{"1": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3344", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3214", "width": "1914", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3224", "width": "1849", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3210", "width": "1859", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3224", "width": "1849", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3210", "width": "1859", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "AN\\nABRIDGMENT\\nOF THE\\nHISTORY OF NE W.ENGLAND,\\nFOR THE USE OF YOUNG PERSONS.\\nKOW INTRODUCED INTO THE PRINCIPAL SCHOOLS\\nIN THIS TOWN.\\nBy HANNAH ADAMS.\\nSECOND EDITION.\\nCopy Right Secured.\\nBOSTON\\nPUBLISHED BY ETHERIDGE BLISS,\\nNo. 12, Cornhill.\\nSOLD ALSO B\\\\ S. ETHEPIDGE, CHARLESfOWN.\\n1807.\\nBelcher Armstrong^ Printr", "height": "3233", "width": "1831", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": ",f\\\\. 2-\\n7fU\\nDISTRICT or MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT\\nBE it remembered, that on the 12th day of February, in th\u00c2\u00a9\\nthirty -first year of the Independence of the United States of\\nAmerica, Hannah Adams, of the said district, has deposited\\nin this office the title of a book, the right whereof she claims\\nas author, in tlie words following-, to wit An Abridgment\\nof the History of New-England, for the use of young persons.\\nNow introduced into the principal schools in this town. By\\nHannah Adams. Second edition.\\nIn conformity to the act of the Congress of the United\\nStates, intitled, An act for the encouragement of learning,\\nby securing the copies of maps, cha.rts and books to the authors\\nand proprietors of such copies, during the times therein men-\\ntioned and also to an act intitled, An act supplementary to\\nan act, intitled. An act for the encouragement of learning, by\\nsecuring the copies of Map\u00c2\u00ab, Charts and Books, to the authors\\nand proprietors of such copies during the times therein men-\\ntioned and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of de-\\nsigning, engraving, and etching, historical and other prints.\\nWilliam S. Shaw, Clerk of the District\\nMassachusetts.\\nI", "height": "3206", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE.\\nTHE candid reception xvhich the public have\\ngiven to the Abridgment of the History of\\nj\\\\ew- England^ has induced the compiler to print\\nanother edition^ with sojne ^additions, n hich she\\nhopes will be received rvith equal candor. The\\nnarrow limits of the work would not permit a\\nparticular delineation of the characters of our\\nexcellent ancestors enough, however, she trusts\\nis said to impress the minds of young persons\\nwith veneration for those eminent men, to whom\\ntheir posterity are so highly indebted,\\nIn order to understand, more clearly, some\\nparts of this little work, it is necessary for young\\nreaders to obtain a general knowledge of the\\nHistory of England, during the period which k\\ncomprises. When they wish for further infor-\\nmation respecting the history of their own coun-\\ntry, they are referred to those large and valuable\\nworks from which the abridgment is collected.\\nFor the corrections in the chronology, atid some\\nof the additions, the editor is indebted to Dr,\\nHolmes American Annals, wliich elegant work\\nis eminently useful to the public in promoting a\\ncorrect knowledge of the history of the American\\ncolonics.\\nThe Questions to each chapter, are inserted in\\nthe Appendix, in order to render the abridgment\\nmore useful for schools. Yoimg people may find\\nanswers in the sections referred to and in this\\nway, imprint upon their memories the leading\\nevents in the history of their own country.\\nThe compiler desires to make her public ac-\\nknowledge ments to those respectable literary^", "height": "3220", "width": "1794", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "IV.\\ngentlemen who have patronized her work she is\\nse7isible that actuated by the tnost disifiterested\\nmotives, they have exerted themselves to promote\\nher usefulness and welfare and regrets that\\na feeble state of healtli may prevent her\\nevincing^ by future exertion, her ambition to\\nmerit their good opinion but she will ever\\ncherish the most lively gratitude and take plea-\\nsure in the idea that their benevolence will be re-\\nwarded by the great Author of every blemng.", "height": "3206", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "C O N T E N T S.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nDISCOVERY of America by Columbus. Of the perseca*-\\ntion in England and settlement of Plymouth.\\nCHAPTER IL\\nOf the settlement of Massachusetts rapid increase of the\\ncolony J government, relig-ion and character of the settlers.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nOf the settlement of New-Hampshire, the Province, of Mahj,.\\nConnecticut and New-Haven.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nOf the settlement of Providence, Rhode-Island, an-1 some:\\nother places. The inhabitants of Narrag-anset Bay obtain a\\npatent.\\nCHAPTER V.\\nWar v. ith the Peqviod Indians. Carabridgp Colleg-e founded.\\nNew-Hampshire submits to Massachusetts in 1641 and the,\\nProvince of Maine in 1652. Other particulars respecting tha\\ncolonies.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nState of the Indians, when New-England was first settled.\\nOf their conversion to Christianity.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nThe New-England churfckes establish a platform of govern-\\nment. The colonists form their codes of litw. Persecution of\\nthe Baptists and Quaiiera.\\nCHAPTER VI I r.\\nThird Synod in New-England. Of the charters granted to\\nConnecticut and Rhode-Islnnd. Charles II. sends^ Commission^-\\ners to the colonies.\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nOf the war with Pliilip and the Eastern Indians. Peac\u00c2\u00ab\\nKatified. Synod in Massachusetts.\\nCHAPTER X.\\nOf the separation of New-Hampshire from Massachusetts.\\nArbitrary proceedings of the English goyeriynent. Of the.new\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2harter granted to Massachusetts.", "height": "3220", "width": "1794", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VI.\\nCHAPTER XL\\nWar with the Eastern Indians. Of the suppo.sed witchcrafts\\nin New-England.\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nWar with the French and Indians. Yale College founded.\\nPort Royal surrendered. Unsuccessful attempt against Canjtda.\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nOf the altercations of the colony of Massachusetts with their\\ngovernours. Innoculation for the Small-pox introduced. War\\nwith the Indians. First settlement made in Vermont.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nNew-Hampshire is separated from the jurisdiction of Massa-\\nchusetts. Reduction of Louisburg. Dispersion of the French\\nseet.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nWar between the French nation and British colonies. The\\nProvince of Canada reduced. General Peace. Prosperous\\nstate of Great-Britain at this period.\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nProvidence College founded. Of the Stamp Act, aYid the\\nsucceeding altercations between Great-Britain and her colonies.\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nCommencement of hostilities at Lexington. Battle at Bun-\\nker Hill, and other military transactions of the colonies.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nBoston evacuated. Declaration ^f Independence. Battle at\\nLong-Island. Captain Hale executed by the British. Military\\ntransactions. Surrender of Burgoyne s army at Saratoga.\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nTreaty between France and America. British sent Commis-\\nsioners. Their terms rejected. Military operations from 1773\\nto irsi.\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nMilitary movements of Lord Cornwallls. He surrenders\\nhis army. Peace concluded. Difficulties after the Peace. Es-\\ntablishment of the Federal Constitution.", "height": "3206", "width": "1809", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "HISTORY\\nOF\\nNEW-ENGLAND.\\nCHAPTER L\\n1608\u00e2\u0080\u0094 162C.\\nDiscover 1/ of America by Colunibus. Divisions\\nin England after the Reformation. Persecu-\\ntions under the Reigns of Elizabeth andJam^s.\\nMr. Robinson and his Congregation remove to\\nHolland, Part of his Congregation embark\\nfor America, Their Settlement at Plymouth,\\nand the Hardships they endured. They are\\njoined by a small Party, Treaty of Alliance\\nwith the Indian Princes. Death and Charac-\\nter of Mr. Robijison. A Number of the Ley-\\nden Congregation arrive at Plymouth. The\\nColonists obtain a Patent. Religion Govern-\\nmsnt^ and Character of the Settlers.\\n1. X HE discovery of America is one of\\nthe most celebrated achievements in the annals of\\n^history. Cliristopher Columbus, the discover-\\ner, was a native of the republic of Genoa. He\\nwas born in 1447, and, at the age of fourteen,\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2entered upon a sea-faring life, in which profes-\\nsion he was eminently distinguished. After a\\nlong and fruitless application to several courts of\\nEurope, his plan of exploring new regions ob", "height": "3220", "width": "1794", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "6 History of Nexv -England.\\ntained the approbation of Isabella, queen of Cas-\\ntile. Through her patronage he set sail, in the\\nyear 1492, with three small vessels, whieh con-\\ntained one hundred and twenty seamen.\\n2. The formidable difficulties which attended\\nhis voyage to regions hitherto unexplored, were\\nat leno th surmounted bv his astonishing forti-\\ntude and perseverance. After discovering sev-\\neral of the West India Islands he built a fort,\\nand left a garrison of thirty-five men in Hispani-\\nola to maintain the Spanish pretensions in that\\ncountry. He set out on his return to Spain in\\n1493, and arrived in March, with the joyful\\nintelligence of a new world, excelling the\\nkingdoms of Europe in gold and silver, and\\nblest with a luxuriant soil.\\n3. The voyages of Columbus paved the way\\nfor other European adventurers, who were stim-\\nulated by ambition and avarice to make farther\\ndiscoveries until, finally the rich empires of\\nMexico and Peru were subdued by lawless in-\\nvaders. The feeling heart bleeds in reviewing\\nthe histor} of South America, and is filled with\\nhorrour at the successful illany of its intrepid\\nconquerors\\n4. The history of North America exhibits a\\nvery different scene. The desire of enjoying\\nreligious liberty w^as the grand object, which in-\\nduced many of the first settlers of that country\\nto encounter a variety of hardships in the wilder-\\nness of the new world. The settlements of\\nNew- England, which are the particular objects\\nof the ensuing history, owe their rise to the re-\\nSoe Robc^son s History of South America.", "height": "3197", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "History of Xexv- England, 7\\nligious disputes which attended the reformation\\nin England.\\n5. When king Henry 8th renounced the pa-\\npal supremacy, he set up himself as the supreme\\nhead of the English church, and commanded\\nhis subjects to pay allegiance to hmi m that ca-\\npacity. His claim was maintained by his son\\nand successor Edward 6th, in whose reigii the\\nreformation from popery made great progress,\\nand a service book was published by royal au-\\nthority, as tlie standard of worship and disci-\\npline. He was succeeded by his sister Mary,\\na bigoted papist, who raised such a violent per-\\nsecution against the protestants that many fied\\ninto Germany and the Netherlands, where they\\ndeparted from the uniformity estahlkhed in En-\\ngland, and became divided intfiOT sentiments\\nand practice respecting religious v;orship.\\n6. At the accession of Elizabeth, they return-\\ned to their native country with sanguine hopes\\nof reforming the church of England, according\\nto the respective opinions they had entertained\\nin their exile. But they found that the queen\\nwas fond of the establishment made in the reign\\nof her brother Edward, and strongly prejudiced\\nin favour of pomp and ceremony in religion.\\nShe asserted her supremacy in the most absolute\\nterms, and erected a high commission court\\nwith extensive jurisdiction in ecclesiastical af-\\nfairs.\\n7. During her reign, those who refused to\\nconform to the church of England were severely\\npersecuted. Some were cast into prison, where\\n:i number perished, and a few were put to death-", "height": "3216", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "8 History of New-England.\\nIn consequence of these rigorous proceedings^\\na separation from the established church took\\nplace. Those who were desirous of a further\\nseparation from the Romish superstitions, and of\\na more pure and perfect form of religion, were\\ndenominated puritans.\\n8. The persecution of the puritans was con-\\ntinued with great severity during the reign of\\nJames 1st, which induced Mr. Robinson, a dis-\\nsenting clergyman in England, with a part of\\nhis congregation, to remove to Amsterdam in\\nHolland, A. D. 1608, and the next year they\\nsettled at Ley den, where they enjoyed the free\\nexercise oftheir religious opinions.\\n9. After twelve }Tars residence in Holland\\nthey meditated a removal to America. The\\nprincipal motives which induced them to form\\nthis design were as follow. The unhealthi-\\n.ness of the low country where they resided\\nthe hard labours to which they were subjected\\nthe dissipated manners of the Hollanders, par-\\nticularly their lax observance of the Lord s day;\\nthe apprehension of war at the conclusion of the\\ntruce between Spain and Holland which was\\nthen near its close. They wished to avoid the\\ninconvenience of incorporating with the Dutch\\nthey were animated with the hope of propagating\\nthe gospel in the remote parts of the world and\\nforming a church free from the admixture of\\nhuman additions, and a system of civil policy\\nunfettered v ith the arbitrary institutions of the\\nold world. t\\nNeaVs Hist, of the Puritans. Belknap s Hist, of Ne v.\\nHaiDpshire. f Prince s Chronology, vol, i. page 82", "height": "3197", "width": "1877", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "History of A exv-Enghmd. 9\\n10. As^ America appeared a proper place for\\nthe execution of their designs, after serious and\\nrepeated addresses to heaven for direction, they\\nresolved to cross the Atlantic and made it the\\nfirst object of their solicitude to secure the free\\nexercise of their religion.\\n11. Upon their applying to king James 1st, 1619\\nhe gave them private assurance that he \u00e2\u0096\u00a0should\\nnot molest them, if they behaved peaceably but\\nhe persisted in refusing to tolerate them by pub-\\nlic authority. The hope however that the dis-\\ntance of their situation would secure them from\\nthe jurisdiction of ecclesiastical courts induced\\nthem, to resolve upon pursuing their plan hence\\nthey solicited and obtained from the Virginian\\ncompany the grant of a tract of land v/ithin the\\nlimits of their patent..\\n12. As it^vasnot convenient for all to remove 1620\\nat first, the majority, with their pastor, conclud-\\ned to remain for the present in Ley den. Mr.\\nWilliam Brewster,* assistant to Mr. Robinson,\\nwas chosen to attend the first adventurers. Tv/o\\nships vrere prepared, one of which Vvas fitted out\\nin Holland, and the other hired in London.\\nMr. William Brewster v/as born in England, 1560. Wilii\\nthe minority of the church in Leyden he came to New England,\\nand suffered all the hardships attending their settlement in the\\nwilderness. He partook with them of labour, hunger and\\nwatching his bible, and his arms were equallv familiar to him-;\\nand he was always ready for any duty or suffering to which lie\\nwas exposed.\\nSome time .after their arrival, while they were expecting Mr.\\nRobinson, and the remainder of jiis church would follow thenn\\nto Amei ica, Mr. Brewster frequently officiated as a preacher\\nbut never could be persuaded to administer the sacraments, or\\ntake upon him the pa.storial office. In his public discourses he\\nwasdear and distinguishing as well as pathetic. He died in\\nthe year 1644, Belknap s American Biosrraphy.\\nB 2", "height": "3208", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 History of JVew-EnghmL\\n13. When the time of separation drew nighy\\ntheir pastor preached a farewell discourse, from\\nEzra viii. 21. A large concourse of friends\\nfrom Leyden and Amsterdam accompanied the\\nemigrants to the ship, which lay at Delft Haven.\\nThe night was spent in fervent and affectionate\\nprayers, and in that pathetic intercourse of soul,\\nwhich persons of sensibiUty can better conceive\\nof than describe. The affecting scene drew\\ntears even from the eyes of strangers. When\\nthe period in which the voyagers were about to\\ndepart arrived, they all with their beloved pas-\\ntor fell on their knees, and with eyes, hands and\\nhearts raised to heaven, fervently commended\\ntheir adventuring brethren to the blessing of the\\nLord. Thus, after mutual embraces, accom-\\npanied with many tears, they bade a long, and\\nto many of them a final adieu.\\n14. On the 22d of July they sailed for\\nSouthampton, where they met the ship from\\nLondon, and on the 5th of August both vessels\\nproceeded to sea, but returned twice into port,\\non account of defects in the one from Delft,\\nwhich was dismissed.\\n15. An ardent desire of enjoying religious\\nliberty finally overcame all difficulties. A com-\\npany of an hundred and one persons betook\\nIfhemselves to the London ship, and on the 6th\\nof September sailed from Plymouth in England.\\nTheir destination was to Hudson s river but\\nthe Dutch, Avith a view of planting a colony in\\nthat place, bribed the pilot to conduct them so\\nPrmo\u00e2\u0082\u00ac*s Ckronology, vol. i pag-e 66i", "height": "3197", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv-England, 1 1\\nfar to the north, that the first land in America\\nwhich they made was Cape Cod.*\\n16. As they \\\\\\\\ere not within the hmits of\\ntheir patent from the South Virginia Company, f\\nthey saw the necessity of estabHshing a separate\\ngovernment for themselves. Accordingly, be-\\nfore they landed y after offering their devout and\\nardent acknowledgm^ents to God for their safe\\nai rival, they formed tliemselves into a body po-\\nlitic under the crown of England, for the pur-\\npose of establishing just and equal laws for the\\npublic good. On the 10th of November the\\nadventurers subscribed a contract which they\\nmade the basis of their government and chose\\nMr. John Carver, a gentleman of piety and ap-\\nproved abilities, to be their governour the first\\nyear, and the practice of an annual election con-^\\ntinued unchanged during the existence of their\\ngovernment, f\\n17. The first object of the emigrants, after\\ndisembarkation, was to fix on a convenient place\\nfor settlement. In this attempt they were ob-\\nliged to encounter numerous difficulties and\\nsuffer incredible hardships- These difficulties\\nthey at length surmounted and on the 3 1st of\\nDecember they chose a place which they called\\nMorton*s New-England Memorial.\\nf A patent or charter is a writing* conferring some privilege\\nby government. In the year 1606^ King James I. by a patent\\ndivided that portion of America which stretches from the thirty-\\nfourth to the forty-fifth degree of latitude, info two districts,\\nnearly equal. The Southern, called the first colony, he granted\\nto certain gentlemen, chiefly resident in London. The North-\\nern district he allotted to several knights, gentlemen and mer-\\nchants of Bristol, Plymouth, and other parts of the west of\\nEngland. See D. Holmes American Annals, vol, i, p. 152..\\nMather s Magnalia, vol. i. page 6.", "height": "3208", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 History of New-England,\\nNew- Plymouth, in grateful remem])rance of the\\n1620 town which they left in their native country.\\n18. It was a fortunate event for the new co-\\nlony, that two or three years previously to their\\narrival such a number of the natives had been\\ndestroyed and wasted by war and pestilence,\\nthat there was less to be apprehended from their\\nhostility, than there ould have been in their\\nformer flourishing state.\\n19. The prospects and situation of the Plym-\\nouth settlers were gloomy beyond expression.\\nThe company which landed consisted of 101\\npersons. They were three thousand miles from\\ntheir native country, with a dreary winter before\\nthem, in an uncultivated wilderness, inhabited\\nonly by savages. Their only civilized neigh-\\nbouis were a French settlement at Port Royal,\\nand an English settlement in Vii-ginia the near-\\nest of which was five hundred miles distant,\\nmuch too remote to aiford a hope of relief in a\\ntime of danger or famine.^ To obtain a supply\\nof provisions by cultivating the stubborn soil,\\nrequired an immensity of previous labour, and\\nwas at best a distant and uncertain dependance,\\nK mortal s;ckness aug-mented their Ct\\\\lamities\\niorty-five of their number died before the open-\\ning of the next spring, of disorders occasioned\\nby their tedious voyage with insuflieient accom-\\nmodations, and theii uncommon exertions and\\nfatigues.^\\n20. The new colony supported these com-\\nplicated hardships with heroic fortitude. To\\nenjoy full liberty to worship God, according to\\nPrince s Chrgnolo^y, ygl. i. page 98.", "height": "3197", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "History of JVexu- England. IS\\nthe dictates of their consciences, was esteemed\\nby them the greatest of blessings. The religious\\nfervour, which induced them to abandon their\\nnative countr)^, fortified their minds and enabled\\nthem to surmount every difficulty, which could\\ntry their patience, or evince their firmness.\\n21. As early as March, Massassoit, one of 1621.\\nthe most powerful sagamores^- of the neighbour-\\ning Indians, with sixty attendants, paid them a\\nvisit and entered into a treaty of peace and ami-\\nty. They reciprocally agreed to avoid injuries,\\nto punish offenders, to restore stolen goods, to\\naiford mutual assistance in all justifiable v/ars, ta\\npromote peace among their neighbours, :c.\\nMassassoit and his successors, for fifty years,\\ninviolably observed this treaty. His example\\nwas followed by others. On the 13th of Sep-\\ntember nine neighbouring sachemsf subscribed\\na writing acknowledging subjection to the king\\nof England 4\\n22. To the unspeakable satisfaction of the\\nPlymouth settlers, their associates in England\\nsent them a supply of necessaries, and a rein-\\nforcement of colonists in November. By this\\narrival they received a charter procured for them\\nby the adventurers in London who had been\\noriginally concerned with them in this enter-\\nprize.\\n23. The Ply moil thlans purchased of the In-\\ndian proprietors a right to the lands which they\\ncultivated, and for several yeai s after their arri-\\nA king- or supreme ruler among the American Indians.\\nt A prince or chief among the American Indians.\\nI Mather, Book i. page 10.", "height": "3208", "width": "1909", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 History of New-Engkind,\\nval the whole property of the colony was in\\ncommon, from which every person was furnish-\\ned with necessary articles.\\n24. At the close of the year 1624, the plan-\\ntation consisted of 180 persons. They had\\nbuilt a town consisting of thirty-two dwelling\\nhouses, erected a citadel for its defence, and\\nlaid out farms for its support.\\n25. The following yeai the new colony re-\\n1625 cei\\\\ ed the melancholy intelligence of the death\\nof Rev. Mr. Robinson, who died at Lej den in\\nthe month of March, in the fiftieth year of his\\nage. The character of this excellent man. who\\nw^as distinguished both by his natural abilities\\nand an highly cultivated mind, was greatly digni-\\nfied by the mild and amiable virtues of Chris-\\ntianity. He possessed a liberality of sentiment,\\nwhich was uncommon for the age in which he\\nlived. He was revered and esteemed by the\\nDutch divines, venerated and beloved by his\\npeopLe and the harmony which subsisted be-\\ntween them was perfect and uninterrupted.\\n26. Mr. Robinson s death was greatly la-\\nmented by the people at Plymouth, who were\\nflattering themselves with the pleasing hope of\\nhis speedy ai rival in New-England. After his\\ndecease another pait of his congregation joined\\ntheir brethren in America. In the beginning of\\nthe year. 1629, they chose Mr. Ralph SmiiU for\\ntheir pastor.\\n27. The new colonists made it their princi-\\n,pal object to form churches, on what they sup-\\nposed to be the gospel plan. They embraced\\nthe congregational system, and were of opinion", "height": "3197", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv-England, 15\\nthat no churches, nor church oflicers had any\\npower to control other churches and officers, and\\nthat all church members had equal rights and\\nprnileges. Their church officers were pastors,\\nruling elders, and deacons. In doctrinal points,\\ntheir sentiments were strictly Calvinistic*\\n28. Respecting their civil principles, an ar^\\ndent lo^-e of liberty, an unshakeif attachment to\\nthe rights of men, with a desire to transmit them\\nto their latest posterity, were the principles which\\ngo^-erned their conduct. They made the gen-\\neral la^\\\\-s of England their rule of government,\\nand added such municipal laws, as were from\\ntime to time found necessary to re2:ulate new\\nand emergent cases, which were unprovided for\\nby the common and statute laws of England, f\\n29. It appears from the above account that\\nthe Plymouthians were a plain, industrious, con-\\nscientious, and pious people. Though their\\npiety was fervent, yet it was also rational, and.\\ndisposed them to a strict observance of the mo-\\nral and social duties. The leadingVhai*acters a-\\nniong them were men of superior abilities and\\nundaunted fortitude. The respectable names\\nof Carver, Bradford, Winslow, Prince, and\\nothers are immortalized in the annals of New-\\nEngland, f\\nPrince s Chronology. Hutchinson, vol. ii. pRg e467.\\nt Thoug^h gtjvernor Hutchinson has asserted that the colonr\\nof Plymouth never established any distinct code or body of\\nlaws, it appears, by the testimony of other historians, that in\\n1636 their code of laws was revised, and capital crimes were\\nenumerated and defined. In 1671, it was again revised, and the\\nnext year printed with this title The book of the g-eneral\\nlaws of the inhabitants of the jurisdiction of New- Plymouth.\\nSee Belknap s Americftn Biography, vol. ii. p. 243.\\nSee an account of the church of Plymouth, in the Historic\\nca^ Collections for the yew 1794.", "height": "3204", "width": "1887", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16 History of Nexv-EiiglancL\\n30. When the plantation amounted to about\\n630 three hundred persons, they obtained a patent\\nfrom the comicil of Ph^mouth. By this errant\\ntheir lands were secured against all English\\nclaims.\\n3 1 From the history of the first settlers of New\\nEngland, the persecution which they suffered in\\ntheir native country, the motives which induced,\\nthem to emigrate, and the pious zeal which ani-\\nmated them to encounter the hardships of effec-\\nting a new settlement, the rising generation\\nmay learn the most important lessons of pie-\\nty and industry. Education and early habits\\nform the great outline of the human character\\nmuch earlier than many are willing to admit.\\nReligious principles imbibed in youth lay a foun-\\ndation for future excellence in every science,\\nprofession, and business. To industry we owe\\ntlie comforts of civilized life. By industry the\\n^Vilderness of the new world ^vas converted into\\na fruitful field. Those who have risen to emi-\\nnence from a low situation, have generally un-\\nder Providence, owed their success to having\\nacquired early habits of persevering diligenee.\\n52. We ou2:ht however to be excited to in-\\ndustry from nobler motives, than merely to gain\\nfortune and reputation in this w^orld. It is the\\ncommand of heaven, that we use every exertion\\nto improve the talents, \\\\Ahich our great Creator\\nhas afforded us. Time is one of his most pre-\\ncious gifts on a proper and diligent use of\\nwhich depend our success in life, and our w.eM\\n.being and happiness through eternity.", "height": "3210", "width": "1821", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "History of New -En gland. 17\\n33. Young people also may learn not to be\\ntoo easily deterred by apparent difficulties from\\nany undertaking which is sanctioned by duty.\\n-Had our ancestors previously made a timid and\\nprudent calculation of the trials they^vere to en-\\ncounter in a desart land, inhabited by sa^^ages,\\nthey probably would never have been able to\\naccomplish their important design. By over-\\ncoming one difficulty the mind acquires new\\nenergy, and, whilst pursuing the path of duty\\nand humbly relying on divine Providence, is at\\nlength enabled to achieve what at first appeared\\nimpossible. This was the case with our ances-\\ntors, when they effected a settlement in this part\\nof the new world.\\nCHAPTER n.\\n1625\u00e2\u0080\u00941634.\\nPersecution in England, Settlement of the\\nMassachusetts Colony, A Charter obtained.\\nSalem founded and a Church incorporated.\\nLarge Additions made to the Plantation, Suf-\\nferings of the emigrants. Boston founded,\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0Union between Plymouth and Massachusetts.\\nGreat numbers arrive from England. Of the\\nMassachusetts Government, Religion of the\\nfirst Settlers of that Colony. Their Character:\\n1. Whilst the settlers of Plymouth coIo- 1630\\nny were encountering various difficulties, their", "height": "3204", "width": "1865", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "IS Ilistorij of Nexv -England.\\nbrethren, the puritans in England, were suffer-\\ning a severe persecution. Under the reign of\\nCharles I. the government of the church was\\ncommitted to archbishop Laud, a man of warm\\npassions and strong prejudices. He entertained\\nexalted ideas of the authority of the ecclesiastical\\nhierarchy, and ^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0as determined to support it by\\ncoercive measures. His aversion to the puri-\\ntans compelled him to prosecute them with rig-\\norous severity. In the high commission court\\nand star chamber they were imprisoned, fined, and\\nbanished in an arbitrary and illegal manner.*\\n2. This oppressive government induced sev-\\neral men of eminence to meditate a removal to\\nAmerica, if they should fail ia their measures\\nfor establishing civil and religious liberty in\\ntheir native country. For this purpose, they\\nolDtaincd grapts of land in New-England, and\\nwere assiduous in settling them. Among these\\npatentees were the lords Brook, Say, and Seal,\\nthe Pelhams, the Hampdens, and the Pyms,\\nnames which have since been greatly distinguish-\\ned in tlie annals of their country.\\n3. In 1625, a small party from Plymouth,\\nunder the conduct of Mr. Roger Conant, set-\\ntled on that part of the American coast, now cal-\\nled Salem. The various difficulties they were\\nobliged to encounter, induced them to meditate\\na return to England. The execution of their\\ndesign was prevented by Mr. White of Dor-\\n1627 Chester a puritan clergyman, who, having pro-\\n;ccted an asylum in America for the persecuted\\nSee Rapln*5 Hist.of EngUnd, and NQ*r\u00c2\u00ab Hist, of the puritan*", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "History of A^ew-England. 19\\nof his own persuasion, promised speedily to send\\nthem a patent, supphes, and friends. He en-\\ngaged a number of leading characters to interest\\nthemselves in his plan. On the 19th of March,\\nSir Henry Roswell and several other gentlemen\\nin the neighbourhood of Dorchester^ received a\\npatent of Massachusetts Bay from the company\\nof Plymowdi.\\n4. These gentlemen petitioned for a royal\\ncharter, under the idea, that their existence and\\npowers would be thereby secured and promoted.\\nThey succeeded, and a charter of incorporation\\nwas granted by king Charles I. constituting\\nthem a body politic, by the name of The\\ngovernour and company of Massachusetts Bay in\\nNew-England, with as ample povrers as any\\ncorporation in the realm of E ngland The patent\\nrecited the grant of American territory -to the\\ncouncil of Plymouth in 1620. It regranted Mas-\\nsachusetts Bay to Sir Henry Roswell and others.\\n5. The whole executive power of the cor-\\nporation was vested in a governour, deputy gov\\nernour, and eighteen assistants and until the\\nannual election of the company could commence,\\nthe governour, deputy-governour, and eighteen\\nassistants were specified. The governour and\\nseven or more assistants were authorised to meet\\nin monthly courts for dispatching such business^\\nas concerned the company or settlement. But\\nthe legislative powers of the corporation were\\nvested in a more popular assembly, composed of\\nthe governour, deputy governour, the assistants,\\nand freemen of the company. This assembly\\nwas to be convened on the last Wednesday of each", "height": "3236", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20 History of New-Englartd,\\n1628 of the four annual terms, by the title of the Gen-\\neral Court^ was empowered to enact laws and\\nordinances for the good of the body politic and\\nthe government of the plantation, and its inhab-\\nitants,, provided they should not be repugnant to\\nthe laws and statutes ofEns^land. This assembly,\\nwas empowered to elect their governour, deputy\\ngx)vernour, and other necessary officers, and to\\nconfer the freedom of the company. The com-\\npany was allowed to transport persons, merchant\\ndize, weapons, Stc. to New-England,, exempted\\nfrom duty, for the term of seven years and\\nemigrants were entitled to all the privileges of\\nEnglishmen. Such ai*e the general outlines\\nof the charter.^\\n6. Soon after the patent of Massachusetts\\nreceived the royal confirmation, Capt. Endicot,\\nvdth one hundred persons, was sent over to pre-\\npare the way for the settlement of a permanent\\ncolony at Salem, the first town in Massachusetts.\\n1629 following year they were joined by two\\nhundred planters from England. One hundred\\nof whom removed and settled at Charlestown.\\n7. Agreeably to the professed design of their\\nemigi ation the new settlers made it their primary\\nconcern to form a church at Salem, upon\\na similar plan of order and discipline with that of\\ntheir brethern at Plvmouth. Messrs. Skelton\\nand Higgenson| were ordained pastor and teach-\\nSee Massachusetts colony charter hi Hutchinson s collection\\nof papers, p. 2, 3, 4, 5, c.\\nt The Rev. Francis Hig-genson came to Massachusetts in.\\n.1629. He was a truh evang elical preacher, and enforced the\\ndoctrines he taug-ht with persuasive eloquence. He was revered\\nan.d beloved by his people and celebrated for the intellectual,\\nmoral aiid relig-ious excellence of his character. His deaths\\nhicli took place in 1.630, was grcxtl} lamented.", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "History of JVexv-Englcmd, 21\\ner. The Messengers from the church of Plym-\\nouth, who \\\\vere convoked on this solemn occa-\\nsion, gave the right hand of fellowship, by which\\nceremony tlte two churches professed mutual\\naffection and communion.*\\n8. Several gentlemen of fortune and distin-\\nguished reput^ion made proposals to the Massa-\\nchusetts company for settling with their families\\nin America, on condition that the government\\nshould be transferred to tl ie inhabitants. A Gen-\\neral Court w^as convened, by whom their plan\\nwas accepted, and the company proceeded to a\\nnev/ election of officers, who were to repair to and\\nsettle in New- England, John Winthrop, Esq.\\nof Groton in Suffolk, a gentlemen of distinguished\\npiety and ability, was chosen governour, Mr.\\nThos. Dudley was elected deputygovernour, f and\\nother worthy persons were chosen for their council.\\n9. After this revolution was effected, seven-\\nteen ships sailed from England containing fif-\\nteen hundred persons, among w^hom were the\\ngovernour and assistants with their ch:irter.\\nThey arrived in Salem, June 12th. The 6th of\\nJuly was, in consequence of their safe arrival,\\ncelebrated as a day of public thanksgiving-, in\\nall the settlements in New- England.\\n10. Many of the first settlers of Massachu-\\nsetts were possessed of large fortunes in their\\nnative country, and enjoyed the elegant accom-\\nMather, p. 16-^-19.\\nt Mr. John Hui nphrey was chosen deputy g-ovemour at the\\nfetraation of the colony, but after the settlers embarked, Mr.\\nDudley was elected in his place. Mr. Humphrey did not come\\nto New-Englaiid till the year 1634. See Holmes American\\nAnaab,\\na2-", "height": "3236", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22 History af New -England.\\nmodations of life. The striking contrast be-\\ntween their farmer ease and afiiuence, and the\\nhardships they now endured must have aug-\\nmented their distress. They were obhged to\\ndispose of their large and valuable estates to\\nmake provision for their enterprize. The rigor\\nof the climate, together with the fatigue and ex-\\nertions unavoidable in a new settlement, occa-\\nsioned diseases which proved fatal to a large\\nnumber the first winter after their arrival Their\\nstock of provisions falling short,, the dreadful\\nidea of perishing by famine was added to their\\nother calamities. Religion animated and sup-\\nported them under all their trials and difficulties.\\n1 1 Towards the close of the year, the colo-\\nny of Charlestown removed to a peninsula to\\nwhich they gave the name of Boston, from a\\ntown in Lincolnshire, in England, the native re-\\nsidence of some of the first settlers, and whence\\nthey expected the Rev. John Cotton, a celebra-\\nted puritan clergyman. They established a\\ncongregational church, over which the Rev*\\nJohn Wilson officiated as pastor.\\n12. The subsequent summer a number of\\npassengers arrived from England, among whom\\nwas the Rev. John Eliot. A number of his partic^\\nular friends having formed a settlement, and\\ncollected a church in a town which they called\\nRoxbury, he was ordained their pastor the year\\nafter his arrival in New-England.*\\n13. In order to establish a unjon between\\nthe colonies of Plymouth and Massachusetts,\\nthe governour, with Rev. Mr. Wilson and other\\nMather, book, iii. p. 17i5.", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "Historij of NcxV England, 23\\n,^ent]emen, walked forty miles through thcMoods\\ntoPlymouth. Mr. Bradford, governoiir of Ply-\\nmouth, received them with great respect and\\nthis interview laid the foundation of a permanent\\nfriendship.\\n14. About this period a considerable num- 1533\\nber of new settlers arrived in New- England\\namong whom were Re\\\\\\\\ John Cotton, who was\\nchosen assistant to Mr. Wilson in Boston, and\\nRev. Messrs. Hooker and Stone, who were or-\\ndained over the church in Ne^vton, since called\\nCambridge. The settlement of these celebrated\\nclergymen, joined with the unrelenting severity\\nof archbishop Laud^s administration, induced\\nsuch numbers to emigrate, that new plantations\\nwere formed, and congregational churclies es-\\ntablished in various parts of the country.\\n15. The population of Massachusetts had 1635\\nnow become so great, as to induce the colonists\\nin certain instances to deviate in the administra-\\ntion of government, from the directions of their\\ncharter. Hitherto the legislative power had\\nbeen exercised by the govemour, deputy-gover-\\nnour, the assistants^ and the whole body of free-\\nmen in person. The increase of the country\\nhaving rendered this method extremely incon-\\nvenient, the people elected representatives, who\\nmet the governo^r and council, and constituted\\nthe General Court. In 1644 the General Courts\\nwere i-educed from four to two in a year, and\\nexcept in this and a few other unimportant\\ncircumstances, the government remained unal-\\ntered until 1684, when the people were depriv-\\ned of their charter.*\\nHtttchinson.", "height": "3240", "width": "1910", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24 History of Nexv- England,\\n16. The most distinguished persons among\\nthe Massachusetts settlers maintained, that the\\nsubjects of any prince or state had a natural right\\nto migrate to any other part of the world, when\\ndeprived of liberty of conscience, and that upon\\nsuch a removal their allegiance ceased. They\\nacknowledged,. that thqy ought not to enact laws\\nrsepugnant to those of England but at the same\\ntime asserted their right of being governed by\\ntheir own laws, and by officers of their owai\\nelection. Hence, instead of strictly conforming\\nto the lav/jb of England, they made the Mosaic\\nlaws the foundation of the code they, established.\\n17. Most of the early settlers of Massachu-\\nsetts, had, whilst in England, lived in commu-\\nnion with the established church. The rigorous\\nmeasures used to enforce ceremonies, by them,\\ndeemed unlawful, occasioned their removal to\\nAmerica. Previously to leaving their native\\ncountry they agreed in a respectful addiess* to\\nthe members of the church of England, inw-hich\\nthey desired to be called their brethren. They\\nrequested their prayers, and, in energetic lan-\\nguage, professed the most affectionate regard to\\ntheir welfare.\\n18. The Massachusetts churches in general\\nwere formed on the congregational model, and\\nmaintained calvinistic doctrines. The colony\\nhad no settled plaji of church discipline till after\\nthe arrival of Mr. Cotton, whose opinion in civil\\nand sacred concerns was held in the highest es-\\ntimation. He gradually modelled all their\\nchurch administrations, and determined tlieir.\\n\u00e2\u0099\u00a6-S\u00c2\u00bbe this address in Hutchinson s History.", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "History of A^ew-^EnglandL 25\\necclesiastical constitutions. This great man\\nearnestly pleaded, that the government might\\nbe considered as a theocracy, whefein the Lord\\nwas judge, law-giver, and king that the laws\\nof Israel might be adopted by the New- England\\nsettlers, so far as they were considered as God s\\npeople in covenant with him that none but\\npersons of approved piety and eminent abilities\\nshould be chosen rulers that the clergy should\\nbe consulted in all matters of religion and that\\nthe m.agistrates should have a superintending\\nand coercive power over the churches.\\n19. ,In consequence of this union between\\nchurch and state, on the plan of Jewish theocracy,\\nthe ministers were called to sit in council, and\\ngive their advice in matters of religion, and cases\\nof conscience, which came before the court,\\nand without them they never proceeded to- any\\nact of an ecclesiastical nature. As none were\\nallowed to vote in the election of rulers but free-\\nmen, and freem.en must be church- members\\nand as none could be admitted into the church,\\nbut by the elders, who first exammed and then\\npropounded them to the brethren for their vote,\\nthe clergy acquired hereby a vast asceiidancy\\nm cr both rulers and people..\\n20. The magistrates, on the other hand re-\\ngulated the gathering of the churches, interpos-\\ned in the settlement and dismission of ministers,\\naibitrated in ecclesiastical controversies, and\\ncontroled synodical assemblies. This co-\\nercive power in the magistrates was, deemed ab-\\nsolutely necessary to preserve the order of the\\nGospel.*\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 81.", "height": "3236", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26 History of jYexv-Eng/a?id,\\n21. Though the conduct of our ancestors\\nin the appHcation of the power of the civil ma-\\ngistrate to rehgious concerns, was fraught with\\nerrour, and the Uberal sentiments of the pres-\\nent age place their errours in a conspicuous point\\nof vicAV their memory ought ever to be held\\nin A eneration. While we review the imperfec-\\ntions which, at present cast a shade over their\\ncharacters, vve ought to recollect those virtues,\\nby which they ga\\\\^e lustre to the age in\\nwhich they lived, their ardent love of liberty\\nwhen tyranny prevailed in church and state the\\nfortitude with which they sacrificed ease and\\nopulence, and encountered complicated hard-\\nships, in order to enjoy the sacred rights of con-\\nscience their care to lay a foundation for solid\\nlearning, and establish wise and useful institu-\\ntions in their infant state the immense pains\\nthey took in settling and cultivating their lands,\\nand defending the country against the depreda-\\ntions of surrounding Indians and above all\\ntheir supreme regard for religion.\\n22. The first inhabitants of New-England\\nare thus justly characterised by an eminent au-\\nthor, Religious to some degree of enthusiasm\\nit may be admitted they were, but this can be\\nno peculiar derogation from their character, be-\\ncause it was at that time almost the universal\\ncharacter not only of England, but of Christen-\\ndom. Had this however been otherwise, their\\nenthusiasm, considering the principles on which\\nit was founded, and the ends to which it was\\ndirected, x^ from being a reproach, was great-\\nly to their honour. For I believe it ^^iil be", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "History of New -England, 27\\nfound universally true, that no great enterprize\\nfor the honour and happiness of mankind was\\never achieved without a large mixture of that\\nnoble infirmity. Whatever imperfections may\\nbe justly ascribed to them, which, however, are\\nas few as any mortals have discovered, their\\njudgment in forming their policy was founded\\non wise and benevolent principles it was\\nfounded on revelation and reason too it was\\nconsistent with the best, greatest, and wisest le-\\ngislators of antiquity.\\n23. The Massachusetts colony rapidly in-\\ncreased. A dreary wilderness in the space of\\na few years had become a comfortable habita-\\ntion, furnished with the necessaries and conve-\\nniencies of life. It is remarkable that previ-\\nously to this period, all the attempts at settling\\nthe northern patent upon secular views proved\\nabortive. They were accompanied widi such\\npublic discouragement as would probably have\\nlost the continent to England, or have permit-\\nted only the sharing of it with the other Euro-\\npean powders, as in the West- India Islands, had\\nnot the spirit of religion given rise to an effec-\\ntual colonization.\\nAdams on the caaoff and feudal law. Bo ton Gazette, 1765.", "height": "3236", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "S8 Hist or y of A ^ew- England,\\nCHAPTER III.\\n16S2-\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1629.\\nOf the Settlement of New -Hampshire and the\\nDistrict of Maine. The Plantation and Civil\\nGovermnent of Connecticut and KeT-v- Haven,\\nOf their Attention to the Promotion ofl^earn^\\ning and Peligion. The religious Tenets in\\nwhich the Nexv England Settlers were agreed\\nThe King and Council in England prohibit ths\\nPuritans from embarking for America.\\n1. VV HILST religious principles ani-\\nmated the settlers of Plymouth and Massachu--\\nsetts to encounter hardships in a dreary wilder-\\nness, a spirit of enterprize and ambition induc-\\ned others to attempt settlements in different\\nparts of the new world. As early as 1622,\\ngrants of land had been made by the Plymouth\\ncouncil to two of their most active members,\\nviz. Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Capt. John\\nMason. The subsequent year, they, in con-\\njunction with several English merchants who\\nstyled themselves The company of Laconia,\\nattempted the establishment of a colony and fishe-\\nry at the river Pascataqua. This was the\\nbegimiing of the settlement known since by the\\nname of New-Hampshire.*\\n2. Several years after, some of the scattered\\n1629 P^^^i ^t^^s in the Bay of Massachusetts procured a\\ngeneral meeting of the Indians at Squamscot\\njails, where they obtained from the Indian sa-\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 10,", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "History of Nexu-EiigianiL 29\\ndiems, deeds of a tract of land between the riv-\\ners Pascataqua and Merrimack. These lands,\\nat a future period, afforded an asylum for a num-\\nber of exiles whom persecution had driven from\\nMassachusetts.\\n3. In tliis and the two following years, the\\nPlymouth council made se\\\\ eral grants of lands\\non Pascataqua river, to different proprietors.\\nDispirited by the difficulties they were obliged\\nto encounter, thi? major part of the other adven-\\nturers sold their shares to Macon and Gorges,\\nv/ho were more sanguine than the rest, and be-\\ncame the sole proprietors.\\n4. These gentlemen redoubled their exer- 1^33\\ntions for effectinp; a settlement. And havino- form-\\ned themselves into a body politic, and entered\\ninto a voluntary association for government, ap-\\npointed Francis Williams, a man of sense and\\ndiscretion, to be their goveinour.\\n5. The District of Maine w^as settled by Sir\\nFcrdinando Gorges, at nearly the same period\\n^^ith New-Hampshire. This gentleman was o\\nan ambitious and enterprising spirit, a firm roy-\\nalist and zealous episcopalian. Hence lie united\\nw ith Mason, (whose civil and religious sentiments\\nwere similar to his own, in an unsuccessful\\nattempt to obtain a general government over the\\nNew- England colonies.\\n6. When he found this plan could not be\\neffected, he solicited and obtained h charter from,\\nking Charles 1st, ^vhich is said to have contained\\ngreater power than had ever been granted by a\\nsovereign to a subject. Under this delegated\\nBelknap.\\nD", "height": "3236", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "30 Histcry of JVew-England.\\nauthority he appointed counsellors for conduct-\\ning the affairs of the settlement. To perpetu-\\nate his reputation as land proprietor, he gave\\nthe plantation of York the name of Gorgeana.\\nTheli de care that was taken to establish a regu-\\nkir support for the clergy, and early want of re-\\nligious instruction proved highl}^ detrimental to\\nthe inhabitants of this country.*\\n7. The rapid increase of Massachusetts set-\\ntlement induced a number from that colony to\\nform the design of effecting a new plantation on\\nConnecticut river the land there situated being\\ncelebrated for its luxuriancy. The first grant\\nof tiiis country was made by the Plymouth\\ncouncil to the earl of Warwick, m 1630, and\\nconfirmed by his majesty in council the same\\nyear. The earl assigned the grant to lord Say\\nand Seal, lord Brook and nine others, who re-\\nserved it as asylum for the puritan emigrants\\nfrom England, t\\n8. Several families from Roxbury, Dor-\\nchester, Cambridge, and Water to^vn, began to\\nremove to Connecticut, After a tedious and\\ndifficult journey of fourteen days, through\\nbwaraps and rivei s, over mountains and rough\\ngrounds, they arrived safely at the places of their\\nrespective destination, and founded the towns\\nof Windsor/I Hartford, Weathersfield. Rev.\\nMr. Hooker, a respectable and pious clergy-\\nman, was the leader of this enterprize.\\nSullivan, p. rs, 79, 237, 307- f Morse, vol. i. p. 465.\\n1635. 1636. II 1637.\\nT Thomas Hooker caiTie Irovn England to Cambridg e m\\nMassaciiusetts, in 1633. Three- years after he removed to\\nConnecticut, and was considsjred as father of that colony. He", "height": "3210", "width": "1899", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "History of N(nv-England, 31\\n9. The hardships and distresses cf the\\nfirst planters of Connecticut, says Dr. Trum-\\nbull, scarcely admit of a desciiption. To\\ncarry much provision, or furniture through a\\npathless v/ilderness, was impracticable. Their\\nprincipal provisions and furniture were therefore\\nput on board sevei ai small vessels, hich, b}-\\nreason of delays, and the tempestuousness of\\nthe season, were either cast away, or did not\\narrive. Several vessels \\\\vere wrecked on the\\ncoast of New- England by the violence of the\\nstorms. Every resource appeared to fail, and\\nthe people were under the dreadful apprehen-\\nsion of perishing by famine. They supported\\nthemselves in this distressing period with th.at\\nheroic firmness and magnanimity, for which\\nthe first settlers of New-England had been so\\neminently distinguished.-*\\n10. The Connecticut planters first settled\\nunder the general government of IVIassachu-\\nsetts but finding themselves without tlie lim-\\nits of their patent, and being at full liberty to\\ngOA-ern themselves by their own institutions,\\nthey formed themselves by voluntary compact\\ninto a distinct common vvcalth.\\n1 1. The constitution of Connecticut ordain-\\ned that there should be t^vo general courts, or\\nassemblies, in a year; one on the second Thurs-\\nday in April, and the other on the second Thurs-\\nday in September that the first should be the\\ncourt of election, in which should be annually\\nwas distinguished as a preacher for applying his discourses to\\nthe heart\u00c2\u00a7 and consciences of his hearers und his labors were\\neminently successful. He died S7.\\n*iTrumbuil s Hist of Connecticut.", "height": "3240", "width": "1910", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32 I list or y of New -En gland.\\nchosen at least six magistrates, and all other pub-\\nlic officers. It provided that all persons who had\\nbeen received as members of the several towns\\nby a majority of the inhabitaiits, and had taken\\nthe oath of fidelity to the Common\\\\vealth, should\\nbe admitted freemen of the colony. This as\\nthe most material point in which the constitution\\nof Connecticut dittered from that of Massachu-\\nsetts, which confined tlie privileges of freemen\\nto the communion of the churches.\\n2. Agreeably to the constitution, the free-\\nmen comened at Hartford on the second Thurs-\\nd?iy in April, and elected their officers for the\\nensuing ear. John Haynes, esq. a gentleman\\nof integrity, judgment, and piety, ^^\\\\as chosen\\ngovernour of the colony, f\\n13. In the year 1635, the puritan noblemen,\\nlords Say and Brook, having meditated a re-\\nmoval to America, fixed on the banks of the\\nConRecticut, as their place of settlement. They\\ndeputed George Femvick, esq. their agent, to\\n]:)uild a fort at the mouth of the river, which he\\ncalled Say brook J in honour of his noble pat-\\nrons.\\n14. Whilst the planters of Connecticut were\\nthus exerting themselves in prosecuting and reg-\\nulating the affairs of that colony, another ^^as\\nprojected and settled at Quinnipiak, aftei wards\\ncalled Nev/.IIaven. This year, tv/o large ships\\narri\\\\ ed in the Massachusetts Bay, with jTasscn-\\ngers from London and its vicinity. Amongst\\nthese passengers was a number of respectable\\nSee orig-Inal constitution of Connecticut, in Trumbull s\\nHistory, 528. Trumbiill.", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "History of jYexv-JEngfand, S3\\npersons, in particular Mr. Eaton and Mr. Hop-\\nkins, who had been opulent merchants in Lon-\\ndon, who were celebrated for abilities, integrity\\nand piety, and Mr. John Davenport, a famous\\nclergyman in the city of London, who Avas dis-\\ntinguished for pi,ety, learning, and the upright-\\nness of his conduct.\\n15. The reputation and opulence of the\\nprincipal gentlemen of this company, made the\\npeople of Massachusetts exceedingly desirous\\nof their settling in that Common^vcalth. To ef-\\nfect this purpose, great pains were taken by\\nparticular persons and towns and the general\\ncourt offered them their choice of a place of\\nresidence. Influenced however by the delight-\\nful prospects which the countiy afforded, and\\nflattering themselves that by removing to a\\nconsiderable distance, they should be out of\\nthe jurisdiction of a general go^-ernment, with\\nwhich the plantations ere then threatened, they\\nwere determined to settle a distinct colony.\\nIn the autumn of this year,, Mr. Eaton^ and\\nothers who were of the compan} made a jour-\\nney to Connecticut^ to explore the lands and\\nharbors on the sea coast* They pitched upon\\nQuinnipiak for the place of their settlement.\\n16. The New-Haven adventurers were the\\nmost opulent company that came into New-\\nEngland,, and their object was to plant a capital\\ncolony. They laid out their town plat in squai es,\\ndesigning it for a great and ele,*^ant city. In\\n.the centre was a large square. This Avas coiii-\\npassed with others making nine in the ^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2hole.^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2\\nTrumbull, vol. i. p. 89^ 90, 94\\nD 2", "height": "3240", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34 ITistdry of New -England,\\n17. This colony, like Connecticut, formed\\na government by voluntary agreement, without\\ncharter or authority from the crown. On the\\n4th of July, all the free planters assembled at\\nQuinnipiak to lay the foundations of their civil\\nand religious policy.\\n18. Re^^ INIr. Davenport introduced this im-\\nportant transaction by a discourse from Prov.\\nix. 1. His design was to show, that the church\\nor house of God should be formed of seven pil-\\nlars or principal brethren, to whom all the other\\nmembers of the church should be added. In\\nconformity to this plan, after a proper term of\\ntrial, a number of the most distinguished cha-\\nracters \\\\vere chosen for the se^xn pillars of the\\nchurch.\\n19. On the 25th of October, the court, as\\nit was termed, consisting of those seven persons\\nonly, convened, and after a solemn address to\\nthe Supreme Being, proceeded to form the body\\nof freemen, and to elect their civil officers.\\nTheir elections w^ere annual, and INlr. Theophi-\\nlus Eaton was chosen governour for the first year.\\n20. By this original fundamental constitu-\\ntion of New- Haven, all government was vested\\nin the church. The members of the church\\nelected the governour, magistrates, and all other\\nofficers. The magistrates at first were no more\\nthan assistants of the governour; they might not\\nact in any sentence or determination of the court.\\nNo deputy -governour was chosen, nor were any\\nlaws enacted except the general resolutions\\nwhich have been noticed but as the plantation\\nenlarged, and new tovnis ^vere setded, ne^^ or-", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "History of New England. oS\\nders were given the general court received\\nanother form laws were enacted, and the civil\\npolicy of this jurisdiction gradually advanced in\\nits essential parts, to a near resemblance of the\\ngovernment of Connecticut.^\\n21. The first settlers in Ne^^ Haven had all\\ntilings in common all purchases were made in\\nthe name and for the use of the hole planta-\\ntion, and the lands were apportioned out to each\\nfamily, according to its number and original\\nstock, t\\n22. The colonics of Connecticut and New-\\nHaven, from their first settlement, rapidly in-\\ncreased. From 1635 to 1640, six towns were\\nsettled, viz. Windsor, Hartford and Wethers-\\nfield, in Connecticut and New- Haven, Mil-\\nford, and Stamford, in New-Haven.t\\n23. Schools were instituted by law in every\\nto\\\\\\\\ n and parish of Connecticut and New-Ha-\\nven. As the country was oi^ginally designed\\nas an asylum for the puritan religion, the settlers\\nof both colonies were assiduously engaged iu\\ngathering congregational churches, and settling\\npastors and church officers.\\n24. The New-England churches agreed in\\nadopting calvinistic doctrines in maintaining\\nthe power of each particular church to govern\\nitself, the validity of presbyterian ordination, and\\nthe expediency of s3^nods on certain great occa-\\nsions. From their commencement they used\\nTrurobull, vol. i. p. 101, 102, 103. See fundamental articles\\nin the original constitution of New-Haven, in appendix to Trum-\\nbull s history pag-e 633.\\nf Morse, vol. i, page 449.\\nManuscript of tlie late President Stiles.", "height": "3240", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "36 Ilistonj of New -En gland,\\n1637 ecclesiastical councils, convoked by particulai*\\nchurches for advice, but not for the judicial de-\\ntermination of controversies.\\n25. The persecution in England still contin-\\nued, and occasioned so many puritans to go\\nover to New-England, that the king and council,\\nby a proclamation dated April 30th, forbade any\\nfurther emigration, and an order was dispatched\\nto detain eight ships Wm^ in the river Thames,\\nwhich were prepared *to sail Notwithstanding\\nthis prohibition (so difficult is it restrain men\\nv.-hose minds are agitated by fear or hope) great\\nnumbers found meaus to elude the igilance of\\ngovernment, and transported themselves to Mas-\\nsachusetts. From the same motives, the estab-\\nlishment of the colony of Nev. Haven was un-\\ndertaken, and extensive settlements in New-\\nEngland formed at that period.f\\n26. From revievvdng the above settlements,\\nwe are to admire the wisdom of divine provi-\\ndence, m rendering the bigotry and intolerance\\nof the English nation subservient to the planting\\nof flourishing colonies in the new Avorld. By\\nthese means, regions before inhabited by sav*\\nages, now became peopled by men of piety and\\ninformation and a scene opened unparalleled\\nin the annab of history. No nation ever enjoy-,\\ned sa much liberty and opportunity (^f forming\\ncivil and religious establishments,, as the first\\nsettlers of New- England. The increase of their\\nnumbers was rapid beyond example. J No other\\nMather. f Chalmers, p. 38.\\nThe number of ships which had transported passengers ta\\n_ New-England from the commencement of the settlement of\\nMass.uhtisetts to thQ year IGSf, was cstimated.tobe two hun-", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "Ilistonj of Nexu-EvghimL 57\\ninstance can be produced of a people, ^vho at\\ntheir first settlement, Mere so assiduously engag-\\ned in promoting useful learning, and in making\\nimprovements in tlie arts and sciences. It is\\nremarkable that at this period, a\\\\ hen the emigra-\\ntion from England ceased, the settlements were\\nstill farther extended by similar means, iz. the\\nbiG:otr\\\\ and intolerance of the nev/ settlers, l^his\\nga^^e rise to the plantations of Providence and\\nRhode-Island, an account of which will be cri\\\\\\nen in the subsequent chapter.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\n1631\u00e2\u0080\u00941643.\\nOf the intolerant Principles of the Massachu-\\nsetts Colony, Banishment of Mr, Roger IV it-\\nHams and his settlement at Providence. Of\\nthe Antinomian Dissentions in Massachusetts y\\nand the Settlements of Rhode -Island, Of the\\nPlantations of Exeter^ Hampton^ afid JVar-\\nivick. Of Plymouth Settlements. The inhab-\\nitants of Narraganset-Bay obtain a Patent\\nfrom the Cro%vn of England,\\n1. X HE inhabitants of New-England,\\nwho abandoned their native country, and en-\\ncoantered a ariety of hai dships to avoid perse\\ndred and ninety-eig-ht and the number of men, women and\\nchildren, twenty-one thousand two hundred. See Holnies.*\\nAmerican Annals.", "height": "3240", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "rt\\n8 History of JVeiv England,\\ncution, soon discovered a determirxd resolution\\nto enforce uniformity in religious worship, a-\\nmong all those Vv ho inhabited the territories.\\n1631 K^i^ ^^5 ^s early as the second general court, after\\nthe arrival of the governour and coBipany, they\\nresolved, that none should be admitted to the\\nfreedom of the body politic, but such as were\\nchurch members. They soon after concluded\\nthat none but such should share in the adminis-\\ntration of civil government, or have a voice in\\nany election. A few years after, they so fai for-\\ngot their own sufferings, as to persecute those\\nwho refused to accede to their religious senti-\\nments.\\n2. IVIr. Roger Williams, a puritan clerg}--\\nman, arrived this yeai from England at Salem\\nwhere he was immediately chosen assistant to\\nMr. Skelton. The magistrates opposed his set-\\ntlement, because he refused to join with the\\nchurch at Boston, unless they would make a\\npublic declaration of their repentance for raain-\\ntaining communion with the church of England\\nwhile in their native country. This occasioned\\nMr. Williams remo^ al to Plymouth, where he\\nwas elected assistant to Mr. Smith, in which\\noffice he continued between two and three years.\\nUpon a disagreement with some of the charac-\\nters in this church, and an invitation to Salem,\\nhe requested a dismission and returned to that\\ntown. As Mr. Skelton, the fo-rmer clergy nian,\\nwas nov/ deceased, he vras chosen to succeed\\nhim but the magistrates still Oj^posed his set-\\ntlement, on account of certain religious opin-\\nions.\\nHutchinson, vol. 1. p. 26, 27.", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "ITistory of Keiv-EngiamL 39\\n3. The sentiments wiih which his oppo-\\nnents charo-ed him, ^^^ere as follow That it is\\nnot lawful for a godly man to have communion\\nin family prayer, or an oath, with such as they\\njudge unrcgenerate. Therefore he refused the\\noath of fidelity, and taught others to follow his\\nexample that it is not lawful for an unrcgene-\\nrate man to pray; that the magistrate has noth-\\ning to do in matters of the first table that there\\nshould be a general and unlimited toleration of\\nall religions, and that it was persecution to pun-j\\nish a man for following the dictates of his con-j\\nscience that the patent which was granted by\\nking Charles Vvas invalid, and an instrument of\\ninjufitice, which they ought to renounce, be-^\\ncaure the king of England had no power to dis-^\\npose of the lands of the natives. On account\\nof these sentiments, and for refusing to join in\\ncominunicn with the Massachusetts churches,\\nhe was at length banished the colony, as a di; 1654\\nturber of the peace of the churcliand Common-\\nwealth.\\n4. Whilst Mr. Williams resided at Plym-\\nouth and Salem, he cultivated an acquaintance\\n^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ith the Indians in those towns, arid learned\\ntheir language. Previously to his leaving the\\ncolony, he presented a variety of gifts to Ca-\\nnonicus and Osamaquin, two Narraganset sa-\\nchems, and privately treated with them for land,\\nwith which they assured him he should be sup-\\nplied, provided he would setde in their coun-\\ntry. This encouraged him after his banish-\\nHutchinson, vol, i. p. 87. Neal s History of New-Eng^land,\\nvol. i. p. 153.", "height": "3240", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "40 History of A exv- England,\\n1636 nient, to remove \\\\vith four companions to Niii\\nrxigan set-Bay.\\n5. He and his friends first came to Seconk,\\nnov^ Rehoboth, and obtained a grant of land\\nfrom the chief sachem at Mount- Hope. But\\nus this place was within the limits of Plymouth\\npLitent, Mr. Winsiow the governour, in a friend-\\nly iriannei advised them to remove. They\\ncomplied, and having crossed Seconk river,\\nlanded among the Lidians, by whom they were\\nhospitably received. Mr. Williams named tlie\\nplace of his residence, Providence, in a sense\\nof God s merciful providence to him in his dis-\\ntress. Strongly impressed with the importance\\nof religious liberty, the grand object a\\\\ hich he\\nhad in view v/as, to provide a refuge for per-\\nsons destitute for conscience sake.\\n6. This small company was soon augment-\\ned by parties from Massachusetts. The new\\nemigrants greatly suffered through fatigue and\\n^vant. They supported tlieir aiiilction with\\nchristian fortitude, and effected a setdement,\\nthe government of vrhicli was founded on the\\nbroad basis of universal toleration.\\n7. Mr. Williams embraced the sentiments\\n1639 of the baptists a few years after his arrival in\\nProvidence, and was instrumental in forming a\\nchurch of that denomination, which was the\\nfirst baptist church in New-England. He\\nsoon after relinquished their opinions, and be-\\ncame a seeker. But, though his strong feel-\\nings, and dc* p researches in the mazes of spec-\\nWilliams* -second deed to the settlers, 1661. Plea to tlift\\nCourt oC Commissioners, 1^77.", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "History of JV iv-Engkind^ 41\\ntilation, led him to be wavering and undecided\\nin his religious sentiments, yet his conduct ex-\\nhibited the goodness of his heart, and purity of\\nhis intentions. He exerted himself to the ut-\\nmost that others might enjoy that freedom of\\nopinion which he himself exercised and long\\nretained his authority in the colony he had found-\\ned, employing himself continually in acts of\\nkindness, affording relief to the distressed, and\\noftering an asylum to the persecuted.*\\n8. The first form of goyernment established\\nat Providence, appears to have been a volunta-\\nry agreement, that each individual should sub-\\nmit to, and be governed by, the resolutions of\\nthe whole body. All public concerns and pri-\\nvate controversies were heard, adjudged, and\\nfinished, in their town meetings. f\\n9. Soon after the settlement was begun in 1 537\\nProvidence, the commonwealth of Massachu-\\nsetts was disturbed by intestine divisions. The\\nmale members of the church in Boston had been\\naccustomed to convene every week for religious\\npurposes. Mrs. Hutchinson, a very extraor-\\ndinary woman, established a similar meeting for\\nher own sex, in which she repeated passages in\\nMr. Cotton s sermons, accompanied with her\\nremai ks and expositions. These lectures for\\nsome time were received with general approba-\\ntion, and attended bv a numerous audience.\\nAt length she drew a marked distinction between\\ntlie ministers and members of churches through\\nSee letter from Roger Williams to Major Mason, publishecl\\ntn Collections of the Historical Society for 1792.\\nt Gov, Hopkins Gazette.\\nE", "height": "3258", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 History of New -England.\\nthe country. A small number she allowed to\\nbe under a covenant of grace, and asserted that\\nihe others were under a covenant of ^^orks. She\\nwas also charged with maintaining, that the Ho-\\nly Ghost dwells personally in a justified person\\nand that sanctification is not an evidence of jus-\\ntification.*\\n10. The fluency and confidence with which\\nshe delivered her sentiments procured numerous\\nproselytes. The w hole colony was divided into\\ntwo parties, difiering in sentiment, and alienated\\nin affection. The antinomians, (for so Mrs.\\nHutchinson s followers were called,) exerted\\nthemselves to keep in office Sir Henry Vane,f\\nwho adopted their opinions and protected their\\npreachers. On the other hand the opposite par-\\nty used every effort to discontinue him, and sub-\\nstitute John Winthrop, Esq. and after some dif-\\nficult} they succeeded in the election of tliis\\ngentleman.\\n11. The w^hole colony w-as now so much\\ninterested and agitated, that it was judged ad vise-\\nable to call a council to give their opinion upon\\nthe controverted points. Accordingly, the first\\nsynod in New- England, was convened at New-\\nton, now Cambridge, the 30th of August. Af-\\nter disputing for three weeks the synod condem-\\nned eighty-two erroneous opinions, said to have\\nbeen maintained in the colon} The result was\\nsigned by all the members except Mr. Cotton,\\nHutchinson, vol. 11. p. 67.\\nf Sir Henry Vane came to Massachusetts in 1635, and was\\nchosen governor the following year. He returned to England\\n1637, and upon the breaking out of the civil war in the reign of\\nCharles I. he took an active paa-t on the parliament side and\\nsuffered death, in 1662, on *0^% charge of high U cason.", "height": "3210", "width": "1849", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "Iiisto7 y of Nexv-Eiigland, 43\\nwho, though he declined censurlhg the whole,\\nexpressed his disapprobation of the greater part\\nof these opinions.*\\n12. The general court, in their session at\\nNewton cited the principal persons of the anti-\\nnomian party to appear before them and pro*\\nnounced a sentence of banishment upon Mrs.\\nHutchinson, and Rev. John Wheelright, her\\nbrother, who had been a preacher in Braintree,\\nthen a part of Boston. He had warmly advoca-\\nted the new doctrines, and in a late discourse,\\nseverely censured the magistrates and ministers\\nin the colony, f\\n13. Mrs. Hutchinson, with a large number\\nof her party, some of whom had been banished,\\nand others disfranchised, removed from the ju-\\nrisdiction of Massachusetts colony. Mr. Roger\\nWilliams received and entertained them with,\\nthe most friendly attention at Providence. His\\nactive benevolence, with the assistance of Sir\\nHenr) Vane, procured for them Aquidneck,\\nnow ilhode- Island, ofthe Indian sachems. On.\\nthe 24th of March, 1638, they signed a deed,\\nconveying this island to the English. Here the\\nexiles found a comfortable asylum, and entered^\\ninto a voluntary association for government.\\n14^ Mr. William Coddington was chosen-\\nto be their judge and chief magistrate. This\\ngentleman came to America in 1630 settled in\\nBoston, and became one of the princip^ mer-\\nchants in that town. After his removal to\\nRhode-Island, he embraced the sentiments of\\nHutchinson, vol. i. p. ^7. f Belknap, vol. i. p. 3G.\\nRecords in the Secretary s office, in Providence.", "height": "3240", "width": "1923", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44 Brstory of N ero-Englamh\\nthe friends. He appears to have bccii a A\\\\aniL\\nadvocate for liberty of conscience.*\\n15. Mr. John Clark was another leading\\ncharacter among the exiles. In order to enjoy\\nreligious hberty, he ^-oluntarily abandoned the\\ncolony of Massachusetts. In 1644., he found-\\ned a bkiptist cliurch in Rhode-Island. He was.\\nQhosen agent for the newly established planta-\\ntion, and after the restoration of Charles II. was\\ninstrumental in rsrocurino: a charter.\\n16. The settlement of this island was com-\\nmenced at the north end, and named Ports-\\nmouth, from the narrow strait on which it\\nlies. At the opening of the next year, ha^dng\\nfound another -fine harbour, a settlement was\\nmade at the south-west part of the island, which\\nwas called Newport. The fertility of its lands,\\nthe convenience of its port, and tlie opulence of\\nits iirst inhabitants, conspired to renderitina\\nfew years, the metropolis of the colony.\\n17. The government estabhshed irf Rhode-\\nIsland was similar to tliat of Providence for\\nthough the chief magistrate and four assistants\\nwere invested with some of the executi\\\\e pow-\\ni:.rs, the remainder with the legislative and judic-\\niary authority, ^vcre exercised by the body of\\nthe people in town meeting.\\n18. Large numbers of bapti#:s and friends,\\nat different periods, repaired to Providence and\\nRhode Island, in order to find an asylum from\\npersecution, It being, as Dr. Belknap ob-\\nserves, the distinguishing trait in this colony,\\nSee Coddington s letter to the governor of New-En^hnd,\\nwritteniu 1675.", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv-Eiighnid, 45\\nthat it was settled on a plan of entire religions\\nliberty men of every denomination being\\nequally protected and countenanced, and enjoy-\\ning- the honours and offices of government.\\n19. The intolerance of Massachusetts, which\\ngave rise to the settlement of Providence and\\nRhode- Island, proved th-5 occasion of enlarging\\nNev.--Hampshire. Rev. John Wheeiright, af-\\nter his banishment, sought an. asylum ^in that\\ncolony. He had previously purchased lands of\\nthe Indians at Squamscot falls, and with a num-\\nber of his adherents now 15egan a plantation,^\\nv/hich, according to the agreement made with\\nMason s agents,- was called Exeter, Having\\nobtained a dismission from the church in Boston,\\nthey established a church in that place and be-\\ning without the jurisdiction of Massachusetts,\\nformed themselves into a body politic for their\\nown government.\\n20. About the same time a number of per-\\nsons, chiefly from Norfolk in England, made a\\nsettlement in a place which they called Hamp-\\nton. They began by laying out a township in\\nshares; and having formed a church, chose Mr.\\nStephen Bachelor for their minister.-^\\n2L- The inhabitants of Lynn in Massachu- ^53\\nsetts, becam.e so much straitened at homiC, that\\nthey contracted with the agent of Lord Sterling,\\nfor a tract of land on the west end of Long-Isl-\\nand. But the Dutch gave them so much trou-\\nble, that they were obliged to desert from a set-\\ntlement which they had commenced, aiid re-\\nmove farther eastward. They collected nearl}/\\nBdknap, vol. i. p. 3r\u00e2\u0080\u0094 59,\\nE2.", "height": "3249", "width": "1914", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46 History of New-Englcmi.\\nan hundred families, and effected a permanent\\nsettlement which they called South- Hampton,\\nHaving entered into a combination to maintain\\ncivil government, they formed themselves into\\na church, and called jVIr. Abraham Pierson to\\nbe their pastor.\\n22. The settlers of Plym_outh were at first\\nbut few in number and the additions made in\\nthese parts, after Massachusetts was planted,\\nwere small yet before the year 1643, they had\\nsettled nine towns; after the death of Mr. Car-\\nver, their first governor, which took place soon\\nafter their arrival, they chose Mr. Bradford,^\\nand were so well satisfied with his administra-\\ntion, that except three years, when Mr. Win-\\nslow and two, v/hen Mr. Prince were chosen,\\nhe was elected annually till his death. The\\ncolony v/as blessed with pious and learned min-\\nisters, one of whom Mr. Chauncy, was, some\\nyears after, chosen president of Geanbridge col--\\n23. Four years after the settlement of Prov-\\nidence, the inhabitants of that colony began a\\nplantation ac Patucket, a place adjohiing and\\ncomprehended v ithin their grant.\\n24. The colonists at Providence and Rhode-\\nWilliam Bradford was born in the north of Eng-land 1588,\\nhe camo to America with the first company in 1620. Piety,\\nwisdom and integrity, were such prominent traits in his charac-\\nter +hathe wa? anaaally chosen governor for ni;.ny years and\\nthw..^- he str-ngly recomrficnded a rotation in the election, he\\nCO .10 net olitain it for mere than five years in thirty-five. The\\nnight :.cfc.\\\\ his de. th bis mii d was so elevated with idea offu-\\ntm-ity, that h. said to his friends in the morning, God hath\\ngiven me a pledge of. my happiness in another world, and tlie\\nfirstfruitsof eternal glory. He died 1657, in the sixty-ninth\\nyear of his age. See Belknap s American Biography.", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "History of New-Englaticl 47\\nIsland being destatute of a patent or any legal-\\nauthority, sent Mr. Williams as their agent to\\nEngland, to procure a charter from the crown.\\nBy the assistance of Sir Henry Vane, and the\\ninfluence of the earl of Warwick, then governor\\nand admiral of all the plantations, he obtained\\nfrom parliament a free and absolute charter of\\ncivil incorporation of Providence Plantations in\\nNarraganset Bay, The inhabitants were em-\\npowered to form their own government, and\\nenact laws conformable to the laws and statutes\\nof England.\\n25. The apprehension of impending danger\\nfrom a general combination of the Indians, in-\\nduced the New- England colonies to form an un-\\nion for their mutual defence. Commissioners\\nfrom Massachusetts, Plj^mouth, Connecticut,\\nand New-Haven, convened and framed articles\\nof confederaticno Rhode-Island was desirous of\\njoining, but IMassacIlusetts refused to admit\\ntheir commissioners. Upon this exclusion, the\\nplantations of Providence and Rhode-Island\\ncourted the friendship of the neighboring In=\\ndians with such assiduity and success, that in\\nthe year 1644, they obtained Irrm the chiefs of\\nthe Narragansets, a formal surrender of their\\ncountry.\\n26. The intolerance of the first settlers of\\nMassachusetts, shev/b ihe irriDerfeccion of even\\nthe best ol men, and their liahiiiiy to error.\\nThe zeal of our ancestors to d -rive their fellow\\nemigrvams of those sacred rights, which tney had\\nmade such sacrifices to obtain tlieii drawins:\\nHazard s Fii-st Collect, vol.i. p. 540.", "height": "3249", "width": "1914", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48 iTistori/ of Nexv-England.\\ntlie sword of persecution in the wilderness, so\\nsoon after they had fled from its po^^ ers, marks\\ntheir characters with apparent inconsistency.\\nBut when we consider the political theories of\\nthat agCy, that it was almost universally thought\\nto be the duty of civil magistrates to use coer-\\ncive measures, to promote uniformity in tlie or-\\ndinances and doctrines of leligion. When we\\nalso consider their reasonable dread of the inter-\\nruption of that religious harmony which had\\ngiven energy to all their enterprizes we readi-\\nly discover a solution of their conduct in the\\nfrailty of our species. And while we commis-\\nerate the severity of their trials, we are compel-\\nled to admire, and should be induced to imitate\\ntheir conspicuous virtues, and to adore the wis-\\ndom of divine providence in rendering their big-\\notry subservient to the great design of extend-\\ning the New-England settlements.-\\nCHAPTER V.\\n1637\u00e2\u0080\u00941645.\\nOf the JFar with the Pequod Indians, Cam bridg^\\nCollege founded. Of the Union of Nexv- Hamp-\\nshire with Massachusetts. The Province of\\nMaine sub7nits to Massachusetts Jurisdictio7u\\nSettlement of Martha s Vineyard. The civil\\nJFar in Eyig land puts a stop, for the present^\\nto the further increase of the Plantations*\\nExtract from Gov ernour JVinthrop s Address\\nto the People.\\n1. V V HEN our ancestors liad, with un-\\neonquered perseverance, surmounted the obsta--", "height": "3210", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "History of Nciv- En gland. 4y\\nicrs to their first settlement, they had still an,\\narduous task to secure themsehes from the\\nmalevolence and jealousy of the natives. They _\\nhad taken every precaution to avoid a war and:\\nthe intei position of di^ ine providence, was sisi-\\nble in restraining: the savac:es from destrovino:\\ntheir infant settlements.\\n2. In the spring of 16 3^0 J the Indian tribes\\nfrom the Narragansets to the eastward, entered\\ninto a grand conspiracy to extirpate the English.\\nBut their plot was discovered to the people of\\nCharlestown by John Sagamore, who had always\\nbeen a w^arm friend to the colonists and the\\npreparations w^hich were made to prevent any\\nsuch fatal surprise in future, terrified the Indians\\nin such a degree that they relinquished their de-\\nsign.\\n3. At length, w^hen the colonists liad acquir- -igq.\\ned some degree of strength, they were involved\\nin a war with the Pequods the most povvcrful\\nand warlike of the tribes of Indians who then\\ninhabited Connecticut, Thev had the saeticiiv\\nto foresee their own ruin in the extension of\\nthe English settlements and the disposition\\nexcited by this apprehension had displa^j^ed itself\\nin various acts of hostility.\\n4. The alarming situation of their aflairs in-\\nducedthe Pequods to seek a reconciliation with\\ntheir ancient enemies, the Narragansets. The}-\\nure:ed them to for^ ct their former animosity,\\nand represented that one magnanimous effort\\nwould vrith facilit}-, and v/ithout danger, oblige\\nthe strangers to abandon the lands, v. hich tliey\\nhad seized with such avidity. They expressed", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 History of NtnU E?igIand.\\n1637 their apprehensions, that without their friendly\\nassistance both tribes would be destroyed.\\nThese cogent reasons had such an effect on the\\nNaiTaganset Indians that they began to waver,.\\nBut as they had recently been engaged in war\\nwith the Pequods, the love of revenge so con-\\ngenial to the savage mind, overpowered all in-\\nterested motives, and induced them to join the\\nEnglish.^\\n5. Actuated by the most inveterate hatred to\\nth e colonists, the Pequods surprised and killed\\nseveral of the settlers on Connecticut river. A-\\nlarmed at these hostile proceedings, the colo-\\nnies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Con-\\nnecticut, agreed to march with united forces\\ninto their country, and effect the entire destruc-\\ntion of the whole tribe. The troops of Con-\\nnecticut on account of their vicinity to the ene-\\nmy, were first in. motion. The army sailed\\nfrom Connecticut river to the Narraganset coun-\\ntiy, where they were joined by five hundred\\nof that tribe,.\\n6.: The Pequods were entrenched in two-\\nstrong forts, in one of which was Sassacus, the\\nchief sachem, a prince of a haughty indepen-\\ndent spirit. The other was situated on the banks\\n\u00c2\u00a9f Mystic river. Against this fort it was final-\\nly determined to make the first assault. One\\nof the Pequods who resided with the Narragan-\\nsets, conducted the army in their march to the\\ndestruction of his countrymen.\\nHubbard s Narrative of the Indian Wars, page 21.\\nQhalmers, page 290.", "height": "3214", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- England, 51\\n7. The attack commenced on the morning 1637\\nof the 22d of May. The Indians after a naid-\\nnight revel were buried in a deep and secure\\nsleep. The barking of a dog discovered the\\napproach of their enemies. The battle was\\nw^arm and bloody and though the Pequods de-\\nfended themselves with the spirit of a people\\ncontending for their country and existence, yet\\nthe English gained a complete victory. The\\nfort was taken, about seventy wigwams were\\nburnt, and five or six hundred Indians perished.\\nOf all who belonged to the fort, seven only es-\\ncaped, and seven were made prisoners.\\n8. Soon after this action, the troops from\\nMassachusetts commanded by Capt. Stoughton,\\narrived, and it was resolved to pursue their\\nvictory. Several skirmishes took place, which\\nterminated unfavourably to the Pequods. A\\nlarge number of Indians who had concealed\\nthemselves in a swamp near Pairiield, were sHr-\\nrounded by the English. A sachem, with\\nabout two hundred old men, women, and chil-\\ndren, came voluntarily and surrendered. Terms\\nof peace were offered to the others, which the\\nPequod warriors rejected with disdain, and up-\\non the renewal of hostihties, fought w^ith obsti-\\nnate bravery. A total defeat however was giv-\\nen them, which put a period to the war.\\n9. Sassacus and a number of his attendants\\nfled to the Mohawks, by whom diey were treach-\\nerously murdered. Many of the Pequods were\\ntaken captive, and about seven hundred de-\\nHutcliinson, vol i. paga 53.", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "52 History of Nexv-Eii gland.\\nstroyed. Tliis successful expedition terrified\\nthe remaining Indians to such a degree, as to\\nrestrain them iVom open hostihties nearly forty\\nyears.*\\n10. Though surrounded with dangers and\\nembarrassed with a variety of difficulties, our\\nancestors paid great attention to the interests of\\nlearning. They made an early provision by\\nlaw, that every town consisting of so many Him-\\nilies, should be always furnished with a gram\u00c2\u00bb\\nmar school and subjected those towns wdiich\\nwere destitute of a grammar school- master for\\na few^ months to a heavy penalty.\\n11. In the j^eai 1637, the general court of\\nMassachusetts contemplated a public school at\\nNewtown and appropriated four hundred\\npounds for that object. But Mr. John Har-\\nvard, minister of Charlestown, dvin tw^o years\\nafter, increased this sum by the addition of a\\ngreat part of his estate, ^^alued at se^ en or eight\\nhundred pounds. Thus endowed, this school\\nwas exalted to a college, and assumed the name\\nof its first benefactor. Newtown \\\\^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0as changed\\nto Cambridge, in compliment to the college,\\nand in memory of the place where many of our\\nfathers received their education, f\\n12. After the college was erected, a foun-\\ndation ^vas laid for a public library. Several\\nEnglish gentlemen made valuable presents, both\\nof books, and mathematical instruments, to this\\n\u00c2\u00abew seminary of learning. In the year 1640,\\nthe general court granted the income of Chaiies-\\nHubbard, p. 41. t Hubbard, p. 4!.", "height": "3227", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "IJ istory of Neiv -England, 53\\ntown ferry as a perpetual revenue to the college\\nand Rev. Hcniy Dunster was appointed lirst\\npresident.*\\n13. In 1642, the college was placed under\\nthe sHperintendance of the governour, deputy-\\ngovernour, magistrates, and ministers of the\\nSIX adjacent towns, who, with the president,\\nconstituted die board of overseers. The first com-\\nmencement was this year holden at Cambridge. t\\n14. In 1650 the college received its first\\ncharter from the general court, appointing a\\ncorporation, consisting of seven persons, viz. a\\npresident, five fellows, and a treasurer, to have\\nperpetual succession by election to their offices.\\nTheir style is, The President and Fellows of\\nHarvard College. To this body were sub-\\nmitted all the affairs of the college, and they\\nhave the care of all donations and bequests\\nto the institution. After this charter was grant-\\ned, the board of overseers continued a distinct\\nbranch of the government and these two bodies\\nform the legislature of the college 4\\n15. In the meantime the Nev/- England col-\\nonies were rapidly increasing, and new settle- 1651\\nments continually formed. In 1637 the town\\nof Dedham was incorporated, and Medfield ia\\n1650 made a town ship. New townships were\\nalso formed, and churches gathered in the oher\\ncolonies.\\n16. Four distinct governments, (including\\none at Kitterj-, on the north side of the river) 1646\\nwere formed on the several branches of Piscat-\\naqua. These being only voluntary associations,\\nNeal, vol. i. p. 202. t Holmes Amorican Annals.\\nMorses Geography, vol. i. p. 416. Belknap, vol. i.p. 54.\\nF", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54 History of Nexv- England.\\nand liable to be broken or subdivided on the\\niirst popular discontent, there could be no safety\\nin their continuance. The most considerate\\namong them advised to apply to Massachusetts,\\nand solicit tlieir protection. The following year\\nthe settlements voluntarily submitted themselves\\nto the jurisdiction of that government, upon\\ncondition that they might enjoy the same privi-\\nleges. An union having been formed between\\nthe settlements on the riscataqua, and the col-\\nony of Massachusetts, their history for the suc-\\nceeding forty years is in a great measure blended.\\n17. In the year 1641 Sii Ferdinando Gorges\\nincorporated the plantation of Georgeana* into\\na city, to be governed by a mayor and eight\\naldermen his cousin, Thomas Gorges, was\\nappointed mayor of the city, but had no succes-\\nsor in the office. The civil dissentions in Eng-\\nland, with the subsequent events, obliged Sir\\nFerdinando to relinquish the idea of obtaining\\na general government over the colonies. He\\nHad ever been a lirm royalist, and engaged per-\\nsonally in the service of the crown, till his own\\nruin was involved in that of the royal cause\\nwhich he espoused. From the commencement\\nof the civil wars. Gorges neglected the concerns\\nof his plantation. The towns in the province\\nof Maine fell into a state of confusion. Most of\\nthe commissioners who had been appointed to\\ngovern the province, deserted it and the\\nremaining inhabitants were, in 1649, obliged\\nto combine for their own security. f\\n18. The colony of Massachusetts embraced\\nthis opportunity to induce the inhabitants to sub-\\nTkis city is now called York, f Sullivan s hist. Maine, p. 238.", "height": "3214", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "History of N nv -England, 5S\\nmit to their jnrisdiction and as on encourage-\\nment to this measure, admitted them to be free-\\nmen upon taking the oath of allegiance, Avithout\\nrequiring them to be of the commuion of any-\\nchurch. After this province had submitted to\\nMassachusetts, in 1652 it was made a county\\nby the name of Yorkshire, and the towns sent\\nrepresentatives to the general court at Boston.\\nThough the measure was strenuously opposed\\nby some men of eminence among them, the\\npeople in general were contented, and derived\\nconsiderable advantages from the new arrange-\\nment.\\n19. So great was the diligence and industry 1642\\nof the New- England planters, that they had al-\\nready settled fifty towns and villages, erected\\nbetween thirty and forty churches, and a larger\\nnumber of parsonage houses. They, had built\\na castle, forts, prisons, .c. and -had founded a\\ncollege, all at their own expense. They had\\nfurnished themselves with comfortable dwelling-\\nhouses, hud laid out gardens, orchards, corn-\\nfields, pastures, and meadows, and lived under\\nthe regular administration of their own govern-\\nment and laws.*\\n20. The population of the country increased\\nwith such rapidity, that it was time to take pos-\\nsession of the islands upon the coast. Mr. May-\\nhew having obtained a grant of Martha s Vine-\\nyard, Nantucket, and Elizabeth s Isles, settled\\nhis son in the former of these islands, with a\\nsmall number of planters.\\n21. The civil wars which raged in England\\nduring the reign of Charles I., retarded, for a.\\ntime, die increase of the colonies, and occasioned\\nNeal, vol. I p. 118.", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56 History of New-Englajid,\\nthe death of the king, the overthrew of the\\nmonarchical go\\\\ ernment, and ecclesiastical hier-\\narchy. Though ihe settlers of New-England\\nwere on the parliament side, their situation pre-\\ncluded them from taking an active part and\\nthey enjoyed the blessings of peace and plenty,\\nwhile they were distant spectators of the miser-\\nies of their native country.*\\n1645 2^. The aiTairs of New-England were, at\\ntliis period, m so flourishing a situation, that the\\npeople were intoxicated with prosperit} and\\nthe liberty they enjoyed threatened their ruin.\\nIn some of the internal divisions which agitated\\nMassachusetts, Mr. Winthrop was charged,\\nwhile deputy -governour, with some arbitrary\\nconduct. He defended hhnself at the bar, in\\nthe presence of a vast concourse of people, and\\nhaving been honourably acquitted, addressed\\nthem afterwards from the bench, f in a speech\\nwhich has been said to equal any thing in an-\\ntiquity, whether we consider it as coming from\\na philosopher or a magistrate. J\\n23. The following extract from governour\\nWinthrop s address tends to illustrate the po-\\nlitical opinions of that day. The questions,\\nsaid he, whicii have troubled the country of\\nlate, have been about the authority of the ma-\\ngistrate, and the liberty of the people. Magis-\\ntracy is certainly an appointment of God, and\\nI intreat you to consider that you choose your\\nrulers from among yoarselves, and that we take\\nan oath to govern you according to God s laws,\\nand the laws of our country, to the best of our\\nskill if we commit errours, not willingly,\\nSee Goldsmitli s Hist. Eng Wasliington s Life.\\nI Universal History.", "height": "3214", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "History of New -England, 57\\nbut for want of ability, you ought to bear with\\nus. Nor would I have you mistake your own\\nliberty. There is a hberty in doing what we\\nlist, without regard to law or justice this liber-\\nty is indeed inconsistent with authority but\\ncivil, moral, federal liberty, consists in every\\none s enjoying his property, and having the\\nbenefit of the laws of his country this is what -j^.^q\\nyou ought to contend for, with the hazard of\\nyour lives but this i^ very consistent with a\\ndue subjection to the civil magistrate, and paying\\nhim that respect which his character requires.\\n24. This excellent address was of equal\\nbenefit to the reputation of Mr. Winthrop, and\\nthe peace of the colony. It settled him firmly\\nin the esteem and affections of the people, and\\nthe general court and by his well-timed con-\\ndescension, he became more povv-erful than ever.\\nNew- England was, at this period, in a state of\\nperfect tranquillity, which was used for the con-\\nversion of the Indians, an account of which\\nwill be given in the subsequent chapter^\\n25. From the facts related in this chapter^\\nwe learn, thai one prominent trait in the charac-\\nter of our ancestors, was the attention they paid\\nto the education of the rising generation. They 1539\\nwere, says an eminent author,^ convinced by\\ntheir knov/ledge of human nature, derived from\\nhistory and their own experience, that nothing\\ncould preserve their posterity from the encroach-\\nments of tyranny, but knowledge diffused gene-\\nrally through the whole body of the people.\\nTheir civil and religious principles therefore\\nconspired to prompt them to use every mea-\\nAdams on the Feudal and Canon Law.\\nF 2", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "58 History of Nexv-Eiigland.\\nsure, and take every precaution in their power,\\nto propagate and perpetuate knowledge.\\n26. The object of our ancestors in founding\\na college, was to enlist science and religion un-\\nder the same banners, to guard against the dis-\\nadvantage of an illiterate ministry, and to qual-\\nify their sons to act their part well, in whatever\\nprofession they might engage. Let us of the\\npresent age be instructed by their example, to\\nguard against the prejudices of ignorancCj and\\nunder their wise institutions, improved as they\\nhave been by succeeding generations, let us be\\ncareful to acquire a competent fund of informa-\\ntion for the correct discharge of the duties of\\nour respective situations in society. Young\\npeople have the weightiest motive-s to stimulate\\nthem to the acquisition of knowledge. It tends\\nto make them more useful in the world, to en-\\nlighten them in the paths of virtue, and, by ex-\\npanding their minds, to render them more capa-\\nble of the enjoyments of the heavenly state.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\n1646\u00e2\u0080\u00941695.\\nOf the Natives of New -En gland and their con-\\nversion to Christianity by Rev. Mr. Eliot. A\\nsociety is established for propagating the Gos-\\npel in New -England. The town of Natick\\nbuilt. An Inxlian Church formed. Conver-\\nsion of the Indians at Martha s Vineyard, and\\nat Flmnouth. Number of Indian Churches.\\n1. V V HEN the European adventurers\\nErst settled in New-EngUuid, tlie natives were", "height": "3214", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "Hhtory of New -En gland, 59\\na wild and savage people. Their mental pow-\\ners were holly uncultivated and they were\\nimmersed in the thickest gloom of ignorance\\nand superstition,\\n2. Their religious ideas w^ere extremely\\nweak and confused. They admitted, however,\\nthe existence of one Supreme Being, whom they\\ndenominated the great spirit, the great man a-\\nbove, and appeared to have some general but\\nvery obscure ideas of his government, provi-\\ndence, universal power, and dominion. They\\nbelieved him to be a good behig, and paid a\\nsort of acknowledgement to him for plenty, vic-\\ntory, and other benefits.\\n3. But they stood in greater awe of another 1637\\npower, which they called Hobomocho, in Eng-\\nlish, the devil, and worshipped him merely from\\na principle of fear.\\n4. The immortality of the soul was univer-\\nsally believed among the Indian tribes. Hence\\nit was their general custom to bury with the\\ndead their bows, arrows, spears, and some veni-\\nson, which they supposed w^ould be beneficial\\nto them in a future state.\\n5. They believed in a number of subordi-\\nnate deities. Their priests began and dictated\\ntheir religious worship, and the people joined\\nalternately in a laborious exercise, till they were\\nextremely fatigued, and the priests exhausted\\neven to fainting. They had neither temples,\\naltars, nor any fixed seasons for devotional ex-\\nercises.\\n6. One of the prominent traits in the char-\\nacter of the Indians, is an unextinguishable thirst\\nfor revenge. In w^ar the manly defence of an\\nenemy inspires only revenge, and bravery con-", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "60 History of New-England*\\nquered shares the same fate with timid resis-\\ntance. The miseries they inflict on their un-\\nfortunate captives exhibit a dreadful picture of\\nthe savage ferocity of which human nature is\\ncapable.*\\n1646 7. The planters of New- England were as-\\nsiduously engaged in endeavouring to effect their\\nconversion to Christianity. This was one of\\nthe obligations of their patent, and one of the\\nprofessed designs of their settlement. Among\\nthose, who exerted themselves with the greatest\\nenergy in this work, Rev. John Eliot, of Rox-\\nbury, claims a distinguisl^ed rank and he was\\nstyled the apostle of the American Indians.\\n8. In order to prosecute tliis benevolent de-\\nsign, he applied himself with persevering dili-\\ngence to studying the Indian language, and be*\\n1664 came so complete a master of it, as to publish\\nan Indian grammar. Thus prepared he began\\non tlie 28th of October to instruct the natives in\\nthe christian religion at Nonantum, which at\\npresent is included in the town of Newton. The\\nIndians welcomed his arri\\\\ al, heard him with\\nattention, and asked a variety of questions res-\\npecting the important subjects of his discourse.\\n9. Encouraged by this favourable reception,\\nMr. Eliot exhibited his disinterested concern\\nfor their salvation, by frequently preaching to\\nthe different tribes and by framing catechisms\\nin their dialect, to instruct them in the princi-\\nples of the christian religion j by endeavouring\\nto civilize their manners by procuring the\\nestablishment of schools and by supplying\\nSee. Neal s histoiy of New-England, and Roger Williams*\\nKey to the Lang^iag-e of tht Indians in New-Engiand.", "height": "3218", "width": "1908", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "History of New-Erigland. 61\\nthem with suitable school-books, which he trans- 1537\\niated into their lanQ:uaQ:e.*\\niO. Ill his ministerial capacity he travelled\\nthrough all parts of Plymouth and Massachu-\\nsetts, as far as Cape- Cod. In these fatiguing\\nexcursions he suffered innumerable insults and\\nhis life was in continual danger from the invet-\\nerate enmity of the Indian princes and priests,\\nwho would undoubtedly have effected his de-\\nstruction, if they had not been awed by the\\npower of the English colonies.\\n11. Notwithstanding various discourage-\\nments, the christian religion spread both in\\nMassachusetts and Plymouth. The new con-\\nverts, who were distinguished by the name of\\nthe praying Indians, after they renounced pagan-\\nism, abandoned their savage way of living, and\\nimitated the habits and manners of their civiliz-\\ned neighbours.!\\n12. After Mr. Eliot had continued his be-\\nnevolent labours several years, certain pious\\npeople in England assisted him by their gener-\\nous donations. And in 1649 the British parlia-\\nment passed an act incorporating a number of\\npersons, by the name of the President and\\nSociety for propagating the gospel in New-Eng-\\nland, empowering them to receive such sums\\nof money as could be collected by the liber ality\\nof those who were interested in promoting the\\nconversion of the Indians. Bv authority of this\\nact so large a collection was made in all the\\nparishes in England, that the society w^-^en-\\nabled to purchase an estate in land of between\\niive and six hundred pounds a year.\\nMather, p. 197. Gookin s Historical Collections,", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "63 History cf New-EnglamL\\n13. Upon the restoration of king Charles\\nIL they solicited and obtained a new charter,\\nby which they were made a body corporate,\\nmid empowered to appoint commissioners re-\\nsiding in New^ England, to ti*ansact affliirs relat-\\ning to the benevolent design of converting the\\nIndians. The charter substituted a governour\\nfor a president, and the hon. Robeit Boyle was\\nelected to that office.\\n14. In 1650 the corporation were at the ex-\\npense of erecting another building near the for-\\nmar college, in order to give the Indians a liberal\\neducation, But though a few of them were\\nthere educated, yet it was found impracticable\\nto persuade the Indian youth to a love of liter-\\nature.\\n15. This year a number of Mr, Eliot s con-\\n1651 verts united, and built a town which tb^y called\\nNatick. Having formed a settlement, and es*\\ntablished a civil government, they were at length,\\nafter- a strict examination, formed into a regular\\nchurch. Several other societies of praymg In-\\ndians were also formed in the colony of Massa-\\nchusetts. In 1664, Mr. Eliot accomplished the\\narduous work of translating the bible into the\\nIndian language. His disinterested labours\\nrendered him highly venerated and beloved by\\nthe new converts.\\n1040 While Mr. Eliot was converting the\\nIndians within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts,\\nMr. Mayhew, who had obtained a grant of\\nMartha s Vineyard, and his son, a clergyman of\\ndtstingurslied piety, were promoting the s^ime\\nbenevolent design in that place, and in Nantucket\\nand Elizabeth s Isles. The first convert to\\nChristianity in Martha s Vineyard was owe Hiac-", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "IFistory of JVew-JSngland. 63\\ncomes, a man of about thirty years of age. His\\nreligion exposed him to the conte^mpt of his\\ncountrymen, till, in the year 1645, a general\\nsickness prevailed in the island, from which\\nHiaccomes and his family were exe mpted. The\\nIiKlians were induced by the event to alter their\\nconduct, and a number of them requested Hiac-\\ncomes to instruct them in the christian religion.\\n17. Some titne after, the sachem sent for\\nMr. Mayhew, and requested him in his own\\nand his people s names, to teach them the prin-\\nciples of Christianity, in the Indian language.\\nMr. Mayhew readily complied, and his labours\\nwere crowned with j^rreat success.*\\n18. He pursued his design with unwearied\\napplication, for ten or fourteen years till at\\nlength, intending a short voyage to England, he\\nsailed in 1657 but the ship and passengers\\nwere lost. His death was exceedingly lament-\\ned by his converts. In 1684 the Indians had\\nten stated places for publick worship in Mar-\\ntha s Vineyard.*\\n19. Mr. Roger Williams endeavoured to\\nconvert the natives of Rhode- Island to the chris-\\ntian religion but his exertions were in general\\nfrustrated The labours also of Rev. Mr. Fitch,\\namong the Connecticut Indians, were not at-\\ntended with the desired success.\\n20. Mr. Richard Bourne preached the gos*-\\npel to the Indians at Plymoudi and was in-\\nstrumental in converting large numbers. In\\n1684 the praying Indians in this colony had ten\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0worshipping assemblies and in the following\\nyear the number of individuals v.-as computed\\nMayhew s letter to the Corporation, 1631.", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "137\\n64 History of Nexv-England.\\nto be fourteen hundred and thirty-nine, besides\\nchildren under twelve years of age.*\\n,21. .A letter from Mr. Increase Mather to\\nDr. Leusden, of Utncht, dated 1687, gives an\\nidea of the progress of the gospel among the\\nIndians for twenty years. In this letter he says\\ntliat **triere are six churches of baptized In.\\ndians in New- England, and twelve assemblies\\nof catechumens. There are twenty-four In-\\ndian preachers, and four English ministers, who\\npreach, in the Indian language.\\n22. Dr. Cotton Mather asserts, that in the\\nyear 1695, there were three thousand adult In-\\ndians converted in the islands of Martha s Vine-\\nyrr d and Nantucket. That there were three\\nchurches in Nimtucket, and five constant assem-\\nblies. That in Massachusetts alone, there were\\nabove thirty Indian congregations, and more\\nthan tliree thousand converts and that their\\nnumbers were very considerable in other parts\\nof the countr}\\\\\\n23. It does not appear that the christian\\nIndians returned to paganism, but that they\\ngradually wasted away, till at length they be-\\ncame almost extinct.\\n24. The ignorance and darkness of the na-\\ntives of Nev/- England, and the savage ftiooity\\nof their character teach us duly to appreciate\\nthe inestim ible advantage of being educHted and\\nearly instructed in the christian religion. The\\nspirit of revenge, which education and habit\\nconspire to strengtlien in the savage state, is\\nproductive of the most pernicious ciiects in so-\\nciety and exhibits, in a striking manner, the\\nMayhew s letter to the Corporation, 1631.", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "History of J^ exu-EiiglancL 6 S\\ninconceivable degree of barbarity of which hu-\\nman nature is capable, when destitute of the\\nrefinements of polished society, and the restraints\\nof reason and religion. Christianity has civil-\\nized the w orld, exalted tli\u00e2\u0082\u00ac human intellects,\\nsoftened the ferocity of war, taught us compas-\\nsion towards our enemies, and strengthened ev-\\nery social tie. Such are its advantages with\\nrespect to this state, hich, however great, are\\nsmall Avhen compared with those ^^\u00e2\u0080\u00a2hich rcgaixl\\nfuturitv. Life and immortalitv are brou 2 h.t\\nto light by the gospel. That divine religion,\\nwhich regulates our conduct, and pr\u00c2\u00a3)mote^ our\\nhappiness in this world, exalts |us to the enjo^i\\nixient of eternal and unclouded felicitv in tl:c\\nheavenly state.\\nCHAPTER VIL\\n1648\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1661*\\nThe Kexv- England Churches convene ti Synott,\\nTfie ir Platform of Church Government, The\\nColonies establish a Codeof Ijaws. Death\\nand Character of Gov ernoiir Winthr op. Per-\\nsecution of the Baptists anfl t^ilakers, Foizlt\\nQ_uake? s put to death ifi, Bosthri, King\\nCharles IL piits a stop to the Execution of\\nthese sanguinary Laws,\\nJL HE religious inhabitants of ?ew-\\nl^mgland were solicitous to establish the faith\\nA\\\\\\\\(^i order of their churches upon what they sup-\\nposed to he the scripture foundatiori. Foi- lhis\\nG", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "C-U\\n66 History of JVexv- England.\\npurpose a s}-nocl c\u00c2\u00a9n\\\\ened at Cambridge in\\n1646^ vviiich, having adopted the confession of\\nfaivh, published by the assembly of divines at\\nWestminster, ^ehose three. celebrated clergj-men\\nt9l6rm separately a planof chiu ch government.\\nXlieseperibrmances were presented to the ^ynod\\nfor. jtlieir revision and correction/ and from these\\nthe Cajnib ridg^e platform was collected, Vihieh\\n^Deiog. approved by the majority of the synod,\\nwas, recoiinmehded Co the general court and to\\nthe- chiirches.*\\nThe fundamental article in this platform\\nis^ that each particular church has authority from\\nChrisrt, l )r exercising government and enjoying\\nall the oTdiiiances of worship within itself. Ec-\\nclesiastical councils were to be convoked for\\nudMce on emcrsfent occasions. It v/as also\\nmaintained in the platform, that the offices of\\npastors, teachers, and ruling elders were dis-\\ntinct. Pastors were to attend to exhortation,\\nand teachers to doctrine yet both vrere to ad-\\n/miniver ordinances.. Ruling elders we re, in a\\n,^p ^odal maniier^ to assist the pastors and teach-\\n.ers in the ^discipline of the church.\\n^,.^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a03. While tlie colonies were increasing in j,\\n.^^lumbers 2inCi settlements; -regular codes of laws\\nof\\nApi;ii l643, considerable progress: \\\\i^as made\\nMatlier, book V. p. 22.\\nI The synod met in 1646, ^nd protracted its session, by ad-\\njbyrnpients, to tive year 1648, when it was dissolved. The\\nfji^mstefs and churches at Coiytecticiit and New-Haven were\\npresent at the spiod and united in the form of discipline\\n.vhich it recommended.", "height": "3214", "width": "1873", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "I listory of New -England. 67\\nin the laws of the colony. Deputies w/ere sent\\nto the general, court, and an addition v^^IlS m^de\\nto the number of magistrates.\\n4. In 1647, the general assembly of Rhocfc-\\nIsland established a code of la\\\\vs agreeable -to\\nthe EHf iish statutes, and erected a form of civil\\ngovernment for die administration of those laws^\\nand for enacting such others as should be found\\nnecessary. A court of commissioners con-\\nsistLiig of six persons chosen by. eaCh of the\\nfour towns of Providence, Portsmouth, New-\\nport and Warwick w^xit invested with tbje le^is^\\nlative authority. The whole executive pq\\\\\\\\^i^;\\napoears to have been invested in- a presi dent\\nand four assistants chosen by -the freeiiiq i, in\\ntheir several towns^ aiid constituting the mgr^^i^\\ncourt for the adminisU ation of justice.\\n5. The following year the colony Massd:? 1643\\nchusetts first published its code of laws.^ A*t\\nthe request of tlie general camt; iiev !^j6ffl\\nC otton had compiled a system iQuiici^S tlii^y\\non the laws of Moses, which was ^itblisjieam\\nLondon ,1643. This abstract jwas Coil siddf-^df\\nby the legislative body as tlje general^fatictard;*\\nthough they never formally adopted It, aftd ^f ^i?\\nvaried from it in many instances. Thev^~^fo-.\\nfessed to follow Moses plan, so. far only Ss:\\nwas of a moral nature, and cbligatiji^ dii a^\\nmankind, f\\nff[ 7i.L -yjiii.X)\\nHolmes American Annals. w, \u00e2\u0080\u00a2_, a\\nt It was the opinion of the first planters:, noii-OTjly olTM iiijJsa-\\nchusetts, but of Plymouth, New-Haven and Gonnectici/t, th^t\\nas the ancient platform of God s law, was granted on prlnciple\\nof moral equity, all men, especially cliristiansj oug-ht to^havc\\nan eye to it, in the forming- of their political con tituti.nn?/?\\nSee Hutchinson s coilectioa cf papers, p, 160. f", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68 Histonj of Nexv-Eji gland,\\n1649 6. At the session of the general court of\\nConnecticut a code of laws \\\\^as established,\\nand this colony had the appearance of a AvelU\\nregulated commonwealth. Until this time pun-\\nishments,, in many instances, had been left w hol-\\nly to the discretion of the court. But from\\nthis period, the law s iu general became fixed,\\nand the punishments of particular crimes w^ere\\nspecified, so that delinquents might know^ what\\nlo expect, whendiey had *he temerity to trans-\\ngress.\\n7. The celebrated John Winthrop, esq. died\\nabout the beginning of diis year, aged 63. His\\ndeath was greatly lamented in Massachusetts,\\nand he was styled the father of the colony. He\\nwaseducated in the profession of the law, in which\\nhe was eminent for his abilities and integrity.\\nThe high place he held in the public esteem\\nwas evinced by his being appointed a justice of\\nH^e peace at the cige of eighteen. When a\\nnumber of influential characters formed the de-\\n*$ign of rcrnoving to New-England, he put him-\\nai tlie liead of the undertaking, and devoted his\\nestate and strength to the public service. The\\ninhabitants of I^Iassachusetts manifested tlieir\\nhigh sense of his worth, by choosing him eleven\\ntimes successively to be their governour. Pi u-\\ndence and justice marked his conduct in that\\nstation. He was distinguished for temperance,\\nfrugality, and economy and ever exhibited a\\nSiuppeme regard for religion. The only errour,\\n\\\\vhich has been charged upon his administration,\\nresulted from his maintaining the necessity of\\nusing coercive measures in religion. However,\\nhe finally rose superior to the. prejudices of the", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "History of New -England,\\nage in which he lived, and in his dying n^c^\\nments feeUngly regretted that his conduct hold\\nbeen tinged ^yith the; spirit of rehgious intpier-\\nance.^\\n8. The fatal effects, which were prodii-e^^, loSl\\nby enforcing uniformity in religious worsljiip,\\nare now to be related. This year some -of the\\ninhabitants of Rehoboth adopted the sentiments\\nof the baptists, withdrew from the established\\nworship, and set up a separate meeting.,; Upr.\\non which Mr. Ob^diah Holmes, one pf the;\\nprincipal dissenters,. /wa^ .first admonished^,: and\\nafterwards excomm)anicated by Rev. Mr* New--\\nman, minister of that town. Immediately af-,\\nter, he and two of his associates were cited to\\nappear before the court at Plymouth by which\\nthe}r were ordered to desist from their separa-\\ntion, and neither to ordain officers, administer the\\nsacraments, nor assemble for public worship^\\nThey viewed these restrictions as arbitrary vio^,.\\nlations of their christian liberty; and^ resolved\\nto act agreeably to the conviction of their con-\\nsciences.!\\n9. After remonstrances and threatei)ings were\\nfound to be ineffectuab the baptists were fined\\nand imprisoned, aad even exposed to corporal;\\npunishment. A law also was enacted by the.\\ngeneral court of Massachusetts^ by which upon\\ntheir presisting in avowing their opinion^, and,\\nendeavouring to make proselytes, they Vv ere.\\nsentenced to banishment. But neither this nor\\nother severe penal laws, made gainst sectaries,\\nHutchinson, vol. i. p. 151.\\nt Backus History of the Baptists. CWJi s Narrative of the\\nNew-England Persecution.\\nG 3", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70 History of Nexv-Englandi\\ncould prevent the increase of this deriomina-\\nti-an.^\\n10. After the settlers of New-England had\\nexerted themselves to suppress the baptists, they\\nexhibited similar intolei;*ant principles in their be-\\nhatioiir to the quakers. The first of this society\\nw ho came into Massashusetts were Mary Fisher\\nand Anna Austin, VkYio arrived from Barbadoes^\\ntlie beginning of July. The books which these\\nwomen brought over were burnt by the com^\\nmon executioner, and they were committed to\\nprison by the deputy-governour, and, after a-\\nbout five weeks confinement, were sent back to\\n^Baruadoes.\\n11. Soon after iheir departure, eight others\\nof the same persuasion arrived in Boston. Af-\\nter some examination they were sentenced to ban-\\nishment, and to be detained in prison until they\\ncould be conveyed out of the colony. They\\nwere imprisoned about eleven weeks during\\nhich time a law was enacted, which prohibited\\nall masters, of vessels from bringing any quakers\\ninto the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, imder\\nthe penalty of one hundred pounds, and impri-\\nsonment until payment thereof was made. It\\nalso decreed that any quaker coming into the\\ncountry should be committed to the house of\\ncorrection, severely whipped, constantly kept\\nto hard labour, and debarred from all intercourse\\nwith any person whatever, until they could be\\ntransported.\\n12. This ac^, and die banishnunt of the\\nquaktrs, proving insufficient, ether sanguinary\\nA Bnptlst cburch \\\\va\u00c2\u00ab5 gatlicrefl in Boston hi 1665. See;\\nHolmes Araetican Annals.", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "R r\\nHistory of Xexv-England, 71\\nf\\nlaws were enacted, such as cutting off the ears,\\nand boring the tongues with a hot iroi?. Through\\na mistaken zeal to extirpate heresy, these hu\\\\ s\\nwere in various instances put in execution.*\\n13. The severity with which this denomina-\\ntion was treated, appeared rather to invite than\\nto deter them from flocking to the colony. The 1557\\npersecution exercised against them had a direct\\ntendency to increase their numbers. People\\nfirst compassionated their sufferings, admired\\nthe fortitude with which they endured them, and\\nfrom these causes were induced to examine and\\nembrace their sentiments.\\n14. Large numbers in Boston, Salem and\\nother pfaces joined this society. Their rapid\\nincrease induced the magistrates to resort to the\\nlast extremity, and to enact a law to banish\\nthem upon pain of death* Accordingly four\\nquakers were executed in Boston in 1659.\\nGreat opposition being made to this law, it was\\npassed only by a majority of one person. f\\n15. The colonies of Ply mouth, Connecticut,\\nand New-Haven copied after Massachusetts in\\ntheir treatment of the quakers, but did not car-\\nry their severity to such an extent, as to put\\nany of them to death.\\n16. These unhappy disturbances continued 1^61\\ntill the friends of the quakers in England inter-\\nposed, and obtained an order from kmg Charles\\n2d. requiring that a stop should be put to all\\ncapital or corporal punishment of his subjects\\nculled quakers. This occasioned a suspension\\nof the cruel laws whioh had been enacted against\\nHistory of the Qiiakers. Hutchinson, vol i. p. 198,", "height": "3249", "width": "1901", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72 History of Nexv-England.\\nthem, so far as they respected corporal punish-\\nment or death.\\n17. To us who live in an enlightened age,\\nwhere the principles of religious toleration are\\nclearly understood, the conduct of the early\\nsettlers of New- En gland must appear truly as-\\ntonishing and we may be led to asperse them\\n\\\\vith unmerited censiue. In reviewing the\\nconduct of those who have appeared on the\\ntheatre of life before us, we ought ever to con-\\nsider the influence which the prevailing prejudi-\\nces of the age in which they lived must natural-\\nly have had upon their minds. It was late\\nbefore the true grounds of liberty of conscience\\nwere known by any party of christians. The\\nbloody persecutions in the annals of popery\\nfill the mind with hon or and vv e find traits\\nof the same intolerant spirit in the conduct of\\nthe reformers.\\n18. The church of England, by enforc-\\ning uniformity in religion, had dri\\\\^en the\\npuritans to seek an asylum in die new world,\\nwhere, after suftering various hardships, they\\nhad established a religious system to which\\nthey were firmly attached, influenced by the\\nprejudices of education, they considered it as a\\nduty to suppress those religious tenets which\\nthey supposed diametrically opposed to Chris-\\ntianity, and subversive of the peace and happi-\\nness of the newly established colonies. The\\nprinciples they liad imbibed appeared to them\\nin a light so importajit, that they took every\\nprecaution to transmit them pure [and uncor-\\nrupted to the latest posterity.", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "History of New -England. 59\\n1 9. A review of the distressing scenes, which-\\npersecution has occasioned both in Europe and\\nAmerica, ought to inspire our minds with the\\nmost Hvely gratitude to diviiic ProN idence for\\nthe entire liberty of conscience, which is at. pres^\\nent enjoyed ii^ each indi\\\\ idual state, and the se-\\ncurity of which constitutes a distioguished ex-\\ncellence in the federal constitution.\\nCHArXER VIII.\\n1661\u00e2\u0080\u00941679.\\nThe Colonies congratulate King Charles II. on his\\nI{estoratio7i. Of the third Si/nod in New-\\nEngland. Connecticut and JVew-Haven are\\nunited by a Charter. Of the Charter grant-\\ned to Rhode -Is land. Four Commissioners sent\\nto Nexv-England by the King.\\n..s\\nOON after the restoration of Charles\\nII. the general court of Massachusetts dispatch-\\ned Simon Bradstreet, esq. and Rev. John Npr-\\nton, with a loyal address of cciu^ratulation to his\\nmajest}^ in which they endeavoured to justify\\nthe conduct of the colony, and petitioned for\\nthe continuance of their civil and religious priv-\\nileges. The reception of the agents was fa-\\nvourable, and they returned next autumn with\\nthe king s answer to their address, in w hich he\\nconfirmed the charter, and promised to renew\\nit under tlie great seal. He also granted pardon\\nto his subjects for all treasons committed during", "height": "3249", "width": "1883", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74 History of New-EnglancT.\\nthe late troubles, those only excepted who were\\nattainted by act of parliament.\\n2. The king however required that the ge-\\nneral court should review its ordinances, and\\nr-epeal such as were repugnant to the royal ou-\\nthority; that the oath of allegiance should be\\nduly administered to every person, that justice\\nshould be administered in his name tliat all\\nw^ho desired it should be permitted to use the\\nbook of common pra3^er, and perform their de-\\nvotions accordina:to the ceremonies of the church\\nof England and that free -holders of competent\\nestate, not vicious, should be allowed to vote\\nin the election of officers civil and military, though\\nof different persuasions respecting church gov-\\nernment and finally, that this letter should be\\npublished.*\\n3. Many of the requisites contained in the\\nking s letter were exceedingly disagreeable to our\\nancestors. At this session of the general court the\\nonly compliance with his orders, except publish-\\ning his letter, was the giving it directions that\\nall the writs^ processes, c. sliquld be in his\\nmajesty s name.. A committee was afterwards\\nappointed to consider the propriety of conform-\\ning to the other particulars, and liberty Vv as giv-\\nen to the clergy aitd other inhabitants to transmit\\ntneir opmions.\\n4. Whilst the colonies were alarmed with\\napprehensions for their civil liberties, their\\nchurches were agitated by religious coiitrover-\\nsies. Great debates arose amons; the clers^-v,\\nconcerning the right of grand children of church\\nHutchinson, vol. i. p. 219.", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "Hktorij df Nexv -England, 75\\nmembers to the sacrriment of baptism, whose\\nimmediate parents had not entered into the com-\\nmunion. This dispute commenced in the colo-\\nny of Connecticut^ and spread v;ith rapidity\\nthrouo-h Ne^^--Enoiand.\\n5. In order lo seitle the controverted points,\\nthe general court of Massachusetts convoked a\\n-sinod, or general council of ail the churches, to\\nbe assembled at Bostop. The two leading 1(352\\nquestions -referred to their decision vere, 1st.\\nWho are the subjects of -xaptism 2. Whether,\\n-according to the vord of God, there ought to be\\na consociation of churches, and in h^t manner\\nisuch a union should be formed\\n6. L^ answer to the first question, the ma-\\njority ^f the synod d^ieed that the children of\\ngood moral parents who solemnly ov^aied the\\ncovenant before the church, tliough net m full\\ncommunion, might be idmitted to baptism.*\\n7. However, the council VvTre not unani-\\nmous se^ eral learned and pious clergymen\\nprotested against the determination relative to\\nbaptism. Rev. Cha: ^les Chauncy, president of\\nHarvard College, Mr, Increase Mather, and i\\\\ir.\\nDaven}X)rt wrote against the practice. It ^vas\\ndisapproved by all the ministeis in Nev -Ilav.ii,\\nand numbers in Connecticut. The churches in\\ngeneral were more in opposition than th( \u00e2\u0082\u00acierg}%\\n8. The general comt of Connecticut took no\\nnotice of the synod, nor of the dispute, but left\\nthe elders and churches at liberty to act accord-\\ning to their own sentiments. They were at-\\ntempting to form an union with New- Haven,\\nHutcluuson, vol, i.^^ -219. Mather s Mag^nalia.", "height": "3253", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "TS ITistory of New -England,\\nand as the ministers and churches in that colo-\\nny were unanimous in their opposition to the\\nsynod, they probably judged it impohtic at that\\ntime to decide an}- thing relative to these eccle-\\nsiastical points.*\\n9. Respecting the second question, the sy-\\nnod agreed, that the churches ought to hold\\ncommunion with, and assist each other in prayer,\\nin communicating their gifts, in maintaining\\npeace and unity, in settling controversies, in\\nordaining and removing pastors and teachers, in\\nadmonishing one another, and in bearing their\\nunited testimony against vice and errour.f\\n10. Connecticut and New-Haven had con-\\ntinued two distinct governments for many\\nyears. At length the general court of Con-\\nnecticut determined to prefer an address to\\nChiirles IL professing their submission and\\nk)valt\\\\% and solicitinii: a roval charter. John\\nWinthrop, esq.f who had been elected gov-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2ernour, was appointed to negociate the affair\\nwith the kino;. He succeeded and obtained a\\ncharter, which constituted the tvro colonies\\none united commonwealth, i)y the name of the\\n1662 governour and company of Connecticut. New-\\nTrumbull, vol. i. p. 325. f Mather, book v. p. 7^.\\nJohn Winthrop, eldc^it son of g-overnour Winthrop was born\\nat Groton in Suffolk, 1605. He came to New-England with\\nhis father s family, 1634. After he obtained a charter which\\nincorporated Connecticut and New-Haven, the people expressed\\ntheir gratitude bv electing- him governour fourteen years togeth-\\ner, till his death. His many valuable qualifications as a gentle-\\nman^ a philosopher, a christian, and a public rider procured\\nhim the universal respect of the people under his government,\\nand his unwearied attention to public business, and great under-\\nstanding in the art of government was of unspeakable advantage\\nto them. He died iw the year 1676. See Belknap s American\\nBiog^raphy. Vol. II.", "height": "3214", "width": "1895", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "History of New -England. 77\\nHaven at first deciined the union but in\\n1665, all difficulties were happily settled.^\\n11. By the royal charter, every power legis-\\nlative, judicial, and executive, was vested in\\nthe freemen of the corporation, or their dele-\\ngates, and the colony was under no obligation\\nto communicate the acts of their local legisla-\\nture to the king. The government v, hich they\\nhad previously exercised, was established, and\\nwhen the other New- England states renovated\\ntheir politics, the charter of Connecticut was\\ncontinued as the basis of their unchanging poli-\\ncy, and remains so to the present day.f\\n12. The royal charter which was granted 1663\\nto Rhode- Island and Providence plantations,\\nthe subsequent year, was similar to that of Con-\\nnecticut. They differed however in one res-\\npect. The charter of Connecticut was silent\\nwith regard to religion by that of Rhode- Island\\nliberty of conscience was granted in its fullest\\nextentf to all the different denominations of\\nProtestants 4\\n13. From the commencement of the reign\\nof Charles II. the general court of Massachusetts\\nentertained alarming apprehensions of being de-\\nprived of their privileges. These fears were in-\\ncreased by the king s issuing a commission to 1664\\nfour persons, one of whom was an inveterate\\nenemy to the colony, to hear complaints an4\\nappeals in military, civil, and criminal concerns,\\nSee Charter of Connecticut in Trumbull s Histoiy.\\nI See Charter of Rhode-Island.\\nThe Legislature of Rhode-Island, however, passed an act\\nby which Roin an Catholics were excepted from eligibility to\\noffice.\\nII", "height": "3253", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78 History of A ^exv- England,\\nand settle the peace and security of the country\\naccording: to their own discretion.\\n1665 14. After the arrival of the commissioners,\\ntlie general court altered the law, that all free-\\nmen should be church members and having\\nresolved to bear true allegiance to then sover-\\neign, and adhere to their patent, they agreed\\nupon an address to the king, in which they\\nprofessed their loyalty, and asserted that they\\nhad exerted themselves to satisfy his majesty\\nas far as they supposed consistent with their\\nduty to God, and the just liberties and privi-\\nleges of their patent. They considered the\\nappointment of the commxissioners with the\\npowers they possessed, to be an infringement of\\ntheir charter privileges, hich they declared\\nwere far dearer to them than life. They\\nexhibited the same firmness and resolution in\\ntheir conduct to tlie commissioners, who, after\\nmuch altercation left the colony dissatisfied anei\\nenraged.\\n15. The commissioners were unsuccessful\\nin Ccamecticut as well as Massachusetts, but\\nwere more favourably received in Plymouth and\\nRhode-Island. They set as a court at Provi-\\ndence and Warwick, and spent some time in\\nthe colony, inquiring into the proceedings of\\nthe executive powers of the plantation, and hear-\\ning oompiaints from disaffected persons.\\n16. \\\\Vhen tiic commissioners arrived in\\nNew-Hampshire, they flattered a party who were\\ndissatisfied \\\\vith the Massachusetts government,\\nwith being freed from its jurisdiction, and pre-\\nHutchinson, vol i, p. 229.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "History of Xew- En gland. 79\\nvailed on them to sign a petition to the king lbr^i665\\nthat purpose. But as the majority of the people\\nexhibited a determined opposition to a separa-\\ntion, the design proved abortive.*\\n17. When the commissioners came to the\\nprovince of Maine, the former claim under\\nGorgesf ^vas revived. They appointed courts\\nand commi-ssioned magistrat ,^s under the duke\\nof York, and in the name of the king. This\\nkind of government continued until the year\\n1668, when some of the principal inhabitants\\nbeing greatly oppressed with the tyranny of the\\ncommissioners, in their support of Gorges claim,\\nmade application to the general court of Massa-\\nchusetts, to take the country again under their\\nprotection and jurisdiction.\\n18. When the commissioners had concluded\\ntheir business, they were recalled by an order\\nfrom the king. His majesty was highly dis-\\npleased with the treatment they received from\\nthe government of Massachusetts. Ry a letter\\nto the colony, he ordered them to send over\\nibur or five agents, promising to heai all the\\naUe!s:ations that could be made in their behalf,\\nand intim.ating that he was far from desu^mg to\\ninvade their charter. He commanded that all\\nthings should remain as the commissioners had\\nBelknap, vol. i. page 106.\\nt Ferdinando Gorges, grandson of Sir Ferdinando, attempted\\na settlement of the district of Maine under himself r.s lord pro-\\nprietoi* soon after the restoration of Charles II. he obtained\\nletter from that king requiring immediate restitution, or reason\\nfor the contrary without delay. In a humble address the people\\nexcised their non-compliance, and attempted to offer reasona\\nfor their conduct. Mr. Gorges, however, appoiiiied officers in\\nseveral parts of the province, whose authority was of short con-\\ntitiuaiice. See iiutchins\u00c2\u00bbn History, vol. i. pa^c 25", "height": "3249", "width": "1878", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "B6 Htstori/ of New England.\\nsettled them, till his farther orders; and that\\nthose persons who had been imprisoned for peti-\\ntioning or applying to them, should be released.\\n19. The reception which the commissioners\\nmet with in the colonies, exhibits their strong\\naversion to arbitrary power. The inhabitants\\nof New- England, says a late writer, may emphat-\\nically be said to bevborn fi-ee. They were settled\\noriginally upon the principle expressed at this\\nday, in all their forms of government, that all\\nmen are born free, equal, and independent. f\\nCHAPTER IX.\\n1674_1679.\\nRise and Progress of the War with Philips\\nKing ,of the Wanipanoags, The Death of\\nPhilip puts a Pei iod to Hostilities. His Char-\\nacter. Of the War with the eastern Indians.\\nPeace ratified with the Indian Tribes. Of\\nthe third Synod in Massachusetts.\\n1. ^INCE the contest with the Pequod\\nIndians, the terror of the English ai^ms had\\nrestrained the natives from hostilities. In the\\nmean time, providence had smiled upon the\\nNew- England settlements, and multiplied their\\nchurches. The season was now arrived in\\nwhich the colonies were alarmed with the gloomy\\nprospect of being again involved in an Indian\\nwar.\\n1674 period, Philip, sachem of the\\nWampanoags, an artful and aspiring man, who\\nHutcliinson, vol. i. p. 547? t SuUiywa, p. 285r", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "History of Nexu-England, 81\\nsaw the Gontinual growth of the colonists with\\njealous apprehension, excited his countrymen to\\na general combination against them. He en-\\ndeavoured to conceal his hostile purposes, and\\nM hen his conduct excited suspicion, he gave the\\nstrongest assurances of his peaceable disposition.\\nIn the mean time he was secretly preparing lor\\nwar by obtaining ai-ms, and negociating with\\nthe neiehbourino: Indians.\\n3. The war was precipitated by the revenge\\nwhich Philip caused to be taken upon John\\nSusaman, a christian Indian, Avhom the English\\nhad dispatched upon the Wampanoag mission.\\nHaving discovered the conspiracy of his coun-\\ntrymen, he revealed it to the governour of Ply-\\nmouth and a short time after he was murdered.\\nAn Indian, who was accidentally on a hill at\\nsome distance, sav/ the murder committed.\\nUpon his evidence and some other circum-\\nstances, three Indians were apprehended, tried,\\nconvicted, and executed.*\\n4. This event excited the keenest resentment\\nin king Philip, and the Indians who resorted to\\nhim from various parts, stimulated him to com-\\nmence hostilities. The alarming situation of\\naffairs having induced the governour of Plymouth\\nto proclaim a general fast, the Indians lying in\\nan ambush, fired upon a number of the inliabi-\\ntants at Swanzey, who were returning from pub-\\nlic worship, killed one man, and w^oiuided anoth-\\ner and two men who were dispatched for a\\nsurgeon were intercepted and killed. The same\\nnight the Indians entered the town of Swan^.ey\\nand killed six men.\\nHutchinson, vol. i. pag-e 285.\\nH 2", "height": "3249", "width": "1878", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82 History of Ke^w-England.\\n1675 ^s inevitable, the gov-\\nernour of Plymouth demanded assistance of the\\nconfederated colonies. Accordingly, a com-\\npany of horse and foot from Massachusetts joined\\nthe Plymouth forces, at Swanzey, and making a\\nresolute assault- which obliged the Indians to\\nretreat with precipitation, took possession of\\nMount Hope, and ravaged the adjacent country,\\n6. The Massachusetts forces marched into\\nthe NaiTaganset country, and compelled the in-\\nhabitants to renew their treaty with the English,\\nand engage to exert themselves to destroy Philip\\nand his adherents. In the mean time the Ply-\\nmouth forces were sent to deter the Pocasset\\nIndians from assisting him, but they had already\\ntaken an active part.\\n7. Capt. Church of Plymouth colony with\\n-^fty men was surrounded in a pease field by\\ntwo hundred Indians, and notwithstanding the\\ninequality of numbers, fought with invincible\\ncourage and resolution. At length he arrived\\nat the water side, and defended himself behind\\na barracade of stones, till he was removed in a\\nsloop to Rhode-Island, without the loss of one\\nof his men. After refreshing his detachment\\nhe again engaged, and killed a number of the\\nPocasset Indians the remainder retreated with\\nterror,, and appeared no more in the open coun-\\ntry.\\n8. After Capt. Churches detachment had\\njoined the army, they received information that\\nPhilip and his men were in a swamp at Pocasset,\\nand it was determined to besiege him. The\\nChurch s account of PliiUp a war, page 18.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "History of Kew- England,\\nn\\nEnglish army resolutely entered the thicket, but 1575\\nwhen they had advanced a few paces, the Indians\\nfired upon them from behind the bushes, and at\\none dischai ge killed five, and mortally wounded\\nsix or seven of their number. This induced\\nthem to turn their attack into a blockade, which\\nthey formed with an hundred men, hoping that\\nfamine would oblige the Indian prince to surren-\\nder. He had the address to bafile this attempt\\nby crossing a river in the night, which the Eng-\\nlish deemed impassible, and escaped into the\\nNipmuck country.\\n9. After the Kipmuck Indians heard of\\nPhilip s arrival in their country, they fired upon\\nand mortally wounded Capt. Hutchinson, who\\nwas sent to negociate with them, killed eight of\\nhis men, and obliged the rest to retreat with\\nprecipitation. Philip who was reinforced, pur-\\nsued and drove a large number of these Indians\\ninto an house, which the Indians endeavoured\\nto set on fire, but they were providentially pre-\\nvented by a shower of rain. At length they\\nwere relieved by major Willard, who engaged\\nthe Indians with a small party, killed eighty,\\nand forced Philip and his army to retreat.*\\n10. The Indians in the several colonies were\\nnow roused to arms, and in this and part of the\\nfollowing year, their progress was marked with\\nmurder, fire, and desolation. Besides destroy-\\ning a large number of the English, they laid the\\ntowns of Mendon, Groton, and Warwick in\\nashes; burnt most of the houses in Deerfield, 1676\\nhalf the town of Medfield, and a large number\\nMather, book vii. p. 47.", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84 H ist 07 y of New-Enghiid.\\nof buildings in Rehoboth^ Pro\\\\ idenGe, and scV-\\neral other places.\\n11. On the other hand, large numbers of\\nIndians were destroyed by the colonists par-\\nticularly when Philip and his army reti eated into\\nthe Nairaganset country, the English pursued\\nthem and attacked a tort which the Indians\\ndeemed impregnable. The fort was burnt, the\\nfortifications levelled seven hundred Indian\\nwarriors perished in the action, and three hun-\\ndred warriors died of their wounds, besides a\\nvast number of defenceless old men, women,\\nand children, who had repaired to the fort for\\nrefuge. The English had six captains and\\neighty-five men killed and an hundred and fifty\\nmen wounded.*\\n12. The victory depressed the spirits of the\\n1676 Indians, and the loss of provisions in the foit\\nreduced them to gi^eal distress. They howe^-ef\\ncontinued their savage depredations, and kept\\nthe country in continual alarm and terror. It is\\nreported that in order to gain the assistance of\\nthe Mohavr ks, Philip endeavoured to irritate\\nthem against the colonists, by killing a number\\nof their men, and persuading their prince that\\nhis subjects were murdered by the English.\\nOn^of the Indians, whom he left for dead, re-\\nvived, returned home, and related the truth to\\nhis countrymen. Exasperated by this perfidious\\nconduct, the Mohawks engaged in a war against\\nPhilip and his people, which- deranged all their\\nmeasures.\\n13. After this event, the arms of the colo-\\nnists were in various instances crowned ith\\nMather, book vii. p. 30.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "History of New -En glared. 85\\nsuccess. One of Philip s allies, the queen of 1575\\nPocasset, on beinj^ suq^rised by the English,\\nmagnanimously animated her men to hold out\\nto the last extremity but they meanly deserted\\nher, and she was drowned by endeavouring to\\nescape.\\n14. As Philip was the soul of the Indian\\nconspiracy, and on his life or death, war or peace\\ndepended, it was the grand object of the New-\\nEngland forces to apprehend him. His situa-\\ntion was at this time peculiarly distressing. He\\nhad lost his chief counsellors, his nearest rela-\\ntions were made prisoners, and he was obliged\\nto flee for safety from one swamp to another.\\nAt length one of his friends w^hom he had exas-\\nperated by killing an Indian who presumed to\\nmention to him an expedient for making peace,\\ndiscovered the place where he was concealed.\\nCapt. Church, on receiving this intelligence,\\nwent with a small party, and found him in a\\nswamp near Mount Hope. He attempted in\\nvain to escape one of his men whom be had\\noffended, and who had deserted to the English,\\nshot him through the heart.\\n15. Thus died Philip, sachem of the Wam-\\npanoags, an implacable enemy to the English\\nnation. He has been represented as a bold\\nand daring prince, having all the pride, fierce-\\nness, and cruelty of a savage in his disposition,\\nwith a mixture of deep cunning and design.\\nBut that undaunted courage, energy of mind,\\nand love of country which adorned his charac-\\nter, and which have immortalized monarchs in\\nChurch s History of Philip s War.", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "B6 History of Nerv- En gland,\\nthe civilized world, have been httle celebrated\\nin diis Indian prince and we ha^ e been led to\\ncontemplate only his vices, which, destitute of\\nthe colorings of polished life, appear in their\\nnative deformity.\\n16. The death of Philip, says a late ex-\\ncellent author, was the signal of compile te\\nvictory. The Indians in all the neighbouring\\ncountries now generally submitted to tlie Eng-\\nlish, or fled, and incorporated themselves ^^ith\\ndistant and strange nations, in this short but\\ntremendous war, about six hundred of the in-\\nhabitants of New- England, composing its prin-\\ncipal strength, were either killed in battje, or\\nmurdered by the enemy; twelve or thirteen\\ntov.r ns were entirely destroyed and about six\\nhundred buildings, chiefly dwellmg houses, were\\nburnt. In addition to these calamities the colo-\\nnies contracted an enormous debt, while by the\\nloss of their substance, through the ravages of\\nthe enemy, their resources w^ere essentially di-\\nminished.\\n17. About the same period in which Philip\\nbegan hostilities in Piymouth colony, the eastern\\nIndians were insultins: the inhabitants (\u00c2\u00bbf New-\\nHampshire and the province of Tviaine. The\\nfraudulent methods of tmding wiih the natives,\\naiid some other injuries, w^ere aliedged as the\\ngrounds of the w^ar.\\nJ 8. The Indians for some time dissembled\\ntheir resentment, but the insurrection at Ply-\\nmouth inspired them with courage, and they\\n.spread distress and desolation in their extensive\\nHolmes American Ar.uals, vol. i. p. 455.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "History of Ncxv-EiiglancL SX\\nravages. To describe the effects of the war in 1G76\\nthe words of an elegant author, all the phmta-\\ntions at Piscataquli, with the whole eastern coun-\\ntry, were now filled with fear and confusion\\nbusiness was suspended, and every man was\\nobliged to provide for his own and his family-s\\nsafety. The labour of the field was exchanged\\nfor the duty of the garrison and they, who had\\nlong lived in peace and security, were upon their\\nguard night and day, subject to continual aku ms,\\nand the most fearful apprehensions.\\n19. Notwithstanding a peace was concluded\\nwitli the natixes the following year, they soon\\nrenewed their hostile attacks, which induced the\\ngovernment of Massachusetis to send a body of\\ntx oo]3s to the eastwai d. They surprised four\\nhundred Indians at Cochecho in the house of\\nmajor Waldron. These, who had previously\\njoined in concluding the peace, wcre^ismisocd\\nand d:iose wlio were ibund accessaries in the war\\nsold for slaves- in foreign parts. In 1678 a formal\\ntreaty of peace was settled with the Indian chief\\nat Casco, and an end was put to a tedious and\\ndistressing war, Vvhich had subsisted tliree years.\\n20. VMiile the New- England forces were\\nin the field, the churches frequently observed\\ndays of fasting and prayer, for the success of\\ntheir arms. After peace was established, a li-\\ncentiousness of manners prevailed, which was.\\nhighly alarming to serious and devout people.\\nKence in 1679, ^he General Court of Massachu-\\naeils convened a synod to examine tlie state of\\nreligion, and to prevent tlie increase of profane-\\nness and impiety.\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 1^7.", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "8R History of New -England,\\n21. The synod agreed that there was a gen-\\neral decay of piety and a prevalence of pride,\\nintemperance, profaneness, and other vices.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 r\\nThey advised, that in order to promote a refor-\\ntion the clergy should be exhorted to bear the\\nstrongest testimony against the vices of the age,\\nin their public discourses; and to maintain a\\nstrict discipline in their churches that schools\\nshould be strictly inspected and supported and\\nthat the magistrates should be vigilant in putting\\nthe laws in execution. This synod also passed\\na vote recognizing and confirming the platform\\nof church discipline, ^^hich was agreed upon by\\nthe synod of Cambridge, in 1648, desiring that\\nthe churches might continue stedfast hi the or-\\nder of the gospel, according to what is therein\\ndeclared agreeable to the word of God.\\n22. From the above acsount of the distress-\\ning Indian v/ar, we learn, how dear our ances-\\ntors purchased the rich inheritance which de-\\nscends to us. As an elegant writer observes\\nthey had a foe to subdue, who added to the\\ninstinct and fierceness of the brutal creation the\\nsagacity of human intelle ct. Efforts of despe-\\nrate resolution in penetrating the treacherous re-\\ncesses of the wilderness ei e the only means of\\npreserving the inhabitants from the subtile sur-\\nprises and merciless ravages of their enemy.\\nThe nature of such a confiict is hardly to be\\nrealized, in a territory invaded by a civilized\\nfoe, where the regular operations of war itfibrd\\nsome rule for calculating the times and degrees\\nof calamities, and where defeat is not the cer-\\ntain presage of torture and death.\\nMlnot s continuation of Hutchinson.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- England,^ 89\\nCHAPTER X.\\n1679\u00e2\u0080\u00941692.\\nThe Government of New -Hampshire separated\\nfrom Massachusetts^ and made a Royal Pro-\\nvince, Of Cranfield s oppressive Government,\\nThe Colonies are deprived of their Cliarters,\\nColonel Dudley appointed President of New-\\nEn gland. He is superceded by Sir Edmond\\nAndroSy who is appointed Governour, His\\narbitrary Proceedings. The Revolution in\\nEngland puts a period to the oppression of the\\nColonists, A new Charter granted, and Sir\\nWilliam Phips chosen Governour,\\n1. VV HILST the Indian tribes were en-\\ndeavouring to extirpate the English, enemies of\\nanother kind were usijig every effort to deprive\\nthem of their privileges, by artful and exaggerat-\\ned accounts of their conduct to the government\\nof PLngland.\\n2. At this period one Mr. Mason, who 1679\\nclaimed a right to New- Hampshire from his\\ngrandfather, Capt John Ma^on, endeavoured to\\ndissolve the union, which had long subsisted\\nbetween that colony and IMassachusetts. He\\nwas assisted in his claim by Edward Randolph,\\nhis kinsman, an inveterate enemy to the people\\nof Nev/- England. They succeeded, and a com-\\nmission passed the great seal, which sep?.rated\\nNew-HjRmpshire from the jurisdiction of Mas-\\nsachusetts.\\n3. By tliis comm/ission a president and coun-\\ncil were appointed by the king for the govern-\\nmcRt of the province. The people however", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "QO History of JVew- England,\\nwere allowed to choose an assembly, to whom\\nthe president should recommend enacting laws\\nfor establishing their allegiance, order, and de-\\nfence, and raising taxes for the support of gov-\\nernment, in such a manner as they should think\\nproper. All laws were to be approved by the\\npresident and council, and to remain in force\\nimtil the king s pleasure should be known for\\nwhich purpose, they should be transmitted to\\nEagland by the first ships.\\n1680 Ii^ order to reconcile the minds of the\\npeople to this change of administration, the king\\nnominated for the first council, those who had\\nsustained the principal offices, civil and military\\nunder the colonial government. The appre-\\nhensions that others, who were inimical to their\\ncountry would be substituted, induced them to\\naccept this appointment and affairs were con-\\nducted as nearly as possible, in the same man-\\nner as before the separation.\\n5. The people were greatly dissatisfied in\\nbeing deprived of the privilege of choosing\\ntheir own rulers, and expected an invasion of\\ntheir property to follow* f Their apprehensions\\nwere soon realized. In 1682 Henry Cranfield,\\nEsq. was appointed lieutenant-governour and\\ncommander in chief of New-Hampsire. After\\nhis arrival he exhibited his arbitrary principles by\\nremoving the leading characters from the coun-\\ncil, and substituting such as he could render\\nsubservient to his purposes by dissolving those\\nassemblies which opposed his measures by\\nassuming, with his council, all the legislative\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 170. f Ibid.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "History of JW^v- England.\\npower, and taxin?:^ the people without their con-\\nsent by subjecting those clergymen who re-\\nfused, when requested, to administer the sacra-\\nments according to the liturgy of the church of\\nEngland, to the penalties of the statutes of non-\\nconformity; and by imprisoning and treating\\nwith rigorous severity those who opposed his\\ngo\\\\ ernment.\\n6. At length, the governour being disap-\\npointed in his plans of enriching himself, and\\nfearing the issue of the people s remonstrances\\nto parliament, returned to England, where he\\nobtained the collectorship of Barbadoes. Bare-\\nfoot the deputy governour succeeded at his de-\\nparture.\\n7. New-Hampshire was not the only colony 1684\\nwhich felt the oppression of arbitrary power.\\nThe enemies of Massachusetts, particularly\\nRandolph, were indefatigable m transmittmg\\ncomplaints to England. In consequence of\\nthese he was ordered to convey a writ of quo\\nwarranto across the atlantic. When he arrived\\nin Boston the general court once more consid-\\nered the critical situation of affairs. The gov-\\nernour and a majority of the assistants resolved\\nto submit to the royal pleasure but upon the\\nrepresentatives refusing their consent, a decree\\nwas issued by the high court of chancery,\\nagainst the governour and company, by which\\ntheir charter privileges were cancelled, f\\n8. King Charles 11. died soon after the co-\\nlony of Massachusetts was deprived of its char-\\nter. Upon the accession of James li. a com-\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 229. f Ibrd. p. 229.", "height": "3249", "width": "1896", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "92 History of New \u00c2\u00a371^1(111(1,\\nmission was issued for a president and council,\\nas a temporary government for Massachusetts,\\nNe^v-Hampshire, Maine, and Narraganset.\\nThe counsellors were nominated by the king\\nand no house of representatives was mentioned\\nin the commission. Col. Dudley, a native of\\nMassachusetts, ^vas appointed president and\\nin order to conciUate the minds of the people to\\nthe introduction of a go vernour- general, the\\ncourts were continued on their former plan\\ntrials were by juries as usual and in general\\nthe former laws and established customs were\\nobserved.\\n9. After Colonel Dudley had enjoyed his\\nnev/ office about nine months. Sir Edmond An-\\ndros, who had been governour of New-York,\\narrived in Boston, being appointed, during\\npleasure, captain-general and vice-admiral of\\nMassachusetts, New-Hampshire, Maine, Ply-\\nmouth, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, and Pema-\\nquid. He and his council were vested with the\\nlegislative and executive powers. Though he\\nbegan his administration with high professions\\nof regard for the public w^elfare, he soon ex-\\nhibited his arbitrary principles, and enriched\\nhimself and his party, by the most daring vio-\\nlations of the rights of the people.*\\n10. Notwithstanding the assembly of Rhode-\\nIsland had passed an act, formally surrendering\\ntheir charter to the king, and had transmitted\\nan humble address to his majesty, they gained\\nno advantage by their submissive conduct.\\nAndros, in compliance with his orders, dis-\\nBftlknap, vol. i. p. 282.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "History of New England\\nsolved their government, and assumed the ad- 1687\\nministration of the colonv.*\\n11. The following year he came to Hart-\\nford with a small body of troops, while the as-\\nsembly were con^ ^ened demanded the charter,\\nand declared the government dissolved. It is\\nreported that governour Treat described with\\nenergy the great expense and hardship of the\\ncolonists in settling the country and their ex-\\ntreme reluctance to pail with privileges so dear-\\nly purchased. Expedients were then found for\\ndelaying the business till evening, when the\\ncharter ^^as brought and laid upon the table,\\nwhere the assembly were sitting. The candles\\nwere suddenly extinguished and instantly re-\\nlighted. Capt. Wadsworth carried off the\\ncharter, and secreted it in a hollow tree, The\\npeople were pcacably and orderly, but the pa-\\ntent could not be found. Sir Edmond how-\\never assumed the government, and having dis-\\ncarded the old, appointed new civil and military\\nofficers. I\\n12. Numerous were the oppressions which 1688\\nthe country suffered under his administration.\\nThe press was restrained, liberty of conscience\\ninfringed, and exorbitant taxes demanded.\\nThe cliarter being vacated, the validity of titles\\nto lands was denied and those who had long\\ncultivated their farms, were obHged to give ex-\\ntravagant fees for new patents, or writs of intru-\\nsion were brought and iheir lands disposed of to\\nothers. To deter the people from consulting\\ntogether and seeking redress, town-meetings\\nRevolution in New-Englaud justified.\\nt Trumbull vol. i. p. 390.\\n12", "height": "3253", "width": "1855", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94 History of Neiv-England,\\nwere prohibited, except one in a year, for the\\nchoice of town officers. Being apprehensive\\nthat complaints would be transmitted to Eng-\\nland, the governour forbade any person to leave\\nthe country mthout his express permission.\\nBut notwithstanding all his vigilance and that of\\nhis emissaries a-nd guards, Dr. Increase Mather\\nsailed to England, ai^ presented the complaints\\nof the people to the king, but not being able to\\nobtain redress, he waited the event of the ex-\\npected revolution.*\\n1689 13. The following year the report that the\\nprince of Orange had landed in England,\\nreached Boston, and diffused uniyersal joy.\\nThe governour imprisoned the person who\\nbrought the prince s declaration, and published\\na proclamation commanding all persons to pre-\\npare to oppose an invasion from Holland.\\nThough the former magistrates and leading men\\nsecretly wished and fervently prayed for the\\nprince s success, they determined quietly to\\nwait the event.\\n14. The body of the people were however\\ntoo impatient to be restrained by prudential con-\\nsiderations. They assembled in arms, and im-\\nprisoned the governour, and about fifty of the\\nmost obnoxious of his associates. The people\\nof Massachusetts re-assumed their charter gov-\\ncrnm-ent. Andros and his coadjutors were sent\\nto England, to be disposed of according to the\\nking s pleasure. But as the charges exhibited\\nagainst them were not signed by the colonial\\nagents, they were dismissed, and the tyrant of\\nBelkiiap, vol i. p. 231.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "History of^ Nexv-Eiigland. 95\\nNew- England was afterwards appointed gover- 1G89\\nnour of Virginia.*\\n15. The people were soon relieved from all ap-\\nprehension of danger from their precipitate con-\\nduct, by the intelligence that William and Mary\\nhad been declared king and queen of England.\\nThey were soon alter proclaimed in Boston,\\nwith uncommon ceremony, and with demon-\\nstrations of the sincerest joy.\\n16. After the inhabitants of Connecticut and\\nRhode- Island were informed of the change of\\naffairs in Massachusetts, they resumed their an-\\ncient charter and form of government. But as\\nNew-Hampshire was left by the revolution in\\nan unsettled state, a convention was called, in\\nwhich it was determined to re -annex itself to\\nMassachusetts. This union, ho\\\\vever, was of\\nshort continuance. In 1692, Samuel Allen, af-\\nter purchasing of Mason s heirs the lands of\\nNe^v-Hampshire, obtained a commission for the\\ngovernment of this colony, f\\n17. After the revolution in England, the 1691\\ngeneral court of Massachusetts dispatched two\\nof their members to join with Sir Henry Ash-\\nurst and Mr. Mather in soliciting the restoration\\nof their charter. But as the king, from the first\\napplication, exhibited his determined resolution\\nto have the appointment of the governour and\\nall other officers vested in the crown, their so-\\nlicitations were ineffectual. J\\n18. They succeeded however in obtaining\\na new charter, by which the colony of Ply-\\nmouth, the province of Maine, and the country\\nMinot, vol. i. p. 55. f Belknap.\\nHutchinson, vol. i. p. 405.", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96 History of New- England,\\nof Nova- Scotia, with lands between the tvve\\nlatter were joined to Massachusetts, and also\\nElizabeth Islands, Nantucket, and Martha s\\nVineycird.\\n19. By the new charter, the appointment of\\nthe governour, lieutenant-governour, secretary,\\nand all of the officers of the admiralty were vest-\\ned in the crown.* The governour had the\\ncontrol of the militia, and, with the advice of\\nthe council, the nomination of the officers be-\\nlonging to the courts of justice. He had also a\\nnegative upon the choice of counsellors, and\\nupon all laws and elections made by the council\\nand house of representatives and even those\\nlaws which he sanctioned were subjected to re-\\njection by the king within the term of three\\nyears from their passing. The power of grant-\\ning administrations and proving wills, M^as also\\nvested in the governour and council. But\\nthough the privileges of the people were abridg-\\ned in these respects, liberty of conscience, which\\nwas not mentioned in the old, was expressly\\ngranted in the new charter, f\\n20. When the charter had passed the seals,\\n^le king being pleased to compliment the Mas-\\nsachusetts agents, for the first time, with the\\nUnder the old charter all the magistrates and officers of\\nstate were chosen annually by the general assembly. See\\nHolmes* Ameiican Annals, vol. ii. p. 4.\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2f The difference between the old charier and new, consist,\\ned in an express authority for exercising powers which had been\\nin constant use from supposed necessary implication. These\\nwere the privilege of a house of representatives as a branch of\\nthe legislature, the levying of taxes and erecting courts for the\\ntrial of capital crimes, and the probate of wills and granting of\\nadministrations on intestate estates, which was expressly given\\nto the governour and couacil. Se\u00e2\u0082\u00ac Minot s continuation of\\nHutchinson.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "History of \\\\exv- England, 97\\nchoice of their governoiir, they ai^recd to elect 1692\\nSir William Phips, who, Avith Rev. Increase\\nMather, arrived in Boston the 15th of May.\\nThe general court appointed a day of thanks-\\ngiving for their safe arrival and for the settle-\\nment of the province.\\n21. The first act of the Massachusetts legis-\\nlature, after the arrival of their charter, contain-\\ned the following clause No aid, tax, toll-\\nage, assessment, custom, loan, benevolence, or\\nimposition whatsoever, shall be laid, assessed^\\nimposed, or levelled on any of his majesty s sub-\\njects, or their estates, on any pretence whate^-er,\\nbut by the act and consent of the governour,\\ncouncil, and rcpresejitatives of the people, as-\\nsembled in Q^eneral court.\\n22. At the time a\\\\ hen the colony of Massa-\\nchusetts received their new charter, sevent}^-\\ntwo years had elapsed since the first settlement\\nat Plymouth. During this period the colonies\\nenjoyed the privilege of choosing their own ru-\\nlers, and enacting their own laws. They had\\nestablished excellent regulations for the promo-\\nmotion of learning and religion. They had ex-\\nhibited great courage in the Indian wars, and\\ntheir efforts to repel their savage enemies were\\ncrowned v/ith success.\\n23. After foity years from the first settle-\\nment, the greatest part of the early emigrants\\nhad terminated their earthly existence.* They\\nhad however the satisfaction of surviving until\\nthey beheld the fruits of their assiduous labours\\nin the increase of the settlements and multiplica-\\nHutchinson, vol. i. p. 288.\\nf", "height": "3253", "width": "1860", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98 History of New-England,\\ntion of the churches. In 1G43, the first twen-\\nty thousand souls, who came over from Eng-\\nland, had settled thh ty-six churches. In 1650\\nthere were forty churches in New- England,\\nwhich contained seven thousand seven hundred\\nand fift}^ communicants.\\n24* There appears to be a striking likeness\\nin the characters of the fii st settlers of New-\\nEngland. This may be owing to the similarity\\nof their education, of their civil and religious\\nsentiments, and the common cause in which\\nthey were engaged. The leading traits for\\nwhich they were distinguished, were ardent pie-\\nty, inflexible resolution, and persevering dili-\\ngence. Their piety led them to prefer the sa-\\ncred rights of conscience to all earthly considera-\\ntions their resolution and firmness induced\\nthem to encounter perils and hardships in the\\nnew w^orld and their persevering diligence ena-\\nbled them to effect comfortable settiements.\\n25. The early inhabitants of New-England\\nevinced their supreme regard for religion by\\nchoosing men for their rulers who were eminent-\\nly distinguished for piety and integrity. Among\\nthe first governours we find the ever revered\\nnames of Carver, Bradford, Winthrop, Haynes,\\nEaton, and other worthies, who were blessings\\nto their respective colonies, and shining patrons\\nof the christian virtues and graces,\\n26. Many of the clergymen who came to\\nNew- England at the first settlement were cele-\\nbrated for their abilities andlearnmg, and while\\nthey de^^oted their talents to promoting the cause\\nSteles Manuscript Lectures on Ecclesiastical History.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv-Englajid, 99\\nof religion, they were exemplary in the per-\\nformance of all the private and public duties it\\nejijoins. We may mention Cotton,-* Flooker,\\nDa\\\\ enport and Eliot, who rank in the first class\\namong the collection of pious and learned di-\\nvines who illuminated the churches of New-\\nJtngland.\\n27. A modern British author, in speaking\\nof the first settlers of New- England, has justly\\nobserved, tliat the victories they obtained\\nover the complicated obstructions which they\\nmet with upon their arrival in America, have\\nraised their character to a level with that of the\\nbravest people recorded in history, in the estima-\\ntion of \\\\hc few, who can consider flicts divested\\nof that splendour which time, place and cir-\\ncumstances are apt to l^estow upon them, and\\nfrom which they derive their lustre with the\\ngenerality of mankind.\\nCHAPTER XL\\n1688\u00e2\u0080\u00941692.\\nJVar with the Eastern Imliajis rene^vecL Ex-\\npedition against A ov a- Scotia and Canada,\\nTreaty of Peace concluded with the Indians,\\nOf the supposed Witchcraft in New -England,\\n1. Previously to the revolution in lesa\\ngovernment which was related in the foregoing\\nMr. John Cotton was styled the patriarch of New-Eng-land\\nhe was distinguished for the sweetness of hitfi temper for his\\ngreat abilities, profound learning, and eminent piety. Messrs.\\nHooker and Davenport were highly useful in founding the colo-\\nnies of Connecticut and Neu -Haven and Mr. Eliot s pious\\nlabours to christianize tke Indi*ns hare immortalized his mem-\\n\u00c2\u00a9ry.", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "100 History of Nexv-E?i gland,\\n1688 chapter, a fresh Indian war broke out on the\\nfrontiers of New-Engiand. As a pretence for\\ncornmencing hostiHties, the natives chai ged the\\nEnghbh with refusing to pay the tribute stipu-\\nlated in the treaty of 1678, with interrupting\\ntheir fishery in Saco river, with defrauding them\\nin trade, and granthig their lands witkout their\\nconsent.\\n2. Their resentment was enflamed by the\\nBaron de Castine, a Frenchman, who resided\\nwith the Indians at Penobscot, and had acquired\\ngreat ascendaixy over their minds. He com-\\nplained that the colonists had run a lir.e which\\nincluded his plantation, and thai they had pluH-\\ndered his house and fort of goods and imple-\\nments of war. By these complaints he excited\\ntlie Indians to rexenire their mutual injuries.\\nThey began hostilities by killing a number of\\nthe inhabitants of North Yarmouth.^\\n3. Insti Grated bv an intxtineuishable thirst\\nfor revenge, they determined to retaliate the\\nseizure of the four hundied Indians at the house\\nof major Waldron, which took place in 1676.\\nThe major then commanded at Cocheco, a\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0J\\nfrontier fort of great importance. Mesandoit,\\na sachem, who was hospitably lodged at his\\ngarrison during night, opened the gates to a\\nlarge number of Indians, who lay in ambush.\\nThey rushed in, barbarously murdered the\\nmajor and tv/enty-tvvo odiers, burned several\\nhouses, and took, twenty-riine captives, who\\nwere sold to the French in Canada, f\\n4. In order to check the depredation of the\\nsavages, the ivlassachusetts and Plymouth forces\\nproceeded to the eastward, settled garrisons at\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 241. t Belknap.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "Historif of NaxV England, 101\\nconvenient places, and had some skirmishes with\\nthe natives at Casco Bav, and Bkie Point. T he\\nIndians did much mischief by their flying par-\\nties, but no important action was performed on\\neither side during the remainder of the yecr.\\n5. As the French had instigated the Indians. 1590\\nto commence and continue the war, the colon-\\nists were induced to attack them at their settle-\\nments in Nova- Scotia and Canada. They ex-\\nerted themselves to the utmost to raise forces,\\nand g-ave the command to Sir William Phips.\\nThe iirst of these expeditions was crowned with\\nsuccess Port Royal, being in no condition to\\nsupport a siege, soon surrendered. The people\\nw^ere hence encouraged to prosecute cheir de-\\nsign against Canada, and equiped an armament\\nin some degree equal to the service. But the\\narrival of the fleet at Quebec being retarded till\\nthe season was ilir advanced, and the troops be-\\ning sickly and discouraged^ they were obliged\\nto abandon the enterprise*\\n6. The inhabitants of New- England were\\ngreatly dispirited by this disappoint iTicnt The\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2equipment of the fleet and army occasioned a\\ngreat expense, which they were little able to\\nsupport and a thousand men perished in the\\nexpedition. It was happy for the country that\\nthe Indians at this time voluntarily came in, on\\nthe 29th of November, and proposed a suspen-\\nsion of arms and a truce was agreed upon till\\nthe following May in conseqaeixce of which\\npeace was preserved during the winter. But\\nafter the renewal of hostilities they burnt the\\ntown of York, killed fifty of the people, and car-\\nK", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "102 History of Nexv-Englandp\\nriecl one hundred into capti\\\\ ity,* They con^\\ntinned their savage depredations until 1693^\\nwhen a peace was concluded with them at fort\\nPeniaquid.\\n7. Whilst the Indian^ were laying waste the\\nfrontiers of New-England, a new species of dis-\\ntress, originating from supposed witchcraft, fil-\\nled the minds of the people with gloom and hor-\\nrour. The prevailing credulity of the age, the\\nstrength of prejudice, the force of imagination,\\noperating on minds npt sufficiently enlightened\\nby reason and philosophy, all conspired to pro-\\nduce this fatal delusion.\\n8. in the year 1692, a daughter and neice of\\nMr. Parris., minister of Salem, one nii^ie and the\\nother eleven years qI age, were seized with siur\\ngular and unaccountubie complaints. A con-\\nsultation of ph} sicians was called, one of whom\\nVvas of oninion that thev were bev/itched. An\\nIndian woman, who resided with Mr. Parris, had\\nrecourse to some experiments^ M hich she pre-\\ntended Vv ere used in her own country, in order\\nto discover the witch. The children being in-\\nformed of this circumstance, accused the Indian\\nwoman of pinching, pricking, and tormenting\\nthem in various ways. This first instance was\\nthe occasion of several private fa sts in Mr. Par-\\nris house, and a number of others were observ-\\ned in the colony, f\\n9. The attention and compassion which the\\nchildren excited, probably induced them and al-\\nlured others to continue their imposture. Tlie\\nnumber of complainants who pretended to be\\nHutch^on, vol. i. p. 200. f Ibi4, vol. ii. p.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "i\u00c2\u00a3i3tory of New -England. 103\\nSeized with similar disorders, continually in-\\ncreased and they accused certain persons of\\nbeing the authors of their sufferings. As the\\nmost effectual way to prevent an accusation Vvas\\nto become an accuser, the number both of the\\nafflicted and accused was continually incrciising.\\n10. The accused in general persisted in as-\\nserting their innocence. Some, however, were\\nInduced to confess their guilt, being warmly im-\\nportuned by their friends to embrace this expe-\\ndient, as the only possible way to save their\\nlives. The confession of witchcraft increased\\nthe number of the suspected for associates\\ntvere always pretended by the party confessing.\\nThese pretended associates were immediately\\nsent for, examined, and generally committed to\\nprison.*\\n11. Though the number of prisoners had\\nbeen augmenting from February to June, yet\\nnone of them had as yet been brought to trial.\\nSoon after the arrival of the charter in 1692,\\ncommissioners of oyer and terminer were ap-\\npointed for this purpose. At the iirst trial there\\nwas no colonial nor provincial lav/ in force a-\\ngainst witchcraft. But before the adjournment\\nof the general court, the old colony law, which 1692\\nmakes witchcraft a capital offence, was revived\\nand adopted by the v/hole province.\\n12. In this distressing period nineteen per-\\nsons were executed, one pressed to death, and\\neight more condemned. Among those who\\nwere executed was Mr. Burroughs, formerly\\nminister at Salem, who left his people upon some\\nHutchinson, vol. ii. p. 30. Hale, p. 26.", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104 History of Nexv -England.\\n;,592 diiFerence in religions sentiments. Those who\\nsuiiered death asserted their innocence in the\\nsti ongest terms. Yet this circumstance was in\u00c2\u00ab\\nsufficient to open the eyes of the people and\\ntheli fury aii9; rr\\\\t-n^ed in proportion as the gloom\\nof imagination increased.*\\n13. The affairs of Massachusetts were now\\nin such a wretched situcition tfeat no man was\\nsure of his life and fonune for rin hour. An\\nuniversal consternation prevailed. Some charg-\\ned themselves with witchcraft, in order to pre-\\nvent accusation and escape death some aban-\\ndoned the province, and others were preparing\\nto follow their example. f\\n14. In this scerxC of perplexity and distress,\\nthose who were accused of witchcraft v/ere gen-\\nerally of the lowest order in society. At length\\nthe pretended sufferers had the audacity to ac-\\ncuse several persons of superiour rank and char-\\nacter. The authority then began to be less cre-\\ndulous prisoners were liberated those who\\nhad received senteaice of death were reprieved,\\nand afterwards pardoned. By degrees the whole\\ncountry becam^e sensible of their mistake, and a\\nmajority of the actors in this tragedy, expressed\\nsincere repentance of their conduct.\\n1693 1^ Whilst a review of the conduct of the\\ninhabitants of New^-England at this distressing\\nperiod, biduces us to accuse them of credulity\\nand superstition, Vv^e ought to soften the asperity\\nof our censure by remembering that they were\\nled into this delusion by the opinion of the great-\\nest civilians and divines in Europe. A similar\\nSec Dr. Cotton Mather s wonders of tke invisible, world,\\nt Hale, p. 33. Cal^;f.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "History of JVew-England. 105\\nopinion respecting A\\\\itchcraft was at the same\\ntime prevalent in Great-Britain. The law, by\\nMhich witches were condemned, was copied\\nfrom the English statutes, and the practice of\\ncourts in New- England, was regulated by pre-\\ncedents established in the parent country. These\\nstatutes continued in force in England some\\ntime in the reign of George 11. when it was\\nenacted, that no prosecution should in future\\nbe carried on against any person for conjuration,\\nwitchcratt, sorcery, or enchantment.\\nCHAPTER XIL\\n1694\u00e2\u0080\u00941713.\\nSir JFUliajn Ph ips recalled,. His Death and\\nCharacter, }Far with the Indians 7 enexved,\\nPeace concluded. The Earl ofBellamont ap-\\npointed Governour, His arrival at Boston,\\nHis dea th a t New York, Yale Cc liege fo iind^\\ned, Dudley appointed Governour, Indian\\nJVar, Reduction of Port Royal, Unsuccess-\\nful Expedition against Canada. Peace con^\\neluded with the French and Indians,\\n1. X HE New. England colonies had for\\nabout a year been relieved from the calamities of\\nwar, but the interfering claims of the English\\nand French would not permit the sword to be\\nlong sheathed. In 1692, the Sieur de Villien\\nwas in command at Penobscot, and with the\\nassist\u00c2\u00a3ince of Thury, the religious missionary\\nK2\\nBUckstone s Commentaries.", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "i06 History of Nckv-Enghnd.\\nfrom the French nation, persurided the eastern\\nliiCiians to break* their treaty, and prepare Ibr\\nhcbtilities.\\n2. Whilst the war with the Indians was im-\\npending, the people became dissatisfied with the\\ngovernment, and transmitted complaints to the\\nking against Sir William Phips. He and his\\naccusers were cited to repair to Whitehall,. and\\nhaving obtained a recommendation from the\\ngene/al assembly, he embarked for England.\\nBut before his cause could be hoards he was\\nsuddenly seized with a malignant fev^er, of which\\nbe died in 1695, at the age of forty-five years.\\n3. Sir William Phips was born of poor and\\nobscure parents, in the eastern part of New-\\nEngland. His education had furnished him\\nwitii few advantages for literary improvem.ent\\nbut he had passed through a variety of scenes in\\nactive life. His first employment was that of\\nkeeping sheep he was next a ship carpenter,\\nand after^vards a senm.an. Having amassed a\\nconsiderable fortune by discovering a Spanish\\nwreck near Port de la Plate, he was introduced\\nto men of rank and fortune, and rose to distinc-\\ntion. Though he did not possess the reputation\\nof being a deep politician, he v/as a man of great\\nindustry, enterprise, and firmness, attentive to\\nthe duties of religion, and studious to promote.\\npiety and virtue in others.\\n1694 4. After Sir William Phips left the province,,\\nthe authority devolved upon lieutenant-gover-\\nnour Stoughton. Previously to his entering on\\nlli^ administration, the country was again invol-\\nMather, vol ii. p. 68, Life of Sir William Phip^.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "History of Neiv-Englanch lOT*\\nved in the calamities of war. The Sieur Villien,\\nwith a body of two hundred and fifty Indians,\\ncollected from the tribes of St. John, Penobscot,\\nand Norridgwog, marched against the people on\\nOyster river, in Nevz-Hiinipshire, killed and\\ncai^tivated about an hundred persons, and burn^^\\ned twenty houses, of which five were garrisonso\\n5. During the remainder of this and the\\nsubsequent winter, the Indians continued to rav-\\nage the frontiers. In 1696, they, in conjunction\\nwith the French, took and demolished Pemaquid\\nfort and exulting in their success,, threatened\\nto involve the country in ruin and desolation.\\n6. This year a fleet sailed from France to 16977\\nNewfoundland expecting to be joined by an\\narmy f^om Canada, in order to assault Boston,\\nand ravage the coast to Pascataqua but the\\nseason being far advanced, and their provisions\\nscanty, the French were obliged to relinquish\\ntheir design of invading the country. After the\\npeace of Rys\\\\^ ick took place, the govenioyr of\\nCanada informed the Indians that he could no\\nlonger support their cause, and advised them to\\nbury the hatchet, and restore their prisoners.\\nThis induced them fo enter into a treaty at\\nCasco, by which they submitted to the British\\ngovernment.\\n7. After the war in Europe w^as terminated, 1698\\nthe king appointed the earl of Beliamont gover-\\nnour of New- York, Massachusetts, and New-\\nHampshire. The earl arrived in Boston, IMay\\n26, 1699, and in the same year leld tv/o sessions\\nof the general court. The politeness and afta-\\n*0n a point of landj and at the mouth of a river of the same\\nHame, a little to the east of Booth -bsiy, in the disti-ict of Ma^n^jv", "height": "3249", "width": "1891", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "108 History of Xew- England.\\n1686 bility of his behaviour, his attention to the habits\\nand manners of the colonies, and his respectful\\nattendance upon the congregational lectures, con-\\nciliated the minds of the people, who ti^eated him\\nwith the utmost deference. His depth, which\\ntook place at New- York, March 18th, the fol-\\nlowing year, was greatly regretted by the people\\nin his several governments.*\\n8. The inhabitants of New- England were\\nsolicitous to use those intervals when they were\\nnot engaged in w^ar with the natives, in promot-\\ning the means of instruction. In 1699 the Hon.\\nWilliam Stoughton^ heutenant-governour of the\\nprovince of Massachusetts, erected a buildii:kg\\nfor the accommodation of the students at the uni-\\nversity of Cambridge. It was called Stough-\\nton Hall after his name, and served to perpet^\\nuate his memory.\\n9. The design of founding a college in Con-\\nnecticut, was first concerted by several respect-\\nable and pious ministers of that colony, with a\\nprimary view to the education of youth for the\\nministry. Ten of the principal clergymen, upon\\nbeing nominated to stand as trustees in order to\\nestablish this institution, convened at New- Ha-\\nven in 1700, accepted the charge, and founded\\na college at Kiiling\\\\\\\\ orth. The following year\\nthey obtained a charter from the general assem-\\nbly of Connecticut, and a grant of money for\\nthe CHCOuragement of this infant seminary. f\\n10. The college was removed to Say brook\\nin 1707, where it continued till 1716, when it\\nwas permanently fixed at New-Haven and the\\nBelknap, vol. i. p. 281.\\nHolmes Life of president StileSj p. 315,", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "history of New -England. 109\\nfollowing year a large and commodious building\\nwas erected for the reception of the students.\\nAt the first commencement, which was held at\\nNew-Haven in 1718^ it was called Yale CoUege,\\nin commemoration of governour Yale s great\\ngenerosity, who had been one of its most liberal\\nbenefactors.\\n11. The inhabitants of Connecticut paid\\ngreat attention to the rcliglous as well as the lit-\\nerary state of the colony. In 1708 a synod was\\nconvened at Say brook, composed of the minis-\\nters and delegates from the churches of Hartford,\\nNew-Haven, Fairfield, and New-London, with\\ntv/o or more messengers from a converition of\\nthe churches in each county. This synod drew\\nup the form of church government and disci-\\npline, which is styled die Say brook platform\\nand which became the established constitution\\nof the Connecticut churches.\\n12. This year, queen Anne, who succeeded 1702\\nking William, appointed Joseph Dudley, esq,\\ngovernour of Massachusetts and New-Hamp-\\nshire. In conformit} to his instructions, he re-\\nquired the fixing of a permanent salary for him-\\nself and his successors. But the tendency of\\nthis measure to establish the controul of the crown\\nover the proceedings of the legislature, was so\\nwell understood, and met with such a spirited\\nopposition, both from the council and house of\\nrepresentatives, that after a long contest the gov-\\neiTiOur was obliged to relinquish the object.*\\n13. The savage tribes, instigated and assist-\\ned as usual by the French, were preparing for\\nMiuot, vol i. p. 59.", "height": "3249", "width": "1882", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "110 History of Xew-England,\\n1703 hostilities when govemour Dudley began hi:\\nadministration. In order to avert, if possible,-\\nthe calamity of a fresh war, the governour held\\na conference with delegates from the Indian\\ntribes, and though they gave the strongest as-^\\nsurances of their pacific disposition, a body of\\nFrench and Indians soon after attacked all the\\nsettlements from Casco to Weils killed and\\ntook about an hundred and thirty persons, and\\nburned many buildings. At this distressing\\nperiod, the women ^nd children repaired to the\\ngarrison, the men went armed to labour, and\\nposted sentinels in the fields, and the whole\\nfrontier country, from Deerfield to Casco, was\\nkept in continual terrour by small parties of the\\nenemy,\\n14. In February 1704, the Indians made a\\ndescent upon Deerfield, a remote settlement on\\nConnecticut river. After putting forty of the\\ninhabitants to death, and taking about an hun-\\ndred captive,- they departed, leaving a consider-\\nable number of the buildings in fitimes. They\\nconducted the prisoners to Canada where Vau-\\ndi euil, the French governour, treated them\\nwith great humanity.,\\n1704 15. The colonies raised forces to repel their\\nsavage attacks, and the chief command was giv-\\nen to Col. Church, \\\\vho had rendered himself\\nfamous by his exploits in Philip s war. By gov-\\nernour Dudley s order, he led his army to the\\neastern shoves. At Pascataqua he was joined by\\na body of men, under Major Hilton who did\\nhim eminent service. The English army de-\\nBelknap. Penhallow s Hist, of the Wars of New-England.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "History of tS eu^ England, ill\\nslroyed the towns of Minas and Chiegnu-to, and\\ndid considerable damrtge to the French and In-\\ndians at Penobscot and Passamaquoddy.-^ 1705\\n16. The g.ovci*noiir at this period deputed\\nseveral gentlemen to Canada, for the exchange\\nof ptisoners. They returned with a number\\nof the inhabitants of Deerfield, and other cap-\\ntives. The French governeur sent a commis-\\nsioner to Boston with proposals for a neutrality\\nthough governour Dudley was unwilling to ac-\\ncede to his plan yet by protracting the negoci-\\nation, the frontiers were preserved tolerably\\nquiet during the remainder of this year.\\n17. In April, the Indians killed eight and 1706\\nOunded two people, near Oj^ster river. The\\ngarrison was near, but not a man in it. I he\\nwomen hov/ever seeing nothing bat death be-\\nfore tb.em, put on hats^ loosened their hair, and\\nfired so biisk iv; that the enemy apprehending\\nthe peo])Ie Vvcre alarmed, fled widiout b UTiii-^\\nor even plundering the liouse they had attack-\\ned.!\\n18. The following year the colonists made 1707\\nan attempt against Port Royal but from a dis-\\nagreement among the officers, and a misappre-\\nhension of ti)e state of the fort and garrison,\\nthey were unsuccessful. In the mean time the\\nIndians continued tlieir dostructive depreda-\\ndations. Li 1708 they peneti ated into Massa-\\nchusetts, burned part of die town of Haverhill,\\nkilled about an hundred of die inhabitants, and\\ntook a large number of prisoners,\\nChurch 3 History of the IntUan Ww\u00c2\u00bb p. 165.\\nt Belknap, vol 1, p. ZZ9,", "height": "3249", "width": "1882", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 Hislory of Ncrw -England,\\n1710 1^ This year the territory of Acadic^ was\\nsubdued by the surrender of Port Royal. QoL\\nVetch Vv^as appointed governour, and its name\\nwas changed to Annapolis, in honour of queen\\nAnne. This success encouraged the colonists\\nto attempt the reduction of Quebec. General\\nNicholson sailed to England to solicit assistance\\nfor this purpose, and his application was sue-\\ncessful.t\\n1711 20. The combined army of British and A-\\nmericans, engaged in this enterprize, amounted\\nto about 6500 men. The fleet sailed from Bos-\\nton on the 30th of July, and the English and\\nAmericans entertained the most sanguine hopes\\n-of success. These were all blasted in one fatal\\nnightjv when eight transports were wrecked on\\nEgg Island, near the north shore, and a thou-\\nsand people perished, among whom there was\\nbut one man who belonged to New- England.\\nThe expedition was relinquished, and the peo-\\nple felt the keenest disappointment and regret.\\nThe failure of this expedition encouraged the\\nIndians to continue their ravages until the fol-\\nlowing year, when intelligence of the treaty of\\nUtrech arrived in New- England and, on the\\n29th of October, a suspension of arms was pro-\\nclaimed at Portsmouth and the Indians, no\\nlonger stimulated to hostility, by the French,\\nreadily concluded a peace. J\\n21. Duri\u00c2\u00bbg the war, Massachusetts and\\n-New-Ham.pshire were particularly exposed to\\nthe ravages of the Indians, which prevented the\\nThe name by which Nova-ScoUa was known vtien it be-\\nlonged to tlie French.\\nt Wpine s Hislory of the British Empire.\\nHistory of Canada.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "Hhtory of Nexv-Enc^hnd, 115\\nincrease of their population in proportion to the\\nother colonies. Since Philip s war, it was com-\\nputed that Massachusetts had lost from five to\\nsix thousand soldiers. This province, whilst\\nthe war lasted, was also subjected to heavy\\ntaxes, without any compensation from the pat-\\nent state.\\n22. Notwithstanding these diffio^-ilties retard-\\ned the population of Massachusetts, many new\\ntownships were formed in the province. The\\nNew-England churches, in the meantime, were\\nrapidly multiplying. In 1696 there wei e an\\nhundred and thirty churches formed in the colo-\\nnies thirty-five of which were in Connecticut.\\nFor seventy years from the first settlement of\\nthis colony, the congregational was the only\\nmode of worship. Some of the people at Strat-\\nford, who had been educated in the episcopalian\\nsentiments, in 1706, introduced a clergyman of\\nthat persuasion. The novelty of the aftair, and\\nother circumstances, gained a considerable as-\\nsembly and he baptized twenty -five pei*sons.\\nThis w-as the first step towai ds introducing the\\nepiscopal worship in tlie colony.^\\n23. In the year v/hich restored peace to the\\ncolonies, the long contested question, of boun-\\ndary between Massachusetts and Connecticut,\\nwas settled to the satisfaction of both parties,\\nand the lands, granted to Connecticut, were ap-\\nplied for the support of Y^ile college. In the\\ns\u00c2\u00bbame year the contest, respecting the boundary\\nwith Rhode-Island, vv^as also adjusted by agrec-\\nwient.\\nL\\nTrumbuH.", "height": "3249", "width": "1882", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114 History of New- England,\\n24. At this period fort} -five towns were set-\\ntled in Connecticut, and the number of ordain-\\ned ministers was forty-three. There Vv ere be-\\nsides candidates preaching in the towns, in which\\nchurches were not formed. The inhabitants oi\\nthis colony had multiplied to about seventeen\\nthousand.\\n25. Although about two years since, the\\ngreatest pail of the town of Boston was laid in\\nashes, by an accidental fire and, notwithstand-\\ning the inhabitants of New- England were con-\\nsiderably in debt, on account of the late war, it\\nwas soon rebuilt in a far more elegant and com-\\nmodious manner than before. This evinced the\\nprodigious acquisitions the people had made by\\ncommerce and industry, since the foundation of\\nthe colony. The peace of Utrech greatly in-\\ncreased the wealth and happiness of New-Eng-\\nland. The authors of the Universal History\\nobserve, that, the iniiabitants of those colonies,\\nto their native love of ii;:;ertv^ added now the\\npolite arts cf life industry was embellished by\\nelegance; and, what would have been hardly\\ncredible in ancient Greece and Rome, in less than\\nfourscore years, coioriics, almost unassisted by\\ntheir mother country, arose in the wilds of\\nAmerica, which, i: transplanted to Europe,\\nand rendered an independent government, would\\nliave made no mean figure amidst her sovereign\\nstates. I\\nOctober 30th^ 1711. Massachusetts Historical Collections,\\n^\u00c2\u00abi. T. p. 52.\\nt Uaivergal Iii\u00c2\u00abtorj vol. xix. p. 334.", "height": "3218", "width": "1863", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "History of Xciv-Englajid, 115\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\n1714\u00e2\u0080\u00941730.\\nAccession of George I, Appointment of CoL\\nSJiiite and Removal of Mr, Dudley, Of the\\nGovernour^s Altercation with the People.\\nPrevalence of the Smallpox. IFar with the\\nFrench and Indians, Death of the Jesuit\\nPalle, Peace, P ort Dummer built. Ap-\\npointment of Mr, Burnet, His Controversy\\nwith Massachusetts, He dies, and is succeed-\\ned by Mr, Belcher, Controversy respecting\\nthe Governour^s Salary terjninated.\\n1. VJEORGE I. who ascended die 1714\\nthrone ofGreat-Britam, after the death of queen\\nAnne, appointed Col. Samuel Shute governour\\nof Massachusetts and New-Hampshire. Mr.\\nDudley wasremoved,and, having* passed through\\nmany scenes of active life, retired to a private\\nstation. He was celebrated by his friends for\\nhis diligence, frugality, and judgment whilst\\nhe was chai ged by his enemies with bribery,\\ncorruption, and other crimes. Ambition ap-\\npears to have been his ruling passion and his\\narbitrary principles rendered his administration\\nunpopular in New- England.\\n2. Co!. Shute arrived in Boston, October 1st, 1 715\\nand was received with the usual parade. The\\nsubsequent summer, attended by a number of\\nthe counsel from both provinces, he met the\\nIndians at Arrowswick island, and exerted all\\nIn the District of Maine, near to Parker s island, in the\\nrpouth of Kennebeck river.", "height": "3258", "width": "1832", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "116 History of New -England.\\n2^26 influence to coninm them in their friendship\\nand in order to induce them to rehnquish the\\nRoman cathohc religion, in ^.vhich they were in-\\nstructed by the French, he oiTered them an In-\\ndian bible, and a protestant missionary. They\\nrejectea both, bnt as their aged men were ex-\\ntremely averse to a new war, they agreed, after\\nsome altercation, to rcne \\\\v theti eaty which v/as\\nmade at Portsmouth.*\\n3. Some time elapsed before there was an\\nopen opposition to governour Shutc s adminis-\\ntration. Subjects of contention however arose,\\nand mclUpli\u00c2\u00a3;d during several yeai s. In 1720\\nth,e popular resentment v/as highly inflamed, by\\nhis negativing of the choice of the speaker of\\ntlie house of representatives, and disst iving the\\ncourt upon their refusing to make another choice.\\nHe revived the controversy, respecting a fixed\\nixhsx-^, which was begun by govemour Dudley,\\n,aitd he was ecjually unsuccessful. The inhabi-\\ntants of New-Iiampshire were however satisfied\\nwith his government, as far as respected them-\\nselves:, and contributed more than their propor-\\ntion towards his support.\\n4. The opposition, which the governour\\nmet with in Massachusetts, induced him in\\n1722 to return to England. Upon his arrival,\\nhe exhibited a variety of complaints against the\\nJiouse of representatives. The British minis-\\ntry vrere highly irritated, and concluded that it\\nwas the object of the people to be independent\\nof the parent country. The result was, that\\nthe province was obliged to accept an explana-\\ntory charter, (August 12th 1726,) confirming\\nHutebiRSon, vol. li. p. 121. mstorical Collections, vol. \\\\su", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "History of J^ exu-En gland, 117\\nthe power of the governour to negative the speak-\\ner and denying to the house of representa-\\ntives the right ofadjOLirning itself longer than\\ntwo diiys.*\\n5. Whilst the province was distressed by 1721\\ninternal divisions, and alarmed with the appre-\\nhension of a fourth Indian w^ar, the prevalence\\nof the smallpox, which raged in Boston and the\\notlier adjacent towns, was a source of addition-\\nal calamity. In Boston 844. died of this disease.\\nDr. Cotton Mather, one of the principal clergy-\\nmen in that place, having read of the practice of\\ninoculation at Constantinople, recommended\\nit to the physicians. They all declined it, ex-\\ncept Dr. Boylston, who began with his own\\nfamily, and proved successful. But the prac-\\ntice being new, he whs obliged to contend with\\npopular prejudice, and sufiered much public\\nodium on this account.\\n6. In the mean time, the country suffered\\nfrom the depredations of the Indians. The in-\\nfluence of the French was iacreasedi by Sebas-\\ntian Ralle, a Jesuit missionary, who had estab-^\\nlished a church at Norridgwog. He as a man\\nof good sense, learning, and address, and an\\nenthusiast for his coumiy and religion. He ex-\\nerted all the energy of his mind to infiame the\\npassions of the Indians, against the colonists.\\nIn 1722 a body of troops was ordered to Nor-\\nridgwog to seize Ralle, who having received\\nan intimation of their design,, had escaped^ But\\nthey secured his papers, by hich it appeared\\nthat the governour of Canada was deeply engag-^\\nL 2\\nHutchirison, vol. ii. pajje 245^", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "118 History of Nerv- England;\\ned ill exciting the Indians to a rupture, and\\nhad promised them his assistance.\\n7. This attempt to seize their spiritual far-\\nther stimulated the Indians to revenge. After\\ncommitting several hostile acts, they made a fu-\\nrious attack on the town of Berwick, which they\\ndestroyed. This action determined the govern^\\nment to issue a declaration of war against them,\\nwhich w as published at Boston and Portsmouth,\\non the 25th of July.*\\n8. The devastations of the Indians during\\nthis, and the subsequent year, caused the gov-\\nernment to resolve on an expedition to Nor-\\nridgwog. The captains Moulton and Harman,\\nof York, at the head of a company of one hun-\\ndred men, executed their orders with great ad-\\ndress. Tkey completely invested and surprised\\nthat village; killed the obaoxious Jesuit with\\nabout eighty of his Indians recovered three\\ncaptives destroyed the chapel, and brought\\naw^ay the plate and furniture of the altar.\\n9. This year the provinces of Massachusetts\\nand New-Hampshire sent commissioners to the\\ngoverncur of Canada, to remonstrate against\\nhis injustice in countenancing the Indians, and\\nto insist upon his withdrawing his aid. This\\nremonstrance had the desired effect, and a peace\\nwas soon after concluded at Falmouth with the\\nIndian tribes.\\n10. In the year 1724, a settlement was first\\ntnade within the present limits of Vermont.\\nThe government of Massachusetts then built\\nfort Durmner, upcn Connecticut river. This\\nfort was at that time admitted to be within M^", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "liktory of N w -England,\\nsaehusctts. It was afterwards found to be in\\nNew- Hampshire, and is now included in the\\nstate of Vermont.*\\n11. After the departure of governour Shute^\\nMr. William Dummer, the then lieutenant gov-\\nernour, succeeded him in the administration of.\\nMassachusetts. Mr. Wentworth, Ueu tenant gov-\\nernour of New- Hampshire, managed the conv\\ncerns of that province.\\n12. Upon the accession of George II. Wil-\\nliam Burnet, son to the celebrated bishop of\\nSarum, and a man of good undei standing and\\npolite literature, was appointed governour of\\nMassachusetts and New- Hampshire. He had\\npositive instructions from the crown to insist\\nupon a j ermanent salary, Mhich being peremp-\\ntorily refused by the assembly of Massachusetts,\\na warm altercation took place on this long con-\\ntested point. New-Hampshire granted him a\\nfixed salary on certain cenditions. His death,\\nwhich took place in 1729, has been supposed\\nto have been the effect of his controversy with\\nl^fassachusetts.\\n13. The English ministry highly resented 17^0\\nthe treatment, which Mr. Burnet, who had\\npreviously been a popular governour in New-\\nYork, and New- Jersey, received in Massachu-\\nsetts aad it was proposed to reduce fliat prov-\\nince to a more absolute dependence upon the\\ncrown. Howxver, a spirit of moderation final-\\nly prevailed, and Mr. Jonathan Belcher, a na-\\ntive of Massachusetts, was appointed governour,\\nand w^s received in Boston v/ith great joy. At\\nthe commencement of his administration he ajj-\\nISf^illiama History of Vermont, p. 211.", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "120 Histor:/ of J\\\\e^u- England,\\ntempted to obtain a fixed salary, but the assem-\\nbly of the province continued their opposition\\nwith such inflexible perseverance, that he gave\\nup the point, and eadeavoured to obtain a re-\\nlaxation ill his instructions. A consent to re-\\nceive particular sums was obtained for several\\nyeai s and at length a general permission was\\nconceded to receive such sums, as should be\\ngranted by the assembly. Tluis the tedious\\ncontroversy respecting the goveinour a salary\\nwas finally terminated.*\\n14. Whilst the provinces of Massachusetts\\nand New- Hampshire were engaged is alterca-\\ntions with the governours, who were appointed\\nby tlie crown, the colonies of Connecticut and\\nRhode-lskmd enjoyed, under their ancient char-\\nters, the privilege of choosing their own rulers,\\n15. Though the altercations between the\\ngovernours appointed by the crown, and the\\ngeneral assemblies of Massachusetts afford little\\nentertainment, simply considered yet they ap-\\npear more interesting when viewed as resulting\\nfrom that love of liberty, which ever formed a\\ndistinguished trait in the character of the inhab-\\nitants of New-England. The opposition, which\\nwas made to fixing a salary on the royal gov-\\nernours, nurtured a spirit of independence\\nand early habits of resisting the encroachments\\nof Britain, prepared them for that arduous con-\\ntest which finally terminated in a separation\\nfrom the parent state.\\nBelknap, vol. p. ^S,", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "liistery of Neuo-England. 121\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\n1731\u00e2\u0080\u00941749.\\nA Party is dissatisfied xvith Mr,. B etcher s Gov-\\nernrnent. Divisional Line settled between\\nMassachusetts and New -Hampshire, Remov-\\nal of Mr. Belcher, Mr, Shirley appointed\\nGovernour, Reduction ofLouisbourg, Dis-\\n.persion of tJie Fremh Fleet, Treaty of\\nPeace.\\n1. Notwithstanding govemour\\nBelcher s populai- tale;nt3 and the integTity of\\nhis ciDft kict, an Opposition was formed against\\nhiirjj afrid eompkirxt^ of his conduct were trans-\\nmitted to England; Mr. Dunbar, the lieuten-\\nant-governour of New- Hampshire, was at the\\nhead of this party. Thel/ object was not onlj\\nto displace Mr. Belcher, but to obtain for that\\nprovince a distinct governour, who should have\\nno connexion with Massachusetts. In order\\nto remove the obstacle which arose from the\\nsmallness of New-Hampshire, they were desir-\\nous to have die bounds of their territory fixed\\nand enlarged.\\n2. The controversy between Massachusetts\\nand New-Hampshire, respecting the divisio?ial\\nline, was left to the decision of the lords of the\\ncouncil, who gave the latter a tract of country\\nfourteen miles in breadth, and above fifty in\\nlength, more than they had ever claimed.\\nNotwithstanding the politicians of Massachu-\\nsetts v/ere chagrined and enraged, and petition-\\ned tl^ king tliat he would re-annex the lands t*", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122 History of Nei^v- England.\\ntheir government, their petition was rejected,\\nand Nevv-HLmpshire formed into a separate\\ngovernment.\\n3. In the mean time, Mr. Belcher s enemies\\nwere inde\u00c2\u00a3ttigable in their endeavours to re-\\nmove him and by incessant applications to the\\nministr} by misrepresentation, falsehood, and\\nforgery, they accomplished their views. He\\nrepaired to court, and having clearly evinced\\nhis integrity, and the base designs of his ene-\\nmies, was appointed governour of New-Jersey,\\nwhere he passed the remainder of his days in\\npeace, sind where his memory has been treated\\nwith merited respect. Mr. Belcher was suc-\\nceeded in Massachusetts by William Shirley,\\nEsq. and in New-Hampshire by Berming Went-\\nworth, Esq.\\n1745 4. Intelligence of war with France and\\nSpain being received in Massachusetts, the gen-\\neral court resolved to raise forces to attack\\nNova- Scotia. Governour Shirley projected an\\ncnterprize against Louisbourg, which from its\\ngreat strength was called the Dunkirk of\\nAmerica. Twenty. fne years, and thirty mil-\\nlions of livres, had been employed in its fortifi-\\ncations, f In order to reduce this town, the\\ngovernour solicited and obtained naval assistance\\nfrom England, under the command of commo-\\ndore Warren. The forces employed by Mas-\\nsachusetts amounted to upwards of 3,200 men.\\nThe colonies of New-Hanipshire and l hode-\\nIshmd furnished each 300 J and Connecticut\\nBelknap, vol. ii. p. 172.\\nf Modern universal history, vol. xix. p. 340.\\nThe forces from Rhode-Uland did \u00c2\u00abot arrive till after the\\nsurfcndeF.", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "History of Nciv ^England, 123\\n500. William Peppcrill, Esq. of Kittery, was 1745\\nappointed to command the land forces.\\n5. The final resolution for this entcrprize\\nj, against Loiiisbourg, \\\\Aas carried by the majority\\nof one only. After the forces had embarked,\\nthe hearts of many began to fail. Some repent-\\ned that they had voted for the expedition, or\\npromoted it and the most thoughtful were in-\\nvolved in the greatest perplexity.*\\n6. Towards the end of April, commodore\\nWarren arrived from the West- Indies, with a\\nsixty-four gun sliip, and two ships of forty guns.\\nHe was soon after joined by another of forty,\\nwhich had reached Casco a short time before.\\nThe men of war sailed immediately to cruise\\nbefore Louit^bourg. The forces soon followed,\\nand landed at Chapeaurouge Bay, the last day\\nof April. The transports were discovered from\\nthe town early in the morning, which gave\\nthe inhabitants the first knov/ledge of the\\ndesign.\\n7. The second day after landing, four hun-\\ndred men mijhed round behind the hiils, to\\nthe northeast part of the harbour, in the night,\\nwhere they burned the vvarehcuses containing\\nthe naval stores. The clcuds of thick smoke,\\nproceeding from tlie pitch, tar, and other com-\\nbustibles, diiven by the wind into the great\\nbattery, terrified the French to such a degi-ee\\nthat they abi \u00e2\u0080\u00a2idoncd it, and retired to the city,\\nafter having spiked the guns, and thrown their\\npowder into a well.\\n8. The hardships of the seige were v^^thout\\nparallel in all preceding American operations.\\nI\\nBelknq), toI. u. p. 214.", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "1^4 History of New- England,\\n1745 The army was employed for fourteen nights\\nsuccessively, in drawing camion, mortars, c.\\nfor two miles thr\u00c2\u00a9ugh a morass to their camp.\\nThe Americans were yoked together, and per-\\nformed labour beyond the power of oxen, which\\nlabour could be done only in the night, or in a\\nfoggy day the place being \\\\vithin clear view\\nand random shot of the enemy s walls.\\n9. The success of this enterprize was accel-\\nerated by the capture of the Vigilant, a French\\nsi:j^ty gjim ship with 5 GO men on board, and a\\ngreat variety of military stores for the relief of\\nthe garrison. This event threw the enemy into\\ngreat perturbation and the preparations, which\\nv/ere evidently making for a general^ assault, de-\\ntermined Duchambon, the commanding officer,\\nto surrender and accordingly on the 1 7th of June\\nhe capitulated. The French flag however was\\nkeptHyingas a decoy, by v. hich means die enemy s\\nships, estimated at 600,000/. sterling, w^ere ta-\\nken by the squadron at the mouth of the har-\\nbour, where they sailed as usual, not knowing\\nthat the place had surrendered to the English.\\n10. Upon entering the fortress and viewing\\nits sti ength, and the plenty and variety of its\\nmeans of defence, die most courageous were\\nspiralled, and the impracticability of canying it\\nby assault was fully demonstrated.\\n1 1 The weather was remarkably line during\\ntlie seige but the rains began the day after tlie\\nsurrender, and continued ten days incessantly,\\nwhich would undoubtedly have proved fatal to die\\nexpedition, had not the capitulation prevented.\\nSee letters relating to the expedition against Cape Breton,\\nin the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vol i*\\n\u00c2\u00abee also Belknap, vol. ii. p. 2%X^ 222.", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "History of New -England, 125\\n12. The religious inhabitants of New- Eng-\\nland contemplated with pious gratitude the re-\\nmai kable interpositions of divhie providence, in\\nthe reduction of this to^vn, and the almost mi-\\nraculous preservation of the army from destruc-\\ntion.*\\n13. The success of the expedition against 1746\\nLouisbourg excited universal joy in America,\\nand filled Europe with astonishment. The en-\\nterprising spirit of New-England gave a serious\\nalarm to those jealous fears, which had long pre-\\ndicted the independence of the colonies. But\\nthough the English were disposed to ascribe the\\nmerit of the conquest to the navy, colonel Pep-\\nperiil received with the title of baronet, the more\\nsubstantial reward of a regiment in the British\\nestablishment to be raised in America. The\\nsame honour imd emolument were bestowed on\\ngovernour Shirley and after much difiiculty\\nand delay, parliament reimbursed the colonies\\nfor their expenses, f\\n14. Whilst the British colonies, elated with\\nsuccess, planned a new expedition against Can-\\nada, the French, stimulated by revenge, formed\\nthe design of invading New- England. For this\\npurpose a very powerful fleet and army, under\\nthe command of the duke d Anville, sailed for\\ntlie American coast. This formidable armament\\nconsisted of a large number of ships of wai and\\ntransports containing about eight thousand dis-\\nciplined troops, with veteran officers, and all\\nkinds of military stores.\\nM\\nPrince s Thanksgiving sermon on the t*kiug of Loulebourc^,\\nift 1745, p. 22\u00e2\u0080\u009425.\\nt Marsbal s Life of Wftshington.", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126 History of Neiv-EngJand.\\n1746 colonies w^ere disappointed in their\\nexpectation of a British squadron for their de-\\nfence and their situation appeared extremely\\ndangerous. They were however at length prov-\\nidentially relieved. The French fleet was visit-\\ned by such a mortal sickness, that thirteen hun-\\ndi*ed died at sea and the greatest part of those\\nwho remained were extremely weakened and\\ndispirited. In addition to this calamity, the fleet\\nw^as dispersed by a violent tempest. The com-\\nmander, in dcbpair, put a period to his life by\\npoison; and the vice admiral fell on his sword.\\nPart of the ships were lost, and those which es-\\ncaped returned sickly to France.*\\n16. Dr. Belknap observes, never was the\\nhand of divine providence more visible than on\\nthis occasion. Never was a disappointment\\nmore severe on the side of an enemy, nor a de-\\nliverance more complete, t^ ithout human help,\\nin favour of this country, f\\n17. When the alarm occasioned by the French\\nfleet had subsided, the season was too far advanc-\\ned to prosecute the expedition against Canada.\\nGovernour Shirley was so intent upon attacking\\nCrown Point, that he even proposed to m.arch\\nthither in the winter, and had the address to\\ndraw the assembly of Massachusetts into an ap-\\nprobation of his project but the prudence of the\\nConnecticut assembly, which refused to furnish\\ntheir troops, frustrated this rash attempt until the\\nensuing spring. The termination of the war\\nprevented the renewal of the plan. By the treaty\\nof Aix la Chapelie in 1748, it was stipulated,\\nTrince s Thanksgiving sermon, p. 20-\\nBelknap. vol. ii. p. 280, 232.", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "History of J\\\\ ew-I^J7gf(wd, 127\\nthat all things should be restored to the foothig\\nthey held before the war.^\\n18. No sooner were the distresses of war 1749.\\nclosed by the renewal of peace, than the colonies\\nof Ncu -England were alarmed with the report\\nof an American episcopacy, which it was the\\nmost earnest desire of Dr. Thomas Seeker, late\\narchbishop of Canterbury to establish, f The\\ncolonies were opposed to the introduction of\\nepiscopacy because they supposed it would be\\naccompanied with such a degree of civil power,\\nas would at length infringe upon the rights of\\nother denominations, and they had the satisfac-\\ntion of finding the design of introducing bishops\\nlaid aside for the present.\\n19. This year Benning Wentworth, esq.\\ngovernour of New-Hampshire, made a grant to\\nthat colony of a township six miles square, which,\\nin allusion to his name, was called Bennington.\\nWithin the term of four or five years, lie made\\nseveral other s^rants on the west side of Connec\\nicut river. J\\n20. An elegant author observes, that the\\nwar which terminated in 1748, displayed the\\ncharacter of the New- Engl and colonies in an\\nelevated point of view, with prospects of increas-\\nhig greatness. And opportunities occurred of\\nexhibiting that strength and spirit, which after-\\nwards contributed so essentially to the aggrand-\\nizement of their mother country, and finaily to\\ntheir ovvai sovereignty and independence. J\\nBelknap, vol. ii. p. 254.\\nSee ^e letters of Dr. Seeker, In the Appendix to the Life\\nof Dr. Samuel Johnson, first president of king s college in New-\\nYork, bv Dr. T. B Chandler. .m\\nWiiliams Hist, of Ver. p. 212. Minot s Contin..y^ i..p. 82.", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128 History of New -England.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\n1753_1763.\\nJRevrval of the Disputes between the French and\\nBritish colonies. Congress appointed. French\\nexpelled from Nova Scotia, Defeat of Gen-\\neral Braddock, Air. Pitt appointed prime\\nfninister. Douisbourg taken. Several French\\nforts reduced. Qiicbec taken, after a severe\\nbatUe^ in which the Generals Wolfe and Mont-\\nomerif are slain. Several French Islands\\nreduced. Peace.\\n1 1 HE treaty of Aix la Chapelle had not\\nsatisfactorily adjusted the controverted points be-\\ntween the French and EngUsh concerning the\\nlimits of their respective settlements and their\\ninterfering claims threatened to revive the flames\\nof war. These circumstances induced Massa-\\nchusetts and iive other provinces, to appoint dele-\\ngates to meet in convention at Albany in 1754,\\nfor tlie purpose of concerting measures for their\\nmutual defence. The plan they proposed for\\nthe union of the colonics was however rejected\\nboth in America and in England, though the\\nreasons for rejection in the two countries were\\nopposite. In America it was considered as vest-\\ning too much povv^er in the crown in England\\nit was opposed because it gave too much author-\\nity, to the legislative assemblies of the colonies.^\\nBelknap, vol. ii. pa^e 284.", "height": "3222", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "Hutory of New -England. 129\\n2. This year several expeditions were iin- 1755\\nder taken against the Freneh settlements. The\\nfirst object ^was to expel them fi cm No^-a- Scotia.\\nThe forces which were raised for this purpose\\nwere chiefi^^ from Massachusetts but the com-\\nmand was given to Col. Monckton, a British\\nofficer. This enterprize was conducted with\\nenergy, and crowned with success. In the\\ncourse of about a month, \\\\\\\\ith the loss of only\\nthree men, the English found themselves in\\ncomplete possession of the whole pro^ ince.\\n3. Gen. Braddock, soon after, with 2,2@0\\nBritish and provincial troops mai ched for Fort\\ndu Quesne.* The impetuosity of his temper\\nled him to disregard the advice of his officers\\nhe entered the woods without reconnoitering\\nthe enemy; by w^hich means he fell into an\\nambuscade of four hundred, chiefly Indians, by\\nwhom he was defeated and mortally wounded.-\\nThe regulars! were thrown into the greatest\\nconsternation, and fled in the utmost confusion.\\nThe militia, being accustomed to Indian fight-\\ning, were not terrified to such a degree. The\\ngeneral had disdainfully turned them into the\\nrear, where they continued in a body unbroken,\\nand under the conduct of Col. Washington, then.\\nhis aid-de-camp, served as a most useful rear\\nguard, covered the reti eat of the British troops,\\nand prevented their being entirely destroyed. J\\n4. At the commencement of the following 175C\\nyear, Lord Loudon was appointed to command\\nM2\\nAt the junction of Alleghany river with the Monongahela.\\nt The British disciplined troops.\\n:j: Entick s General History of the French War, vol. j. p. 143\\nand Marshal s Life of Washington, vol. i. p. 592", "height": "3253", "width": "1850", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130 History of Neiv -England,\\nhis majesty s forces in North America and a\\ndispute, between the British and American offi-\\ncers respecting their rank in the army, retarded\\nthe mihtary operations. In the mean time, the\\nMarquis de Montcahii, the French general, by\\nthe energy of his motions, gained great advan-\\ntages. The French arms were also in various\\ninstances crowned with success in the subse-\\nquent year in the close of which the affairs of\\nGreat-Britain, in North America, w^ere in a more\\n1758 gloomy situation, than at any former period.\\n5. At this time the American affairs bescan\\nto assume a brighter aspect. The great Mr.\\nPitt, afterwards earl of Chatham, was placed at\\nthe head of the British ministry. His adminis-\\ntration united all parties, and restored such or-\\nder, unanimity, and decision to the public coun*\\ncils, that the force of the empire was directed\\nwith success in every quarter of the globe.\\n6. The reduction of Louisbourg, w^hich had\\nbeen restored to the French by the treaty .of\\nAix la Chapelle, was undertaken with enthusi-\\nasm and zeal and the spirited exertions of the\\nsea and land forces tmder admiral Boscawen and\\ngeneral Amherst w^ere successful. Five ships\\nof the line were taken, and the garrison, finding\\nit impossible to support an assault, surrendered\\nby capitulation.\\n7. In the mean time the conquest of Fort\\ndu Quesne, served to relieve the colonies from\\nthe savage depredations of the Indians, whilst it\\ninterrupted the correspondence through a chain\\nof forts, with which the French had environed\\nx\\\\\\\\ i English settlements in AKierica* Fronte-", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- England, 151\\nnac* also, a place of great importarxe, was sub- 17\\ndued by the English. These acquisitions o^er-\\nbalanced the check they had received at Ticon-\\nderoga, where general Abercrombie was defeat-\\ned with great slaughter.\\n8. In consequence of the vigorous exertions,\\nwhich were made by the English at the opening\\nof the year 1759, Niagara, Ticonderoga, and\\nCrown Point w^ere reduced. In order to com-\\nplete their conquests nothing remained but the\\nreduction of Quebec, the capital of Canada,\\nwhich was the central point of the Biitish oper-\\nations. Admiral Saunders was appointed to\\ncommand the naval part of the expedition. The\\nsiege by land was committed to general Wolfe,\\na young officer of distinguished reputation, w^ho,\\nw^ithout being indebted to family or connections,\\nhad raised himself by merit to his present com-\\nmand. He was generous, affable, and humane,\\nand added the amiable virtues to his military\\ngreatness. t\\n9. This enterprize was attended Vv ith a com-\\nbination of formidable difficulties. Gen. Wolfe\\nwas opposed by far superiour force, under the\\nmarquis de Montcalm, the most brave and suc-\\ncessful general the French possessed. Though\\nthe situation of the country, which Wolfe was\\nto attack, and the works which the French erect-\\ned, to prevent the descent of the English, were\\ndeemed impregnable yet Montcalm never re-\\nlaxed in his vigilance. The city of Quebec\\nwas strongly fortified, secured by a numerous\\ngarrison, and plentifully supplied with provisions\\nand ammunition.\\nAt the outlet of Lak\u00c2\u00ab Ontario, f Goldimith s Hist, Englaai.\\n*i fi^", "height": "3245", "width": "1924", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132 History of New-England,\\n1759 10. General Vv^olfe, in concert with adminil\\nSaunders Ibrmed a plan for landing the troops\\non the northern bank of the river above tlie city\\nand attempted, by scaling the heights, hitherto\\ndeemed inaccessible, to gain possession of the\\nground at the back of the town, where it was\\nbut sli2:htlv fortified. The admiral, in order to\\ndeceive the enemy, moved up the river several\\nleagues, beyond the spot, fixed upon for the\\nlanding but during the night he fell down with\\nthe stream, in order to protect the disembark\\nment of the troops, which was accomplished in\\nsecrecy and silence.\\n11. The precipice now remained to be as-\\ncended and ith infinite labour and difficidty,\\nthe troops sustaining themseh^s by the merged\\nprojections of the rock, and the branches of the\\ntrees and plants, which sprang from innumera-\\nble clefts into which it was tvtvy ^vhere broken,\\nthey at last attained the sum mi c, and immedi-\\nately formed in order of battle.^\\n12. The Marquis de Montcalm, when ap-\\nprized that the enemy was in actual possession\\nof the heights of Abraham, abandoned his strong\\ncamp at Montmorency, and advanced to the\\nattack of the English army with great intrepid-\\nity. A very warm engagement ensued and\\ngeneral Wolfe, who stood conspicuous in the\\nfront of the line, received a shot in the wrist\\nWTapping a handkerchief around it, he seemed\\nnot to notice the wound, but continued giving\\norders without the least emotion. But advan-\\ncing at the head of the grenadiers, another ball\\nBelsham s Memoirs of the Kings of Great-Britain, vol. ii\\npage 2r8.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "History of Kcxv-Eji gland, 133\\npierced his breast, and compelled him to retire 1759\\nto a spot, a little distant from the field of action,\\nwhere he expressed the most eager anxiety to\\nlearn the fate of the battle. After an interval of\\nsuspence, he was told that the enemy were visi-\\nbly broken, and reclining his head on the arm of\\nan officer, who stood near him, he was in a short\\ntime, aroused with the distant sound of they\\nfiy Who fly exclaimed the dying hero.\\nOn being told the French, then, said he,\\nI die content and almost immediately ex-\\npired in the arms of victory.\\n13. The same love of glory, and fearless-\\nness of death, which in so remarkable a manner\\ndistinguished the British hero, were not less con-\\nspicuous in the conduct of the Marquis de Mont^\\ncalm, his competitor for victory and for fame.\\nHe expressed the highest satisfaction in hearing\\nthat his wound was mortal and when told that\\nhe could survive only a few hours, quickly re-\\nplied, so much the better, I shall not then\\nlive to see the surrender of Quebec.\\n14. Brigadier general Monckton, the second\\nEnglish officer was dangerously wounded and\\nthe chief command devolved upon general\\nTownsend, who completed the defeat of the\\nFrench. This important victory was gained at\\nthe expense of between five and six hundred\\nmen. Quebec surrendered by capitulation to\\nthe English, after a severe campaign of three\\nmonths. The following year the whole prov-\\nince of Canada was reduced by the prudence\\nand activity of general Amherst, and has siuce\\nremained annexed to the British empire.\\nWashington s Life.", "height": "3245", "width": "1902", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134 Historij of New -England,\\n15. The same success attended the British\\narms in the West- ladies. In the \\\\.\\\\\\\\o following\\nyears the islands Martinico, St. Vincent, and\\nHiivannah were subdued, and in 1763 a defini-\\ntive treaty of peace was settled between Great-\\nBritain, France, and Spain. By this treaty the\\nEnsflish ceded to the French several islands,\\nwhich had been taken from them in the West-\\nIndies. Yet the whole continent of North Amer-\\nica was left in possession of the British.\\n16. During the war the colonies furnished\\n23,800 men to co-operate with the British reg-\\nular forces in North America. Many of the\\np rivates who gained such laurels, by their sin-\\ngular bravery, on the plains of x\\\\braham, when\\nWolfe died in the arms of victory, were na-\\ntives of Massachusetts. When Martinico was\\nattacked in 1761, and the British force was\\ngreatly weakened by sickness and death, the\\ntimely arrival of the New- England troops, ena-\\nbled t|ie former to prosecute the reduction of\\nthat island with success. They also arrived at\\nthe Havannah at a critical period, and by their\\njunction with the British, facilitated the con-\\nquest of that place. Their fidelity, activity, and\\ncourage were such, as to gain the approbation\\nand confidence of the British officers.*\\n17. At this period the arms of Great-Brit-\\nain had recently been successful in every part\\nof the globe. Power however like all things\\nhuman has its limits and there is an elevated\\npoint of grandeur which seems to indicate a des-\\ncent. The kingdoms of Europe looked with\\na jealous eye upon Britain, after the acquisition\\ni^ordon s History of the American War.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- En gland 135\\not sucn immense power and territory. A tide\\nof prosperity has a similar effect upon nations,\\nas upon individuals. Hence the haughtiness of\\nBritain was heightened by her late conquests,\\nwhilst the high ideas of liberty and independ-\\nence, which were nurtured in the colonies by\\ntheir local situation, and the state of society in\\nthe new world, were increased bv the removal\\nof hostile neighbours. Both countries thus pre-\\npared, the seeds of discord were soon sown be-\\ntween the parent state and the colonies, which\\nspeedily sprang up to the rending of the empire,\\nand the reducing of the power and grandeur\\nof the British nation.\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\n1764\u00e2\u0080\u00941774.\\nOf the Seminary of Learning at Providence in\\nJihode- Island. Of Dartmouth College. OJ\\nthe Controversy between Great-Britain and\\nthe Colonies. Spirited Opposition to the Stamp\\nAct. It is repealed. New Flan of raising a\\nRevenue in America. Arrival of the British\\ntroops. Massacre of the fifth of March. The\\nTea throxvn into the Sea, at Boston. Arbi-\\ntrary Proceedings of the British Parliament\\nSpirited Behaviour of the People of Massa-\\nchusetts. The contniental Congress meet at\\nPhiladelphia. Of their proceedings. The\\nNew-England Colo?iies prepare for War.\\n1 After the establishment of peace the\\nAmerican colonies increased in knowledge, as", "height": "3245", "width": "1902", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "156 Wstory of J^ew- England.\\n1764 ^s opuience and population. This year\\na college was established in Rhode- Island, and\\nincorporated by a charter from the legislative\\nassembly of that colony. This institution was\\nfirst founded at Warren, and there in 1769, the\\nfirst commencement was holden. The college\\nwas removed to its present situation in 1770,\\nwhere a larg-e and elegant building in an elevated\\nsituation, had been erected for its accommoda-\\ntion, by the generous donations of individuals,\\nchiefly of the town of Providence. The college\\ncharter ordains that the President must be a Bap-\\ntist, but professors and other officers of instruc-\\ntion, are not limited to any denomination of\\nChristians.*\\n2. The inhabitants of New- Hampshire, like\\nthose of the other New- England settlements,\\nv^ere distinguished for their attention to the pro-\\nmotion of literature. In 1769 a seminary of\\nlearning \\\\^^as established at Hanover, in that prov-\\nince, and received a royal charter. Dr. Eleazer\\nWheelock of Lebanon, in Connecticut, was its\\nprincipal founder and first president. His orig-\\ninal design was to promote science among the\\nIndian youth. The friends of religion and hu-\\nmanity assisted his benevolent e:certions by their\\nnumerous presents. It was named Dartmouth\\ncollege in honour of the earl of Dartmouth, one\\nof its most liberal benefactors. In 1771, a com-\\nmencement was first held in this place.\\n3. Previously to the establishment of the\\nabovementioned seminaiy of learning, Great-\\nBritain, elated by her recent prosperity had al-\\nready formed and proposed a plan, which tended\\nSe\u00c2\u00ab Holme s American Annals, vol. ii. p. 291.", "height": "3244", "width": "1840", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "History of New -England. 137\\nto subvert the privileges of the colonies and\\nthey, animated with an ardent love of liberty,\\nhad already exhibited a determined spirit of re-\\nsistance.\\n4. Mr. Bernard, a man of arbitrary princi-\\nples, was appointed to succeed Mr. Pownall\\nin the government of Massachusetts and the ter-\\nmination of the French war, which involved the\\nBritish nation in a debt to a very great amount,\\nwas selected as a proper time to introduce the\\nproject of taxing the colonies by act of parliament.\\nThe Massachusetts agent having given intelli-\\ngence of this intention, the house of representa-\\ntives asserted in the most explicit terms that the\\nsole right of granting the money of the people of\\nthe province was vested in them and that the\\npower claimed by the parent country of impos-\\ning duties upon a people, who are not repre-\\nsented in the house of commons, was iiTCcon-\\ncilable with their privileges. f\\n5. Great-Britain, on the other hand, contend-\\ned that her parliament was invested with author-\\nity to levy taxes on any part of the royal domin-\\nions, and at length, Mr. Grenville brought into 1755\\nthe house of commons his celebrated act for im-\\nposing stamp duties in America. After an\\nanimated debate die bill passed both houses, and\\nreceived the royal assent.\\n6. This act roused all the energy of the col-\\nonies, and they made the most spirited exertions\\nto resist the encroachments of the British minis-\\nN\\nThis gentleman succeeded Mr. Shirley and was appointed\\ngovernour in 176^, he was a friend to liberty and opposed to the\\ndesign which was early formed of taxing- the coloniefl.\\nt Gordon, vol. i. p. 148.", "height": "3236", "width": "1866", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "138 History of A^ew-Ejigland.\\n1765 try. They entered into an association against\\nimporting British manufactures, till the stamp\\nact should be repealed. A continental congress,\\ncomposed of deputies from nine of the provinces\\nmet at New- York, and asserted in energetic\\nterms, their exemption from all taxes not impos-\\ned by their own representatives. The day on\\nwhich the operation of the act was to commence,\\nwas ushered in, both in Boston and Portsmouth,\\nby a funeral tolling of the bells. The people\\nresolved to risk all consequences rather than use\\nthe paper required by law, and used such a va-\\nriety of legal and illegal methods to emancipate\\nthemselves from this encroachment upon their\\nliberty, that nothing but a repeal of the^ stamp\\nact could prevent the immediate commencement\\nof a civil war.*\\n1766 7. After much debating, and two protests\\nin the house of lords, and passing an act called\\nthe declaratory act, for securing the dependence\\nof America on the parent country, the stamp\\nact was repealed, on the 1 8th of March, 1766.\\nThis event occasioned great satisfaction in Lon-\\ndon and the intelligence was received in ifVmer-\\nica with the most lively emotions of joy.\\n8. As the stamp act was not repealed upon\\nAmerican principles, in June, 1767, a bill had\\nbeen decided on in the cabinet for imposing\\nduties on glass, paper, painter s colours, and\\ntea, imported into the colonies from Great-Brit-\\nain. In order to manage the revenue collected\\nby these duties, a board of commissioners was\\n1768 placed in Boston. This measure excited such\\nRamsay^ vol i. p. 71.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "ITistory of New -England, 139\\na violent ferment among the inhabitants of that\\ntown, that two regiments of British troops, and\\nsome armed vessels were ordered thither to\\nsupport and assist the commissioners.\\n9. The province of Massachusetts continu-\\ned with unshaken firmness to defend its privi-\\nleges, and its example was followed by the other\\ncolonies. Among other methods which M^ere\\nused to procure a repeal of these duties, they\\nentered into a non- importation agreement. This\\nmeasure distressed the manufacturers in Great-\\nBritain, and at length the ministry were induced\\nto repeal all the duties, except that of three pence\\nper pound on tea.*\\n10. The stationing of a military force in\\nMassachusetts produced an event, which threat-\\nened effects the most extensively serious. On\\nthe second of March an affray took place between\\na private soldier and an inhabitant of Boston\\nand at length several on both sides were involv-\\ned in the quarrel. On the fifth of March a more\\ndreadful scene ensued. The king s troops fired\\nupon the men who were collected to insult them\\nkilled four, and wounded several others, f\\n11. This event excited such violent com-\\nmotions in the town of Boston, that nothing but\\nan immediate engagement to remove the troops,\\ntogether with the advice of moderate men, pre-\\nvented the inhabitants from attacking the sol-\\ndiers. The killed ere buried in one vault, in\\nthe most respectful manner. Captain Preston,\\nwho commanded this party of soldiers, vras\\ncommitted to prison, and afterwards tried yet\\nRamsay. Marshall s Life of Washin^on.", "height": "3232", "width": "1907", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140 History of New- England,\\nas it appeared that the British soldiers were\\nthreatened, abused, and insulted before they\\nfired, the captain and five of his men were ac-\\nquitted two only being found guilty of man-\\nslaughter. The result of this verdict reflected\\ngreat honour on John Adams and Josiah Quin-\\ncy, esq rs. the prisoners counsel gentlemen\\nwho had invariably shown the warmest zeal,\\nand exerted the most splendid talents, in the\\ncause of freedom and also on the integrity of\\nthe jury, who ventured to give an upright ver-\\ndict in defiance of popular opinions.*\\n2Y71 12. The inhabitants of Massachusetts were\\nalso highly irritated by the provision, which was\\nmade in Britain for paying the salaries of the\\ngovernour and judges by the crown, and thus\\nrendering them independent of the people.\\n13. At the period when the duties on the\\nother articles were repealed, the only reason as-\\nsigned by the British minister for retaining that\\non tea, was to support the parliament s right of\\ntaxation. The Americans therefore in denying\\ntheir right, discontinued the importation of that\\ncommodity. To compel them to submission\\nthis article was sent into all the colonies, attend-\\ned with the duty. In order to prevent the lib-\\nerties of a great country from being sacrificed\\nby inconsiderate purchasers, whole cargoes of\\ntea were returned from New- York and Phila-\\ndelphia, and that which was sent to Charleston\\nwas landed and stored, but not offered for sale.f\\n1773 14. As from a combination of circum-\\nstances, the return of the tea from Boston was\\nRamsay, vol. i. p. 91. t Ibid. p. 99.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "History of JVew-Enghmd* 141\\nrendered impossible, die province of Massachu-\\nsetts ventured upon a more desjKrate remedy.\\nSeventeen persons, dressed as Indians, broke\\nopen 242 chests of the tea, and without doing\\nany other damage, discharged their contents\\ninto the ocean.\\n15. Upon receiving intelligence of these\\nproceedings the British parliament were transr\\nported with indignation against the people of\\nBoston, and in order to revenge the opposition\\nwhich they had exhibited against their author-\\nity, passed an act, called the Boston port-bill,\\nby which the port of that town was legally pre-\\ncluded from the privilege of landing and dis-\\ncharging, or of lading and shipping goods,\\nwares, and merchandize. Other oppressive\\nbills were soon after passed, in order to punish\\nthe inhabitants of Boston, and deprive the col-\\nonists of their privileges, w^hich measures served\\nhowever to cement their union, and sti^engthen\\ntheir resolutions to resist the arbitrary imposi-\\ntions of the parent slate.\\n16. Whilst the comlDination of the other\\ncolonies to support Boston was gaining strength,\\nnew matters of dissention daily arose in Massa-\\nchusetts. The resolution of shutting the poit\\nof Boston was no sooner taken, than it w^as de-\\ntermined to order a military force to that town.\\nGeneral Gage, the commander in chief of the\\nroyal forces in North- America, was also sent\\nwith the additional capacity of governour of\\nMassachusetts. Soon after his arrival, two\\nregiments w^ere landed in Boston. These\\ntroops were by degrees reinforced with others\\nfrom Ireland, New- York, Halifax, and Quebec*\\nN2", "height": "3240", "width": "1893", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142 History of Neiv -England,\\n17. Four of the new counsellors who had\\nbeen appointed by Mandamus, in pursuance of\\nan act for altering the government of Massa-\\nchusetts Bay, declined. Of those who accept-\\ned several were obliged to resign. The judges\\nof the superior court who had accepted of sal-\\naries from the British government, by virtue of\\nthe act above alluded to, were interrupted in the\\ndischarge of their official duty. The counsel-\\nlors, who had accepted their appointments, the\\ncommissioners of customs, and all who had\\ntaken an active part in favour of Great-Britain\\nwere obliged to screen themselves in Boston.\\n18. At this period the provincial congress\\nof Massachusetts, which was composed of del-\\negates from all parts of the province, exercised\\nall the semblance of government, which existed\\nin die province. Under the simple style of\\nrecommendations, they organized the militia,\\nmade ordinances respecting public monies, and\\nsuch farther regulations as were necessary for\\npreserving order, and defending themselves\\nag-ainst the British troops.\\n19. Soon after the intelligence of the Boston\\nport-bill reached America, the deputies of the\\ncolonies convened at Philadelphia, and passed\\nseveral spirited resolutions, approving the op-\\nposition of the inhabitants of Massachusetts to\\nthe arbitrary proceedings of the British ministry,\\nand declaring their determination to support\\nthem. They drew up a declaration of their\\nrights, which they asserted were infringed by\\nthe British parliament in claiming a power of\\ntaxing the colonies without their consent. They\\nalso entered into an association, by which they", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "History of Neto -England, 143\\nbound themselves and their constituents to dis- 1774\\ncontinue the importation of British goods till\\nthese obnoxious acts should be repealed. Con-\\ngress next framed a bold and spirited remon-\\nstrance to the king, soliciting a redress of griev-\\nances an address to the English nation one\\nto the colonies, and one to the French inhabi-\\ntants of Canada. These papers were executed\\nwith uncommon energy and address.\\n20. After the congressional proceedings\\nreached Great-Britain, several other oppressive\\nacts were passed against the colonies and as\\nmatters had proceeded so far as to preclude all\\nhopes of reconciliation, the New-England col-\\nonies were assiduous in preparing for war.\\n21. In order to account for that ardent love\\nof liberty which stimulated the New-England\\ncolonies to resist the arbitrary encroachments\\nof the parent state, let it be remembered, that\\nthis country was first settled by those, who had\\ngroaned under the yoke of oppression and reli-\\ngious persecution in their native country. The\\ntyranny of the British government, which com-\\npelled them to seek an asylum in the new world,\\nimpressed their minds wath high ideas of their\\ncivil, and religious liberties, and the care they\\ntook to preserve them inviolate, was evinced\\nby their early policy and establishments.\\n22. As their charters gave them the power\\nof choosing their own officers, these ideas were\\nconfirmed and heightened by the habits of act-\\ning as freemen. Whenever they conceived\\ntheir liberties in danger, we find traits of the\\nsame spirit which severed them from Britain.\\nThis habit of resisting every encroachment ift", "height": "3236", "width": "1915", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144 History of Ncxv -England.\\nits infancy, invigorated their minds, and pre-\\npared them for greater exertions, when the ty-\\nranny of Britain attempted to subjugate them\\nby farther innovations.\\n23. The sagacity of the Americans is also\\ngreatly to be admired. It has been justly ob-\\nserved, that the annals of other nations have pro-\\nduced instances of successful struggles against\\na yoke previously imposed but the records of\\nhistory do not furnish an example of a people,\\nwhose penetration had anticipated the operations\\nof tyranny and whose spirit had disdained to\\nsuffer an infringement upon their liberties.\\n24. The long period which elapsed between\\nthe stamp act, and the commencement of hos-\\ntilities, called forth the most distinguished abil-\\nities, and developed characters, which will be\\nremembered with immortal honour in the annals\\nof America, f The writings of these eminent\\nmen diffused knowledge among the great body\\nof the people, and they became well acquainted\\nwith the grounds of the dispute betw^een Britain\\nand the colonies. The flame of liberty which\\nwas first kindled in New- England enlightened\\nthe continent and to the early exertions of this\\npart of the country the other colonies in a great\\nmeasure owe their liberty and independence.\\nThe force of public opinion, the energy of\\nAmerican counsels, and their success in arms,\\nSee John Q. Adams Oration, July 4, 1793, page 10.\\nf James Otis, esq. of Boston, held a distinguished rank\\namong the early defenders of American freedom. He was\\neminent for his abilities, learning, independence of character,\\nand energy of mind. In 1765, he published an essay, entitled,\\nRights of the British Colonies, asserted and proved. Seer\\nMrs. Warren s History of th\u00c2\u00ab American War, vol. i.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "History of New -En gland, 145\\ncaused one of the most extraordinary revolu-\\ntions in history, replete with tlie most important\\nconsequences to mankind.\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\n1774\u00e2\u0080\u00941775.\\nThe Commencement of Hostilities at Lexington^\\nBoston invested by a provincial Army, Pub-\\nlic Fast. Ticonderoga and Crown Poifit\\ntaken. Reinforcements arrive from Great\\nBritain. Bunker -Hill Battle, The conti-\\nnental Congress orgajiize a regular Army, and\\nappoint General Washington commander tn\\nchief, Falmouth burnt by the British, The\\nCanada Expedition, The Colonies of Fir-\\nginia. North and South Carolina expel their\\nGovernours.\\n1. A HE important era at len^h arrived,\\nin which the Americans had no alternative,\\nbut to submit to the impositions of arbitrary\\npower, or refer their cause to the decision of\\narms.\\n2. General Gage, being informed that the\\nprovincials had deposited military stores at\\nWorcester and Concord, sent a number of Brit-\\nish troops to destroy them. This detachment\\nmet a company of militia, which was assembled\\nat Lexington, to oppose their design. Major\\nPitcairn, the British officer who led the advanced\\ncorps, commanded them to disperse, and upon\\ntheir still continuing in a body, discharged lais", "height": "3240", "width": "1893", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146 Hist or y of New -England,\\n1775 pistol, and ordered his soldiers to fire. A skir\\nmish ensued, and several of the militia were\\nkilled. The regulars proceeded to Concord\\nand destroyed the stores. On their return they\\nwere attacked and terribly harrassed by a large\\nbody of the provincials, who fired from behind\\nfences and walls.*\\n3. At Lexington the British were joined by\\na detachment of 900 men, under lord Percy,\\nwho had been sent out by general Gage, to\\nsupport lieutenant colonel Smith. This rein-\\nforcement, having two pieces of cannon, awed\\nthe provincials, and kept them at a greater dis-\\ntance but they continued a constant though\\nirregular and scattering fire, which did great\\nexecution. At length, the royal detachment\\nreached Bunker s Hill, worn down with exces-\\nsive fatigue, having travelled that day between\\nthirty and forty miles. The next day they\\nreached Boston. The British had 65 killed,\\n180 wounded, and 48 made prisoners. The\\nAmericans had 50 killed, and 38 wounded and\\nmissing.\\n1775 4. To prevent the people in Boston from\\njoining their countrymen, general Gage agreed\\nto permit the inhabitants to remove with their\\nfamilies and effects, if thev would deliver their\\narms. A large number complied with this\\ncondition, and the agreement was at first punc-\\ntually observed. But in a short time he treach-\\nerously detained many, suspecting that if the\\nenemies of the British government were all\\nsafely removed, the town would be set on fire.\\nRamsay, vol. i. p. 18r.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- England. 147\\n5. The provincial congress of Massachu- 1775\\nsetts, which was in session at the time of Lex-\\nington battle, voted that an army of 30,000 men\\nshould immediately be raised, and that 13,600\\nshould be of their own province; and that a\\nletter and delegates should be sent to the other\\nNew- England colonies. In consequence of this\\nBoston was invested by an army of 20,000 men\\nand the command of this force was given to\\ngeneral Ward. They were soon after joined\\nby a large body of Connecticut troops, under\\nthe command of general Putnam, a brave and\\nexperienced officer. The continental congress\\nalso recommended a general fast to be observed\\non the 20th of July through all the colonies.*\\n6. As the necessity of securing Ticonderoga\\nwas early attended to by many in New- England,\\nColonel Arnold w as sent from Connecticut to\\nengage the people on the Nev/- Hampshire grants\\nin this expedition and being joined by colonel\\nEthen Allen of Bennington, v/ho raised a body\\nof troops for this purpose, they surprised the\\ngarrison of Ticonderoga, and took it, with its\\nmilitary stores, without the loss of a single man.\\nCrown Point was taken the same day by colonel\\nSeth Warner. By this expedition the Ameri-\\ncans obtained the command of Lake Champlaii?,\\nwhich secured them a passage into Canada, f\\n7. On the 25th of May, three distinguished\\nBritish generals, Howe, Burgoyne, and Clinton,\\nwith a great part of the troops which were or-\\ndered from Great-Britain, arrived in Boston.\\nAfter general Gage was thus reinforced, he is-\\nsued a proclamation, declaring the province of\\nRamsay. f Gordon, vol. ii. page 19.", "height": "3240", "width": "1893", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148 History of New, England,\\ni775 Massj!chusetts to be in a state of rebellion and\\noffering pardon to all, except Samuel Adams\\nand John Hancock, provided they would imme-\\ndiately lay down their arms, and return to their\\nrespective occupations.\\n8. The Americans supposing this proclama-\\ntion to be a prelude for hostilities, prepared for\\naction. On the 16th of June a detachment of\\n1000 American troops took possession of Breed s\\nHill, and laboured during the night with such\\ndiligence, that by the daw^n of day they had\\nthrown up a redoubt, about eight rods square.\\nThe British, at day-light began a heavy firing\\nfrom their ships, and from their fortification at\\nCopp s Hill, and an incessant shower of shot\\nand bombs was poured upon the American\\nworks yet but one man was killed.\\n9. About noon, 3,000 British troops, the\\nflower of the army, were sent to dislodge them\\nfrom this post. They advanced deliberately,\\nthat their artillery might demolish the new raised\\nworks. The Americans reserved their fire till\\nthe near approach of their enemies, and then\\nbegan such a furious and incessant discharge of\\nsmall arms, that the royal troops retreated with\\nprecipitation. The officers rallied and pushed\\ntiiem forward with their swords, but they were\\na second time obliged to retreat.\\n10. The officei s, animated with a high sense\\nof British honour, being determined to carry\\ntheir point in spite of all opposition, redoubled\\ntheir exertions, and general Clinton arrived and\\njoined them at this critical moment. Their\\nunited and strenuous efforts succeeded in re-\\nnewing the attack and, as the powder of the", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "History of New -England, 14f\\nAmericans began to fail, the British at \u00e2\u0080\u00a2length 1775\\ncompelled them to abandon their post.\\n11.- During the bloody conflict, general\\nGasre ordered Charlestoi^n to be set on fire, and\\nnearly four hundred houses, mcludingfive pub-\\nlic buildings, wer\u00e2\u0082\u00ac destroyed. But though\\nthis town was a place of great trade, this loss\\ndid not discourage the Americans, who were\\nindiflerent to property, when put in competition\\nwith liberty.\\n12. Fifteen hundred Americans were en-\\ngaged in this action, 77 were killed, and 278\\nw^ounded and missing. The death of the brave\\nand accomplished general Warren, who fouglit\\nas a volunteer, was particularly lamented. The\\nroyal army lost 1054 nineteen commissioned\\nofiicers were killed, and 70 more w^ere wound-\\ned. The battle of Quebec in 1759, which gave\\nGreat-Britain the possession of Canada, was\\nnot so destructive to her officers as tiiis attack\\nof a slight inti enchment, the work of a few\\nhours onlv.*\\n13; The Americans Fea^-ed that the British\\nti oops would push the advantage they had gain-\\ned, and march immediately to the head quar-\\nters at Cambridge, which were in no state of\\ndefence. But they advanced no farther than\\nBunker s hill, where they threw up works for\\ntheir own security. The provincials did the\\nsame on Prospect hill, in front of them, about\\nhalf way to Cambridge.\\n14. The spirit displayed by the troops dur-\\ning this battle encouraged the second continea-\\nO\\nGordon, vol. ii. p. 4f", "height": "3227", "width": "1920", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "fSO History -of J\\\\e\\\\v- England,\\n1775 tal congress, convened at Philadelphia, after a\\nmilitary opposition to Great-Britain w:ts resolved\\nupon, to proceed ith alacrity in their prepara-\\ntion to carry on the war. George Washington,\\nesq. a native of Virginia, was by a unanimous\\nvote appointed commander in chief. He united\\n\u00c2\u00abvery quality necessary to render hhn eminent\\nin this exalted station. On the second of July\\nhe arrived at Cambridge, where he was joyful-\\nly received, and took command of the country\\nmilitia who invested the town of Boston.-^\\n15. The Massachusetts assembly and conti-\\nnental congress both resolved to fit out armed\\nvessels to cruise upon the American coast, and\\nto intercept warlike stores and supplies. But\\npreviously to their making any captures, Fal-\\nmouth, now Portland, was burnt by captain\\nMowat, by the orders of the British admiral at\\nBoston. The first naval attempt of tlie Ameri^\\ncans Vv^as crowned with success. Captain Man-\\nly, in a continental cruiser, captured a British\\nvessel loaded with military stores.\\n16. The chief command of the American\\ncampaigns in the northern depaitment was given\\nto major-general Montgomery, who soon took\\nSt. Johns, and Montreal. In September a de-\\ntachment from Cambridge, under the command\\nof colonel Arnold, was ordered to penetrate in-\\nto Canada, by the way of the Kennebec. Af-\\nter enduring incredible fatigue, aiid suffering\\nwith sickness and famine, part of this detach-\\nment joined general Montgomery, and com-\\nmenced the siege of Quebec. The general at\\nlength determined to storm the town, and hav-\\nRfwusay.", "height": "3226", "width": "1881", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "History of New -England. 151\\ning passed the first barrier, he advanced boldly 1775\\nto attack a second which was much stronger\\nwhen a well directed fire from the enemy put\\nan end to the life of this enterprizing officer.\\nMost of his other officers shared the same fate,\\nand colonel Campbell, on whom the command\\ndevolved, thought proper to order a retreat.\\n17. In the mean time colonel Arnold, at the\\nhead of 350 men, passed to attack St. Rogues,\\nand received a 0und which disabled him. Af-\\nter sustaining th.e whole force of the garrison\\nfor three hours, his party w^ere obliged to yield\\nto superior force. Large numbers of the Amer-\\nicans w^ere made prisoners.. Sir Guy Carlton,\\ntlie British commander, endeavoured to allevi-\\nate the distressed situation of the sick and\\nwounded among them by the most humane and\\ngenerous conduct.-*\\n18. Alter the failure of this expedition a\\nseries of misfortunes for some time attended\\nthe American operations in the north and the\\nBritish gained possession of most of the places\\nthat had been taken from them.f\\n19. Whilst the flame of contention raged in\\nthe north, the royal governours in Virginia,\\nNorth and South Carolina were expelled, and\\nobliged to take refuge on board men of wan\\nAt the close of this year Great-Britain beheld\\nall the colonies united against her in the most\\ndetermined opposition.\\n20. Dr. Ramsay observes, that *^as arms\\nwere to decide the controversy, it was fortunate\\nfor the Americans that the first blood was dra^\\\\Ti\\nRamsay, vol. i. p. 242.\\nt Historical Joiirnal of the American War.", "height": "3227", "width": "1920", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152 History of New -England.\\n1775 in New-England. The Inhabitants of that conn-\\ntry are so connected with each other by descent,\\nmanners, religion, politics, and a general equal-\\nity, that the killing of an individual interested\\nthe whole, and made them consider it as a com-\\npion cause.\\n2 1 The undaunted courage which the New-\\nEngland militia exhibited at Lexington, Concord,\\nand Breed s hill, affords a convincing proof how\\nmuch may be done by men inspired with an\\nenthusiasm for liberty, without the aid of military\\ndiscipline. The dispute between Britain and her\\ncolonies had long been a popular subject. The\\nprevailing ideas at that time were a detestation\\nof arbitrary powder, and a determined resolution\\nto resist, even with the sword. The people in\\ngeneral, were well informed respecting the causes\\nof the contest, and they had been highly irritated\\nby repeated encroachments upon their privileges.\\nWhilst their minds v/ere wrought to this high\\npitch, those who had never seen a battle, pre-\\nviously to this period, dared to encounter the\\nTvell disciplined forces of the British nation.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "History of Nexv- England, 153\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\n1775\u00e2\u0080\u0094 177V.\\nBoston evacnatecL The British are repulsed at\\nCharlestown, American Independence de-\\nclared* Battle at Long -Island, The Ameri-\\ncans retreat to Ne^v-York, Capt. Hale sent\\nas a Spy to Long-Island^ and executed by the\\nBritish, Rhode-Island taken. The desperate\\nSituation of American Affairs, Battles of\\nTrenton and Princeton, Battle of Brandy-\\nivine, Pldladelphia taken. Battle of Ger-\\nmantown General Burgoyne appointed Com-\\nmander in the northern Department, Ticon-\\nderoga abandoned. Battle at Bennington,.\\nGeneral Burgoyne s Army are surrounded on,\\nall sides, and surrender,\\n1. J3URING this period, the British\\ntroops were blockaded in Boston, and reduced\\nto great distress for want of provisions and fuel.\\nGeneral Washington proposed a qifestion to the\\ncouncil of war on the 1.6th of February, wheth-\\ner Cambridge and Roxbury bays being frozen\\nover, a general assault should not be made on\\nBoston. A negative being given to this ques-\\ntion, the army determined to possess themselves\\nof Dorchester heights, and in order to conceal\\ntheir design, and divert the attention of the gar-\\nrison, a very heavy savice of cannon and mor-\\ntars began to play upon the town from other\\ndirections, and was continued for three days.\\n2. On the night of the fourth of Maixh, 1776\\n1200 men were employed in erecting works on\\nDorchester heights, and in the mornhig had\\n02", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154 History if New -England..\\n1 776 completed lines of defence which astonished tlis\\ngarrison at Boston. The ftdmiral informed\\ngeneral Howe, that if the Americans kept pos-\\nsession of these heights, he should not be able\\nto keep one of his majesty s ships in the harbour.\\nIt was therefore determined in a council of war\\nto dislodge them. But the expected engage-\\nment being prevented by a violent storm, the\\nroyal army, accompanied by the tories,* on the\\n17th of March, evacuated the town. General\\nWashington and his army, immediately after\\nmarched inta Boston,, and he was recei^^ed with\\nthe gratitude and respect due to a deliverer.\\n3. In the following summer, general Clinton\\nand Sir Peter Parker were repulsed with great\\nloss at Charleston in South- Carolina, and the\\nsouthern states, for two years and a half, obtain-\\ned a respite from the calamities of vrar.\\n4. On the 4th of July of this memorable\\nyear, congress published their declaration of In-\\ndependence, which was perfectly agreeable to\\nthe republican habits and manners of New- Eng-\\nland. Tliis measure was warmly supported by\\nJohn Adams, late president of the United States,\\nwho, on that occasion, strongly urged the im-\\nmediate dissolution of all political connexion of\\nthe colonies with Great-Britain from the voice\\nof the people, from the necessity of the measure,\\nin order to obtain assistance, from a regard to\\nconsistency, and from a prospect of glory and\\nhappiness which opened beyond the war to a\\nfree and independent people. f\\n5. The most vigorous exertions were ne-\\ncessary to maintain the independence thus boldly\\nAdherente to the British. t Ranway, vol. i. p^ 340.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "History of Nexi) -England, 155\\nproclaimed. General Washington was station- I776i\\ned at New- York, and engaged in fortifying that\\ncity and the adjacent islands. General Howe\\nlanded his troops at Staten- Island, where after\\nbeing joined by lord Ho\\\\^ e, with a great arma-\\nment, they sent proposals for an accommodation\\nwith the colonies,, which they unanimously re-\\njected.!\\n6. The decision of the controversy being,\\nnow by both parties left to the sw^ord, an action\\ntook place at Long-Island, in which the Amer-\\nicans were surrounded on all sides, and totally\\ndefeated. Their number of killed, wounded,\\nand prisoners, considerably exceeded 1000 men.\\nAfter this battle, the American army left the\\nisland, and were conveyed to Ne^v-York, over\\nEast river. A thick fog, which hovered over\\nLong- Island,, concealed them from the British,\\nand enabled them to complete their retreat with-\\nout interruption.\\n7. This retreat left tjie British in complete\\npossession of Long-Island. General Washington\\nwas extremely desirous of obtaining information\\nof their situation, their strength, and future move-\\nments. For this purpose he applied to col. Kn owl-\\nton, and desired him to adopt some mode of gain-\\ning the necessaiy information. Col. Knowlton\\ncommunicated this request to capt. Nathan Hale,\\nof Connecticut, who belonged to his regiment.\\n8. This young officer, anim.ated by a sense\\nof dut}^, and ^considering that an opportunity\\npresented itself by which he might be useful to\\nhis country, at once oiFered himself as a volun-\\nteer for this hazardous service. He passed m\\nt Marshall s Life of Washington, vol iii. p. 58.", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "15G History of Nexv- England*\\n1776 disguise to Long-Island, examined every part\\nof the British army, and obtained every possible\\ninformation respecting their situation and future\\noperations,\\n9.. In his attempt to return he was appre-\\nhended, carried before Sir William Hovv-e, and\\nthe proof of his object was so clear, that he\\nfrankly acknowledged who he was,, and what\\nwere his views. The following morning he was\\nexecuted, in a most imfeeling manner. A cler-\\ngyman, ^\\\\hose attendance he desired, was re-\\niused him, and a bible for a few moments de-\\nvotion was not procured although he earnestly\\nrequested it. The letters which he wrote to his\\nfriends on the morning of his execution were\\ndestroyed, and this extraordinary reason given,\\nby the provost marshal, that the rebels should\\nnot know, that tliey had a man in their army,\\nwho could die with so much firmness.\\n10. Unknow^n to all around him, without a\\nsingle friend to offer him the least consolation,\\nthus fell as amiable, and as worthy a young man,,\\nas America could boast,, with this dying obser-\\nvation, that he only lamented that he had but;\\none life to lose for his country.\\n11, Neither the expectation of promotion,,\\nnor of pecuniary reward, induced him to the\\nattempt. A sense of duty, a hope that, in this-\\nway he might be useful to his country, and an.\\nopinion which he had adopted, that every kind\\nof service necessary to the public good became\\nhonourable by being necessary, were the great\\nCaptain Hale was born in Coventry in Connecticut, and\\neducated in Yale College, where he graduated in If^ S. \u00c2\u00bb5es\\nHohnes* Amencan Annals, vol. ii. p. Z^%", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "History of Ne-m-Enghmd. 157\\nrjiolives which induced him to engage in an en- 1775\\nterprize by which his connexions lost a most\\namiable friend, and his country one of its most\\npromising supporters.\\n12. At the close of the year 1776, the affairs\\nof the United States wore a gloomy aspect.\\nThe city of New-York as abandoned by the\\nAmericans and taken by the British. They had\\ngained possession of York Island, by taking fort\\nWashington, and fort Lee they were also suc-\\ncessful at the Jerseys. The Americans were\\nexpelled from Canada their army was contin-\\nually diminishing, and was to be dismissed at\\n^the end of the year. Notwithstanding all these\\ndisasterous events. Congress resolved to abide\\nby their declared independence they made the\\nmost strenuous efforts to rouse the colonies to.\\nvigorous exertions and proffered freedom of\\nti ade to any foreign nation, trusting the event\\nto Providence, and risking all consequences. t\\n13. During the royal successes in the Jer-\\nseys, general Clinton, with four brigades of\\nBritish and Hessian troops, and a squadron of\\nmen of wai% under Sir Peter Parker, was sent to\\nattempt the conquest of Rhode- Island. It was\\ntaken without the loss of a man, the American\\nforces being incapable of making effectual re-\\nsistance.\\n14. In this alarming crisis of affairs, general\\nWashington re-crossed the Delaware, with about\\n2,200 men, attacked a body of Hessians, who\\nwere posted in Trenton, and took 900 prisoners,\\nThe compilev of the History of New-England is indebted to\\nGen. llull, of Newton, for this interestine account of Captain\\nHale.\\nf Ramsay. Marshall s Life of Washington, vol. ii, p. 557.", "height": "3231", "width": "1848", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "158 History of A^ew-England:\\nwho, supposing it impossible for the Americans\\nunder their disadvantages, to commence offen-\\nsive operations, were in a state of perfect securi-\\n1777 15. In the beginning of the foHov\u00c2\u00bbdng year\\nhe gained another important victory at Prince-\\nton. These events filled the British with con-\\nsternation, and deranged all their plans. The\\nAmericans, animated and encouraged, soon re-\\nco\\\\^ered part of the Jerseys and the affairs of the\\nUnited States began to assume a more favoura-il\\nble aspect.\\n16. On the 24th of April a detachment of\\nroyalists under the command of governour Try-\\non of New York landed between Fairfield and\\nNorwalk. They advanced through the country\\nwithx)ut intsrruption, and when they arrived at\\nDanbury with wanton barbarity, burnt the place,\\nand destroyed a large number of valuable arti-\\ncles. A warm skirmish ensued, in which th\u00c2\u00ae\\nbrave general Wooster, a native of New Haven\\nwas mortally wounded, and his troops compell-\\ned to give way.\\n17. After the possession of Philadelphia was\\ndiscovered to be the great object of the British\\nmovements, general Washington in order to\\nprotect that c-ity hazarded an action which took\\nplace at Brandy wine creek. The Americans\\nwere overpowered, and suffei ed great loss. Af-\\nter various movements of the regular army, on\\nthe 26tk of September, gen. Howe made his\\ntriumphal entry into Philadelphia, where he was\\nmost cordially received by the royalists. t\\nRamsay vol. il, p. 4.\\nt See Mfk-rshall s Life of Washington, vol, iii, p. 144", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "History of Nerw -England, 159\\n18. On the 4th of October the two annies 1777\\nwere again engaged at Germantovvn and though\\nin the commencement of the action the Ameri-\\ncans had the advantage, the British were finally\\nvictorious. Their succeeding operations, in or-\\nder to open the navigation of the Delaware, w^ere\\ntUso crowned with success,\\n19. In the mean time the command in the\\nnorthern department was given to gen. Bur-\\ngoyne, an officer of distinguished reputation.\\nAs the four provinces of New-Englawd had o-\\nriginally begun the confederation against Britain,\\nand were the most active and zealous in the con-\\ntest, it was thought that an impression made upon\\nthem would contribute in an effectual manner to\\nthe reduction of all the rest. For this purpose\\nthe general, with mere than seven thousand w^ell-\\ndisciplined troops, aided by several tribes of\\nIndians, was determined to make an impression\\non them. The campaign opened with the siege\\nofTiconderogao\\n20. The royal army within a few days after\\ntheir arrival, had surrounded three fourtlisof the\\nAmerican works at Ticonderoga, and Mount-\\nIndependence.; and had also advanced a work\\non Sugar Hill, which, when completed Avould\\nhave invested the continental army on all sides.\\nIn this situation, gen. St. Clair resolved to eva-\\ncuate the post though he was sensible this mea-\\nsure would expose his conduct to the severest\\ncensures.\\n21. The loss of Ticonderoga and Mount-\\nIndependence spread astonishment and terror\\nthi ough the New-England states. Yet instead\\nRjunsa^ vol. u. p. 9(", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "1\u00e2\u0082\u00ac0 History of New-Eiiglcmd,\\n1777 ^f sinking undtr the apprehensions of danger,\\nthey exerted themselves with energy in recruit-\\ning their army, and, in order to clieck the prog-\\nress of their British invaders, such nurftbcrs of\\nvolunteers ^vere daily added that the people be-\\ngan to recover froin their first alarm.*\\n22. As the principal force of the American\\narmy lay in front between gen. Burgoyne and\\nAlbany, he hoped by advancing towards them,\\nto reduce them to the necessity of fighting or of\\nretreating to New- England. In the march of\\nthe British towards Albany, several actions took\\nplace l^etween them and the Americans, and the\\nregulars as well as the Indians, in their interest\\nsuffered very considerably, in these difierent\\nskirmishes. The principal action happened at\\nBennington, when gen. Stark, of New-Hamp-\\nshire, commanded the American militia. About\\n800 men, without bayonets, or a single piece of\\nartillery, attacked and routed 500 regular troops,\\nadvantageously posted behind entreanchments,\\nfurnished with the best arms, and defended with\\ntwo pieces of artillery.\\n23. Colonel Breyman with a reinfor-cement\\naiTived on the field after the action, and was de-\\nfeated bv the Americans on the same dav,\\nColonel Baum, the British commander, and\\nabout 600 men, including part of Breyman s\\nreinforcement, were made prisoners, and the\\nartillery and other arms taken by the Americans.\\n24. This victory restored spirit to the Amer-\\nican army, and occasioned dejection and dismay\\nto the British. The militia collected from all\\nparts of New- England to retard their piogress\\nRamsay, vol. ii. p. 29.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "History of New-England, 161\\nbut at length Gen. Burgoyne, after passing 1^775\\nHudson s river with his army, encamped on the\\nheights and on the plains of Saratoga. An ex-\\ntremely severe action toolc place at Stillwater.\\nBoth armies suftered considarable loss but the\\nadvantage was lecidedly with the Americans.^\\n25. From this time till near the middle of\\nOctober, skirmishes ensued between the two\\narmies, and the British were greatly reduced\\nand weakened. In the mean time miUtia and\\nvolunteers were continually arriving from New-\\nEngland, and at length Gen. Burgoyne was in-\\nvested with an army nearly three times as great\\nas his own forces. Wheir, on the 15th, he found\\nthat his troops had only a scanty subsistence for\\nthree days, and no prospect of a speedy relief,\\nhe called a council of w^ar, and by the unani-\\nmous advice of this council, he was induced to\\nopen a treaty^ with general Gates, the American\\ncommander, by which it was finally stipulated\\namong other articles, that the troops should 1777\\nmarch out of their camp with the honours of\\nwar. The number of these that surrendered\\namounted to 5752 f men; a large number of\\nmilitary stores were also taken by the Americans.\\n26. The surrender of Saratoga forms a mem-\\norable era in the American war. This event\\noccasioned great giief and dejection in Britain,\\nw^hile it animated and encouraged the Ameri-\\ncans and the celebrity of capturing a large ar-\\nmy of British and Gennan troops^ soon procur-\\ned them powerful friends in Europe.\\n27. During the three preceding years the\\nAmericans had resisted the arbitrary measures\\nMarshall s Life of Washington, vol. iii. p. 2f7\\nHoimes* Auaeiican Annids.", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "162 History of Nexv- England.\\n!1777 Britain with the sword, without the assist-\\nance of any foreign power. In the first year,\\nthey had exhibited undaunted courage in the\\nbattles of Lexington and Bunker s Hill block-\\naded the regular army in Boston expelled the\\n*royal governours,, and repelled the attempts of\\nthe British against the southern colonies. In\\nthe year 1776, animated with heroic fortitude^\\nthey renounced their allegiance to Great-Britain,\\nand declared independence. In the most gloomy\\nsituation of affairs, during this eventful period,\\nwe find the Americans, inspired with an uncon-\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2^querable spirit of liberty, persist in defending\\ntheir recently assumed independence with the\\nsword.\\n2,8. In 1777 their affairs began to wear a\\nbrighter aspect. The victory of Bennington\\npaved the way for the capture of Burgoyne s\\n.army and the capture of his arn^y was the event\\nwhich procured them foreign assistance in the\\nsubsequent year. It appears from this imper-\\nfect review^ that^ undtr heaven, the blessings\\nof liberty and independence were chiefly pur-\\nchased by the wise counsels, the undaunted\\nresolution, and the energetic exertions of tlie\\nAmericans. However, their success ought ev-\\ner ultimately to be asaribed to the good provi-\\ndence of the Lord. From the first settlement\\naio nation ^had ever experienced more extraordi-\\n\u00c2\u00abtry interpositions of Providence than Ameri-\\nca and at no period were those interpositions\\nmore singularly visible, thau during the contro-\\n^\u00c2\u00a3i sy with Britain*", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "History of JVexv-Eugland 163\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\n1778\u00e2\u0080\u00941781.\\nTreaty hctnveen France and America, British\\nCominissioners are sent to negociate a Peace.\\nTheir Terms are rejected. The Roy at Army\\nburn Part of Warren and Bristol. Phila-\\ndelphia evacuated. The Battle of Freehold\\nor Monmouth. The Americaiis make an un-\\nsuccessful Attempt to regain Rhode-Island.\\nTJie British gain Possession of Savannah*\\nGovernour Tryon^s destructive Expedition in-\\nto Connecticut. Brave Action of General\\nPutnam. General Wayne storms Stoney-\\nPoint. The Americans^ unsuccessful Attempt\\nagainst a Post in Penobscot. Charleston be-\\nsieged and surrendered to the British. Battle\\nof Camden. The Academy of Arts and\\nSciences instituted in Massachusetts. Gene-\\nral Arnold agrees to deliver West- Point to\\nthe British. Unhappy Fate of Major Andre.\\nVirginia invaded by Arnold. Of the War in\\nSouth-Carolina.. Battle at Eittaw.. Springs,\\n1. J^OON after the intelligence of the\\ncapture of Burgoyne reached Europe, the king\\nof France x:oncluded treaties of alliance ai^\\ncommerce with the United States. This im-\\nportant transaction was the fruit of long nego-\\nciation. As early as 1776 Congress sent an\\nagent to that kingdom with instructions to soli-\\ncit its friendship and to procure military stores.\\nBut the French nation refused to act openly arid\\ndecidedly in their favour, till the capture, of.", "height": "3180", "width": "1801", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 History of New -England*\\n1778 Bnrgoyne s army convinced them that there\\nwas the utmost probability. thaU the miited ef-\\nforts of the Americans would finally be success-\\nfuU As the Frencli court was persuaded that\\nIt was for their interest that the power of Eng-\\nland should be diminished by the separation of\\nthe colonies from its government, it was finally\\ndetermined to espouse their cause.\\n2. When the British ministry were inform-\\ned of this treaty tTicy dispatched commissioners\\nto attempt a reconciliation but fotmd all their\\nendeavours ineffectual. In no one place not iirt-\\nmediately commanded by the British army,\\nwas there any attempt to accept these proposals,\\nor even any deliberation on ^^|be propriety of\\nclosing with the offers of Britain.\\n3. Notwithstanding these pacific negocia-\\ntions the royal army continued tneir devastation\\nwith fire and sword. In the latter part of May,\\nfive hundred British and Hessians made an ex-\\ncursion from Rhode- Island, destroyed a num-\\nber of scores and burnt the meeting-house in\\nWarren, the church in Bristol, and a consider-\\nable number of buildings in each town.\\n4. In the summer of this year,, general\\nClinton, w-ho succeeded general Howe, evacua-\\nted Philadelphia. In their march to New- York\\ntliey were attacked by the Americans, and an^\\naction took place at Monmouth, or Freehold,, in\\nwhich general Lee was charged by General\\nWashington with disobedience and misconduct\\nin reti-eating before the British troops, and ^vas\\nRamsay, vol. li. pa^e 64. Mai *h^li L.ife of Washin^on,\\nvol. iii. page 41 1 4X7.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "Ilistory of New -England, 165\\nsuspended from his command in the American ^^78\\narmy for one year.*-\\n5, The British had bat just completedthe re-\\nmoval of their fleet and army from the Dela-\\nware and Philadelphia, to the harbour and city\\nof Nev/-York, when they receiv^ed intelliii^ence\\nthat a fleet, Avhich was commanded by Count\\nD Estaiag, was on the coast of America. Their\\nfirst object was the surprize of Lord Howe s\\nfleet in the Delaware, but they arrived too late.\\n^,.6. The next attempt of Count D Estainy\\nfvas against Rhode-Island, of which the British\\nheld been in possession since December, 1776*-\\nA combined attack against it was projected, .and\\nit was agreed that Genei^al Sullivaushould com-\\nmand the land forces. After he hadcoilected\\nabout 10,000 men, of whom, at least one half\\nwere volunteers from New-England, he with?\\nhis army passed over to the Island, on the 8th\\nof August, at the same time the Frendii fleet\\nentered the harbour of Newport.\\n7. Lord Howe received intelligence of the\\ndanger which threatened Rhode-Island, and has-\\ntened to its relief. The French admiral put out\\nto sea with his whole fleet to attack him. Tlie\\nengagement w^as prevented by a violent tempest,\\nin which both fleets were greatly damaged. Tfie\\nFrench fleet, wdiich suffered more in the storm\\nthan their adversaries, returned to Newport, in\\na very sliattered condition^ on the 10th of Au-\\ngust, and two days after, Count D Estaing sail-\\ned for Boston in order to reflthis ships.\\n8. In the mean time General Sullivan had\\ncommenced his military operations, but Gene-\\nP2\\nSee Washington s Letters, vol. iv. page 2ZS\u00c2\u00bb.", "height": "3240", "width": "1862", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "166^ History of New-England.\\n1778 ral Pigot, who commanded die British garrison\\non Rhode- Island, had taken such measures, that\\nwithout the assistance of a marine force it was\\nimpossible to attack him with any probability of\\nsuccess. General Sullivan however retreated to\\nthe north end of the island, and a spirited ac-\\ntion took place, in which the Americans repul-\\nsed the pursuers but Lord Howe s fleet being\\nseea off the coast, general Sullivan concluded\\nimmediately to evacuate Rhode- Island. He re-\\ntreated in excellent order, without leaving a man\\nbehind.^\\n9. This campaign having produced nothing\\nadvantageous to the British, and the winter being\\na proper season for southern expeditions, they\\nconcluded to turn their arms against Georgia.\\nThis enterprize was committed to colonel\\nCampbell, an officer of courage and ability\\nthe forces appointed to act under him amounted\\nto 2,500. After the troops had effected a land-\\ning near the mouth of the Savannah, they be-\\ngan an attack with so much spirit and intrepidi-\\nty, that they gained a complete victory. Up-\\nward of 100 of the Americans were killed and\\na large number made prisoners. The military\\nstores, shippii-^ in the river, a large quantity of\\nprovisioiiS;, wi the capital of Georgia, fell in-\\nto the hands of the conquerors, f\\n1779 10. At the opening of this year, the British\\nbegan their operations with expeditious tending\\nrather to distress the Am-ericans, than to benefit-\\ntheir own cause. For this purpose governour\\nTryon and Sir George Collier made an excur-\\nsion into Connecticut, and after plundering the", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "liktory of NexV England. 167\\ntown of New- Haven, and perpetrating variou-s\\nspecies of enormity, the invaders suddenly re-\\nembarked and proceeded by water to Fairfield\\nand set the tow^n on lire. The British, in this\\nexcursion, also burnt East-Haven, the greatest\\npart of Green-Farms, and the flourishing town\\nof Norwalk.\\n11. The campaign of this yeaf was distin-\\nguished by tlie capture of Stoney-Point, on the\\nNorth River. General Wayne w^as the com-\\nmcinding officer in the enterprize, and the troops\\nwere chiefly natives of Ne^^ -England. All the\\nMassachusetts light infantry marched from\\nWest-Point under lieutenant colonel Hull on the\\nmorning of the iSth of July, and joined general\\nWayne on Sandy- Point, fourteen miles from\\nStoney-Pohit; notwithstanding they were obliged\\nto pass over high mountains, through difficult\\ndefiles and morasses, they arrived by eight in\\nthe evening, soon commenced an attack and\\nin the face of an incessant fire of muskets and\\nof cannon loaded with grape shot, forced their\\nway at the point of the bayonet, through every\\nobstacle, till the van of each column met in the\\ncentre of the works, and the garrison was obliged\\nto surrender at discretion.*\\n12. After this successful enterprize^ the\\nState of Massachusetts formed a plan to dislodge\\ntiie British from a fort which they had establish-\\ned on the river Penobscot. But, though they\\ncollected a considerable force to eflect this pur-\\npose, the whole fleet was destroyed, and those\\nwho returned by land ere obliged to wander\\nthrough immense deserts whilst a scarcity of\\nprovisions augmented their calamity.\\nlUmsay, vol. ii p, 3.", "height": "3231", "width": "1906", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "163 llistory of New- England.\\n779 13. Whilst the progress of the war in the\\nnorthern States was marked with devastation\\nand distress, the affairs of the Americans at the\\nsouthward wore a more alarming aspect. Gen-\\neral Lincoln and count De Estaing. were re-\\npulsed at Savannah, and the greatest part of\\nGeorgia was subdued. The British army, un-\\nder the command of Sir Henry Clinton, early\\nin the following year, commenced their op-\\nerations^ against Charleston in South -Carolina.\\nThough general Lincoln exerted himself to the\\nutmost in its defence, he was compelled after a\\nclose siege, to surrender the town by capitula-\\ntion. The number who surrendered prisoners\\nof war, amounted to about 5,000.\\n1780 14. It is remarkable that amidst the anxieties\\nand avocations attending the* v/ar, the General\\nCourt of Massachusetts passed an act to incor-\\nporate and establish a respectable literary soci-\\nety, by the name of the American Academy of\\nArts and Sciences.\\n15. This year general Arnold, a native of\\nConnecticut, betrayed the cause which he had\\noften hazarded his life to defend and -formed a\\nscheme for dehvering West-Point, of which he\\nhad the command, into the hands of the British,\\nThe agent, that Sir Henry CUnton employed in\\nthis negociation, was major Andre, in whom\\nwere united an elegant taste and cultivated mind,\\nwith the amiable qualities of candour, fidelity, and\\na delicate sense of honour. After an interview\\nwith general Arnold on bis return to New -York,\\nhe was apprehended, and a court of general offi-\\ncers being appointed to examine his case, he\\nwas condemned and executed as a spy. His", "height": "3234", "width": "1886", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "Hist or 1/ of JVexv- England, 169\\nbehaviour, during his trial, was calm and digni-\\nfied, exciting the esteem and compassion even\\nof his enemies, who deeply regretted the cruel\\nnecessity of sacrificing his life to policy and the\\nusages of war.^\\n16. Whilst the British forces were plunder-\\ning Virginia under Arnold, now brigadier gen-\\neral in the royal army, the war ravaged the\\ntwo Carolinas. The success of the British in\\nreducing Charleston, encouraged Lord Corn-\\nwallis to make vigorous exertions to invade\\nNorth-Carolina. His progress was retarded by\\nan attempt made by the Americans under gen-\\neral Morgan, to gain possession of the valuable\\ndistrict of ninety-six. In order to counteract\\nthis. design, Lord Cornwallis detached lieut.\\ncol. Tarleton with about 1 100 men, who attack-\\ned general Morgan at the Cow-pens, near Pa-\\ncolet river. The Americans, after an obstinate\\ncontest J gained a complete victory. Upwards\\nof three hundred of the British were killed or\\nVvounded, and about five hundred prisoners\\nwere taken. The Americans had only twelve\\nmen killed and sixty wounded.\\n17. During this desolating war several ac-\\ntions took place betv/een the British and Amer-\\n*cans. In the battle of Guilford court-house^\\nmd afterv*-ards in that of Camden, the disci-\\npline of veteran troops gained the victory. The\\nniergetic exertions of general. Greene to recover\\nSouth-Carolina, Arere, however in various in-\\nstances, crow ned v. ith success and w hen in\\n;he most gloomy state of his affairs, he was ad-\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00baised to retire to Virginia, he nobly replied, I\\nRamsay,", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "170 History of Nexv-Englana,\\nwill recover South* Carolina, or die in the at-\\ntempt.\\n18:. After some unimportant skirmishes be-\\ntween detached parties of both armies in July\\nand August, on the 9th of September, general\\nGreene, having assembled about 2,000 men,\\nproceeded to attack the British, who, under the\\ncommand of col. Stewait, were posted at Eutaw\\nSprings. A most obstinate battle ensued in\\nthis place, and continued from nine o clock in\\nthe morning till five in the aftenoon. General\\nGreene was finally victorious and the British fled\\nin all directions, after losing upw^arcfs of 1100\\nmen. The Americans lost about five hundred\\nof which number were sixty officers. This\\nbrilliant and successful battle may be consider-\\ned as closing the national war in South- Car o*\\nUna.\\n19. In the train of illustrious men whose\\nmerits were developed by the American revolu-\\ntion, general Greene, a native of Rhode-Island,\\nholds a distinguished rank. Dr. Ramsay re-,\\nmarks, tliat he opened a campaign with gloomy\\nprospects, but closed it with glory. His un-\\npaid and half naked army had to contend with\\nevery thing that the ^\\\\ealth of Britain or the\\nplunder of Carolina could procure. Under all\\nthese disadvantages he compelled superior num-\\nbers to retire to the extremitv of the State, and\\nconfine themselves in the capital and its vicinity.\\nHad not his mind been of the firmest texture\\nhe would have been discouraged but his ene-\\nmies found him as formidable in the evening of\\na defeat as in the morning of a victory.*\\nRamsay, vol. xi. p. 254", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "History of Nero-Englaii(L 171\\n20. Though the American war exhibited 1781\\nall the ferocious passions of human nature, and\\nopened scenes deepl}^ woimding to the feehng\\nheart, yet it developed all the energies of char-\\nacter, and we contemplate during the unequal\\ncontest, with admiration the love of country, ris^\\ning in many instances superior to every self-\\nish consideration an enthusiasm for liberty\\nsupplying the place of military discipline, and\\nmvincible resolution, finally surmounting every\\n.obstacle.\\nCHAPTER XX,\\n1781\u00e2\u0080\u00941791,\\nJuord Cornxvallk joins the royal Forrces in Fir--\\nginia. The Marquis de la Fayette s judicious\\nMovements., JLord CornxvalUs fortifies York-\\ntown ajid Glocester. Arnold^ s Expedition in-\\nto Connecticut, Lord Cornivallis closely he-\\nsieged in York town. He surrenders, Joy of\\nthe Americans on that Occasion, A defijiitive\\nTreaty of Peace concluded. The A?nerican\\nArmy disbanded. General Wasliington re-\\nsxgns his Commission^ and retires to his Seat\\nin Virginia. Difficidties after the Peace. Re-\\nbellion in Massachusetts: The Federal Con-\\nstitution established. General JFasJilrigtou\\n.chosen President, Concluding Remarks,\\n1. OOON after the battle at Guilford\\nC^urt-House, Lord Cornwallis retired to Wil- ^781\\nmiiigton^ North-Carolina, and,^ preferring the", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "17^ History of Nexv -England,\\nscale of operations, which Virginia presented,\\nto the narrow one of preserving past conquests,\\nhe determined to leave South-CaroUna, to be\\ndefended by Lord Ravvdon. Before the end of\\nApril he therefore proceeded to Virginia with a\\nvery powerful army, and soon after his arrival,\\nwas reinforced by 1,500 men from New- York.\\n2. The defensive forces, which were oppo-\\nsed to this powerful army, were principally in-\\ntrusted to the Marquis de la Fayette, who had\\nbeen dispatched from the miiin army to watch\\nthe motions of Lord Coniwallis in Virginia.\\nThough his force was much mferior to that of\\nthe British general, yet, by a variety of judi-\\ncious movements, he deranged his plans,\\nand obliged him to retreat to Williamsburgh,\\nand seek prote^ion under the British shipping.\\nHis lordship soon after evacuated Portsmouth,\\nand assiduously exerted himself to fortify York\\ntown and Glocester Point. His \\\\^hole force\\namounted to about 7,000 excellent troops, f\\n3. Whilst Lord Cornwallis was exerting\\nhimself to render his post impregnable, the\\nFrench and Americans were equally active in\\ntheir attempts to repel their enemies. On the\\n14th of September general Washington reached\\nWilliamsto\\\\wi, and with a number of his offi-\\ncers visited Count de Grasse, and concerted a\\nplan of operation.\\n4. In the mean time Arnold made an excur-\\nsion into Connecticut, and after burning sixty\\ndwelling houses in New- London, and eighty-\\nfour stores, attacked Fort Griswold QXi: Groton\\nA French nobleman who made a distinguished figure,,^aflt\\nthe commencement of the French revolution.\\nGordon* voi. i. p. 184.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "History of New -England, 173\\nhill. Though the garrison defended themselves 178I\\nwith great resolution, the fort was taken by the\\nBritish, who with their savage cruelty put the\\nmen to the sw^ord, even after their resistance\\nhad ceased.\\n5. The combined armies of France and\\nAmerica began and conducted the siege of York-\\ntown with such energy and success, that Lord\\nCornwallis was reduced to the necessity of pre-\\nparing for a surrender, or attempting an escape.\\nHe determined upon the latter, but his design\\nwas frustrated, and the British works were sink-\\ning under the weight of the French and Amer-\\nican artillery. Ail hopes of relief from New-\\nYork were over and the strength and spirits\\nof the royal army worn down and exhausted by\\nunremitting fatigue. In this desperate situation\\nhe sent out a flag with a letter to general Wash-\\nington requesting a cessation of arms for twenty-\\nfour hours that commissioners might be appoint-\\ned for settling the terms of capitulation.\\n6. This request was complied v^ith, and on\\nthe 18th of October, the posts of York and\\nGloucester, with upwards of 7,000 prisoners\\nwere surrendered. The reduction of the Brit-\\nish army was considered as decisive of the in-\\ndependence of America, and occasioned luii-\\nversal transports of joy in the great body of the\\npeople.\\n7. About three months after the capture of\\nLord Cornwallis was known in Great- Britain,\\nthe king and parliament resolved to abandon all\\noflPensi^^e operations in America. And^ on the\\n3d of September, 1783, the definitive treaties\\nQ\\nRamsay, vol. ii. p. 192.-", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174 History of New -England.\\n1781 ^f peace were concluded with the belligerent\\npowers. The indefatigable exertions of the\\nAmerican commissioners, particularly those of\\nJohn Adams, late president of the United States,\\nprocured highly advantageous terms for the\\nAmericans. The army was disbanded, and the\\nmagnanimous commander in chief retired to\\nhis delightful seat at Mount Vernon, in Vir-\\nginia.\\n8. No sooner was peace restored by the de-\\nfinitive treaty, and the British troops withdrawn\\nfrom the country, than the United States began\\nto experience the defects of their general gov-\\nernment. Articles of confederation, and per-\\npetual union had been formed by Congress in\\n1778, and submitted to the consideration of the\\nStates. In 1781, they were ratified as the frame\\nof government for the United States. These\\narticles however were formed during the rage of\\nwar, when a principle of safety supplied the\\nplace of a coercive power, by men who had no\\nexperience in the art of governing an extensive\\ncountry, hence the numerous defects in the\\nconfederation.\\n9. The long war through which the States\\nhad struggled, involved them in a debt which\\non the return of peace amounted to about forty\\nmillions of dollars. To provide funds for pay-\\ning their continental debt, engaged the attention\\nof Congress for some time before, and after the\\npeace. At length a system for funding, and\\nultimately paying the whole public debt, was\\ncompleted and oftered to the States for their rat-\\nification.\\nRamsay, vol. il. p. 192.", "height": "3230", "width": "1836", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "History of jYew-JLTigland. 175\\n10. The heavy taxes which Massachusetts\\nwas obhged to lay upon the people in order to\\ncomply with the requisitions of Congress, were\\nloudly complained of by the inhabitants of that\\nState, and caused them to feel in the most sen-\\nsible manner, the inconveniences which they\\nsuffered from a decline, or rather an extinction\\nof public credit, a relaxation of manners, a free\\nuse of foreign luxuries, a decay of trade and\\nmanufactures, with a prevailing scarcity of\\nmoney.*\\n11. The general discontent of tlie peoplo^iygg\\narose to such a degree as to produce acts of vio-\\nlence. In the year 1786 insurrections took\\nplace in various parts to impede the sitting of\\nthe several courts of justice and at length a\\nformidable number of insurgents assembled\\nwith Daniel Shays, who had been at their head,\\nand threatened a subversion of the constitution\\nand government of the State.\\n12. The violence and disorder of the insur-\\ngents became so alarming that the government\\nwas under the necessit}^ of employing military\\nforce to suppress them. For this purpose the\\ngovemour, during the winter of this year, de-\\ntached a body of militia under the command of\\ngeneral Lincoln, who repaired immediately to\\ntlie county of Hampshire, where the insurgents\\nwere principally convened. They attempted to\\ngain possession of the military stores in the pub-\\nlic arsenal at Springfield but were resolutely\\nrepulsed by a small party of militia under the\\ncommand of general Shepard. This assault\\nwas conducted with so little order and regulari\u00c2\u00bb\\nMiuot, p. 2a", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "176 History of New -England.\\n1786 ty that a few discharges from the artillery threw\\nthem into confusion, and made them retreat in\\ndisorder, with the loss of four men.\\n13. The spirited conduct of general Shepard,\\nw^ith the industry, perseverance, and prudent\\nfirmness of general Lincoln, dispersed the rebels,\\ndrove the leader from the State and restored\\ntranquillity. An act of indemnity was passed\\nfor all the insurgents, except a few of their lead-\\ners, on condition that they should become peace-\\nable subjects, and take the oath of allegiance.\\nThe leaders afterwards petitioned for, and ob-\\ntained pardon, on condition that they never should\\naccept, or hold any office, civil or military, in the\\nCommonwealth f\\n14. The disagreeable events above recited\\nwere overruled for great national good. For\\nfrom the obvious defects in the articles of con-\\nfederation, the people were induced to see the\\nnecessity of establishing a form of government,\\nequal to the exigencies of the Union. Accord-\\ningly, delegates from all the States, except\\nRhode-Island, assembled at Philadelphia, in May\\n1787. After four months deliberation, the fed-\\neral constitution was formed, and at different\\nperiods adopted by the States. On the 30th of\\nApril, George Washington, who had led\\nthe United States to Independence and glory,\\nwas inaugurated president, in the city of New-\\nYork.\\n15. He was succeeded by the illustrious John\\nAdams, a native of New-England, by whom\\nthe constitution, for the State of Massachusetts,\\nwas drawn up and reported to a committee.\\nMinot, p. 192. t It)i^", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "History of IsteW England. 177^\\nfi: underwent some amendment, and some alter--\\nations one which has since been regretted, that\\nof taking from the governour the power of ap-\\npointing military officers.\\n16. The constitutions of the States of Con--\\nnecticut and Rhode-Island, are founded on the\\ncharters w^hich in 1662 and 1663, were granted\\nthem by Charles II.\\n1 7. The federal constitution and several State\\nconstitutions agree in preserving the legislative,\\njudiciary, and executive branches of government\\nsepai ate and distinct from each other.\\n18. Religious liberty is a fundamental prin-\\nciple in the constitutions of the respective States.\\nSome indeed, retain a distinction between chris-\\ntians and others, with respect to their eligibility\\nto office but the idea of raising one sect of\\nprotestants to a legal preeminence, is universally\\nreprobated,\\n19. Since the adoption of tlie federal consti-\\ntution, learning has flourished, and new literary\\ninstitutions have been founded in New- England.\\nIn 1791, the legislature in the State of Vermont\\npassed an act establishing an university at Bur-\\nlington, on Lake Champlain, in a delightful sit-\\nuation on the south side of Onion river, and\\nappointed ten trustees. The sum of 6,000/.\\nwas secured b}^ voluntary donation part of\\nwhich is to be applied to the erecting of build-\\nings, and part settled as a fund for the supp ort of\\nthe institution.*\\n20. In reviewing the history of New-England\\nand the late American revolution, we find the won-\\nders of divine providence rising conspicuous in*^\\nQ2\\nMorse s Geography, vol. i. p. 374", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "178 History of J^eiv-England.\\nevery scene. At first we behold a small number\\nof people, who, when oppressed by cruel perse-\\ncution, preferred the sacred rights of conscience\\nto all earthly enjoyments, and exchanged their\\nnative country for a dreary wilderness inhabited\\nby savages. After struggling with complicated\\nhardships they obtained secure settlements, and\\nthe wilderness at length was made to blossom\\nlike a rose, by the hand of persevering industry\\nand hough their prosperity was sometimes cloudJ\\ned, yet their misfortunes, and even their preju-\\ndices were overruled for good. Those who\\nwere driven from Massachusetts by the persecu-\\ntion of their brethren formed new settlements;\\nThe colonies increased, and rose in wealth, and\\nthe interposing hand of heaven protected them\\nunder every difficulty.\\n21. When the colonies were involved in the\\ndistressing war with Philip, they were enabled\\nto subdue their savage enemies when they\\nwere deprived of their charters the sudden revo-\\nlution in England relieved them from the oppres-\\nsion of arbitrary power; when the united efforts\\nof the French and their Indian allies were level-\\nled against them, the conquering arms of Britain\\nand her colonies frustrated their attempts.\\n22. When the important era, at length ar-\\nrived, in which Britain exerted her utmost\\nstrength to deprive her colonies of their dearly\\npurchased privileges and a new country under\\ngreat disadvantages, was obliged to contend\\nwith that potent nation, which had recently con-\\nquered the united powers of France and Spain\\ninspired by the sacred flame of liberty, the col-\\nonies triumphed over the wxll disciplined forces", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "Iftstorij of New England. 179\\nof the parent state. The striking divine inter-\\npositions, in favour of America, daring the\\ncontest, afford an interesting subject of contem-\\nplation to pious minds while amidst the appar-\\nently uncertain chances of war, they perceive\\nwith grateful admiration the controling hand of\\nprovidence rendering every event subservient to\\nthe liberty and independence of the United States.\\n23. After independence was obtained by the\\nsword, and acknowledged by the European na-\\ntions, when a spirit of anarchy threatened the\\nsubversion oi our recently acquired liberty, the\\ninterposition of providence was visible in caus-\\ning these tumults to terminate in the establish-\\nment of the federal constitution, which placed\\nthe privileges of the United States on a perma-\\nnent foundation.\\n24. Exalted from a feeble state to opulence\\nand independence, the federal Americans are\\nnow recognized as a nation throughout the\\nglobe. This highly favoured people ought to\\nraise their minds in fervent aspirations, that their\\nfair prospects may never be reversed by a tem-\\nper of disunion, or a spirit of anarchy prevail-\\ning among the people, but that genuine liberty,\\nunited \\\\vith order and good government, may\\ndiffuse their blessings through the widely ex-\\ntended union.\\n25. The inhabitants of New- England in\\nparticular, whose ancestors were eminent for\\nindustry, love of order, attention to the pro-\\nmotion of learnings and a supreme regard for\\nreligion, ought to be assiduously careful to cul-\\ntivate and improve those virtues for which the\\nfirst settlers of their country were so highly\\ndistinguished^", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\nCHAPTER I.\\n1. W HEN, and by whom was America\\ndiscovered? Section 1, 2\\n2. What gave rise to the settlement in New-\\nEngland Sect. 4, 5, 6\\n3 What induced our ancestors to remove\\nfrom Holland to New- England F Sect. 9\\n4. What difficulties did tliey encounter in\\nconducting this enterprize Sect. 14, 15, 16\\n5. When was the first settlement made in\\nNew-Plymouth Sect. 17\\n6. What was their situation immediately af-\\nter their settlement Sect. 19\\n7. How did they support themselves under\\nthe trials they encountered Sect. 20\\n8. How did they acq? lire a title to the lands\\nthey possessed Sect. 23\\n9. What was their opinion respecting the\\ngovernment of their churches Sect. 27\\n10. X-S^hat were the distinguishing traits in\\ntheir character Sect. 29\\nCHAPTER II.\\n1. What gave rise to the settlement of Mas-\\nsachusetts, and v/hen was it effected\\nSect. 1, 2, 6\\n2. Did not the settlers suffer many hardships\\nin this enterprize Sect. 10\\n3. What induced them to deviate from the\\ndirections of their charter Sect. 11\\n4. Upon what foundation did they establish\\ntheir code of laws Sect, 16", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 181\\n5. Upon what did they establish their churches?\\nSect, la\\n6. What entitles our ancestors to the esteem\\nand veneration of posterity Sect. 21\\nCHAPTER III.\\n1 Who first attempted a settlement in New-\\nHampshire, and w^hen was the settlement ef-\\nfected\\n2. By whom w^as the District of Maine set-\\ntled? Sect. 5\\n3. What were the religious and civil princi-\\nples of the settlers of New-Hampshire and the\\nDistrict of Maine Sect. 6\\n4. At what time, and by whom was Con^\\nnecticut settled Sect. 7\\n5. What hardships were the settlers obliged\\nto encounter Sect. 9\\n6. In what respects did the constitution of\\nConnecticut differ from that of Massachusetts\\nSect. 11\\n7. When, and by whom was New- Haven\\nsettled Sect. 14\\n8. What ^vas the original constitution of the\\ngovernment of the colony? Sect. 17 20\\n9. In what religious sentiments were the\\nNew- England churches agreed Sect, 24^\\nCHAPTER IV.\\n1. What gave rise to the settlement of Prov-\\nidence in Rhode-Island Sect. 1 4\\n2. By whom, and when, was tlie settlement\\neffected? Sect. 5\\n3. What was the foundation of its govern-\\nment Sect. 6", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "182 APPENDIX.\\n4. What gave rise to the religious clissen-\\ntions in Massachusetts Sect. 9\\n5 What measures were taken in consequence\\nof those dissentions Sect. 10 12\\n6. When, and by whom was Rhode-Island\\nsetded? Sect. 13\\n7. What was the distinguishing trait in the\\nsettlement of this colony Sect. 18\\n8. When did the colony procure a patent\\nSect. 23\\n9. What measures did the New-England\\ncolonies take for their mutual defence Sect. 24\\nCHAPTER V.\\n1. At what time were the colonies engaged\\nin a war with the Pequod Indians Sect. 3\\n2. What w^as the event of this war\\nSect. 6, 9\\n3. When was Harvard College founded\\nSect. 11\\n4. When did the College receive the first\\ncharter? Sect. 14\\n5. What motive induced New-Hampshire\\nto submit to the jurisdiction of Massachusetts?\\nSect. 16\\n6. What induced the District of Maine to\\nsubmit to Massachusetts Sect. 18\\n7. How many churches were there in New-\\nEngland in 1642 Sect. 19\\n8. What was the state of England at this\\nperiod? Sect. 20\\nCHAPTER VI.\\n1. What was the state of the natives, and\\nwhat were their religious ideas when our ances-\\ntors settled New-England Sect, 1, 2 5", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 183\\n2. What was the most prominent trait in\\ntheir character Sect. 6\\n3. What method was adopted to instruct\\nthem in the Christian reUgion? Sect. 7 10\\n4. How did these measures succeed\\nSect. 1 1\\n5 By whom, and when w^as the Bible trans-\\nlated into the Indian language? Sect. 15\\n6. How many Indian congregations were\\nthere in Massachusetts in 1695 Sect. 20\\nCHAPTER VII.\\n1. For whoi purpose was a S^ nod convened\\n^t Cambridge in 1646? Sect. 1\\n2. At what periods did the New- England\\ncolonies establish their codes of law Sect. 3 6\\n3 What method was taken to enforce uniform-\\nity in religion, when the Baptists withdrew from\\nthe established v/orship Sect. 6 9\\n4. At what time did the Quakers appear in\\nNew-England, and in what manner were they\\ntreated by the government Sect. 10 14\\n5. What occasioned a suspension of the\\nlaws which were enacted against them Sect. 16\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\n1. What measure was taken in Massachu-\\nsetts at the accession of Charles II Sect. 1\\n2. What did the king require of that colo-\\nny? Sect. 2\\n3. For \\\\v hat purpose was a Synod convened\\nin Massachusetts in 1662 Sect. 4 9\\n4. W^hen was Connecticut and New- Haven\\nunited by a charter Sect. 10\\n5. When did Rhode-Island receive a char-\\nter, and in what respect did it differ from that\\nof Connecticut? Sect. 12", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 APPENDIX.\\n6. What reception did the commissioners\\nfrom the king meet, with in the colonies\\nSect. 14\u00e2\u0080\u009417\\nCHAPTER IX.\\n1. When did the war with king Philip com-\\nmence Sect. 2\\n2. What gave rise to this war Sect. 3\\n3. How was it conducted by the colonists?\\nSect. 5\u00e2\u0080\u00949\\n4. What towns were burnt by the Indians\\nSect. 10\\n5. When, and how was Philip killed\\nSect. 14\\n6. Wliat were the effects of the war Avith\\nthe Eastern Indians Sect. 17\\n7. How long did this w^ar last, and when\\nivas it concluded Sect. 18\\n8. On what account was a Synod called in\\nMassachusetts in 1679 Sect. 19\\n9. What was agreed upon by the Synod\\nSect. 20\\nCHAPTER X.\\n1. When was New-Hampshire separated\\nfrom Massachusetts Sect. 2\\n2. How was the colony governed after the\\nseparation? Sect. 3 -5\\n3. When was Massachusetts deprived of its\\ncharter Sect. 6\\n4. What form of government was appoint\\ned upon the accession of Jamtes II Sect. 8\\n5. Were not the other colonies also depriv-\\ned of their privileges Sect. 10 11\\n6. How did Andros conduct the government\\nof the colonies Sect. 9 12", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 1 3\\n7. What caused a change of government in\\nNew-England Sect. 13, 14\\n8. When was the charter of WiUiam and\\nMary granted Sect. 18\\n9. In what respects did the new charter dif-\\nfer from the old Sect. 19\\nCHAPTER XI.\\n1. What gave rise to a new Indian war?\\nSect. 1, 2\\n2. What measures did the colonists take to\\nrepel their enemies Sect. 4, 5, 6\\n3. When was peace concluded Sect. 6\\n4. What was the origin of the supposed\\nwitchcrafts in New- England Sect. 8\\n5. What were the effects of this delusion\\nSect. 9\u00e2\u0080\u009413\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a26. What caused the public credulity to sub-\\nside Sect. 14\\n7. Were not the European nations equally\\ncredulous at the same period Sect. 15\\nCHAPTER XIL\\n1. By whom were die Indians persuaded to\\nrenew the war Sect. 1\\n2. What put a period to the war Sect, 6\\n3. When, and by whom was the design of\\nfounding a college in Connecticut concerted\\nSect. 9\\n4. Where was the College fixed, and from\\nwhom did it derive the name of Yale College\\nSect. 10\\n5. For what purpose was a Synod convened\\nin Saybrook in 1708 Sect. 11\\n6. Why did the colony of Massachusetts re-\\nfuse to fix a permanent salary on their governors\\nwho were appointed by the crown Sect l^", "height": "3240", "width": "1884", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "184 APPENDIX.\\n7. How did the colonists succeed in their at-\\ntemps against the French settlements S. 19, 20\\n8. How many churches were there in Mas-\\nsachusetts in 1691 Sect. 22\\nCHAPTER Xni.\\n1. What caused the altercation wdth gover-\\nnour Shute Sect. 3\\n2. What was the result of the dispute S. 4\\n3. By whom and when was innoculation in-\\ntroduced in New- England Sect. 5\\n4. Who excited the Indians to renew hos-\\ntilities, and what were the consequences? S. 6, 7\\n5. When was the first settlement made in\\nVermont Sect 10\\n6. How was the dispute between the colony\\nof Massachusetts and its govemours finally ad-\\njusted? Sect. 13\\n7. What effect did this altercation produce\\non the minds of the people Sect. 15\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\n1. What measures was taken by Nev/-Hamp-\\nshire to obtain a separation from Massachusetts\\nSect. 1\\n2. Did the colony of New- Hampshire ob-\\ntain a separation Sect. 2\\n3. Who projected the enterprize against\\nLouisburg Sect. 4\\n4. How was the expedition conducted F\\nSect. 6, 8\\n5. What effect was produced by the success\\nof this enterprize Sect. 12, 13\\n6. What way did the French take to be re-\\nvenged on the colonies after this victory?\\nSect, 14, 15", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 185\\n7. When was the attempt made to establish\\nan American Episcopacy, and why were the\\ncolonies opposed to this measure Sect. 1 8\\nCHAPTER XV.\\n1. For w^hat purpose w^as a convention of\\nthe colonies oppointed in 1754? Sect 1\\n2. What success attended the attempts against\\nthe French colonies in 1755 Sect. 2, 3\\n3. What was the situation of the colonies in\\n1756? Sect. 4\\n4. What caused American affairs to wear a\\nbrighter aspect Sect. .5\\n5. When was Louisburg, which had been\\nrestored to the French, again reduced by the\\ncolonists? Sect. 6\\n6. What other conquests followed the re-\\nduction of Louisbur g Sect. 7, 8\\n7. What difficulties attended the enterprize\\nagainst Quebec? Sect, 9\\n8. How did general Wolfe surmount these\\ndifficulties Sect. 10, 11\\n9. When was the province of Canada rediic-\\ned by Britain and the colonies Sect. 14\\n10. When were the West- India Islands re-\\nduced, and peace settled Sect 15\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\n1. When v/as the College established at\\nProvidence in Rhode Jsland Sect. 1\\n2. Wh.Cii v/as IXutmouth College founded,\\nand what ^vas the original design of the in-\\nstitution? Sect. 2\\n3. When did the British parliament pass the\\nStampt act, and what measures were taken by\\nthe colonies in consequence of this act S. 5, 6", "height": "3236", "width": "1834", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "186 APPENDIX.\\n4. When was the Stamp act repealed F\\nSect. 8\\n5. What other method was taken by the Brit-\\nish padiament to tax the colonies F Sect. 9\\n6. What was the consequence of a miUtary\\nforce being stationed in Boston Sect. 10, 11\\n7. What was the consequence of the attempt\\n.to enforce the duty on tea? Sect. 13, 14\\n8. What method did the British Parhament\\ntake to punish the people of Boston for oppos-\\ning its authority P Sect. 15\\n9. By whom was the government of Massa-\\nchusetts conducted in 1774 Sect. 18\\n10. When, and where was the continental\\ncongress convened, and what measures wer^\\nadopted by that body F Sect. 19\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\n1. When, and where did hostilities between\\nGreat Britain and the colonies commence P\\n.Sect. 2\\n2. By how large an army was Boston invest-\\ned after the battle at Lexington F Sect. 5\\n3. How did the Americans succeed against\\nTiconderoga, and Crown-Point F Sect. 6\\n4. When did the batde at Breed s Hill take\\nplace F Sect. 8\\n5. How did the Americans behave in this\\naction F Sect. 9, 10, H\\n6. What measures were taken by the Ameri-\\ncans for their defence, after the engagement F\\nSect. 14\\n7. What was the event of the expedition\\nagainst Canada F Sect. 16, 17, 18\\n8. How did the Americans succeed in the\\nsouthern colonies? Sect. 19", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 187\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\n1. What caused the British army to evacu-\\nate Boston Sect. 1, 2\\n2. When did the colonies publish their de-\\nclaration of Independence Sect. 4\\n3. When Avere the Americans defeated at\\nLong- Island, and how many were killed in this\\nengagement? Sect. 6\\n4. When was captain Hale executed for a\\nspy, and how did he behave in his last moments\\nSect. 9, 10\\n5. What \\\\yas the situation of the Americans\\nat the close of 1776 Sect. 12\\n6. What events gave a more favourable turn\\nto their affairs Sect. 14, 15\\n7. When did the British gain possession of\\nPhiladelphia, and what action took place before,\\nand after this event Sect. 17, 18\\n8,, How did general Burgoyne open the\\ncampaign in the Northern department, and what\\nsuccess attended his first military operations\\nSect. 19, 20\\n9. When did the Americans gain the victo-\\nry at Bennington Sect. 22\\n10. When was general Burgoyne obliged\\nto surrender his army, and what was the amount\\nof his troops Sect. 24\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\n1. When did the alliance between France\\n^nd America take place Sect. 1\\n2. What effect did the union produce pn\\nthe British ministry Sect. 2\\n3. What action took place after Philadelphia\\nwas evacuated by the British Sect. 4\\n4. Were not the Americans unsuccessful in\\ntheir attempt to recover Rhode-Island Sec. 7, 8", "height": "3240", "width": "1807", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "188 APPENDIX.\\n5. When, and by whom was Stoney- Point\\ncaptured P Sect. 1 1\\n6. ^Vhcn was the Academy of Aits and\\nSciences founded in Massachusetts P Sect. 14\\n7. When did general Arnold agree to de-\\nliver West- Point to the British, and who was\\nthe agent employed in this negociation Sect. 15\\n8. When was major Andre executed for a\\nspy P Sect. 16\\n9. What were the military movements in\\nthe two Carolinas P Sect. 16, 17\\n10. What engagement closed the national\\nwar in South- Carolina P Sect. 18\\nCHAPTER XX.\\n1. When did lord Cornwallis and his ar-\\nmy remove to Virginia P Sect. 1\\n2. To whom were the forces sent to oppose\\nhim principally intrusted P Sect. 2\\n3. When, and by whom was lord Corn-\\nwallis besieged in Yorktown P Sect. 5\\n4. What was the amount of the army which\\nsurrendered P Sect. 6\\n5. When was the definitive treaty of peace\\nconcluded P Sect. 7\\n6. Whence arose the perplexities into which\\nthe States were involved after the peace P\\nSect. 8, 9, 10\\n7 When did the insurrection take place in\\nMassachusetts P Sect. 1 1\\n8. What method was taken to reduce the in-\\nsurgents P Sect. 12, 13\\n9. When was the Federal constitution estab-\\nlished, and general Washington chosen Presi-\\ndent P^ Sect. 14\\n10. In what respect does the Fedei-al Ui^d\\nState constitutions agree P Sect* 17\\nFIATIiS.", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "i- fi/L^,\\nC- t^V Oo u^^xy .j^iyCe-^^i XyLCO^ t", "height": "3249", "width": "1916", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "s^", "height": "3226", "width": "1872", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3236", "width": "1834", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3230", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3236", "width": "1834", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3230", "width": "1799", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3236", "width": "1834", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3363", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "abridgmentofhist01adam_0206.jp2"}}