ma-\\nny of them afterwards tortured and\\nslain. West of Sudbury causeway,\\nis a monument erected to their\\nmemory, by president Wadsworth,\\nof Harvard College, a son of the\\nCaptain of the Band.\\nSuffield, Ct.\\nHartford co. Suffield lies on the\\nwest side of Connecticut river, and\\nis bounded N. by Massachusetts, to\\nwhich state it was attached until\\n1752. This territory, 8 by 5 miles,\\nwas purchased about the year 1670,\\nof two Indian Chiefs, for one hun-\\ndred dollars. The surface on the\\nbanks of the river, are elevated,\\nand althoush the town is without", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0427.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmuch alluvial meadow, the soil be-\\ning of a strong deep loam, is very\\nfertile, and productive. Suffield\\ncontains some of the best farms in\\nthe state. It lies 16 miles N. from\\nHartford, and 10 S. from Spring-\\nfield. Population 1S30, 2,690.\\nThe principal village is pleas-\\nantly located on rising ground it\\ncontains many handsome buildings\\nit is the site of the Connecticut\\nLiterary Institution, and com-\\nmands delightful views of the riv-\\ner and circumjacent country.\\nGiDEo^r Granger, post master\\ngeneral of the United States from\\n1801 to 1814, was born in Suffield,\\nin 1767. He died at Caaandaigua,\\nN. Y., in 1822.\\nOliver Phelps, Esq., a man\\nof extraordinary enterprise and ex-\\ntensive business, was for many\\nyears a resident of this tov/n. He\\nwas the maker of his own fortunes.\\nHe was a native of Windsor, but\\nwas bred in this town, and received\\na mercantile education. He en-\\ngaged in business in Granville,\\nMass., and soon became a very en-\\nterprising, sagacious and successful\\ntrader. During the revolutionary\\nwar, he was employed by the state\\nof Massachusetts, in the commis-\\nsary department. Whilst in this\\nsituation, his transactions were of\\na most extensive and responsible\\nnature, and his own paper formed\\na kind of circulating medium. Af-\\nterwards he purchased a large es-\\ntate, and returned to this town. In\\n1789, he, in connection with the\\nHon. Mr. Gorham, purchased of\\nthe commonwealth of Massachu-\\nsetts, a tract of land in the western\\npart of the state of New York, in\\nwhat is commonly called the Gen-\\nesee country, comprising 2,200,000\\nacres. This is probably the great-\\nest land purchase, or speculation,\\never made by two individuals in the\\nUnited States. This is a very ex-\\ncellent tract of land, having a mild\\nclimate, and fertile soil, and an\\nabundance of waters, and is now\\ncomprised in the extensive counties\\nof Ontario and Steuben. In 1795,\\nMr. Phelps, together with William\\nHart and their associates, purchas\\ned of Connecticut, the tract of land\\nin the state of Ohio, called the\\nWestern Reserve, comprising 3,-\\n300,000 acres.\\nSiifFolk: CoTiiiity, Mass.\\nSee Boston and Chelsea.\\nSugar R,ivcr, W. H.\\nThis river originates from Suna-\\npee Lake it passes through part of\\nWendell, the whole of Newport,\\nand nearly through the centie of\\nClaremont, where it meets the Con-\\nnecticut. Red Water brook, in\\nClaremont, is a tributary of Sugar\\nriver.\\nSullivan, Me.\\nHancock co. This maritime\\ntown is situated at the head of\\nFrenchman s bay, 93 miles E. from\\nAugusta, and 17 E. by S. from\\nEllsworth. Population l837, 611.\\nSullivan has mill privileges, and is\\nfinely located for ship building, and\\nother branches of business connec-\\nted with navigation.\\nThis town was incorporated in\\n1789, and received its name in hon-\\nor of John Sullivan, LL. D.,\\na major general in the revolution-\\nary war afterwards member of\\ncongress, president of New Hamp-\\nshire, and district Judge of the U.\\nS. Court. He was born in Maine,\\nand died in New Hampshire, 1795.\\nJames Sullivan, LL. D., a\\nbrother of Gen. Sullivan, was born\\nat Berwick, in 1744. He early es-\\npoused the cause of his country,\\nand sustained the officesof member\\nof the provincial congress, attorney\\ngeneral and governor of Massachu-\\nsetts, with great talents and faith-\\nfulness.\\nHe died while governor, in 1S08,\\nat a period of great political excite-\\nment, honored and beloved by all\\nparties.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0428.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSullivan County, X. H.\\nJVewport, chief town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Grafton\\ncounty, E. by Memmack and a part\\nof Hillsborough counties, S. by\\nCheshire county, and W. by Con-\\nnecticut river, or the state of Ver-\\nmont. It was taken from Cheshire\\ncounty in 1827, and contains an\\narea of about 533 square miles.\\nPopulation, 1830, 19,687. Popula-\\ntion to a square mile, 37. The sur-\\nface of the county is elevated, but\\nnot mountainous: Croydon moun-\\ntain is the highest.\\nAlong the streanis, particularly\\non Connecticut river, the soil is\\nrich and exceedingly productive.\\nThe uplands produce good grain,\\nand afford excellent pasturage for\\ncattle, of which many are reared\\nfor market. Although this is the\\nsmallest county in the state; in 1837,\\nit had 71,076 sheep, whose wool,\\nbeing partly Saxony, would aver-\\nage as good as full blood Merino.\\nBesides the Connecticut, which\\nwaters its whole western frontier,\\nthe Ashuelot,Cold, Sugar, Little Su-\\ngar rivers, and other streams furnish\\nthe county with an abundant water\\npower, and Sunapee Lake and nu-\\nmerous ponds give beauty to its\\notherwise varied and picturesque\\nscenery.\\nSullivan, IS. H.\\nCheshire co. The distance from\\nKeene is 6 miles, from Concord, 42\\nW. S. W. The S. E. part of this\\ntown is watered by Ashiielot river.\\nThis town was incorporated in 1787,\\nand received its name from Presi-\\ndent Sullivan, the chief magistrate\\nof N. H. that year. Population in\\n1830, 555.\\nSumner, Me.\\nOxford CO. Thi s town is well\\nwatered by a branch of Andros-\\ncoggin river it has a fine soil, and\\nproduced in 1837, 7,144 bushels of\\nwheat. It lies 44 miles W. from\\nAugusta, and 8 N. from Paris\\nPopulation, 1837,1,190.\\nThis town derived its name from\\nIncrease Sumjver, who was\\ngovernor of Massachusetts in 1798,\\nwhen the town was incorporated.\\nGov. Sumner was a native of Rox-\\nbury, Mass. He died in 1799, aged\\n52 years.\\nSunajjee ILalce, N. H.\\nThis lake is situated in the W.\\npart of Merrimack county, and the\\nE. part of Sullivan, in the towns of\\nWendell, New London and New-\\nbury. It is 9 miles long, and about\\n1 1-2 miles in width. Its outlet is\\non the W. side through Sugar riv-\\ner. The waters of this lake are\\nmore than 800 feet higher than the\\nConnecticut or Merrimack, at the\\nnearest points.\\nSuucook River, N. H.\\nThis river rises in a pond be-\\ntv, een Gilmanton and Gilford, near\\nthe summit of one of the Suncook\\nmountains, elevated 900 feet above\\nits base. The water from this pond\\npasses through two others at the\\nfoot of the mountains, and thence\\nthrough a flourishing village in the\\nS. E. part of Gilmanton, into Barn-\\nstead, where it receives several\\ntributaries; thence through Pitts-\\nfield and Epsom, and between Al-\\nlensiovvn and Pembroke, into the\\nMerrimack.\\nSuuderlanfl, Vt.\\nBennington co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1765. It lies 87 miles\\nS. S. W. from Montpelier, and 15\\nN. by E. from Bennington. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 463. the town is\\nwatered by several ponds. Batten-\\nkill river and Roaring brook. There\\nis some fine land along the streams,\\nin Sunderland, excellent mill sites,\\nand lead ore in granular limestone.\\nSunderland, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town lies on\\nthe east side of Connecticut riv-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0429.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ner, 90 miles W. from Boston, and\\n9 S. b} E. from Greenfield. It was\\ntaken from Hadley in 1718. Pop-\\nulation, 1S37, 729. The settlement\\nin this town is principally on a\\nstreet running parallel with the\\nriver. Between the street and the\\nriver is a tract of fertile meadow\\non the other side of the village is a\\nmore elevated plain, and back of\\nthat, Mount Toby rears its lofty\\nfront. This mountain is composed\\nof pudding stone, and the small\\nstones within it are round and\\nsmooth as though washed by the\\nocean they are of various sizes,\\nand of every color. On one side is\\na cavern 60 feet deep and many\\nother ruptures seem to indicate some\\ngreat change in this mountain since\\nits formation. This village is very\\npleasant, and the scenery around it\\nis of a fascinating character. The\\npeople here are good farmers, and\\nare noted for their good schools and\\nphilanthropic disposition.\\nSunkliaze; Me.\\nSunkhaze stream meets the Pe-\\nnobscot, from the east, about 15\\nmiles above Old Town village, in\\nOrono. The plantation of Sunk-\\nhaze lies on this stream, 82 miles\\nN. E. from Augusta. The popula-\\ntion of the plantation, in 1830, was\\n250.\\nSurry, Me.\\nHancock co. Surry lies on the\\nW. side of Union river, 6 miles S.\\nIrom Ellsworth, and 87 E. by N.\\nfrom Augusta.\\nThis town is accommodated with\\nnavigable privileges, and water\\npower of superior excellence.\\nThere are some manufactures in\\nthe town, but the inhabitants are\\ngenerally independent farmers.\\nMany of the farms are rendered\\nvery fertile by an inexhaustible bed\\nof shell marl, of a very fine qual-\\nity. Incorporated, 1803. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 561; 1837, 735.\\nSurry, N. H.\\nCheshire oo. This town lies 54\\nmiles S. W. from Concord, and 6\\nN. W. from Keene. It is watered\\nby Ashuelot liver, on which there\\nis a tract of valuable meadow\\nland, extending almost the whole\\nlength of the town. On the east\\nside of Ashuelot river is a steep\\nand high mountain, on the summit\\nof which is a pond of about 3 acres\\nin extent, and about 25 feet depth\\nof water.\\nSurry was originally a part of\\nGilsum and Westmoreland. It was\\nincorporated in 1769, deriving its\\nname from *SMrry in England. The\\nfirst settlement was made in 1764,\\nby Peter Hayward. Population,\\n1830, 539.\\nSutton, ]V. H.\\nMerrimack co. This town lies\\n25 miles W. N. W. from Concord.\\nThe southerly and largest branch\\nof Warner river enters this town on\\nthe south, runs a short distance,\\nand passes off into Warner again.\\nThe northerly branch of this river\\nruns nearly through the centre of\\nthe town from north to south, and\\naffords several good mill seats. Ste-\\nvens brook, another considerable\\nbranch of Warner river, has its\\nsource on the W. side of Kearsai-ge,\\nand runs about 4 miles in this town,\\nin a S. E. direction. There is also\\na large branch of Blackwater riv-\\ner, which has its source about the\\nwestern confines of Kearsarge, and\\nflows through this town in a N.\\nE. course about 3 miles. On the\\nmargin of this stream, there is some\\nrich meadow and intervale land.\\nThere are several ponds, the most\\nimportant of which are Kezar s\\npond, situated towards the N. part\\nof the town, which is about 190\\nrods square and Long pond, situa-\\nted at the south part of the town.\\nKearsarge mountain extends more\\nthan half the length of Sutton ou", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0430.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe E. side. King s Hill is situated\\non the W. part of Sutton. On the\\nmost elevated part of this hill, which\\nrises within a few feet as high as\\nKearsarge, there is one of the most\\nextensive landscape views in the\\ncountry. On the W. is seen the\\nSunapee lake, the Ascutney, and\\nhighlands in Vermont to the Green\\nmountains; on the S. the Sunapee\\nand Monadnock on the E. you\\nalmost overlook Kearsarge, and on\\nthe north the Cardigan and White\\nhills.\\nSutton was granted in 1749. It\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0was called Perrys-toion, from Oba-\\ntliah Perry, one of its Oi-iaiual and\\nprincipal proprietors. The tirst\\nsettlement was made in 1767. Pop-\\nulation, 1S30, 1,424.\\nOn the W. bank of Kezar s pond,\\nwere several acres of land, which\\nfippeared to have been cleared of\\ntheir original forests. Here were\\nfound several Indian hearths, laid\\nwith stone, and with much skill and\\ningenuity. Here was found an\\nIndian burial place. Gun barrels\\nand arrows have been found in this\\nsacred repository. Near the pond,\\nhave been found stone pestles, mor-\\ntars and tomahawks.\\nSutton, Vt.\\nCaledonia CO. This town is wa-\\ntered by several ponds and by\\nhranches of Passumpsic river. It\\nlies IS miles N. E. from Montpe-\\nlier. and 13 N. from Danville. First\\nsettled, 1791. Population, 1830,\\n1,005.\\n7 he surface of the town is level,\\nand in some parts so low as to ren-\\nder the soil cold and unproduc-\\ntive.\\nSutton, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This is a very\\npleasant and flourishing town, 44\\nmiles W. by S. from Boston, and 9\\nS. by E. from Worcester. Incorpo-\\nrated, 1715. Population, 1830,\\n2,186; 1837, 2,457.\\nSutton is watered bv BUickstone\\n05*\\nriver, and the Blackstone canal\\npasses through the town. There\\nare in the town four cotton and two\\nwoolen mills, two scythe factories,\\nand manufactures of boots, shoes,\\nshuttles and spindles: total value,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$309,578.\\nThe surface of the town is agree-\\nably diversified, and the soil capa-\\nble of producing good crops. Gran-\\nite and soapstone are abundant.\\nPurgatory Cavern, in this town,\\nis a great curiosity. It is a fissure\\nin gneiss, nearly half a mile long,\\nin most parts partially filled by the\\nmasses of rock that have been de-\\ntached from the walls. The sides\\nare often perpendicular, and some\\ntimes 70 feet high being separated\\nfrom each other about 50 feet.\\nSwanzey, N. H.\\nCheshire co. This town lies 6\\nmiles S. from Keene, and 60 S.\\nW. from Concord. The principal\\nstreams are the Ashuelot and the\\nSouth Branch rivers. The former\\npasses through Swanzey in a S. W.\\ndirection, and empties into the Con-\\nnecticut at Hinsdale. This is a\\nstream of much importance, and is\\nmade navigable for boats as far up\\nas Keene, excepting a carrying\\nplace about the rapids at Winches-\\nter. The South Branch unites\\nwith the Ashuelot about one mile\\nnorth from the centre of the town.\\nThe surface here is somewhat di-\\nversified with hills, valleys, and\\nswells of upland. There is one\\npond in the S. W. part of the town,\\nthe source of the South Branch.\\nThere is a mineral spring, the wa-\\nter of which is impregnated with\\nsulphate of iron. Some iron ore\\nhas been discovered. Here are 2\\ncotton factories, 1 cotton and woolen\\nfactory, and other machinery.\\nSwanzey was first granted by\\nMassachusetts, in 1733. After the\\ndivisional line was run, it was\\ngranted in 1753, by New Hamp-\\nshire. Until that time it had been", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0431.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncalled Lower Ashuelot, from the\\nIndian name of the river, which\\nwas originally Ashaelock.\\nFrom 1741 to 1747, this town suf-\\nfered much from Indian depreda-\\ntions. Several of the inhabitants\\nwere killed and many were made\\nprisoners. After Massachusetts\\nwithdrew her protection, the set-\\ntlers collected together their house-\\nhold furniture, such as chests, ta-\\nbles, iron and brass ware, and con-\\ncealed it in the ground, covering\\nthe place of concealment with\\nleaves, trees, c., and left their\\nplantation to the disposition of the\\nIndians, who were not tardy in set-\\nting fire to their forts, which, with\\nevery house except one, they re-\\nduced to ashes. Most of the peo-\\nple went to their former places of\\nresidence in Massachusetts. They\\nreturned about three years after-\\nwards, and nothing about their for-\\nmer habitation Avas to be seen, but\\nruin and desolation. Population,\\n1830, 1,816.\\nSwanzey, Mass\u00c2\u00ab\\nBristol CO. This town lies be-\\ntween Somerset, and Bristol, R. I.\\nAn arm of Mount Hope bay sets\\nup some miles into the town, on\\nwhich is some navigation and ship\\nbuilding.\\nThere are two paper mills, a cot-\\nton and a woolen mill in the town,\\nand manufactures of vessels, boots\\nand shoes: annual value, about\\n$50,000.\\nSwanzey is a very pleasant town,\\nand is interesting as the scene of\\nmuch savage aggression. Here it\\nwas that Philip commenced his war,\\nin 1675, by plunder and murder.\\nIt lies 46 miles S. by W. from Bos-\\nton, and 14 S. W. by S. from Taun-\\nton. Incorporated, 1667. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 1,627.\\nSivantoia, Vt.\\nFranklin co. This township is\\nsituated on the east side of Lake\\nChamplain, opposite to North Hero\\nand Alburgh. It is 50 miles N. AV.\\nfrom Montpelier, 28 N. from Bur-\\nlington, and is bounded by St. Al-\\nbans on the south, and Highgate on\\nthe north. Population, 1830, 2,158.\\nSwanton was first settled by the\\nwhites in 1787. At that time the\\nSt. Francois Indians had about fifty\\ncabins here, and large plantations of\\ncorn.\\nMissisque river passes through\\nSwanton, and fertilizes a considera-\\nble portion of its territory. This\\nriver is navigable for lake vessels to\\nSwanton falls, six miles from its\\nmouth. These falls descend twen-\\nty feet, and, with other smaller\\nstreams, give to Swanton a water\\npower of great value.\\nBog iron ore is found in this town,\\nand an abundance of beautiful mar-\\nble. This marble is of various col-\\nors, and large quantities of it ig\\nwrought into all desired patterns,\\npolished, and transported.\\nThe surface and soil of the town\\nis favorable to agricultural pursuits,\\nwith the exception of a part border-\\ning the lake, which is low, wet and\\ncold and which is the favorite\\nabode, in summer, of wild geese,\\nducks and other water fowls.\\nThe village of Swanton is pleas-\\nantly located, and is the site of a\\nnumber of manufactories, and of\\nan increasing trade from the inte-\\nrior country, and to New York and\\nCanada.\\nSwanton may boast of the purity\\nof its air and water, and of a Wal-\\nter Scott, who died in 1815, aged\\n110 years.\\nSwanville, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This town lies 8 miles\\nN. from Belfast, and 46 E. by N.\\nfrom Augusta. It was incorpora-\\nted in 1818. It is watered by\\nPaasaggassawakeag lake and river,\\nand possesses a pleasant surface and\\nfertile soil. Population, 1837, 794.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0432.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWheat crop, same year, 2,556 bush-\\nels.\\nSvredeu, Me.\\nOxford CO. The waters from Ke-\\nzer pond in Lovell, pass through\\nthis town, and give it mill privi-\\nleges. Sweden lies 9 miles N. E.\\nfrom Fryeburg, 19 S.W. from Paris,\\nand 62 W. S. W. from Augusta.\\nIncorporated, 181.3. Population, in\\n1837, 621. Wheat crop, same year,\\n1,485 bushels.\\nS vift Rivers.\\nSwift river, in Maine, is a branch\\nof the Androscoggin, from the N.\\nThese rivers unite at Mexico.\\nSwift river, in J\\\\^ew Hampshire,\\nrises among the mountains in the\\nungranted lands N. W. of Albany,\\nand passes through the town from\\nwest to east with great rapidity, and\\nfalls into the Saco in Conway. Its\\nwhole course is rapid, and in one\\nplace it falls 30 feet in the distance\\nof 6 rods, through a channel in the\\nsolid rock of about 12 feet wide\\nthe sides being from 10 to 30 feet\\nperpendicular height. At the up-\\nper part of these falls, are found\\nseveral circular holes worn perpen-\\ndicularly into the rock, several feet\\nin depth and from 6 inches to 2 feet\\nin diameter. There is another small\\nriver in Tamworth of the same\\nname.\\nSwift river, in Massachusetts,\\nrises in a pond in New Salem it\\npasses through the towns of Pres-\\ncott, Greenwich and Belchertown,\\nand joins the Chickopee at Palmer.\\nTam^vortli, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town is situa-\\nted on the post road from Concord\\nto Portland, about 58 miles from\\neach, and 30 N. from Gilford.\\nThere is no mountain situated\\nwholly in this town. On the N.\\nare the mountains of Albany, and\\nthe S. the line crosses a part of Os-\\nsipee mountain. The mountains to\\nthe N. have a romantic and pictur-\\nesque appearance. The town lies\\nin ridges and valleys, generally\\nrocky and fertile. The princ-ipal\\nrivers are Bearcamp, which passes\\nthrough the town in an easterly di-\\nrection, and discharges its waters\\ninto Ossipee lake Swift river,\\nwhich rises near the N. W. corner\\nof the town, and passing through\\nits centre, mingles its waters with\\nthe Bearcamp and Conway river,\\nproceeding from Conway pond, near\\nAlbany and crossing the S. line\\nof Tamworth, near the S. E. corner\\nof the town, near which it empties\\ninto Bearcamp river. By these\\nrivers, and other small streams, the\\ntown is uncommonly well watered.\\nOn these streams is a great number\\nof excellent mill privileges. Tam-\\nworth was granted in 1766, and\\nwas settled in 1771. Population,\\n1830, 1,554.\\nTariffville, Ct.\\nSee Simsbury.\\nTaughkaunic Mountains.\\nThis range of mountains skirt the\\nwestern border of New England,\\nand separate the waters of the\\nHousatonick and Hudson.\\nTaunton River.\\nThis river rises in the county of\\nPlymouth, Mass., and falls into\\nMount Hope Bay. The Taunton\\nand its branches, water the towns\\nof Abington, Hanson, Halifax, and\\nPlympton, all the Bridge waters,\\nRaynham, Taunton, Berkley, Digh-\\nton, Freetown, Fall river, Somer-\\nset and Swansey. It is navigable\\nto Taunton, for small vessels, and\\nwith its contemplated improve-\\nments, steam boats will be enabled\\nto run to Taunton, and thus become\\nanother channel of conveyance be-\\ntween Boston and New York. This\\nriver is celebrated for the great and\\nwidely distributed water power it\\nproduces, and for the multitude of\\nalewives within its waters.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0433.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nTarnitou, Mass.\\nOne of the cliief towns in Bristol\\nCO. This very beautiful town is sit-\\nuated at the junction of Canoe,\\nRumfoi-d and Taunton rivers, and\\npossesses an excellent water power.\\nThere is some excellent land in this\\ntown, and its proprietors display\\nmuch taste in its cultivation. The\\nbusiness of the place is, however,\\nrather in manufactures than agri-\\nculture. There are 8 cotton mills\\nand a print works, in the town also\\na paper mill, 3 nail factories, a forge,\\na furnace, and manufactures of\\nboots, shoes, leather, hats, chairs,\\nbrick, vessels, straw bonnets, and\\nbritannia, stone and cabinet wares\\ntotal value of the manufactures, the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837, exclu-\\nsive of cloth printing and iron cast-\\nings, ^1,425,552. The number of\\nhand.* employed in these manufac-\\ntures was 1,308. There is some\\nnavigation owned in this town,\\nwhich is employed in the coastwise\\ntrade, and domestic fishery.\\nThe manufacture of britannia\\nware at this place, is of recent ori-\\ngin in this country, and proves suc-\\ncessful. The articles manufactur-\\ned, are tea sets, castors, urns, and\\nall the varieties of that description\\nof ware. The quality of the metal,\\nand beauty of the polish of this\\nware, is said to equal any import-\\ned from Britannia.\\nThe village contains a large num-\\nber of handsome public and private\\nbuildings, tastefully located around\\na beautiful enclosure, called Taun-\\nton Green. This public walk\\nis ornamented with trees, which\\nheightens the beauty of this de-\\nlightful village.\\nTaunton is 32 miles S. from Bos-\\nton, 20 E. by N. from Providence,\\nand 32 N. E. from Newport. A\\nrail road connects this town with\\nBoston. Population, 1820, 4,520;\\n1830, 6,042 1837, 7,647.\\nThe settlement of this place com-\\nmenced ia 1637. Its principal\\nfounder was Miss Elizabeth Poole\\nThe following i* on her grave stone\\nHere rest the remains of Elizabeth\\nPoole, a native of Old England, of\\ngood family, friends, and prospects,\\nall which she left in the prime of her\\nlife, to enjoy the religion of her con-\\nscience, in this distant wilderness a\\ngreat proprietor of the township of\\nTaunton, a chief promoter of its set-\\ntlement, and its incorporation in 1639\\n10 3 about wliich time she settled\\nnear this spot, and having employed\\nthe opportunity of her virgin state in\\npiety, liberality, and sanctity of man-\\nners, died May 21, 1G64, aged 65.\\nTemiscouata Lake, Me.\\nSee Madawaska River.\\nTemple, Me.\\nFranklin co. This was formerly\\na part of Kennebec county. It lies\\n40 miles N. N. W. from Augusta,\\nand is bounded N. by Farmington.\\nIt was incorporated in 1803. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 871. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 5,793 bushels.\\nTemple, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. Temple is 12\\nmiles W. by S. from Amherst, and\\n40 S. S. W. from Concord. The\\nseveral streams which empty in-\\nto Soiihegan river at Wilton, rise\\namong the mountainous tracts on\\nthe W., and generally from sources\\nwithin the limits of Temple. This\\ntown is of considerable elevation.\\nThe prospect towards the E. and S.\\nis very extensive, and presents a\\nrich and diversified scenery. From\\nthe highest point of elevation, in a\\nclear atmosphes-e, about 20 meeting-\\nhouses may be seen by the naked\\neye. The surface is uneven and\\npleasant. The soil is tolerably\\ngood. Temple is the easterly part\\nof what was called Peterborough\\nSlip. It was incorporated in 1768.\\nPopulation, in 1830,641.\\nTempleton, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Several streams,\\naffording good mill seats, water this", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0434.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ntown, and pass to the Connecticut,\\nby Miller s and Chickopee rivers.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven,\\nbut not mountainous; the elevated\\nparts afford good pasturage, and the\\nvalleys, excellent crops of grain\\nand hay. Tlie manul actures con-\\nsist of woolen goods, boots, shoes,\\nleather, iron castings, shoveb, hoes,\\nspades, forks, palm leaf hats, chairs,\\ncarriages, and cabinet, tin and wood-\\nen wares: value, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1S37, $145,400. The vil-\\nlage is very pleasantly located, and\\npresents some beautiful landscapes.\\nThis town lies 60 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Boston, and 26 N. N. W. from\\nWorcester. Incorporated in 1762.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,690.\\nTewlisbury, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The Indians call-\\ned this place Wamesit. It lies on\\nthe south side of Merrimack river,\\n19 miles N. W. by W. from Boston,\\nand 6 E. S. E. from Lowell. Incor-\\nporated, 1734. Population, 1337,\\n907. The surface of the town is\\nlevel, and the soil light and sandy.\\nTlxames River, Ct.\\nThis river is formed by the union\\nof Quinebaug, Shetucket and Yan-\\ntic rivers, near Norwich, and is\\nnavigable from that place to New\\nLondon, 14 miles. The banks of\\nthis river are romantic and beauti-\\nful, and possess great interest, as\\nthe residence of the once powerful,\\nnoble hearted and brave Mohegans.\\nThatch.er s Island, Mass.\\nSee Gloucester.\\nThetford, Vt.\\nOrange co. Tl)is town is pleas-\\nantly situated on tlie west side of\\nConnecticut river,opposite to Lyme,\\nN. H. The Ompomponoosuc and\\nMi branches, give the town an ex-\\ncellent water power. There are\\nseveral ponds in Thetford, one of\\nwhich is worthy of notice. It cov-\\ners about 9 acres, and is situated on\\nan elevation, the base of which is\\nonly 4 rods from Connecticut river,\\nand 100 feet in height. It is very\\ndeep it has neither inlet or outlet,\\nand contains large quantities of\\nperch and other tish. The surface\\nof the town is generally rocky and\\nuneven; it has but little intervale,\\nbut the soil is strong and productive.\\nIt feeds between 7 and 8,000 sheep.\\nThere are some manufactures in\\nthe town, a rich vein of galena, and\\nthree neat villages. Thetford was\\nfirst settled in 1761. It lies 34 miles\\nS. S. E. from Montpelier, and 18 S.\\nE. from Chelsea. Population, in\\n1830, 2,113.\\nTliomastou, Me.\\nLincoln co. This is a very flour-\\nishing maritime town, situated be-\\ntween the western entrance of Pe-\\nnobscot Bay and St. Georges river,\\nand comprises the celebrated penin-\\nsula of OwVs Head. It lies 36\\nmiles S. E. from Augusta, 37 E.\\nfrom Wiscasset, and is bounded N.\\nW. by AVarren. Incorporated, 1777.\\nPopulation, in 1820, 2,651; 1830,\\n4,221 1837, 5,272.\\nThomaston is the site of the State\\nprison, which is located on the\\nbank of the St. George. The build-\\nings occupy a plat of 10 acres, in-\\ncluding a marble quarry they are\\nall of stone, and are surrounded by\\na high stone wall. The convicts\\nare principally employed in cutting\\ngranite into various forms for build-\\ning, and which, when prepared, is\\ntransported by water. The granite\\nis of an excellent quality, and is\\nfound in large quantities on the\\nriver.\\nThomaston is a place of consider-\\nable maritime commerce and ship\\nbuilding; but the most important\\nbusiness of its people, is the quar-\\nrying and burning of lime, from\\ninexhaustible ledges of limestone\\nwithin its limits. There are annu-\\nally made at this place, no less than\\n350,000 casks of lime, the same in\\nquality and reputation as that pre-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0435.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\npared at Camden, 10 miles distant.\\nThis manufacture, united with\\nthose of granite and marble, give\\nconstant employment to a large\\nnumber of men and vessels.\\nThomaston is a beautiful Atlantic\\ntown, and commands a great variety\\nof marine scenery.\\nTliompsoji, Ct.\\nWindham co. This town lies 47\\nmiles E. N. E. from Hartford, 14\\nN. from Brooklyn, 27 W. N. W.\\nfrom Providence, R. I., and 53 S.\\nW. from Boston. It is bounded N.\\nby Massachusetts, and E. by Rhode\\nIsland. It was formerly a part of\\nKillingly, and was first settled\\nabout the year 1715. The surface\\nof the town is hilly, but not moun-\\ntainous it presents a pleasing va-\\nriety of elevations and valleys.\\nThe soil is a gravelly loam, strong,\\nand productive of good crops of\\ncorn and hay, and affords excellent\\npasturage. French river meets the\\nQuinnebaug near the centre of the\\ntown, and Five Mile river, issuing\\nfrom several ponds, waters the east-\\nern part. These streams give to\\nthe town a valuable water power,\\nand on their banks are the pleasant\\nand thriving villages of Masonsville,\\nFishersville and New Boston.\\nThese are manufacturing villages,\\nand contain 10 cotton and woolen\\nmills, and a number of other manu-\\nfactures. This town is large, and\\nvery pleasant it contains a class\\nof enterprising and intelligent agri-\\nculturalists and mechanics. The\\npopulation of Thompson, in 1837,\\nwas about 4,100. The Indian name\\nof the place was Quinnetessett.\\nThe plantations of the natives are\\nstill apparent.\\nTliorndilte, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This is an agricultural\\ntown of pleasant surface and fertile\\nsoil, 59 miles N. E. from Augusta,\\nand 17 N. W. from Belfast. It is\\nwatered by a branch of Sebasticook\\nriver. Thorndike was incorpora-\\nted in 1819. Population, 1837, 763.\\nWheat crop, same year, 6,975\\nbushels.\\nTliomtou, N. II.,\\nGrafton co., is bounded N. by\\nPeeling and Lincoln, E. by ungrant-\\ned land, S, by Campton, and W.by\\nEllsworth and Peeling. It is 12\\nmiles N. from Plymouth, and 58 N.\\nby W. from Concord. It is water-\\ned by Pemigewasset river, passing\\nthrough the town from N. to S., by\\nMad river at the S. E. extremity,\\nand by several small brooks. On\\nMill brook, there is a cascade, at\\nwhich the water falls 7 feet in 2\\nrods, and then falls over a rock 42\\nfeet perpendicular. The intervales\\non the Pemigewasset are produc-\\ntive. There are many elevations,\\nbut none distinguished for a remark-\\nable height. Thornton was grant-\\ned in 1763. It was first settled in\\n1770. Thornton was incorporated\\nin 1781. Population, 1830, 1,049.\\nTinmoutli, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town is sepa-\\nrated from Wallingford by Otter\\nCreek. Furnace brook rises from\\na pond in the south part of the town,\\nand passing through Tinmouth and\\nClarendon, falls into Otter Creek,\\nat Rutland. This stream has been\\nnoted for great quantities of fish of\\na remarkable large size.\\nThe surface of the town is hilly,\\nin some parts mountainous. There\\nis some good land on the streams,\\nand a large portion of the high land\\nis good for the pasturage of sheep,\\nof which between 3,000 and 4,000\\nare kept. There are several quar-\\nries of beautiful marble in the town,\\niron ore in abundance, and several\\niron works. Tinmouth was first\\nsettled in 1770. It lies 8 miles S.\\nfrom Rutland. Population, 1830,\\n1,049.\\nTisbury, Blass.\\nDukes CO. Tisbury lies on the\\nnorth side of Martha s Vineyard,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0436.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand contains tho noted harbor of\\nHolmes Hole. This harbor is\\nlarge and safe, and of a sufficient\\ndepth of water for the largest mer-\\nchantmen. It is much frequented\\nby vessels passing through Vine-\\nyard Sound particularly when the\\nwinds are contrary. From this\\nharbor, across the Sound, to Fal-\\nmouth, on Cape Cod, is 6 miles.\\nA number of small vessels belong\\nto this place, and one of 33S tons\\nIs employed in the whale fishery.\\nThere are some manufacture3 of\\nsalt, boots, shoes, leather, and hats\\nand, in 1S37, there were 2,655\\nsheep in the town.\\nTisbury is 77 miles S. S. E. from\\nBoston, S W. from Edgarton, and\\n23 S. E. from New Bedford. In-\\ncorporated, lo71. Population, 1S37,\\n1,461.\\nTiverton, R. I.\\nNewport co. Tiverton is bound-\\ned N. and E. by Massachusetts, S.\\nby Little Compton, and W. by the\\neastern passage into Mount Hope\\nand Narraganset bays. It is con-\\nnected with Portsmouth, on the isl-\\nand of Rhode Island, by a stone\\nbridge at a place called How-\\nland s Ferry.\\nThe surface of the town is varied\\nby hills and valleys. Its structure\\nis granite, and the land, in some\\nparts, is stony. The soil is princi-\\npally a gravelly loam, and capable\\nof producing good crops. There\\nare valuable forests of timber in\\nthe town, and a considerable num-\\nber of sheep.\\nThe navigable privileges of Tiv-\\nerton are of a superior kind and\\nare improved, to some extent, in\\nthe fishery, and foreign and domes-\\ntic trade. There are large ponds\\nin the town, well supplied with\\nfish. These ponds produce a water\\npower which is applied to the man-\\nufacture of cotton and other mate-\\nrials.\\nThis town was attached to Mas-\\nsachusetts until 1746. It is 24 miles\\nS. E. from Providence, and 13 N.\\nE. from Newport Population,\\n1830, 2,905.\\nThe captor of the British Gener-\\nal Prescott, was a native of Tiver-\\nton. His name was Tak, a slave,\\nthe property of Thomas Sisson. a\\nwealthy farmer. During the\\nRevolution, Tak was sent by his\\nmaster into the army, to serve as a\\nsubstitute for another man who was\\ndrafted. When Col. Barton took\\nGen. Prescott on Long Island, Tak\\nwas one of Col. Barton s chosen\\nmen and the one on whom he\\nmost depended. Having entered\\nthe house where Gen. Prescott\\nwas quartered, Col. Barton, follow-\\ned by Tak and two or three others,\\nproceeded silently to the door of\\nthe chamber where General Pres-\\ncott was sleeping. The colonel\\nfinding the door fastened, turned\\nand whispering to Tak, I w;ish\\nthat door opened, General Prescott\\ntaken, and carried by tlie guard to\\nthe boat, without the least noise or\\ndisturbance.\\nTak stepped back two or three\\npaces, then plunging violently\\nagainst the door, burst it open, and\\nrushed into the middle of the room.\\nAt the same instant General Pres-\\ncott sprang from his bed and seized\\nhis gold watch, hanging upon the\\nwall. Tak sprang upon him like a\\ntiger, and clasping the general in\\nhis brawny arms, said in a low,\\nstern voice, One word, and you\\narea dead man! Then hastily\\nsnatching the general s cloak and\\nwrapping it round his body, and at\\nthe same time telling his compan-\\nions to take the rest of his clothes,\\nhe took the general in his arms, as\\nif a child, and ran with him by the\\nguard towards the boat, followed by\\nColonel Barton and the rest of his\\nlittle company.\\nTak was more than six feet in\\nheight, well proportioned, and re-\\nmarkable for liis shrewdness, agil-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0437.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nity and strength. He attained\\ngreat age, and was never known to\\ntaste of any kind of meat.\\nTollancl, Mass.\\nHampden co. Tolland is situated\\non the border cf Litchtield county,\\nConnecticut, and is watered by the\\nupper branch of Farmington river.\\nThe surface is elevated, but the\\nlands are finely adapted for graz-\\ning.\\nThere are manufactui-es in the\\ntown of shovels, spades, forks,\\nhoes, and wooden ware and here\\nis a large tannery, but the inhabi-\\ntants are chiefly farmers.\\nTolland was incorporated in 1810.\\nPopulation, 1830, 570. It lies 110\\nmiles W. S. W. from Boston, and 20\\nW. from Springfield.\\nTolland County, Ct.\\nTolland is the chief town. This\\ncounty was taken from Hartford\\nand Windham counties in 17S6. It\\nis bounded N. by Massachusetts,\\nE. by Windham, S. by New Lon-\\ndon, and W. by Hartford counties.\\nIts greatest length from N. to S. is\\n30 miles. It covers an area of 337\\nsquare miles. Population, 1820,\\n14,330 1830, 18,700. Inhabitants\\nto a square mile, 56.\\nThe western part of the county\\nlays within the great valley of the\\nConnecticut it is generally free\\nfrom stone, undulating, fertile and\\nproductive the eastern section is\\nwithin the granitic range which\\nextends through the state much\\nof this portion of the county is cov-\\nered with forests; that part which is\\ncleared affords good grazing. In\\n1837, there were in the county\\n23,096 sheep. The Scantic, Willi-\\nmantic, Salmon, Hockanum and\\nHop rivers, with their tributaries,\\nafford the county a good water\\npower, and manufactures flourish\\nwithin its limits.\\nTolland, Ct.\\nShire town of Tolland county.\\nThis town has a population of 1,700\\ninhabitants, and is situated on the\\nnearest mail route from Hartford to\\nBoston. Its products are English\\ngrain, grass, potatoes, Sec. It con-\\ntains two small woolen manufacto-\\nries, with water power sutficient to\\noperate a greater number with cor-\\nresponding machinery. It lies 1.8\\nmiles E. N. 11. from Hartford, 17\\nN. from Windham, 27 W. N. W.\\nfrom Brooklyn, and 30 N. from Nor-\\nwich. The land is rather sterile,\\nmountainous and uneven. The in-\\nhabitants are industrious and intel-\\nligent,\\nTopsiield, Me.\\nWashington co. This township\\nwas number eight in the second\\nrange north of the Bingham Penob-\\nscot Purchase. It was incorporated\\nin the year 1838. We guess that\\nthis town lies about 25 miles N. N.\\nE. from the mouth of Matawam-\\nkeag River. We should like to\\n^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2notfj how the land lies. See\\nDown East.\\nTopsiield, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a very pleas-\\nant town, watered by Ipswich river\\nand its branches. The surlace is\\nagreeably diversified by hills and\\nvalleys. There are some fine tracts\\nof intervale in the town, and the\\nuplands possess a strong soil, ren-\\ndered productive by industrious and\\nskilful farmers. The principal\\nmanufacture is that of boots and\\nshoes,in which between 500 and 600\\nhands are employed, making annu-\\nally about $100,000 in value. This\\ntown lies 21 miles N. by E. from\\nBoston, and 9 N. by W. from Sa-\\nlem. Population, 1837, 1,049.\\nTopsfield was first settled about\\nthe year 1642. It was incorporated\\nin 1650. Among the names of the\\nfirst settlers were Peabody, Per-\\nkins, Clark, Cummings, Bradstreet,\\nGould, Town, Easty, Smith, and\\nWildes many of whose deseeni,-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0438.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nants now cultivate the soil of their\\nprogenitors.\\nTopsliatn, Me.\\nOne of the shire towns of Lincoln\\nCO. Topsham is pleasantly situated\\non the N. side of Androscoggin riv-\\ner, opposite to Brunswick. This is\\na good farming town, and, in com-\\nmon with Brunswick, enjoys a great\\nhydrauhc power, and accommoda-\\ntions for ship building and naviga-\\ntion. It is a place of considerable\\ntrade, and mucli lumber is annual-\\nly shipped.\\nTopsham was incorporated in\\n1764. Population, 1837, 1,778.\\nTopsliani, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town is on ele-\\nvated ground with a rocky, strong\\nsoil, adapted to grazing. It con-\\ntains much granite, and is watered\\nby the upper branches of Wait s\\nriver, which propel a number of\\nmills. The town was first settled\\nin 1781. Population 1830, 1,384.\\nIt is 19 miles S. E. from j\\\\Iontpe-\\nlier, 47 N. from Windsor, and 15 N.\\nE. from Chelsea.\\nTorrington, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. This town was\\nfirst settled in 1737. Its surface is\\ndiversified by hills and valleys, and\\nthe soil is better adapted to grazing\\nthan the culture of grain. There\\nare many sheep in the town, and\\nthe products of the dairy are con-\\nsiderable. Population, 1830, 1,654.\\nTwo branches of Naugatuck riv-\\ner meet at WolcottviUe, a beauti-\\nful village, in the south part of the\\ntown 26 miles W. N. W. from\\nHartford, 40 N. by W. from New\\nHaven, and 7 N. by E. from Litch-\\nfield. This vilhigc is situated in a\\nvalley, and contains an extensive\\nwoolen factory, a church, an acad-\\nemy, and a number of handsome\\ndwelling houses. Near this village,\\na good bed of copper ore has re-\\ncently been discovered and ^Ir.\\nIsrael Coe, the proprietor, has com-\\n36\\nmenced the manufacture of brass\\nkettles, the first establishment of\\nthe kind, it is believed, in the Uni-\\nted States.\\nWolcottviUe owes its rise, prin-\\ncipally, to Oliver Wolcott,\\nsecretary of the United States\\nTreasury, during the administra-\\ntions of Washington and John Ad-\\nams and governor of Connecticut\\n10 successive years. He was born\\nat Litchfield, and died in New\\nYork, 1833, aged 74.\\nTo-ivnsencl, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The surface of\\nthis town is rather level some parts\\nare pine plains. The soil is gener-\\nally light, but in some sections it is\\nproductive, particularly of fruit\\ntrees. It is watered by a branch ot\\nthe Nashua, a beautiful mill stream,\\non which are divers mechanical op-\\nerations. Townsend Harbor, on\\nthe road from Groton to New Ips-\\nwich. N. H., is an active, pleasant\\nvillage. The manufactures of this\\ntown consist of leather, palm-leaf\\nhats, boots, shoes, ploughs, straw\\nbonnets, fish barrels, nail kegs, and\\ndry casks; annual value, about\\n,^75,000. This town was incorpo-\\nrated in 1732. Population, in 1830,\\n1 ,506 1837, 1 ,749. It lies 38 miles\\nN. from Boston, and 22 N. W. from\\nConcord.\\nToii iislieutl, Vt.\\nWindham co. This tov.n was\\nfirst settled in 1761. Among the\\nfirst settlers, was Gen. Samuel\\nFletcher, who was a sergeant at\\nthe battle of Bunker Hill, in 1775,\\nand a captain at Ticonderoga, in\\n1777. He afterwards rose to the\\nrank of inrijor general of the mili-\\ntia was high sherifTof the county\\n18 years, and finally became judge\\nof the court. Lie was formerly a\\nblacksmith but having welded\\nhimself to a buxom lass, he came to\\nthi^-, then wilderness spot, and, with\\nhis axe cut his way to fortune, use-\\nfulness and renown.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0439.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWest river passes through the\\ntown with considerable rapidity\\nalong its banks are some tracts of\\ngood intervale but the surface of\\nthe town is generally hilly, and the\\nsoil more calculated for grazing\\nthan tillage. There are some manu-\\nfactures in the town, a high school\\nof good reputation, and two pleas-\\nant villages. Townshend lies 12\\nmiles N. N. W. from Brattlebo-\\nrough, 23 N. E. from Benning-\\nton, 95 S. from Montpelier, and is\\nbounded S. by Newfane. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,38G.\\nTrenton, Me.\\nHancock co. Trenton is situated\\non a navigable passage between\\nFrenchman s bay on the E., Union\\nriver on the W., and N. of the island\\ntown of Eden. It possesses great\\nadvantages for navigation, and a\\nlarge portion of its people is en-\\ngaged in ship building, the coasting\\ntrade and tishery. Incorporated in\\n1789. Population, in 1S37, 924.\\nTrenton is 7 miles S. by E. from\\nEllsworth.\\nTi-escott, Me.\\nWashington co. This is an At-\\nlantic town, and bounded N. E. by\\nLubcc. It comprises Moose cove,\\nBailey s mistake and Haycock har-\\nbors, and is flourishing in its trade\\nand navigation. It was incorpora-\\nted in 1827. Population, in 1830,\\n480; 1837, 713.\\nTrout River, Vt.\\nFranklin co. This river is form-\\ned in Montgomery, by sevei-al\\nbranches it runs in a N. W. di-\\nrection and falls into the Missisque\\non the border of Enosburgh and\\nBerkshire. This is a good mill\\nstream, and with its tributaries, fer-\\ntilizes considerable tracts of coun-\\ntry.\\nTroy, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This territory was\\ncalled Joy from 1812 to 1826 it\\nwas then called Montgomery, and\\nchanged again in 1827, to its pres-\\nent name. If these Trojans are\\nfickle about the name of their town,\\nthey are good farmers, and produc-\\ned in 1837, 9,194 bushels of wheat.\\nThe surface of the town is undula-\\nting and fertile a large part of it is\\ncovered with heavy timber. It is\\nwatered by a branch of the Sebas-\\nticook, from v/hich river it lies\\nabout 6 miles S. E. It is 39 miles\\nN. E. from Augusta, and 25 N. W.\\nfrom Belfast. Population, in 1830,\\n803; 1837, 1,110.\\nTroy, N. 11.\\nCheshire co. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Marlborough, E. by Jaf-\\nfrey, S. by Fitzwilliam, and W. by\\nRichmond and Swanzey. It is\\nabout 60 miles S. W. from Concord,\\nand 12 S. E. from Keene. The in-\\nhabitants are principally agricultu-\\nralists. This town was taken from\\nMarlborough and Fitzwilliam, and\\nincorporated in 1815. Population,\\nin 1830, 676.\\nTroy, Vt.\\nOrleans co. Troy lies 47 miles\\nN. from Montpelier, 51 N. E. from\\nBurlington, 11 N. N. W. from\\nIrasburgh, and is bounded N. by\\nCanada. First settled in 1800.\\nPopulation, 1830, 608. During the\\nwar for sailors rights, most of\\nthe inhabitants left the town, which\\ngreatly retarded its growth. It is\\nfinely watered by Missisque river,\\nand its tributaries the surface is\\ngenerally level, and the soil pro-\\nductive, particularly on the sides of\\nthe streams.\\nThe Falls on the Missisque, pro-\\nduce a great water power, and pro-\\npel some machinery. These falls\\npass down a ledge of rocks about\\n70 feet. A rock projects over them,\\n120 feet in perpendicular height.\\nFrom this rock, the falls, the deep\\nstill water in the gulph below, with\\nthe romantic scenery around the\\nplace, present a spectacle of great", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0440.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ninterest to the curious traveller.\\nThe rocks here are chlorite, ser-\\npentine, limestone, soapstone and\\nmica slate.\\nTrumljiill, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This territory was\\nformerly called North Stratford, and\\nwas taken from Stratford and incor-\\nporated as a town, in 1798. This\\nis a small town of about 5 by 4 1-2\\nmiles. It lies 5 miles N. from the\\ncity of Bridgeport. It is watered\\nby the Pequannock which empties\\ninto Bridgeport harbor. The sur-\\nface is varied by hills and valleys\\nthe soil is a gravelly loam, produc-\\ntive of good crops of grain and hay.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,242. Tam-\\ntashua hill, in the north part of the\\ntown, is the first land seen, in this\\ndirection, from the ocean.\\nTruro, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. Truro lies on\\nCape Cod bay, between Welfleet\\nand Provincetown it is nearly sur-\\nrounded by water by Pamet riv-\\ner, which sets in from Cape Cod bay\\non the south, and by Cape Cod har-\\nbor in Provincetown. Truro was\\nthe Pamet of the Indians, and after\\nits settlement, in 1700, was called\\nDangerfield for some years. Pam-\\net river affords a good harbor for\\nfishermen it lies about 5 miles S.\\nE.from Provincetown harbor. There\\nis in this town, near the lighthouse,\\na vast body of clay, called the Clay\\nPounds, which seems providen-\\ntially placed, in the midst of sand\\nhills, for the preservation of this\\npart of the cape. Although there\\nis but little vegetation at Truro, and\\nthe people are dependent almost en-\\ntirely for their fuel, and most of\\ntheir food on other places yet there\\nare but few towns in the state\\nwhere the people are more flour-\\nishing, and independent in their\\ncircumstances. To such towns as\\nthis old Massachusetts looks with\\npride for one of her chief resourc-\\nes of wezdth the fishery and for\\nmen of noble daring in all her en-\\nterprises on the ocean. In 1837,\\nthere were 63 vessels owned at\\nTruro, employed in the cod and\\nmackerel fishery, measuring 3,437\\ntons; the product of which, in one\\nyear, was 16,950 quintals of cod\\nfish, and 15,750 barrels of mack-\\nerel, valued at $145,350. The\\nnumber of hands employed was\\n512. The value of salt manufac-\\ntured, annually, is about $20,000.\\nThere are also, manufactures of\\npalm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, c.\\nNo one would suppose that this\\nwas much of a wool growing place\\nand it is not so in regard to the\\nquantity grown, but much so as it\\nregards its means. In 1837, the\\npeople of Truro sheared 400 sheep\\nof their own rearing. If the sin-\\ngle county of Penobscot, in Maine,\\nwould produce as much wool, in\\nproportion to its territory and the\\nquality of its soil, as the town of\\nTruro, there would be no cause of\\nstrife about the tariff on wool or\\nwoolen cloths for the quantity\\nwould be sutficient to clothe all the\\ninhabitants on the globe.\\nTruro was incorporated in 1709.\\nIt lies 41 miles below Barnstable,\\nand 106 from Boston, by land. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,.549 3 1837,1,806.\\nTiiftoiii oroiigli, N. II.,\\nStrafford co., is about 50 miles E.\\nby N. from Concord, situated on\\nthe N. E. shore of Winnepisiogee\\nlake bounded N. E. by Ossipee,\\nS. E. by Wolfeborough, S. W. and\\nW. by the lake, and N. W. by Moul\\ntonborough.\\nThere are several ponds in this\\ntown, together with many small\\nstreams running into the lake.\\nThere are several arms of the lake\\nstretching far into the town, and\\npresenting to the spectator, from the\\nelevated parts of the town, a suc-\\ncession of beautiful views.\\nTuftonborough was originally-\\ngranted to J. Tufton Mason, and\\ntook its name from him. It was", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0441.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nsettled about 17S0, and incorporated\\nin 1795. Population, 1830, 1,375.\\nTunbriclge, Vt.\\nOrange co. A branch of White\\nriver passes through this town, on\\nwhich are mills of various kinds.\\nThe soil is generally a rich loam\\non the stream the intervale land is\\nextensive and valuable. In some\\nparts of the town the surface is el-\\nevated.\\nTunbridge contains a medicinal\\nspring of some notoriety in cutane-\\nous diseases. Considerable quan-\\ntities of the products of the farms\\nare sent to market. Many sheep\\nare reared in 1837, the number in\\nthe town was 8,260.\\nTunbridge was first settled in\\n1776. It is 26 miles S. by E. from\\nMontpelier, 7 S. from Chelsea, and\\nSO N. by W. from Windsor. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,920.\\nTursier, Me.\\nOxford CO. A tributary of the\\nAndroscoggin meets that river in\\nthis town, and finely waters it. The\\nsoil of Turner is good, and its sur-\\nface pleasant. There are a num-\\nber of thriving villages in the\\ntown: there is considerable trade,\\nand some manufactures; but the\\nbusiness of the people is generally\\nagricultural.\\nTurner was incorporated in 1786.\\nIt is 38 miles W. S. W. from Au-\\ngusta, and 14 E. from Paris. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,218; 1837, 2,435.\\nWheat crop, in 1837, 7,081 bush-\\nels.\\nTurtle Kiver, Me,,\\nOr the Meriumpticook, a branch\\nof St. John s river, which empties\\nabout 7 miles S. W. from the mouth\\nof the Madawaska.\\nTyngsljorougii, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a pleas-\\nant town on both sides of Merri-\\nmack river, 8 miles N. W. by W.\\nfrom Lowell, and 29 N. W. from\\nBoston. Incorporated, 1789. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 870.\\nThe river here is wide, placid,\\nand majestic, and adds much to the\\nbeauty of the place. There is not\\nmuch water power in the town, and\\nthe soil is light and sandy. Large\\nquantities of granite are quarried\\nhere, hammered and fitted for vari-\\nous uses, and taken down the river.\\nHere are also manufactures of\\nbrushes, barrels, boots and shoes.\\nTyriiigliam, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. There are several\\nponds in this town, from which is-\\nsues a branch of Housatonick river.\\nTyringham lies 125 miles W.\\nfrom Boston, 14 S. E. from Lenox,\\nand 35 E. from Hudson, N. Y. In-\\ncorporated, 1762. Population, in\\n18.37, 1,288.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of paper, iron castings,\\nboots, shoes, leather, forks, rakes,\\npalm-leaf hats, chair stuff, and\\nwooden ware annual value, about\\n$35,000.\\nThe surface of the town is un-\\neven, and in some parts mountain-\\nous. Hop Brook Valley, is a\\nbeautiful and romantic spot. There\\nis a society of Shakers in Ty-\\nringham. See Canterbury JV. H.\\nUmlbagog Lake,\\nIs a large body of water, situa-\\nted mostly in the state of Maine,\\nand extending about 300 rods in\\nwidth along the east of the town-\\nships of Errol and Cambridge, in\\nNew Hampshire. This lake is very\\nimperfectly known is said to be\\nabout 18 miles long, and in some\\nparts 10 wide being but little in-\\nferior to the Winnepisiogee, in ex-\\ntent and beauty. Its outlet is on\\nthe west side, in Errol, its waters\\nflowing into the Androscoggin.\\nUncouoonook Mountain, N. H*\\nSee Goffstown,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0442.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nUndeihill, Vt.\\nChittenden co. The head branch-\\nes of Brown s river water this town.\\nThe surface is hilly and broken,\\nand the soil hard but tolerable for\\nsheep, of which a considerable\\nnumber are reared.\\nUnderbill was first settled in\\n1786. It lies 15 miles N. E. from\\nBurlington, and 26 N. W. from\\nMontpelier. Population, in ISSO,\\n1,052.\\nUuioii River, Me.\\nHancock co. The head waters\\nof this river proceed within a few\\naiiiles from the Passadumkeag. It\\nflows south through tlie towns of\\nHampton, Amherst, and Maria-\\nville it meets the tide water at\\nEllsworth, and passes to the ocean\\nby Blue Hill bay. This stream\\nhas numerous tributaries, the recip-\\nients of a great number of ponds,\\nwhich are scattered over the inte-\\nrior parts of the county. This\\nbeautiful river is in some parts\\ngentle and fertilizing, in other parts\\nrapid, producing a valuable water\\npower for mills. Its length, from\\nEllsworth, is between forty and fifty\\nmiles.\\nUnion, Me.\\nLincoln co. This pleasant and\\nflourishing town is watered by\\nMuscongus and St. George rivers,\\nand by several beautiful ponds.\\nThe soil is fertile, and the surface\\ngenerally swelling.\\nUnion was incorporated in 1786.\\nIt is 28 miles S. E. from Augusta,\\nand 7 N. by W. from Warren. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,750. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 4,249 bushels.\\nUnion, \u00e2\u0082\u00act.\\nTolland co. The surface of\\nUnion is hilly, with a hard and un-\\nproductive soil. Mashapaug and\\nBreakneck ponds, lying in this\\ntown, are the principal sources of\\n36=*\\nQuinnebaug river. A branch of\\nthe Natchaug also rises here.\\nThe town was incorporated in\\n1734. First settled, 1727. It is\\nbounded W. by Stafford, and is 33\\nmiles N. E. from Hartford, and 14\\nN. E. from Tolland. Population,\\n1830, 711.\\nUnity, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This is a flourishing\\nfarming town, 33 miles N. E. from\\nAugus ta, 22 W. S. W. from Be.\\nfast, and bounded S. W. by Albion.\\nIt is well watered by a branch of\\nSebasticook river, which passes N.\\nW., about 9 miles distant.\\nUnity was incorporated in 1804.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,520. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 11,099 bushels.\\nUnity, N. H.\\nSullivan CO. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Claremont and Newport,\\nE. by Goshen, S. by Lempster and\\nAcworth, and W. by Charlestown.\\nIt is 43 miles W. by N. from Con-\\ncord, and 9 S. from Newport.\\nLittle Sugar river has its source\\nin Whortleberry pond and Beaver\\nmeadow, in the N. part of the\\ntown, passes through its centre,\\nand empties itself into the Connec-\\nticut at Charlestown. Cold pond,\\nthe head of Cold river, is partly in\\nthis town. From Gilman s pond,\\nin the E. part of Unity, proceeds\\na branch of Sugar river, flowing\\nthrough Newport. Perry s moun-\\ntain is in the S. W. part, and partly\\nin Charlestown.\\nUnity is an uneven township, but\\nthe soil is highly favorable for\\ngrazing. It is excellent for flax,\\nfew towns in the state producing\\na greater quantity.\\nUnity was granted in 1764. It\\nw^as called Unity, from the happy\\ntermination of a dispute which had\\nlong subsisted between certain of\\nthe inhabitants of Kingston and\\nHampstead, claiming the same tract\\nof land under two different grants.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0443.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe first settlement was made in\\n1769. Population, 1830, 1,258.\\nUpton, Mass.\\nWorcester co. Upton was taken\\nfrom Mendon, Sutton and Hopkin-\\nton,in 1735. The surface of the\\ntown is plain land, and partly rough\\nand hilly, with a strong soil capable\\nof yielding good crops of grain and\\nhay. Much attention has been\\npaid to fruit trees in this town, and\\nmany fine orchards of various kinds\\nof fruit have been the result. West\\nriver, a branch of the Blackstone,\\nrises from a pond in Upton, and\\nfurnishes a power for a number of\\nmills. The manufactures consist\\nof woolen goods, boots, shoes, leath-\\ner, straw bonnets, sashes and blinds\\nannual value, about $175,000.\\nThis pleasant town lies 35 miles\\nW. S. W. from Boston, and 15 S. E.\\nfrom Worcester. Population, in\\n1830, 1,155; 1837, 1,451.\\nUxbridge, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This very hand-\\nsome and flourishing town lies 40\\nmiles S. W. from Boston, 17 S. by\\nE. from Worcester, and 24 N. N.\\nW. from Providence, R. I. It re-\\nceives an excellent water power\\nfrom Mum ford and West rivers,\\nand the Blackstone canal passes\\nthrough it.\\nThe manufacturing villages are\\ndelightfully situated, in valleys sur-\\nrounded by picturesque elevations.\\nThere are 5 woolen and 3 cotton\\nmills in the town, and manufactures\\nof yarn, straw bonnets, boots, shoes,\\nleather, chairs, cabinet and tin\\nwares total value, the year ending-\\nApril 1, 1S37, $402,450.\\nUxbridge was formerly a part of\\nMendon. It was incorporated in\\n1727. Population, 1830, 2,086;\\n1837, 2,246. Iron ore is found\\nhere, and an abundance of beauti-\\nful granite.\\nVassallijoroiigli, Me.\\nKennebec co. This is a large\\nand flourishing town on the east\\nside of Kennebec river, 12 miles\\nN. by E. from Augusta. There\\nare several large and beautiful\\nponds in the town, from which is-\\nsue two excellent mill streams\\none a branch of the Sebasticook,\\nthe other of the Kennebec.\\nThis is a place of considerable\\ninterior trade, and business on the\\nriver. Vessels of considerable bur-\\nthen pass to the ocean from Vas-\\nsalborough, by means of the Ken-\\nnebec Dam.\\nThe valleys are very pleasant\\nand the surface and soil of the town\\nvaried and fertile. Vassalborough\\nwas incorporated in 1771. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 2,929. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 10,272 bushels.\\nVergennes, Vt.\\nAddison co. Vergennes was fi jt\\nsettled in 1766. The territory,\\nwhich comprises an area of 480 by\\n400 rods, was invested with city\\nprivileges in 1788. It lies 12 miles\\nN. W.from Middlebury and 21 S.\\nby E. from Burlington. Population,\\n1830, 999. Vergennes is beauti-\\nfully located on Otter creek, at the\\nfalls on that stream, and is 7 miles\\nfrom Lake Champlain. Otter creek,\\nat this place, is about 500 feet wide,\\nand, at the falls, is separated bj two\\nislands, which form 3 distinct falls,\\nof 37 feet. These falls produce a\\ngreat hydraulic power, rendered\\nmore valuable by being situated in\\nthe heart of a fertile country, and\\non the navigable waters of the lake.\\nThe creek or river, between the\\ncity and the lake, is crooked, but\\nnavigable for the largest lake ves-\\nsels. During the late war, this was\\nan important depot on the lake.\\nHere was fitted out the squadron\\ncommanded by the gallant McDo-\\nnough, who met the British fleet\\notf Pittsburgh, N. Y. on the 11th\\nof September, 1814, and made it\\nhis.\\nThis is a very favorable position\\nfor ship building it now possesses", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0444.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nimportant manufactories and consid-\\nerable trade. Although the terri-\\ntory of this city is quite small, its\\npeculiarly favorable location, and\\nthe enterprise of its people, warrant\\nit a great degree of prosperity.\\nVERMONT.\\nThe people of the territory now called the state of Vermont, having\\nbeen connected with New York, and having experienced great dissatis-\\nfaction with their connexion with that state, assembled in convention and\\non the 15th of January, 1777, declared themselves independent, and or-\\nganized a government for themselves.\\nThe hardy mountaineers, who had become impatient under their con-\\nnexion with and dependence on the great state of New York, in pursu-\\nance of their own peculiar views of the rights and duties of a free and\\nindependent people, adopted many singular and peculiar provisions in their\\nconstitution. Some of them are herein stated.\\nTheir government consists of three parts the legislative, the execu-\\ntive, and the judicial.\\nThe Supreme Legislature consists of a Senate and House of Represen-\\ntatives, chosen annually by the freemen of the state, on the first Tues-\\nday of September. The Senate consists of 30 members each county\\nbeing, entitled to at least one, and the remainder to be apportioned accord-\\ning to population. The House of Representatives is composed of", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0445.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\none member from each town. The Senators are to be thirty years of\\nage and the Lieutenant Governor is ex-officio President of the Senate.\\nThe body so chosen is called The General Assembly of the\\nState of Vermont. The General Assembly meets annually on the\\nsecond Tuesday of October. They hav^e power to choose their own offi-\\ncers, to meet on their own adjournments, to terminate their sessions at\\npleasure to enact laws, grant charters, to impeach state criminals, .c.\\nAnd, in conjunction with the council, they annually elect the Justices of\\nthe Supreme, County and Probate Courts also the Sheriffs, High Bailiffs,\\nJustices of the Peace, c.; and, when occasion requires, they elect Ma-\\njors and Brigadiers General. The General Assembly have full and am-\\nple legislative powers, but they cannot change the constitution.\\nThe supreme executive power is vested in a Governor, Lieutenant\\nGovernor, and twelve Counsellors, chosen annually by the people on the\\nfirst Tuesday of September. They meet at the same time with the\\nGeneral Assembly, prepare and lay before them the business apparently\\nnecessary examine the laws in the progress of legislation, and approve\\nor disapprove of them, and propose amendments. They cannot negative\\nany act of the General Assembly, but can suspend the operation of any\\nact till the next annual meeting of the Assembly. They commission all\\nofficers; sit as judges in all cases of impeachment have power to grant\\npardons and remit fines in all cases, excepting in cases of murder and\\ntreason, in which cases they can grant reprieves till the next legislative\\nsession, and excepting also cases of impeachment. They may lay em-\\nbargoes for thirty days, when the assembly is not in session.\\nThe General Assembly, in joint meeting with the Governor and Coun-\\ncil, annually elect the Judges, Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, High Bai-\\nliffs, c.\\nThe Governor is Captain-General, but he cannot command in person,\\nunless by advice of his council. The Lieutenant Governor is Lieuten-\\nant General of the forces.\\nThe judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and Court of Chance-\\nry, a County Court in each county, consisting of one of the Justices\\nof the Supreme Court, and two Assistant Justices a Probate Court in\\neach District; and Justices of the Peace, who have a limited criminal\\nand civil jurisdiction.\\nThe Judges of Probate appoint their own Registers, and the Sheriffs\\nand High Bailiffs appoint their own deputies.\\nThe several Town Clerks are Registers of deeds of conveyance of lands\\nin their respective towns and if there be no town clerk, the deeds shall\\nbe recorded in the County Clerk s office.\\nA council of 13 Censors is chosen by the people once in 7 years, on the", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0446.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlast Wednesday of March, and meet on the first Wednesday of June fol-\\nlowing. Their duties are, to inquire if the constitution has been viola-\\nted if the legislature, c. have performed their duty if the taxes have\\nbeen justly levied and collected and if the laws have been obeyed.\\nThey may pass public censures order impeachments recommend the re-\\npeal of laws propose amendments in the constitution, and call conven-\\ntions to act on them. Their power expires in one year after their election.\\nSuccession of Governors.\\nThomas Chittenden, 1791\u00e2\u0080\u00941796. Isaac Tichenor, 1797\u00e2\u0080\u00941806. Isra-\\nel Smith, 1807. Isaac Tichenor, 180S. Jonas Galusha, 1309\u00e2\u0080\u00941812. M.\\nChittenden, 1813, 1814. Jonas Galusha, 1815\u00e2\u0080\u00941819. Richard Skinner,\\n1820\u00e2\u0080\u00941822. C. P. Van Ness, 1823\u00e2\u0080\u00941825. Ezra Butler, 1826, 1827.\\nSamuel C. Crafts, 1823\u00e2\u0080\u00941830, William A. Palmer, 1831\u00e2\u0080\u00941835. Si-\\nlas H. Jenison, 1836\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nSuccession of Chief Justices.\\nSamuel Knight, 1791\u00e2\u0080\u00941793. Isaac Tichenor 1794, 1795. Nathaniel\\nChipman, 1796. Israel Smith, 1797. Enoch Woodbridge, 1798\u00e2\u0080\u00941800.\\nJonathan Robinson, 1801\u00e2\u0080\u00941806. Royal Tyler, 1807\u00e2\u0080\u00941812. Nathaniel\\nChipman, 1813, 1814. Asa Aldis, 1815. Richard Skinner, 1816. Dud-\\nley Chase, 1817\u00e2\u0080\u00941820. C. P. Van Ness, 1821, 1822. Richard Skinner,\\n1823\u00e2\u0080\u00941828. Samuel Prentiss, 1829. Titus Hutchinson, 1830\u00e2\u0080\u00941833,\\nCharles K. Williams, 1834\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nThe state is bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S.\\nby Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Situated between 42\u00c2\u00b0 44 and\\n45 ^N. Latitude, and 73\u00c2\u00b0 16 and 71\u00c2\u00b0 20 W. Longitude.\\nVermont is divided into 14 counties, to wit Bennington, Windham,\\nRutland, Windsor, Addison, Orange, Chittenden, Washington, Caledonia,\\nFranklin, Orleans, Lamoille, Essex and Grand Isle. The population of\\nthe state in 1790, was 85,539; 1800, 154,465; 1810,217,895; 1820, 235,-\\n764; 1830, 230,657. This state contains an area of about 10,212 square\\nmiles. Population to a square mile, in 1830, was 27-^. The number\\nof sheep in the state, in 1837, was l,099;0ll.\\nThe important enterprise of a rail road from Boston to the outlet of the\\ngreat lakes, on St. Lawrence river, will doubtless be accomplished. An\\nenterprise of this kind, well worthy the consideration of the intelligent\\ncitizens and capitalists of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont,\\nwill greatly benefit those states, and make the capital of New England a\\npowerful competitor with New York, for a large portion of the immense\\nnorthern and western trade.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0447.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nAlthough this fourteenth state was not admitted into the union until af-\\nter the revolutionary contest was over, yet she vigorously resisted British\\noppression. A range of mountains covered with spruce, hemlock and\\nother evergreens divides this state nearly in its centre hence its name\\nand hence the epithet Green Mountain Boys, celebrated for their\\nbravery in the war of independence.\\nFrom these mountains many rivers take their rise the most important\\nare. Otter Creek, Onion, Lamoille and Missisque, which empty into Lake\\nChamplain, on the west; and West, White and Passumpsic, which pass to\\nthe Connecticut on the east. This state is very fertile and produces all\\nsorts of grain in great abundance. Cattle of various kinds are raised here\\nwith great facility. Wool is an important staple. Manufactures flourish\\non many of the delightful streams of Vermont, and its hills produce mar-\\nble, granite and iron ore of superior excellence. The scenery of this\\nstate is very romantic and beautiful the air is pure and healthful the\\npeople industrious, intelligent, hospitable.\\nThe trade of this state, on the west, passes to New York by lake Cham-\\nplain, the northern canal and Hudson river that on the east, to Connecti-\\nicut river. Some of the trade of this state reaches Boston, and some\\ngoes to Montreal. See Register.\\nVernoii, Vt.\\nWindham co. Vernon lies on the\\nwest side of Connecticut river, op-\\nposite to Winchester, N. H. That\\nriver bends abruptly at this place,\\nbut in consequence of its elevated\\nand rocky shore, affords this town\\nbut litle intervale land. The sur-\\nface is generally mountainous, rocky\\nand unproductive. There are in\\nthe town, fine forests of oak and\\nchesnut timber, and quarries of\\nslate. Vernon was settled at an ear-\\nly period, and for many years was\\nsubject to Indian depredations. The\\nremains of an old fort built in 1740,\\nare now seen many persons M ere\\nkilled and carried into captivity\\namong the latter was the celebrated\\nMrs. Howe. From its settlement\\nuntil 1S02, Vernon was called Hins-\\ndale.\\nVernon is 18 miles S. E. from\\nNewfane, and is bounded S. by\\nBrattleborough. Population, 1830,\\n681.\\nVernon, Ct.\\nTolland co. This town lies 12\\nmiles E. N. E. from Hartford, and\\n7 S. W. from Tolland. Rock vil-\\nlage, and Tankerooson are pleasant\\nand flourishing manufacturing vil-\\nlages, containing 18 cotton and\\nwoolen mills. The former is 14,\\nthe latter 10 miles from Hartford.\\nThe Hockanum, and a branch of\\nthat river, the Tankerooson, are the\\nprincipal streams.\\nVernon was first settled in 1716.\\nIt was a part of East Windsor and", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0448.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBolton until 1808. The surface of\\nthe town is varied by hills and val-\\nleys the soil is a gravelly loam and\\nsandv, but \u00c2\u00a3;ood for grain and grass.\\nPopulation, l830, 1,164.\\nVei sliire, Vt.\\nOrange co. The surface of this\\ntown is uneven and stony, but fur-\\nnishes pasturage for a large number\\nof sheep, horses and neat cattle.\\nBi-anches of Ompomponoosuc river\\nrise here, but give the town no val-\\nuable water power. Vershire was\\nfirst settled in 1780. It lies 25 miles\\nS. E. from Montpelier, 35 N. from\\nWindsor, and 6 E. by S. from Chel-\\nsea. Population, 1830, 1,260.\\nVictory, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This township was\\nchartered in 1781. Moose river, a\\nbranch of the Passumpsic, passes\\nthrough it. It lies 10 miles W.\\nfrom Guildhall, and, in 1830, had\\n53 inhabitants.\\nVienna, Me.\\nFranklin co. A branch of Sandy\\nriver and several ponds water this\\nfertile and pleasant town. It lies\\n25 miles N. W. from Augusta, and\\n10 S. E. from Farmington. Incor-\\nporated, 1802. Population, 1837,\\n793. Wheat crop, same year, 4,068\\nbushels.\\nVinalliavcn, Me.\\nWaldo CO. Previous to 1838,\\nthis town was attached to the coun-\\nty of Hancock. It is situated 12\\nmiles S. E. fi-om Camden, 6 E. from\\nOwl s Head, and is formed of the\\nFox Islands, at the mouth of Pe-\\nnobscot bay, about fifty miles be-\\nlow Bangor. There are three\\nislands of considerable size, belong-\\ning to this group, besides several\\nsmaller islands on their coast. This\\nisland town possesses in an eminent\\ndegree all those advantages to be\\nderived from a bold shore and good\\nharbors, in the centre of an exten-\\nsive maritime commerce, and of\\nthe domestic fishery. These privi-\\nleges arc well improved by the in-\\nhabitants of Fox Islan(^ they also\\nmake their soil tributary to their\\nwants. In 1S37, their crop of wheat\\nwas 1,611 bushels. So long as the\\nsea island towns of Mount Desert,\\nEden and Vinalhaven, afford wheat,\\nand Truro, wool, in such abun-\\ndance there seems, at present, no\\ngreat cause for the Yankees going\\nwest to escape either nakedness or\\nstarvation. These islands are fine-\\nly located for summer excursions,\\neither for health or pleasure. The\\npassages between the principal\\nislands, are delightful and the\\nscenery around them beautiful.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,768.\\nVineyard, Vt.\\nGrand Isle co. This town, com-\\nprising an island in Champlain Lake,\\ncovering an area of 4,620 acres, was\\nchartered in 1799, by the name of\\nIsle La Motte. Its name was\\nchanged to Vineyard in 1802. It\\nlies about 4 miles W. from North\\nHero, and was first settled in 1785.\\nIt is a very pleasant island, fertile\\nand abounding in excellent cedar\\nand limestone. Pop. 1830, 459.\\nVineyard. Sound, Mass.\\nThis is a great thoroughfare for\\nvessels bound along the coast be-\\ntween Cape Cod and the mouth of\\nBuzzard s bay. It lies between\\nthe island of Martha s Vineyard\\nand the islands of Nashawn and\\nNashawenna. The tides in this\\nSound are rapid, and the passage\\ndangerous, without a good pilot.\\nVoluntOAvn, Ct.\\nWindham co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1719. It derived\\nits name from the circumstance\\nthat most of its territory was grant-\\ned, in 1696, to Volunteers in the\\nNarraganset war. The surface is,\\nin some parts, hilly; but the pre-\\nvailing character of the surface and\\nsoil is a sandy and gravel Ij loam.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0449.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nVoluntown is 14 miles E. from\\nNorwich, and is bounded by Rhode\\nIsland on tflle east, and North Ston-\\nin2;ton on the south. Population, in\\n1830, 1,304. The town is watered\\nby Wood river, a branch of the\\nPawcatuck, on which are one wool-\\nen and two cotton mills.\\nWaeliiisett Moiiiitaia, Mass.\\nWorcester co. See Princeton.\\nWait s River, Vt.\\nOrange co. Branches of this\\nriver rise in Orange, Topsham, and\\nW^ashington they meet at Brad-\\nford, and fall into the Connecticut.\\nThis river, and the streams that\\ncompose it, are rather rapid in their\\ncourse, and furnish many valuable\\nmill privileges. Below the falls,\\nin Bradford, this river is more gen-\\ntle, and in its course it fertilizes\\na tract of intervale. Its longest\\nbranch is about 20 miles. Its\\nmouth, on the Connecticut, is about\\n100 feet in width.\\nWaitsiield, Vt.\\nWashington co. Mad river, a\\nsmall, rapid stream, passes circui-\\ntously through this town, fertilizing\\nthe soil, and affording it good mill\\nseats. The uplands are a deep\\nloam, fertile, and productive of all\\nthe varieties of a northern climate.\\nHere are line pastures, and between\\n5,000 and 6,000 sheep.\\nThere are some manufactures in\\nthe town, but the people are gener-\\nally farmers, and make a good\\nbusiness of it. Good clay for mak-\\ning earthern ware, iron ore, and\\nrock crystal are found here. This\\ntown lies 11 miles S. W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 30 S. E. from Burling-\\nton. Population, iS30, 985.\\nThe settlement of Waitsfield was\\ncommenced in 1789, by General\\nBenjamin Wait, from Sudbu-\\nry, Massachusetts. General Wait\\nentered the service of his country\\nat the age of 18, and performed\\nmuch difficult service with grea\\nbravery and success. At the age\\nof 25 he had been engaged in forty\\nbattles and skirmishes his clothes\\nwere several times perforated with\\nmusket balls, but he never received\\na wound. In 1776, he entered the\\nrevolutionary army as captain, and\\nacquired the rank of colonel. Af-\\nter the war, he was made a briga-\\ndier general of militia, and was\\nhigh sheritr of the county of Wind-\\nsor seven years. General Wait,\\nhaving lived to see the town he\\nhad phmted in its wilderness state,\\ncovered with fruitful fields, and\\npeopled by independent yeomen,\\ndied in 1822, aged 86 years.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Walcciieltl, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town lies 50\\nmiles N. E. from Concord, and 30\\nN. by W. from Dover; bounded\\nN. W. by Ossipee and Effingham,\\nE. by Maine, S. E. by Milton, W.\\nby Middleton and Brookfield.\\nLovewell s pond, in the S. part of\\nthe town, is about 700 rods long, 275\\nwide. Province pond lies between\\nWakefield and Effingham, and is\\n450 rods long, 400 wide. Pine\\nriver pond is the source of the river\\nof that name flowing N. W. into Os-\\nsipee lake. The principal branch\\nof the Piscataqua has its rise in\\nEast pond, between Wakefield and\\nNewfield, Maine. The soil of\\nthis town is generally good.\\nThe town was formerly called\\nEast-foion, and was incorporated\\nin 1774, by its present name.\\nThere are several cotton mills in\\nthis town, and various other manu-\\nfactures.\\nLovewell s pond, in this town,\\nderived its name from Captain John\\nLove we 11, of Dunstable, who, on\\nthe 20th February, 1725, surprised\\nand destroyed a party of Indians\\nencamped on the side of the pond.\\nPtobert Macklin, distinguished for\\nlonsevity, died here in 1787, at the\\nage of 115. He was born in Scot-\\n1 la\u00c2\u00b0nd. Population, 1830, 1,470.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0450.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWalden, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This is an eleva-\\nted township between the head wa-\\nters of Onion and Lamoille rivers.\\nCole s pond, a large sheet of water,\\nlying in the town, produces a small\\nmill stream, called Joe s Brook.\\nThe surface is generally rough, but\\nthe soil in some parts of the town\\nproduces good crops. Walden was\\nfirst settled in 17S9. It lies 22 miles\\nN. N. E. from Montpelier, and is\\nbounded S. E. by Danville. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 827.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Waldo County, Me.\\nBelfast is the shire town. This\\nmaritime and agricultural county-\\nis bounded N. by Penobscot and\\nPiscataquis counties E. by Pe-\\nnobscot bay and river; S. by Lin-\\ncoln county, and W. by the county\\nof Kennebec. It contains an area\\nof about 812 square miles. Its\\npopulation in 1830, was 29,290 and\\nin 1837, 36,817.\\nOn the eastern side of the coun-\\nty, the noble Penobscot spreads its\\nbroad bay and river, embosoming\\nBelfast and other beautiful bays,\\nand indented with numerous capa-\\ncious harbors, affording this county\\nevery desirable facility for naviga-\\ntion and the fisheries. The relative\\nposition of this county with the\\ngreat basin of the Penobscot, is\\nsuch as to give to it a large share of\\nthe commerce of that fertile and\\nrapidly increasing section of New\\nEngland.\\nWaldo county possesses vrithiu\\nitself great resources of agricultur-\\nal wealth. The surface is gener-\\nally undulating: no portion of the\\ncounty is too elevated or too low\\nfor cultivation. It is heavily tim-\\nbered and abounds in limestone, of\\nwhich large quantities are annually\\nmanufactured and transported. The\\nsoil is fertile, and congenial to the\\ngrowth of every northern staple\\ncommodity. This county is inter-\\nspersed with excellent mill streams,\\n37\\nand its numerous j)onds give it a\\nvaried and picturesque appearance.\\nWaldo county was, as it were\\nbut yesterday, a desert; at present\\nnot more than two-thirds of its ter-\\nritory may be said to be settled.\\nIn 1837, it produced 109,140 bush-\\nels of wheat, and contained 55,000\\nsheep, with a population of 45 to a\\nsquare mile.\\nWaldo, Me.\\nWaldo CO. This is a Plantation,\\nbut it is high time it was incorpo-\\nrated with town privileges, for its\\nsurface is pleasant, and its soil fer-\\ntile it abounds with mill sites, and\\nits increase of population, for the\\nlast seven years, was 35 per cent.\\nWaldo is 44 miles E. N. E. from\\nAugusta, and 7 W. N. W. from\\nBelfast. Population, 1837, 718.\\nWheat crop, same year, 1,903\\nbushels.\\nWaldoborougli, Me.\\nLincoln co. This is a large,\\npleasant, and flourishing commercial\\ntown; a port of entry, situated on\\nboth sides of Muscongus river, and\\nat the head of navigation on Mus-\\ncongus bay.\\nThis town, surrounded by a fertile\\ncountry, enjoying navigable accom-\\nmodations, a great water power,\\nand peopled by an enterprising and\\nindustrious class of agriculturalists,\\nmechanics and sailors, cannot fail\\nof advancing in wealth and popula-\\ntion. The tonnage of this district,\\nin 1837, was 39,960 tons.\\nThe surface of the town is agree-\\nably diversitied the soil of a qual-\\nity just hard enough to promote a\\nproper circulation of the blood of\\nits cultivators, with air and water\\nas pleasant, as pure, and as favora-\\nable to health and longevity, as\\nthose of any prairie, of which we\\nhave any account, west of the Al-\\nleghany mountains. It is true that\\nthese people have to encounter the\\ndangers of the seas, in the naviga-\\ntion of their numerous vessels en-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0451.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ngaged in foreign*and domestic com-\\nmerce; to accidents attendant on\\nlaunching their trig ships, brigs,\\nand schooners, and in preparing\\nvarious kinds of lumber for their\\ncargoes and that they sometimes\\nget drowned in crossing their rapid\\nstreams, and break their limbs by\\nriding too faston their wintry snows;\\nyet they are perfectly satistied witli\\ntheir location and condition, and\\nhave no hankering for the balmy\\nhreezes of the south, nor thirst for\\nthe sweet waters of the west.\\nWaldoborough is an ancient town\\nfor this section of country it was\\nincorporated in 1773. It lies 37\\nmiles S. E. from Augusta, and 22\\nE. N. E. from Wiscasset. Popu-\\nlation, 1820, 2,449; 1830, 3,113;\\n1837, 3,420.\\nIVales, Me.\\nLincoln Co. There is a beauti-\\nful pond lying partly in Wales and\\npartly in Lisbon its outlet meets\\nthe Androscoggin a few miles above\\nTopsham. Wales is an agricultu-\\nral town of good soil and even\\nsurface, 20 miles S. W. from Au-\\ngusta, and 26 N. W. from Wiscas-\\nset. Incorporated, 1816. Popula-\\ntion, 1837, 667. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 2,232 bushels.\\nWales, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town is wa-\\ntered by a branch of Quinnebaug\\nriver, and has a considerable water\\npower. The surface of the town is\\nuneven, but the soil affords good\\npasturage. Here is a woolen mill,\\nand manufactures of leather, boots,\\nshoes, axes, hatchets, palm-leaf\\nhats. Sic.: annual value, about $70,-\\n000. Wales is 67 miles W. S. W.\\nfrom Boston, and 17 E. by S. from\\nSpringfield. Population, 1837,738.\\nWallingford, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town is water-\\ned by Otter creek. Mill river, and\\nby three ponds, one of which, Hi-\\nram s pond, covering an area of 350\\nacres, lies on very elevated ground,\\nand is one of the principal sources\\nof Otter creek. The other ponds\\nare of less size, and less eleva-\\nted. These mountain ponds are\\nvery handsome, and contain fish.\\nThe soil of the town is gener-\\nally good that on the banks of\\nOtter creek, is very fertile and\\nproductive. Wallingford produces\\nall the varieties of grain, grass, c.,\\nand feeds a large numbei- of sheep.\\nA range of primitive limestone\\npasses through the western part of\\nthe township, in which have been\\nopened several quarries of excel-\\nlent marble. Green hill, situated\\nnear the centre, is composed almost\\nentirely of quartz. A part of\\nWhite rocks, belonging to the Green\\nMountain range, appears to be\\ngranite, the rest quartz. At the\\nfoot of White rocks, are large cavi-\\nties formed by the fallen rocks, call-\\ned the icebeds, in which ice is found\\nin abundance through the summer\\nseason. There are some valuable\\nmanufacturing establishments in\\nthe town, and a flourishing trade.\\nThe village is pleasantly located on\\nthe banks of Otter creek, near one\\nof the ponds. It contains some\\nhandsome buildings, and presents a\\nvariety of picturesque scenery.\\nWallingford was firstsettled in 1773.\\nIt lies 10 miles S. by E. from Rut-\\nland and 42 N. N. E. from Benning-\\nton. Population, 1830, 1740.\\nWalliiagfoJi:!!, Ct,\\nNew Haven co. Wallingford\\nis bounded N. by Meriden, W. by\\nCheshire, E. by Durham and Mid-\\ndletovvn, and S. by North Bradford\\nand North Haven. Its length fiom\\neast to west is nearly 7 miles, and\\nits breadth about 6. The central\\npart of Wallingford is 13 miles N.\\nfrom New Haven, 23 S. from Hart-\\nford, and between 11 and 12 miles\\nS. W. from Middletown. The pre-\\nvailing surface is pleasantly diver-\\nsified with moderate hills and dales\\nthe eastern extremity of the town-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0452.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nship is mountainous. The soil is\\ngenerally excellent, excepting a\\ntract called Wallingfbrd plain, con-\\nsisting of coarse sand, situated on\\nthe eastern bank of the Quinnipiac.\\nIt is nearly 4 miles in length, and\\nabout I of a mile in breadth. It is\\nthe most extensive tract of level\\nland in the state, and one of the\\nmost sterile and barren. The town\\nis watej-ed by the Quinnipiac, a\\nvaluable mill stream, which passes\\nthrough the extent of the town,\\nupon which are several mills and\\nmanufactories. Yaleville is a lit-\\ntle manufacturing village in the\\nnorthern section of the town, where\\nbritannia and tin ware is manufac-\\ntured to some extent. There is an\\nestablishment westward of the\\nmain street, on the Quinnipiac, for\\nthe manufacture of wood screws,\\nof which there are about 1,000\\ngroce manufactured daily. The\\nprincipal village of Wallingford is\\nbeautifully situated on a fine eleva-\\ntion upwards of a mile east of the\\nriver, on two parallel streets entend-\\ning along the ridge of the hill.\\nThe western street, on which the\\nprincipal part of the village is sit-\\nuated, is upwards of a mile in\\nlength.\\nWallingford originally belonged\\nto New Haven, and was called\\nNew Haven Village. It was first\\nsettled about the year 1669. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 2,418.\\nWalloostook River, Me.\\nThis is the western or main\\nbranch of St. John s river. Its\\nhead waters are in the counties of\\nSomerset and Franklin, and on the\\nborder of Canada. It receives the\\nwaters of many lakes, ponds and\\nrivers, and drains a large section of\\nwilderness country. This river is\\ncalled the Walloostook until it\\nmeets the waters of the St. Fran-\\ncois. The lands on the borders of\\nthis river are said to be fertile and\\nheavily timbered. See St. John s\\nriver under Fundy, Bay.\\nVValoomsack River, Vt.\\nThis good mill stream is formed\\nin Bennington, by several branch-\\nes it passes N. W. and joins the\\nHoosack, Between the Waloom-\\nsack and Hoosack the famous Ben\\nnington Battle was fought.\\nWalpole, N. H.\\nCheshire co. This place lies 60\\nmiles S. W. by W. from Concord,\\n13 N. W. from Keene, and 90 N.\\nW. from Boston. Population in\\n1830, 1,979. The face of this town\\nis beautifully diversified by hills\\nand vales. The soil is similar to\\nthat of other towns on Connecticut\\nriver. The intervales afford excel-\\nlent tillage the uplands are inferi-\\nor to none in the state. Cold river\\npasses through the north part, and\\nforms a junction with the Connecti-\\ncut. There is a lofty hill, called\\nFall Mountain, a part of the range\\nof Mon.nt Toby the highest parts\\nof which are about 730 feet above\\nthe level of the river. The village\\nof Walpole is situated at the foot of\\nthis hill, on a plain the margin of\\nthe intervales. The principal street\\nruns N. and S. and is bordered on\\nboth sides w ith dwelling houses,\\nstores and shops.\\nDrewsville, in this town, is a\\npleasant village, romantically situa\\nted near the falls it is a place of\\nsome trade, and considerable manu-\\nfactures.\\nBellows Falls, on Connecticut riv-\\ner, separates this town from Rock-\\ningham, Vt. At the bridge, which\\ncrosses the river at this place, built\\nin 1785, and 365 feet in length, the\\ntraveller is presented with a most\\ninteresting and sublime view. The\\nriver here is compressed into a\\nnarrow strait, between steep rocks,\\nand for nearly a quarter of a mile is\\nhurried on with great rapidity and\\nloud roaring. In no place is the\\nfall perpendicular, to any consider-\\nable extent but in the distance of\\nhalf a mile the waters descend 42", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0453.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfeet. A canal, with 9 locks, passes\\nround these falls on the west side.\\nCol. Benjamin Bellows was one of\\nthe first settlers of this town, in\\n1749. He was a man of great en-\\nterprise and bravery. His descen-\\ndants are numerous and highly re-\\nspectable.\\nBellows Falls village, is in\\nRockingham, Vt., opposite toDrews-\\nville.\\nWalpole, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. This town is finely\\nwatered by three branches of the\\nNeponset which meet at this place.\\nThe face of the town is rough, but\\ncapable of producing good crops.\\nThere are three cotton, two wool-\\nen and two paper mills in the town,\\nand manufactures of iron castings,\\nhoes, hats, leather, straw bonnets,\\nand twine total value, the year\\nending April 1, 1837, $240,364.\\nThis pleasant and flourishing town\\nwas taken from Dedham in 1724.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,592. It is 20\\nmiles S. W. from Boston, 10 S. W.\\nfrom Dedham, and 21 N, by W.\\nfrom Providence, R. I.\\nW^altliam, Me.\\nHancock co. Population, 1837,\\n207. Wheat crop, same year, 356\\nbushels. See Down East.\\nWaltham, Vt.\\nAddison CO. Buck mountain lies\\nnear the centre of this town, and as\\nit is the highest land in the county,\\nwest of the Green mountains, its\\nsummit exhibits a good view of a\\ndelightful section of country.\\nWaltham lies on the east side of\\nOtter Creek, which separates it from\\nPanton. Otter Creek, at this place,\\nis sluggish in its course, and affords\\nno mill privileges. The soil is gen-\\nerally good that along the stream\\nis excellent. The number of sheep\\nin Waltham, in 1837, was 3,890.\\nPopulation, 1830, 330. It is 9 miles\\nN. W. from Middlebury, and 24 S.\\nfrom Burlington.\\nWaltliam, 3Iass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is one of the\\nmany beautiful towns which environ\\nthe capitol of New England. It is\\n10 miles W. by N. from Boston, and\\n9 S E. from Concord. It was in-\\ncorporated in 1737. Population,\\n1830, 1,859; 1837,2,287.\\nThe surface is moderately level,\\nwith some elevations. Prospect\\nHill, 470 feet above the level of\\nthe sea, presents a delightful view\\nof Boston, its harbor, and the adja-\\ncent towns and country. The soil\\nis generally not very fertile, but is\\nrendered productive by industry.\\nWaltham Plain is a beautiful\\ntract of land, under a high state of\\ncultivation. It is about two and a\\nhalf miles in length, and a mile in\\nwidth. On the road over this plain\\nis a continuous village, containing\\nmany handsome dwellings and beau-\\ntiful gardens among the number,\\nthat of the Hon. Theodore Lyman\\nis pre-eminently beautiful. Mr.\\nLyman s garden, of many acres in\\nextent, decorated with almost every\\nvariety of fruit tree, shrub and\\nflower, both native and exotic, is\\nprobably unsurpassed, in costliness\\nand splendor, by any private estab-\\nlishment of the kind in the United\\nStates.\\nIn this town the first cotton mill,\\non an extensive scale, was erected,\\nin 1814. The capital of the compa-\\nny was $600,000. By extraordinary\\nskill and good management, through\\nall the various commercial changes,\\nthis establishment proved lucrative\\nto the proprietors and highly bene-\\nficial to the public. The waters of\\nCharles river, which glide through\\nthe town, being fully improved,\\nthe proprietors extended their man-\\nufacturing operations at Lowell.\\nThere are in Waltham three cot-\\nton mills, a bleachery, a machine\\nshop, a paper mill, and manufac-\\ntures of boots, shoes, hats, carria-\\nges, wagons, chairs, cabinet and tin\\nwares total value, the year end-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0454.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning April 1, 1837, $348,067. The\\nroads in this and the neighboring\\ntowns, are uncommonly excellent.\\nPerhaps in no section of country\\nin the world, are the roads better\\nthan within 10 miles of Boston.\\nAVardstoorougli, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town is 15\\nmiles N. W. from Brattleborough,\\n20 N. E. from Bennington, and 10\\nN. W. fromNewfane. It wasiirst\\nsettled in 1780. Population, 1830,\\n1,148.\\nThe surface of the town is hilly,\\nand in some parts rocky the soil is\\nhard, but rendered productive by\\nthe industry of its people. Wards-\\nborough is watered by West riv er,\\nand contains a number of minerals,\\nof which tremolite and zoisite are\\nthe most important, and of which\\nline specimens are found. There\\nare some mills in the town, but the\\nwater power is not extensive.\\nWare River, Mass.\\nBranches of this large and pow-\\nerful mill stream rise in Hubbards^\\nton, Barre and Oakl)am. It passes\\nthrough Hardwick, New Braintree\\nand Ware, and joins the Chickopee\\nat Palmer.\\nWare, Mass.\\nHampshire co. Ware possesses\\nan admirable water power by Ware\\nand Swift rivers. The surface of\\nthe town is rough and hilly, and the\\nsoil more fit for grazing than tillage.\\nIn 1837, there were 1,380 sheep in\\nthe town: value of wool, $1,667.\\nWare is 66 miles W. by S. from\\nBoston, 22 E. by S. from Northamp-\\nton, and 23 N. E. from Springfield.\\nIncorporated, 1761. Population,\\n1830, 2,045; 1837, 2,403.\\nWare contains a beautiful village\\nwhich commands an active and\\nflourishing trade. There are two\\ncotton and two woolen mills in the\\ntown, and manufactures of boots,\\nshoes, leather, hats, tin ware, straw\\nbonnets, palm-leaf hats, augers,\\n37*\\nsheet iron, starch, carriages, har-\\nnesses, and boxes total value, the\\nyear ending April 1, 1837,$645,121.\\nWareliani, Mass.\\nPlymouth co. The surface of\\nthis town is generally level, with\\na light, sandy soil, not very produc-\\ntive. It is favorably situated for\\nmanufacturing purposes, being wa-\\ntered by two fine mill streams, and\\nfor ship building, the fishery, and\\nforeign and domestic commerce,\\nhaving a number of good harbors\\nat the head of Buzzard s bay.\\nWareham lies 50 miles S. S. E.\\nfrom Boston, 16 S. from Plymouth,\\nand 15 E. N. E. from New Bedford.\\nIt was incorporated in 1739. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,885; 1837, 2,166.\\nThere are in this town six nail fac-\\ntories, six air and cupola furnaces,\\ntwo rolling mills, 2 cotton mills,\\na paper mill, and manufactures of\\nvessels, salt, nail casks, chairs,\\ncabinet ware, leather, boots, shoes,\\nc. the total value of these man-\\nufactures, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, was $1,260,637. The num-\\nber of hands employed in these man-\\nufactures, was 682. One whale\\nship, of 374 tons, belongs to this\\nplace the cargo of oil, in 1837,\\namounted to $78,286.\\nIn 1836, there arrived and clear-\\ned at Wareham, 2 ships, 7 brigs, 86\\nschooners, and 193 sloops aggre-\\ngate tonnage, 20,140 tons. During\\nthat year there were exported from\\nthis place 7,107 tons of nails, 421\\ntons of iron hoops, 1,969 tons of\\nhollow ware, 144 tons of iron cast-\\nings, 98 tons of nail rods, 386 doz-\\nen of shovels, and 4,180 bushels\\nof salt. The number of tons of\\nmanufactured iron, exported that\\nyear, was 9,765.\\nWarner, N. H.\\nMerrimack co. This town is\\nbound N. by Sutton and Salisbury,\\nE. by Boscawen, S. by Hopkinton\\nand Henniker, and W. by Brad-\\nford. The distance of Warner", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0455.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nfrom Hopkinton is 8 miles, and from\\nConcord, 15. It is watered by War-\\nner river, a handsome streani, which\\nrises in the Sunapee mountain in\\nNewbury. It passes through Brad-\\nford, enters Warner at the N. W.\\ncorner, and running in an E. and\\nS. E. direction, divides the town\\ninto nearly two equal parts, and\\nfalls into Contoocook river in Hop-\\nkinton. The lands, though broken,\\nhave, in general a good soil. Mink\\nhills lie in the W. part, and furnish\\nfine orchards and good pasturage.\\nThere are four ponds, viz Tom,\\nBear, Bagley and Pleasant ponds.\\nPleasant pond, the waters of which\\nare clear and cold, deep, and of a\\ngreenish cast, has no visible outlet\\nor inlet, and overflows its banks in\\nthe driest seasons.\\nThis town was granted in 1735,\\nby the general court of Massachu-\\nsetts, to Dea. Thomas Stevens and\\nothers. It was incorporated in 1774,\\nby the name of Warner. The first\\nsettlement was made in 1762, by\\nDavid Annis and his son-in-law,\\nReuben Kimball, whose son Daniel\\nwas the first child born in town.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,221.\\nThe following account of a terri-\\nble tornado, in this section of coun-\\ntry, is by the Rev. John Woods,\\npublished in Professor Silliman s\\nJournal, Vol. XXXV.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 No. 2.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nJanuary, 1839.\\nMr. Woods says, The event\\noccvirred about half past 5 o clock,\\nSunday evening, September 9th,\\n1S21. The wind, I suppose, was a\\nproper whirlwind, precisely such\\nas occasion water-spouts at sea.\\nA very intelligent woman in War-\\nner, who, at a distance of two or\\nthree miles, observed its progress,\\ncompared its appearance to a tin\\ntrumpet, the small end downward,\\nalso to a great elephant s trunk let\\ndown out of heaven, and moving\\nmajestically along. She remarked,\\nthat its appearance and rr.otion gave\\nher a strong impression of life.\\nWhen it had reached the easterly\\npart of the town, she said the low-\\ner end appeared to be taken up from\\nthe earth, and to bend around in a\\nserpentine form, until it passed be-\\nhind a black cloud and disappeared.\\nIts course was southeasterly. It\\nwas attended with but little rain in\\nsome parts of its course, more in\\nothers. The rain, or what appear-\\ned like it, was in my opinion taken\\nfrom bodies of water which it pass-\\ned over. It was said, that it low-\\nered the water in a small pond in\\nWarner, about three feet. To peo-\\nple near Sunapee lake, in New\\nLondon, I was told, it appeared as\\nif the lake was rushing up towards\\nheaven. The appearance of the\\ncloud to beholders at a little dis-\\ntance, was awfully terrific. It\\ncommenced its desolating progress\\neast of Grantham mountain, in\\nCroydon. In Wendell, beside oth-\\ner buildings, it demolished a dwell-\\ning house, and carried a child who\\nwas asleep upon a bed, into Suna-\\npee lake. In New London and\\nSutton it did considerable damage,\\nbut met with few dwelling houses\\nand destroyed no lives. From Sut-\\nton it passed over the southwest\\nbranch or spur of Kearsarge moun-\\ntain, with a gore of land belonging\\nto Warner, called Kearsarge gore.\\nAt the foot of this mountain, it en-\\ntirely demolished five barns, un-\\nroofed another, and utterly destroy-\\ned two dwelling houses and so rent\\nanother as to render it irrepara-\\nble.\\nThe houses wholly destroyed\\nbelonged to two brothers, Robert\\nand Daniel Savary. They contain-\\ned fourteen persons. In the house\\nof the latter were their aged par-\\nents, seventy years old, I should\\nthink, or upwards. The old gen-\\ntlemen, as he saw the cloud com-\\ning, went into a chamber to close\\na window, and was there when the\\nv/ind struck the house. He was\\ncarried four or five rods, dashed\\nupon the rock, and instantly killed.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0456.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nA part of his brain was left upon\\nthe rock where he fell. His wife\\nwas very badly wounded, and it was\\nthought would not recover. A\\nchild of Daniel Savary, in the same\\nhouse, was also killed. In the\\nhouse of Robert Savary, several\\nwere much wounded and bruised,\\nbut no lives lost. The houses and\\nbarns and other buildings at this\\nplace were not only levelled with\\nthe foundation, but the materials\\nand contents were dashed in ten\\nthousand pieces, and scattered in\\nevery direction. Carts, wagons,\\nsleighs, ploughs, and sleds which\\nwere new and strong, (one ox-sled,\\nI recollect, was entirely new,)\\nwere carried to a considerable dis-\\ntance from twenty to sixty rods\\nand so broken and shattered as to be\\nfit only for fuel. Stone walls were\\nlevelled, and rocks, weighing two,\\nthree, or four hundred pounds, were\\nturned out of their beds, apparent-\\nly by the bare force of the wind.\\nLarge logs, also, two feet or more\\nin diameter, which were bedded in-\\nto the ground, and were fifty or sixty\\nfeet long, were not sufficiently\\nweighty to retain their location.\\nIn one instance I recollect to have\\nseen one large log lying upon an-\\nother in such a condition, that it\\nwas thought by good judges, that\\nten yoke of oxen could not have\\nmoved the lower one from its bed\\nbut both were removed by the\\nwind several feet. An elm tree\\nnear where old Mr. Savary fell,\\nwhich was one foot at least in di-\\nameter, and too strongly rooted to\\nyield, was twisted like a withe to\\nthe ground, and lay prostrate across\\nthe path like a wilted weed. Not\\nan apple or forest tree was left\\nstanding. One barn was seen to be\\ntaken up whole, with its contents\\nof hay, grain, ,c. After being\\ncarried several rods, it came to\\npieces, and flew like feathers in\\nevery direction.\\nFrom the neighborhood of the\\nSavarys, it passed over another spur\\nof the mountain, and fell with great\\nviolence on the buildings of Peter\\nFlanders and Joseph True. Their\\nhouses, which were but a few rods\\ndistant, one in Warner, the other in\\nSalisbury, were utterly demolished.\\nIn Mr. F. s house were nine per-\\nsons, two of whom were instantly\\nkilled. Mr. F. and wife were very\\nbadly wounded, but at length re-\\ncovered. In Mr. T. s house were\\n7, all of whom were most wonder-\\nfully preserved, except that 2 chil-\\ndren, 10 or 12 years old, were bad-\\nly burnt by hot bricks, the oven\\nhaving been heated and the bread\\nthen in it one of whom lingered\\nseveral wrecks in extreme suffer-\\ning and then died. The father and\\nmother of Mrs. T., who lived about\\nhalf a mile distant, were visiting\\nthere. They had just left the tea\\ntable. Mr. T. and his father-in-law\\nwent out at the door and saw the\\ncloud, but thought at first they\\nwere so under the hill it would pass\\nharmless over them. But they\\nwere soon convinced that its track\\nwas marked with desolation. Mr.\\nT. just gave an alarm to his family,\\nthen ran under the end of his shop,\\nwhich happened to stand beyond\\nthe violence of the wind so as not\\nto be demolished. His father-in-\\nlaw, (Jones,) stood his ground un-\\ntil the wind struck the barn, a few\\nrods to the northwest of him, and\\nhe saw the fragments of it flying\\nthick in the air over his head. He\\nthen threw himself flat upon the\\nground by a heavy pile of wood.\\nInstantly a rafter fell endwise close\\nby him, entering the ground a foot\\nor two in depth, and immediately\\na beam grazed down upon the raf-\\nter and lay at his feet. He and\\nMr. T. were entirely unharmed.\\nIn a moment they saw, instead of a\\nnew and strong and very comforta-\\nble dwelling house, a perfect desola-\\ntion. Not even a sill remained up-\\non its foundation. Even the cellar\\nstairs, and the hearths, which were\\nof tile or brick eight inches square.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0457.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwere taken up and removed. The\\nbricks of the chimney lay scattered\\nalong, partly covering Mrs. T., and\\ncovering to a considerable depth\\ntwo of the children. Mrs. T. was\\nsoon taken up with but little inju-\\nry. The shrieks and cries of the\\ntwo children, under a weight of\\nhot bricks, next pierced the heart\\nof their father. In removing them,\\nhe burnt his hands to the bone.\\nThey were at length taken out\\nalive, but in a state of great suffer-\\ning, one of whom, as I have men-\\ntioned, after a few weeks, died.\\nAll were now found but the babe,\\nabout one year old. Supposing it\\nto be under the bricks, Mr. T. re-\\nnewed his labor but soon it was\\nheard to cry in the direction of the\\nwind. Such as could run, ran in\\nsearch of it, and soon found it ly-\\ning safe upon the ground beneath\\na sleigh bottom, 10 or 15 rods from\\nwhere the house had stood. When\\nthe wind came, the sleigh was in\\nthe barn, six or eight rods north or\\nnorthwesterly from the liouse. The\\ntwo last mentioned houses were\\none story, well built, and well fur-\\nnished dwellings. Their materials\\nwere not merely separated, but\\nbroken, splintered, reduced to kind-\\nling wood, and scattered like the\\nchaff of the summer thrashing\\nfloors. It was the same with fur-\\nniture, beds, bedding, bureaus,\\nchairs, tables, and the like. A loom\\nwas, to appearance, carried whole\\nabout forty rods, and then dashed\\nin pieces. The width of the deso-\\nlation here was about twenty or\\ntwenty-five rods. On the higher\\ngrounds over which it passed it\\nwas forty, fifty, or sixty rods. The\\ndeeper the valley, the narrower\\nand more violent was the current.\\nFrom the last mentioned neighbor-\\nhood it passed on to the east part\\nof Warner, but met with no other\\ndwelling houses, and did but little\\ndamage, except to fences and for-\\nests. The appearance of the ground\\nwhere it passed, was as if a migh-\\nty torrent had swept over it, up\\nhill as well as down. Near\\nthe boundary, between Warner\\nand Boscawen, the desolation ceas-\\ned. It was taken up from the earth,\\nbut spruce floor boards, which\\nwere taken from New London,\\nwere borne upon its bosom and\\ndropped in the Shaker village in\\nCanterbury, a distance of about\\nthirty miles. In following its track\\nin Kearsarge gore, I came to a\\nconsiderable stream of water, across\\nAvhich had been a bridge, covered\\nwith large oak logs, split in the\\nmiddle, instead of planks. These\\nhalf logs were scattered in every\\ndirection, some carried, I should\\nthink, ten rods in the direction from\\nwhich the wind came, others sixty\\nrods in the direction it went, and\\nothers were dropped near the mar-\\ngin at the right and left.\\nOne remarkable fact is, that the\\nsame day, and about the same time\\nin the day, two other similar whirl-\\nwinds were experienced, which\\nmoved in nearly parallel lines, one\\npassing through Warwick, Mass.,\\nand the other about the same dis-\\ntance to the northeast.\\n^Varreii, Me.\\nOne of the county towns of Lin-\\ncoln county. This town is situated\\non both sides of St. Georges river, at\\nthe head of the tide waters, and is\\nbounded N. by Union, S. by Camp-\\nden and Thomaston, S. by Gushing,\\nand W. by Waldoborough. Incor-\\nporated, 1776. Population, 1830,\\n2,030; 1837,2,143. It is 34 miles\\nS. E. from Augusta.\\nThe location of this town is very\\nfavorable for manufactures and\\nnavigation. The lumber business\\nis not so large as formerly, yet con-\\nsiderable quantities are now sawed\\nand shipped. Ship building is an\\nimportant branch of business, and\\nthe manufacture of lime, from a\\nsuperior quality of limestone, with\\nwhich this section of country\\nabounds, is carried on extensively,", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0458.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nand is annually increasing. The\\nvillage is well located and pleasant\\nit contains a well conducted acade-\\nmy or hi^h school, for youth of\\nboth sexes; in which all the lan-\\nguages and other branches of edu-\\ncation may be obtained, and such\\nas are necessary to prepare them\\nfor future usefulness in society.\\nWarren, N. II.\\nGrafton co. This town is 10 miles\\nS. E. from Haverhill corner, and 63\\nN. by W, from Concord. It is wa-\\ntered by the N. branch of Baker s\\nriver, which has its source on the\\nE. side of Moosehillock mountain.\\nIt passes in a N. direction to Went-\\nworth, and, near the S. line of War-\\nren, furnishes several valuable mill\\nseats. The S. E. part presents a\\nmountainous aspect, liaving a large\\nportion of Carr s mountain on its\\nsoutheastern border. Warren was\\ngranted by charter, in 1763. Popu-\\nlation, in 1830, 702.\\nAVarren, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town was\\nfirst settled about the year 1797, by\\nSamuel Lard and Seth Leavitt. It\\nlies 16 miles S. W. from Montpe-\\nlier, and 31 S. E. from Burlington,\\nPopulation, 1330, 766. This town\\nis watered by Mad river, and al-\\nthough between the two Green\\nmountain ranges, the surface is not\\nmuch broken; it has some good mill\\nsites, and some mechanical opera-\\ntions by water. Many cattle are\\nreared in the town, and about 4,000\\nsheep are kept.\\nWari en, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\ncalled Western from 1741 to 1834.\\nIt lies 60 miles W. by S. from Bos-\\nton, and 23 W. S.W from Worcester.\\nPopulation, 1837, 1,196. It is wa-\\ntered by Chickopee river, and con-\\ntains one cotton and two woolen\\nmills, a scythe factory and manu-\\nfactures of palm-leaf hats. The\\nvalue of goods annually made in\\nthe town, is about $75,000. A large\\nportion of the lands in Warren are\\nuneven and hilly, but the soil is\\nwarm, and favorable to the growth\\nof grain, and the support of sheep,\\nof which 1,110 were kept in 1837.\\nThe village is quite pleasant.\\nAVarreu, R. I.\\nBristol CO. This small town, com-\\nprising an area of only about 2,600\\nacres, is situated on the E. side of\\nNarragansetbay, and is bounded N.\\nand W. by Palmer or Warren river,\\nE. by Massachusetts, and S. by\\nBristol. It is 11 miles S. E. from\\nProvidence, and 19N.by E. Irom\\nNewport. Incorporated, 1746. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,800.\\nThe surface of Warren is undu-\\nlating, with a soil of rich mould,\\nvery fertile and productive. Great\\nattention is paid in this place to ag-\\nriculture, and particularly to horti-\\nculture and all the varieties of\\nfruits and culinary vegetables are\\nproduced in abundance and perfec-\\ntion, Warren has a safe and com-\\nmodious harbor for vessels of 300\\ntons burthen a number of vessels\\nare owned here, engaged in foreign\\ncommerce, the coasting trade and\\nfishery. Ship building has been\\npursued here to a great extent, and\\nsome vessels are now built, but not\\nso many as formerly. This place\\nhas produced a great number of ex-\\ncellent sailors and ship masters, as\\nwell as ship builders.\\nThe village is delightfully situa-\\nted on a rise of ground fronting the\\nharbor: it is neatly built, and is\\nsurrounded by a variety of interest-\\ning scenery. This town is noted\\nfor the healthiness of its climate,\\nand the longevity of its inhabitants\\nIn 1834, there were only 19 deaths\\nin the town, and the average age\\nof 7 of those was 85 years. War-\\nren is a fine resort in summer, and is\\nmuch frequented.\\nWarren, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. Warren was taken", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0459.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEU.\\nfrom Kent, in 1786. It is bounded\\non the E. by Litchfield, and is 38\\nmiles W. from Hartford. The town\\nis watered by Shepaug river, a\\nbranch of the Housatonick, and by\\na large and handsome pond, called\\nRaumaug. Warren is hilly and\\nrocky, and in some parts mountain-\\nous. It however produces butter,\\ncheese, beef, pork, some grain, and\\nconsiderable wool. Population, in\\n1830, 986.\\nWarwiclc, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town is ele-\\nvatedj and contains Mount Grace,\\nfrom which a delightful prospect is\\npresented. The soil is strong, warm,\\nand produces excellent pasturage.\\nThere are no considerable streams\\nin the town, and its manufactures\\nconsist only of leather, scythes and\\npalm-leaf hats. Moose pond, a\\npleasant sheet of water, furnishes\\nan abundance of fine trout, picker-\\nel and perch.\\nWarwick was incorporated in\\n1763. Population, 1837, 1,111. It\\nis 78 miles W. N W. from Boston,\\nand 1-1 E. by N. from Greenfield.\\nWartviclc, R. I.\\nKent CO. This important town,\\nthe Indian Shawomet, is situated\\n\u00c2\u00a9n t lie W. side of Narraganset bay,\\n5 niiles S. from Providence. Pop-\\nulation, 1820, 3,443 1830, 5,529.\\nIt contains an area of 54 square\\nmiles. The surface of the town,\\nalong the bay, is generally level,\\nbut the westerly part is hilly, so\\nmuch so that from some of the el-\\nevations, a large part of the state\\nmay be seen in a clear day. The\\nprevailing soil is a gravelly loam,\\nstrong, and productive of grain,\\ngrass, fruits and vegetables. The\\ntown is well supplied with a great\\nvariety of fish, and forests of wal-\\nnut, oak and chesnut.\\nPawtuxet river washes the north-\\nern part of the town, and meets\\nthe waters of the Narraganset at\\nthis place, separating Warwick from\\nCranston. An arm of the bay ex-\\ntends westward, giving to Warwick\\nand East Greenwich a number of\\nexcellent harbors. Vessels of 50\\ntons burthen pass to the flourishing\\nvillage of Apponaug, between 4\\nand 5 miles from the bay. This vil-\\nlage is pleasantly located; 10 miles\\nS. from Providence, and is the site\\nof considerable enterprize in ship\\nbuilding, the fishery, and the coast-\\ning trade.\\nPaivtuxet village is at the mouth\\nof Pawtuxet river, a port of entry,\\nand lays partly in Warwick, and\\npartly in Cranston. This beautiful\\nvillage, 5 miles S. from Providence,\\nis celebrated for its great hydraul-\\nic power on navigable waters. War-\\nwick is eminently distinguished as\\na manufacturing town but all we\\ncan at present state is, that but ve-\\nry few villages in our country can\\nboast of a more valuable manufac-\\nturing interest, particularly in cot-\\nton goods. As early as 1822, there\\nv/ere 15 cotton and 2 woolen mills\\nin Warwick.\\nWarwick is the birth place of two\\ndistinguished patriots and warriors.\\nCol. Christopher Green was\\nborn in 1737. He was in the ill-\\nfated attack upon Quebec, in which\\nthe brave Montgomery fell. He\\nwas afterwards selected by Wash-\\nington to take charge of Fort Mer-\\ncer, or Red Bank, N. J. For his\\ngallant defence of tliat Fort against\\na superior force, in 1777, he ac-\\nquired the reputation of a brave,\\njudicious and faithful officer. He\\nwas assassinated in the most bru\\ntal manner, in 1781, by a part)*-\\nof American royalists, while sta-\\ntioned on the border of Croton river.\\nNew York.\\nMajor General Nathaniel\\nGreen was born in 1741. He died\\nin Georgia, in 1786. General Green\\nearly received the particular favor\\nof Washington. This favor was\\ncontinued throughout the war, and\\nwas strengthened by his ardent\\npatriotism, undaunted courage, pru-", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0460.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ndence, and superior military know-\\nledge.\\nWithin a mile from the village\\nof Apponaug may be seen a huge\\nrock, so completely balanced upon\\nanother, and its equilibrium so ex-\\nact, that a boy 14 years of age may\\nset it in such motion that the contact\\nor collision caused thereby, produ-\\nces a sound somewhat like that of\\na drum, but more sonorous, which\\nin a still evening may be heard a\\ndistance of 6 or 8 miles. Hence,\\nfrom time immemorial, it has gone\\nby the name of the Drum Rock.\\nFrom the ponderous weight of that\\npart which is thus nicely balanced,\\nit is generally believed that no oth-\\ner than the hand of nature ever\\ncould have done it. Yet some are\\ninclined to believe, that it was thus\\nplaced by the herculean labor of\\nsome tribe of the nath^es. There\\nremains no doubt, but that this was\\na place of their resort or encamp-\\nment and that the Drum Rock\\nserved them either to give an alarm\\nin case of danger, or to call the tribe\\ntogether from their daily avocations.\\nThis rock is considered as a great\\ncuriosity, excites much attention,\\nan l consequently is at the present\\nday a place of much resort, par-\\nticularly in the pleasant season of\\nthe year.\\nWashington County, Me.\\nMacliias is the shire town. This\\ncounty is of a singular form. It\\nextends from the Atlantic ocean to\\nthe border of Lower Canada, a dis-\\ntance of more than 3 1-2 degrees\\nof latitude. Its interior part, for\\nmore than 175 miles, is but 14 miles\\nin breadth that part near the sea\\nis about 50 miles in width. This\\nterritory is bounded N. by Lower\\nCanada, E. by New Brunswick, S.\\nbj the ocean, and W. by the coun-\\nties of Hancock and Penobscot. It\\ncontains an area of about 4,150\\nsquare miles. About a third part\\nof this county may be said to be\\nsettled the residue is a densely\\nwooded wilderness. The charac-\\nter of the surface and soil of this\\ncounty, is much the same as that\\nof the adjacent counties of Han-\\ncock and Penobscot. In common\\nwith all the Atlantic counties in\\nMaine, Washington county possess-\\nes its numerous bays, inlets, capa-\\ncious harbors, and pleasant islands,\\nso admirably adapted to foreign and\\ndomestic commerce, the fisheries\\nand ship building.\\nThe St. Croix is its most impor-\\ntant river. The banks of this no-\\nble stream are rapidly settling, by\\nYankees on one side and English-\\nmen on the other; and long may it\\nbe a channel, not only of individu-\\nal and national wealth, but of good\\nnature and good humor, between\\npeople, who, though undor different\\ngovernments, hav,e the same lan-\\nguage, a similar religion, a kindred\\nblood.\\nThe tonnage of the two districts\\nin this county, Machias and Passa-\\nmaquoddy, in 1837, was 19,072 tons.\\nIn 1837, the number of sheep in\\nthe count}- was 19,008 the same\\nyear it produced 27,014 bushels of\\nwheat. The population of the coun-\\nty in 1820, was 12,744 in 1830,\\n21,294; and in 1837, 28,495: in-\\ncrease in 7 years, 34 pr. ct., and in 17\\nyears, 123 pr, ct. Pop. to sq. m.,7.\\nWasliington, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town contains\\nseveral ponds, and some branches\\nof the Damariscotta and Mus-\\ncongus rise here. It lies 35 miles\\nE. from Augusta, and 25 N. N. E.\\nfrom Wiscasset. Population 1837,\\n1,378. Wheat crop, same year,\\n2,269 bushels. Incorporated, 1811.\\nIt was formerly caHed Putnam.\\nAVasKington, N. H.,\\nSullivan co., lies, 22 miles N.\\nN. E. from Keene, 20 E. by S. from\\nCharlestown, and 35 W. from Con-\\ncord. This town is hilly, but not\\nmountainous. Lovewell s moun-\\ntain, so called from Capt. Love-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0461.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwell s killing 7 Indians near it, is\\not a conical shape, about 3-4 of a\\nmile in diameter, and may be seen\\nat a considerable distance. Wash-\\nington abounds with springs, rivu-\\nlets, and natural ponds, of the last\\nof which, there are no less than 16,\\nand some of them of considerable\\nmagnitude. Island pond, so called\\nfrom its being full of islands, is 2\\nmiles long, and 1 1-2 wide. Half\\nmoon pond is 1 1-2 miles in length.\\nAshuelot pond is 1 1-2 miles long,\\nand 1 mile wide, and is the source\\nof one of the principal branches of\\nAshuelot river. Brockway s pond,\\na beautiful sheet of water, lying on\\na white sand, is 1 mile long and 1-2\\na mile wide. Long pond, lying in\\nthis town and Stoddard, is 5 miles in\\nlength. These ponds abound with\\na variety of fish. A branch of\\nContoocook river has its source from\\nseveral small ponds in the E. part\\nof the town. The soil is generally\\ndeep and moist, better for grass than\\ntillage. Washington was settled\\nin 176S. It was first called Monad-\\nnock, JVo. 8. From its settlement,\\nit was called Camden, till Decem-\\nber 13, 1776, when it was incorpo-\\nrated by its present name. The\\nfirst settlers had 150 acres of land\\neach for settling. Population, in\\n1330, 1,135.\\nWasliiugton County, Vt.\\nMoNTPELiER is the chief town.\\nThis county is nearly in the centre\\nof the state, and the principal part\\nof it lies between the two ranges\\nof the Green Mountains. It is\\nbounded N. by Lamoille and parts\\nof Chittenden and Caledonia coun-\\nties, E. by Caledonia county, S. by\\nOrange and Addison, and W. by\\nAddison, and Chittenden, counties.\\nIt was incorporated in 1810, by the\\nname of Jefferson, and took its pres-\\nent name in 1814. The county is\\nfinely wd^ered by its chief river,\\nthe Winooski, or Onion, and many\\nof its important branches. These\\nstreams afford the county an abun-\\ndant water power, and manufac-\\nturing establishments increase and\\nflourish in this mountainous region.\\nThe surface of the county is\\nuneven, hilly, and in some parts\\nmountainous, but there is much\\nvaluable land along the streams,\\nwhich in man} parts are sluggish,\\nand form large tracts of excellent\\nintervale. The agricultural pro-\\nductions consist of neat cattle, hors-\\nes, hogs, wool, and of the produc-\\ntions of the dairy. In 1837, there\\nwere 60,025 sheep in Washington\\ncounty. There are large bodies of\\nbeautiful granite, in the county,\\nand slate of various kinds. Popu-\\nlation, 1820, 14,113; 1830, 21,378.\\nSince 1830, there have been some\\nsmall changes in Washington coun-\\nty, in regard to territory. We will\\nthank any of our Green Mountain\\nfriends to give us all the necessary\\ninformation respecting it, for future\\neditions. The rail roiid from Bos-\\nton to Ogdensburgh will probably\\npass through this county, but we\\nbeg them not to wait for that event.\\nWasliington, Vt.\\nOrange co. Branches of Onion,\\nWait s and White rivers rise in this\\ntown, but afford no considerable\\nwater power. The two former are\\ncalled Jail Branches, from the cir-\\ncumstance that the proprietors were\\nrequired by their charter, of 1781,\\nto erect a jail within the limits of\\nthe town, at an early period. There\\nis some excellent land along the\\nstreams, and the uplands are gener-\\nally arable, and afford good pastu-\\nrage. There is a neat village in\\nthe town, some trade and manufac-\\ntures, and between 3,000 and 4,000\\nsheep are annually sheared. Wash-\\nington is 15 miles S. by E. from\\nMontpelier, and is bounded S. by\\nChelsea. Population, 1830, 1,374.\\nWasliington, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This mountainous\\ntown is watered by branches of\\nWestfield and Housatonick river*^^", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0462.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe soil is well adapted for grazing.\\nIn 1837, 5,209 sheep were shear-\\ned in the town, producing 15,627\\npounds of wool, principally merino.\\nThere is found in this town a po-\\nrous quartz, which is used as buhr\\nstones, for mill stones and is re-\\nmarkable for resisting heat. Wash-\\nington was incorporated in 1777. It\\nis 122 miles W. from Boston, and 8\\nE. from Lenox. Population, 1837,\\n758.\\nWashington County, R. I.\\nSouth Kingcton is the shire town.\\nThis is a maritime county situated\\nin the southwestern section of the\\nstate bounded on the north by\\nKent county, on the east by Nar-\\nraganset bay, on the south by the\\nAtlantic ocean, and on the west by\\nthe state of Connecticut. The av-\\nerage length of the county, from\\neast to west, is about 20 miles, and\\nit has a mean breadth of more than\\n18 miles, comprising about 367\\nsquare miles. The geological char-\\nacter of this county is primitive\\nthe rocks consist of granite and oth-\\nej original forniations. The sur-\\nface is generally diversified with\\nmoderate hills and narrow dales;\\nthere are, however, some consider-\\nable eminences in the northwest\\nsection of the county, and some\\nflats of considerable extent in the\\nsouth section, bordering upon the\\nAtlantic. The prevailing soil is a\\nprimitive gravelly loam, strong and\\nfertile there are some considera-\\nble tracts of sandy loam, and some\\nof alluvial. A considerable section\\nof this county was formerly called\\nthe Narraganset country, and was\\ncelebrated for an excellent breed\\nof pacing horses the other section\\nwas called the Shannock country,\\nand was equally distinguished for\\na valuable breed of neat cattle.\\nThis county still maintains a high\\nreputation as a grazing district, and\\naflbrds many extensive and valua-\\nble dairies. But the agricultural\\ninterests are not confined exclu-\\n38\\nsively to the objects of the grazing\\nbusiness in some sections of the\\ncounty considerable attention is paid\\nto the cultivation of grain, particu-\\nlarly Indian corn and barley some\\nrye also is raised. The inhabitants\\nare distinguished for their habits of\\nindustry and frugality, and in gen-\\neral enjoy their necessary results,\\nhealth and competence.\\nThe waters of the county are ex-\\ntensive and important, possessing a\\nmaritime border upon the Atlantic\\nocean and the Narraganset bay, of\\nmore than 50 miles extent. There\\nare, however, but 2 or 3 harbors\\nthe principal of which is Wickford,\\nin the northeastern section of the\\ncounty the next most important is\\nthe Pawcatuck. The principal in-\\nterior waters of the county are em-\\nbodied in the Pawcatuck river,\\nwhich forms part of the western\\nboundary of the state. The prin-\\ncipal branches of the Pawcatuck\\nare the Wood and Charles rivers;\\nwhich, with their tributary streams,\\nwater a large portion of the west-\\nern section of the county, and af-\\nford numerous sites for mills, and\\nother hydraulic works.\\nThere are, in the county, several\\nsalt and freshwater ponds, which\\nare well supplied with fish.\\nThe fisheries of the county are\\nextensive and valuable, affording\\nemployment to considerable indus-\\ntry, which is usually well reward-\\ned. The fish taken, not only sup-\\nply the home consumption, but con-\\nstitute an article of exportation.\\nAlthough the commercial busi-\\nness carried on within the county\\nis not very considerable, yet its\\nmaritime situation has had its nat-\\nural influence upon the habits of\\nthe people a considerable portion\\nof whom are employed in seafaring\\nbusiness.\\nThe manufacturing interests of\\nthe county are considerable, and\\nconsist principally of the woolen\\nand cotton manufactures, and the\\nbusiness of ship building. Besic ^s", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0463.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthese, there is considerable me-\\nchanical industry in the other de-\\npartments of mechanical business.\\nIn 1S37, there were 81,619 sheep\\nin the county. Population, in 1800,\\n16,135; 1810, 14,983; in 1820,\\n15,687; 1830, 15,411. Population\\nto a square mile, 42. From this\\nstatement of the population, it ap-\\npears that this county must have\\nsuffered greatly by emigration.\\nWasliingtoii, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. Judea, the first\\nsociety in this town, was a part of\\nWoodbury until 1741. It was first\\nsettled in 1734. It was incoi-pora-\\nted as a town in 1779.\\nThis town is 40 miles S. W. from\\nHartford, and 10 S. W. from Litcli-\\nfield. Population, 1830, 9S6.\\nA large part of this town is el-\\nevated and mountainous. Lime-\\nstone abounds in many of the val-\\nleys. Several quaj-ries of marble\\nhave been worked, from which con-\\nsiderable quantities have been rais-\\ned. Iron ore has been found in va-\\nrious places. Ochre, fuller s earth,\\nand white clay, have also been\\nfound. The town is watered by\\nthe Shepaug river, a branch of the\\nHousatonick, wh.ich passes tlirough\\nthe whole length of the town, di-\\nviding it into two nearly equal parts.\\nThe town is divided into two so-\\ncieties, Judea and New Preston.\\nThere is in Judea, or ^V ashington\\nas it is called, about two miles S.\\nW. of the centre of the towa, a\\nplace called Steep Rock. From\\nthe top of this eminence, which is\\neasy of access, the beholder has\\none of the most interesting and\\nbeautiful prospects in the state.\\nThe scene presents an area in the\\nform of an amphitheatre, the sides\\nof which are covered with a dense\\nforest. The Shepaug river is seen\\nflowing in a beautiful circle at the\\nbase of the bluff. Within the cir-\\ncle of the river, there are several\\ncultivated fields, affording a beauti-\\nful landscape to the beholder.\\nThis town has been the theatre\\nof one of the most atrocious mur-\\nders ever committed in New Eng-\\nland. The murderer was a man or\\nrather fiend, by the name of Barnett\\nDavenport. From his own confes-\\nsion, it appears that his parentage\\nand early education were exactly\\nfitted to produce his wicked life and\\nhis tragical end. Untutored and\\nunrestrained by parental govern-\\nment, he was left to grow up at\\nrandom. In the morning of life,\\nno morality was inculcated upon\\nhim, and no sense of religion, either\\nby precept or example. On the\\ncontrary, he was, from early years,\\nunprincipled, profane, and impious.\\nBefoi-e he was 9 years old, he was\\nexpert in cursing and swearing, and\\nan adept in mischief. At 11 years\\nhe began to pilfer. At 13 he stole\\nmoney. At 15 he entertained\\ntlioughts of murder, and rapidly\\nwaxed harder and bolder in wick-\\nedness. At 19, he actually mur-\\ndered a family in cold blood. As a\\nfriendless wandering stranger, he\\nwas taken into the house of Mr.\\nCaleb Mallory, and treated with\\nthe utmost kindness, in December,\\n1779. Scarcely two months had\\nelapsed, before the murder was de-\\ntermined on. The night of Febru-\\nary 3d, 1780, was fixed on to exe-\\ncute the horrid purpose. With a\\nheart hard as adamant, he lighted a\\ncandle, went into the lodging room\\nof his benefactors, and beat them to\\ndeath with a club. A little grand\\nchild being with its gi-and parents\\nshared the same fate, and two others\\nwere left in a sound sleep to perish\\nin the flames. Having kindled a\\nfire in three of the rooms, he fled,\\nafter robbing the house of its most\\nvaluable articles. But from an ac-\\ncusing conscience, and from the\\nhand of justice, which followed\\nhard upon his steps, he was unable\\nto flee. He was taken, and execu-\\nted at Litchfield in the May ensu-\\ning-.", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0464.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nW aterljorougli, Me.\\nYork CO. This town is watered\\nby a large and pleasant pond, which\\nempties into Little Ossipee river,\\na branch of the Saco, and by the\\nhead branches of the Mousum, a\\nstream which meets the ocean at\\nKennebunk. This is a flourishing\\ntown, with a pleasant surface and\\ngood soil. It lies 81 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, 24 W. from Portland,\\nand is bounded S. by Alfred. Incor-\\nporated, 17S7. Population, 1830,\\n1,816; 1837, 1,953.\\nWaterbiiry, Vt.\\nWashington co. The surface of\\nWaterbury is generally level, with\\nsome pleasant swells. The soil is\\nwarm and fertile the meadow lands\\non the livers, of which there are\\nlarge tracts, are not excelled, in\\nrichness, by any in the state.\\nThis town is separated from\\nDuxbury by Onion river, which,\\nwith Waterbury river and other\\nstreams, afford the town a good\\nwater power. It was first settled\\nin 1784. Population, 1830, 1,650.\\nIt lies 12 miles N. W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 24 E. S. E. from Bur-\\nlington.\\nIn the southwest corner of the\\ntownship, the passage of Onion riv-\\ner through a considerable hill, is\\nconsidered a curiosity. The stream\\nhas here worn a channel through\\nthe rocks, which in times past, un-\\ndoubtedly, formed a cataract below\\nof no ordinary height, and a consid-\\nerable lake above. The chasm is\\nat present about one hundred feet\\nwide, and nearly as deep. On one\\nside the rocks are nearly perpendic-\\nular, some of which have fallen\\nacross the bed of the stream, in such\\na manner as to form a bridge, pas-\\nsable, however, only at low water.\\nOn the same side the rocks which\\nappear to have been loosened and\\nmoved by the undermining of the\\nwater, have again rested, and be-\\ncome fixed in such a posture as to\\nform several caverns or caves, some\\nof which have the appearance of\\nrooms fitted for the convenience of\\nman. Several musket balls and\\nflints were found in the extreme\\npart of this cavern, a few years\\nsince, with the appearance of hav-\\ning lain there many years, which\\nmakes it evident that it was known\\nto the early hunters.\\nWaterbury River, rises in Mor-\\nristown, and runs south through\\nthe western part of Stow and Wa-\\nterbury into Onion river. In Stow,\\nit receives one considerable tribu-\\ntary from the east which rises in\\nWorcester, and two from the west\\nwhich rise in Mansfield. It also\\nreceives several tributaries from\\nthe west, in Waterbury, which\\noriginate in Bolton. The whole\\nlength of the stream is about 16\\nmiles, and it affords a number of\\ngood mill privileges.\\nWaterbury, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. The Indian\\nMattatuck, a territory comprising\\nthis and some of the neighboring\\ntowns, being IS miles in length and\\n10 miles in width, was sold by the\\nred men to the whites,, in the year\\n1684, for divers good causes and\\nthirty-nine pounds. This piece\\nof ground was supposed by the\\nwhite men, to afford sufficient room\\nand accommodations for thirty fam-\\nilies. The territory now contains\\n8,000 people and if its population\\nwas as dense as that of England, in\\n1831, it would contain no less than\\n20,r)I0, or of Belgium, 35,370 souls.\\nThere are some good lands on\\nthe borders of the streams, within\\nthe present limits of Waterbury\\nbut the surface of the town is gen-\\nerally rough, and the soil difficult\\nof cultivation.\\nThis town lies 28 miles S. W.\\nfrom Hartford, and 20 N. by W.\\nfrom New Haven. Population,\\n1830, 3,070.\\nThe site upon which the bor-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0465.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nough of Waterbnry stands, is situa-\\nted in a valley which is washed by\\nMad river on the east, and the Nau-\\ngatuck on the west and in its cen-\\ntral partis about a mile in breadth.\\nThe main street runs east and west\\nbut since the increase of the manu-\\nfacturing establishments within the\\nlast twelve years, a large share of\\nthe new buildings have been erect-\\ned in their vicinity, which is in the\\nsoutheast part of the village. On\\neither side of the village, hills\\ngradually rise to a considerable\\nelevation, presenting to the eye\\nthe galleries of an amphithea-\\ntre, the village forming the area.\\nThe number of houses is about one\\nhundred and fifty, and the popula-\\ntion fifteen hundred which it is\\ncalculated has doubled itself dur-\\ning the last twelve years; most of\\nthe factories having been established\\nwithin that time. Some of the\\nprivate dwellings may be called\\nsplendid, and a majority of them\\nneat, convenient, with handsome\\ncourt yards in front.\\nOf the articles manufactured\\nin the village, those of gilt buttons\\nand the rolling of brass and copper\\nmetals for a great variety of uses,\\nconstitute the greatest business.\\nThere are three factories of this\\nkind upon an extensive scale, two\\nin the village, and one about two\\nmiles north, connected with which\\nis a gold refinery. There are like-\\nwise two factories of gilt buttons\\nupon a considerable scale, uncon-\\nnected with rolling mills. One\\nextensive rolling mill connected\\nwith the brass wire and tubing\\nmanufacture, two satinet factories,\\none woolen factory, besides a great\\nnumber of minor establishments, in\\nwhich buttons of various kinds and\\nother articles are manufactured to a\\nconsiderable extent. The number\\nof persons in the village, of both\\nsexes, who are employed in the\\nmanufacturing establishments, is\\nbetween six and seven hundred.\\nIt is not precisely known what\\namount is manufactured yearly,\\nbut it has been estimated by good\\njudges to exceed a million of dollars,\\nand is upon the increase. The\\nroute has been surveyed by a prac-\\ntical engineer, for constructing a\\ncanal to bring the Naugatuck on to\\nthe bank at the west end of the\\ntown, which will, when completed,\\nafford n supply of water power, ca-\\npable of employing as much or\\nmore capital than has been already\\ninvested.\\nSamuel Hopkijvs, D. D., the\\nfounder of a religious sect, denom-\\ninated Hopkinsians was born in\\nthis town, in 1721. He died at\\nNewport, R. I., in 1803. See JReli-\\ngious Greeds, and Statistics.\\nDr. Lemuel Hopkins, a poet,\\nand an eminent physician, was born\\nin Waterbury, in 1750. He died\\nat Hartford, in 1801.\\nWaterford, Me.\\nOxford CO. This town is water-\\ned by a number of beautiful ponds,\\nand Crooked river passes through\\nits northeast border. The surface\\nis generally level and the soil good.\\nIt produced in 1837, 5,545 bushels\\nof wheat.\\nWaterford was incorporated in\\n1797. It lies 57 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Augusta, and 10 W. by S.\\nfrom Paris. Population, in 1837,\\n1,297.\\n1\\\\ aterford, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. This town wag\\nchartered in 1780, by the name of\\nLittleton, which name it retained\\nuntil 1797. It was first settled in\\n1787. It lies on the west side of\\nConnecticut river, 32 miles E. N.\\nE. from Montpelier, and 12 E. S. E.\\nfrom Danville. Population, 1830,\\n1,358. The west part of the town\\nis watered by the Passumpsic, and\\nthe north border by Moose river.\\nHere is a water power, and some\\nmanufactures, A part of the town\\nborders on Fifteen Mile Falls, in\\nConnecticut river. The banks of", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0466.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthat river are steep at this place,\\nand form but little intervale. The\\nuplands are rough and stony, but\\ngood for sheep, of which 3,500 are\\nkept.\\nWaterford, Ct.\\nNew London co. This town\\nwas taken from New London in\\n1801. It is washed on the east side\\nby the river Thames and on the\\nsouth by Long Island Sound, from\\nwhich a bay or inlet extends, be-\\ntween IMillslone and Black Points,\\nquite into the centre of the town,\\naffording a harbor for small vessels.\\nThis is a resort for fishermen on the\\nSound, and many species of the\\nfinny tribe are taken captive.\\nThere are a number of ponds in\\nthe town, three considerable mill\\nstreams, and two woolen factories.\\nThe surface of the town is rocky and\\nuneven, with a gravelly loam, pro-\\nductive of corn, vegetables, fruits,\\nand feed for cattle. In 1837, it con-\\ntained 2,532 sheep.\\nWaterford lies 37 miles S. E. from\\nHartford, and 4 V/. from New Lon-\\ndon. Population, 1830, 2,463.\\nAVaterqiieeclxy Kiver, Vt.\\nSee Qucechy River.\\nWa,tertowi\\\\, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. Charles river\\ngives this town a v^aluable water\\npower, which is well improved.\\nThe river is navigable to the centre\\nof the town for vessels of 6 or 7\\nfeet draught of water.\\nThe surface of the town is diver-\\nsified by hills and valleys, which is\\nrendered very beautiful by a high\\nstate of cultivation, and by the nu-\\nmerous villas, neat farm houses,\\ncottages, and delightful gardens\\nAvhich meet the eye in every direc-\\ntion. A part of the beautiful sheet\\nof water, called Fresh Pond,\\nand apart of the celebrated Mount\\nAuburn Cemetery lie in this town.\\nOn the north bank of the river,\\na short distance below the princi-\\n38*\\npal village, the United States Arse-\\nnal, containing a large amount of\\nmunitions of war, occupies a site\\nof 40 acres of ground. At the\\ncommencement of the revolution-\\nary war, this place was the chosen\\nseat of the continental congress.\\nThat body of patriots was in session\\nat Watertown on the day of the\\nbattle of Bunker Hill.\\nThere are two paper mills in the\\ntown, a cotton mill, print works, an\\nestablishment for finishing woolen\\ngoods, and manufactures of soap,\\ncandles, boots, shoes, boxes, .c.\\nLarge quantities of beef, pork,\\nbacon, c., are annually packed at\\nthis place for the Boston market,\\nand for transportation. In 1837,\\nthree soap and candle manufactories\\nused 300 tons of tallow, 350 tons of\\nbarilla, 50 tons of palm-oil, 1,750\\nbarrels of rosin, 2,000 casks of\\nlime, and 1,000 bushels of salt.\\nWatertown was first settled in\\n1630, by the sons of Sir Richard\\nSaltonstall and others. It was in-\\ncoiporated the same year. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,641; 1837, 1,739.\\nIt is 7 miles W. from Boston. Its\\nIndian name was Pigsgusset.\\nWaterto^via, Ct.\\nLitchfield CO. This town lies\\n30 miles S. S. W. from Hartford,\\n26 N.by W. from New Haven, and\\n10 S. E. from Litchfield. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 1,500.\\nWatertown was formerly a parish\\nin Waterbury, by the name of West-\\nbury. It Vt as incorporated as a\\ntown in 17S0. It is bounded N. by\\nLitchfield, E. by the Naugatuck\\nriver, separating it from Plymouth,\\nW. by Bethlem and Woodbury, and\\nS. by Middlebury and Waterbury.\\nIt is about 6 1-2 miles in length, and\\n4 in breadth. The township is gen-\\nerally uneven, or rather hilly but\\nsome sections are level. The pre-\\nvailing soil is a dry gravelly loam,\\nand best adapted to grazing, but\\nthe different grains common to this\\n1 part of the country are cultivated", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0467.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSteel s brook, a sprightly stream,\\npasses through the central part of\\nthe town, and for a mile below and\\nsome distance above the centre of\\nthe town, a chain of rich meadows,\\nthough small in extent, border the\\nsides of this stream.\\nThis is tbe birth place of Johjv\\nTrumbull,, the celebrated author\\nof McFingal. He graduated\\nat Yale College, and studied law\\nwith John Adams, in Boston. The\\nfirst part of his McFingal appeared\\nin 1775. It was completed in 17S2.\\nHe was a judge of the Superior\\nCourt of Connecticut from ISO! to\\n1819. In 1825, he removed to\\nDetroit, where he died, in 1831,\\naged 81 years.\\nThe people of this town make\\nsome boast of the size of their for-\\nest trees. It is said, as an extraor-\\ndinary fact, that one of the first\\nsettlers, having no shelter for the\\nnight, peeled off the bark of one of\\nthe trees he had felled, and la}^\\ndown upon the inside. In the\\nmorning when he awoke, he found\\nthe bark rolled up so closely that it\\nwas with some difficulty he could\\nextricate himself.\\nThis story will do to tell as far\\nwest as Connecticut, but the Down\\nEasters would laugh at it. It\\nwould take Dame Nature more\\nthan a night to screw up the bark\\nof one of their common pines even\\nto the circumference of the New\\nHampshire Giant. The Maine\\nfolks willingly grant to Connecti-\\ncut the tallest poets, but claim to\\ntheir state the biggest trees.\\nV/atevville, Me.\\nKennebec co. This town is situ-\\nated on the west bank of the Ken-\\nnebec river, 13 miles N. from Au-\\ngusta. It was incorporated as a\\npart of Winslow in 1771, and as\\na separate town in 1802. Popu-\\nlation in 1820, 1719; in 1830,\\n2,216; in 1837, 2,905. It contains\\n80 square miles, mostly of the\\nbest quality of farming land of the\\nKennebec region. Seven twelfths\\nof the population is estimated to be\\nagiicultural. The principal village,\\nof about 180 houses, is on the Ken-\\nnebec, at Ticonic Falls. These\\nfalls are 18 feet in height, extending\\nquite across the river. In the town,\\nthere are 17 saws, four grist mills,\\ncarding machines, three plaster\\nmills, two extensive tanneries and\\na machine shop. One iron found ty,\\na branch of the celebrated Fair-\\nbanks establishment in Vermont,\\nsupplies a great portion of the inte-\\nrior of the state with ploughs. The\\npublic structures are 4 meeting\\nhouses, an Academy, and the Lib-\\neral Institute, a Seminary founded\\nby Universalists. This latter edi-\\nfice, though small, is one of the\\nmost beautiful specimens of archi-\\ntecture in the state. Ticonic bridge,\\ncrossing the Kennebec, 550 feet in\\nlength, is a fine specimen of Col.\\nLong s plan of construction.\\nWatervilie College is pleasantly\\nsituated near the village, on the\\nbank of the river. There are 2 ed-\\nifices for rooms, a chapel, and a\\ncommons hall. This Institution\\nwas founded in 1813, as a Theolo-\\ngical school; in 1821 it was con-\\nverted into a College, and has 143\\ngraduates. It was founded by\\nBaptists, but is open to all denomi-\\nnations, and affords facilities for\\nmanual labor. Its Faculty is a\\nPresident, three Professors, and\\ntv/o Tutors.\\nFrom Augusta, the head of sloop\\nnavigation, goods are transported\\nto Waterville in large flat-boats,\\nsome of which carry 40 tons. This\\nrenders the place an important depot\\nof merchandise for an extensive\\ncountry above, and of produce and\\nmanufactures brought down to be\\nshipped for a market: great quanti-\\nties of oats, shingles and other lum-\\nber, leather, potash and potatoes, are\\nthus transported from this place.\\nThe erection of a dam at Augusta,\\nis thought to have improved the\\nnavigation, and afifords facilities for", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0468.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmaking Waterville the centre of\\ntrade for the country above. A\\nsteam boat now runs between this\\nplace and the lower towns.\\nThe village of West Waterville\\nis on Emerson stream, atributary of\\nthe Kennebec. Here is a remark-\\nble cascade, the highest known in\\nthe state, and is much resorted to for\\nits picturesque scenery. At this\\nvillage are manufactories for cut-\\nting out last blocks, which are ex-\\nported in great quantities to Massa-\\nchusetts, and a scythe factory of\\nhigh reputation, which made 300\\ndozen scythes in the year 183S.\\nThe water power at Waterville\\nand in the vicinity, is singularly\\ngreat. A circle described from the\\nTiconic falls, before named, as a\\ncentre, with a radius of live miles,\\nincludes two falls across the whole\\nKennebec, at Kendall s mills, two\\nmiles above Waterville; two falls, 5\\nmiles distant, on the Sebasticook, a\\nlarge tributary stream and an in-\\ndefinite series of falls upon the\\nEmerson stream, from the cascade\\nto its confluence, besides numerous\\nrapids, v/hich could easily be dam-\\nmed, on all these streams. It is be-\\nlieved that no similar circle of 10\\nmiles diameter in New England,\\ncomprehends \u00c2\u00a30 large and conven-\\nient water power. But a very small\\npart of this power is yet occupied,\\nand situated as Waterville is, in the\\ncentre of these manufacturing fa-\\ncilities, enjoying convenient boat\\nnavigation to the sea ports, with an\\nextensive region of the best agri-\\ncultural advantages in the rear, it\\npromises to become a thrifty and\\npopulous town.\\nWaterville, X. H.\\nGrafton co. This town compris-\\nes the territory called GiJIis and\\nFoss Grant, until its incorporation,\\nin 1S29. It is bounded N. by un-\\ngranted land, E. by Albany, S. by\\nSandv/ich, and W. by Thornton. It\\nwas granted June 29, 1S19, to Jo-\\neiah GHlis, Moses Foss, jr. and oth-\\ners. It is watered b} Mad river,\\nwhich rises among the mountainous\\ntracts on the N. runs S. W. about\\n20 miles, and falls into Pemigewas-\\nset river in Campton. Swift river\\nhas its source in this town, pursues\\nan E. course through Albany, into\\nConway, wliere it unites with Saco\\nriver. There are 2 ponds, and sev-\\neral considerable elevations. Mo-\\nses Foss, jr. commenced the settle-\\nment some years since. It has 96\\ninhabitants.\\nWaterville, Vt.\\nLamoille co. This town is envi-\\nroned by mountains, and is itself\\nmountainous. It is watered by a\\nbranch of Lamoille river, and is\\nbounded E. by Belvidere, W. by\\nFletcher. It lies about 25 miles S.\\nE. from St. Albans. Population,\\n1830, 4S8.\\nWayland, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The name of this\\ntown was East Sudbury, from 17S0\\nto 1835. It lies on the east side of\\nSudbury river, and is bounded east\\nby Weston. The surface of the\\ntown is pleasant the soil is gener-\\nally good, and contains some well\\ncultivated farms. There are 4 for-\\nges in this town, and manufactures\\nof chairs and cabinet ware but the\\nprincipal manufacture is that of\\nboots and shoes the annual value\\nof which is about $25,000. Way-\\nland is 16 miles W. from Boston,\\nand 7 S. from Concord. Population,\\n1837, 931.\\nWayne, Me.\\nKennebec co. Wayne lies N.\\nof Leeds, and is situated a little be-\\nlow the centre of a chain of beau-\\ntiful lakes or ponds, Avho^e outlet,\\nwhich passes through the town,\\nfalls into the Androscoggin. The\\ncentre of the town is about 4 miles\\neast of the Androscoggin, and 16\\nW. from Augusta. The surface of\\nthe town is undulating, and the soil\\nfertile. It was incorporated in 1798.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0469.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPopulation, in 1837, 1 ,170. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 3,268 bushels.\\nWeare, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. The only riv-\\ner in Weare, is the N. W. branch\\nof Piscataquog, which enters the\\nwest boundary from Deering, and\\nmeanders through the N. and E,\\nsections of the town, and passes\\nthe S. line about half a mile from\\nthe S. E. corner. This river affords\\nthe best mill seats in the town.\\nThere are three small ponds in this\\ntown. Rattlesnake hill, nearly in\\nthe centre of the N. line of the\\ntown, abounds with shelving rocks,\\nabrupt precipices, forming dens and\\ncaves. Dui ing the summer season,\\nthe reptile from which the hill\\ntakes its name, is frequently found.\\nThe town, though rather broken, is\\nnot mountainous. It has small\\nswamps, and some good meadows.\\nIt is now settled and cultivated to\\nits extreme limits by industrious\\nand wealthy husbandmen. It was\\nincorporated in 1764, and receiv-\\ned its name in honor of Meshech\\nWeare, chief justice of the prov-\\nince of N. H.\\nVV^eare is 15 miles S. W. from\\nConcord, and 17 N. N. W. from\\nAmherst. Population, 1S30, 2,430.\\nWeatliersfielcl, Vt.\\nWindsor co. [Those who Avish\\nto find the course and distance to\\nthe onion fields in Connecticut, or\\nto their f^\\\\ir cultivators, will please\\nsee Wethersfield, Ct.]\\nWeathersfield was first settled\\nabout the year 1778. It is bounded\\nS. by Springfield, N. by Windsor,\\nand is 61 miles S. by E. from Mont-\\npelier. Population, in 1830, 2,213.\\nThis town lies on the west side of\\nConnecticut river, at the Bow,\\nso called from a bend in the river.\\nIt contains large tracts of rich\\nmeadow land, and the uplands are\\nof a good quality.\\nWilliam Jarvis, Esq., for many\\nyears a resident here, owns a large I\\nand superior farm, and has greatly\\nbenefited this section of country by\\nthe introduction of new modes\\nof agriculture, and more valuable\\nbreeds of stock. The agricultural\\nproducts of Weathersfield are very\\nvaluable about 15,000 fleeces of\\nfine wool are annually sheared.\\nThis town is large, and contains\\na number of pleasant villages. It\\nis watered by several ponds, and by\\nBlack river, which gives it a water\\npower, and which is applied to\\nmanufacturing operations to some\\nextent. In common with all the\\ntowns on Connecticut river, Weath-\\nersfield has its share of delightful\\nscenery and there is no better\\nplace to find it, in all its richness,\\nthan on the Ascutney, at the north\\npart of the town.\\nWebster, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\nincoiporated in 1832, and named\\nin conipliment to Hon. Daniel\\nWebster, including a part of\\nDudley and Oxford, and a tract of\\nland previously unincoi-porated. It\\nis bounded N. by Oxford, E. by\\nDouglas, S. by Thompson, in\\nConnecticut, and W. by Dudley.\\nIt is 46 miles W. S. W. from Bos-\\nton, 16 S. from Worcester, 45 E.\\nby S. from Springfield, and 28 N.\\nW. from Providence, R. I. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 1,210.\\nThere are in operation in this\\ntown two woolen and four large\\ncotton mills, a cotton thread mill,\\n1 machine shop, 1 bleachery, a tan-\\nnery, and a manufactory of tin\\nware total value of manufactures,\\nthe year ending April 1, 1837,\\n$312,277.\\nFrench river and a pond give this\\nplace a large and unfailing water\\npower. The original name of this\\npond, as appears from ancient deeds,\\nwas Chabanako7igkomo 171, the same\\nname by which Dudley was known,\\nthough the latter probably borrow-\\ned it from the former. Some re-\\ncords and maps of New England", "height": "3368", "width": "1928", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0470.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhave given the name of Chargog-\\ngagoggmanchoggagogg. The fall\\nat the outlet of this pond is 24 feet,\\nwhich is increased after it empties\\ninto French river to about 90 feet\\nbefore it passes into Connecticut.\\nThis afforded ample water power\\nfor the late Samuel Slater to con-\\ncentrate here a large portion of his\\nmanufacturing capital and it is to\\nthe enterprise of this Father of\\nAmerican manufactures, that this\\nplace is indebted for most of the\\nprosperity which it at present en-\\njoys. It was his favoiite residence,\\nand where his remains now rest.\\nA remnant of the Dudley, or\\nmore properly of the Nipmuck In-\\ndians, reside here. They are about\\n40 in number, though but few of\\nthem are of pure blood. These\\nIndians formerly owned a consider-\\nable tract of reserved land in the\\ncentre of Chabanakongkamon or\\nDudley. This was sold by order of\\nthe legislature, and the proceeds\\nappropriated to their support, and to\\nthe purchase of about 30 acres, on\\nwhich they now reside. This mon-\\ney is now expended, and they are\\ndependent on the bounty of the\\nstate for support.\\nWeld, Me.\\nFranklin co. This town contains\\na large and beautiful pond, the out-\\nlet of which forms a considerable\\nriver, which passing south falls into\\nthe Androscoggin at Mexico.\\nThe surface of the town is remark-\\nably pleasant, and the soil fertile.\\nWheat crop, 1837, 6,039 bushels.\\nWeld lies 53 miles W. N. W.\\nfrom Augusta, and 14 W. from\\nFarmington. Population, in 1830,\\n766 1837, 953.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Wellfleet, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. This township\\nlies on both sides of Cape Cod it is\\nhounded N. by Truro, S. by East-\\nham, and is 33 miles below Barn-\\nstable.\\nThe town is on the west side of\\nthe Cape it is neatly built, and\\nalthough it is surrounded by sand\\nhills, and almost entirely destitute\\nof vegetation, it makes a handsome\\nappearance. Wellfieet bay sets\\ninto the town from the south, and\\nis separated from Cape Cod bay by\\nseveral islands, which form a good\\nharbor, at a place called Deep\\nHole.\\nIn 1837, there were 120 vessels,\\nmeasuring about 6,000 tons, belong-\\ning to this place, employed in the\\ncod and mackerel fisheries, and a\\nnumber engaged in the coasting\\ntrade. The fishermen took 3,100\\nquintals of cod fish, and 17,500 bar-\\nrels of mackerel the value of\\nwhich was $128,500. The quantity\\nof salt used was 29,350 bushels the\\nnumber of hands employed was 496.\\nDuring that year there were 39 es-\\ntablishments for the manufacture\\nof salt in this place the quantity\\nmade was 10,000 bushels.\\nThere are several ponds and\\nstreams in the town, which afford\\nwater power sufficient for a large\\ncotton mill. There are some man-\\nufactures of leather, boots and\\nshoes but the people are princi-\\npally employed in the fishery, coast-\\ning trade and manufacture of salt.\\nWellfleet was incorporated in\\n1723. Population, 1830, 2,044;\\n1837, 2,303.\\nDr. Morse stated in 1797, that\\nsince the memory of people now\\nliving, there have been in this small\\ntown thirty pai of twins, besides\\ntwo births that produced three\\neach.\\nThis is one of the most thriving\\ntowns in the state. One of its for-\\nmer residents. Col. Elisha Doane,\\nis said to have acquired a fortune of\\n120,000 pounds sterling on this sandy\\nspot. The Indian name of the town\\nwas Rinonakannil.\\nWellinglom, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. Wellington is\\nbounded E. by Parkman, S. by Har-\\nmony, and W. by Brighton. It is", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0471.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwatered by one of the head branch-\\nes of Sebasticook river, and lies\\nabout 22 miles N. by E. from Skovv-\\nhegan. A part of the town is ele-\\nvated, but its surface, generally,\\nis undulating, with a productive\\nsoil. Population, 1837, 721. Wheat\\ncrop, same year, 4,290 bushels.\\nWells, Me.\\nYork CO. Wells lies on the sea\\ncoast between York and Kenne-\\nbunk, and is 85 miles S. W. by S.\\nfrom Augusta, and 30 S. W. by S.\\nfrom Portland. The first settlers\\ncame from Exeter, N. H., about\\nthe year 1640. A noted Indian\\nchief, Wawwaw, lived here about\\none hundred years ago, pretending\\nto claim this and some adjoining\\ntowns. There is no evidence of any\\npurchase of Indian title to the soil.\\nThe town charter from Thomas\\nGorges is dated Sept. 27, 1643.\\nThere are a number of small\\nstreams or brooks running through\\nthe town in various directions, on\\nwhich are 1 fulling, 16 saw and 10\\ngrist mills. The principal river\\nnear the middle of the town, and\\nwas called by the Indians Wehhan-\\nnet, but is now generally called the\\nTown river. A sand bar at the\\nentrance renders the navigation\\nsomewhat difficult. Ogunquit riv-\\ner, in the southerly part of the\\ntown, forms a harbor for small\\ncoasting and fishing vessels.\\nThe town contains about 35,000\\nacres, of which one fifth may be\\nconsidered waste land, or unfit for\\ncultivation. It contains large tracts\\nof salt meadow. Wood for fuel is\\nexported to Boston and other places,\\nin considerable quantities. Some\\ntrade is carried on with the West In-\\ndies, and vessels of various size are\\nbuilt from timber in the town. In-\\ncorporated, 1653. Population, 1837,\\n3,042. This town furnished a large\\nnumber of revolutionary officers.\\nWells River, Vt.\\nThis river has its sour i Ket-\\ntle pond, which lies at the north-\\nwest corner of Groton and a part of\\nit in Marshfield. It runs nearly\\nsoutheast about two miles, and falfs\\ninto Long pond in Groton, which is\\nabout two miles long and 100 rods\\nwide. From this pond it continues\\nits southeasterly course half a mile,\\nand falls into another pond, which\\nis about half a mile long and a\\nquarter of a mile wide. It then\\nruns a mile and a half, and meets\\nthe south branch, which rises near\\nthe southwest corner of the town,\\nand runs nearly east to its junction\\nwith the main stream it then runs\\neast southeast about a mile, and\\nreceives the north branch, which\\nhas its source near the southeast\\ncorner of the town. Continuing\\nthe same course, it passes through\\nthe northwest part of Ryegate into\\nNewbury, and running near the line\\nbetween Newbury and Ryegate\\nabout 4 miles, falls into Connecti-\\ncut river about half a mile south\\nof the northeast corner of New-\\nbury. This is generally a rapid\\nstream, furnishing many excellent\\nmill privileges.\\nW^ells, Vt.\\nRutland co. A part of this town-\\nship is level, and a part mountain-\\nous. The soil is generally good,\\nand productive of grain, and of pas-\\nturage for sheep, of which between\\nthree and four thousand are kept.\\nThe principal stream in the town is-\\nsues from W^ells or St. Augustine\\nlake or pond, a beautiful sheet of\\nwater, partly in Poultney, 5 miles\\nin length, and covering 2,000 acres.\\nAt the outlet of this pond is a snug\\nvillage, with some water power\\nmachinery.\\nWells was first settled in 1768.\\nIt lies 65 miles S. S. W. from Mont-\\npelier, and 13 S. W. from Rutland.\\nPopulation, 1830, 880.\\nW^endell, ]V. H.,\\nSullivan co., is bounded N. by\\nSpringfield, E. by Sunapee lake.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0472.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nseparating it from New London\\nand Newbury, S. by Goshen, W.\\nby Newport and Croydon. It is 35\\nmiles N. W. from Concord, and 7\\nE. from Newport. A conside^abie\\npart of lake Sunapee, a noble sheet\\nof water, lies in this town. The\\nsurface of this lake is said to con-\\ntain 4,095 acres, of which 2,720\\nacres are in Wendell. Here is the\\nprincipal source of Sugar river,\\nwhich flows from the lake near its\\ncentre from north to south passes\\nthrough the centre of the town into\\nNewport, from thence into Clare-\\nmont, where it unites with the Con-\\nnecticut. There are three small\\nponds, containing an area of about\\n300 acres. This town was granted\\nby the name of Saville in 176S. It\\nwas settled in 1772, and was incor-\\nporated in 1781, when it received its\\nname from John Wendell, one of\\nthe principal proprietors. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 637.\\nWendell, Mass.\\nFranklin co. The surface of\\nWendell is uneven, and in some\\nparts hilly but the soil is strong\\nand productive. Miller s river\\npasses through the north part of the\\ntown, giving mill privileges, fertil-\\nity and beauty in its course. There\\nis a curious kind of stone found\\nhere, embedded with mica slate\\nand Chalk pond furnishes a sub-\\nstance from which chalk is made by\\nburning it.\\nThe manufactures of this pleas-\\nant town consist of palm-leaf hats,\\nboots, shoes, leather, cabinet ware,\\nchairs. c.\\nWendell was incorporated in\\n17S1, and named in honor of Oliver\\nWendell, Esq., a very worthy man,\\nfor many years president of Union\\nBank, in Boston, the second insti-\\ntution of the kind in Massachusetts.\\nMr. Wendell was a great patron of\\nthis town, and frequently visited it.\\nWendell is bounded north by\\nErving, east by Phillip ^ton, south\\nby Salem, and west by Montague.\\nThe mill privileges on Millers\\nriver in this town are very valua-\\nble many of which remain unim-\\nproved.\\nWendell lies 80 miles W. by N.\\nfrom Boston, and 14 E. from Green-\\nfield. Population, 1S37, 347\\nWciiliaiu, Mass\\nEssex CO. This town is 20 miles\\nN. by E. from Boston, 6 N. from\\nSalem, and 16 S. from Newbury-\\nport. First settled, 1639. Incor-\\nporated, 1643. Population, 1837,\\n698.\\nWenhara or Enoii pond is a beau-\\ntiful sheet of water, about a mile\\nsquare, and affords an abundance\\nof excellent iish. It is much visi-\\nted. The first sermon preached in\\nthis place was on the border of this\\npond, by the celebrated Hugh Pe-\\nters, minister of Salem, about the\\nyear 163G. His text was, At\\nEnon near Salem, because there\\nwas much water there.\\nMr. Peters went to England, as\\nagent for the colony, 1641 en-\\ngaged in the civil wars on the side\\nof the parliament, and was execu-\\nted after the restoration of Charles\\nII.\\nThe surface of the town is pleas-\\nant the soil is generally of a good\\nquality, and well cultivated oy in-\\ndustrious and independent farmers.\\nJohn Duntan, an Englishman who\\ntravelled in this country in 1686,\\nand on his return to England pub-\\nlished a journal of his travels, gives\\nthe following account of Vv enham,\\nand of its minister, Joseph Gerrish,\\nwho was ordained Feb. 13, 1675,\\nand died Jan. 6, 1719.\\nWenham is a delicious para-\\ndise, it abounds with rural pleas-\\nures, and I would choose it above\\nall other towns in America to dwell\\nin the lofty trees on each side of\\nit are a sufficient shelter from the\\nwinds, and the warm sun so kindly\\nripens both the fruits and flowers,\\nas if the spiing, the summer, and\\nthe autumn had agreed together *o", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0473.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthrust the winter out of doors. It\\nwere endless to enter on a detail of\\neach faculty of learning Mr. Ger-\\nrish is master of, and I therefore\\ntake his character in short hand.\\nThe philosopher is acute, ingenious\\nand subtle. The divine, curious,\\northodox and profound. The man\\nof a majestic air, without austerity\\nor sourness; his aspect is masterly\\nand great, yet not imperious or\\nhaughty. Tlie christian is devout\\nwithout moroseness, or starts of ho-\\nly frenzy, and enthusiasm. The\\npreacher is primitive without the\\noccasional colors of whining, or\\ncant, and methodical, witliout in-\\ntricacy or affectation and which\\ncrowns his character, he is a man\\nof public spirit, zealous for the\\nconversion of the Indians, and of\\ngreat hospitality to strangers. He\\ngave us a noble dinner, and enter-\\ntained us with such pleasant fruits,\\nas I must own, Old England is a\\nstranger to.\\n1Veiilocl\u00c2\u00a3, Vt.\\nEssex CO. This mountain town\\ngives rise to a principal branch of\\nNulhegan river. The lands liere\\nare loo elevated for cultivation.\\nWenlock lies .53 miles N. E. from\\nMontpelier. Population, in 1S30,\\n24.\\nWeiitwortli, I^. H.\\nGrafton co. This town is bound-\\ned N. by Warren, E. by Rumney,\\nS. by Dorchester, and W. by Or-\\nford. It is 15 miles N. W. from\\nPlymouth, and 52 N. N. W. from\\nConcord. This town is watered by\\nBaker s river, on which is a fall of\\n13 or 20 feet, affording an excellent\\nprivilege for all kinds of water ma-\\nchinery. The South branch of\\nBaker s river passes through the\\nsoutherly part of this town and joins\\nthe main branch near Rumney line.\\nThere are but few ponds. Baker s,\\nsituated on Orford line, is the most\\nconsiderable the outlet of which\\nis called Pond brook, acd affords\\nwater sufficient for several valuable\\nmill seats. In the east part of the\\ntown, lies part of Carr s mountain,\\ncovered in its natural state with a\\nheavy growth of forest trees. A\\npart of the elevation called Mount\\nCuba lies in the W. part of Went-\\nworth. This mountain contains in-\\nexhaustible quantities of the best\\nlimestone, of which a constant sup-\\nply of good lime is made, and sold\\nat a low price. Iron ore is found\\nin A ^arious parts. The soil is gen-\\nerally good; the lands in the vicin-\\nity of the rivers are of the first\\nquality. Wentworth was granted\\nin 1766. It received its name from\\ngovernor Benning Wentworth.\\nThe first settlement commenced a\\nfew years before the revolutionary\\nwar. Articles of subsistence, po-\\ntatoes and seeds for the propagation\\nof vegetables, were transported\\nthither from the lower part of the\\nstate on pack horses, hand-sleighs\\nand in knapsacks. Population, in\\n1830, 624.\\nWesley, Me.\\nWashington co. We should like\\nto know the particular circumstan-\\nces of Wesley, which doubtless\\nwas named in honor of one of the\\nbest of men that ever lived Johiv\\nWesley. It must be a thriving\\ntown, for its population, for the\\nlast 7 years, has increased from 80\\nto 232. But ver} little information\\ncan be obtained respecting a town,\\nfrom merely its act of incorporation.\\nWestliorougli, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town lies on\\nthe route of the Boston and Worces-\\nter rail road, 32 miles W. from Bos-\\nton, 10 E. from Worcester, and 3 1-2\\nN. W. from Hopkinton Springs.\\nIt was taken from Marlborough in\\n1717. Population, 1830, 1,438; in\\n1837, 1,612.\\nAs several persons were engaged\\nin a field spreading flax, in 1704,\\nthe Indians rushed upon them from\\nthe woods. ^ized 4 boys, and", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0474.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "NEV/ ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nkilled one, named Nahor Rice,\\nabout 5 years of age, who was the\\nfirst white person buried in the\\ntown. The men made their escape\\nto the house. One of the boys was\\nredeemed, the others remained and\\nmixed their posterity with the\\nFrench and Indians. Timothy Rice,\\nthe youngest, 7 years of age, when\\ntaken, became a chief of the Cog-\\nnawaga Indians. He visited West-\\nborough in 1740, and remembered\\nthe house where he had lived, and\\nthe field where he was captured,\\nand some aged people. He had\\nlost the English language, and was\\naccompanied by an interpreter. He\\nw^as sent for and visited Gov. Bel-\\ncher, at Boston, but chose to return\\nto his Indian habits.\\nThe waters of this town consist of\\nsome of the sources of Concord and\\nBlackstone rivers, which furnish a\\ngood water power. There are sev-\\neral handsome ponds in the town,\\nw^ell stocked with fish.\\nThe manufactures consist of\\nboots, shoes, leather, axes, chairs,\\ncabinet and tin wares, ploughs,\\nstraw bonnets, sleighs, and harnes-\\nses total value, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1837, .$169,476, of which\\namount $148,774 was for boots and\\nshoes.\\nThis is a very pleasant town\\nthe surface is diversified by hills\\nand valleys the soil is good, and\\nappears to be cultivated by men\\nwho understand their business. A\\nbrief statement of the products of\\nMr. Samuel Chamberlain s farm of\\nabout 100 acres, in 1833, is here\\ngiven.\\nButter, 3,486, lbs. $767.\\nCheese, 3,836, 221.\\nBeef, 603.\\nPork, 652.\\nVeal, 152.\\nTotal, $2,395.\\nThis is the native place of Eli\\nWhitney. Soon after he gradua-\\nted at Yale College, he went to\\nGeorgia, where he resided many\\n39\\nyears. He died, and was buried in\\nthe city of New Haven. The fol-\\nlowing is inscribed on his monu-\\nment.\\nEli Whitney,\\nthe inventor of the\\nCotton Gin.\\nOf useful Science and Arts,\\nthe efficient patron\\nand improver.\\nBorn December 8th, 1765. Died\\nJan. oth,1825.\\nIn the social relations of life,\\na model of excellence.\\nWhile private\\naffection weeps at his tomb, his\\ncountry honors his\\nmemory.\\nSee A^ew Haven, Ct.\\nWest Boylstou, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This territory\\nwas a part of Boylston until 1808,\\nand was first settled about the\\nyear 1720. It is 42 miles W. from\\nBoston, and S N. from Worcester.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 1,053; 1837,\\n1,330. The surface of the town is\\nvery pleasant; the soil good, and\\nwell cultivated. The Quinepoxet\\nand Stillwater rivers meet the Nash-\\nua in this town. These streams fer-\\ntilize a large portion of the town,\\nand afford a water power to propel\\na number of mills.\\nThere are in the town 7 cotton\\nmills, and manufactures of boots,\\nshoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, cot-\\nton machinery, baskets, boxes, straw\\nbraid, hatchets and school appara-\\ntus annual value about $200,000.\\nThe venerable Robert B. Thomas,\\nauthor of the Farmer s Almanac, is\\na resident of this town. There are\\nsome mineral treasures in West\\nBoylston, and a spring, the waters\\nof which are strongly impregnated\\nwith iron.\\nWest Bridge-^vatei Mass.\\nPlymouth co. This is the sec-\\nond daughter of the venerable\\nBridgewater, who found it difficult\\nto find names for her progeny. This", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0475.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ndaughter was born in 1822, and al-\\nthough not so stout as her sisters, is\\nhealthy, comely and industrious.\\nThe manufactures of West Bridge-\\nwater consist of iron castings, shov-\\nels, forks, hoes, ploughs, boots and\\nshoes: annual value, about $100,-\\n000. West Bridgewater is suppli-\\ned with mill privileges by a branch\\nof Taunton river; and is 25 miles\\nS. from Boston, 19 N. W. from\\nPlymouth and 9 N. N. E. from\\nTaunton. The number of her chil-\\ndren in 1837, was 1,145; increase\\nm 7 years, 103.\\nIn 1820, ancient Bridgewater\\ncontained 5,662 children the whole\\nfamily, in 1837, consisted of 7,865\\nmembers.\\nIVestbroolc, Me.\\nCumberland co. Thi^ flourishing\\nt6wn was taken from Falmouth in\\n1814. It is 52 miles S. S. Vv from\\nAugusta, and is bounded E. by\\nPortland. The Presumpscot river\\npassing through the town from west\\nto east, furnishes it with rich inter-\\nvales, and numerous valuable mill\\nprivileges. The Cumberland and\\nOxford canal also passes through\\nthe town. This town is noted for\\nits working cattle which are said to\\nequal any in the country.\\nThe principal pl;ice of business\\nin Westbrook,is at the pleasant vil-\\nlage of Saccarappa, vi^here are large\\noperations in the manufacture of\\nlumber, and where has recently\\nbeen erected, by citizens of Port-\\nland, a large brick cotton mill, con-\\ntaining 2,900 spindles, and 104\\nlooms, and which is in successful\\noperation.\\nStroudvvater, another village, has\\nsome navigation employed in the\\nfishery and coasting trade, and has\\nbeen celebrated lor the line ships\\nbuilt there. In Westbrook are ex-\\ntensive manufactures of tin ware\\nand combs, which are sent to all\\nparts of the United States.\\nThe scenery along the canal, and\\nabout the falls on the Presumpscut,\\nis very pleasant. Population, 1830,\\n3,238; 1837,3,755\\nWest Cambridge, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This was a par-\\nish of Cambridge, called Meno-\\ntomy, until its incorporation, in\\n1807. A part of the lands are low\\nand swampy, but the general fea-\\ntures of the town are pleasant.\\nSpy, Little, and a part of Fresh\\nponds lie in this town they abound\\nwith fish, and add much to the\\nbeauty of the place. These ponds\\ncover an area of about 200 acres,\\nand furnish large quantities of ice\\nfor transportation. In this town are\\nsome very pleasant villages, nu-\\nmerous country seats, and well cul-\\ntivated farms. Large quantities of\\nmilk are daily taken to the Boston\\nmarket, and this place is a consid-\\nable mart for cattle from the inte-\\nrior country.\\nSucker brook, though a small\\nstream, furnishes a good water pow-\\ner. The descent of this stream is\\nso great, that dams are erected in\\nthe town for appropi-iating its wa-\\nter nine different times. The me-\\nchanical operations of West Cam-\\nbridge consist of dying and printing\\ncalico, pulverizing drugs, medi-\\ncines and dye-stuffs, a turning and\\nsawing mill, and the manufacture\\nof saws, cards, boots, shoes, cabi-\\nnet ware and chairs; total value,\\nthe year endirig April 1, 1837,\\n$312,V 00. West Cambridge is 6\\nmiles N. W. from Boston, and 12 E.\\nby S. from Concord. Population,\\n1830, 1,308.\\n^Vesterly, R. I.\\nWashington co. Westerly is\\nwashed by the Atlantic ocean on\\nthe south, and Pawcatuck river,\\nwhich separates this state fvom\\nConnecticut, on the west. This\\nmaritime town has its principal har-\\nbor at the mouth of the Pawcatuck,\\nin which vessels are built, and in\\nwhich some navigation is employed\\nin the fishery and domestic trade.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0476.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe Pawcatuck affords a great va-\\nriety of scale and shell fish.\\nThe surface of the town is gen-\\nerally uneven in some parts it\\npresents rugged features. Its soil\\nvaries from good to bad, but its av-\\nerage quality is well adapted to the\\nculture of all the varieties of grains,\\ngrasses, fruits and vegetables com-\\nmon to the climate. The business\\nof the dairy is extensive and lucra-\\ntive.\\nThe village of Pawcatuck is ve-\\nry handsome it is finely located 6\\nmiles from the sea, at the head of\\nnavigation on the Pawca ^uck, and\\nat the falls on that stream. This\\nvillage is the site of valuable man-\\nufactures, and of a large interior\\ntrade. It is crossed by the Provi-\\ndence and Stonington rail road, and\\nlies 40 miles S. S. W. from Provi-\\ndence, 5 N. N. E. from Stonington,\\nand 35 W. by S. from Newport.\\nThere are a numl)er of pleas-\\nant ponds in the town, well stored\\nwith fish. Westei-ly was incorpo-\\nrated in 1669. Population, 1830,\\n1,904. Its Indian name was Mis-\\nquamicut.\\nWest Pairlee, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town is water-\\ned by Ompomponoosuc river, and\\nby a part of Fairlee pond. The\\nsurface is rough and mountainous,\\nbut capable of sustaining a consid-\\nerable namber of cattle.\\nWest Fairlee was chartered in\\nconnexion with Fairlee, in 1761;\\ndnd incorporated as a distinct town\\nin 1797. It lies 28 miles S. E.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 12 E. by S.\\nfrom Chelsea. Population, 1830,\\n841.\\nWestfield, Vt.\\nOrleans co. A number of the\\nbranches of Missisque river meet\\nin (his town, and afford a good wa-\\nter power. A part of the sur-\\nface of Westfield is mountainous;\\nthrough which is the pass in the\\nGreen mountains, called Hazen s\\nNotch. Westfield was first settled\\nabout the year 1800. It lies 42\\nmiles N. from Montpelier, and 44\\nN. E. from Burlington. Population,\\n1830, 353.\\nWestfield River, Mass.\\nThis river, often called the Aga-\\nwam, rises in the north part of\\nBerkshire county. It has many\\ntributaries, and is exceedingly wild\\nand romantic in many places. Its\\nmain branch traverses the towns\\nof Plainfield, Cummington, Goshen,\\nWorthington, Chesterfield, Nor-\\nwich, Montgomery, Russell, and\\nWestfield, and meets the Connec-\\nticut at West Springfield, 30 miles\\nN. from Hartford, Ct.\\nWestfield, Mass.\\nHampden co. This is a place\\nof singular beauty, on Westfield\\nriver. It lies in a valley or basin\\nof about 4 miles in diameter, sur-\\nrounded by high hills, and is sup-\\nposed to have been the bed of a\\nlake whose waters burst the Mount\\nTom range of mountains and dis-\\ncharged itself into Connecticut riv-\\ner.\\nThe Hampshire and Hampden\\ncanal passes through this town, and\\npromises great advantages to its\\ntrade and hydraulic power.\\nAbout a third part of the popula-\\ntion of the village is engaged in\\nmaking whips. The annual amount\\nof that article manufactured here is\\nabout $160,000. There are also\\nthree powder mills in the town, and\\nmanufactures of tin ware, ploughs,\\nboots, shoes, leather, cigars, palm-\\nleaf hats, chairs, cabinet and wood-\\nen wares total annual value, about\\n$250,000.\\nThe Westfield academy is in\\nhig;h standing it has considerable\\nfunds, and its annual number of\\nscholars is about 400.\\nWestfield was first settled in 1659.\\nIncorporated in 1669. It lies 99\\nmiles W. S. W. from Boston, 9 W.\\nby N. from Springfield, and 16 S.", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0477.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nby W. from Northampton. Popu-\\nlation, 1837,3,039.\\nWestford, Vt.\\nChittenden co. This township\\nwas settled soon after the revolu-\\ntionary war, by Hezekiah Parme-\\nlee and others. It lies 13 miles N.\\nN. E. from Burlington, and 32 N.\\nW. from Montpelier.\\nWestford is well watered by\\nBrown s river, a branch of the La-\\nmoille. The surface is rough, and\\nthe soil good for grazing. Between\\n3,500 and 4,000 sheep are kept.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,290.\\nWestford, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a good\\nfarming town, on elevated ground,\\n26 miles N. W. from Boston, and 10\\nN.W. from Concord. Incorporated,\\n1729. Population, 1837, 1,451. The\\nsurface and soil of the town are\\nwell adapted to the growth of grain,\\ngrass and fruit, and large quanti-\\nties of hay and vegetables are an-\\nnuall} sent to Boston and Lowell.\\nQuantities of fine granite, common-\\nly called Chelmsford granite, are\\nfound here, quarried and transpor-\\nted. Westford is watered by sev-\\neral beautiful ponds, and by Stoney\\nbrook which rises in the town and\\ngives it mill privileges.\\nThe manufactures of Westford,\\nconsist of bar iron, shoes and leath-\\ner annual value, about ^25,000.\\nThe village is handsomely situa-\\nted on a swell of fine land, com-\\nmanding a beautiful prospect, of\\ngreat extent, and contains an Acad-\\nemy of ancient date and respect-\\nable standing.\\nWest Greenwicli, R. I.\\nKent CO. This town was taken\\nfrom East Greenwich in 1741, by\\nwhich it is bounded on the east. It\\nlies 18 miles S. W. from Provi-\\ndence. Population, 1830, 1,818.\\nThis town possesses a primitive ge-\\nological character, and its surface\\npresents a diversity of hills and\\nvalleys. Hopkin s Hill, affords an\\nagreeable view of the surrounding\\ncountry. The waters of the town\\nconsist of the south branch of the\\nPawtuxet, which rises here and of\\nthe upper branches of Wood river,\\nwhich pass through it. There are\\nsome manufactures in the town,\\nbut the people are generally en-\\ngaged in agricultural pursuits.\\n^Vestliampton, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This township is\\nrough, but the soil is generally good,\\nparticularly for grazing. There\\nis a valuable lead mine in the town\\nabout 1,000 merino sheep are kept,\\nand some hats and leather are man-\\nufactured. It lies 8 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Northampton. Incorporated,\\n1772. Population, 1837, 818.\\nWest Haven, Vt.\\nRutland co. This town was set\\noff from Fair Haven in 1792. It\\nlies 19 miles W. from Rutland, and\\nis bounded W. by lake Champlain,\\nand S. by Whitehall, N. Y.\\nThis town is well watered by\\nHubbardston and Poultney rivers,\\nand Cogman s creek on the for-\\nmer of which are handsome falls\\nand mill sites. The soil is produc-\\ntive of grain and grass there is\\nmuch limestone and clay in the\\ntown, and a large number of sheep\\nare annually sheared.\\nThe site of the village is pleas-\\nant; it is a place of some trade,\\nnavigation and manufactures. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 724.\\nWestminster, Vt.\\nWindham co. This town is\\nbounded N. by Rockingham, E. by\\nConnecticut river, and S. by Put-\\nney. It lies 82 miles S. from Mont-\\npelier, and 13 N. E. from New-\\nfane. Population, 18.30, 1,737.\\nThis town was one of the first\\nsettled townships in the state, and\\nbeing situated near a fort for the\\nprotection of the country, it pros-\\npered rapidly. For some years the", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0478.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncourts of law were held here here\\nthe legislature of the state held\\nseveral sessions, and here the mas-\\nsacre of the 13th of March, 1775,\\nwas perpetrated.\\nThe surface and soil of this town\\nare favorable for agriculture and\\nvarious articles of produce are an-\\nnually sent to market. In 1837,\\n13,766 sheep were sheared in West-\\nminster\\nThe principal and oldest village\\nis delightfully situated in the east\\nparish, on the bank of Connecticut\\nriver. The main street, which is\\nperfectly level, crosses a table of\\nland about one mile in diameter,\\nconsiderably elevated above the\\nriver, and also above the large and\\nfertile meadows by which it is ap-\\nproached on the north and south\\nand the whole is enclosed by a semi-\\ncircle of hills which touch the\\nriver about two miles above and be-\\nlow the town. It is this barrier\\nwhich, while it contributes to the\\nnatural beauty of the place, has,\\nby turning the water coui-se in an-\\nother direction, deprived it of all\\nthose facilities of access, and of\\nwater power, which have so much\\ncontributed to the rapid growth of\\nsome of the neighboring villages.\\nIVestmiiister, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town lies on\\nthe range of high lands which\\nseparate the waters of the Connec-\\nticut and Merrimack. From the\\nvillage a prospect is presented of\\nlake and mountain v/ith all the va-\\nried scenery which renders a New\\nEngland town peculiarly delight-\\nful.\\nSeveral streams, rising from large\\nponds in this town and its neigh-\\nborhood, produce a considerable\\nwater power, which is improved\\nfor manufactures of various kinds.\\nThese waters are so elevated and\\nconstant that, with a small expense,\\nthey might be rendered exceeding-\\nly valuable. They deserve par-\\nticular attention of those in search\\n39*\\nof mill sites in this part of the\\nstate.\\nThis town lies 50 miles W. N.\\nW. from Boston, 20 N. by W. from\\nWorcester, and 7 S. W. from Fitch-\\nburgh. Incorporated, 1759. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,640.\\nThe manufactures of Westmin-\\nster consist of chairs, cabinet and\\nwooden wares, hats, boots, shoes,\\nstraw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, card\\nboards, saddlery, and leather an-\\nnual value, about $60,000.\\nWestiuore, Vt.\\nOrleans co. This town contains\\nWilloughby s lake, a handsome\\nsheet of water, surrounded by\\nmounts Hor, Pico, and other eleva-\\ntions. This lake is about 6 miles in\\nlength, and one and an half in\\nwidth. Branches of Barton, Clyde\\nand Passumpsic rivers rise in this\\nand other ponds in the town.\\nWestmore appears to be too high\\nfor the habitation of many people\\nor sheep in 1830, it contained 32\\ninhabitants, and in 1837, 10 sheep.\\n^Vestnioreland, ]V. H.\\nCheshire co. Westmoreland is\\nbounded N. by Walpole, E. by Sur-\\nry and Keene, S. by Chesterfield,\\nand W. by Dummerston and Put-\\nney, Vt. Its distance from Con-\\ncord is 65 miles S. W. Population,\\n1830, 1,647.\\nThis town is watered by several\\nsmall streams which empty into\\nthe Connecticut. The one issuing\\nfrom Spafford s lake in Chesterfield\\nis the largest, and affords some of\\nthe best water privileges in town.\\nThe present charter of the town\\nwas granted by New Hampshire,\\nin 1752. The first settlement was\\nmade in 1741. The early settlers\\nwere several times attacked by the\\nIndians. In one of their excur-\\nsions, they killed William Phips,\\nthe first husband of Jemima How\\nand in another, carried Nehemiah\\nHow, the father of her second hus-\\nband, a captive to Canada, where", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0479.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nhe died. The surface of Westmore-\\nland is less varied by mountains,\\nvales, rivers and ponds, than the\\nneighboring towns.\\nWest Newbury, Mass.\\nEssex CO. This is a part of the\\nancient town of Newbury, and was\\ntaken from it in 1819.\\nThis pleasant town lies on the S.\\nside of Merrimack river; 33 miles\\nN. from Boston, 20 E. from Lowell,\\nand 4 W. from Newbury port. Pop-\\nulation, 1S37, 1,448.\\nThis is a fine township of land,\\nand many excellent farms and coun-\\ntry seats are found within its limits.\\nAsbestos and marble are found\\nhere.\\nAlthough most of the inhabitants\\nof the town are professional farm-\\ners, still there are manufactures of\\nbar iron, combs, chaises, leather,\\nand shoes annual value, about\\n$75,000.\\nWeston, Me.\\nWashington co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1835. It is the half\\ntownship granted to Hampden\\nacademy. It lies a few miles west\\nfrom Grand Lake it is watered by\\nBaskahegan river, and is about 90\\nmiles N. E. from Bangor. Popu-\\nlation, 1837, 213. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 4,706 bushels.\\nWeston, Vt.\\nWindsor co. West river passes\\nthrough this town, and on its banks\\nare some good land, son)e manufac-\\ntures and two pleasant villages. It\\nwas set off from Andover in 1790,\\nand organized as a town in 1800.\\nWeston lies QQ miles S. by W.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 22 S. W. from\\nWindsor. Population, 1830, 972.\\nWeston, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This is a town-\\nship of good land with a neat and\\nflourishing village. It lies 14 miles\\nW. from Boston, 9 S. by E. from\\nConcord, and is watered by Stony\\nbrook. Population, 1837, 1,105.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of boots, shoes, leather, ma-\\nchinery, ploughs, chairs, harnesses,\\npottery ware, c. annual value,\\nabout $60,000. Incorporated, 1712\\nWeston, Ct.\\nFairfield co. Weston was taken\\nfrom Fairfield in 1787. It was set-\\ntled in 1738. The town is watered\\nby Saugatuck and Mill rivers, and\\na pleasant brook, which furnish a\\ngood water power. There are some\\nvaluable mills for manafactures in\\nthe town, but the chief business\\nof the inhabitants is agricultural.\\nThe soil is a gravelly loam, with an\\nuneven surface.\\nWeston is 60 miles S. W. from\\nHartford, and is bounded N. W. by\\nFairfield. Population, 1830, 2,997.\\nOn Monday, the 14th of Decem-\\nber, 1807, at about the break of\\nday, or a little after, the weather\\nbeing moderate, calm, and the at-\\nmosphere somewhat cloudy and\\nfoggy, a meteor or Jire ball, passing\\nfrom a northern point, disploded\\nover the western part of this state,\\nwith a tremendous report. At the\\nsame time several pieces of stony\\nsubstance fell on the earth in Fair-\\nfield county. One mass was driven\\nagainst a rock and dashed in small\\npieces, a peck of which remained\\non the spot. About three miles\\ndistant, in the town of Weston, an-\\nother large piece fell upon the\\nearth, of which a mass of about\\nthirty pounds weight remains en-\\ntire, and was exhibited the same\\nday at town meeting. A small\\nmass has been sent to Yale College,\\nand examined by a number of gen-\\ntlemen. It was immediately per-\\nceived by Professor Silliman to\\ncontain a metal, and on presenting\\nit to a magnet a powerful attraction\\nproved it to be iron. This is, we\\nbelieve, the first instance in the\\nUnited States, in which the sub-\\nstance of this species of meteor\\nhas been found on the earth, though\\nit has often been found in Europe.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0480.jp2"}, "481": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWcstport, Me.\\nLincoln co. This town is sur-\\nrounded by the waters of Sheepscot\\nriver and bay, and is bounded N.\\nby Wiscasset, E. by Edgecoinb and\\nBoothbay, and S. and W. by Sheep-\\nscot s bay and Georgetown. It is 29\\nmiles S. by E. from Augusta. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 580. Incorporated\\nin 1828.\\nWestport, Mass.\\nBristol CO. This town is pleas-\\nantly situated on Acoakset river,\\nnear the mouth of Buzzard s bay,\\non the line of Rhode Island 18\\nmiles N. N. E. from Newport, 25\\nS. from Taunton, 10 S. by E.\\nfrom Fall River, 10 S. W. from\\nNew Bedford, and 60 S. from Eos-\\nton. Five vessels belong- to this\\nplace, engaged in the whaling bu-\\nsiness, and a number of small ves-\\nsels are employed in coasting and\\nfishing.\\nThe value of whale oil imported\\ninto Westport, the year ending\\nApril 1, 1337, was $53,670. The\\nvalue of the manufactures of this\\ntown, the same year, was $69,375;\\nthey consisted of cotton yarn, salt\\nand hoes. The number of sheep\\nsheared that year, was 2,392 val-\\nue of the wool, ^2,551. This town\\nwas incorporated in 1787. Popula-\\ntion, in 1837,2,618.\\nWestport, Ct.\\nFairfield co. This pleasant town\\nwas called Saugatuck, the name of\\na river that passes through it, un-\\ntil 1835. It was taken from the towns\\nof Fairfield, Norwalk and Weston.\\nIt is about 5 miles in length from\\nnorth to soiith, and is bounded E. by\\nFairfield, S. by Long Island Sound,\\nand W. by Norwalk. Population,\\n1835, 1,800.\\nThere are in the town, 2 or 3 cot-\\nton mills, 2 carriage factories, and\\nmanufactures of shoes, hats and va-\\nrious other articles. The village is\\nquite a business place, and com-\\nmands considerable trade.\\nThe Saugatuck is navigable for\\nvessels of 7 feet draught of water\\nto the village, which is 6 1-2 miles\\nW. from Fairfield, 3 1-2 N. E. from\\nNorwalk, and 27 S. W. from New\\nHaven.\\nAbout 2 1-2 miles south of the\\nvillage of Westport, is a smooth and\\nbeautiful elevation, called CoTiipo.\\nIt was at this place that the British\\ntroops landed in April, 1777, when\\non their expedition to Danburj,\\nThey also returned to this place\\nwhen they embarked on board ot\\ntheir shipping. Seven or eight\\nmen were killed in the vicinity of\\nthe Congregational church in West-\\nport. Ball Mountain, a conical\\neminence, covered with large trees\\nfrom its base to its summit, is situa-\\nted a little south of the village, and\\nis a striking feature in the landscape.\\nWest Q,uocldy Head, Me.\\nSee Quoddy Head.\\nWest River, Vt.\\nThis river rises in Weston, in the\\ncounty of Windsor, and passing S.\\nthrough the towns of Londonder-\\nry, Jamaica, Wardsborough, and\\nNevvfane, in the county of Wind-\\nham, it falls into the Connecticut at\\nthe north part of Brattleborough.\\nThis river receives many branches\\nin its course, which are good mill\\nstreams the main river is rather\\nsluggish, and fertilizes large tiacts\\nof meadow. West river traverses\\na distance of about 50 miles, and\\nwaters a basin of 440 square miles.\\nWest River Mountain, N. H.\\nSee Chesterfield and Hinsdale.\\nIVest Springfield, Mass.\\nHampden co. This town is beau-\\ntifully situated on both sides of\\nWestfield river, at its confluence\\nwith the Connecticut, opposite to", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0481.jp2"}, "482": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nSpringfield, to which it is connect-\\ned by a beautiful bridge. Some\\nparts of the town are rough and un-\\neven, and in some parts are stony-\\nplains but the general character\\nof the town in regard to soil is allu-\\nvial meadow of an excellent quali-\\nty. On the summits of the hills\\nand along the rivers, a great variety\\nof wild and delightful scenery is\\nexhibited.\\nThere are 1 cotton and 2 woolen\\nmills in the town, and manufactures\\nof leather, boots and shoes; annual\\nvalue, about $100,000. In 1837,\\nthere were 3,374 tleeces of wool\\nsheared in the town, which weigh-\\ned 8,512 lbs., and sold for $5,107.\\nGood iron ore is found in West\\nSpringfield, and a species of lime-\\nstone, used for making water proof\\ncement. Incorporated, 1774. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 3,227.\\nWest Stocls. bi iclge, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. Williams riv-\\ner which rises m Richmond, runs\\nthrough the whole length of this\\ntown, and gives it a great hydraulic\\npower.\\nThis town is bounded W. by the\\nstate of New York, and lies on the\\nroute of the great western rail road\\nfrom Boston to Albany. A part of\\nthe town is hilly but the soil is\\ngenerally good. Along the river\\nis a valley of tine land which gives\\nbeauty to the village, and value to\\nthe town. Mines of iron ore are\\nfound in this town, and an inex-\\nhaustible quantity of beautifully\\nvariegated marble.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of bar iron, axes, brads,\\nmachinery, marble, leather, wood-\\nen ware, c annual value, about\\n$50,000.\\nWest Stockbrida^e lies 135 miles\\nW. from Boston, 9 S. S. W. from\\nLenpx, 26 E. by N. from Hudson,\\nN. Y., and 37 1-2 S. E. by S. from\\nAlbany, by the proposed rail road.\\nIncorporated, 1774. Population, in\\n1837, 1,244.\\nWetliersiield, Ct.\\nHartford co. This town, the In-\\ndian Pyquag, was one of the first\\nsettled towns in the state. It is\\nsupposed that most of the Weth-\\nersfield settlers came round from\\nBoston by water, and arrived in Ju-\\nly, before the Windsor and Hartford\\nsettlers, who came through the\\nwilderness, and did not reach the\\nConnecticut until about the 9th of\\nNovember.\\nWethersfield is bounded N. by\\nHartford, E. by Connecticut river,\\nS.by Middletown, and W.by Berlin.\\nIt lies 4 miles S. from Hartford.\\nPopulation, in 1820, 3,825 in 1830,\\n3,853.\\nPiper s river and other small\\nstreams water the town, but afford\\nno important mill sites.\\nThe area of the town is about 6\\nmiles square, containing 23,000\\nacres. This is an excellent town-\\nship of land, having an undulating\\nsurface, and exhibiting a beautiful\\ndiversity of hill and dale. The\\nsoil is generally a rich gravelly and\\nsandy loam, but in the western part\\nof the town, argillaceous loam pre-\\nvails and some small sections in\\nthe centre, may be considered as a\\ngarden mould. It is well adapted\\nto grass and grain, and particularly\\nto esculent roots. The tract of allu-\\nvial upon Connecticut river is ex-\\ntensive and beautiful, and very\\nproductive.\\nAmong other agricultural inter-\\nests in this town, the cultivation of\\nonions has long held a conspicuous\\nrank. This is an important agri-\\ncultural pursuit, although it occu-\\npies but a small portion of land,\\nand the service is principally per-\\nformed by females. Wethersfield\\nonions have long been justly cele-\\nbrated, and large quantities are\\nexported to the southern states and\\nthe West Indies for a market.\\nThe changing of the bed of the\\nriver in this town has been the oc-\\ncasion of much litigation respecting", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0482.jp2"}, "483": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe title to the soil. Mr. Butler,\\nwho owned a tract upon which the\\nriver was encroaching, found after a\\nwhile, some of his land appearing\\non the opposite side of the river,\\nand accordingly laid claim to it.\\nHis claim was disputed, as he nev-\\ner owned land on that side of the\\nriver. It was a long time before\\nthis case was decided. There ap-\\npeared some difficulty in making\\nthe jury who sat on the case, to un-\\nderstand the merits of the question.\\nMr. Ingersoll, a relative of the In-\\ngersoU family in New Haven, was\\nthe counsel employed by Mr. But-\\nler. He illustrated the case by\\nsupposing that Mr. B. had built a\\ncastle on the land in question. Al-\\nthough the ground on which it stood\\nmight be overflowed, yet still it was\\nhis castle, and also the ground on\\nwhich it stood, and he had a right\\nto his property wherever he could\\nfind it. The case was finally deci-\\nded in accordance with these views.\\nThe State Prison of Connecticut\\nwas erected in this town in 1826,\\nand the prisoners from Newgate\\nprison, in Granby, were removed\\nhere the next year. This building\\nis situated on the south margin of\\nthe cove, which sets back from\\nConnecticut river, at the north end\\nof Wethersfield village. The build-\\nings of the prison form very near-\\nly a quadrangle, on the south side\\nof which, stands the building which\\nis more properly the Prison. The\\napartments of the warden are situ-\\nated in the east end of this build-\\ning the centre surrounds the\\nblock of cells 4 stories high, in\\nwhich the male prisoners are lock-\\ned up. This hall or centre is 154\\nfeet long, 43 feet wide, and 30 feet\\nhigh the number of cells or night\\nrooms is 200. The west end, is\\nused as the female department,\\ncontaining cells, rooms for labor,\\nkitchen, and apartments for the\\nmatron. The east, north, and west\\nsides of this quadrangle, are form-\\ned by a wall 20 feet high. With-\\nin this yard are situated two ran-\\nges of shops one on the east side,\\nand one upon the west, in which\\nthe convicts perform their daily la-\\nbor. The passage into the prison,\\nis through the warden s apartment,\\ninto the guard room, thence into\\nthe hall surrounding the cells,\\nthence into the yard. This is the\\nonly passage, except through a\\nlarge gate on the north side of the\\nyard.\\nRocky Hill, the south parish of\\nWethersfield, lies on a collection\\nof hills which are a continuation of\\nthe Middletown range one of\\nthese eminences, Rocky hill, has\\ngiven name to the parish. It has a\\npleasant little village on an eleva-\\nted situation, 7 miles from Hartford,\\nwith a landing at some distance,\\nwhere considerable commerce and\\nship building were formerly car-\\nried on.\\nJVewingtnn, the 2d society in\\nWethersfield, was formerly called\\nCow plain. The village is pleas-\\nantly situated in a fertile valley,\\nwest of Cedar mountain the cen-\\ntral part is 6 miles from Hartford,\\nand 4 from Wethersfield village.\\nThe inhabitants are chiefly engag-\\ned in agriculture, and are distin-\\nguished for their general intelli-\\ngence, and attachment to the in-\\nstitutions of morality and religion.\\nMany years since, a gentleman\\nof Newington, who was a very re-\\nligious and conscientious man, mar-\\nried for a wife, one of the most ill\\nnatured and troublesome women\\nwhich could be found in the vicini-\\nty. This occasioned universal sur-\\nprise wherever he was known, and\\none of his neighbors ventured to\\nask him the reasons which govern-\\ned his choice. The gentleman re-\\nplied, that having had but little or\\nno trouble in the world, he was\\nfearful of becoming too much at-\\ntached to things of time and sense.\\nAnd he thought by experiencing\\nsome afflictions, he should become\\nmore weaned from the world, and", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0483.jp2"}, "484": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthat he married such a woman as\\nhe thought would accomplish the\\nobject. The best part of the story\\nis, that the wife hearing of the rea-\\nsons why he married her, was\\nmuch offended, and out of revenge,\\nbecame one of the most pleasant\\nand dutiful wives in the town, de-\\nclaring that she was not a going to\\nbe made a pack horse, to carry her\\nhusband to heaven.\\nWetherstield was the scene of\\none of the most horrible butcheries\\never committed that of the Bea-\\ndle family, in 1782.\\nBeadle was an Englishman, and\\ncame to this country in 1762. He\\nsettled in Fairfield, where he mar-\\nried, and remained until about 10\\nyears before this tragedy. The\\nfollowing are extracts from an ac-\\ncount of this event, written by a\\nneighbor, and attached to the funer-\\nal sermon of Mrs. Beadle and her\\nchildren.\\nWhen the war commenced, he\\nhad on hand a very handsome as-\\nsortment of goods for a country\\nstore, which he sold for the curren-\\ncy of the country, without any ad-\\nvance in the price the money he\\nlaid by, waiting and expecting the\\nthe time would soon arrive when\\nhe might therewith replace his\\ngoods, resolving not to part with it\\nuntil it should be in as good de-\\nmand as when received by him.\\nHis expectations from this quarter\\ndaily lessening, finally lost all hope,\\nand was thrown into a state little\\nbetter than despair, as appears from\\nhis writing he adopted a plan of\\nthe most rigid family economy, but\\nstill kept up the outward appear-\\nance of his former affluence, and\\never to the last entertained his\\nfriends with his usual decent hospi-\\ntality, although nothing appeared\\nin his outward deportment, which\\nevinced the uncommon pride of his\\nheart. His writings show clearly\\nthat he was determined not to bear\\nthe mortification of being thought\\nby his friends poor and dependent.\\nOn this subject he expresses him-\\nself in the following extraordinary\\nmanner If a man, who has once\\nlived well, meant well, and done\\nwell, falls by unavoidable accident\\ninto poverty, and -then submits to\\nbe laughed at, despised and trampled\\non, by a set of mean wretches as\\nfar below him as the moon is be-\\nlow the sun I say if such a man\\nsubmits, he must become meaner\\nthan meanness itself, and I sincere-\\nly wish he might have 10 years ad-\\nded to his natural life to punish him\\nfor his folly.\\nHe fixed upon the night suc-\\nceeding the ISth of November for\\nthe execution of his nefarious pur-\\npose, and procured a supper of oj ^s-\\nters, of which the family eat very\\nplentifully that evening he writes\\nas follows I have prepared a noble\\nsupper of oysters, that my flock\\nand I may eat and drink together,\\nthank God and die. After supper\\nhe sent the maid with a studied er-\\nrand to a friend s house at some dis-\\ntance, directing her to stay until\\nshe obtained an answer to an insig-\\nnificant letter he wrote his friend,\\nintending she should not return\\nthat evening she did however\\nreturn perhaps her return dis-\\nconcerted him and prevented him\\nfor that time. The next day he\\ncarried his pistols to a smith for re-\\npair it may be, the ill condition of\\nhis pistols might be an additional\\nreason of the delay.\\nOn the evening of the 10th of\\nDecember sojne persons were with\\nhim at his house to whom he ap-\\npeared as cheerful and serene as\\nusual he attended to the little af-\\nfairs of his family as if nothing\\nuncommon was in contemplation.\\nThe company left him about nine\\no clock in the evening, when he\\nwas urgent as usual for their stay\\nwhether he slept that night is un-\\ncertain, but it is believed he went\\nto bed. The children and maid\\nslept in one chamber in the grey\\nof the morning of the Ilth of De-", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0484.jp2"}, "485": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncember he went to their bed cham-\\nber, awaked the maid and ordered\\nher to rise gently, without disturb-\\ning the children, when she caine\\ndown stairs he gave her a line to\\nthe family physician, who lived at\\nthe distance of a quarter of a mile\\nordered her to carry it immediately,\\nat the same time declaring that Mrs.\\nBeadle had been ill all night, and\\ndirecting her to stay until the phy-\\nsician should come with her this\\nhe repeated sundry times with a\\ndegree of ardor. There is much\\nreason to believe he had murdered\\nMrs. Beadle before he awaked the\\nmaid. Upon the maid s leaving the\\nhouse he immediately proceeded to\\nexecute his purpose on the children\\nand himself. It appears he had for\\nsome time before, carried to his\\nbedside every night an axe and a\\ncarving knife he smote his wife\\nand each of the children with the\\naxe on the side of the head as they\\nlay sleeping in their beds the wo-\\nman had two wounds in the head,\\nthe skull of each of tliem was frac-\\ntured he then with the carving\\nknife cut their throats from ear to\\near; the woman and little boy were\\ndrawn partly over the side of their\\nbeds, as if to prevent the bedding\\nfrom being besmeared with blood\\nthe three daughters were taken\\nfrom the bed and laid upon the floor\\nside by side, like three Iambs, be-\\nfore their throats were cut they\\nwere covered with a blanket, and\\nthe woman s face with a handker-\\nchief. He then proceeded to the\\nlower floor of the house, leaving\\nmarks of his footsteps in blood on\\nthe stairs, carrying with him the\\naxe and knife, the latter he laid on\\nthe table in the room where he was\\nfound, reeking with the blood of his\\nfamily. Perhaps he had thoughts\\nhe might use it against himself if\\nhis pistols should fail. It appears he\\nthen seated himself in a Windsor\\nchair, with his arms supported by\\nthe arms of the chair he lixed the\\nmuzzles of the pistols into his two\\nears, and fired them at the same in-\\nstant: the balls went through the\\nhead in transverse directions. Al-\\nthough the neighbors were very\\nnear and some of them awake,\\nnone heard the report of the pis-\\ntols.\\nThe line to the physician ob-\\nscurely announced the intentions\\nof the man the house was soon\\nopened, but alas, too late The\\nbodies were pale and motionless,\\nswimming in their blood, their faces\\nwhite as mountain snow, yet life\\nseemed to tremble on their lips\\ndescription can do no more than\\nfaintly ape and trifle with the real\\nfigure.\\nSuch a tragical scene filled ev-\\nery mind with the deepest distress:\\nnature recoiled, and was on the\\nrack with distorting passions the\\nmost poignant sorrow and tender\\npity for the lady and her innocent\\nbabes, who were the hapless vic-\\ntims of the brutal, studied cruelty\\nof an husband and father, in whose\\nembraces they expected to find se-\\ncurity, melted every heart. Shock-\\ning effects of pride and false notions\\nabout religion\\nTo paint the first transports\\nthis affecting scene produced, when\\nthe house was opened, is beyond\\nmy reach. Multitudes of all ages\\nand sexes were drawn together by\\nthe sad tale. The very inmost\\nsouls of the beholders were wound-\\ned at the sight, and torn by con-\\ntending passions. Silent grief,\\nwuth marks of astonishment, were\\nsucceeded by furious indignation\\nagainst the author of the affecting\\nspectacle, which vented itself in\\nincoherent exclamations. Nature\\nitself seemed rufhed, and refused\\nthe kindly aid of balmy sleep for a\\ntime.\\nNear the close of the day on\\nthe r2th of December, the bodies\\nbeing still unburied, the people\\nwho had collected in great num-\\nbers, grew almost frantic with\\nrage, and in a manner demanded", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0485.jp2"}, "486": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthe body of the murderer: the law\\nbeing silent on the subject, it was\\ndifficult to determine where decen-\\ncy required the body should be\\nplaced many proposed it should\\nbe in an ignominious manner where\\nfour roads met, v. ithout any coffin\\nor insignia of respect, and perfora-\\nted by a stake. Upon which a\\nquestion arose, where that place\\ncould be found which might be\\nunexceptionable to the neighbor-\\nhood, but no one would consent it\\nshould be near his house or land.\\nAfter some consultation it was\\nthought best to place it on the bank\\nof the river between high and low\\nwater mark the body was handed\\nout of the window and bound with\\ncords on a sled, with the clothes on\\nas it was found, and the bloody\\nknife tied on his breast, without\\ncoffin or box, and the horse he usu-\\nally rode was made fast to the sled\\nthe horse, unaccustomed to the\\ndraught, proceeded with great un-\\nsteadiness, sometimes running full\\nspeed, then stopping, followed by a\\nmultitude, until arriving at the wa-\\nter s edge, the body was tumbled\\ninto a hole dug for the purpose, like\\nthe carcase of a beast.\\nOn the 13th of December, the\\nbodies of the murdered were in-\\nterred in a manner much unlike\\nthat of the unnatural murderer.\\nThe remains of the children were\\nborne by a suitable number of\\nequal age, attended by a sad pro-\\ncession of youths of the town, all\\nbathed in tears side by side the\\nhapless woman s corpse was car-\\nried in solemn procession to the\\nparish church yard, followed by a\\ngreat concourse, who with affec-\\ntionate concern and every token\\nof respect were anxious to express\\ntheir heartfelt sorrow in perform-\\ning the last mournful duties.\\nThe person of Mr. Beadle was\\nsmall, his features striking and full\\nof expression, with the aspect of\\nfierceness and determination his\\nmind was contemplative when\\nonce he had formed an opinion, he\\nwas remarkably tenacious as a\\nmerchant or trader, he was esteem-\\ned a man of strict honor and integ-\\nrity, and would not descend to any\\nlow or mean artifice to advance his\\nfortune. He was turned of 52\\nyears of age when he died.\\nMrs. Beadle was born at Ply-\\nmouth in Massachusetts, of reputa-\\nble parents, a comely person, of\\ngood address, well bred, and unus-\\nually serene, sincere, unaffected\\nand sensible. She died in the mid-\\ndle of life, aged 32 years.\\nThe children, (the eldest of\\nwhich was a son, aged 12 years,\\nthe other three, daughters, the\\nyoungest aged 6 years) were such\\nas cheered the hearts of their par-\\nents, who were uncommonly fond\\nof displaying their little virtues and\\nexcellencies, and seemed to antici-\\npate a continuance of growing pa-\\nrental satisfaction alas, like earl}\\ntender buds nipped by untimely\\nfrosts, they did but begin to live\\nIt is more than probable, that\\nthis man had for months past desir-\\ned that some or all of his children\\nmight be taken out of the world by\\naccident he removed all means of\\nsecurity from a well near his house,\\nwhich he was careful heretofore to\\nkeep covered. His little boy he\\noften sent to swim in the river, and\\nhas been heard to chide the child\\nfor not venturing further into deep\\nwater than his fears would suffer\\nhim. He has at times declared it\\nwould give him no pain or uneasi-\\nness to follow his children to the\\ngrave his acquaintance knew\\nthese expressions could not arise\\nfrom want of affection or tender-\\nness for his c^iildren, but rather\\nimagined him speaking rashly in\\njest. He ever spoke lightly of\\ndeath as a bugbear the world cause-\\nlessly feared. It appears from his\\nwritings, he at first had doubts\\nwhether it was just and reasonable\\nfor him to deprive his wife of life,\\nand offers against it only this reason.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0486.jp2"}, "487": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nthat he had no hand in bringing\\nher into existence, and consequent-\\nly had no power over her life.\\nShe set out on the 7th of Novem-\\nber on a journey to Fairfield, which\\nhe thought was by direction of\\nHeaven to clear him of his doubts\\nand remove her out of the way, at\\nthe time the business was to be\\ndone and his intention was to have\\nexecuted his design on himself and\\nchildren in her absence. She pro-\\nceeded no further than New Ha-\\nven, and by reason of some disap-\\npointment, returned ten days earlier\\nthan expected he appeared cha-\\ngrined at her early return, and soon\\nbegan to invent some justifying\\nreasons for depriving her of life\\nalso. He finally concludes it would\\nhe unmerciful to leave her behind\\nto languish out a life of misery and\\nwretchedness, which must be the\\nconsequence of the surprising death\\nof the rest of the family, and that\\nsince they had shared the frowns\\nand smiles of fortune together, it\\nwould be cruelty to her, to be di-\\nvided from them in death.\\nWcybridge, Vt.\\nAddison co. Weybridge is wa-\\ntered by Otter Creek, which af-\\nfords it good mill sites. Lemonfair\\nriver, a sluggish stream, also waters\\nthe town. Some parts of the town\\nare mountainous, but the soil is gen-\\nerally good the basis being lime-\\nstone, it yields good crops, and pas-\\ntures about 6,000 sheep. It lies 30\\nmiles S. by E. from Burlington, and\\nis bounded on the S. E. by Middle-\\nbury. Population, 1830, 850.\\nWeymoutli, Mass*\\nNorfolk CO. This was the sec-\\nond settlement made by white\\nmen in New England. Mr. Thom-\\nas Weston, a respectable merchant\\nof London, who had been active\\nin promoting the interests of the\\nPlymouth colonists, sent two ships\\nand 50 or 60 men to plant a colony\\nat this place, in the year 1622. The\\n40\\nfate of the colony was as unfortu-\\nnate as the designs of Mr. Weston\\nwere philanthropic. By the unjust\\nand wanton conduct of his agents\\ntowards the natives, the colony\\nwould have been totally destroyed,\\nwere it not for the timely assistance\\nafforded it by a band of men from\\nthe Plymouth Colon} commanded\\nby the gallant Standish. The col-\\nony was broken up, and Mr. Wes-\\nton lost his life on the coast in at-\\ntempting to reach it. This place,\\nthe Indian Wessagxisset, named\\nWeymouth from a town in England,\\nwas however permanently settled\\nby the Rev. William Morrill, Capt.\\nRobert Georges and others, in the\\nyear 1624.\\nThe surface of the town is pleas-\\nantly diversified by hills and val-\\nleys. Some of the elevations are\\ncommanding, and present delight-\\nful views of Boston harbor, Mas-\\nsachusetts bay and the adjacent\\ncountry. The soil is a strong grav-\\nelly loam, with a granitic super\\nstructure.\\nThis town was formerl) noted\\nfor its excellent daiine.\u00c2\u00ab, particular-\\nly for its cheese of a superior rich-\\nness and flavor; but little of which\\nis now made in consequence of\\nthe increased value of the lands.\\nWeymouth is finely watered by\\nlarge and beautiful ponds, and by\\ntwo important arms of Boston har-\\nbor, called Fore and Back rivers.\\nThese rivers are navigable for large\\nvessels, and at their head are valua-\\nble mill privileges. Between these\\nrivers, and between the towns of\\nBraintree and Hingham is a large\\ntract of gently swelling land of\\ngood soil, extending to Quincy,\\nand is united to Quincy Point\\nby a bridge across Fore river.\\nOver this ground the turnpike road\\nbetween Quincy and Hingham\\npasses.\\nThere are several pleasant vil-\\nlages in Weymouth, but the prin-\\ncipal place of business in the town\\nis at Weymouth Landing, so", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0487.jp2"}, "488": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ncalled, or Washin2;ton Square, at\\nthe head of Fore riv^er, on the line\\nof Braintree. This place, being\\nat the head of navigation for a large\\nand flourishing section of counti-y,\\nhas long enjoyed, and must ever pos-\\nsess superior privileges as a place\\nof trade. About 1,000 tons of ship-\\nping is owned here, employed in\\nthe fishery and domestic trade.\\nAt this place are a number of\\nwharves, ware houses, a steam saw\\nmill, and manufactures of various\\nkinds. Ship building is carried on\\nto some extent, and large quanti-\\nties of lumber, flour, grain, lime,\\ncoal, wood, c., are annually sold.\\nTliis village lies on the Ply-\\nmouth and New Bedford roads, 11\\nmiles S. by E. from Boston, 24 N.\\nN. W. from Plymouth, 14 S. E.\\nfrom Dedham,5 W. from Hingham,\\nand 9 S. S. W. from Boston Light.\\nThe village at the south pai-t of\\nthe town is pleasantly situated on\\nelevated ground, about 3 miles S.\\nfrom Washington Square. The\\npeople here are extensively enga-\\nged in the manufacture of boots and\\nshoes.\\nStages pass between these villa-\\nges and Boston, daily and pack-\\nets, for the transportation of mer-\\nchandize, navigate the rivers about\\nnine months in the year.\\nThe roads in this section of the\\ncountry are remarkably fine, and\\nmany citizens of Boston make Wey-\\nmo ith their summer residence.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nare various, but those of leather,\\nboots and shoes, are the most con-\\nsiderable. The annual amount of\\nthese manufactures varies from\\n$.500,000 to $800,000.\\nWeymouth was incorporated in\\nIfiSo. Population, 1820, 2,404;\\n1830, 2,839 1837, 3,3S7.\\nThis ancient town has been the\\nbirth place and residence of many\\nmen of great usefulness in society.\\nAmong the number, the name of\\nCoTTOiv Tufts, M. D., M. M.\\nS. S. A. A. S., will long be re-\\nmembered as a revolutionary patri-\\narch and skillful physician.\\nIVliately, Mass.\\nFranklin co. This town lies on\\nthe west side of Connecticut river,\\n9 miles N. from Northampton, 11\\nS. from Greenfield, and 92 W. by\\nN. from Boston. Incorporated in\\n1771. Population, in 1837, 1,140.\\nThere are some pine plains, and a\\npart of Sugar Loaf mountain ex-\\ntends into the town from Deerfield\\nstill there are some tracts of good\\nintervale land on the Connecticut,\\nand smaller streams, by which it is\\nwatered.\\nThe number of sheep in Whately,\\nin 1837, was 1,6.50 weight of wool,\\n4,9.53 lbs. value, $2,862. There\\nare 3 woollen mills in the town, 3\\ntanneries, 3 distilleries, and manu-\\nfactures of gimblets, augers, ham-\\nmers, brooms, brushes, palm-leaf\\nhats, boots, shoes, pocket-books, c.\\nAnnual value, about $90,000.\\nWlieelock, Vt.\\nCaledonia co. There is some\\ngood land in this town, but a great\\npart of it is mountainous or hilly,\\nand fit only for the pasturage of\\nsheep, of which about 3,000 are\\nkept. The streams flow N. W. into\\nthe Lamoille and S. E. into the\\nPassumpsic.\\nThis town was granted in 1785,\\nto the charity school at Dartmouth\\nCollege, and named in honor of\\nJohn Wheelock, who was, at that\\ntime, president of that institution.\\nWheelock lies 30 miles N. N. E.\\nfrom Montpelier, and 9 N. from\\nDanville. Population, 1830, 834.\\nWlieel^vriglit s Pond, N. H.\\nSee Lee.\\n^yiiite River, Vt.\\nThis is the largest stream in the\\nstate on the east side of the Green\\nMountains. It waters a basin of\\nabout 700 square miles, and traver-\\nses in its course from Kingston, ia", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0488.jp2"}, "489": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nAddison county, about 60 miles. It\\npasses through Hancock, Rochester,\\nand Pittstield, in Rutland county,\\nand Stockbridge, Bethel, Royalton,\\nand Sharon, in Windsor county, to\\nits fall into the Connecticut at Hart-\\nford, about 5 miles above the mouth\\nof Queechy river. White river\\nreceives many large tributaries\\nthe most considerable of which are\\nthe three branches, so called, from\\nthe north and Broad brook and\\nLocust creek from the south. This\\nstream and its branches, afford a\\ngreat hydraulic power; and large\\ntracts of country are fertilized by\\n\u00c2\u00bbts waters. It passes through a\\ncountry of lofty mountains, deep\\nravines and fertile valleys the\\nscenery of which is much enhanc-\\ned by the devious course of this\\nbeautiful river.\\nWTiite Cap Mountain, Me.\\nSee Andover.\\nIVIiitefteld, Me.\\nLincoln co. Sheepscot river pass-\\nes through this town, giving it fer-\\ntility, beauty, and a good water\\npower. It lies 16 miles S. E. from\\nAugusta, and 14 N. from Wlscas-\\nset. Incorporated, 1809. Popula-\\ntion, in 1837, 2,136. Wheat crop,\\nsame year, 3,637 bushels.\\nWliitefield, N. H.\\nCoos CO. This is an irregular\\ntownship, lying S. from Lancaster,\\nW. from Jefferson, N. from Carroll\\nand Bethlehem, and E. from Dalton.\\nIt is 120 miles N. from Concord.\\nIts soil is generally thin and light,\\nof easy cultivation and tolerably\\ngood though in the N. part low\\nspruce swamps abound. In this\\ntown lie part of Blake s, Long,\\nRound and Little river ponds, be-\\nside two other small ponds. The\\nsecond of these is a beautiful pond\\nof considerable size, abounding with\\nfish. John s river passes through\\nthis town. Whitefield was granted\\nJul 4, 1774, to Josiah Moody and\\nothers, and soon after settled by\\n\\\\Taj. Burns and others. Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 685.\\nAVliitcliead, 3Ie.\\nLincoln co. An Island off the\\ntown of St. George, with a liaht\\nand tower 30 feet in height. The\\nlight bears about S. W. by S. 9 miles\\nfrom Owl s Head.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\Vliite Mountains, X. II.\\nThese mountains are situated in\\nthe county of Coos, in the north\\npart of the state. They extend\\nabout 20 miles from S. W. to N.\\nE., and are the more elevated parts\\nof a ransce extending many miles\\nin that direction. Their base is\\nabout 10 miles broad and their cen-\\ntral latitude is 44\u00c2\u00b0 15 N., and 71\u00c2\u00b0\\n20 W. lono-itude.\\nThe Indian name of these moun-\\ntains, according; to Dr. Belknap,\\nvf^?. Agiocochnok. An ancient tra-\\ndition prevailed among the savages,\\nthat a deluge once overspread the\\nland, and destroyed every human\\nbeinsT, except a single powow and\\nhis wife, who sheltered themselves\\nin these elevated regions, and thus\\npreserved the race from extermi-\\nnation. The fancy of the natives\\npeopled this mountain with beings\\nof a superior rank, who were invis-\\nible to the human eye, but some-\\ntimes indicated their presence by\\ntempests, which they were believ-\\ned to control with absolute authori-\\nty. The savages therefore, never\\nattempted to ascend the summit,\\ndeemina; the attempt pei-ilous, and\\nsuccess impossible. But they fre-\\nquented the defiles and environs of\\nthe mountain, and of cour^-e propa-\\ngated many extravagant nescrip-\\ntions of its appearance declaring,\\namong other things equally cred-\\nible, that they had seen carbun\\ncles at immen-^e heiohts, which, in\\nthe darkness of night, shone with\\nthe most brilliant and dazzling\\nsplendor.\\nPresident Alden states, that the", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0489.jp2"}, "490": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWhite mountains were called by\\none of the eastern tribes Wauni-\\nbekketmethna: Waumbekket signi-\\nfies it ^i^e, and methna, mountains.\\nBefore we attempt a description\\nof these mountains, we shall en-\\ndeavor to direct the traveller in\\nhis course, from the east, the south\\nand the west, to this magnificent\\nexhibition of Almighty power.\\nRoutes from Boston, through\\nConcord, JV. H. Travellers take\\nthe rail road to Lowell, pass to\\nNashua, by rail road, and then by\\nstage through Amoskeag to Concord,\\nor take the Mammoth road at Low-\\nell, through Manchester and Lon-\\ndonderry, or pass through Andover\\nand Haverhill, Mass. The distance\\nfrom Boston to Concord, by the\\nMammoth road, is 65 miles by\\nNashua, 72, and by the way of\\nHaverhill, 70 miles. From Con-\\ncord you pass to Meredith bridge,\\neither by the Shaker village in\\nCanterbury, 12 miles or Sanborn-\\nton bridge, 16 miles from Concord,\\nThe distance from Concord to Mer-\\nedith bridge is 26 miles. From\\nMeredith l3ridge to Meredith vil-\\nlage, is 9 miles from thence to Cen-\\ntre Harbor, at the north western\\nextremity of Winnepisiogee lake,\\nis 4 miles. Here you have a fair\\nview of the lake for 15 miles, and\\nhere you can be accommodated\\nwith a passage down the lake, to\\nAlton, any day in the season of nav-\\nigation. From Centre Harbor to\\nMoultonborough is 5 miles, to Sand-\\nwich, 2, to Tamworth, 12 to Eaton,\\n6, to Conway, 8, to Bartlett, on the\\nsouth east side of the mountains,\\n10 to the entrance of the Notch,\\n12 miles; and from thence to the\\nCrawford House, is 12 miles.\\nThe Crawford house is about 9 miles\\nfrom the summit of Mount Wash-\\nington. About two thirds of this\\ndistance is traveled by horses, pro-\\ncured at the accommodation house\\nof Crawford the residue is traveled\\non foot, by a pretty good path, cut\\nfor the purpose. The total distance\\nfrom Boston to the base of Mount\\nWashington, is 171 miles. These\\nare very pleasant routes you pass\\nthrough the capital of New Hamp-\\nshire, a beautiful town you enjoy\\na great variety of delightful and ro-\\nmantic river and lake scenery, and\\nare accommodated with good houses,\\ngentlemanly landlords, skillful and\\nobliging stagemen.\\nThere is another route from Con-\\ncord to these hills, by the way of\\nPlymouth, through the Franconia\\nNotch, that is very pleasant and\\nfrequently traveled. From Con-\\ncord through Boscawen, Frank-\\nlin, Andover, Hill, Bristol, and\\nBridgewater, to Plymouth, is 40\\nmiles from thence, through Camp-\\nton, Thornton, Peeling, Lincoln,\\nto Littleton, through the Franconia\\nNotch, is 40 miles. From Littleton\\nto Crawford s, is 18 miles. Total\\ndistance from Boston, by this route,\\n163 miles.\\nFrom Plymouth to Littleton the\\nroads are remarkably good, and\\nthe landscape delightful but the\\nscenery is not so beautiful as by the\\nWinnepisiogee, nor so magnificent\\nas through the Notch of the White\\nMountains.\\nThe Portsmouth and Dover\\nroute, from Boston, is very pleasant\\nyou exchange the beautiful scene-\\nry along the Merrimack, for a visit\\nto some of our most delightful At-\\nlantic towns. On this route we pass\\nthrough the principal towns of Sa-\\nlem, Beverly, Ipswich, Newbury-\\nport, Hampton, to Portsmouth, 56\\nmiles from Boston. From thence we\\ngo to Dover, 12 miles, to Alton,\\nat the southeastern extremity of\\nWinnepisiogee lake, 28 miles; from\\nthence up the lake, by steam boat,\\nto Centre Harbor, 20 miles, and\\nfrom thence, to Crawford s, at the\\nbase of Mount Washington, as by\\nthe Concord route. Total distance,\\nby this route. 183 miles.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0490.jp2"}, "491": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThe Portland route, from Bos-\\nton, by steam boat and stage, is\\nanother very pleasant way to reach\\nthis niouniainous region. You\\nleave Boston in the evening, on\\nboard one of our beautiful, sea-\\nworthy steamers, and take an early\\nbreakfast, the next morning, at\\nour friend Haskell s, at the Elm\\nHouse, in Portland. The distance\\nfrom Boston to Portland is about 120\\nmiles but distance, in this case, is\\ngenerally lost in sleep. After\\nbreakfast you take the northern\\nstage, and passing through Gorham\\nand other towns, to Fryeburgh, you\\narrive at Conway, (the centre of all\\nthe eastern routes,) 57 miles from\\nPortland, and find excellent accom-\\nmodations for the night. The next\\nday you have ample time to go to\\nthe Crawford house, and to prepare\\nfor an aerial excursion the next\\nmorning. The distance from Bos-\\nton, in this way, is 211 miles. This\\nis the most expeditious route, and\\nhas the charms of both ocean and\\ninland scenery.\\nThe Connecticut River route, to\\nthe Crystal Hills, is full of\\nbeauty in almost all its course. You\\nleave Hartford and ascend one of\\nthe most delightful rivers in the\\nworld, to Littleton, N. H.,a dis-\\ntance of 1S8 miles. Some of this\\ndistance may be travelled by water,\\nbut the most agreeable mode of\\ntravelling is by land, on either\\nside of the river. As you pass\\nthe principal towns of Springfield,\\nNorthampton, Deerfield, Green-\\nfield, Brattleboro Walpole, Wind-\\nsor, Hanover, Norwich, Haverhill\\nand Newbury, you are charmed\\nwith all the varieties of scenery,\\nwhich elevated mountains, placid\\nand rapid waters, a wide, luxuriant\\nand densely populated alluvial basin\\ncan yield. The distance from Lit-\\ntleton through Bethlehem to Craw-\\nford s House is 18 miles. Total dis-\\ntance from Hartford, by this route,\\n206 miles.\\n40*\\nTlie Hudson River Route. Ex-\\ncursions to these mountains from\\nNew York by the Hudson river.\\nLake Champlain, and back by the\\nway of Boston or Hartford, affords\\nour southern and western friends\\na rich repast of New York and New\\nEngland scenery.\\nThe distances on the Hudson\\nfrom New York to Troy are given\\nunder Long Island Sound.\\nFrom Troy to the far famed Min-\\neral Springs, at Ballston and Sara-\\ntoga, is a pleasant ride, by the rail\\nroad. The distance to the former\\nis 2.5, and to the latter 32 miles.\\nThe distance from Albany to Sara-\\ntoga Springs, by the way of Sche-\\nnectady, is 36 miles.\\nThe waters of these springs have\\nlong been justly celebrated for their\\nmedicinal and exhilarating quali-\\nties and a vast number from all\\nparts of the United States, and even\\nfrom foreign countries, resort to\\nthem, either for health, or to join\\nthe gay and fashionable throng who\\nhold an annual festival around these\\nhygeian fountains.\\nThe accommodations at these\\nvillages, for the entertainment of\\nstrangers, are of the first order:\\nno expense seems to be spared to\\nrender them acceptable to their\\nnumerous visitants.\\nThese springs are numerous, but\\ngenerally contain the same fub-\\nstances, only in a greater or less\\nquantity. The most celebrated of\\nthem is the Congress, at Saratoga,\\nwhich has given, in analysis, 471,5\\ngrains muriate of soda; 178,4 3-4\\ncarbonate of lime 16,5 carbonate\\nof soda 3,3 1-2 carbonate of mag-\\nnesia, and 6,1 3-4 carbonate of iron,\\nto one gallon of water: carbonic\\nacid gas, 343 cubic inches. Tem-\\nperature through the year, 50\u00c2\u00b0 of\\nFarenheit.\\nA few miles east from Saratoga\\nvillage is Fish Creek, memorable\\nas the scene of the surrender of\\nBurgoyne s army, of 5,791 men,", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0491.jp2"}, "492": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nto the Americans, under General\\nGates, October 17, 1777.\\nFrom Troy to Whitehall, N. Y.,\\nis 70 miles by stage, and 72 by the\\nChamplain canal. In this distance\\nwe pass Beniis Heights, and forts\\nMiller, Edward, and Anne im-\\nportant stations during the revolu-\\ntionary war.\\nJVhitehall is at the southern ex-\\ntremity of lake Champlain, and at\\nthe junction of the canal with the\\nlake. This place is an important\\nlocation for trade on Lake Chain-\\nplain, and of an extensive tract of\\ncountry. The lake is navigable\\nhere for all classes of lake vessels\\nand from this place steam boats ply\\nalong the shores of this beautiful\\nlake to St. Johns in Lower Canada.\\nThis is a pleasant and flourishing\\ntown, and a great thoroughfare for\\ntravelers in the season of naviga-\\ntion. It is situated in the county\\nof Washington, and contains a pop-\\nulation of about 3,500.\\nAbout a dozen miles west from\\nWhitehall lays Lake George, cele-\\nbrated for the purity of its waters,\\nits enchanting island and mountain\\nscenery, its salmon trout, and above\\nall, for its history, as connected with\\nthe memory of our fathers in their\\nglorious struggle for liberty.\\nThis lake is about 35 miles in\\nlength, and averages about 2 miles\\nin breadth. It discharges its wa-\\nters into Lake Champlain, near the\\nruins of Ticonderoga, by an outlet\\nof 3 miles in length in which dis-\\ntance the fall is about 150 feet.\\nOn some of the islands in this\\nlake, crystals of quartz are found of\\nuncommon transparency and per-\\nfection of form.\\nRogers^ Rock, is on the west\\nside of the lake, near the outlet.\\nIt rises abruptly between 300 and\\n400 feet. It received its name\\nfrom a Major Rogers, who, to elude\\nhis Indian pursuers, deceived them\\nby asscending the rock, throwing\\nhis pack into the lake, and chang-\\ning his snow shoes heels foremost\\nthus inducing them to believe tha\\nhe had leaped into the lake.\\nThis is indeed one of the most\\nbeautiful and romantic sheets of\\nwater in the world.\\nFrom Whitehall to Burlington,\\nVermont, is 70 miles. On this\\nroute we pass the memorable for-\\ntresses of Ticonderoga and Crown\\nPoint; Mount Independence, and\\na great number of beautiful towns\\nwhich skirt the lake on each side.\\nOpposite to Charlotte, Vermont,\\n11 miles S. from Burlington, in the\\ntown of Essex, N. is Sj)lit\\nRock, a great natural curiosity.\\nTiiis rock projects into the lake 150\\nfeet. The point is separated from\\nthe main rock about 20 feet: it con-\\ntains about half an acre, and is cov-\\nered with trees. The height of the\\nrock, on each side of the opening,\\nis about 20 feet and appears to\\nhave been rent asunder by some\\ngreat convulsion.\\nFrom the beautiful town of Bur-\\nlington we cross the mountains to\\nMontpelier, situated in a delightful\\nvalley amid the hills. The distance\\nis 38 miles. On this route we tra/el\\nalong the romantic banks of the\\nWinooski we listen to the rushing\\nof its waters down its mountain\\ncourse view its foaming cataracts,\\nand stop to admire the wonderful\\nAssures and fantastic mechanism,\\nwhich, in the course of ages, that\\nstream has wrought, by its ceaseless\\ncurrent, amid these adamantine\\nhills.\\nFrom Montpelier we pass to Con-\\nnecticut river, and Littleton, N. H,,\\na distance of 40 miles, and from Lit-\\ntleton to the base of Mount Wash-\\nington, a distance of IS miles.\\nBy this route from the city of\\nNew York, the distance is 386\\nmiles from that city by the way\\nof Stonington, Providence, and the\\nnearest route from Boston, the dis-\\ntance is 383 miles. This route\\nmay be varied so as to enjoy the\\nbeauties of Winnepisiogee lake,\\nby leaving Troy, 150 miles, for", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0492.jp2"}, "493": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBennington, 30 miles, 180 Brat-\\ntleborough, 40\u00e2\u0080\u0094220; Keene,20\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\n240 Concord, 55\u00e2\u0080\u0094295 to the base\\nof the mountains, 106 total dis-\\ntance, 401 miles.\\nThese mountains are the highest\\nin New England and, if we except\\nthe Rocky mountains, whose height\\nhas not been ascertained, they are\\nthe most lofty of any in the United\\nStates. Their great elevation has\\nalways rendered them exceeding-\\nly interesting both to the aborigi-\\nnal inhabitants and to our ances-\\ntors. They were visited by Neal,\\nJocelyn, and Field as early as\\n1632 they gave romantic accounts\\nof their adventures, and of the ex-\\ntent and sublimity of the mountains.\\nThey called them the Crystal\\nHills.\\nSince that time this mountainous\\nregion has been repeatedly explor-\\ned by hunters and men of science.\\nTheir height has been a subject of\\nmuch speculation but from the\\nbest surveys, Mount Washington\\nis 6,234 feet above the level of the\\nsea. The following is the height\\nof the principal mountains above\\nConnecticut river at Lancaster,\\nto wit\\nMount Washington,\\nAdams,\\n5,850 feet.\\n5,383\\n5,281\\n5,039\\n4,932\\n4,470\\n4,339\\nJefferson,\\nMadison,\\nMonroe,\\nFranklin,\\nLa Fayette,\\nAlthough these mountains are 65\\nmiles distant from the ocean, their\\nsnow white summits are distinctly\\nvisible, in good weather, more than\\n50 miles from shore. Their ap-\\npearance at that distance is that of\\na silvery cloml skirting the horizon.\\nThe names here given are those\\ngenerally appropriated to the differ-\\nent summits. Mount Washington\\nis known by its superior elevation,\\nand by its being the southern of\\nthe three highest peaks. Mount\\nAdams is known by its sharp termi-\\nnating peak, and being the second\\nnorth of Washington. Jefferson\\nis situated between these two.\\nMadison is the eastern peak of\\nthe range. Monroe is the first to\\nthe south of Washington. Franklin\\nis the second south and is known by\\nits level surface. LaFayette is\\nknown by its conical shape, and be-\\ning the third south of Washington.\\nThe ascent to the summits of these\\nmountains, though fatiguing, is not\\ndangerous and the visitant is rich-\\nly rewarded for his labor and curi-\\nosity. In passing from the Notch\\nto the highest summit, the travel-\\nler crosses the summits of Mounts\\nLa Fayette, Franklin and Monroe.\\nIn accomplishing this, he must pass\\nthrough a forest, and cross several\\nravines. These are neither wide\\nnor deep, nor are they discovered at\\na great distance for the trees fill\\nthem up exactly even with the\\nmountain on each side, and their\\nbranches interlock with each other\\nin such a manner, that it is very\\ndifficult to pass through them, and\\nthey are so stiff and thick as almost\\nto support a man s weight. Mount\\nLa Fayette is easily ascended. Its\\ntop, to the extent of 5 or 6 acres,\\nis smooth, and gradually slopes\\naway in every direction from its\\ncentre. It even has a verdant ap-\\npearance, as it is every where cov-\\nered with short grass, which grows\\nin little tufts to the height of four\\nor five inches. Among these tufts,\\nmountain flowers are thinly scat-\\ntered, which add life and beauty to\\nthe scene. The prospect from this\\nsummit is beautiful to the N. the\\neye is dazzled with the splendor of\\nMount Washington; N. W. are\\nseen the settlements in Jefferson;\\nW. the courses of the Amonoosuck,\\nas though delineated on a map S.\\nW. the Moosehillock and Haystack\\nare discovered S. Chocorua peak\\nS. E. the settlements and moun-\\ntains in Bartlett; E. only dark\\nmountains and forests. On descend-\\ning this mountain, a small patch of\\nwater is found at its base from", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0493.jp2"}, "494": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nwhich the ascent is gradual to the\\nsummit of Mount Franklin. After\\ncrossing this mountain, you pass\\nover the east pinnacle of Mount\\nMonroe, and soon find yourself on\\na plain of some extent, at the foot\\nof Mount Washington. Here is a\\nfine resting-place, on the margin of\\na heautiful sheet of water, of an\\noval form, covering about 3-4 of an\\nacre. The waters are pleasant to\\nthe taste, and deep. Not a living\\ncreature is to be seen in the waters,\\nat this height on the hills nor do\\nvegetables of any kind grow in or\\naround them, to obscure the clear\\nrocky or gravelly bottom on which\\nthey rest. A small spring discharg-\\nes itself into this pond at its south-\\neast angle. Another pond, of about\\n2-3 its size, lies N. W. of this.\\nDirectly before you, the pinnacle\\nof Mount Washington rises with\\nmajestic grandeur, like an immense\\npyramid, or some vast Kremlin in\\nthis magnificent city of niountains.\\nThe pinnacle is elevated about 1,500\\nfeet a!)0ve the plain, and is compo-\\nsed principally of liuge rocks of\\ngranite and gneiss piled together,\\npresenting a variety of colors and\\nforms.\\nIn ascending, you must pass enor-\\nmous masses of loose stones but\\na walk of half an hour will gener-\\nally carry 5^ou to the summit. The\\nview from this point is wonderfully\\ngrand and picturesque. Innumer-\\nable mountains, lakes, ponds, riv-\\ners, towns and villages meet the de-\\nlighted eye, and the dim Atlantic\\nstretches its waters along the east-\\nern horizon. To the N. is seen the\\nlofty summits of Adams and Jeffer-\\nson and to the east a little detach-\\ned from the range stands Mount\\nMadison. ISIount Washington is\\nsupported on the N, by a high ridge,\\nwhich extends to Mount Jefferson\\non the N. E. by a large grassy plain,\\nterminating in a vast spur extend-\\ning far away in that direction E.\\nby a promontory, which breaks off\\nabruptly at St. Anthony s Nose S.\\nand S. E. by a grassy plain, in sum-\\nmer, of more than 40 acres. At\\nthe southeastern extremity of this\\nplain, a ridge commences, which\\nslopes gi-acefully away towards the\\nvale of the Saco; upon which at\\nshort distances from each other,\\narise rocks, resembling, in some\\nplaces, towers; in others, repre-\\nsenting the various orders of archi-\\ntecture.\\nIt would be vain in us to attempt\\na description of the varied wonders\\nwhich here astonish and delight the\\nbeholder. To those who have vis-\\nited these mountains, our descrip-\\ntions would be tame and unin-\\nteresting and he who has never\\nascended their hoary summits, can-\\nnot realize the extent and magnifi-\\ncence of the scene. These moun-\\ntains are decidedly of primitive\\nformation. Nothing of volcanic\\norigin has ever yet been discover-\\ned on the most diligent research.\\nThey have for ages, probably, ex-\\nhibited the same unvarying aspect.\\nNo minerals are here found of much\\nrarity or value. The rock which\\nmost abounds, is schistus, intermix-\\ned with greenstone, mica, granite\\nand gneiss. The three highest\\npeaks are composed entirely ot\\nfragments of rocks heaped together\\nin confusion, but pretty firmly fix-\\ned in their situations. These rocks\\nare an intermediate substance be-\\ntween gneiss and micaceous schis-\\ntus tliey are excessively rough\\nand coarse, and grey, almost black,\\nwith lichens. The mica in them is\\nabundant, of different colors, red,\\nblack, and limpid, and though some-\\ntimes several inches in diameter, yet\\nmost often irregularly stratified.\\nThe granite contains emerald, tour-\\nmaline, of which are found some\\nbeautiful specimens, and garnets,\\nbesides its proper constituents.\\nCrystals of quartz, pyrites, actin-\\note, jasper, porphyry, fluate of lime,\\nand magnetic iron ore, are some-\\ntimes obtained.\\nDuring 9 or 10 months of the", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0494.jp2"}, "495": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nyear, the summits of the mountains\\nare covered with snow and ice, giv-\\ning them a bright and dazzling ap-\\npearance. On every side are long\\nand winding gulleys, deepening in\\ntheir descent to the plains below.\\nHere some of the iinest riv-\\ners of New England originate.\\nThe Saco flows from the east side\\nof the mountains the branches of\\nthe Androscoggin from the north\\nthe Amonoosuck and other tributa-\\nries of the Connecticut from the\\nwest and the Pemigewasset from\\nthe south, its fountain being near\\nthat of the Saco. The sides of the\\nhills are in many parts covered with\\nsoil but this is very superficial in\\nall cases, and every spot, that can\\nbe reached by running water, is\\nleft destitute of every thing but\\nrocks and pebbles, of v,^hich like-\\nwise the river bottoms are exclu-\\nsively composed. In these cold\\nand elevated regions, the period for\\nthe growth of vegetables is ex-\\ntremely brief; the mourtains must\\nbe forever sterile. T.-oss and li-\\nchens may be found near the sum-\\nmits, but of meagre and scanty\\ngrowth looking as if they had\\nwandered from their proper zone\\nhelow, into these realms of barren\\ndesolation.\\nA visit of Mr. Vines to the White\\nMountains, described by Winthrop,\\nis worthy of notice. It was per-\\nformed in the month of August,\\n1642, by him in company with\\nThomas Gorges the deputy-gover-\\nnor. Darby Field, who v. as liv-\\ning at Exeter,1639, has the credit\\nof being the first traveller to these\\nmountains. His journey also is\\ndescribed by Winthrop, who says it\\nwas performed in the year 1632.\\nHe appears to have returned by\\nthe way of Saco. The report he\\nbrought, says Winthrop, of shin-\\ning stones, c. caused divers others\\nto travel thither, but they found\\nnothing worth their pains. Mr.\\nGorges and Mr. Vines, two of the\\nmagistrates of Sir F. Gorges prov-\\nince, went thither about the end of\\nthis month, (August.) They set\\nout, probably, a few days after the\\nreturn of Field, dazzled by visions\\nof diamonds and other precious\\nminerals, with which the fancy of\\nthis man had garnished his story.\\nThey went up Saco river in birch\\ncanoes, and that way they found it\\n90 miles to Pegwagget, an Indian\\ntown, but by land it is but 60. Up-\\non Saco river they found many\\nthousand acres of rich meadow, but\\nthere are 10 falls which hinder\\nboats, c. From the Indian town\\nthey went up hill (for the most\\npart) about 30 miles in woody lands,\\nthen they went about 7 or 8 miles\\nupon shattered rocks, without tree\\nor grass, very steep all the way.\\nAt the top is a plain about 3 or 4\\nmiles over, all shattered stones,\\nand upon that is another rock or\\nspire about a mile in height, and\\nabout an acre of ground at the top.\\nAt the top of the plain arise 4 great\\nrivers, each of them so much wa-\\nter at the first issue as would drive\\na mill Connecticut river from two\\nheads at the N. W. and S. W.,\\nwhich join in one about 60 miles\\noff; Saco river on the S. E. Am-\\nascoggin, which runs into Casco\\nbay, at the N. E. and the Ken-\\nnebeck at the N. by E. The\\nmountain runs east and west 30 or\\n40 miles, but the peak is above all\\nthe rest. They went and returned\\nin 15 days. This description of\\nthe mountains was probably com-\\nmunicated by Mr. Vines to Gov.\\nWinthrop. It conveys a very accu-\\nrate idea of them, as they now\\nstrike the traveller.\\nThe JVotchof the WJiite Moun-\\ntains, is a phrase appropriated to a\\nvery narrow defile, extending two\\nmiles in length between two huge\\ncliffs apparently rent asunder by\\nsome vast convulsion of nature\\nprobably that of the deluge. The\\nentrance of the chasm on the east\\nside, is formed by two rocks stand-", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0495.jp2"}, "496": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ning perpendicular at the distance of\\n22 feet from each other: one about\\n20 feet in height, the other about\\n12. The road from Lancaster to\\nPortland passes through this notch,\\nfollowing the course of the head\\nstream of the Saco.\\nThe scenery at this place is ex-\\nceedingly beautiful and grand. The\\nmountain, otherwise a continued\\nrange, is here cloven quite down\\nto its base, opening a passage for\\nthe waters of the Saco. The gap\\nis so narrow, that space has with dif-\\nficulty been found for the road.\\nAbout half a mile from the entrance\\nof the chasm is seen a most beau-\\ntiful cascade, issuing from a moun-\\ntain on the right, about 800 feet\\nabove the subjacent valley, and\\nabout 2 miles distant. The stream\\npasses over a series of rocks almost\\nperpendicular, with a course so lit-\\ntle broken as to preserve the ap-\\npearance of a uniform current, and\\nyet so far disturbed as to be per-\\nfectly white. This beautiful stream,\\nwhich passes down a stupendous\\nprecipice, is called by Dwight, the\\nSilver Cascade. It is pi-obably one\\nof the most beautiful in the world.\\nAt the distance of 3-4 of a mile\\nfrom the entrance of the chasm is\\na brook, called the Flume, which\\nfalls from a height of 240 or 250\\nfeet over three precipices down\\nthe two first in a single current,\\nand over the last in three, which\\nunite again at the bottom in a small\\nbasin formed by the hand of nature\\nin the rocks. The water is pure\\nand transparent, and it would be\\nimpossible for a brook of its size to\\nbe modelled into more diversified\\nor delightful forms.\\nIt is by no means strange that\\nthe unlettered Indian fancied these\\nregions to be the abodes of celes-\\ntial beings while the scholar, with-\\nout a stretch of fancy, in calling to\\nmind the mythology of Greece,\\nmight find here a fit place for the\\nassemblies and sports of the Dry-\\nads, Naiads and Oreades.\\nAvalanches or slides from the\\nmountains. On the 28th of Au-\\ngust, 1S2G, there occurred one of\\nthe most remarkable floods ever\\nknown in this mountainous region\\nand which was attended by the\\nawful calamity of the destruction\\nof a whole family, by an Avalan-\\nche or slide from the mountains.\\nThese Avalanches, as they are\\ntermed in Switzerland, are produced\\nby heavy rains they commence\\ngenerally near the highest limits\\nof vegetation on the mountains,\\nwhich, on some of them, is near\\ntheir summits the slides widening\\nand deepening in their downward\\ncourse, carrying along all the tiees,\\nshrubbery, loose rocks and earth\\nfrom their granite foundation. At\\ntbis time there were probably thou-\\nsands of acres reft from the sides of\\nthe mountains and carried to the\\nvalley in the Notch below.\\nThe house inhabited by Capt.\\nSamuel Willey and his family, stood\\non the w^esterly side of the road,\\nin the Notch, and a few rods distant\\nfiom the high bluff which rises\\nwith fearful rapidity to the height\\nof 2,000 feet. Adjoining was a\\nbarn and woodhouse in front, was\\na beautiful little meadow covered\\nwith crops, and the Saco passed\\nalong at the foot of the easterly pre-\\ncipice.\\nNearly in range of the house,\\na slide from the extreme point of\\nthe westerly hill came down in a\\ndeep and horrible mass to within\\nabout five rods of the dwelling,\\nwhere its course appears to have\\nbeen checked by a large block of\\ngranite, which, falling on a flat\\nsurface, backed the rolling mass for\\na moment, until it separated into\\ntwo streams, one of which rushed\\ndown by the north end of the house,\\ncrushing the barn, and spreading\\nitself over the meadow the other\\npassing down on the south side,\\nand swallowing up the unfortunate\\nbeings, who probably attempted to\\nfly to a shelter, which, it is said.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0496.jp2"}, "497": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER\\nhad been erected a few rods dis-\\ntant. This shelter, whatever it\\nmight have been, was completely\\noverwhelmed rocks weighing 10\\nto 50 tons being scattered about the\\nplace, and indeed in every direc-\\ntion, rendering escape utterly im-\\npossible. The house remained un-\\ntouched, though large stones and\\ntrunks of trees made fearful ap-\\nproaches to its walls, and the mov-\\ning mass, which separated behind\\nthe building, again united in its\\nfront! The house alone could\\nhave been their refuge from the\\nhorrible uproar around, the only\\nspot untouched by the crumbling\\nand consuming power of the storm.\\nThe family consisted of 9 per-\\nsons Capt. Willey, his wife, 5 chil-\\ndren, and two men by the names\\nof Nickerson and Allen.\\nTravelers visiting this section of\\ncountry, in autumn, will be gratified\\nwith the rich and varied beauties of\\nAutumnal foliage, common in this\\ncountry, but more particularly so\\nat the north and which is thus\\ndescribed by Dr. Dwight.\\nThe bosom of both ranges of\\nmountains was overspread, in all the\\ninferior regions, by a mixture of\\nevergreens, with trees, whose leaves\\nare deciduous. The annual foliage\\nhad been already changed by the\\nfrosts. Of the effects of this change\\nit is, perhaps, impossible for an in-\\nhabitant of Great Britain, as I have\\nbeen assured by several foreigners,\\nto form an adequate conception,\\nwithout visiting an American for-\\nest. When I was a youth, I re-\\nmar .v ^d, that Thompson had entire-\\nly oaiitted, in his seasons, this line\\npart of autumnal imagery. Upon\\nenquiring of an English gentlemiin,\\nthe probable cause of the omission,\\nhe informed ine, that no such scene-\\nry existed in Great Britain. In this\\ncountry it is often nmong the most\\nsplendid beauties of nature. All\\nthe leaves of trees, which are not\\nevergreens, are by the first severe\\nfrost changed from their verdure\\ntowards the perfection of that color,\\nwhich they are capable of ultimate-\\nly assuming, through yellow, or-\\nange, and red, to a pretty deep\\nbrown. As the frosts at!ects differ-\\nent trees, and the different leaves\\nof the same tree, in very different\\ndegrees a vast multitude of tinc-\\ntures are commonly found on those\\nof a single tree, and always on\\nthose of a grove or forest. These\\ncolors, also, in all their varieties\\nare generally full; and in many in-\\nstances are among the most exquis-\\nite, which are found in the regions\\nof nature. Different sorts of trees\\nare susceptible of different de-\\ngrees of this beauty. Among them\\nthe maple is preeminently distin-\\nguished by the prodigious varie-\\nties, the finish, beauty, and the in-\\ntense lustre, of its hues; varying\\nthrough all the dyes, between a rich\\ngreen and the most perfect crimson\\nor more definitely, the red of the\\nprismatic image.\\nWlxitiiig, Me.\\nWashington co. This town lies\\nat the head of Machias bay, and is\\nwatered by several ponds and a\\ngood mill stream. It lies 152 miles\\nE. N. E. from Augusta, and 6 N.\\nE. from M.ichias. Incorporated,\\n1825. Population, 1S37, 462.\\nWhiting, Vt.\\nAddison co. W^hiting lies 40\\nmiles S. W. from Montpelier, and\\n10 S. from Middlebury. It is\\nwashed on the eastern border by\\nOtter Creek, but is without any-\\nvaluable mill stream.\\nThis is a fine farming town the\\nsoil is composed partly of marl, and\\naffords excellent crops of grain and\\nhay about 7,000 sheep are kept\\nhere. Some years since fish were\\nintroduced fi-om the lake, to Otter\\nCreek, at this place, and have been\\nfound to multiply exceedingly.\\nWhiting \\\\va- first settled in 1772.\\nIt was named in honor of John", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0497.jp2"}, "498": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWhiting of Wrentham, Mass. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 653.\\n^^Iiitingliam, Vt\u00c2\u00bb\\nWindham co. Deerfield river\\npasses through this town and forms\\nconsiderable tracts of valuable in-\\ntervale. The surface of the up-\\nlands is diversified with a good\\nsoil for sheep, of which many are\\nkept.\\nSawdawga pond, in Whitingham,\\nis rather a cuiiosity. It is a hand-\\nsome sheet of water, covering\\nabout 500 acres. For many years\\npast earth has been forming over\\nits surface, and from 75 to 100 acres\\nof land now rise and fall with the\\nwaters of the pond.\\nAmong the first settlers of Ver-\\nmont, many remarkable instances of\\nlongevity and fecundity are found.\\nA Mr. Pike had 28 children 19\\nof whom were living a few j ears\\nsince the youngest aged 25 years.\\nMr. Benjamin Cook died in this\\ntown, a few years since, aged 106\\nyears. He had followed the busi-\\nness of shoemaking through life.\\nHe celebrated his hundredth birth\\nday by making a pair of shoes,\\nwithout the use of spectacles.\\nWhitingham was first settled in\\n1773. It lies 17 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Brattleborough, and 18 E. S.\\nE. from Bennington. Population,\\n1830, 1,477.\\nWickford Village, R. I.\\nSee JVorth Kingston.\\nWilbraham, Mass.\\nHampden co. Tlie people of\\nthis pleasant town are principally\\nemployed in agricultural pursuits,\\nand are remarkable for equality of\\nproperty. This town is watered\\nby the Chickopee and several of its\\nsmall tributaries. The surface is\\nagreeably diversified by hills and\\nvalleys, and the soil is well adapted\\nto agricultural and horticultural\\npursuits. The products of Wil-\\nbraham are numerous among oth-\\ners, the weight of 2,292 fleeces of\\nwool, sheared in this town in 1837,\\nwas 6,110 pounds, valued at $3,669.\\nThere are some manufactures in\\nthe town of boots, shoes, leather,\\nstraw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, wag-\\non?, .C.\\nThe Wesle3^an Academy, in\\nWilbraham,is an institution of great\\nvalue, and in high reputation. It\\nhas considerable funds, and about\\n240 scholars attend throughout the\\nyear. Scholars are received at this\\nseminary from ten years of age\\nand upwards. The annual cost to\\na scholar, for board and tuition, is\\nfrom $80 to $90. This institution\\nVv^as incorporated in 1S24, and is\\ngoverned by a board of trustees.\\nGreat excitement existed in this\\nquiet town and vicinity by the\\nmurder of Marcus Lyon, on the\\n9th of November, 1805. The mur-\\nder was committed by two foreign-\\ners, Halliganand Daley, who were\\nhanged at Northampton on the 5th\\nof June, 1806.\\nV/ilbraham lies 80 miles W. S.\\nW. from Boston, and 10 E. from\\nSpringfield. It was incorporated\\nin 1653. Population, 1837, 1,802.\\nWiliiains Rivers.\\nWilliams river, in Vermont, is\\nformed in Chester by the union of\\nthree considerable branches, which\\noriginate in small streams in the\\ntownships of Ludlow, Andover,\\nWindham, and Grafton. These\\nthree branches unite about a mile\\nand a half to the southeast of the\\ntwo villages in Chester, and their\\nunited waters, after running 15\\nmiles in a southeasterly direction,\\nfall into Connecticut river in Rock-\\ningham, three miles above Bellows\\nFalls. Along this stream is some\\nfine intervale, and it afibrds several\\ngood mill privileges. Williams\\nriver derives its name from the\\ncelebrated Rev. John Williams,\\nwho was taken by the Indians at\\nDeerfield, Mass., in 1704. and who.\\nat the mouth of this stream, preach-", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0498.jp2"}, "499": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\ned a sermon to his fellow captives.\\nWilliams river, in Massachu-\\nsetts. See West Stockbi idge.\\nWilliainsbiirgli, Me.\\nPiscataquis co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1S20. In 1834 the\\neasterly part of the town was set\\noff and called Barnard: this fact\\nwas unknown to the editor when\\nthe first pages of this edition were\\nprinted.\\nThe lands in Williamsburgh and\\nBarnard are undulating;, heavily\\nwooded, with a fertile soil. The\\npopulation of Williamshurgh, in\\n1837, was 120.\\nWilliamsburgh and Barnard are at\\npresent but thinly settled but in\\nconsequence of a vast body of slate\\nfor rooting houses and other purpo-\\nses being found within their limits,\\nthe lands within these towns must\\nenhance in value and increase in\\npopulation. These quarries are\\ncommon to both towns; they lie at\\nan elevation of from 150 to 200 feet\\nabove Pleasant river, a branch of\\nthe Penobscot, which passes their\\nnorthern and eastern borders, about\\ntwo miles distant.\\nThese quarries are inexhaustible\\nin quantity, and are stated to be\\nfully equal to the celebrated Welsh\\nslate. They are situated 40 miles\\nN. from Bangor; and, by the Ban-\\ngor and Piscataquis rail road, now\\nin operation to Orono and in pro-\\ngress from Orono to tliese quarries,\\nthe Bangor of the new world seems\\nlikely to become as celebrated for\\nits tine slate as the Bangor of the\\nold. See Barnard.\\n^Villiamsl iirgli, Mass.\\nHampshire co. The suiface of this\\ntown is elevated and uneven but\\nit is pleasant, and has a warm and\\nfei-tile soil. It is watered by a good\\nstream which meets the Connecti-\\ncut at Northampton. It lies 8 miles\\nN. W. from Northampton, and 100\\nW. from Boston. Incorporated in\\n1771. Population, 1837, 1,345.\\n41\\nThe manufactures ot the town\\nconsist of woolen cloth, (3 mills,)\\nboots, shoes, leather, hats, iron cast-\\ning!?, axes, gimlets, screw drivers,\\naugers, punches, bitts and bitt\\nstocks, flexible and japan buttons,\\nstocking yarn, and lather boxes\\nannual value, about ^200,000.\\nThe value of buttons, manufactur-\\ned the year ending April 1, 1837,\\nwas $102,500.\\nIn 1837, there were 2,815 sheep\\nsheared in this town, whose fleeces\\nweighed 8,362 pounds, and sold for\\n5,017.\\n^Villianistowii, Vt.\\nOrange co. This town lies on the\\nheight of land between Onion and\\nWhite rivers; 10 miles S. E. from\\nIMonipelier, and about the same dis-\\ntance N. Vv from Chelsea. Fii^t\\nsettled, 1784. Population, 1830,\\n1,487. This mountain town pro-\\nduces good crops of grain and hay.\\nIt pastures about 7,500 sheep.\\nThe Gulf Road, so called,\\nbetween Royalton and Montpelier,\\npasses through this town. This\\nmountain pass is some miles in\\nlength, wild and picturesque. The\\nmountains on each side of the gulf\\nare very high, and the sides are\\nso steep as to leave only a narrow\\npassage for the turnpike, and a\\no-urgling branch of White river on\\nthe south side, and of a branch of\\nOnion river on the north.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Williamstown, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This town is situ-\\nated in a large and fertile valley,\\nsurrounded by romantic elevations,\\nand watered by lioosack and Green\\nrivers. These beautiful streams\\nunite their hydraulic powers and\\nfertilizing qualities, to render this\\nremote valley a scene of compe-\\ntence and peace, and a delightful\\nretreat for the muses.\\nWilliamstown lies at the N. W.\\ncorner of the state, on the lines of\\nVermont and New York 135 miles\\nW, by N. from Boston, 27 N. fiom", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0499.jp2"}, "500": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nLenox, and 36 E. by N. fi om Al-\\nbany, N. Y. It was incorporated\\nin 1765. Population, 1837, 1,981.\\nThere are 1 cotton and 2 woolen\\nmills in the town, and manufactu-\\nres of potatoe starch, cabinet ware,\\nchairs, palm-leaf hats, shovels, hats,\\nleather, c. annual value about\\n$75,000.\\nThe number of sheep in this\\nflourishing agricultural town, in\\nthe year 1837, was 8,000 viz:\\n2,000 Saxony, 5,800 Merino, and\\n200 common. The fleeces of these\\nsheep weighed 23,200 lbs., and\\nsold for $13,965.\\nThe village in this town is de-\\nlightfully situated on a gentle rise\\nfrom the river. The buildings are\\ngenerally tastefully constructed and\\ncommand a great variety of superb\\nscenery. This town contains a te-\\npid spring, of some repute in cu-\\ntaneous diseases.\\nWilliams College, in this town,\\nIS handsomely located. It derived\\nits name from Col. Ephraim\\nWilliams, a native of Newton,\\nanJ a distinguished benefactor of\\nWilliamstown. Col. Williams was\\na man of talents, brave, witty, po-\\nlite and popular. He commanded\\nthe line of forts on the west side\\nof Connecticut river, in the French\\nand Indian wars from 1740 to 1748.\\nIn 1755, he received the command\\nof a regiment, and joined general\\nJohnson. He fell at the head of\\n1,200 men, near lake George, on the\\n8th of September of that year. Col.\\nWilliams, being a bachelor, gave\\nthe most of his estate for the estab-\\nlishment of a free grammar school\\nat this place. The school went in-\\nto operation in 1791, and in 17,93\\nthe legislature vested it with col-\\nlege privileges. See Register.\\nl\u00c2\u00a5illiitiantic Miver, Ct.\\nAlso Village, see Windham.\\nWiliiiigton, Ct.\\nTolland CO. This town was sold\\nby the Connecticut colonj. to Rog-\\ner Wolcott, Esq. and others, for\\n\u00c2\u00a3510, in the year 1720. It is about\\n7 miles in length, and 4^ in width\\nThere is an abundance of granite\\nin the town, and good ii-on ore.\\nThe surface is uneven and the soil\\nhard. The Wiilimantic and other\\nstreams give Willington some ex-\\ncellent mill pi-ivileges, some of\\nwhich are profitably improved.\\nThere are about 2,500 sheep in the\\ntown. Population, in 1830, 1,305.\\nIt is 24 miles N. E. from Hartford,\\nand bounded W. by Tolland.\\n^Villistoii, Vt.\\nChittenden co. This is an ex-\\ncellent farming town of a rich soil,\\nwith an uneven surface, but not\\nmountainous. It is very produc-\\ntive of all the varieties common to\\na northern climate its product of\\nwool, in 1837, was 9,225 fleeces.\\nWilliston is watered by Onion river,\\nand some smaller streams but its\\nwater power is small. It is 27 miles\\nW. N. W. from Iontpelier, and is\\nbounded on the W., by Burlington.\\nPopulation, 1830, 1,608.\\nThomas Chittenden was the\\nfatiier of this town. He came here\\nin 1774. He was a member of the\\nconvention, which, in 1777, declar-\\ned Vermont an independent state,\\nand was active in procuring its ad-\\nmission into the Union. When the\\nVermont Constitution was estab-\\nlished, in 1778, Mr. Chittenden was\\nselected as a candidate for gover-\\nnor to which office he was annu-\\nally elected, with the exception of\\none year, till his death in 1797. He\\nwas 67 years of age.\\nWilmington, Vt.\\nWindham co. The east and west\\nbranches of Deeriield river unite\\nin this town, which, with the waters\\nof Beaver and Cold brooks, and\\nof Ray s pond, a large and beauti-\\nful sheet of water; a valuable mill\\npower is produced. There are\\nsome fine tracts of lard in the town,\\nand a considerable portion that is", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0500.jp2"}, "501": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrough and hard to till. There are\\na number of mills of various kinds\\nin the town, and a pleasant and\\nthriving village.\\nWilmington was settled before\\nthe revolutionary war, but increas-\\ned but slowly until the peace. It\\nlies 46 miles S. S. W. from Wind-\\nsor, 14 S. W. from Newfane, and\\n17 E. from Bennington, Popula-\\ntion, 1830, 1,367.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Wilmington, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. The surface of\\nthis town is generally level, with a\\nlight and sandy soil. The wood is\\nchiefly pine, and much charcoal is\\nmade. This kind of soil, although\\nunfit for the generality of crops, is\\nwell adapted for the growth of\\nhops, of which large quantities, of\\na tine quality, are produced in\\nWilmington, and which frequently\\nafford the cultivator a large profit.\\nDuring the period of 32 years,\\n1806\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1S37, inclusive, there were\\ninspected at Charlestown, Mass.\\n76,860 bags of hops, weighing\\n16,167,182 lbs. The price varied\\nfrom 34 to 5 cents a pound. The\\nhighest price was in 1817, the low-\\nest, in 1819 average price, 13 1-5\\ncents. Total value, $2,169,430.\\nThe town is watered by a branch\\nof Ipswich river the Middlesex\\ncanal passes through it, and adds\\nmuch to the beauty of its scenery.\\nWilmington was incorporated in\\n1730. It is 14 miles N. N. AV.from\\nBoston, and 10 S. E. by E. from\\nLowell. Population, 1837, 795.\\n^Vilmot, K. H.\\nMerrimack co. Wilrnot is 30\\nmiles N. W. from Concord, and\\n87 from Boston. The streams form-\\ning Blackwater river have their ori-\\ngin in the vicinity of Wilrnot.\\nThey afford a number of good mill\\nseats. The 4th N. H. turnpike\\nfrom Concord to Hanover passes\\nthrough this town. It was made in\\n1803, through an entire forest, with-\\nout any inhabitants for 14 miles\\nabove, and about 6 miles below\\nWiimot. The land near the turn-\\npike appears rude and barren but\\nthe acclivities on either side are\\nsusceptible of cultivation. The\\ntown is composed of hills and val-\\nleys, presenting a rough surface.\\nThere are no large collections of\\nw^ater, nor any mountains, excepting\\nKearsarge, whose summit forms the\\nsouthern boundary. It was incor-\\nporated June IS, 1807. It receiv-\\ned its name in honor of Dr. Wiimot,\\nan Englishman, who, at one time,\\nwas supposed to be the author of\\nthe celebrated letters of Junius.\\nPopulation, 1830, 835.\\nWilson, Me.\\nThis town was incorporated in\\n1836, as township number 9 in\\nthe 9th range, north of the Waldo\\nPatent in the county of Somerset.\\nWe repeat, that but very little in-\\nformation respecting a town is gain-\\ned from its act of incorporation.\\nWe beg our friends Down East\\nto write to us.\\nW^ilton, Me.\\nFranklin co. This is one of the\\nmost flourishing agricultural town-\\nships in the state. It has a fertile\\nsoil, a beautiful surface, and two\\npleasant villages. It lies a little\\ndistance from Sandy river, 5 or 6\\nmiles S. W. from Farmington, and\\n38 W. N. W. from Augusta.\\nWilton has an adequate water\\npower for common purposes, pro-\\nduced by streams issuing from\\nbeautiful ponds in the town. The\\npeople are principally agricultural-\\nists, and tested their skill in that\\ndelightful pursuit, in 1837, by pro-\\nducing 11,071 bushels of good clean\\nwheat.\\nWilton was incorporated in 1803.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 1,140; 1837,\\n2,102.\\nAVilton, N. H.\\nHillsborough co. This town is\\nbounded S. by Mason, and W. by", "height": "3410", "width": "2064", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0501.jp2"}, "502": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nTemple. It is 9 miles W. by S.\\nfrom Amherst and .37 S. by W.\\nfrom Concord. Souhegan is the\\nprincipal river. Its main branch\\nenters this town near the S. W.\\ncorner and proceeds in a N. E.\\ncourse till it forms a junction with\\nseveral branches running from\\nLyndeborovgh and Temple. These\\nflow through the N. part, and are\\nsufficiently large for mill streams.\\nOn these streams are some valuable\\nmanu factures, and a pleasant village\\nhas sprung up within a few years.\\nThis town has neither mountains,\\nponds or swamps. It is in general\\nof strong and excellent soil. Good\\nclay is found in plenty near the\\nstreams. There are several quar-\\nries of excellent stone for splitting\\nand hewing. The first settlement\\nwas made in 1733, by 3 families\\nfrom Danvers, Mass., 2 by the\\nname of Putnam, and 1 by the name\\nof Dale. Hannah, the daughter\\nof Ephraim Putnam, was the first\\nchild born in town. The town\\nwas incorporated June 25, 1762,\\nand derived its name from Wilton,\\nan ancient borough in Wiltshire,\\nEngland. A distressing accident\\noccurred in raising the second\\nmeeting house, September 7, 1773.\\nThe frame fell, and three men were\\ninstantly killed two died of their\\nwounds soon afterward, and a num-\\nber of others were badly injured.\\nOn July 20, 1804, the same meet-\\ning house was struck by lightning\\nand considerably shattered. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,039.\\nWilton, Ct.\\nFairfield co. Wilton was taken\\nfrom the north part of Norwalk, in\\n1802. The surface of the town is\\nbroken by two ridges of hills, but\\nthe soil is a gravelly loam and pro-\\nductive of grain and a great variety\\nof fruit. Agriculture is the prin-\\ncipal business of the inhabitants.\\nThe town is watered by Norwalk\\nriver, and has a satinet factory\\nand other mechanical operations by\\nwater. A classical school, of hioh\\nreputation, was established here in\\n1818, by Hawley Olmstead, Esq.\\nThis school is worth a million of\\nthe silver mines that were discov-\\nered and worked in this town dur-\\ning the revolutionary war. Wilton\\nlies 34 miles W. S. W. from New\\nHaven, and 6 N. from Norwalk.\\nPopulation, 1330, 2,095.\\n\\\\\u00c2\u00a5iiiclieiidoii, Mass.\\nWorcester co. This town was\\nincorporated in 1764. It is 60 miles\\nN. W. by W. from Boston, and 34\\nN. N. W. from Worcester. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 1,463; 1837,1,802.\\nThe surface of the town is uneven\\nand rocky, with a strong soil, which,\\nwhen subdued, is quite productive\\nof grain, grass and fruit trees.\\nThere are fine quarries of granite\\nin the town and a spi-ing tinctured\\nwith iron and sulphur, but which\\nis less visited tlian formerly. Mil-\\nler s river rises in this town and\\nAshburnham, and affords conven-\\nient mill seats. There are 2 pleas-\\nant villages in the town, a cotton\\nmill, a woolen mill, and manufac-\\ntures of cotton and wool bobbins,\\nleather, palm-leaf hats, chairs, cab-\\ninet and wooden wares annual\\nvalue, exclusive of cotton goods,\\nabout $100,000.\\nTinder Warner, N. H., we gave\\nan account of a frightful tornado in\\nthat and the neighboring towns in\\n1821. It appears that this part of\\nthe country was visited by a simi-\\nlar desolation, at the same time,\\nmore than 40 miles distant. A\\nWorcester paper thus describes it\\nAbout 6 o clock, Sunday even-\\ning, September 9th, a black and\\nterrific cloud appeared a little south\\nof the centre of Northfield, Frank-\\nlin county, nearly in the form of a\\npjM-amid reversed, moving very rap-\\nidly and with a terrible noise. In its\\nprogress it swept away or prostrat-\\ned all the trees, fences, stone walls,\\nand buildings which came with-", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0502.jp2"}, "503": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nin its vortex, which in some places\\nwas not more than 20 rods and in\\nothers 40 or 50. It passed from\\nNorthfteld through Warwick and\\nOrange, to the southwesterly part\\nof Royalston, where its force was\\nbroken by Tully Mountain. Its path\\nwas strewed for the distance of 25\\nmiles, through the towns of Royals-\\nton, Winchendon, Ashburnham and\\nFitchburg, with fragments of build-\\nings, sheaves of grain, bundles of\\ncorn stalks, clothing, .c.\\nSeveral persons were killed\\nand wounded, numerous houses,\\nbarns, c. deinoiished, and many\\ndomestic animals, in the track of the\\ntornado, were destroyed. Large\\ntrees were taken 200 feet into the\\nair, and logs which would require\\n4 oxen to remove them were swept\\nout of the bed of Tully river where\\nthey had lain for more than half a\\nccnturj\\\\ The ground was torn up\\nfrom the river to the mountain,\\nabout 40 rods, from 1 foot to 6 feet\\ndeep. The surface of the earth\\nwas broken throughout the whole\\ncourse of the whirlwind, as with\\nthe ploughshare of destruction.\\nStones of many hundred pounds\\nweight, were rolled fro;n their beds.\\nLots of wood were whirled into\\npromiscuous heaps, with roots and\\ntops, and top? and roots. The ap-\\npearance presented by the track of\\nthe u hirlwind, indicated, as near as\\nthe writer can judge from actual in-\\nspection, that the form of the cloud,\\nand the body of air in motion, was\\nthat of an inverted pyratnid, draw-\\ning whatever came within its in-\\nfluence towards the centre of mo-\\ntion.\\nWiiiclie^ter, N. H.\\nCheshire co. This pleasant town\\nis bounded N. by Swanzey and\\nCheiteriield, E. by Riclituond, V*\\nby Hinsdale, and S. by Massachu-\\nsetts line. It lies 1 miles S. W.\\nfrom Keene, 65 S. W. from Con-\\ncord, 80 \\\\V. from Boston, SON. from\\nHartford, Ct., and 12 E. from Brat-\\n41*\\ntlebo Vt. Population, 1837, 2,500.\\nTlie face of this town is diversified\\nwith hills and valleys. The soil is\\nof an excellent quality, furnishing\\nin abundance, all the agricultural\\nproducts natural to this section of\\nthe country. Ashuelot river pass-\\nes through the centre of this town,\\naffording a number of mill privi-\\nleges, and is bordered on each bank\\nby extensive intervales, of a fer-\\ntility rarely excelled.\\nThere are other small streams run-\\nning in various directions through\\nthe town, affording facilities for wa-\\nter power.\\nThe centre village is on the S.\\nE. bank of the Ashuelot, and the\\nprincipal street, running parallel\\nwith its border, has a number of\\ndwelling houses, with stores and\\nshops, 3 meetinghouses, an elegant\\ndistrict school house, saw and grist\\nmills, shops for turning wood and\\niron, an extensive establishment\\nfor the manufacture of musical in-\\nstruments of all kinds, and 2 organ\\nmanufactories; and, at the lower\\nend, the street is adorned with a\\nbeautiful row of native ever-green\\ntrees, which extends nearly half a\\nmile.\\nTwo miles west is another con-\\nsiderable village, containing 1 large\\nwoolen factory, 1 cotton factory, 1\\nsatinet factory, saw, grist and oil\\nmills, two furnaces, together with\\nshop?, stores, meeting houses, .c.\\nIn the S. E. part of the town\\nthere are saw mills, grist mills,\\nclothier s works, and 1 satinet fac-\\ntory.\\nThis town was sacked by the In-\\ndians, and the inhabitants taken\\nprisoners or driven off in 1745 or 6,\\nand did not return under about 5\\nyears to resume the settlement of\\nthe place. The former name of the\\ntown was Arlington, and it was in-\\ncorporated by its present name in\\n1753.\\nVViiiclxcster, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. Winchester was", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0503.jp2"}, "504": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nincorporated in 1771. Population,\\n1830, 1,76G. The geological char-\\nacter of the town is primitive the\\nrocks consisting of granite, mica\\nslate, c. The soil is gravelly,\\nhard and coarse it affords good\\ngrazing, and its products of butter,\\ncheese and wool are considerable.\\nThe Borough of Clifton was in-\\ncorporated in 1832. It is a flour-\\nishing village, consisting of about\\nsixty or seventy dwelling houses,\\nand 4 mercantile stores. The vil-\\nlage is principally built in a nar-\\nrow valley, on the banks of a mill\\nstream, called Mad river, which is\\na tributary of Farmington river.\\nThe valley at this place is but bare-\\nly of sufficient width to admit of a\\nstreet, with buildings on each side,\\nthe ground rising immediately in\\nevery direction. Westward of the\\nmain street in the vill age, a road\\npasses up a steep hill for nearly a\\nquarter of a mile, where, upon an\\nelevated plain, is an interesting lake\\nor pond, which is one of the largest\\nbodies of water in the state, being\\n3 1-2 miles in length and 3-4 of a\\nmile in breadth. The outlet of\\nthis lake presents a novel scene\\nit consists of a small stream, com-\\npressed within a narrow channel,\\nand literally tossed from rock to\\nrock till it unites with Mad liver.\\nMost of the manufacturing estab-\\nlishments in the village are situa-\\nted on this outlet, upon which there\\narts some of the best natural sites\\nfor hydraulic works in the state.\\nIn this village are four large scythe\\nfactories, one machine shop, and\\nfive forges. The ore to supply\\nthese forges is brought from Ca-\\nnaan, Kent and Salisbury.\\nWinsted, or ihe East village, is\\nvery pleasant, and contains a large\\nwoolen mill, an extensive clock\\nfactory, an iron foundry, and an\\naxe factory. This village is 26\\nmiles N. W. from Hartford, 49 N.\\nby W. from New Haven, and 17 N.\\nby E. from Litchfield.\\nWinchester lies within the ev-\\nergreen district, so named fror\\nthe forests of hemlock and othe\\nevergreen trees with which i\\nabounds. These Green Woods\\npresent one of the most impressive\\nscenes which can be found in an\\nAmerican forest. The branches\\nof the trees are thickly covered\\nwith a deep green foliage, closely\\ninterwoven overhead, nearly exclu-\\nding the light of the sun. The\\nscene forcibly reminds the con-\\ntemplative traveler of the words of\\nThomson, in his celebrated hymn\\nOh, ta k of Him in solitary glooms\\nWhere, o er Ihe rock ihe scarcely waving pine\\nFills the brown shaJe with a religious awe.\\nWiiidl ani, Me.\\nCumberland co. Windham lies\\non the N. E. side of Presumpscut\\nriver, which separates it from Gor-\\nham. It is 76 miles S. W. from\\nAugusta, and 14 N. N. W. from\\nPortland. This is a valuable farm-\\ning town, and the inhabitants are\\nprincipally employed in agricul-\\nture. Branches of the Presump-\\nscut give the town good mill priv-\\nileges. There are 2 pleasant vil-\\nlages in the town, some manufac-\\ntures, and several beautiful fish\\nponds. Population, 1837, 2,207.\\nWindliam, N. II.\\nRockingham co. This town is\\n34 miles S. by E. from Concord,\\nand 45 W. S. W. from Portsmouth.\\nPolicy pond lies in this town and\\nSalem, about one half in each.\\nCabot s pond lies E. of the centre\\nof the town. Golden pond is in\\nthe south, and Mitchel s in the\\nnortheast part of the town. Bea-\\nver river or brook forms the W.\\nboundary, upon which are some\\nmeadow lands. The town is also\\nwell supplied with small streams.\\nWindham was originally a part\\nof Londonderry and was detached\\nond incorporated in 1739. The in-\\nhabitants, principally derived from\\nthe first settlers of Londonderry,\\nhave firmly adhered to the religious", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0504.jp2"}, "505": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nprinciples of their fathers, to the\\ndoctrines and forms of the presby-\\nterian church as originally estab-\\nlished in Scotland, and administer-\\ned in this country. Population,\\n1830, 993.\\nAVindliaiu County, Vt.\\nJVewfane is the shire town.\\nThis county is bounded N. by Wind-\\nsor county; E. by Connecticut riv-\\ner S. by the state of Massachu-\\nsetts, and W. by the county of Ben-\\nnington. It contains an area of\\nabout 780 square miles. Popula-\\ntion, 1810, 26,760; 1820, 28,457;\\n1S30, 23,748. Incorporated, 1789.\\nFor some years it bore the name of\\nCumberland. Population to a square\\nmile, 37.\\nThe surface of the county is\\nmuch broken by hills and valleys\\nthe western part is very elevated,\\nand contains a part of the Green\\nMountain range. The geological\\ncharacter of the county is primi-\\ntive. Immense quantities of gran-\\nite are found in all parts of the\\ncounty, both in quarries and bould-\\ners, most of which is of fine grain\\nand very handsome. It also con-\\ntains gneiss, hornblende, serpen-\\ntine, primitive limestone, and mi-\\nca, talcose, chlorite, and argellite\\nslates.\\nThe soil of the county is various\\nfrom the rich and alluvial meadows\\non the Connecticut, to the cold and\\nrugged lands on the sides of the\\nmountains. The general character\\nof the soil may be considered as\\ntolerable for grain and excellent\\nfor grazing. In 1837, there were\\n76,532 sheep in the county. Some\\nof the wool is of a fine quality, but\\ngenerally it is about half blood.\\nWindham county is finely wa-\\ntered by Williams Saxton s, and\\nWest rivers, with their branches,\\nand by numerous other streams.\\nThese waters give the county a\\ngreat hydraulic power, which is\\nrapidly coming into use for man-\\nufacturing purposes.\\nAViudliam, Vt.\\nWindham CO. Branches of West,\\nWilliams and Saxton s rivers give\\nthis town a good water power. The\\nsurface of the town is elevated\\nthe soil, though strong, is better\\nadapted for grazing than tillage.\\nAbout 4,000 sheep are kept here.\\nWindham was formerly a part of\\nLondonderry. It is 30 miles N.\\nE. from Bennington, and 25 S. W.\\nfiom Windsor. Population, 1830,\\n847.\\nThe actynolite embedded in talc,\\nis found in this town, in slender\\nfour sided prisms of a leak green\\ncolor. The crystals vary in size\\nsome are six inches in length and\\nan inch in breadth. These crys-\\ntals are abundant. Chlorite, gar-\\nnets, serpentine, and steatite are\\nalso found.\\nWinclliani County, Ct.\\nBrooklyn is the county town.\\nThis county is uniformly hilly,\\nyet no part of it is mountainous or\\nvery elevated. The prevailing soil\\nis a primitive gravelly loam. The\\ngreatest portion of the county is\\nstony and considerably rough, and\\nthe lands generally best adapted for\\ngrazing, and many sections afford\\nsome of the richest dairy farms in\\nthe state. The Quinnebaug and\\nShetucket, with their branches,\\nintersect this county, and afford\\nmany valuable water privileges for\\nmills and manufacturing purposes.\\nThe valley of the Quinnebaug riv-\\ner comprises the best land in the\\ncounty. The inliabitants of this\\ncounty are more extensively enga-\\nged in the manufacturing business\\nthan in any other county in the\\nstate. Cotton and woolen goods\\nare the principal articles manufac-\\ntured.\\nWindham county originally be-\\nlonged to the counties of Hartford\\nand New London. It was incorpo-\\nrated as a county in May, 1726.\\nThis county is bounded N. by", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0505.jp2"}, "506": {"fulltext": "NEVf ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw\\nMassachusetts; E. by Rhode Isl-\\nand S. by the county of New\\nLondon, and W. by ToHand county.\\nIt contains aa area of about 620\\nsquare miles. Population, ISIO,\\n28,611; 1820,31,634; 1330,27,077.\\nPopulation to a square mile, 44.\\nIn 1837, there were 26,017 sheep\\nin Windham county.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Wiiidliaui, Ct.\\nWindham co. The territory of\\nthis town, Mansfield and Canter-\\nbury, was given by Joshua, a son of\\nUncas, the celebrated Mohegan\\nsachem, to John Mason, James\\nFitch and others, in the year 1675.\\nLieut. John Caies, a pious pu-\\nritan, who served in the wars in\\nEngland, holding his commission\\nunder Cromwell, wlien Charles II.\\ncame to the throne, fled to this\\ncountry for safety. He landed first\\nin Virginia, where he procured a\\nnegro servant to attend him. But\\nwhen advertisements and pursuers\\nwere spread through this country, to\\napprehend the adherents of the Pro-\\ntector, he left yirgi!ua,came to New\\nYork, and from thence to Nor-\\nwich. Still feeling that he should\\nbe securer in a more retired place,\\nhe came to this new plantation, dug\\nthe first cellar, and with his servant,\\nraised in Windham the first Eng-\\nlish habitation, in the spring of\\n1639. The settlers, rapidly increas-\\ning, petitioned the general court,\\nand obtained a grant of town privi-\\nleges in May, 1692. It was made\\na county town in May, 1726.\\nWindham is bounded N. by the\\ntowns of Hampton, Chaplin and\\nMansfield E. by Franklin and\\nLisbon, and W. by Lebanon and\\nColumbia. It contains an area of\\nabout 8 by 6 miles. It has an\\nuneven surface, with a tolerable\\nsoil.\\nThe following is a copy of the\\nInscription on Lieutenant Gates\\nmonument, in the village burying\\nground.\\nIn\\nmemory of\\nMr. John Gates.\\nHe was a gentleman born\\nin England,\\nand the first setteiler in the\\nTown of Windham.\\nBv his last\\nWill and Testament,\\nhe gave a\\ngenerous Legacy\\nto ye first\\nCJiurch of Christ in\\nWindham,\\nin plate, and a generous\\nLegacy in Land\\nfor ye support of ye Poor,\\nand another\\nLegacy for ye support\\nof ye School\\nin said town for ever.\\nHe died\\nin Windliam,\\nJuly ye IGth, A. D.\\n1697.\\nSince the removal of the county\\ncourts from this place to Brooklyn,\\nand the establishment of the vil-\\nlage of Willimantic, the ancient\\nvillage of Windham has somewhat\\ndeclined in its trade and population.\\nIt is pleasantly located, compactly\\nand neatly built, and contains the\\ncharm of antiquity, in as great per-\\nfection as can probably be found in\\nNew England. This village is 30\\nmiles E. from Hartford, 14 N. by\\nW. from Norwich, 44 W. S. W.\\nfrom Providence, R. I., and 12 S.\\nW. from Brooklyn. Population of\\nthe town, 1820,2,439; 1830,2,812.\\nThe Borough of Willimantic\\nis 3 miles W. from ^Vindham vil-\\nlage. It is well situated on Willi-\\nmantic river: it is built principally\\non one street, and contains some\\nvery handsome buildings. In this\\nvillage are six cotton mills, con-\\ntaining 13,000 spindles a paper\\nmill and a satinet factory. This\\nnourishing village has grown up\\nin the course of a few years. The\\npopulation of this borough, in 1837,\\nwas 2,000.\\nJVillimantic River rises in tlie\\ncounty of Tolland, and with the", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0506.jp2"}, "507": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEEPw\\nNatchaug, forms the Shetucket in\\nWindham.\\nMuch pleasantry, says Mr.\\nBarber, has been indulged at the\\nexpense of the inhabitants of Wind-\\nham, on account of a sinjxular oc-\\ncurrence vvliich happened in the\\nyear 175S, by which the inhabit-\\nants were very much frightened.\\nThere is probably some exaggera-\\ntion in the account, though the\\nfoundation of the story is believed\\nto be a matter of fact. We copy\\nit as an amusing relic.\\nOn a dark, cloudy, dismal night\\nin the month of July, A. D. 175S,\\nthe inhabitants of V\u00c2\u00bb indham, a small\\ntown in the eastern part of Con-\\nnecticut, had retired to rest, and\\nfor several hours, all were wrapped\\nin profound repose when sudden-\\nly, soon after midnight, the slum-\\nbers of the peaceful inhabitants\\nwere disturbed by a most terrilic\\nnoise in the sky right over their\\nheads, which to manj seemed the\\nyells and screeches of infuriated\\nIndians, and others had no other\\nway of accounting for the awful\\nsounds, which still kept increasing,\\nbut by supposing the day of judg-\\nment had certainly come and to\\ntheir terrified imaginations, the aw-\\nful uproar in the air seemed the\\nimmediate precursor of the clangor\\nof the last trumpet. At intervals,\\nmany supposed they could distin-\\nguish the calling out of paticu-\\nlar names, as of Colonels Dyer\\nand Elderkin, two eminent law-\\nyers, and this increased the general\\nterror. But soon there was a rush\\nfrom every house, the tumult in\\nthe air still increasing old and\\nyoung, male and female, poured\\nforth into the streets, in puris\\nnaturalibus,^^ entirely forgetful, in\\ntheir hurry and consternation, of\\ntheir nether habiliments, and with\\neyes upturned tried to pierce tlie\\nalmost palpable darkness. Some\\ndaring spirits, concluding there\\nwas nothing supernatural in the\\nhubbub and uproar over head, but\\nrather, that they heard the yells\\nof Indians commencing a midnight\\nattack, loaded their guns and sal-\\nlied forth to meet the invading\\nfoes. These valiant heroes, on\\nascending the hill that bounds the\\nvillage on the east, perceived that\\nthe sounds came from that quarter,\\nand not from the skies, as first be-\\nlieved, but their courage would not\\npermit them to proceed to the dar-\\ning extremity of advancing east-\\nward, until they had discovered the\\nreal cause of alarm and distress,\\nwhich pervaded the whole village.\\nTowards morning the sounds in the\\nair seemed to die away. In the\\nmorning, the whole cause of alarm,\\nwhich produced such distressing\\napprehensions among the good peo-\\nple of the town, was apparent to\\nall who took the trouble to go to a\\ncertain mill pond, situated about\\nthree fourths of a mile eastward of\\nthe village. This pond, hereafter,\\nin the annals of Fame, forever to\\nbe called the Frog Pond, in conse-\\nquence of a severe drought, which\\nhad prevailed many weeks, had be-\\ncome nearly dry, and the Bull Frogs\\n(by which it was densely j^ojju-\\nlated) at the mill fought a pitched\\nbattle on the sides of the ditch\\nwhich ran through it, for the pos-\\nsession and enjoyment of the fluid\\nwhich remained. Long and ob-\\nstinately was the contest maintain-\\ned and many thousands of the\\ncombatants were found defunct, on\\nboth sides of the ditch, the next\\nmorning. It had been uncommon-\\nly still, for several hours before the\\nbattle commenced, but suddenly,\\nas if by a preconcerted agreement,\\nevery frog on one side of the ditch,\\nraised the war cry, Col. Dyer, Col.\\nDyer, and at the same instant, from\\nthe opposite side, resounded the\\nadverse shout of Elderkin too, El-\\nderkin too. Owing to some pecu-\\nliar state of the atmosphere, the\\nawful noises and cries appeared to\\nthe distressed Windhamites to be\\ndirectly over their heads.", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0507.jp2"}, "508": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWindsor, Me.\\nKennebec co. Windsor was in-\\ncorporated by tbe name of JVIalta,\\nin 1809. In 1S21 it took the name\\nof Gerry, and in 1822 it received\\nits present name. It lies 12 miles\\nfrom Augusta, by which it is bound-\\ned on the west. Population, 1837,\\n1,660. Wheat crop, same year,\\n5,947 bushels.\\nThis town is watered by the up-\\nper branches of Sheepscot river,\\nand by several handsome ponds.\\nThe surface of the town is diversi-\\nfied the soil is generally good, and\\nits agricultural condition improv-\\ning. There are some manufactures\\nin the town.\\nWindsor, W. H.\\nHillsborough co. This town con-\\ntains only 5,JJ35 acres. It is diver-\\nsified with hills its soil is strong,\\ngood for grazing, and for bread stufis,\\nof which quantities sufficient for use\\nat home, and some for the markets\\nare raised. Black pond, near the\\ncentre, is said to be 160 rods long\\nand SO broad and one near the S.\\nE. corner of the town, is about\\nSO rods long and 40 wide,\\nWindsor was formerly called\\nCa7n} )h\u00e2\u0082\u00aclVs Gore. It was incorpo-\\nrated with town privileges in 1798.\\nPopulation, 1830, 226.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^?yindsor Comity, Vt.\\nWoodstock is the county town.\\nThis county is bounded N. by the\\ncounty of Orange, E. by Connecti-\\ncut river, S. by Windham county,\\nand W. by Rutland and a part of\\nAddison counties. It contains an\\narea of about 900 square miles.\\nPopulation, 1810, 34,877 1820,\\n38,233; 1830, 40,625: population\\nto a square mile, 48. Incorporated\\nin 1781.\\nWindsor county is watered bj^\\nWhite, Queechy, Black, West and\\nWilliams rivers, and by other ex-\\ncellent mill streams. The surface\\nof the county is uneven, and in\\nsome parts mountainous, but gen\\nerally, it is not too elevated to ad-\\nmit of cultivation. The soil pro-\\nduces fine crops of grain, hay, veg-\\netables and fruits the lands are\\npeculiarly adapted for grazing, and\\nabout 200,000 sheep graze on its\\nvaried surface of hills and valleys\\nThe beautiful Connecticut, which\\nwashes its whole eastern boundary,\\ngives to this county large tracts of\\nalluvial meadow land, and aftbids\\nit a navigable channel to the sea\\nboard, for its surplus productions,\\nand for its wants from abroad.\\nThe hydraulic power of Windsor\\ncounty is verj^ large, and its local\\nposition is such as to induce men of\\nenterprize and capital to embark in\\nmanufacturing operations, which\\nare annually increasing with fair\\nprospects of success.\\nWindsor, Vt.\\nWindsor co. Windsor was first\\nsettled in 1764. Its surface is un-\\neven, but there are but few parts\\nof it unfit for cultivation. It con-\\ntains large tracts of alluvial mead-\\now, and the uplands are generally\\nfertile. Mill brook waters the\\nsouth part of the town, and fur-\\nnishes it with excellent mill sites.\\nThe manufactures of the town are\\nnumerous and valuable. The ag-\\nricultural interests are also valu-\\nable 10,000 sheep are annually\\nsheared in the town, and many\\nneat cattle, horses and productions\\nof the dairy are annually transpor-\\nted to its various markets.\\nThis town has become the cen-\\ntre of an important commerce, both\\nfrom the river and a fertile interior\\ncountry. The favorable position\\nof Windsor, as a place of trade,\\nwas early discovered, and it has\\nbeen fortunate in possessing a suc-\\ncession of men, who, by their en-\\nterprise and wealth, have rendered\\nit one of the most flourishing towns\\non Connecticut river.\\nWindsor is situated on the west\\nside of that delightful river, 55", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0508.jp2"}, "509": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nmiles S. by E. from Montpelier,\\n105 N. W. from Boston, 55 N. E.\\nfrom Bennington, 95 S. S. W. from\\nBurlington, and 127 miles above\\nHartford, Ct. Population, in 1820,\\n2,956 1S30, 3,134.\\nThe village of Windsor is on el-\\nevated ground, on the bank of the\\nriver: it is couipactly, and some-\\nwhat irregularly built, but very\\nbeautiful. There are but few vil-\\nlages in our country which make a\\nmore delightful appearance. It\\ncontains a great number of hand-\\nsome dwelling houses and stores.\\nSome of the private houses, church-\\nes and other public buildings are in\\na style of superior elegance. This\\nis the site of the Vermont State\\nprison. The streets are wide and\\nbeautifully shaded. The scenery\\naround Windsor is highly pictur-\\nesque from the high lands across\\nthe river, in Cornish, which is uni-\\nted to Windsor by a bridge, or on\\nthe Ascutney at the south part of\\nthe town, some of the best land-\\nscapes in our country are presen-\\nted to view.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Windsor, Mass.\\nBerkshire co. This town is situa-\\nted on the ridge of hiirh lands which\\ndivides the waters of the Hous-\\natonick and Connecticut. Branch-\\nes of the Housatonick and West-\\nfield rivers rise here. There are\\nsome good fish ponds in the town,\\nbut no important streams. The\\nsurface of the town is much brok-\\nen, but the soil is warm and linely\\nadapted for grazing. Thei-e ai-o\\nsome excellent farmers in Windsor,\\nand the productions of the dairy\\nand of cattle are considerable. In\\n1837, there were 7,157 sheep in\\nthe town, principally of the Saxo-\\nny and Merino breeds. Their woo!\\nweighed 21,3S7 lbs., and sold for\\n$10,521. This town is remarka-\\nble for the longevity of its inhab-\\nitants which is doubtless owing to\\nthe purity of its air and water.\\nWindsor contains beds of serpen-\\ntine and soapstone. It is 117 miles\\nW. by N. from Boston, 18 N. N. E.\\nfrom Lenox, and J 2 E. N. E. from\\nPittsfield. Incorporated in 1771.\\nPopulation, 1837, 887.\\nWindsor, Ct.\\nHartford co. This most ancient\\ntown in Connecticut is situated on\\nthe west side of Connecticut river,\\n6 miles N. from Hartford. Popu-\\nlation, 1830, 3,220. The surface\\nof the town is generally level, hav-\\ning some extensive plains. The\\nsoil is various, and free from stone\\nsome of it is light, but a large pro-\\nportion of it is fertile, containing\\nextensive tracts of rich meadow.\\nFarmington river passes through\\nthe town, and meeting the Con-\\nnecticut, gives the town a good hy-\\ndraulic power.\\nThere are in Windsor 4 paper\\nmills, 2 manufactories of cotton\\nbatting, and factories of satinet,\\nKentucky jean, wire, ccc. Tlie\\nbusiness in these manufacturing\\nestablishments is very considerable.\\nAt a place called Pine Aleadow, at\\nthe commencement of the locks on\\nthe Enfield canal, a variety of ship\\nand other timber is prepared for\\nmaiket. Pine Meadow is opposite\\nto Warehouse Point, in East Wind-\\nsor.\\nThe centre village in Windsor is\\npleasant!} extended on the banks of\\nthe Connecticut it is weU built,\\nv. ell sliaded, and commands de-\\nlightful prospects.\\nPoqiionnuck village is a few\\nmiles N. from the centre. It is a\\nmanufacturing village, delightfully\\nsituated at the head of navigation\\non Farmington river.\\nIn 1631, Wahquimacut, an Indi-\\nan sachem, living near Connecticut\\nriver, made a journey to Plymouth\\nand Boston, and earnestly entreat-\\ned the governors of each of the\\ncolonies to send men to make set-\\ntlements on the river. He repre-\\nsented the fruitfulness of the coun-\\ntry, and promised the English, that", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0509.jp2"}, "510": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nif they would make a settlement, he\\nwould annually supply them with\\ncorn, and give them eighty beaver\\nskins,\\nThe governor of Massachusetts,\\nalthough he treated the sachem\\nand his company with generosity,\\np^id no attention to his pi-oposals.\\nMr. Winslow, the governor of\\nPlymouth, judged it worthy of at-\\ntention. It seems that soon after\\nthat, he went into Connecticut, and\\ndiscovered the river and the adja-\\ncent parts. It appeared that the\\nearnestness with which the sachem\\nsolicited the English to make set-\\ntlements on the river, originated\\nfrom the distressed state of the riv-\\ner Indians. Pekoath, the great sa-\\nchem of the Pequots, was at war\\nwith them and driving them from\\nthe country, and they imagined\\nthat if the English made settle-\\nments on the river, they would as-\\nsist them in defending tiiemselves\\nagainst their too powerful enemies.\\nGovernor Winslow of Plymouth,\\nheing pleased with the appearance\\nof the country, having vinted it,\\nthe Plymouth people made prepar-\\nations for erecting a trading house,\\nand establishing a small company\\nupon the river. In 1G33, ^Villiam\\nHolmes, with his associates, having\\nprepared the frame of a house, with\\nboards and materials for covering it\\nimmediately, put them on board of\\na vessel and sailed for Connecticut.\\nHolmes landed and erected his\\nhouse a little below the mouth of\\nFarmington river, in Windsor. The\\nhouse was covered with the utmost\\ndispatch, and fortified with palisa-\\ndoes. The Plymouth people pur-\\nchased of the Indians the land on\\nwhich they erected their house.\\nThis, governor Wolcott says, was\\nthe first house erected in Connecti-\\ncut.\\nIn June, 1634, the Dutch sent\\nJacob Van Curter to purchase lands\\non the Connecticut. He made a\\npurchase of about twenty acres at\\nHartford, of Nepuquash, a Pequot\\ncaptain, on the 25th of October\\nCurter protested against Hohnes,\\nthe builder of the Plymouth house.\\nSome time afterwards, the Dutch\\ngovernor. Van Twiller, of Fort\\nAmsterdam, sent a reinforcement\\nto Connecticut, in order to di-ive\\nHolmes from the river. A party\\nof seventy men under arms, with\\nbanners displayed, assaulted the\\nPlymouth house, but they found it\\nso well fortified, and the men who\\nkept it so vigilant and determined,\\nthat it could not be taken witho\\\\it\\nbloodshed. They therefore came\\nto a parley, and finally returned in\\npeace.\\nA number of Mr. Wareham s\\npeople came, in the summer of 1635,\\nto Connecticut, and made prepara-\\ntions to bring their families and\\nmake a permanent settlement. Af-\\nter having made such preparations\\nas they judged necessary, they be-\\ngan to remove their families and\\npro])erty. On the 15th of October,\\nabout sixty men, women and chil-\\ndren, with their horses, cattle and\\nswine, commenced their journey\\nfrom Massachusetts, through the\\nwilderness, to Connecticut river.\\nAfter a tedious and dithcultjourney,\\nthrough swamps and rivers, over\\nmountains and rough grounds, which\\nwere passed with great difficulty\\nand fatigue, they arrived safely at\\nthe places of their respective des-\\ntination. They were so long on\\ntheir journey, and so much time\\nand pains were spent in passing the\\nriver, and in getting over their\\ncattle, that after all their exertions,\\nwinter came upon them before they\\nwere prepared.\\nAbout the beginning of Decem-\\nber, provisions generally failed in\\nthe settlements on the river, and\\nfamine and death looked the in-\\nhabitants in the face. In their dis-\\ntress, some of them in this severe\\nseason attempted to go through the\\nwilderness to the nearest settlement\\nin Massacliusetts. A company of\\nthirteen, who made the attempt.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0510.jp2"}, "511": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nlost one of their number, Avho, in\\npassing a river, fell through the\\nice and was drowned. The other\\ntwelve were ten days on their jour-\\nney, and had they not received as-\\nsistance from the Indians, would\\nall have perished. Such was the\\ngeneral distress by the 3d and 4th\\nof December, that a considerable\\npart of the settlers w^ere obliged to\\nleave their habitations. Seventy\\npersons, men, women and children,\\nwere obliged, in the severity of\\nwinter, to go down to the mouth of\\nthe river to meet their provisions, as\\nthe only expedient to preserve their\\nlives. Not meeting the vessels\\nwhich they expected, they all went\\non board of the Rebecca, a vessel\\nof about 60 tons. This vessel, two\\ndays before, was frozen in, twentj\\nmiles up the river but by the fall-\\ning of a small rain, and the influ-\\nence of the tide, the ice became so\\nbroken, that she made a shift to get\\nout. She however ran upon the\\nbar, and the people were forced to\\nunlade her to get her off. She was\\nreladed, and in five days reached\\nBoston. Had it not been for these\\nprovidential circumstances, the peo-\\nple must have perished from fam-\\nine.\\nThe people who remained and\\nkept their stations on the river, suf-\\nfered in an extreme degree. After\\nall the help they were able to ob-\\ntain, by hunting and from the In-\\ndians, they were obliged to subsist\\non acorns, malt and grains. The\\ncattle, which could not be got over\\nthe river before winter, lived by\\nbrowsing in the woods and mead-\\nows. They wintered as well, or\\nbetter, than those that were brought\\nover, and for which all the provis-\\nion was made, and care taken, of\\nwhich the settlers were capable.\\nA great number of the cattle, how-\\never, perished. The Dorchester\\nor Windsor people lost, in this spe-\\ncies of property, about two hun-\\ndred pounds sterling. Upon the\\nbreaking up of winter, and during\\n42\\nthe summer following, the settlers\\ncame in large companies, and the\\nsettlements at Windsor, Hartford\\nand Wethersfield were firmly es-\\ntablished.\\nThe first of the four following\\nepitaphs is supposed to be the most\\nancient monumental inscription in\\nthe state.\\nHeere\\nlyeth Ephraim Hvit,\\nsometimes\\nTeacher to ye chvrch of\\nWindsor, who\\ndied September 4th,\\n1644.\\nWho when hee lived wee drew ovr vilall breath,\\nWho when hee d.ed liis dyiii^ was ovr death,\\nWho was ye stay of s ate, ye chviches staff,\\nAlas, tlie lliiies forbid an epitaph.\\nHere\\nvnder lyeth the body of\\nHenry Wolcot,\\nsometimes\\naMaiestrate of this Ivrisdiction,\\nwho died ye 30th day\\nof May,\\nAnno Salvtis 1G55,\\niEtatis 77.\\nHere lyeth\\nthe body of the\\nHon. Roojer Wolcott, Esq.\\nof Windsor, who\\nfor several\\nyears was Governor of the\\nColony of\\nConnecticut, died\\nMay 17th,\\nAnno Salutis 1767,\\niEtatis 89.\\nEarth s hishesf station enrfs in Here he lies\\nAud dust to dust concludes her noblest soiig.\\nTo the memory of Oliver Ellstoorth,\\nLL. D., an assistant in the Council, and\\na judge of the Superior Court of the\\nState of Connecticut. A member of the\\nConvention which formed, and of the\\nState Convention of Connecticut,\\nwhich adopted the Constitution of the\\nU. States. Senator and Chief Justice\\nof the U. States one of the Envoys\\nextraordinary and Minister Plenipo-\\ntentiary, who made the convention of\\n1800 between the U. Slates and the\\nFrench Republic. Amiable and exem-\\nplarv in all the relations of the domes-\\ntic, social and christian character.", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0511.jp2"}, "512": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPre-eminently useful in all the offices\\nhe sustained, whose great talents un-\\nder the guidance of inflexible integrity,\\nconsummate wisdom, and enlightened\\nzeal, placed him among the tirst of the\\nillustrious statesmen who achieved and\\nestablished the independence of the\\nAmerican Republic, Born at Windsor\\nApril 2yth, 1745, and died Nov. 26,\\n1807.\\nThe ancient boundaries of Wind-\\nsor extended 46 miles in circum-\\nference, lying on both sides of the\\nriver. Within these limits there\\nwere ten distinct Indian tribes cr\\nsovereignties. In the year 1670\\nthere was a large Indian fortress\\nat Windsor, and nineteen natives to\\none Englishman but another race\\nhas arisen\\nThe chiefs of other days are de-\\nparted.\\nThey have gone without their fame.\\nThe people are like the waves of the\\nocean\\nLike the leaves of woody Morven,\\nThey pass away in the rustling blast,\\nAnd other leaves lift their green heads\\non high.\\n^Viiiliall, Vt.\\nBennington co. W^inhall is\\nbounded on the W. by Manches-\\nter, and is 33 miles S. W. from\\nWindsor. This town was charter-\\ned in 1761, and its settlement com-\\nmenced during the revolutionary\\nwar. Population, 1830, 571. The\\nsurface is rough, and the soil not\\nvery productive.\\nWinhall River rises in this town\\nand atTords it a good water power.\\nIt passes through a part of Jamaica,\\nand joins West river in Londonder-\\nry-\\nWiniiepisiogec lialce, N. H.\\nThis lake possesses singular\\ncharms. However romantic and\\nbeautiful Lake George, the charm-\\ner of all travelers, appears in its\\nelevation, the purity of its waters,\\nits depth, its rapid outlet, its 365\\nislands which bespangle its bosom,\\nits mountain scenery, its fish, its\\nmineralogy still in all, but its his-\\ntoric fame, it has a rival at the east,\\nin the Winnepisiogee of New\\nHampshire.\\nThere are more than forty differ-\\nent ways of spelling the name of\\nthis lake. It was formerly written\\nas though it had six syllables; but\\nthe pronunciation which has gener-\\nally obtained with those best ac-\\nquainted with the region of the\\nlake, and the Indian pronunciation\\nof the name, was Win-ne-pe-\\nsock-e. The following authorities\\nshow this\\nWinnapusseakit Sherman and\\nInce s Report, 1652.\\nWinnipesocket Bartlett s Narra-\\ntive, 1708.\\nTVinnipissocay: Penhallow s Wars,\\n1726.\\nTVinaposaivgue Canterbury char-\\nter, 1727.\\nWlnncpissocay Petition, 1733.\\nWmnipeshoky Petition, 1744.\\nTVinnej^esocket Stevens Journal,\\n1746.\\nWinepesocky Surveyor Clement,\\n1746.\\nWinipiseoce: Theodore Atkinson,\\n1746.\\nWinnepesacket Governor Shir-\\nley, 1747.\\nJVinipesockee Bryant s Journal,\\n1747.\\nWinnapessocket Map of New\\nHampshire, 1750.\\nWinipisoky Hon. George Boyd,\\n17S5.\\nWinnepisiogee The present mode\\nof spelling, pronounced JVini-\\npisoky, or Win-ne-pe-sock-e.\\nThis lake is situated in the coun-\\nty of Strafford. Its form is very\\nirregular. At the west end it is\\ndivided into three large bays on\\nthe north is a fourth and at the\\neast end there are three others.\\nIts general course is from N. W.\\nto S. E. its length is about 22\\nmiles, and it varies in width from\\none to ten miles. This lake is en-\\nvironed by the pleasant towns of\\nMoultonborough, Tuftonborough,", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0512.jp2"}, "513": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWolfeboroiis;h, Centre Harbor, Mer-\\nedith, Gilford, and Alton, and over-\\nlooked by other deligtful towns.\\nThe waters of the Winnepisiogee\\nare remarkably pure, and its depth\\nin some places is said to be unfath-\\nomable. Its sources are principally\\nfrom springs within its bosom. Its\\noutlet is the rapid river of its own\\nname. Its height above the level\\nof the sea is 472 feet. It is stored\\nwith a great variety of excellent\\nfish: in the summer season, steam\\nboats, sloops and smaller vessels\\nply on its waters, and in the win-\\nter season it presents an icy ex-\\npansion of great usefulness and\\nbeauty.\\nLike Cisco bay and Lake George,\\nthis lake is said to contain 3G5\\nislands. Without supposing the\\ndays of the year to have been con-\\nsulted on the subject, the number\\nIS very great several of which\\ncomprise farms of from 200 to 500\\nacres.\\nThe beauties of this lake were\\nthus described, by the celebrated\\nDr. Dwight, many years ago.\\nThe prospect of this lake, and\\nits environs, is enchanting; and its\\nbeauties are seen with great advan-\\ntage from a delightful elevation a\\nlittle distance from the road towards\\nPlymouth. The day was remarka-\\nbly line. Not a breath disturbed\\nthe leaves, or rutfled the surface\\nof the waters. The sky was se-\\nrene and beautiful. The sun shone\\nwith a soft and elegant lustre;\\nsuch as seems peculiar to that de-\\nlightful weather, which from the\\n20th of September to the 20th of\\nOctober, so often elicits from the\\nmouths of mankind the epithet of\\ncharming. Mildness tempered the\\nheat and serenity hushed the\\nworld into universal quiet. The\\nWinnepisiogee was an immense\\nfield of glass silvered by the lus-\\ntre which floated on its surface.\\nIts borders, now in full view, now\\ndimly retiring from the eye, were\\nformed by those flowing lines,\\nthose masterly sweeps of nature,\\nfrom which art has derived all its\\napprehensions of ease and grace\\nalternated at the same time by the\\nintrusion of points, by turns rough\\nand bold, or marked with the high-\\nest elegance of figure. In the\\ncentre a noble channel spread\\ntwenty-two miles before the eye,\\nuninterrupted even by a bush or a\\nrock. On both sides of this avenue\\na train of islands arranged them-\\nselves, as if to adorn it with the\\nfinish, which could be given only\\nby their glowing verdure, and\\ngraceful forms.\\nNor is this lake less distinguish-\\ned by its suite of hills, and moun-\\ntains. On the northwest ascends a\\nremarkably beautiful eminence,\\ncalled the Red Mountain limited\\nevery where by circular lines, and\\nin the proper sense elegant in its\\nfigure beyond any other mountain,\\namong the multitude, which I have\\nexamined. On the south ascends\\nMount Major; a ridge, of a bolder\\naspect, and loftier height. At a\\nstill greater distance in the south-\\neast rises another mountain, more\\nobscure and misty presenting its\\nloftiest summit, of an exactly semi-\\ncircular form, directly at the foot\\nof the channel above mentioned,\\nand terminating the watery vista\\nbetween the islands, by which it i?\\nbordered, in a magnificent manner.\\nOn the northeast the great Ossipee\\nraises its long chain of summits\\nwith a bold sublimity, and proudly\\nlooks down on all the surrounding\\nregion.\\nAs we did not cross the Winne-\\npisiogee, I am unable to determine\\nin what manner an excursion on its\\nwaters might be compared with\\nthat which I made on Lake George.\\nThat the internal and successive\\nbeauties of the Winnepisiogee\\nstrongly resemble, and nearly ap-\\nproach those of Lake George, I can-\\nnot entertain a doubt. That tliey\\nexceed them seems scarcely credi-\\nble. But the prospect from the hill", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0513.jp2"}, "514": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nat the head of Centre Harbor is\\nmuch superior to that from Fort\\nGeorge; a fact of which hardly\\nany thing could have convinced\\nme, except the testimony of my\\nown eyes. The Winnepisiogee\\npresents a field of at least twice\\nthe extent. The islands in view\\nare more numerous of finer forms,\\nand more happily arranged. The\\nshores are not inferior. The ex-\\npansion is far more magnificent;\\nand the grandeur of the mountains,\\nparticularly of the Great Ossipee,\\ncan scarcely be rivalled. It can-\\nnot be remarked without some sur-\\nprise, that Lake Geoi-ge is annually\\nvisited by people from the coast of\\nNew England and that the Win-\\nnepisiogee, notwithstanding all its\\naccumulation of splendor and ele-\\ngance, is almost as much unknown\\nto the inhabitants of this country,\\nas if it lay on the eastern side of\\nthe Caspian. See Centre Harbor.\\nWinnepisiogee River, W. H.,\\nIs the great outlet to the lake of\\nthat name and issues from the\\nsouthwest arm of the lake. It\\nthence passes through two bays\\nbetween Meredith and Gilford, en-\\ntering the Great Bay in the north-\\neast part of Sanbornton, From\\nthence it passes through two other\\nbays, forming the boundary between\\nSanbornton on the northwest, and\\nGilmanton and Northfield on the\\nsoutheast; and unites with the\\nPemigewasset a short distance be-\\nlow Webster s falls. The stream\\nis rapid in its course, and has a fall\\nof 232 feet from the lake to its\\njunction with the other branch of\\nthe Merrimack this name being\\ngiven to the confluent stream.\\nThere are numerous bridges over\\nthe Winnepisiogee which also\\nfurnishes many excellent privileges\\nfor factories or other machinery.\\nSee Merrimack River.\\nWinuicut River, W. H.,\\nOr the TVinniconett, a tributary\\nof the Piscataqua, rises in a swamp\\nbetween Hampton and N. Hamp-\\nton, and passes north into the Great\\nBay at Greenland.\\nWiuoosldl City, Vt.\\nSee Burlington.\\nWinslovr, Me.\\nKennebec co. This is a beauti-\\nful town, opposite to Waterville it\\nis watered by Kennebec and Sebas-\\nticook rivers, by several ponds, and\\nby a fine stream, a branch of the\\nSebasticook. Its water power is\\nconstant and abundant. The soil\\nof the town is fertile the surface\\nis diversified, and rendered pro-\\nductive by industrious and indepen-\\ndent farmers. Winslow is 18 miles\\nN. by E. from Augusta. It was\\nincorporated in 1771. Population,\\nin 1837, 1,557. Wheat crop, same\\nyear, 6,910 bushels.\\nWintlirop, Me.\\nKennebec CO. This town is fine-\\nly situated, having a fertile soil, an\\nundulating surface, and comprising\\nsix beautiful sheets of water the\\nCobbessecontee and some of its trib-\\nutaries. The largest of these lakes\\nor ponds is ten miles in length, and\\nfrom one to three miles in width.\\nThese waters give to Winthrop a\\nvaluable water power, and which is\\npartly improved by a large cotton\\nmill, a flour mill, carding and cloth\\ndressing establishments, saw mills,\\n.C. There are also in the town\\nextensive manufactures of leather,\\nboots and shoes.\\nThe principal village is delight-\\nfully located, in the form of a cres-\\ncent, at the union of the North\\nlake, extending into Readfield,\\nabout six miles, with the South lake\\nextending into Monmouth, about\\nthe same distance. This village is\\n10 miles W. from Augusta. The\\nEast village likewise is pleasantly\\nsituated at the northern extremity\\nof the large lake, and is about 6\\nmiles from Augusta.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0514.jp2"}, "515": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nThese villages are neatly built,\\nand are nourishing places of busi-\\nness. The lakes add mucJi to the\\nbeauty of the town. The descent\\nof their banks is gently sloping,\\nwith a dispersion of acclivities,\\nwhich serve to heighten the beauty\\nof the scenery their waters are\\ndeep, clear, and ai e stocked with\\nan abundance of trout, pickerel,\\nperch, and other fish.\\nThere is in this town an elevated\\ntract of land containing an inex-\\nhaustible quantity of iron ore, or the\\nmaterial from which copperas is\\nmanufactured. Large quantities\\nof copperas were made here during\\nthe late war, and it is thought that\\nthis ore might be advantageously\\nused in times of peace.\\nWinthrop is an excellent farming\\ntown, and the moral character of\\nits inhabitants is said to be uncom-\\nmonly good. It was incorporated\\nin 1771. Population, 1837, 2,003.\\nWheat crop, same year, 5,194 bush-\\nels.\\nWiscasset, Mc.\\nLincoln co. Shire town. Wis-\\ncasset is a port of entry, situated\\non the west side of Sheepscot riv-\\ner, 20 miles from the sea 24 miles\\nS. S. E. from Augusta, 42 N. E.\\nfrom Portland, and 10 N. E. from\\nBath. It was incorporated in 1760.\\nPopulation, 1837, 2,24G.\\nWiscasset contains a noble har-\\nbor for vessels of the largest class\\nit is easy of access and seldom ob-\\nstructed by ice. For many years\\nprevious to the commencement of\\nthe commercial restrictions, in 1807,\\nWiscasset was one of the most ac-\\ntive and flourishing sea ports in\\nMaine. During the disastrous pe-\\nriod which followed, Wiscasset suf-\\nfered severely, in common with all\\ntowns largely engaged in naviga-\\ntion.\\nSince the termination of the war\\nthe town has been slowly but safely\\nprogressing in wealth and prosperi-\\nty. In addition to its commerce in\\n42*\\nlumber and ship building, this\\nplace is largely and profitably en-\\ngaged in the fisbery, for which pur-\\nsuit it is admirably located. The\\ntonnage of this district in 1837, was\\n11,662 tons.\\nThe village of Wiscasset is de-\\nlightfully situated on rising ground,\\nin view of the harbor. The court\\nhouse, churches, stores, and dwell-\\ning houses are built with taste, and\\nmany of them with elegance. A\\nmore beautiful village is rarely\\nseen.\\nWoburn, Mass.\\nMiddlesex co. This town is sit-\\nuated 10 miles N. W. by N. from\\nBoston, 12 E. by N. from Concord,\\nand 14 W. from Salem. It was\\nincorporated in 1642, and first set-\\ntled in 1640. Population, 1830,\\n1,977; 18.37, 2,643.\\nThere are some elevations in Wo-\\nburn which give the surface a vari-\\negated and pleasing aspect. There\\nis considerable wood land in the\\ntown, and some pine plain land;\\nbut the soil is generally strong,\\nfertile and well improved. It con-\\ntains some beautiful farms.\\nThe manufactures of the town\\nconsist of leather, boots, shoes, in-\\ndia rubber, chairs, door sashes,\\nblinds, tin, cabinet and wooden\\nwares total value, the year end-\\ning April, 1, 1837, $421,042.\\nHorn Pond in this town is a de-\\nlightful sheet of water, surrounded\\nby evergeens, and is so remarkable\\nfor its rural beauties as to attract\\nmany visitors from a distance. This\\npond serves as a passage for the\\nMiddlesex canal it also furnishes\\nthe town with a water power of\\nsome value. The waters of this\\nand several smaller ponds in Wo-\\nburn fall into Mystic river, through\\nMystic pond in Medford.\\nWolcott, Vt.\\nLamoille co. Wolcott is well\\nwatered by Lamoille river, and by\\nGreen and Wild Branch, its branch-", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0515.jp2"}, "516": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\n63. Fish Pond, in Wolcott, is a\\npretty piece of water, and bears\\nan appropriate name. There is\\nsome good grain land in the town,\\nbut most of the lands are fit only\\nfor pasturage. There are some\\nmills in the town, and about 1,500\\nsheep.\\nWolcott was chartered in 17S1.\\nIt is 22 miles N. from Montpelier,\\nand 7 S. E. from Hyde Park. Pop-\\nulation, 1830, 492.\\nWolcott, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. This is a small\\ntown, watered by abranchof Nau-\\ngatuck river 22 miles N. from\\nNew Haven. Population, 1830,\\n843. The town was incorporated\\nin 1796. The territory was former-\\nly a parish in the towns of Far-\\nmington and Waterbury and from\\nthat circumstance was called Far-\\nmingbury. The lands in Wol-\\ncott are elevated, rough, stony, and\\nhard to cultivate. One of the\\nhighest hills in this part of the\\nstate lies in this town it commands\\na very extended prospect of Long\\nIsland Sound and the adjacent\\ncountry.\\nWolcottville, Ct.\\nSee Torrington.\\nWolfeljoroiigli, N. H.\\nStrafford co. This town is 45\\nmiles N. N. W. from Portsmouth,\\nand 45 N. E. from Concord. It is\\nbounded S. E. by Brookfield and\\nNew Durham, S. W. by Winne-\\npisiogee lake and Alton, N. E. by\\nOssipee, and N. W. by Tuftonbo-\\nrough.\\nThe soil is rocky, but produc-\\ntive, and the face of the country\\nlevel. The wood is principally oak\\nand other hard timber. The only\\nriver is Smith s, so called from a\\nhunter of that name it issues from\\na large pond of the same name in\\nthe S. E. part of the town, and\\ndischarges its waters into the lake.\\nThere are four other ponds of con-\\nsiderable magnitude, called Crook\\ned, Rust s, Barton s, and Sargent s\\nponds. There is a bridge over\\nSmith s river about 60 feet long,\\nnear its entrance into the lake\\nNear this bridge is a pleasant vil\\nlage.\\nThe charter of Wolfeborough\\nwas granted in 1770, to Gov. John\\nWentworth, Mark H. Wentworth\\nand others. Gov. Wentworth, dis-\\ntinguished for his enterprise and\\ntaste, and a fondness for agricultural\\nimprovements, erected a splendid\\nmansion about 5 miles east of the\\nbridge, and made it his summer\\nresidence.\\nAt the foot of a hill, near one of\\nthe ponds in this town, is a miner-\\nal spring, the waters of which are\\nof a quality similar to those of Sara-\\ntoga, but not so strongly impregna-\\nted. Population, 1830, 1,928.\\nWouasquatucket River, R. I.\\nProvidence co. This river rises\\nin Smithfield, and after passing\\nnearly through that town, it runs\\nbetween North Providence and\\nJohnston, and forms the head of\\nProvidence river. This stream is\\ncelebrated for its hydraulic power\\nand the numerous manufacturing\\nestablishments erected on its banks.\\nWoodljridge, Ct.\\nNew Haven co. The territory\\nof this town belonged to the towns\\nof New Haven and Milford, and\\nwas called the parish of Amity,\\nfrom 1739, until its incorporation in\\n1784. West river runs on the west\\nside of West Rock, a range of moun-\\ntains on the eastern border of the\\ntown. The surface of the town is\\nhilly, but the soil is excellent for\\ngrazing, and much butter and\\ncheese is annually taken to the\\nNew Haven market, from which it\\nlies 6 miles S. W. Population, in\\n1830, 844.\\nThe regicides, Goffe and Whal-\\nley, had a number of places of con-\\ncealment in the limits of Wood-", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0516.jp2"}, "517": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nbridge, the most noted of which is\\nHatchet Harbor or the Lodge, near\\na beautiful spring, in a valley, about\\n7 miles from New Haven.\\nWoodbury, Vt.\\nWashington co. Woodbury is\\nwatered by branches of Onion and\\nLamoille rivers, and contains a\\ngreater number of ponds than any\\nother town in the state. These\\nponds afibrd a great variety of fish.\\nWoodbury lies 15 miles N. by E.\\nfrom Montpelier. Population, 1800,\\n23; 1820,432; 1830,824.\\nAVoodljury, Ct.\\nLitchfield co. The settlement\\nof this town commenced in the\\nyear 1672 in 1674, it was incorpo-\\nrated.\\nThis is a good grazing township\\nthe soil is generally warm and fer-\\ntile. Between four and five thou-\\nsand sheep are annually sheared in\\nWoodbury.\\nThe village is situated in a pleas-\\nant valley, and watered by a num-\\nber of small streams, which foim\\nthe Pomperaug. It is surrounded\\nby high hills on every side, forming\\na kind of amphitheatre, which ren-\\nders it strikingly romantic. The\\nvillage contains some handsome\\nbuildings, three satinet, one tin and\\ntwo nail factories. This place lies\\n25 miles N. W. from New Haven,\\n36 W. S. W. from Hartford, and 15\\nS. from Litchfield. Population, in\\n1830, 2,049.\\nBethel Rock, near the village of\\nWoodbury, is about forty feet in\\nheight, and projects over 3 or 4\\nfeet, forming a kind of shelter from\\nthe wind and rain. There is a fine\\ngrove near it. This spot is fre-\\nquently visited it excites solemn\\nand pleasing impressions.\\nWoodford, Vt.\\nBennington co. This mountain\\nlown is 7 miles E. from Benning-\\nton, on the road to Brattleborough.\\nPopulation, 1830, 395.\\nWoodford contains several large\\nponds, from which issue branches\\nof Woloomsack and Deerfield liv-\\ners. There is a good deal of Avild\\nscenery on the road in crossing the\\nmountains from Bennington through\\nWoodford and Searsburt-h: the\\ngurgling of the streams down the\\nmountain sides, allay, in a great\\ndegree, the fatigue of the jour-\\nney. The greater part of this\\ntownship is too elevated and broken\\nfor cultivation. It is a good loca-\\ntion for the sportsman for fish and\\nfowl are abundant, and the deer,\\nthe bear, and other wild animals,\\nroam with almost undisputed sway\\nWood s Hole, Mass.\\nSee Falmouth.\\nAVood River, R. I.\\nSee Hopkinton.\\nAV^oodstoclc, Me.\\nOxford CO. A part of this town-\\nship is mountainous but it contains\\nlarge tracts of undulating, fertile\\nland. It is bespangled with beau-\\ntiful ponds, forming mill streams,\\nwhich pass to Little Androscoggin\\nriver.\\nWoodstock was incorporated in\\n1815. It lies 42 miles W. from\\nAugusta, and 10 N. W. from Paiis.\\nPop\\\\ilation, in 1837, C99. Wheat\\ncrop, same 5 ear, 2,669 bushels.\\nWoodstock, Vt.\\nShire town, Windsor county.\\nThis town was first settled about\\nthe year 1768. It is well wa-\\ntered by Queechy river and its\\nbranches, which propel a woolen\\nmill, a scythe and axe factory, an\\nestablishment for the manufacture\\nof woolen machinery, and several\\nsmaller manufacturing works.\\nThe soil of the town is gencially\\nvery fertile, with a pleasant surface\\nof hills and vales. The agricultu-\\nral productions are large and valua-\\nble they consist of beef, pork, but-\\nter, cheese, apples, cider and wool.", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0517.jp2"}, "518": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nof which 9,000 fleeces were shorn\\nin 1837.\\nWoodstock Green, so called, is\\na beautiful village. It is the seat\\nof a flourishing country trade, and\\ncontains many veryhandsome build-\\nings. The court house, planned,\\nand built under the supervision of\\nAmmi B. Young, Esq., a native ar-\\nchitect of great promise, is one of\\nthe most chaste and classical struc-\\ntures in New England. The south\\nvillage is neat and pleasant: it is\\nabout 5 miles from the Green.\\nWoodstock lies 46 miles S. from\\nMontpelier, and 11 N. W. from\\nWindsor. Population, 1830, 3,044.\\nWootlstocic, Ct.\\nWindham co. Woodstock is bound-\\ned N. by the Massachusetts line,\\nE. by Thompson, W, by Union and\\nAshford, and S. by Pomfret and\\nAshford. It is 8 miles long, and\\nupwards of 7 in breadth. The sur-\\nface of the town is characteristical-\\nly hilly, but not mountainous or\\nbroken, and comprises very little\\nVi^aste land, most or all of the emi-\\nnences being capable of cultivation.\\nThe prevailing soil is a deep grav-\\nelly loam, which is strong and fer-\\ntile. It is best adapted to grazing,\\nbut generally admits of tillage\\nand considerable quantities of grain\\nare annually raised, consisting prin-\\ncipally of rye and corn and it may\\nbe considered one of the richest ag-\\nricultural towns in this part of the\\nstate. There are 4 woolen and 4\\ncotton factories in the limits of the\\ntown. There are also about 900\\npersons engaged in the shoe mak-\\ning business, principally in the\\nwestern part of the town. The\\ntown is divided into three parts,\\nviz. the old society of Woodstock,\\nWest Woodstock or New Roxbury,\\nand Muddy Brook society or North\\nWoodstock.\\nThe villages of Thompson, North\\nKillingly, and Dudley in Massa-\\nchusetts, on corresponding eleva-\\ntions, are in fair view, from the vil-\\nlage in Old Woodstock, which is 41\\nmiles E. N. E. from Hartford, 32 N.\\nfrom Norwich, 32 W. N. W. from\\nProvidence, and 12 N. by W. from\\nBrooklyn. First settled, in 1686.\\nPopulation, 1830, 2,915. The vil-\\nlage of Muddy Brook, or North\\nWoodstock, is about three miles\\ndistant, situated in a beautiful val-\\nley, through which Muddy Brook,\\na fine mill stream, passes. The\\nvillage is in two parts, in each of\\nwhich is a Congregational church,\\nupwards of one mile distant from\\neach other. The houses in this\\nvillage are more clustered than in\\nany other part of the town, and\\nviewed fi-oia the surrounding hills\\npresent an uncommonly beautiful\\nappearance. The west part is call-\\ned Village corner.\\nGeneral William Eaton a\\nconsul to Tunis, from 1797 to 1803,\\nand the hero of Derne, in 1804, was\\nborn in tliis town in 1764. He died\\nat Brimlield, Mass., in 1811.\\nGen. Eaton was a very extra-\\nordinary character he possessed\\nmuch original genius, was bold in\\nhis conceptions, ardent in his pas-\\nsions, determined in his resolutions,\\nand indefatigably persevering in\\nhis conduct. He possessed con-\\nsiderable literary acquirements, and\\nthe style of his writings was char-\\nacteristic of his mind bold, ener-\\ngetic and decisive. His courage\\nwas equalled only by his resolu-\\ntion, and the boldness of his enter-\\nprises, by his ability and persever-\\nance to execute them.\\nWooltvicli, Me.\\nLincoln co. Woolwich lies a lit-\\ntle above Bath, on the east side of\\nKennebec river, 32 miles S. from\\nAugusta, and 7 W. from Wiscasset.\\nIt was incorporated in 1759. Pop-\\nulation, 1837, 1,433. Woolwich\\nhas several ponds and small streams,\\nand its navigable privileges are\\nvaluable.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0518.jp2"}, "519": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nWooiisoclcet Falls, R. I.\\nSee SmitJifield.\\nWorcester, Vt.\\nWashington co. This town is\\nsituated 10 miles N. from Montpe-\\nlier and 30 E. by S from Burling-\\nton. First settled, 1797. Popula-\\ntion, 1820, 44, and in 1S30, 432. A\\nbranch of Onion river gives the\\ntown a good water power, and\\nwhich is used for various purposes.\\nMuch of this township is moun-\\ntainous but there is some good land\\nalong the stream, and the high-\\nlauds afford pasturage for cattle.\\nWorcester County, Mass.\\nWorcester is the county town.\\nThis county was incoi-porated in\\n1731. Population, in 1S20, 73,635;\\n1830, 84,365; 1837, 96,551. It\\ncontains an area of 1,500 square\\nmiles.\\nThis county crosses the state from\\nNew Hampshire on the north, to\\nConnecticut and Rhode Island on\\nthe south. It is bounded W. by\\nthe counties of Franklin, Hamp-\\nshire, and Hampden, and E. by\\nNorfolk and Middlesex counties.\\nThis is the largest county in the\\nstate. Its territory is larger than\\nthe state of Rhode Island, and its\\npopulation is greater than that of\\nthe state of Delaware. Its sur-\\nface is rather undulating than hilly.\\nThe soil is generally strong, and\\nproduces all kinds of grain, grasses,\\nfruits, .C. common to its climate.\\nIts water power is abundant in al-\\nmost every town, and perhaps in\\nno section of New England are the\\ninterests of agriculture, commerce\\nand manufactures more completely\\nblended nor can there be found\\nbetter resources for their united\\nsupport. Its principal rivers are\\nthe Blackstone, Quinabaug, Nash-\\nua, Ware, Millers, and Mill. There\\nare in this county 54 towns, and 64\\ninhabitants to a sqimre mile.\\nIn 1837, the valu^of the manu-\\nfactures in the county of Worces-\\nter was $11,407,790: the number\\nof sheep in the county was 24,901;\\nvalue of the wool, ^37,207.\\nWorcester, Mass.\\nCounty town, Worcester co. This\\ntown was incorporated in 16S4, but\\nin consequence of Indian hostili-\\nties, the tirsttown meeting was not\\nheld until 1722. This part of the\\ncountry was called by the Indians,\\nQuinsiganiotid, and Tatmuck and\\nJBogachoak hills were Indian resi-\\ndences.\\nThe central situation of the\\ntown, both in regard to the county\\nand state, the fertility of its soil\\nand that of the surrounding coun-\\ntry, the salubrity of its climate,\\nand the industry, intelligerce and\\nwealth of its people, have long\\nsince entitled it to the honor of be-\\ning called the chief town in the\\nHeart of the Commonwealth. The\\ntown is situated in a valley, and\\nsurrounded by hills of gentle ac-\\nclivity. It is well built and beau-\\ntifully shaded, and travellers from\\nevery direction, are delighted with\\nits neatness and beauty.\\nA number of the streams which\\nform the head waters of the Black-\\nstone meet in this town, and fur-\\nnish a considerable water power,\\nWorcester is 40 miles W. from\\nBoston, 51 E. from Northampton,\\n38 S. W. from Lowell, and 41 N. N.\\nW. from Providenc\u00c2\u00ab|, R. I. Popu-\\nlation, 1820, 2,962; 1830, 4,172;\\n1835, 6,624; 1837, 7,117.\\nThere are in Worcester 8 woolen,\\n3 cotton and 2 paper mills an air\\nand cupola furnace, 9 woolen ma-\\nchinery factories, 3 tin factories,\\nand manufactures of coaches, chais-\\nes, boots, shoes, hats, cutlery, chairs,\\ncabinet ware, ploughs, straw bon-\\nnets, palm-leaf hats, wire, lead\\npipe, paper machinery, c. total\\nvalue, the year ending April 1,\\n1837, $1,042,369.\\nWorcester is the centre of a large\\ni inland trade. The Blackstone ca-", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0519.jp2"}, "520": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nnal, from Providence, R. I., 45 miles\\nin length, terminates here and\\nhere is a permanent depot on the\\ngreat western rail road from Boston\\nto the Hudson river.\\nThis is the seat of many religious,\\nliterary, and philanthropic societies.\\nThe State Lunatic Asylum, es-\\ntablished in this town in 1S32, is an\\ninstitution honorable to the nature\\nof man. It is a beautiful building,\\ndelightfully located, and admirably\\nconducted. Its plan and arrange-\\nments are so excellent as to render\\nit a model for similar institutions\\nin other states.\\nThis institution is a receptacle\\nfor all persons arraigned as crimi-\\nnals, but found to have committed\\nthe offences in a state of insanity\\nof paupers, and of those who are\\nso furiously mad as to render their\\ncontinuance at large dangerous to\\nthe community.\\nAlthough the worst cases of in-\\nsanity are found here, yet experi-\\nence has proved that there are very\\nfew cases of derangement which\\nm?i\\\\ not be ameliorated by the\\nkindly influence of humane treat-\\nment. The average recoveries, to\\nthe present time, is about 56 pr. ct.\\nThe American Antiquarian So-\\nciety, Avas founded in 1812. By\\nthe liberality of the late Isaiah\\nThomas, LL. D., one of its tirst\\nbenefactors, a spacious hall was\\nerected in 1820, for the reception\\nof its large and valuable cabinet of\\nantiquities, and its library of about\\n12,000 volumes of American pub-\\nlications, particularly of all works\\npertaining to American history, and\\nliterature generally,\\nMr, Thomas was the father of\\nNew England printers. He pub-\\nlished the first newspaper in this\\ntown, in 1775, and, a few years af-\\nter, the first bible in America. He\\nwas a gentleman of great patri-\\notism and liberality. He was born\\nin Boston, January 19th, 1749, and\\ndied in this town, April 4, 1831.\\nWortliiugton, Mass.\\nHampshire co. This town has a\\ngood soil it is pleasantly situated\\non elevated ground it has some\\nmineral treasures, and is washed by\\na branch of Westfield river. It is\\n103 miles W. from Boston, 55 E.\\nfrom Albany, N. Y., and 17 W. N.\\nW. from Northampton. Incorpora-\\nted, 1763. Population, 1837, 1,142.\\nThe manufactures of Worthing-\\nton consist of leather, hoots, shoes,\\ncurtains, children s wagons, and\\nhats: annual value, about $50,000.\\nIn 1837, there were sheared in\\nthis town 9,050 merino sheep the\\nwool weighed 27,000 pounds, and\\nsold for $16,875.\\nWrentliain, Mass.\\nNorfolk CO. There is a large\\npond near the centre of this town,\\nfrom which issue several streams\\nwhich flow to the Charles, Nepon-\\nset and Taunton, In this town are\\none woolen and four cotton mills,\\nan axe manufactory boat build-\\ning to a considerable extent and\\nmanufactures of boots, shoes, hats,\\nhoops and straw bonnets. The to-\\ntal value of the manufactures of\\nthis town, for the year ending April\\n1, 1837, was $204,806; of which\\n$77,815 was for straw bonnets,\\nWrentham is a pleasant town,\\nwith a tolerable soil and diversified\\nsurface. It was taken from Ded-\\nham in 1673. Population, 1837,\\n2,817,\\nA family of Indians once resi-\\nded in a cavern in this town, called\\nWampum s Rock, which place\\nis rather a curiosity. The Indian\\nname of the town was Walloma-\\npogge.\\nWrentham is 27 miles S. by W.\\nfrom Boston, and 15 S. by W. from\\nDedham. This town is bounded S.\\nE. by Mansfield, and within the re-\\ngion of a vast bed of anthracite coal.\\nYautic River, Ot.\\nNew Lond^ co. This stream", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0520.jp2"}, "521": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nrises by several branches in the\\nnorthwest part of the county, and\\npassing- in a southeast course meets\\nthe united waters of the Quinne-\\nbaug and Shetucket at Norwich,\\nwhere tlie waters of the three riv-\\ners fail witli great rapidity, form-\\ning the Thames, and producing a\\nvaluable hydraulic power. See\\nJVorwich.\\nIt is said that a party of Mohe-\\ngan Indians plunged themselves\\ndown the Yantic falls, when pur-\\nsued by their foes, the Narragan-\\nsets.\\nIfarmoutli, Mass.\\nBarnstable co. Yarmouth ex-\\ntends across Cape Cod, and has a\\ngood harbor on each side. There\\nare several ponds in the town, from\\nwhich issue a small stream, called\\nBass river, and from which a small\\nwater power is derived. The soil\\nof the cape here becomes thin,\\nsandy and unproductive. The peo-\\nple of this town are principally de-\\nvoted to the fishing business, coast-\\ning trade, and the manufacture of\\nsalt. There are, however, some\\nmanufactures of vessels, cordage,\\nleather, cabinet and tin wares,\\nchairs, boots and shoes. Some\\nsheep are kept, but the agricultur-\\nal productions are small. A large\\nnumber of vessels are engaged in\\nthe coasting trade, and in 1837, 13\\nvessels, of about 50 tons each, were\\nemployed in the cod and mackerel\\nfishery the product, that year,\\nwas .$26,622.\\nDuring that year there were in\\noperation in this town, 52 establish-\\nments for the manufacture of com-\\nmon salt, and 4 for the manufac-\\nture of Ep^om salts. The quantity\\nof common salt made was 365,200\\nbushels. The value of common\\nsalt was $109,560; of Epsom salts,\\n$1,350. Hands employed, 55.\\nIn 1S37, there were in the state\\nof Massachusetts 743 establishments\\nfor the manufacture of salt 753,-\\n392 bushels v/ere made, valued at\\n$246,059, employing 708 hands.\\nYarmouth is bounded W. by\\nBarnstable, and lies 72 miles S. E.\\nfrom Boston. Incorporated, 1639.\\nPopulation, in 1830, 2,251 1837,\\n2,454.\\nYork County, Me.\\nAlfred is the county town. This\\ncounty is bounded N. by Oxford\\ncounty, N. E. by the county of\\nCumberland, E. by the ocean, S.\\nby Portsmouth harbor, and W. by\\nStrafford county, N. H. It com-\\nprises an area of about SIS square\\nmiles. Its population in 1810, was\\n41,877; 1820,46,233; 1830,51,722;\\nand in 1837, 53^781. Population to\\na square mile, QQ. The surface\\nof the county is rough and uneven,\\nbut not mountainous; its highest\\nelevation is Mount Agamenticus.\\nIts soil is hard and rocky, particu-\\nlarly on the sea coast, which ex-\\ntends about 35 miles. There is,\\nhowever, much good land within\\nthe limits of York county it pro-\\nduces large quantities of English\\nand salt liay, potatoes and other\\nvegetables, corn, and some wheat;\\nbut the latter grain is not so abun-\\ndant in this as in the more eastern\\ncounties. The quantity of wheat\\ngrown in this county in 1837, was\\nbut 17,795 bushels. There is much\\ngood grazing land in the county,\\nand in 1837, there were 60,392\\nsheep within its limits.\\nThe sea coast is lined with fine\\nharbors tor the fishery, and many\\nvessels are built of native timber.\\nThe county contains many capes,\\npoints and necks of land, on which\\nare well conducted light houses.\\nThe tonnage of the three districts\\nwithin the county, Saco, Kenne\\nbunk and York, in 1837, was 11,505\\ntons. York county contains many\\nexcellent mill streams and the\\nvalue of its hydraulic power is be-\\nginning to be seen and felt.\\nThis ancient county was the\\nlodgement of some of the first set-\\ntlers of New England. See Saco.", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0521.jp2"}, "522": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nYork, Me.\\nYork CO. This is an ancient mar-\\nitime town, on the coast, between\\nKittery and Wells, It is bounded\\nW. h-; South Berwick. This was\\nfor many years the shire town, and\\nthe place of holding the courts and\\nkeeping the records for the whole\\npiovincc, until the counties of\\nCumbei-hmd and Lincoln were set\\noff in 1730. The town was incor-\\nporated in 1653.\\nYork has a court house and gaol,\\nbut all the county courts have been,\\nwithin a t cw years past, removed to\\nAlfred. The principal harbor is York\\nriver, about 6 miles from Ports-\\nmouth, N. H., with water sufficient\\nfor vessels from 200 to 300 tons bur-\\nthen. The entrance, however, is\\ndifficult, being narrow and crooked.\\nThe oiher harbor is cape Neddock,\\nabout 4 miles N. E. of the former,\\nnavigable about a mile from the\\nsea at full tides only it having a\\nsand bar at its mouth, sufficient to\\nprevent vessels of any considera-\\nble burthen from passing at low\\nwater.\\nCape Neddock and Bald Head are\\nthe head lands. The former is a\\nlittle to the south of cape Neddock\\nriver. At the end of this cape is a\\nsmall hillock called the Nubble, on\\nwhich Congress has recently au-\\ntb-orised the erection of a J^ight\\nhouse. Boon Island lies about 9\\nmiles southeast of this point. Bald\\nHead makes the S. W. part of Wells\\nbay.\\nThe settlement of this place be-\\ngan about the year 1630 it was\\nthen called Agamenticus, from a\\nmountain of that name in the north\\npart of the town. This is of consid-\\nerable elevation, and a noted land\\nmark. From its summit, there is\\nan extensive prospect bounded by\\nthe great ranges of the N. H.\\nmountains on the N. and N. W.,\\nand the Atlantic on the coast from\\nCape Ann to Cape Elizabeth.\\nThis town was nearly destroyed\\nby the Indians and French in lfl92,\\nwho, coming on snow shoes, sur-\\nprised the unwary inhabitants at\\nearly morning. This calamity was\\nso desolating, that the few remain-\\ning inhabitants had thoughts of\\nabandoning the place altogetlier\\nbut a number remained, though\\nsuffering under severe privations\\nfrom the destruction of almost every\\nthing that could give them shelter\\nor sustenance.\\nThe population of the town in\\n1830, was 3,485 but has been re-\\nduced since that time, by the an-\\nnexation of a portion of its northern\\nangle to South Berwick. Its popu-\\nlation in 1837, was 3,001.\\nYork is situated 99 miles S. W.\\nfrom Augusta, 45 S. W. by S. from\\nPortland 22 S. S. E. from Alfred and\\n9 N. by E. from Portsmouth, N. H.", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0522.jp2"}, "523": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nCENSUS OP NEW ENGLAND\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1840.\\nYork.\\nActon, 1401\\nAlfred, 1408\\nBerwick, 1693\\nBuxton, 2687\\nBiddeford, 2574\\nCornish, I2()3\\nElliot, 1889\\nHollis 2363\\nKittery, 2435\\nKennebunk, 2323\\nKennebunk Port. ..2770\\nLebanon, 2273\\nKimerick, 1509\\nLimington. .221 1\\nLyman 1478\\nIVewfield 1254\\nJVorth Berwick, ...1447\\nParsonsfield 2442\\nSanfurd, 2233\\nSaco, 4408\\nShapleiirh, 1510\\nSouth Berwick, ...2314\\nWaterborough,... 1944\\nWells, 2978\\nYork, 3111\\n54.023\\nCumberland.\\nBaldwin, 1134\\nBridgton 1987\\nBrunswick, 4259\\nCape Elizabeth,. 1666\\nCumberland, 1616\\nDanville, 1294\\nDurham, 1836\\nFalmouth, 2071\\nFreeport, 2662\\nGorham, 3002\\nGray, 1740\\nHarpswell, 1448\\nHarrison; 1243\\n43*\\nMAINE.\\nMinot, 3550\\nNaples, 758\\nNew Gloucester,.. 1946\\nNorth Yarmouth, ..2824\\nOtisfield 1307\\nPoland,. 2360\\nPortland, (City).. 15.218\\nPownal, 1210\\nRaymond 2032\\nScarborough, 2173\\nSebago 707\\nStandish, 2198\\nWindham 2303\\nWestbrook, 4116\\n687660\\nOxford.\\nAlbany, 691\\nAndover 551\\nBethel... 1994\\nBrownfield, 1360\\nBuckfieid, 1629\\nBvron, 219\\nCanton, 919\\nDenmark, 1 143\\nDixfield, 1166\\nFryeburg, 1536\\nGreenwood, 836\\nGilead, 313\\nHartford, 1472\\nHebron, 945\\nHiram, 1232\\nHoward s Gore, ....131\\nHamlin s Grant, 80\\nLovel, 941\\nLivermore, 2745\\nMexico, 447\\nNewrv, 463\\nNorway, 1786\\nOxford, J246\\nParis, 2154\\nPeru, 1002\\nPorter, 1133\\nRoxbury, 227\\nR u mford 1 444\\nStoneham, 313\\nStow, 376\\nSumner, 1269\\nSweden, 670\\nTurner, 2479\\n\\\\Vaterrord, 1381\\nVV^codstock Sly\\nTownship B, Ill\\nNo. 5, first Range,. .49\\nNo. 5, second Range, .42\\nTownship C, ...29\\nAndover, N. Surplus, .45\\nRiley Township, ....51\\nLetter A, No. 2, 54\\nNo. 4, first Range,. ...4\\nFryeburg Acade- .co\\nmy Grant, 3\\nNumber two 386\\nBatchelder s Grant, ...3\\n38,339\\nLincoln.\\nAlna, 989\\nBath, 5143\\nBoothbay, 2631\\nBowdoin, 2073\\nBowdoinham, 2402\\nBremen, 837\\nBristol, 2946\\nGushing, 791\\nDresden, 1647\\nEdgecomb, 123o\\nFriendship, 725\\nGeorgetown, 13.07\\nJefl e^son,... 2214\\nI ewistown, ItOl\\nLisbon, 1531\\nNew Castle, 1713\\nNobleborough, ....2210", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0523.jp2"}, "524": {"fulltext": "6\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nPhipsburg, 1657\\nRichmond. 1604\\nSt. George, i094\\nThomaston, 6227\\nTopsham, 1883\\nUnion, 1784\\nWaldoborough, .3661\\nWebster, 1133\\nWarren, 2228\\nWashington, 1600\\nWestport, 655\\nWhitefield, 2142\\nWiscasset, 2314\\nWoolwicli, 1416\\nPatricktown Plan- )qqq\\ntation,\\nMatinicus Island, ..177\\nMonhegan, 77\\nMatinicus Roclv, 10\\nMatiiiic Iiland, 19\\nMuscle Ridge, 51\\nRagged Island, 17\\nWooden Ball Island, ..9\\n63^512\\nKennebec.\\nAlbion, 1624\\nAugusta, 5314\\nBelgrade, 1748\\nChina, 2675\\nClinton, 2818\\nDearborn, 168\\nFayette 1016\\nGreene, 1046\\nGardiner, 5044\\nHallovvell, 4668\\nLeeds 1736\\nLitchfield, 2293\\nMonmouth, 1882\\nMount Vernon, 1475\\nPittston 2460\\nReadfield, 2037\\nRome, 987\\nSidney, 2190\\nVassalborough,. .2951\\nVienna, 891\\nWaterville, 2939\\nWayne, 1201\\nWindsor, 1789\\nWinlhrop, 1915\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2Winslow, 1722\\nClinton Gore, 110\\nWales, 656\\nTerritory north of oo\\nAlbion,\\n55.8( 4\\nPenobscot.\\nArgyle, 527\\nBangor, (City) 8634\\nBradford, 1001\\nBradley, 395\\nBrewer, 1 736\\nBurlington, 350\\nCarmel, 521\\nCorinna, 1702\\nCorinth, 1318\\nCharlestown, 1269\\nChester, 277\\nDexter, 1464\\nDixmont, 1498\\nEtna, 745\\nEddington, 595\\nEdinburgh, 52\\nEnfield, 346\\nExeter, 2052\\nGarland, 1065\\nGlenburn, 664\\nGreenbush, 260\\nHampden, 2663\\nHermon, 1045\\nHowland, 312\\nKirkland, 351\\nLa Grange, 336\\nLee, 724\\nLevant, 1060\\nLincoln, 1121\\nLowell, 205\\nMaxfield, 185\\nMattamisconsis, 97\\nMilford, 474\\nNewburg, 963\\nNewport, 1138\\nOrono, 1520\\nOrrington 1580\\nOldtown,. 2345\\nPassadumkeag, 394\\nPlymouth, 843\\nSpringfield, 546\\nStetson, 616\\nJarvis Gore, 185\\nTownship No. 3, 22\\nTownship No. 4, 41\\nTownship 3,Range 8, 29\\nLower IndianTown-^\\nship, west branch 37\\nof PenobscotRiver,^\\nIndian Township, r.\\nNo. 2, 5\\nHopkins Academy r.\\nGrant,\\nLetter A, 29\\nUnincorporated\\nTownships north 147\\nof Einroln\\nWcsthalfofTown-K\\nship No. 6, 3\\nTownship No. 7 30\\n45.705\\nWaldo,\\nA ppleton, .891\\nBelfast, 4194\\nBelmont, 1378\\nBrooks, 910\\nBurnliam, 609\\nCambden, 3005\\nFrankfort, 3603\\nFreedom, 1153\\nHope,.. 1770\\nIslesborough, 778\\nJackson, 652\\nKnox, 897\\nLiberty, 895\\nLincolnville, 2048\\nMonroe, 1602\\nMontville, 2153\\nNorthport, 1207\\nPalermo, 1594\\nProspect, 3492\\nSearsmont, 1374\\nSwansville, 919\\nThorndike, 897\\nTrov, 1376\\nUnity, .....1467\\nVinalhaven, 1950\\nWaldo Plantation,.. 721\\n41235\\nHancock.\\nAurora, 149\\nAmherst, 196\\nBJuehiil, 1891\\nBrooksville, 1246\\nBucksport, 3015\\nCastine 1188\\nCranberry Isle, 238\\nDedham, 455\\nDeer Isle, 2841\\nEastbrook 155\\nEden, 1054\\nEiiswoth, 2267\\nFranklin, 502\\nGoLildsborou.jh, ...1196\\nGreenfield, 223\\nHancock,.. 760\\nMariaville, 275\\nMount Desert, 1889\\nOrland, 1418\\nOtis, 88\\nPenobscot, 1474\\nSedge wick, 1922\\nSullivan, 650\\nSurry 857\\nWaltham, 232\\nSwan Island, 284\\nTownship No. 33,... 34\\n21 ...37\\n2,... 27\\nPlantation No. 1,....88\\nStrip North No. 1, ..23", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0524.jp2"}, "525": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nWelmore Isle, 139\\nSeaville, 129\\nPlantation No. 7, 61\\n10, ....19\\nTrenton, lOGl\\nBear Island, 11\\nBeach Island, 8\\nPickeringt s Island, ...14\\nSpruce Head, 12\\nLittle Spruce Head, ..6\\nButter Island, 8\\nEagle\\n.18\\nHarbor\\n..4\\nMarshall s\\n..8\\nDuck\\n..6\\nLong\\n114\\nBlack\\n.;30\\nPlacentia\\nS^^\\nConway s\\nCalf\\n8\\n.18\\nJohn s\\n..4\\nPond,\\n.11\\nHarbor\\n..9\\nHotT\\n1\\nConvvav s\\n.10\\nHacketask Island,...\\n.18\\nWooden Ball Island\\n..7\\nMatinicus\\nRock,.\\n.20\\nMatinicus\\nIsland,..\\n182\\nHolbrook\\na\\n..3\\n^8,646\\nWashington.\\nAddison, 1052\\nAlexander, 513\\nBailey ville, 329\\nBaring, 376\\nBeddnigton, 164\\nCalais, 2934\\nColumbia, 843\\nCooper, 657\\nCutler, 657\\nCharlotte 666\\nCherrvtield, 1003\\nCravvibrd 300\\nDennvsville, 378\\nEastport, 2876\\nEdmonds, 259\\nHarrington, 1525\\nJonesborough, 392\\nJonesport, 576\\nLubec, 2307\\nMachias 1351\\nMachias Port, 834\\nMarion, 231\\nMechisses, 1395\\nNorthfield, 232\\nPembroke, 1050\\nPerry, 1008\\nPrinceton, 157\\nRobbinston, 822\\nStuben, 884\\nTrescott, 793\\nTopsfield, 188\\nWesley, 2-55\\nWhiting 460\\nPlantation No. 2:3, ..122\\nEast half Township,\\nNo. 6, 2d Ranee..\\nHill s Gore, 1th Rlinge,30\\nNo. 9, 2d Range, 12\\nFowler Ely, Ist^\\nRange, Township .13\\nNo. 1,\\nTownship No. 9, 4th ^fj\\nRange,\\nDanforth,halfTown-(^\\nship, 4th Range,.\\nTownship No. 9, 3d ,o\\nRange! T^\\nTownship No 2, 2d do. 43\\nTownship JVo 3 ,2d do.47\\nHinkley No. 3, 1st do.. 9\\nTownshipNo. 1, 2d do. 12\\nTownship No. 21,\\nEastern division,.\\nAnnsburg, 23\\nDevereaux, 30\\nTownship No. 14, ..153\\ndo. No. 13, 35\\ndo. No. 19, 62\\n28, 309\\nSOMEKSET.\\nAnson, 1941\\nAthens, 1427\\nBincjham, 751\\nBloomfield, i093\\nBrighton, 803\\nCanaan 1379\\nCambridge, 461\\nConcord, 577\\nCornville, 1140\\nC handlerviile, 372\\nEmbden 983\\nFairfield 2198\\nHartland, 1028\\nHarmony, 1096\\nLexington, 564\\nMadison 1701\\nMavfield, 118\\nMercer, 1432\\nMoscow, 562\\nNew Portland, ....1620\\nNorriilgewock, 1 865\\nPalmyra, 1500\\nPittsfield, 951\\nRipley, 591\\nSolon, 1139\\nSt. Albans, 15iJ4\\nStarks, 1559\\nSkowhegan, 1584\\nSmithfield, 789\\nNo. l,2dRange,W. g-\\nKennebec River,\\nNo. 1, 2d Range,\\nPleasant Ridge,\\nNo. 1,3d Range, W. j,.\\nKennebec River,\\nNo. 1, 4th Ran2e,....10\\nNo. 1, 5th do. Fork s) Of.\\nTownship I\\nEnchanted Stream, ...5\\nParlin Pond, 9\\nJackman s Township, 10\\nHolden Plantation, r-K\\n(Moose River,) j\\nCanada Road, 6\\ndo. Line, No. 5, 3d ,n\\nRange, T\\nNo. 2, 2d Range, 139\\nNo. 3,3d Range,.... 106\\nFlagstaff Township,\\nNo. 4, 4th Range, 5\\nSpencer Stream, 6\\nLong Pond, 1\\nNo. 5, 2d Range,Can-)\\nada Road, 3 1\\nNo. l,3dRanffe.E.\\nKennebec Pviver,\\nNo. 1,4th Ransje E. i\\nKennebec River,\\n33,912\\nPiscataquis.\\nAbbot, 661\\nAtkinson, 704\\nBarnard, 153\\nBowerbank 165\\nBlanchard. 270\\nBrown ville, 568\\nDover, 1597\\nElliotsville, 60\\nFoxcroft, yi?6\\nGuilford 892\\nGreenville, 128\\nKilmarnock, 319\\nKinirsbury 227\\n.Monsoii, 548\\n.Mlton, 469\\nMilo, 756\\nParkman, 1205\\nSangerville, 1197\\nSebec, 1116\\nShirley, 190\\nWellington, 722\\nWilson 70\\nWilliamsburg, 131\\nTownship No. 3,3d R,28\\nPlantation No. 8 31\\nLetter B, 10th Range,. 6\\n13.138", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0525.jp2"}, "526": {"fulltext": "8\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nFranklin.\\nAvon, 827\\nBerlin, 442\\nCarthage, 522\\nChesterville, 1098\\nFarmington, 2613\\nFreeman, 8J8\\nIndustry, 1035\\nJay, 1750\\nKing-field, G71\\nMadrid, 3G8\\nNew Sharon, 1829\\nNew Vineyard 927\\nPhillips, 1312\\nSalem, 5(il\\nStrong, 1109\\nTemple, -.953\\nWeld, 1045\\nWilton, 2198\\nNo. 3, 2d Range, 46\\n4, 2d 6\\n4,1st 4\\nBigelovv Township, .37\\nTownship Letter E,.. 77\\nNo. 2, 2d Range, 82\\nNo. 1.4th 163\\nNo. 1, 3d 52\\nNo. 3, 1st 7\\nNo. 2, 1st 9\\nNo. 3, 2d 216\\n20,800\\nAroostook.\\nAmity, 169\\nBelfast Academy\\nr^ t c 141\\nCirant,\\nHodgden, 665\\nHoulton, 1597\\nTownship No. 5,\\n3d Range, S\\nTownship A, 2d\\nRange,\\nWeston, 249\\nTownship No. 2,\\n2d Range,\\nLinnens, 311\\nTownship No. 11, i\\n1st Range,\\nTownship No. 1. i\\n4th Range.\\nTownship No. 2, i\\n3d Range \u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\u00e2\u0080\u00a2i\\nTownship No. 1, i\\n2d Range,....\\nTownship No. 1, i\\n3d Range,....\\nOrient (i ore, 68\\nTownship No. 9, 50\\nTownship No. 3, i j,^\\n2d Range,\\nSmyrna, 184\\nNew Limerick, ....123\\nLetter A, 1st Range, 177\\nWilliams Coll. Grant.85\\nBridgewater Acad. Gr.51\\nFramingham, 16\\nWestfield, 3\\nLetter A, 5th Range,. 15\\nNo. 1, 5th Range, 22\\nBenedicta, or No.\\n2,5th Range,.. J\\nNo. 3,5th Range,... 100\\n4, .294\\na 743\\nNos. 7 and 9, 48\\nNo. 10, 5th Range J\\nor Masardis,.... i\\nNo. 11,5th Range,... 45\\n13,3d ...66\\nLetter G, 2d ...58\\nK, 2d ...96\\nPlymouth and Ea-\\nton Grant, i\\nLetters H andJ.lst ,q,\\nand 2d Range,\\nPlymouth Grant, ...200\\nLetter G, 27\\nFort Fairfield, or\\nLetter D, j\\nNo. 3, 6, and 7th\\nRanges, j\\nMadawaska, South .-q.\\nofSt.John sRiver, I\\nMadawaska,North\\nof St.John sRiver,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a09;4l3\\nYork County, 54,023\\nCumberland, ....68.660\\nOxford, 38,339\\nLincoln, 63,512\\nKennebec, 55,804\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nPenobscot, 45,705\\nWaldo, 41,535\\nHancock, 28,646\\nWashington, 28 ,.309\\nSomerset, 33,912\\nPiscataquis, 13,138\\nFranklin, 20,800\\nAroostook, 9,413\\n501,796\\nNEW HAMPSHIRE.\\nRockingham.\\nAtkinson, 567\\nBrentwood, 888\\nCandia, 1430\\nChester, 2173\\nDanville, 538\\nDeerfield, 1 953\\nDerry, 2034\\nEast Kingston, 551\\nEpping, 1234\\nExeter, 2985\\nGosport, 115\\nGreenland, 726\\nHampstead, 890\\nj Hampton, 1320\\nI Hampton Falls, 646\\nj Kensington, 647\\nI Kingston, 1032\\nLondonderry, 1556\\nI Newcastle 742\\nI Newington, 543\\nNew Market, 2746\\nI Newtown, 541\\nI North Hampton,... .885\\nI Northwood, 1182\\nNottingham, 1193\\nPlaislowe, 626\\nI Poplin, 428\\nPortsmouth, 7887\\nRaymond, 989\\nRye, 1205\\nSalem, 1408\\nSandown, 525\\nSeabrook, 1392\\nSouth Hampton,.... 462\\nStratham, 875\\nWindham, ....926\\n45,790\\nStrafford.\\nHarrington, ..1845", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0526.jp2"}, "527": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n9\\nDover, 6458\\nDurham, 1498\\nFaiinington, 1 380\\nLee, 906\\nMadbury, 489\\nMiddleton, 483\\nMilton 1322\\nNew Duiham, 1032\\nRochester, 2431\\nSomersvvorte, 2383\\nStrafford, ^2021\\n22,248\\nBelknap.\\nAlton, 2002\\nBarnstead, 1945\\nCentre Harbor, 584\\nGilford, 2472\\nGilmanton, 3485\\nMeredith, 5314\\nIS ew Hampton,.. 1812\\nSandbornton; 2745\\n18,359\\nCarroll.\\nAlbany, 406\\nBrookiield, 553\\nChatham, 523\\nConway, 1811\\nEaton, 1710\\nEffingham, 1 95\\nFreedom, 926\\nMoultonborough, ..1752\\nOssipee, 2170\\nSandwich 2625\\nTarn worth, 1716\\nTuftonborough,. 1281\\nWakefield 1396\\nVVolfeborough, ...1918\\n19,982\\nMerrimack.\\nAllenstown, 455\\nAndover, 1169\\nBoscawen, 1965\\nBow 1001\\nBradford, 1.331\\nCanterbury, 1643\\nChichester, 1 028\\nConcord. 4903\\nDunbarton, 950\\nEpsom, 1205\\nFranklin, 1281\\nHenniker, 1715\\nHooksett, 1175\\nHopkinton, 24M\\nLoudon, 1640\\nNewbury, ...816\\nNew London, ,,,,,1019\\nNorthfield, 1413\\nPembroke, 1336\\nPittsfield, 1719\\nSalisbury, 1332\\nSutton, 1361\\nWarner, 2159\\nWilmot; 1212\\n36,282\\nHillsborough.\\nAmherst, 1565\\nAntrim, 1225\\nBedford, 1549\\nBrooklme, 652\\nDeering, 1 124\\nFrancestown, 1308\\nGoffstown, 2366\\nGreenfield 834\\nHancock, 1345\\nHillsborough, 18U8\\nHollis, 1333\\nHudson 1144\\nLitchfield, 481\\nLyndeborough, ....1033\\nManchester, 3235\\nMason, 275\\nMerrimack, 1113\\nMilford, 1455\\nA.ount Vernon, 720\\nNashua, 6054\\nNew Boston, 1570\\nNew Ipswich, 1578\\nFelham, 1033\\nPeterborough; 2i()3\\nSharon, 251\\nSociety Land, 133\\nTemple, 576\\nWeare, 2375\\nWindsor, 177\\nWilton, 1033\\n42,478\\nCheshire.\\nAlstead, 1454\\nChesterfield, 1765\\nDublin 1075\\nFitzwilliam, 1366\\nGilsum, 656\\nHinsdale, 1141\\nJaftrey, 1411\\nKeene 2611\\nMarlborough, 831\\nMarlow, 626\\nNelson, 836\\nRichmond, 1165\\nRindge, 1161\\nRoxbury 286\\nStoddard, 1006\\nSullivan, 496\\nSurry, ,481\\nSwanzey, 1755\\nTroy, 863\\nWalpole, 2015\\nWestmoreland,. .4546\\nWinchester, 2065\\n26,430\\nSullivan.\\nAcworth, 1450\\nCharlestown, 1722\\nClaremont, 3217\\nCornish, 172G\\nCroydon, 958\\nGoshen, 679\\nGrantham, 1034\\nLangdon, 615\\nLempster, 941\\nNewport, 1958\\nPlaiiifield, 1552\\nSpringfield, 1252\\nUnity, 1218\\nVV ashington, 1 10.3\\nWendell, ...795\\n20,318\\nGrafton.\\nAlexandria, 1284\\nBath 1591\\nBethlehem, 779\\nBridgewater, 747\\nBristol, 1153\\nCampton, 1513\\nCanaan, 1576\\nCovcutjy, 413\\nDame s Gore, ...54\\nDanbury, 800\\nDorchester, 769\\nEllsworth, .300\\nFnfield 1514\\nFranconia, 52.3\\nGrafton, 1201\\nGroton, 870\\nHanover, 2613\\nHaverhill, 2675\\nHebron, 508\\nHill, 999\\nHolderness, 1528\\nI andaff, 957\\nLebanon, 1 754\\nLincoln, 76\\nLisbon, 1682\\nLittleton, 1773\\nLyman, 1496\\nLyme, 1785\\nNash and Sawyer s\\nLocation\\nOrange, 463\\nOrford, 1707\\nPiermont, 1 057\\nPlymouth, 128?", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0527.jp2"}, "528": {"fulltext": "10\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nRumney, 1 J\\nStates Land, 4\\nThornton, 1045\\nWarren, 938\\nWaterville, 1119\\nWentworth, G2\\nWoodstock, 472\\n42,215\\nCoos.\\nBartlett, 706\\nBerlin, 116\\nCambridge, 5\\nCarroll, 213\\nClarksville, 88\\nColebrook, 743\\nColleiTe Grant, 3\\nColumbia, 620\\nCrawford s Grant, ....9\\nDalton, 664\\nDummer, 57\\nDixvilie, 4\\nErrol, 104\\nGorliam, 156\\nHart s Location, 44\\nHale s Location, 6\\nPittsburg, 315\\nJackson, 584\\nJett erson, 575\\nKilkenny, 19\\nLancaster, 1316\\nMilan, 386\\nMillsfieid, 12\\nJNorthumberland, ...399\\nPinkham s Grant,. .39\\nRandolph, 115\\nShelburne, 350\\nStark, 349\\nStewartstovvn, 630\\nStratford 441\\nWhitefield, 751\\nWentworth s Locat. 25\\n9,849\\nRockingham Co.. 45.790\\nStrafford, 22;248\\nBelknap, 18,35!)\\nCarroll, 19,982\\nREtAPITULATION.\\nMerrimack, 36,282\\nHillsborough, ...42,478\\nCheshire, 26,430\\nSullivan, 20,318\\nGrafton, 42,215\\nCoos, ...9,849\\n283,951\\nBennington.\\nArlington, 1035\\nBennington, 3129\\nDorset, 1432\\nGlastenbury, 53\\nLand grove, 3-1.5\\nManchester, 1590\\nPeru, 578\\nPownal, I(il3\\nReadsboro 767\\nRupert, 1091\\nSandgate, 777\\nSearsboro 120\\nShaftsbury, 1885\\nStamford, 662\\nSunderland 437\\nWoodford, 457\\nWinhall,.. 576\\ni(),o/7\\nWindham.\\nActon, 170\\nAthens, .373\\nBrattleboro 2624\\nBrookline, 328\\nDover, 729\\nDummerston, 1263\\nGuilford, 2525\\nGrafton, 1326\\nHalifax, 1399\\nJamaica, 1586\\nLondonderry, 1216\\nVERMONT.\\nMarlboro 1027\\nNewfane, 1403\\nPutney, 1.382\\nRockingham, 2330\\nSomerset, 262\\nStratton, .341\\nTownshend, 1345\\nVernon, 705\\nWardsboro 1 1 02\\nWestminster, 15-i6\\nWhitingham, 1391\\nWindiiam, 757\\nWilmington, 1296\\n27,431\\nRutland.\\nBenson, 1403\\nBrandon, 2194\\nCastieton, 1769\\nChittenden, 644\\nClarendon, 1549\\nDanby 1379\\nF airhaven, 633\\nHubbardston, 719\\nIra, 4.30\\nMendon 545\\nMiddletown, 1057\\nMount Holly, 1356\\nMount Tabor, 226\\nOrwell, 1504\\nPawlet, 1748\\nPittsford, 1927\\nPittsfield, 615\\nPoultney, 1880\\nRutland, 2708\\nSherburne, ........498\\nShrewsbury, 1218\\nSudbury, 796\\nTinmouth, 781\\nWallingford, 1608\\nWest Haven, 774\\nWells, 740\\nc J.li Ji\\nWindsor.\\nAndovor, 878\\nBarnard, 1774\\nBaltimore J55\\nBethel,.. 1886\\nBridgewater, 1363\\nCavendish 1427\\nChester, 2305\\nHartland, 2341\\nHartford, 2194\\nLudlow, 1363\\nNorwich 2218\\nPlymouth, 1417\\nPonifret, 1774\\nReading, 1363\\nRochester, 1396\\nRoyalton, 1917\\nSharon, 1371\\nStockbridse, 1419\\nSpringfield, 2626", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0528.jp2"}, "529": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n11\\nWeathersficld, ....2082\\nWeston, 10L52\\nWindsor 2744\\nWoodstock, 3315\\n40.359\\nAddison.\\nAddison, 1229\\nAvery s Gore, 78\\nBristol, 1233\\nBridport, 1480\\nCornwall, 1163\\nFerrisburgh, 17.55\\nGranville^ 545\\nGoshen. 621\\nHancock, 45,5\\nLincoln 770\\nLeicester, ^..(302\\nMiddlebury 31G1\\nMonkton, 1310\\nIN ewhaven 1503\\nPanton, 670\\nRipton 3.57\\nStarksboro, 1263\\nShorehani, 1675\\nSalisbury 942\\nVergennes, 1017\\nWeybridge, 797\\nWaltham, 283\\nVV hitinir, 660\\n23,569\\nOkange.\\nBradford, 1655\\nBraintrce, 1232\\nBrookfield, 1789\\nChelsea, 1959\\nCorinth. 1970\\nFairlee, 644\\nNewbury, 2579\\nOranyfe. 984\\nRandolph, 2o78\\nStrafford, 1761\\nThetford, 20G5\\nTopsham, 1745\\nTunbrid;,^c, 1811\\nVershire, 1198\\nWashin:jton, 1;359\\nWest Fairlee, 824\\nWilliamstown, ....1620\\n27.873\\nChittenden.\\nBurlington, 4271\\nBuel s Gore, 18\\nBolton, 470\\nColchester 1739\\nCharlotte, 1620\\nEssex, 1824\\n23.50G\\n..44\\n.142\\nCaledonia.\\nBarnet, 2030\\nBradleyvale, 50\\nBurke, 997\\nCabot, 1440\\nDanville, 2G33\\nGoshen Gore, by\\nPlaintield,\\nGoshen Gore, by\\nWalden,\\nGroton, 928\\nHardwick, 1354\\nHarris Gore, 16\\nKirby, 520\\nLyndon, 175.3\\nNewark, 3(i0\\nPeacham, 1443\\nRyenrate, 1223\\nSheffield, 821\\nSt. Johnsbury, 1887\\nSutton, lOliS\\nWalden, 913\\nWaterford, 1388\\nWheelock, ...881\\n21.891\\nHuntington, 914\\nHinesburgh, 1682\\nJerico, 1684\\nMilton, 2136\\nRichmond, 1054\\nShelburne, 1098\\nSt. George, 131\\nLTnderhill, 1441\\nWestford, 1.352\\nWilliston, 1 554\\n22.978\\nWashington.\\nBarre, 2126\\nBerlin, 1598\\nCalais 1709\\nDuxbury, 820\\nFayston 635\\nMarshfield, 1156\\nMiddlesex 1270\\nMontpelier, 3725\\nMoretown, 1128\\nMonroe, 1C92\\nNorthfield, 2013\\nPlainfield, 880\\nRoxburv 784\\nWaitsfield, 1048\\nWarren 943\\nWaterbury, 1992\\nWorcester 587\\nFranklin.\\nAvery s Gore, 35\\nBakerstield, 1206\\nBerkshire, 1818\\nEnosburgh, 2022\\nFairfax 1919\\nFairfield 24/18\\nFletcher, 1014\\nFranklin, 1410\\nGeorgia 2106\\nHighgate, 2292\\nMontsi.mery, 548\\nRichford, 914\\nSt. Albans, 2702\\nSwanton, 2312\\nSheldon 1734\\n24.5. ^2\\nOrleans.\\nAlbany, 920\\nBarton, 892\\nBrowniniTton, 486\\nCharleston, 786\\nCoventry, 786\\nCraftsburv, 1151\\nDerbv.... 1681\\nGlover. 1119\\nGreensboro, 883\\nHolland, 605\\nIrasburgh, 970\\nJay, 308\\nLowell 431\\nMorgan, 422\\nNewport, 591\\nSalem 299\\nTroy.. 856\\nWestfield 370\\nWestmore, 122\\nCoventry Gore, 10\\n13,634\\nLamoille.\\nBelvidere 207\\nCambridge 1790\\nEden, 702\\nElmore 476\\nHydepark, 1080\\nJohnson 1410\\nMansfield, 223\\nMorristown, 1502\\nStowe, 1371\\nSterling 193\\nWaterville, 610\\nWolcot, ...824\\n10,388\\nJiSSEX.\\nAverill, II\\nBloomfield, 179", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0529.jp2"}, "530": {"fulltext": "12\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nBrunswick, 130\\nBrighton; 157\\nCanaan, 378\\nConcord, 1024\\nEasthaven, 79\\nGranby, 105\\nGuildhall, 470\\nLemington, 124\\nLunenburgh, 1130\\nBennington Co., .16,877\\nWindham, 27,431\\nRutland, 30,701\\nWindsor, 40,359\\nAddison 23,569\\nOrange, 27,873\\nMaidstone, 271\\nVictory, 140\\nWinlock, ...28\\n4,226\\nGrand Isle, 724\\nIsle La Mott, 435\\nNorth Hero, 716\\nSouth HerO; 664\\n3,883\\nGrand Isle.\\nAlburgh, 1344\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nChittenden, 22,978\\nWashington, 23,506\\nCaledonia, 21,891\\nFranklin, 24,532\\nOrleans, 13,634\\nLamoille, 10,388\\nEssex,\\nGrand Isle,.\\n.4,226\\n.3,883\\n291,848\\nMASSACHUSETTS.\\nSuffolk.\\nBoston, 93,470\\nChelsea, 2390\\n957860\\nEssex.\\nAmesbury, 2471\\nAndover, 5207\\nBeverly, ..4G89\\nBoxford, 941\\nBradford, 2225\\nDanvers, 5020\\nEssex, 1453\\nGeorgetown, 1540\\nGloucester, 63()3\\nHamilton, 817\\nHaverhill, 43.37\\nIpswich, 3001\\nLynn, 9375\\nLynnfield, 701\\nManchester, 1356\\nMarblehead, 5.575\\nMethuen, 2251\\nMiddieton, 657\\nNewbury, 3789\\nNewburyport, 7161\\nRockport, 2647\\nRowley, 1203\\nSalem, 15,083\\nSalisbury, 2740\\nSaugus, 1098\\nTopsfield, 1067\\nWenham, 690\\nWest Newbury, 1560\\n95,017\\nMiddlesex.\\nActon, 1121\\nAshby 1246\\nBedford, 929\\nBillerica, 1632\\nBoxborough, 426\\nBrighton, 1425\\nBurlington, 510\\nCambridge, 8409\\nCarlisle, 556\\nCharlestown, 11 483\\nChelmsford, 1697\\nConcord, 1784\\nDracut, 2188\\nDunstable, 603\\nFramingham, 3034\\nGroton, 2136\\nHolliston, 1782\\nHopkinton, 2245\\nLexington, 1642\\nLincoln, 686\\nLittleton, 937\\nLowell, 20,816\\nMaiden, 2514\\nMarlborough, 2098\\nMedford, 2478\\nNatick, 1285\\nNewton, 3351\\nPepperell, 1571\\nReading, 2193\\nSherburne, 995\\nShirley, 957\\nSouth Reading,..,. 1517\\nStoneham, 1017\\nStow, 1230\\nSudbury, 1422\\nTewksbury, 906\\nTownsend, 1892\\nTyngsborough, 870\\nWaltham, 2504\\nWatertown, 1810\\nWayland, 998\\nWest Cambridge,.. 1363\\nWestford, 1436\\nWeston, 1092\\nWilmington, 859\\nWoburn, ...2990\\n106,635\\nWorcester.\\nAshburnham, 1652\\nAthol, 1589\\nAuburn, 649\\nBarre, 2751\\nBerlin, 763\\nBolton, 1186\\nBoylston, 797\\nBrookfield, 2472\\nCharlton, 2117\\nDana, 691\\nDouglas, 1618\\nDudley, 1352\\nFitchburg, 2604\\nGardner, 1260\\nGrafton, 2940\\nHard wick, 1789\\nHarvard, 1579\\nHolden, 1874\\nHubbardston, 1784\\nLancaster, 2019\\nLeicester, 1707\\nLeominster, 2069\\nLunenburg, 1272", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0530.jp2"}, "531": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n13\\nMendon, 3524\\nMilford, 1772\\nMillbury, 2163\\nINew Braintree, 752\\nKorthborough, ....1248\\nNorthbridge, 1448\\nNorth Brookfield,..1485\\nOakham, 1038\\nOxford, 1742\\nPaxton, 671\\nPetersham, 1775\\nPhillipston, 918\\nPrinceton, 1348\\nRoyalston, 1667\\nRutland, 1260\\nShrewsbury, 1481\\nSouthborough^ 1 145\\nSouthbridge, 2031\\nSpencer, 1604\\nSterling, 1647\\nSturbridge, 2005\\nSutton 2370\\nTempleton, 1776\\nUpton, 1466\\nUxbridge, 2004\\nWarren, 1290\\nWebster, 1403\\nWestborough, 1655\\nWest Boylston, ...1187\\nWestminster, 1645\\nWinchendon, 1754\\nWorcester, 7497\\n95,305\\nHampshire.\\nAmherst, 2551\\nBelchertown, 2554\\nChesterfield, 1132\\nCummington, 1239\\nEasthampton, 717\\nEnaeld, 976\\nGoshen 556\\nGranby 971\\nGreenwich, 824\\nHadiev, 1816\\nHatlield 932\\nMiddlefield, 1715\\nNorthampton, 3750\\nNorwich, 750\\nPelham, 956\\nPlainfield, 905\\nPrescott 780\\nSouth Hadley, 1458\\nSouthampton, 1 159\\nWare, 1380\\nWesthampton, 759\\nWilliamsburg, 1308\\nWorthington, 1198\\n30,886\\nHampden.\\nBlandford, 1425\\nBrimfield, 1419\\nChester, 1627\\nGranville, 1414\\nHolland, 423\\nLongmeadow, 1270\\nLudlow, 1267\\nMonson, 2151\\nMontgomery, 740\\nPalmer, 2139\\nRussell, 956\\nSouth wick, 1214\\nSpringfield, 10,985\\nTolland, 627\\nWales, 686\\nestfield, 3524\\nWest Springfield,.. 3626\\nWilbraham, ..1864\\n37,357\\nFranklin.\\nAshfield, 1610\\nBernardston, 992\\nBuckland, 1081\\nCharlemont, 1127\\nColeraine, 1971\\nConway, 1410\\nDeerfield, 1912\\nErving, 309\\nGill, 798\\nGreenfield, 1758\\nHawley, 978\\nHeath, 897\\nLe verett, 875\\nLeyden, 632\\nMonroe, 282\\nMontague, 1267\\nNew Salem, 1305\\nNorthfield, 1673\\nOrange, 1502\\nRowe, 703\\nShelburne, 1022\\nShutesbury, 987\\nSunderland, 720\\nWarwick, 1071\\nWendell, 875\\nWhately, ...1069\\n2 ;,829\\nBerkshire.\\nAdams, 3703\\nAlford 481\\nBecket, 1342\\nBoston Corner, 65\\nCheshire 985\\nClarksburg, 370\\nDalton, 1255\\nEgremont, 1038\\nFlorida, 441\\n44\\nGreat Barrington,..2704\\nHancock, 922\\nHinsdale, 957\\nLanesborough, 1140\\nLee, 2428\\nLenox, 1304\\nMt. Washington, ...438\\nNew Ashtbrd, 227\\nNew Marlborough,. 1682\\nOtis, 1177\\nPeru, 576\\nPittsfield 3761\\nRichmond, 1097\\nSandisfield, 1464\\nSavoy, 915\\nShetlield, 2322\\nStockbridge, 1992\\nTvringham, 1477\\nWashington, 989\\nW. Stockbridge, ...1449\\nWilliamstown, 2153\\nWindsor, 900\\n41/?54\\nNorfolk.\\nBellingham, 1055\\nBraintree, 2168\\nBrookline, 1265\\nCanton 1995\\nCohasset, 1470\\nDedham, 3291\\nDorchester, 4875\\nDover, 520\\nFoxborough 1298\\nFranklin.... 1717\\nMedfield, 883\\nMed way, 2043\\nMilton, 1822\\nNeedham, 1488\\nQuincy 3486\\nRandolph, 3213\\nRoxbury 9089\\nSharon. 1076\\nStoughton, 2142\\nWalpole, 1491\\nWeymoutli, .3738\\nWrentham, 2915\\n53,040\\nPlymouth.\\nAbington, 3514\\nBridgewatcr 2131\\nCarver, 995\\nDuxbury, 2798\\nElast Bridgewater,. .1950\\nHalifax, ....734\\nHanover, 1488\\nHanson, 1040\\nHingham, 3567\\nHull, 231", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0531.jp2"}, "532": {"fulltext": "14\\nNi:\\\\V ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nKingston,\\nrvJai siitield, i7{iU\\nINIiddleborouijh, ...dV/oo\\nN. Bndg e water, ...2bi6\\nPembroke, 1258\\nPlymouth, oiol\\nPlynipton, Sol\\nRochester, 387,)\\nScituate, 3886\\nWare li am, SOCi\\nW, Bridgewater,...120l\\n47,38b\\nBristol.\\nAttleborough, 3584\\nBerkley, BSG\\nDartmouth, 4142\\nDighton, 1378\\nEaston, 2074\\nFai- haven, 3952\\nFall River, 6738\\nSuffolk Co 95,860\\nEssex, 95,017\\nMiddlesex, 106,635\\nWorcester, 95,305\\nHampshire, 30,836\\nHampden, 37,357\\nFreetown, 1772\\nMansfield 1382\\nNew Bedford, 12,087\\nNorton, 1545\\nPaw tucket, .2184\\nRaynham, 1329\\nRehoboth, 2169\\nSeekonk, 1996\\nSomerset, 1005\\nSwanzey, 1489\\nTaunton, 7645\\nWestport, 2820\\n60.177\\nBarnstable.\\nBarnstable, 4302\\nBrewster, 1 522\\nChatham, 2334\\nDennis 2942\\nEastham, 955\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nFranklin, 28,829\\nBerkshire, 41,754\\nNorfolk, 53.040\\nPlymouth, 47,386\\nBristol, 60,177\\nBarnstable, 32,240\\nFalmouth, 2589\\nHarwich, 2930\\nOrleans, 1974\\nProvincetown, 2122\\nSandwich, 3719\\nTruro, 1920\\nVVellfleet, 2377\\nYarmouth, 2554\\n32,240\\nDuke s.\\nChilmark, 702\\nEdgartown, 1736\\nTisbury, 1520\\n3,958\\nNantucket.\\nNantucket, 9,051\\nDuke s County,.... 3958\\nNantucket, 9051\\n737.43^\\nRHODE ISLAND.\\nProvidence.\\nBurrilville, 1982\\nCranston, 2902\\nCumberland, 5224\\nFoster, 2131\\nGloucester, 2308\\nJohnson, 2477\\nNorth Providence.. 4207\\nProvidence City,. 23, 172\\nScituate, 4090\\nSmithfield, 9534\\n58 ,077\\nNewport.\\nJamestown, 365\\nLittle Compton, ...1327\\nBristol, 6,477\\nNewport, 16,874\\nMiddletown, 891\\nN e wport, 8333\\nNew Shoreham, ...1069\\nPortsmouth, 1706\\nTiverton, 3183\\n16,874\\nBristol.\\nBarrington, 549\\nBristol, 3490\\nWarren, 2438\\n^477\\nKent.\\nCoventry, 3433\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nKent, 13,084\\nProvidence, 58,077\\nEast Greenwich,... 1509\\nWarwick, 6726\\nWest Greenwich, ..1416\\n13,084\\nWashington.\\nCharlestown, 923\\nExeter, 1776\\nHopkinton 1726\\nNorth Kingston, ...2909\\nRichmond, 1361\\nSouth Kingston, .3718\\nWesterley, 1912\\n14,325\\nWashington, 14,325\\n108,837", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0532.jp2"}, "533": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n15\\nCONNECTICUT.\\nHartford.\\nAvon, 1001\\nBerlin, 3411\\nBloomfield, 986\\nBristol, 2109\\nBurlington, 1202\\nCanton 1735\\nEast Hartford, 2389\\nEast Windsor, 3600\\nEnfield, 2648\\nFarmington, 2041\\nGlastenbury, 3077\\nGranby, 2609\\nHartford City, 9468\\nHartford except Cit.3325\\nHartland, 1060\\nManchester, 1695\\nMarlborough, 713\\nSimsbury, 1895\\nSouthington, 1887\\nSuffield, 2669\\nWethersneld, 3824\\nWindsor, ..2283\\n55,627\\nN vv Haven.\\nBethany, 1171\\nBranford, 1323\\nCheshire, 1529\\nDerby 2852\\nEast Haven, 1382\\nGuilford, 2390\\nHamden, 1797\\nMadison, 1788\\nMeriden, 1880\\nMiddlebury, 761\\nMilford, 2455\\nNew Haven City, 12,960\\nNew Haven ex-\\ncept Citv..\\nNorth Branford, ...1016\\nNorth Haven, 1349\\nOrange, 1329\\nOxford, 1625\\nProspect, 548\\nSoutnbury, 1542\\nWallingford, 2255\\nWaterbury, 3668\\nWolcott 633\\nWoodbridge, 958\\n48,641\\n..1430\\nNew London.\\nBozrah, 1063\\nColchester, 2101\\nEast Lyme, 1412\\nFranklin, 1000\\nGriswold, 2166\\nGroton, 2963\\nLebanon, 2195\\nLedyard, 1871\\nLisbon, 1052\\nLyme, 2856\\nMontville, 1990\\nNew London, 5517\\nNorth Stonington,.2270\\nNorwich City, 4200\\nNorwich except onqn\\nCity, ^..M6J\\nPreston, 1727\\nSalem, 809\\nStonington, 3898\\nWaterford, 2329\\n44,458\\nFairfield.\\nBridgport City, 3294\\nBridgport except ,r,-r\\nCUy, 5^2,6\\nBrookfield, 12.^5\\nDanbury, 4503\\nDarien, 1080\\nFairfield, 3654\\nGreenwich, 3921\\nHuntington, 1328\\nMonroe, 1355\\nJNew Canaan, 2217\\nNew Fairfield, 956\\nNewtown, 3189\\nNor walk, 3869\\nRedding, 1675\\nPudsefield, 2474\\nSherman, 9.38\\nStamford, 3516\\nStratford, 1808\\nTrumbull, 1205\\nWeston, 2561\\nWest Port, 1802\\nWilton, 2057\\n49,933\\nWindham.\\nAshford, 2651\\nBrooklyn, 1478\\nCanterbury, 1777\\nChaplain, 794\\nHampton, 1 165\\nKiliinvglv, 3685\\nPlainfieid, 2384\\nPomfret, 18G8\\nSterling, 1099\\nThompson, 3535\\nVoluntown, 1186\\nWindham, 338i\\nWoodstock, 3054\\n28,057\\nLitchfield.\\nBarkhamstead, ....1573\\nBethlem, 776\\nCanaan, 2166\\nColebrook, 1234\\nCornwell, 1703\\nGoshen, 1629\\nHarwinton, 1201\\nKent, 1759\\nLitchfield, 4038\\nNew Hartford, 1708\\nNew Milford, 3974\\n.Norfolk, 1393\\nPlymouth, 2205\\nRoxbury, 971\\nSalisbury, 2551\\nharon, 2407\\nTorrington, 1707\\nWarren, 873\\nWashington, 1622\\nWatertown, 1442\\nWinchester, 1666\\nWoodbury, 1947\\n40.445\\nMiddlesex,\\nChatham, 3413\\nChester, 974\\nClinton, 1239\\nDurham, 1095\\nEast Haddam, 2625\\nHaddam, 2598\\nKillingworth, 1136\\nMiddlelown City,. .3511\\nMiddletown ex- ncnn\\ncept City, 3\\nSavbrook, 3417\\nWestbrook, 1182\\n24,883\\nTolland.\\nBolton, 742\\nColumbia, 841\\nCoventry, 2017\\nEllington, 1356\\nHebron, 1721\\nMansfield, 2276\\nSomeis, 1621\\nStafford, 2469\\nTolland, 1566\\nUnion, 667\\nVernon, 1435\\nWellington, ..1268\\n17,979", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0533.jp2"}, "534": {"fulltext": "16\\nNEW ENGLAND GAZETTEER.\\nHartford Co 55,627\\nNew Haven, 48,641\\nNew London,.... 44,458\\nFairfield, 49,933\\nRECAPITULATION.\\nWindham, 28,057\\nLitchfield, 40,445\\nMiddlesex, 24,883\\nTolland,.\\n.17,979\\n310,023\\nRECAPITULATION OF STATES.\\nMaine, 501,796\\nNew Hampshire, 283,951\\nVermont, 29 1 ,848\\nMassachusetts, 737,495\\nRhode Island, 108,837\\nConnecticut, 310,023\\nTotal Population of New England in 1840,.. 2,233 ,950\\nE 90?", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0534.jp2"}, "535": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0535.jp2"}, "536": {"fulltext": "1\\ni", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0536.jp2"}, "537": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0537.jp2"}, "538": {"fulltext": "I", "height": "3378", "width": "1939", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0538.jp2"}, "539": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3389", "width": "2022", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0539.jp2"}, "540": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\nD0E37 ^3bb0\\nmm\\nil JJ ii\u00c2\u00bb iiJ", "height": "3567", "width": "2160", "jp2-path": "newenglandgazett00lchayward_0540.jp2"}}