{"1": {"fulltext": "Hi\\nlili", "height": "3441", "width": "2287", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "Qass.\\nBook\\nCOPYRIGHT DEPOSIT", "height": "3268", "width": "2114", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3225", "width": "2201", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3225", "width": "2244", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3247", "width": "2265", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3182", "width": "2049", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3225", "width": "2114", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3182", "width": "2309", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3225", "width": "2114", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^^v.;^-\\ni lUKOM COVE, CAI K ANN.", "height": "3267", "width": "2049", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "NOOKS AND COENEKS\\nOF THE\\nNEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nBy SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE,\\nAUTHOR or\\nOLD LANDMARKS OF BOSTON, HISTORIC FIELDS AND MANSIONS OF MIDDLESEX, o.\\nWITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.\\n-qV of Co^,^\\nCOPYRIGHT .P\\nA IS75 Si\\nNEW YORK:\\nHARPER BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,\\nFRANKLIN SQUARE.\\n1875.\\nU fl", "height": "3224", "width": "2179", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "\\\\y\\nEntered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by\\niiAKPER Brothers,\\nIn the Uflice of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "Inscribed bn permission,\\nAND WITH SENTIMENTS OF HIGH RESPECT,\\nHENEY WADSWOETH LONGFELLOW.\\nm^^mi^mmmi\\nij-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nNEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS.\\nNorumbega River and City. Early Discoverers, and Maps of New England. Mode of taking\\nPossession of new Countries.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cruel Usage of Intruders by the English! Penobscot Bay.\\nCharacter of first Emigrants to New England. Is Friday unlucky? Page 17\\nCHAPTER H.\\nMOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\nAbout Islands. Champlain s Discovery. Mount Desert Range. Somesville, and the Neighbor-\\nhood. Colony of Madame De Guercheville. Descent of Sir S. Argall. Treasure-trove.\\nShell-heaps. South-west Harbor. The natural Sea-wall. Islands oft Somes s Sound 27\\nCHAPTER IH.\\nCHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\nExcursion to Bar Harbor. Green Mountain. Eagle Lake. Island Nomenclature. Porcupine\\nIslands. Short Jaunts by the Shore. Schooner Head. Spouting Caves. Sea Aquaria.\\nAudubon and Agassiz. David Wasgatt Clark. F. E. Church and the Artists. Great Head.\\nBaye Fran^oise. Mount Desert Rock. Value of natural Sea-marks. Newport Mount-\\nain, and the Way to Otter Creek. The Islesmen. North-east Harbor. The Ovens. The\\nGregoires. Henrietta d Orleans. Yankee Curiosity 40\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nCASTINE.\\nPentagoet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Fog in Penobscot Bay.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Rockland.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Muscongus Grant.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Colonial Society.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGenerals Knox and Lincoln. Camden Hills. Belfast and the River Penobscot. Brigadier s\\nIsland. Disappeai-ance of the Salmon. Approach to Castine. Fort George. Penobscot\\nExpedition. Sir John Moore. Capture of General Wadsworth. His remarkable Escape.\\nRochambeau s Proposal. La Peyrouse 58\\nCHAPTER V.\\nCASTINE contimiecl.\\nOld Fort Pentagoet.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Stephen Grindle s Windfall.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cob-money.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Pilgrims at Penobscot.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nIsaac de Razilly. D Aulnay Charnisay. La Tour. Descent of Sedgwick and Leverett.\\nCapture of Pentagoet, and Imprisonment of Chambly. Colbert. Baron Castin. The younger", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "10 CONTENTS.\\nCastin kidnaped.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Capuchins and Jesuits.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Intrigues of De M.aintenon and Pere Lachaise.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nBurial-ground of Castine. About the Lobster.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Where is Down East? Page 73\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nPEMAQUID POIXT.\\nNew Harbor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Wayside Manners.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 British Repulse at New Harbor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Porgee Factory.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Process\\nof converting tlie Fish into Oil.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Habits of the ]\\\\Iackerel.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Weymouth s Visit to Petnaquid.\\nChamplain again.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Popliam Colony. \u00e2\u0080\u0094Cotton Mather on new Settlements. English vs.\\nFrench Endurance.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 L Ordre de Bon Temps.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Samoset.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fort Frederick.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Re sii me of the\\nEnglish Settlement and Forts.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 John Nelson.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Capture of Fort William Henry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 D Iberville,\\nthe knowing One. Colonel Dunbar at Pemaquid. Shell-heaps of Damariscotta. Disapjjear-\\nance of the native Oyster in New England 87\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nMONIIEGAN ISLAND.\\nScenes on a Penobscot Steamer. The Islanders. Weymouth s Anchorage. Monhegan de-\\nscribed. Combat between the Enterprise and Boxer. Lieutenant Burrows 102\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nFROM AVELLS TO OLD YORK.\\nWells. John Wheelwright. George Burroughs. On the Beach. Shiftings of the Sands.\\nWhat they produce. Ingenuity of the Crow. The Beach as a High-road. Popular Super-\\nstitions. Ogunquit. Bald Head Cliff. Wreck of the Isidore. Kennebunkport. Cajie Ned-\\ndock. The Nubble. Captains Gosnold and Pring. Moon-light on the Beach 109\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nAGAMEXTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY.\\nMoimt Agamenticus. Basque Fishermen. Sassafras. Tlie Long Sands. Sea-weed and Shell-\\nfish. Foot -prints. Old York Annals. Sir Ferdinando Gorges. York Meeting-house.\\nHandkerchief Moody. Parson Moody. David Sewall. Old Jail. Garrison Houses, Scot-\\nland Parish 123\\nCHAPTER X.\\nAT KITTERY POINT, MAINE.\\nYork Bridge.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 poor Sally Cutts. Fort M Clary. Sir William Pepperell. Louishmg and\\nFonlcnoy. (ierrish s Island. Francis Champcrnowne. Islands belonging to Kittery. John\\nLangdon. Jacob Slieafi e. Washington at Kittery 141\\nCH.MTKR XT.\\nJIIK ISLKS or S1K)AI.S.\\nDe Monts sees them. Smith s and Levetl s Account. Cod-fishery in the sixteenth Century.\\nSail down the riscatacjua. The Isles. Derivation of tlic Name. Jeft rey s Ledge. Star\\nIsland. Little Meeting-house. Character of the Islesmen. Island Grave-yards. Betty", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS. 1 1\\nMoody s Hole. Natural Gorges. Under the CliflFs. Death of Miss Underhill. Story of her\\nLife. Boon Island. Wreck of the Nottingham. Fish and Fishermen Page 153\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nTHE ISLES OF SHOALS Continued.\\nExcursion to Smutty Nose. ^Piracy in New England Waters. Blackbeard. Thomas Morton s\\nBanishment. Religious Liberty vs. License. Custom of the ]\\\\Lay-pole. Samuel Haley.\\nSpanish Wreck on Smutty Nose. Graves of the Unknown. Terrible Tragedy on the Island.\\nAppledore. Its ancient Settlement. Smith s Cairn. Duck Island. Londoner s. Thomas\\nB. Laighton. Mrs. Thaxter. Light-houses in 1793. White Island. Story of a Wreck. 175\\nCHAPTER XIIL\\nNEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD.\\nThe Way to the Island. The Pool. Ancient Ships. Old House. Town Charter and Eecords.\\nInfluence of the Navj -yard. Fort Constitution. Little Harbor. Captain John Mason.\\nThe Wentworth House. The Portraits. The Governors Wentworth and their Wives.\\nBaron Steuben 196\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nSALEM VILLAGE, AND 92.\\nThe Witch-ground. Antiquity of Witchcraft. First Case in New England. Curiosities of Witch-\\ncraft. Rebecca Nurse. Beginning of Terrorism at Salem Village. Humors of the Appari-\\ntions. General Putnam s Birthplace. What may be seen in Darners 208\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nA WALK TO W^TCH HILL.\\nSalem in 1692.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Birthplace of Hawthorne.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Witch House. William Stoughton, Governor.\\nWitch Hill.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Leaf from History 220\\nCHAPTER XVI.\\nMAKBLEHEAD.\\nThe Rock of Marblehead. The Harbor and Neck. Chat witli the Light-keeper. Decline of\\nthe Fisheries. Fishery in the olden Time. Early Annals of Marblehead. Walks about the\\nTown.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Crooked Lanes and antique Houses. The Water-side.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Fishermen.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 How the\\nTown looked in the Past. Plain-spoken Clergymen and lawless Parishioners. Anecdotes.\\nJeremiah Lee and his Mansion. The Town-house. Chief-justice Story. St. Michael s\\nChurch.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Elbridge Gerry.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The old Ironsides of the Sea.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 General John Glover.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Flood\\nIreson s, Oakum Bay.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fort Sewall.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Escape of the Constitution Frigate.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Duel of the Chesa-\\npeake and -SAannon.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Burial-ground.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Grave-digger.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Perils of the Fishery 228\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nPLYMOUTH.\\nAt the American Mecca. Court Street.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Pilgrim Hall and Pilgrim Memorials.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Sargent s Pic-\\nture of the Landing. Relics of the Mayflower.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Yw^i Duel in New England.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Colony", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "12 CONTENTS.\\nSeal. The Compact. First Execution in Plymouth. Old Body of Laws. Pilgrim\\nChronicles. View from Burial Hill. The Harbor.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Names of Plymouth. Plymouth, En-\\ngland. Lord Nelson s Generosity. Plymouth the temporary Choice of the Pilgrims. The\\nIndian Plague. Indian Superstition. Who was first at Plymouth De Monts and Cham-\\nplain. Champlain s Voyages in New England. French Pilgrims make the first Landing.\\nWhy the Natives were hostile to the Pilgrims of 1G20. Confusion among old Writers about\\nPlymouth. Among the Tombstones of Burial Hill. The Pilgrims Church-fortress. What a\\nDutchman saw here in 1627. Military Procession to Meeting. Ancient Church Customs.\\nPuritans, Separatists, and Brownists. Flight and Political Ostracism of the Pilgrims. Their\\nform of Worship. First Church of Salem. Plymouth founded on a Principle Page 261\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nPLYMOUTH, Clark s island, axd duxburt.\\nLet us walk in Leyden Street. The way Plymouth was built. Governor Bradford s Corner.\\nFragments of Family History. How Marriage became a civil Act. The Common-house.\\nJohn Oldham s Punishment. The Allyne House. James Otis and his Sister Mercy. James\\nWarren. Cole s Hill, and its obliterated Graves. Plymouth Rock. True Date of the Land-\\ning. Christmas in Plymouth, and Bradford s Joke. Pilgrim Toleration. Samoset surprises\\nPlymouth. The Entry of Massasoit. First American Congress. To Clark s Island. Wat-\\nson s House. Election Rock. The Party of Discovery. Duxbury. Captains Hill and Miles\\nStandish. John Alden. Why don t you speak for yourself? Historical Iconoclasts.\\nCelebrities of Duxbury. Winslow and Acadia. Colonel Church. The Dartmouth In-\\ndians 283\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nPROVINCETOWN.\\nCape Cod a Terra incognita. Appearance of its Surface. Historical Fragments. The Pilgrims\\nfirst Landing. New England Washing-day. De Poutrincourt s Fight with Natives. Province-\\ntown described.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cape Names. Portuguese Colony. Cod and IMackerel Fishery. Cod-fish\\nAristocracy. Matt Prior and Lent. Beginning of Whaling. Mad Montague. The Desert.\\nCranberry Culture. The moving Sand-hills. Disappearance of ancient Forests. The Beach.\\nRace Point. Huts of Refuge. Ice Blockade of 1874- 7r Wreck of the Giovanni. Phys-\\nical Aspects of the Cape Shores. Old Wreck at Orleans 304:\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nNANTUCKET.\\nThe old Voyagers again. Derivation of the Name of Nantncket. Sail from Wood s Hole to the\\nIsland. Vineyard Sound. Walks in Nantucket Streets. Whales, Ships, and Whaling.\\nNantucket in the Revolution. Cruising for Whales. The Camels. Nantucket Sailors.\\nLoss of Sliip Essex. Town-crier.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Island History. Quaker Sailors. Thomas Mayhew.\\nSpermaceti. Mucy, Folger, Admiral Sir Isaac Coflin 324\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nNANTUCKET continued.\\nTaking Blackfish.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Blue-fishing at the Opening.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Walk to Coatue. The Scallop-shell.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Strac-\\nture of tiic Island. Indian Legends. Siiepherd Life. Absolutism of Indian Sagamores.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\n13\\nWasting of the Shores of the Island. Siasconset. Nantucket Carts. Fishing-stages. The\\nGreat South Shoal. Sankoty Light. Surfside Page 343\\nCHAPTER XXII.\\nNEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\nGeneral View of Newport. Sail up the Harbor. Commercial Decadence. Street Rambles.\\nWilliam Coddington. Anne Hutchinson. The Wantons. Newport Artillery. State-house\\nNotes. Tristram Burgess. Jewish Cemetery and Synagogue. Judah Touro. Redwood Li-\\nbrary.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Old Stone Mill 35G\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nPICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\nThe Cliff Walk. Newport Cottages and Cottage Life. Charlotte Cushman. Fort Day and ForL\\nAdams. Bernard, the Engineer. Dumplings Fort. Canonicut. Hessians. Newport\\nDrives. The Beaches. Purgatory. Dean Berkeley 373\\nCHAPTER XXIV.\\nTHE FRENCH AT NEWPORT.\\nBehavior of the Troops. Monarchy aiding Democracy.- D Estaing. Jourdan. French Camps.\\nRochambeau, De Ternay, De Noailles. Efforts of England to break the Alliance. Fred-\\nerick s Remark. Malmesbury and Potemkin. Lord North and Yorktown. George IIL\\nBiron, Due de Lauzun. Chastellux, De Castries, Viome nil, Lameth, Dumas, La Peyrouse,\\nBerthier, and Deux-Ponts. The Regiment Auvergne. Latour D Auvergne. French Diplo-\\nmacy 386\\nCHAPTER XXV.\\nNEWPORT CEMETERIES.\\nRhode Island Cemetery. Curious Inscriptions. William EUery. Oliver Hazard Perry. The\\nQuakers. George Fox. Quaker Persecution. Other Grave-yards. Lee and the Rhode Isl-\\nand Tories. Coddington and Gorton. John Coggeshall. Trinity Church-yard. Dr. Samuel\\nHopkins.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gilbert Stuart 398\\nCHAPTER XXVI.\\nTO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\nWalk up the Island.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Tonomy Hill.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Malbones.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Capture of General Prescott.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Talbot s\\nExploit.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Ancient Stages. Windmills.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 About Fish.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lawton s Valley.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Battle of 1778.\\nIsland History.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Mount Hope.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Philip s Death.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Dighton Rock. Indian Antiquities.... 407\\nCHAPTER XXVII.\\nNEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\nEntrance to the Thames. Fisher s Island. Block Island. New London. Light-ships and\\nLight-houses. Hempstead House. Bishop Seabury. Old Burial-ground. New London Har-\\nbor. The little Ship-destroyer. Groton and Monument. Arnold. British Attack on Groton.\\nFort Griswold. The Pequots. John Mason. Silas Deane. Beaumarchais. John Led-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "14 CONTENTS.\\nyard.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Decatur and Hardy.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Norwich City.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Yantic picturesque.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Uncas, the Mohegan\\nChieftain.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Norwich Town.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Fine old Trees.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Huntingtons .Page 420\\nCHAPTER XXVIII.\\nSAYBROOK.\\nOld Say brook.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Disappearance of the Yankee.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Girls.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Isaac Hull.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Harts.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Connecti-\\ncut River.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Fortress.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Diitcli Courage.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Pilgrims Experiences.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Cromwell, Hamp-\\nden, and Pym.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lady Fen wick.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 George Fenwick.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Lion Gardiner.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Old Burial-ground.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nYale College.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 The Shore, and the End 441\\nINDEX 451\\n_ -^^fe^V", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPAGE\\nPigeon Cove, Cape Ann. Fr tiipiece.\\nMap In Preface.\\nHead-piece 18\\nJacques Cartier 20\\nCaptain John Smith 21\\nPierre dii Guast, Sieur de Monts 23\\nSir Humphrey Gilbert 24\\nFac- simile of first Map en-\\ngraved in New England 25\\nTail-piece 26\\nMount Desert, from Blue Hill\\nBay 27\\nMap of Mount Desert Island 28\\nSamuel Champlain 29\\nHead of Somes s Sound 32\\nEcho Lake 33\\nCliffs, Dog Mouutain, Somes s\\nSound 3T\\nThe Stone Wall 38\\nEntrance to Somes s Sound 39\\nProfessor Agassiz 40\\nView of Eagle Lake and the\\nSea from Green Mouutain 43\\nCliffs on Bald Porcupine 44\\nSoutherly End of Newport\\nMountain, near the Sand\\nBeach 45\\nCave of the Sea, Schooner Head 46\\nCliffs at Schooner Head 47\\nDevil s Den and Schooner Head 48\\nGreat Head 51\\nThe Ovens, Saulsbury s Cove. 55\\nTail-piece 57\\nCastiue, approaching from\\nIslesboro 58\\nGeneral Henry Knox 61\\nGeneral Benjamin Lincoln 62\\nFort Point 63\\nView from Fort George 66\\nSir John Moore 67\\nFort Griffith 68\\nFort George 69\\nTail-piece 72\\nEuius of Fort Pentagoet 73\\nPine-tree Shilling 75\\nColbert 79\\nLobster Pot 85\\nTall-piece 80\\nOld Fort Frederick, Pemaquid\\nPoint 87\\nThe Land-breeze of Evening 88\\nCotton Mather 94\\nAncient Pemaquid 95\\nCharlevoix 96\\nFrench Frigate, Seventeenth\\nCentury 98\\nHutchinson 99\\nMonhegan Island 102\\nThatcher s Island Light, and\\nFog-signals, Cape Ann 103\\nGraves of Burrows and Blythe,\\nPortland 107\\nTail-piece (Burrows s Medal) 108\\nGorge, Bald Head Cliff 109\\nOld Wrecks on the Beach 112\\nThe Morning Round 119\\nWhat the Sea can do 123\\nYork Meeting-house 134\\nJail at Old York 136\\nPillory 137\\nStocks 137\\nOld Garrison House 139\\nTail-piece 140\\nPortsmouth, New Hampshire,\\nfrom Kiltery Bridge 141\\nNavy Yard, Kittery, Maine 142\\nBlock-house and Fort, Kittery\\nPoint 144\\nSir William Pepperell s House,\\nKittery Point 145\\nSir William Pepperell 146\\nKittery Point, Maine 14S\\nGovernor Langdou s Mansion,\\nPortsmouth 150\\nTail-piece 152\\nWhale s-back Light 153\\nPortsmouth and the Isles of\\nShoals (Map) 154\\nShag and Mingo Rocks, Duck\\nIsland 158\\nMeeting-house, Star Island 103\\nThe Graves, with Captain John\\nSmith s Monument, Star Isl-\\nand 165\\nGorge, Star Island 169\\nTail-piece 174\\nCliffs, White Island 175\\nBlackbeard, the Pirate 17S\\nSmutty Nose 182\\nHaley Dock and Homestead... 183\\nLedge of Rocks, Smutty Nose 186\\nSouth-east End of Appledore,\\nlooking South 187\\nDuck Island, from Appledore. 188\\nLaighton s Grave 190\\nLondoner s, from Star Island 191\\nPAGK\\nCovered Way and Light-house,\\nWhite Island 193\\nWhite Island Light 194\\nTail-piece 195\\nWentworth House, Little Har-\\nbor 196\\nPoint of Graves 197\\nOld House, Great Island 198\\nOld Tower, Newcastle 199\\nGate-way, old Fort Constitu-\\ntion 200\\nSir Thomas Wentworth, Went-\\nworth House, Little Harbor. 201\\nMarquis of Rockingham 202\\nIn the Wentworth House, Lit-\\ntle Harbor 203\\nLady Hancock s Portrait in the\\nWentworth House 204\\nGovernor Benning Wentworth. 206\\nBaron Steuben 207\\nWitch Hill, Salem 203\\nCustom-house, Salem, Massa-\\nchusetts 211\\nRebecca Nurse s House 213\\nProcter House 214\\nBirthplace of Putnam 217\\nPutnam in British Uniform.... 21S\\nEndicott Pear-tree 213\\nTail-piece (Putnam s Tavern\\nSign) 219\\nWashington Street, Salem 220\\nBirthplace of Hawthorne 221\\nShattuck House 221\\nRoom in which Hawthorne was\\nborn 222\\nThe old Witch Honse 223\\nFragment of Examination of\\nRebecca Nurse 224\\nThomas Beadle s Tavern, 1692. 225\\nInterior of First Church, Salem 227\\nIreson s House, Oakum Bay,\\nMarblehead 228\\nGreat Head 229\\nThe Churn 230\\nDrying Fish, Little Harbor 232\\nUnloading Fish 235\\nA Group of Antiques 237\\nLee Street 239\\nTucker s Wharf\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the Steps 241\\nGregory Street 242\\nLee House 245\\nTown-house and Square 247\\nSt. Michael s, Marblehead 248", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "16\\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nPACE\\nElbridge Gerry 249\\nThe Gerry mauder 250\\nOld North Congregational\\nChnrch 251\\nSamuel Tucker 252\\nGeneral Glover 253\\nFort Sewall 255\\nPowder-house, 1755 256\\nJames Lawrence 257\\nGlimpse of the Seamen s Mon-\\nument and old Burial-ground 25S\\nLone Graves 260\\nSitting, stitching in a mourn-\\nful Muse 260\\nThe Hoe, English Plymouth. 261\\nMap of Plymouth 262\\nPilgrim Hall 263\\nBrewster s Chest, and Staud-\\nish B Pot 263\\nLanding of the Pilgrims 264\\nCarver s and Brewster s Chairs 265\\nMincing Knife 265\\nPeregrine While s Cabinet 265\\nStandish s Sword 266\\nThe Old Colony Seal 267\\nMap of Plymouth Bay 269\\nChamplain s Map. Port Cape\\nSt. Louis 274\\nTail-piece 2S2\\nThe Pilgrims first Encounter.. 2S3\\nBuilding on the Site of Brad-\\nford s Mansion 284\\nSite of the Common House 286\\nThe Allyiie House 287\\nThe Joanna Davis House,\\nCole s Hill 288\\nPlymouth Rock in 1S50 289\\nThe Gurnet 296\\nWatson s House, Clark s Island 297\\nElection Kock, Clark s Island. 298\\nChurch s Sword 302\\nTail-piece 303\\nProvincetown, from the Hille.. 304\\nCohasset Narrows 305\\nHighland Light, ape Cod 306\\nWashing Fish 309\\nMuckcrcl.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 A Kaniily Group... 313\\nPond Villiigc, Cape Cod 315\\nPicking and sorting Cranber-\\nries Cupe Cod 317\\nSand-hills, I rovincetown 31S\\nLife-boat Stalir)n.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Trial of the\\nBomb and Line 321\\nTail-i)ie(o (A Sunflsli 323\\nNunluckel, from the Sea 324\\nMap of Ciipo Cod, Nantucket,\\nand Murllin s Vineyard 325\\nApproach to Martha s Vineyard 826\\nA lilt of Nantucket the Hoiinc-\\nlops 328\\nrt-GK\\nLast of the Whale-ships 332\\nWhaling in the olden Time. 333\\nWhale of the Ancients 334\\nE. Johnson s Studio, Nantucket 341\\nTail-piece 342\\nNantucket. Old Windmill,\\nlooking ocean ward 343\\nCaptured Porpoise and Black-\\nflsh 345\\nTheBlue-flsh 346\\nBlue-flshing 347\\nHomes of the Fishermen, Sias-\\ncouset 352\\nThe Sea-bluff, Siasconset 353\\nHauling a Dory over the Hills,\\nNantucket 354\\nLight -house, Sankoty Head,\\nNantucket. 355\\nTail-piece 355\\nNewport, from Fort Adams 356\\nOld Fort, Dumpling Rocks 358\\nOld-time Houses 360\\nResidence of Governor Cod-\\ndingt on, Newport, 1641 361\\nNewport State-house 363\\nCommodore Perry s House 364\\nJewish Cemetery 365\\nJews Synagogue, Newport 366\\nJudah Touro 367\\nThe Redwood Library 368\\nAbraham Redwood 369\\nThe Old Stone Mill 370\\nThe Perry Monument 371\\nTail-piece 372\\nBoat Landing 373\\nThe Beach 374\\nCliff Walk 375\\nThe Cliffs 376\\nA Newport Cottage 377\\nCharlotte Cushmau s Residence 377\\nSpouting Rock 378\\nThe Dumplings 380\\nHessian Grenadier 381\\nCoast Scene, Newport 382\\nThe Drive 383\\nPurgatory Bluff 383\\nWhitehall 384\\nWashington Park, Newport 385\\nD Estaing 386\\nEarl Howe 388\\nRochambeau 388\\nKocbani Dcau s Head-quarters 389\\nLouis XVI 389\\nMilitary Map of Rhode Island,\\n1778 39\\nLafayette 391\\nBaron Viomimil 391\\nTrinity Church, Newport 392\\nChastellux 392\\nLau/.iin 393\\nPAGE\\nMathieu Dumas 394\\nDeux-Ponts 395\\nDe Barras 395\\nLatour D Auvergne 396\\nTail-piece 397\\nGraves on the Bluff, Fort Road 398\\nTombstones, Newport Cerae-\\nteiy 399\\nPerry s Monnnieut 401\\nOliver Hazard Perry 401\\nFriends Meeting-house 402\\nGeorge Fox 403\\nCharles Lee 404\\nMount Hope 407\\nThe Glen 408\\nA Rhode Island Windmill 409\\nWilliam Barton 410\\nSilas Talbot 410\\nPrescott s Head-quarters 411\\nAgricultural Prosperity 412\\nFrom Butts s Hill, looking\\nNorth 413\\nQuaker Hill, from Butts s Hill,\\nlooking North 414\\nBattle-ground of August29,1778 414\\nKing Philip, from an old Print 415\\nInscription on Dightou Rock. 416\\nOld Leonard House, Rayuham. 419\\nNew London iu 1813 420\\nNew London Harbor, north\\nView 421\\nNew London Light 421\\nNew London in 1781 (Map) 422\\nOld Block-house, Fort Trum-\\nbull 423\\nA Light-ship on her Station. 424\\nCourt-house, New London 425\\nBishop Seabury s Monument 426\\nGroton Monument 427\\nBenedict Arnold 429\\nStorming of the Indian For-\\ntress 430\\nSilas Deane 431\\nStephen Decatur 433\\nRustic Bridge, Norwich 434\\nOld Mill, Norwich 435\\nSignatures of Uncas and his\\nSons 436\\nUncas s Monument 43T\\nArnold s Birthplace 437\\nElm-trees by the Wayside 438\\nGeneral Huntington s House 438\\nMansion of Governor Hunting-\\nton 439\\n-^ngregatioual Church 440\\n-piece 440\\ni Stuyvesant 441\\nIs- lull 444\\nA grown Memorial 440\\nTan- e 449", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nNEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS.\\nThis is the forest primeval. The mimnuring pines and the hemlocks.\\nBearded with moss, and with garments green, indistinct in the twilight,\\nStand like Druids of Old, with voices sad and prophetic.\\nStand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms.\\nLoud from its rocky caverns the deep-voiced neighboring ocean\\nSpeaks, and in accents disconsolate answers the wail of the forest.\\nLongfellow.\\nIN many respects r sea-coast of Maine is the most remarkable of New\\nEngland. It is ..ated with craggy projections, studded with harbors,\\nseamed with inlets iroad bays conduct to rivers of great volume that an-\\nnually bear her forests down to the sea. Her shores are barricaded with\\nislands, and her wate.s teem with the abundance of the seas. Seen on the\\nmap, it is a splintered, jagged, forbidding sea-board beheld with the eye\\nin a kindly season, its tawny headlands, green archipelagos, and invitmg har-\\n2", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "18 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nboi-s, infolding sites recalling the earlier efforts at European colonization,\\ncombine in a wondrous degree to win the admiration of the man of science,\\nof letters, or of leisure.\\nMaine embraces within her limits the semi-fabulous Norumbega and Ma-\\nvoshen of ancient writers. Some portion of her territory has been known\\nat various times by the names of Acadia, New France, and New England.\\nThe arms of France and of England have alternately been erected on her soil,\\nand the flags of at least four powerful states have claimed her subjection.\\nThe most numerous and warlike of the primitive New England nations were\\nseated here. Traces of French occupation are remaining in the names of St.\\nCroix, Mount Desert, Isle au Haut, and Castine, names which neither treaties\\nnor national prejudice have been quite able to eradicate.\\nThe name of Norumbega, or Norembegue, the earliest applied to New\\nEngland, is attributed to the Portuguese and Spaniards. Jean Alfonse, the\\npilot of lioberval, tlie same person who is accredited with having been first\\nto navigate the waters of Massachusetts Bay, gives them the credit of its\\ndiscovery. It is true that Marc Lescarbot, the Parisian advocate whose re-\\nlations are the foundations of so many others, was at the colony of Port\\nRoyal in the year 1006, with Pontgrave, Champlain, and De Poutrincourt.\\nThis writer discredits all of Alfonso s statement in relation to the great\\nriver and coast of Norumbega, except that part of it in which he says the\\nriver had at its entrance many islands, banks, and rocks. In this fragment\\nIVom the Yoijarjes Aventureux of Alfonse, the embouchure of the river\\nof Norumbega is placed in thirty degrees trcnte degrez and the pilot\\nstates that from thence the coast turns to the west and west-north-west for\\nmore than two hundred and fifty leagues. The most casual reader will know\\nliow to value such a relation without reference to the sarcasm of Lescarbot,\\nwhen he says, And well may he call his voyages adventurous, not for him-\\nself, who was never in the hundredth part of the places which he describes\\n(at least it is easy to conjecture so), but for those who might wish to follow\\nthe routes wliich he directs the mariner to follow. After this, liis claims to\\nbe considered the fust European navigator in Massacliusetts Bay must be re-\\nceiviil with many grains of allowance.\\nlianiplain, who remained in the country tlirough the winter of 1G05, on\\npurpose to complete his map, has this to say of the river and city of Norum-\\nbega; he is writing of the Penobscot:\\nI believe this river is tliat which several historians call Norumbcgue,\\nand uhicli tlie greater part liave written, is large and spacious, with many\\nislands; ami its cnli-ancc in luit y-lliri i and foi-ty-three and a half; and others\\nin forty-four, niurc or less, of latitude. As f^; the declination, I have neithei\\nKt (|iio passe ccUo riviere iu d lie lounic ii I Uiiest et Uuest-Noroiiesi plus dc deux cens cia-\\n(|uaiitc Iieiies, utc.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS. 19\\nread nor heard any one speak of it. They describe also a great and very\\npopulous city of natives, dexterous and skillful, having cotton cloth. I am\\nsatisfied that the major jDart of those who make mention of it have never\\nseen it, and speak fi om the hearsay evidence of those who know no more\\nthan themselves. I can well believe that there are some who have seen the\\nembouchure, for the reason that there are, in fact, many islands there, and\\nthat it lies in the latitude of forty-four degrees at its entrance, as they say\\nbut that any have entered it is not credible for they must have described\\nit in quite another manner to have removed this doubt from many people.\\nWith this protest Champlain admits the country of Norumbega to a place\\non his map of 1612.\\nIn the Histoire Universelle des Indes Occidentales^ printed at Douay in\\n1607, the author, after describing Virginia, speaks of Norumbega, its great\\nriver and beautiful city. The mouth of the river is fixed in the forty-fourth\\nand the pretended city in the forty-fifth degree, which approximates closely\\nenough to the actual latitude of the Penobscot. Tliis authority adds, that it\\nis not known li^hence the name originated, for the Indians called it Agguncia.^\\nIt also refers to the island.^well situated for fishery at the mouth of the great\\nriver. On the map of Ortelius (1603) the two countries of Norumbega and\\nNova Francia occupy what is nOw Nova Scotia and New England respect-\\nively. The only features laid down in Nova Francia by name are R. Grande\\nOrsinora, C. de laguas islas, and Montagues St. Jean. These localities\\nanswer reasonably well to as many conjectures as there are mountains,\\nstreams,, and capes in New England^ there is no projection of the coast\\ncorresponding with Cape Cod. Champlain names the River Penobscot, Pe-\\nmetegoit. By this appellation, with some trivial change in orthography,\\nit continued known to the French until its final repossession by the En-\\nglish.^\\nTurning to the painful collections of Master Hakluyt, the old preb-\\nendary of Bristol, we find Mavoshen described as a country lying to the\\nnorth and by east of Virginia, between the degrees of 43 and 45, fortie\\nleagues broad and fifty in length, lying in breadth east and west, and in\\nlength north and south. It is bordered on the east with a countrey, the peo-\\nple whereof they call Tarrantines, on the west with Epistoman, on the north\\nwith a very great wood, called Senaglecounc, and on the south with the\\nmayne ocean sea and many islands. In all these relations there is some-\\nthing of fact, but much more that is too unsubstantial for the historian s ac-\\nceptance. The voyages of the Norsemen, of De Rut, and Thevet are still a\\nThe monk Andre Thevet, who professes to have visited Norumbega River in 15r)G, says it\\nwas called by the natives Agoncy.\\nAccording to the Abbe Maurault, Pentagoet, in the Indian vocabulary, signifies a place in\\na river where there are rapids. On the authority of the History of the Abenaquis, Penobscot\\nis, where the land is stony, or covered with rocks.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "20\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndisputed and a barren field. 1 do not propose here to indulge in speculations\\nrespecting tliem.\\nFrancis I. demanded, it is said, to be shown that clause in the will of\\nAdam which disinherited\\nhim in the Xew World for\\n^M l the benefit of the Span-\\niards. Under his favor,\\nthe Florentine Verazzani\\nJ put to sea from Dieppe, in\\n4 Le Daiqyhine, in the year\\n1524. By virtue of his\\niliscoveries the French na-\\ntion claimed all the terri-\\ntory now included in Xew\\nEngland. The astute Fi-an-\\ncis followed up the clew\\nby dispatching, in 1534,\\n^^^1 Jacques Cartier in La\\nGrande Hermine. Despite\\nthe busy times in Europe,\\nnear the close of his reign,\\nHenry IV. continued to ia-\\nvor projects confirming the\\nfooting obtained by his\\npredecessors. Until 1614,\\nwhen the name of New\\nEngland first appeared on\\nSmith s map, the French\\nJACQCE3 CARTIER. J^^^ J^^,^^^. ^f ^^^^y^^^^\\nabout all that was known to the geography of its sea-board.\\nThere can now be no harm in saying that Captain John Smith was not\\nthe first to give a Christian name to New England. The Florentine Veraz-\\nzani called it, in 1524, New France, when lie traversed the coasts from the\\nthirty -fourtli parallel to Newfoundland, or Prima Vista. Sebastian Cabot\\nmay have seen it before him; but this is only conjecture, though our great-\\ngrandfathers were willing to spill their blood rather than have it called New\\nFrance. According to the Modern Universal History, Cabot confessedly\\ntook formal possession of Newfoundland and Norumbega, whence he carried\\noft* three natives. In \\\\hv \u00e2\u0096\u00a0IVieatrc I hiirersel cV Ortelins thave is a map of\\nAmrrica, ciigraxcil in 1572, and very iiiiiiutc, in which all the countries north\\nIt is curious tlint tlirce Itnlians Columbus, Cabot, and Verazzani should lead all others iu\\ntlie discoveries of tlie Amciicau coiitint iit.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS.\\n21\\nand south are entitled New France. The Englisli, says a French au-\\nthority, had as yet nothing in that country, and there is nothing set down\\non this map for them.\\nIn Mercator s atlas of 1623 is a general map of America, which calls all\\nthe territory north and south of\\nCanada New France. New En-\\ngland does not find a place on this\\nmap. Canada is down as a particu-\\nlar province. Virginia is also there.\\nCaptain John Smith s map of\\nNew England of 1614 contains\\nmany singular features. In his\\nDescription of New England,\\nprinted in 1616, the Indian names\\nare given of all their coast settle-\\nments. Prince Charles, however,\\naltered these to English names af-\\nter the book was printed. The re-\\ntention of some of them by the\\nactual settlers might be accidental,\\nbut they appear much as if scat-\\ntered at random over the paper.\\nPlimouth is where it was located six years after the date of the map.\\nYork is called Boston, and Agamenticus Snadoun Hill. Penobscot is called\\nPembrock sBay.\\nThe name of Cape Breton is said to occur on very early maps, antecedent\\neven to Cartier s voyage. A map of Henry II. is the oldest mentioned. Nu-\\nvembega is on a map in \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^Le Receuil de Eamus ms,^^^ tome iii., where there is\\nan account of a Frenchman of Dieppe, and a map made before the discovery\\nof Jean Guartier. It is asserted that the Basque and Breton fishermen\\nwere on the coast of America before the Portuguese and Spaniai ds. Baron\\nLa Hontan says, The seamen of French Biscay are known to be the most\\nable and dexterous mariners that are in the world. It is pretty certain\\nthat Cape Breton had this name before the voyages of Cartier or Cham-\\nplain. The Frenchman of Dieppe is supposed to be Thomas Aubert, whose\\ndiscovery is assigned to the year 1508.\\nThe atlas of Guillaume and John Blauw has a map of America in tome i.\\nThere is a second, entitled JSfova Belgica and Nova Anglica. New England\\nextends no farther than the Kennebec, where begins the territory of Nova\\nFrancice Pars, in which Norumbega is located. The rivers Pentagouet and\\nChouacouet (Saco) appear properly placed. The map bears certain marks in\\nCAPTAIN JOHN SMITH.\\nGiambetta Ramusio, the Venetian.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "22 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nits nomenclature, and the configuration of tlie coast, of being compiled from\\nthose of Champlain and Smith.\\nResearches made in England, France, and Holland, at the instance of Mas-\\nsachusetts and New York, liave resulted in the recovery of many manu-\\nscript fragments more or less interesting, bearing upon the question of pri-\\nority of discovery. Of these the following is not the least curious. If cre-\\ndence may be placed in the author of the Memoires pour servir d VHistoire\\nde Biepjye, Eecherches sur les Voyages et decouvertes des Navigateurs Nor-\\nmands^ and \u00e2\u0096\u00a0JSfavigateurs Fran^ais,^ the continent of America was discover-\\ned by Captain Cousin in the year 1488. Sailing from Dieppe, he Avas carried\\nwestward by a gale, and drawn by currents to an unknown coast, where he\\nsaw the mouth of a large river.\\nCousin s first officer was un etranger nomme Pin5on on Pinzon, who in-\\nstigated the men to mutiny, and was so turbulent that, on the return of the\\ncaravel, Cousin charged him before the magistrates of Dieppe Avith mutiny,\\ninsubordination, and violence. He was banished from the city, and embarked\\nfour years afterward, say the Dieppois, with Christopher Columbus, to whom\\nhe had given information of the New World.\\nIn the B lblioth eque RoyaW of Paris there is, or rather Avas, existing a\\nmanuscript (dated in 1545) entitled Cosmographie de Jean Alfonce le JCai?i-\\ntongeois. It is undoubtedly from this manuscript that Jean de Marnef and\\nDe St. Gelais compiled the Voyages Aventurexix d Alfonce Xaintongeois^\\nprinted in 1559, Avhich includes an expedition along the coast from Ncaa^-\\nfoundUuid southwardly to une baye jusques par les 42 degres, entre la No-\\nrembegue et la Fleuride, in 1543,\\nOf Jean Alfonso it is known that he Avas one of Koberval s pilots, in his\\nvoyage of 1542 to Canada, and that he returned home Avith Cartier. liober-\\nval expected to find a noith-west passage, and Jean Alfonse, Avho searched\\nthe coast for it, believed the land he saw to the southward to be part of the\\ncontinent of Asia. I lis cruise Avithin the latitude of iNIassachusctts Bay is\\nalso mentioned by Hakluyt. The claim of Alfonse to be the discoverer of\\nMassachusetts IJay has been set forth Avith due prominence.^ Alfonse and\\nChamplain Averc both IVom the same old province in the Avest of France,\\nIt goes Avillicut disptiie that the older French historians knew little or\\nChnmplnin s mnp of 1C12 is entitled Carte Geographiqve de la Novvelle France\\nFAiciTE i ar le Sievr de Champlain Saint Tongois, Cappitaine Ordinaire povr le\\nRoy en la Marine. Fakt Un 1612. AH tlie tcnitoiv from Liibrador to Cnpe Cod is em-\\nbraced in this very curious map. Some of its details will be introduced in successive chapters as\\noccasion may demand. There is another inaj) of (Mianiplaiii of W^-l^forL detailU, but of less\\nrarity than the fnst.\\nHy Hen reih^y I oorc and Jolm Koineyn Brodhead.\\n.^^assachusctts Archives, French Documents, vol. i.,]). 2( J.\\nliev. IJ. F. De Costu s Northmen in Maine.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS.\\n23\\nnotliing of Hakluyt and Purchas. So little did the affairs of the New\\nWorld engage their attention, that in the History of France, by Father\\nDaniel, printed at Amster-\\ndam in 1720, by the Com-\\npany of Jesuits, in six pon-\\nderous tomes, the discover-\\nies and settlements in New\\nFrance (Canada) occupy no\\nmore than a dozen lines.\\nCartier,Roberval,DeMonts,\\nand Champlain are mention-\\ned, and that is all.\\nWhen a vessel of the old\\nnavigators was approaching\\nthe coast, the precaution was\\ntaken of sending sailors to\\nthe mast-head. These look-\\nouts were relieved every\\ntwo hours until night-fall, at\\nM hicli time, if the land was\\nnot yet in sight, they furl-\\ned their sails so as to make\\nlittle or no way during the\\nnight. It was a matter of\\nemulation among the ship s\\ncompany who should first j\\ndiscover the land, as the 1\\npassengers usually present-\\ned the lucky one with some\\npistoles. One writer men-\\ntions that on board French\\nvessels, after sighting Cape Race, the ceremony known among us as cross-\\ning the line was performed by the old salts on the green hands, without re-\\ngard to season.\\nThe method of taking possession of a new country is thus described in\\nthe old chronicles Jacques Cartier erected a cross thirty feet high, on which\\nwas suspended a shield with the arms of France and the words Vive le RoyP\\nSir Humphrey Gilbert, in 1583, raised a pillar at Newfoundland, with a plate\\nof lead, having the queen s arms graven thereon. A turf and a twig were\\npresented to him, which he received with a hazel wand. The expression by\\nturf and twig, a symbol of actual possession of the soil and its products, is\\nstill to be met with in older New England records.\\nDouglass, the American historian, speaking of Henry IV., says, He plant-\\nFIERRE DU GUAST, SIEUK DE MONTS.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "24\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nSIB HUMPHREY GILBEKT.\\ned a colony in Canada Avhich subsists to this day. May it not long subsist\\nit is a nuisance to our North American settlements Delenda est Carthago.\\nThe insignificant attempt of Gosnold, in 1603, and the disastrous one of\\nPopham, in 1607, contributed lit-\\ntle to the knowledge of New\\nEngland. But the absence of\\nany actual possession of the soil\\ndid not prevent the exercise of\\nunworthy violence toward in-\\ntruders on the territory claimed\\nby the English crown. In 1613\\nSir Samuel Argall broke up the\\nFrench settlement begun at Mount\\nDesert in that year, opening fire\\non the unsuspecting colonists be-\\nfore he gave himself the trouble\\nof a formal summons. Those of\\nother nations fared little better, as\\nthe following recital will show\\nPurchas relates that Sir Ber-\\nnard Drake, a Devonshire knight, came to Newfoundland with a commission;\\nand having divers good ships under his command, he took many Portugal\\nships, and brought them into England as prizes.\\nSir Bernard, as was said, having taken a Portugal ship, and brought her\\ninto one of our western ports, the seamen that were therein were sent to the\\nprison adjoining the Castle of Exeter. At the next assizes held at the castle\\nthere, about the 27111 of Queen Elizabeth, when the prisoners of the county\\nwei e brought to be arraigned before Sergeant Flowerby, one of the judges\\nappointed i or this western circuit at that time, suddenly there arose such a\\nnoisf)ni( smell from the l)ar that a great inimber of jieople there present were\\nthcn-with iiifccU d wlicrcof in a cry sliort time alter died the said judge,\\nSir John Cliichester, Sir -.Vrthur Bassett, and Sir Bernard Drake, knights, and\\njustices of the ])eace there sitting on the bench; and eleven of the jury im-\\npaneled, the twelfth only escaping; with divers other persons.\\nCaj)tain John Smith says: The most northern part I was at was the Bay\\nof Penobscot, which is east and west, north and south, more than ten leagues;\\nbut such were my occasions I was constrained \\\\o be satisfied of them 1 lound\\nin the bay, that llie ri\\\\(r ran far up into the land, and was well inhabited\\nwith many people; Iml tlicy w iic iVotn their habitations, either fishing among\\nthe isles, or hunting the lakes and woods lor diH r and beavers.\\nThe bay i^ full of great islands of one, two, six, eight, or ten miles in\\nlength, which diNiilc it into many faire and excellent good harbours. On\\nthe cast of it are the Tari-anlines, their mortal enemies, where inhabit the", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "NEW ENGLAND OF THE ANCIENTS.\\n25\\nFrench, as they repovt, that live with these people as one nation or fam-\\niiy.\\nIf the English had no special reason for self gratulation in the quality of\\nthe emigrants first introduced into New England, the French have as little\\nground to value themselves. In order to people Acadia, De Monts begged\\npermission of Henri Quatre to take the vagabonds that might be collected in\\nthe cities, or wandering at large through the country. The king acceded to\\nthe request.\\nFAC-SIMILE OF FIRST MAP ENGRAVED IN NEW ENGLAND.\\nAgain, in a memoir on the state of the French plantations, the following\\npassage occurs The post of Pentagouet, being at the head of all Acadia\\non the side of Boston, appears to have been principally strengthened by the\\nsending over of men and courtesans that his majesty would have emigrate\\nthere for the purpose of marrying, so that this portion of the colony may re-\\nceive the accessions necessary to sustain it against its neighbors.\\nThese statements are supported by the testimony of the Baron La Hon-\\ntan, Avho relates that, after the reorganization of the troops in Canada, sev-\\neral ships were sent hither from France with a cargo of women of ordinary\\nreputation, under the direction of some old stale nuns, who ranged them in\\nMass. Archives, French Documents.\\nIbid.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "26\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthree classes. The vestal virgins were heaped up (if I may so speak), one\\nabove another, in three different apartments, where the bridegrooms singled\\nout their brides just as a butcher does ewes from among a flock of sheep.\\nThe sparks that wanted to be married made their addresses to the above-\\nmentioned governesses, to whom they were obliged to give an account of\\ntheir goods and estates before they were allowed to make their choice in the\\nseraglio. After the selection was made, the marriage was concluded on the\\nspot, in presence of a priest and a notary, the governor-general usually pre-\\nsenting the happy couple with some domestic animals with which to begin\\nlife anew.\\nWhen the number of historical precedents is taken into account, the su-\\nperstition long current among mariners with regard to setting sail on Friday\\nseems unaccountable. Columbus sailed from Spain on Fridaj^, discovered\\nland on Friday, and returned to Palos on Friday. Cabot discovered the\\nAmerican continent on Friday. Gosnold sailed from England on Friday,\\nmade land on Friday, and came to anchor on Friday at Exmouth. These\\ncoincidences might, it would seem, dispel, with American mariners at least,\\nsomething of the dread with which a voyage begun on that day has long\\nbeen reirarded.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT, FROM BLUE UILL BAY.\\nCHAPTER II.\\nMOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\nThere, gloomily against the sky,\\nThe Dark Isles rear their summits high\\nAnd Desert Rock, abrupt and bare,\\nLifts its gray turrets in the air.\\nWhittier.\\nISLANDS possess, of themselves, a magnetism not vouchsafed to any spot\\nof the main-land. In cutting loose from the continent a feeling of freedom\\nis at once experienced that comes spontaneously, and abides no longer than\\nyou remain an islander. You are conscious, in again setting foot on the main\\nshore, of a change, which no analysis, however subtle, will settle altogether to\\nyour liking. Upon islands the majesty and power of the ocean come home\\nto you, as in multiplying itself it pervades every fibre of your consciousness,\\ngaining in vastness as you grow in knowledge of it. On islands it is always\\npresent always roaring at your feet, or moaning at your back.\\nIslands have had no little share in the world s doings. Corsica, Elba, and\\nSt. Helena are linked together by an unbroken historical chain. Homer and\\nthe isles of Greece, Capri and Tiberius loom in the twilight of antiquity.\\nThinking on Garibaldi or Victor Hugo, the mind instinctively lodges on Ca-\\nprera or Jersey. An island was the death of Philip II., and the ruin of Napo-\\nleon. In the New World, Santo Domingo, Cuba, and Newfoundland were\\nfirst visited by Europeans.\\nThe islands of the New England coast have become beacons of lier history.\\nMount Desert, Monhegan, and the Isles of Shoals, Clark s Island, Nantucket,\\nThe Vineyard, and Rhode Island have havens where the historian or antiqua-\\nry must put in before landing on broader ground. I might name a score of", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nothers of lesser note; these are planets in our watery system. On this line\\nmany peaceful summer campaigns have been brought to a happy conclusion.\\nNot a few have described the more genial aspects of Mount Desert. It has\\nin ftict -iven employment to many busy pens and famous pencils. I am not\\naware that its wintry guise has been portrayed on paper or on canvas. The\\nvery name is instinctively associated with an idea of desolateness\\nThe gvay and tluinder-sniitten pile\\nWhich marks afar the Desert Isle.\\nChamplain was no doubt impressed by the sight of its craggy summits,\\nstripped of trees, basking their scarred and splintered steeps in a September\\nsun I have called it, he says, the Isle of Monts Deserts.\\nIn a little iKittaclie of only seven-\\nteen or eighteen tons burden, he had set\\nout on the 2d of September, 1604, from\\nSt. Croix, to explore the coast of Norum-\\nbega. Two natives accompanied him as\\nguides. The same day, as they passed\\nclose to an island four or five leagues\\nlong, their bark struck a hardly sub-\\nmerged rock, which tore a hole near the\\nAT OK MOUNT UESliKT ISLAND.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\n29\\nkeel. They either sailed around the island, or explored it by land, as the\\nstrait between it and the main-laud is described as being not more than a\\nhundred paces in\\nbreadth. The\\nland, continues the\\nFrench voyager, is\\nvery high, intersect-\\ned by passes, ap-\\npearing from the sea\\nlike seven or eight\\nmountains ranged\\nnear each other.\\nThe summits of tlie\\ngreater part of these\\nare bare of trees, be-\\ncause they are noth-\\ning but rocks. It\\nwas during this voy-\\nage, and with equal\\npertinence, Cham-\\nplain named Isle au\\nHaut.^ According\\nto Pere Biard, the\\nsavages called the\\nisland of Mount\\nDesert Pemetiq^\\nmeaning, says M. I Abbe Maurault, that which is at the head. A\\ncrowned head it appears, seen on land or sea.\\nIt is curious to observe how the embouchure of the Penobscot is on either\\nshore guarded by two such solitary ranges of mountains as the Camden and\\nMount Desert groups. They embrace about the same number of individual\\npeaks, and a})proximate neai ly enough in altitude. From Camden we may\\nskirt the shores for a hundred and fifty miles to the west and south before\\nmeeting with another eminence and then it is an isolated hill standing al-\\nmost upon the line of division between Maine and New Hampshire that is\\nencountered. On the shore of the main-land, west of Mount Desert, is Blue\\nHill, another lone mountain. Katahdin is still another astray, of grander\\nproportions, it is true, but belonging to this family of lost mountains. Al-\\nthough they appear a continuous chain when massed by distance, tlie Mount\\nSAMUEL CHAMPLAIN.\\nChamplain s Voyages, edit. 1613. Mount Desert was also made out bj the Boston colo-\\nnists of 1630. The reader is referred for materials cf Mount Desert s history to Champlain, Char-\\nlevoix, Lescarbot, Biai-d, and Purchas, vol. iv.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "30 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nDesert range is, in reality, broken into little family groups, as exhibited on\\nthe map.\\nAnother peculiarity of the Mount Desert chain is that the eastern summits\\nare the highest, terminating generally in precipitous and inaccessible cliffs.\\nI asked a village ancient his idea of the origin of these mountains, and re-\\nceived it in two words, Hove up, The cluster numbers thirteen eminences,\\nto which the title Old Thirteen may be more fitly applied than to any po-\\nlitical community of modern history. This assemblage of hills with lakes in\\ntheir laps at once recalled the Adirondack region, with some needful deduc-\\ntions for the height and nakedness of the former when compared with the\\ngreater altitudes and grand old forests of the wilderness of northern New York.\\nShould any adventurous spirit, after reading these pages, wish to see the\\nDesert Isle in all its rugged grandeur, he may do so at the cost of some tri-\\nfling inconveniences that do not fall to the lot of the summer tourist. In this\\ncase, Bangor or Bucksport will be the point of departure for a journey of from\\nthirty to forty miles by stage, I came to the island by steamboat from Bos-\\nton, which landed me at Bucksport; wiience I made my way via Ellsworth\\nto tSomesville,\\nAfter glancing at the map of the island, I chose Somesville as a central\\npoint for my excursions, because it lies at the head of the sound, that divides\\nthe island almost in two, is the point toward which all roads converge,\\nand is about equally distant fiom the harbors or places of particular resort.\\nIn summer I should have adopted the same plan until I had fully exploi ed\\nthe shores of the Sound, the mountains that are contiguous, and the western\\nhalf of the island. In twenty-lour hours the visitor may know by heart the\\nnames of the mountains, lakes, coves, and settlements, with the roads leading\\nto them; he may thereafter establish himself as convenience or fancy shall\\ndictate. At Somesville there is a comtV)rtable hostel, but tlie larger summer\\nhotels are at Bar Harbor and at South-west Harbor.\\nThe accentuation should not fall on the last, but on the first syllable of\\nDesert, although the name is almost universally mispronounced in Maine, and\\nnotably so on the island itself. Usually it is Mount De.sr// toned into Yicsert\\nby the casual po])ulation, who thus give it a curious signiticance.\\nMount Desert is one of the wardens of Penobscot Bay, interposing its bulk\\nbetween the waters of Frenchman s Bay on tlie cast ami Blue Hill Bay on\\ntlie west. A bridge unites it with the main-land in the town of Trenton,\\nwhere the opposite shores aj)proach witliiii litle-sliot of each other. This\\n]\u00c2\u00bboiMt is locally known as the Narrows. AVlieu I crossed, the tide was press-\\ning against th(i wooden pii rs, in a way to (piieUiMi the })ace, masses of newly-\\nformed ice that had tloali d out of rreiicliiiiaii s Bay with tlie morning s ebb.\\nYou get a gliuipse of Mount Desi rt in sailing up Penobscot Bay, where\\nits mountains ajtpear foreshortened into two cloudy shapes that you would\\nlail to know again. But the highest hills between Bucksport and Ellsworth", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND. 31\\ndisplay the whole range and from the latter place until the island is reached\\ntheir snow-laced sides loomed grandly in the gray mists of a December day.\\nIn this condition of the atmosphere their outlines seemed more sharply cut\\nthan when thrown against a background of clear blue sky. I counted eight\\npeaks, and then, on coming nearer, others, that at first had blended with those\\nhigher and more distant ones, detached themselves. Green Mountain will be\\nremembered as the highest of the chain, Beech and Dog mountains from their\\npeculiarity of outline. A wider break between two hills indicates where the\\nsea has driven the wedge called Somes s Sound into the side of the isle.\\nWestern Mountain terminates the range on the right Newport Mountain,\\nwith Bar Harbor at its foot, is at the oth^- extremity of the groujx In ap-\\nproaching from sea this order would appear reversed.\\nThe Somesville road is a nearly direct line drawn from the head of the\\nSound to the Narrows. Soon after passing the bridge, that to Bar Harbor\\ndiverged to the left. Crossing a strip of level land, we began the ascent of\\nTown Hill through a dark growth of cedar, fir, and other evergreen trees. A\\nlittle hamlet, wliere there is a post-ofiice, crowns the summit of Town Hill.\\nNot long after, the Sound opened into view one of those rare vistas that leave\\na picture for after remembrance. At first it seemed a lake shut in by the feet\\nof two interlocking mountains, but the vessels that lay fast-moored in the ice\\nwere plainly sea -going craft. Somesville lay beneath us, its little steeple\\npricking the frosty air. Cold, gray, and cheerless as their outward dress ap-\\npeared, the mountains had more of impressiveness, now that they were cov-\\nered from base to summit with snow. They seemed really mountains and not\\nhills, receiving an Alpine tone with their wintry vesture.\\nAfter all, a winter landscape in New England is less gloomy than in the\\nsame zone of the Mississippi Valley, where, in the total absence of evergreen-\\ntrees, nothing but long reaches of naked forest rewards the eye, which roves\\nin vain for some vantage-ground of relief. Jutting points, well Avooded with\\ndark firs, or clumps of those trees standing by the roadside, were agreeable\\nfeatures in this connection,\\nA brisk trot over the frozen road brought us to the end of the half-dozen\\nmiles that stretch between Somesville and the Narrows. The snow craunch-\\ned beneath the horses feet as we glided through the village street in a mo-\\nment more the driver drew up with a flourish beside the door of an inn which\\nbears for its ensign a name advantageously known in these latitudes. A\\nrousing fire of birchen logs blazed on the open hearth. Above the mantel\\nAvere cheap prints of the presidents, from Washington to Buchanan. I was\\nmade welcome, and thought of Shenstone w4ien he says,\\nWhoe er has travel d life s dull round,\\nWhate er his fortunes may have been,\\nMust sigh to think how oft he s found\\nLife s warmest welcome at an inn.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "32\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COxiST.\\nHEAD OF somes S SOUND.\\nAn island fourteen miles long and a dozen broad, embracinij a liundred\\nsquare miles, and traversed from end to end by mountains, is to be a])proach-\\ned with respeet. It excludes the idea of superficial observation. As the\\nmountains bar the way to the southern shores, you must often make a long\\ndetour to reacli a given ])oint, or else commit yourself to the guidance of a deer-\\npatli, or the dry bed of some mountain torrent. In summer or in autumn,\\nwith a little knowledge of woodcraft, a well-adjusted pocket-compass, and a\\nstout staff, it is practicable to enter the hills, and make your way as the red\\nhuntsnu-n were of old accustometl to do; but in winter a guide would be in-\\ndispcnsabk and you should have well-trained muscles to undertake it.\\nThe mountains have been traversed again and again by fire, destroying\\nnot tlie wood ahinc, but also the thin turf, the accumulations of years. Tiie\\nwoods are full of the evidences of these fires in the charred remains of large\\ntrees that, after the passage of the flames, have been felled by tempests. At\\na distance of five miles the present growth resembles stubble; on a nearer\\nap[)roacli it takes the appearance of underbrush and upon reaching the hills\\nyou find a young foi-est re|)airiiig the ravages nnide by fire, wind, and the\\nwoodman s axe. I iCty years ago, said ]\\\\Ir. Somes, those mountains were\\ncovered with a dark giowtli. Cedars, firs, liemlocks, and other evergreens,\\nwiili :i ihick sprinkling ol wliilc-birch, and now and then a clump of beeches,\\nmake the ])rincip;il base ibr the Ibrest of the future on Mount Desert i)ro-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\n33\\nvided always it is permitted to arrive at maturity. Hitherto the poverty or\\no-reed of the inhabitants has sacrificed every tree that was worth the labor of\\nfelling. In the neighborhood of Saulsbury s Cove there are still to be seen,\\nin inaccessible places, trees destined never to feel the axe s keen edge.\\nMine host of the village tavern, Daniel Somes, or Old Uncle Daniel, as\\nhe is known far and near, is the grandson of the first settler of the name who\\nemigrated from Gloucester, Massachusetts, and squatted here a vile\\nphrase about 1760. Abraham Somes built on the little point of land in\\nfront of the tavern-door, from which a clump of shrubs may be seen growing\\nnear the spot. Other settlers came from Cape Cod, and were located at Hull s\\nand other coves about the island. I asked my landlord if there were any\\nfamily traditions relative to the short-lived settlement of the French, or traces\\nof an occupation that might well have set his ancestors talking. He shook\\nhis gray head in emphatic negative. Had I asked him for Tam O Shanter\\nor the Brigs of Ayr, he would have given it to me stanza for stanza.\\nThere are few excursions to be made within a certain radius of Somesville\\nthat offer so much of variety and interest as that on the western side of the\\nSound, pursuing, with sijch wanderings as fancy may suggest, the well-beat-\\nen road to South-west Harbor. It is seven miles of hill and dale, lake and\\nstream, with a succession of charming views constantly unfolding themselves\\nbefore you. And here I may remark that the roads on the island are gener-\\nally good, and easily followed.\\nThe map may have so far introduced the island to the reader that he will", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "34 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nbe able to trace the route along the side of Robinson s Mountain, which is be-\\ntween the road and the Sound, with two summits of nearly equal height, ris-\\ning six hundred and forty and six hundred and eighty feet above it. At the\\nright, in descending this road, is Echo Lake, a superb piece of water, having\\nBeech Mountain at its foot. You stumble on it, as it were, unawares, and\\nenjoy the surprise all the more for it. Broad-shouldered and deep-chested\\nmountains wall in the reservoirs that have been filled by the snows melting\\nfrom their sides. There are speckled trout to be taken in Echo Lake, as\\nwell as in the pond lying in Somesville. Of course the echo is to be tried,\\neven if the mount gives back a saucy answer.\\nNext below us is Dog Mountain. It has been shut out from view until you\\nhave uncovered it in passing by the lake. Dog Mountain s eastern and high-\\nest crest is six hundred and eiglity feet in the air. How much of resemblance\\nit bears to a crouching mastifl depends in a great measure upon the imagina-\\ntion of the beholder:\\nHam. Do 3 oii see yonder cloud that s almost in shape of a camel?\\nPol. By the mass, and tis like a camel indeed.\\nHam. Methinks it is like a weasel.\\nPol. It is backed like a weasel.\\nHam. Or like a whale?\\nPol. Very like a wiiale.\\nBetween Dog and Brown s Mountain on its eastern shore the Sound has\\nforced its way for six or seven miles up into the centre of the island. At\\nthe southern foot of Dog Mountain is Fernald s Cove and Point, the sup-\\n])osed scene of the attempted settlement by the colony of Madame the Mar-\\nchioness De Gucrcheville. Mr. De Costa has christened Brown s Mount-\\nain with the name of Mansell, from Sir Robert Mansell, vice-admiral in the\\ntimes of James L and Charles I. The whole island was once called after the\\nknight, but there is a touch of retributive justice in recollecting that the\\nEnglish, in expelling the French, have in turn been e.\\\\j)elled from its nomen-\\nclature.\\nTurning now to what Prescott calls historicals for enlightenment on the\\nsubject of the colonization of .Alount Desei-t, it appears that upon the return\\nof De ^lonts to France he gave liis town of Port Royal to Jean de Poutrin-\\ncourt, whose voyage in IGOG along the coast of New England Avill be noticed\\nin future chapters. Tiie projects of De ]M(iiits liaving been overthiown by in-\\ntii jjue, and through jealousy of the exclusive rights conferred by his i)atent,\\nMadame De (iluereheville, a very charitable and i)ious lady of the court,\\neiiteri d into n( gotiation with Poul i-ineourt for the founding of Jesuit missions\\namong the sava!j:cs. Finding that Foutrincourt elainied more than he could\\nconveniently establish a right to, Madame treated directly with Du Guast, who\\nShe was one of the queen s ladies of honor, and wife of the Duke of Kocliefoucauld Liancourt.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND. 35\\nceded to her all the privileges derived by him from Henry IV. The king, in\\n1607, confirmed all except the grant of Port Royal, which was reserved to\\nPoutrinconit. The memorable year of 1610 ended the career of Henry, in\\nthe Rue de la Ferronerie. In 1611 the fathers, Pere Biard and Enemond\\nMasse, of the College d Eu, came over to Port Royal with Biencourt, the\\nyounger Poiitrincourt. During the next year an expedition under the au-\\nspices of Madame De Guercheville was prepared to follow, and, after taking\\non board the two Jesuits already at Port Royal, was to proceed to make a\\ndefinitive settlement somewhere in the Penobscot.\\nThe colonists numbered in all about thirty persons, including two other\\nJesuit fathers, named Jacques Quentin and Gilbert Du Tliet. The expedition\\nwas under the command of La Saussaye. In numbers it was about equal to\\nthe colony of Gosnold.\\nLa Saussaye arrived at Port Royal, and after taking on board the fathers,\\nBiard and Masse, continued his route. Arriving off Menan, the vessel was\\nenveloped by an impenetrable fog, which beset them for two days and nights.\\nTheir situation was one of imminent danger, from which, if the relation of the\\nPere Biard is to be believed, they were delivered by prayer. On the morn-\\ning of the third day the fog lifted, disclosing the island of Mount Desert to\\ntheir joyful eyes. The pilot landed them in a harbor on the east side of the\\nisland, where they gave thanks to God and celebrated the mass. They named\\nthe place and harbor St. Sauveur.\\nSingularly enough, it now fell out, as seven years later it happened to the\\nLeyden Pilgrims, that the pilot refused to carry them to their actual destina-\\ntion at Kadesquit, in Pentagoet River. He alleged that the voyage was\\ncompleted. After much wrangling the affair was adjusted by the appear-\\nance of friendly Indians, who conducted the fathers to their own place of\\nhabitation. ITpon viewing the spot, the colonists determined they could not\\ndo better than to settle upon it. They accordingly set about making a lodg-\\nment.^\\nThe place where the colony was established is obscured as much by the\\nrelation of Biard as by time itself The language of the narration is calcu-\\nlated to mislead, as the place is spoken of as being shut in by the large island\\nof Mount Desert. The Jesuit had undoubtedly full opportunity of becom-\\ning familiar with the locality, and his account was written after the dissolu-\\ntion of the plantation by Argall. There is little doubt they were inhabiting\\nsome part of the isle, as Champlain in general terras asserts. Meanwhile the\\ngrassy slope of Fernald s Point gains many pilgrims. The brave ecclesiastic,\\nDu Thet, could not have a nobler monument than the stately cliffs graven by\\nChamplain Mr. Shea says he was only a lay brother.\\nThis has a lesemblance to Kendiiskeag, and was probably the present Bangor.\\nCharlevoix savs the landing was on the north side of the island.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "30 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nlightning and the storm with the handwriting of the Omnipotent. The puny\\nreverberations of Argall s broadsides were as nothing compared with the ar-\\ntillery that has played upon these heights out of cloud battlements.\\nDaring the summer of 1613, Samuel Argall, learning of the presence of\\nthe French, came upon them unawares, and in true buccaneer style, A very\\nbrief and unequal conflict ensued. Du Thet stood manfully by his gun, and\\nfell, mortally wounded. Captain Flory and three others also received wounds.\\nTwo were drowned. The French then surrendered.\\nArgall s ship was called the Treasurer. Henri de Montmorency, Admiral\\nof France, demanded justice of King James for the outrage, but I doubt that\\nhe ever received it. He alleged that, besides killing several of the colonists\\nand transporting others as prisoners to Virginia, Argall had put the remain-\\nder in. a little skiff and abandoned them to the mercy of the waves. Thus\\nended the fourth attempt to colonize New England.\\nArgall, it is asserted, had the baseness to purloin the commission of La\\nSanssaye, as it favored his project of plundering the French more at his ease,\\nthe two crowns of England and France being then at peace. He was af-\\nterward knighted by King James, and became a member of the Council of\\nPlymouth, and De))uty-governor of Virginia. During a second expedition to\\nAcadia, he destroyed all traces of the colony of Madame De Guercheville. It\\nis pretty evident he was a bold, bad man, as the more his character is scanned\\nthe less there appears in it to admire.\\nBrother Du Thet, standing with smoking match beside his gun, Avas wor-\\nthy the siime pencil that has illustrated the defense of Saragossa, I marvel\\nmuch the event has not been celebrated in vei se.\\nAn enjoyable way of becoming acquainted with Somcs s Sound is to take a\\nwherry at Somesville and drift slowly down with the ebb, returning with the\\nnext flood. In some respects it is better than to be under sail, as a landing\\nis always easily made, and defiance may be bidden to head winds.\\nOne of the precipices of Dog Mountain, known as Eagle Clift has always\\nattracted the attention of the artists, as well as of all lovers of the beautifid\\nand sublime. There has been much search for treasure in the glens here-\\nabouts, directed by spiritualistic conclaves. One too credulous islander, in\\nhis fruitless delving after the jjirate Kidd s buried hoard, has squandered the\\ngoM of his own life, and is worn to a shadow.\\n^VIl(\u00e2\u0096\u00a0n sonu! one askcnl IMoll ]*itchei-, th( celebi-ated fortune-teller of Lynn,\\nto disclose the place where this same Kidd had secreted his wealth, promis-\\ning to give her half of what was recovered, the old witch exclaimed, Fool\\nif 1 knew, could I not have all myscH V Kidd s wealth must have been be-\\nyond computation. Tliere is scarcely a headland or an island from Montauk\\nto (Irand Menan which according to local tradition does not contain some\\nportion ol liis s|)oil.\\nMucli iiiliTi st is attached to the shell heaps found on Fernald s Point and", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\n37\\nat Sand Point opposite. There\\nare also such banks at liull is\\nCove and elsewhere. Indian\\nimplements are occasionally\\nmet with in these deposits. It is\\nreasonably certain that some of\\nthem are of remote antiquity.\\nWilliamson states tliat a heavy\\ngrowth of trees was found by\\nthe first settlers upon some of\\nthe shell banks in this vicin-\\nity. Associated with these\\nrelics of aboriginal occupation\\nis the print in the rock neai\\nCromwell s Cove, called the\\nIndian s Foot. It is in ap-\\npearance the impression of a\\ntolerably shaped foot, fourteen\\ninches long and two deep. The\\ncommon people are not yet\\nfreed from the superstitions\\nof two centuries ago, which\\nascribed all such accidental\\nmarks to the Evil One.\\nIn my progress by the\\nroad to South-west Harbor,\\nI was intercepted near Dog\\nMountain by a sea- turn that soon became a steady drizzle. This afford-\\ned me an opportunity of seeing some fine dissolving views: the sea-mists\\nadvancing, and enveloping the mountain-tops, cheated the imagination with\\nthe idea that the mountains were themselves receding. A storm-cloud, black\\nand threatening, drifted over Sargent s Mountain, settling bodily down upon\\nit, deploying and extending itself until the entire bulk disappeai ed behind an\\nimpenetrable curtain. It was like the stealthy ai)2 roach and quick cast of a\\nmantle over the head of an unsuspecting victim.\\nVery few were abroad in the storm, but I saw a nut-cracker and chickadee\\nmaking the best of it. I remarked that under branching spruces or fir-trees\\nthe grass was still green, and the leaves of the checker-berry bright and glossy\\nas in September. On this road admirable points of obsei vation constantly\\noccur from which to view the shifting contours of Beech and Western mount-\\nains, with the broad and level plateau extending along tlieir northern base-\\nCLIFFS, DOG MOUNTAIN, SOMES S SOUND.\\nHistory of Maine, vol. i., p. 80.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "38\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nline far to the westward. Retracing with the eye this line, you see a little\\nhamlet snugly ensconced on the hither slope of Beech Mountain, while the\\nplateau is rounded off into the bluffs rising above Eagle Lake,\\nSouth-west Harbor is usually the stranger s first introduction to Mount\\nDesert. The approach to it is consequently invested with peculiar interest\\nto all who know how to value first impressions. Its neighborhood is less\\nwild and picturesque than the eastern shores of the island, but Long Lake\\nand the western range of mountains are conveniently accessible from it;\\nwhile, by crossing or ascending the Sound, avenues are opened in every di-\\nrection to the surpassing charms of this favored corner of New England.\\nAt South-west Harbor the visitor is usually desirous of inspecting the\\nsea-wall, or cheval-de-frise of shattered rock, that skirts the shore less than\\nthree miles distant from the steamboat landing. And he may here witness\\nTUE STOISE WA1.L.\\nan impressive example of what the ocean can do. An irregular ridge of a\\nmile in length is piled with shapeless rocks, against which the sea beats with\\ntireless impetuosity.\\nFog is the bane of Mount Desert. Its frequency during the months of\\nJuly and August is an important factor in the sum of outdoor enjoyment.\\nllap|\u00c2\u00bbily, it is seldom of long continuance, as genial sunshine or light breezes\\nsoon dis|)erse it.\\nThere is, however, a weii-d sort of fascination in standing on the shore in a\\nfog. You are completely deceived as to the nearness either of objects or of\\nsounds, though the roll of the surf is nuire de))ended ui)on by expeiienced\\nears than \\\\\\\\\\\\v iog-bfU. In sailing near the land every one has noticed the\\nrecoil of sounds from the slioiv, as voices, or the beat of a steamer s ])addles.\\nC oining tlii-ough the Mussel liidge Cluuinel one unusually thi(;k morning, the\\nfog suddenly scaled up, discoveiiiig Wliite Head in unconiibrtable ju oxim-\\nity. Tht light-hou^^e keeper stood in his dooi tolling the heavy fog-bell that", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "MOUNT DESERT ISLAND.\\n39\\nENTRANCE TO SOMES S SOUND.\\nwe had believed half a mile away.\\nOur pilot gave him thanks with three\\nblasts of the steam-whistle.\\nOff the entrance to the Sound are\\nseveral islands Great Cranberry, of\\nfive hundred acres Little Cranberry, of two hundred acres and, farther in-\\nshore, Lancaster s Island, of one hundred acres. The eastern channel into the\\nSound is between the two last named. Duck Island, of about fifty acres, is\\neast of Great Cranberry; and Baker s, on which is the light-house, is the out-\\nermost of the cluster.\\nThe cranberry is indigenous to the whole extent of the Maine sea-board.\\nIt grows to perfection on the borders of wet meadows, but I have known it\\nto thrive on the upland. The culture has been found very remunerative in\\nlocalities less fixvored by nature, as at Cape Cod and on the New Jersey\\ncoast. Some attempts at cranberry culture have I ecently been made with\\ngood success at Lenioine, on the main-land, opposite Mount Desert. Blue-\\nberries are abundant on Mount Desert. I saw one young girl who had\\npicked enough in a week to bring her seven dollars. Formerly they were\\nsent off the island, but they are now in good demand at the hotels and\\nboarding-houses. In poorer families the head of it picks up a little money\\nby shore -fishing. He plants a little patch with potatoes, dressing the land\\nwith sea-weed, which costs him only the labor of gathering it. His fire-wood\\nis as cheaply procured from the neighboring forest or shore, and in the au-\\ntumn his wife and children gather berries, which are exchanged for necessa-\\nries at the stores.\\nAt the extreme southerly end of Mount Desert is Bass Harbor, with three\\nislands outlying. It is landlocked, and a well-known haven of refuge.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "llm^^^s^-.\\nPROFESSOR AGASSIZ.\\nCHAPTER III.\\nCHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESKRT.\\nYoli should have seen that long hill-range,\\nWith gaps of brightness riven\\nIIuw through each pass and hollow streamed\\nThe purpling light of heaven\\nWlIITTIKIt.\\nTTAVINC; broken tlio ico a little with the rc^ader, I sliall suppose him pres-\\nout on the most ujlorious Chi istmas morniiiL;- a New England sun ever\\nslione upon. A gi een Christmas makes a fat cliureh-yard, says an Old-\\ncountry j\u00c2\u00bbroverb; this was a wliite No el^ cloudless and bright. I saw tliat\\ntlif peruke of niy neighbor across the Sound, Sai-gent s Mountain, had been\\nI nshly powdei eil during the niglit; that the rigging of the ice-bound ci aft", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT. 41\\nharbored between us was incased in solid ice, reflecting the sunbeams like\\nburnished steel. The inscription on mine host s sign-board was blotted out\\nby the driving sleet; the brown and leafless trees stood transfigured into ob-\\njects of. wondrous beauty. I lieard the jingle of bells in the stable-yard and\\nthe stamping of feet below stairs, and then\\nI lieard nae mair, for Chanticleer\\nShook oft the pouthery snaw,\\nAnd liail d the morning with a dieer,\\nA cottage-rousing craw.\\nThe roads from Bar Harbor and from North-east Harbor unite within a\\nshort distance of Somesville, and enter the village together. Within these\\nhighways is embraced a large proportion of those picturesque features for\\nwhich the island is famed. In this area are the highest mountains, the bold-\\nest headlands, the deepest indentations of the shores. It is not for nothing,\\ntherefore, that Bar Harbor has become a favorite rendezvous of the throngs\\nTliat seek the crowd they seem to fly.\\nOn Christmas -day the road to Bar Harbor was an avenue of a winter\\npalace more sumptuous than that by the Neva. Every spray of the dark\\nevergreen trees was heavily laden with a light snow that plentifully besprin-\\nkled us in passing beneath the often overreaching branches. The stillness\\nwas unbroken. Blasted trees gaunt, withered, and hung with moss like\\nrags on the shrunken limbs of a mendicant were now incrusted with ice-\\ncrystals, that glittered like lustres on gigantic candelabra. On the top of\\nsome rounded hill there sometimes was standing the bare stem of a blasted\\npine, where it shone like the spike on a grenadier s helmet. It was a scene\\nof enchantment.\\nI saw frequent tracks where the deer had come down the mountain and\\ncrossed the road, sometimes singly, sometimes in pairs, and in search, no\\ndoubt, of water. The foot-prints of foxes, rabbits, and grouse were also com-\\nmon. During the day I met an islander who told me he had shot a fat buck\\nonly a day or two before, and that many deer wei e still haunting the mount-\\nains. Formerly, but so long ago that only tradition preserves the fact, there\\nwere black bear and moose and traces of beaver are yet to be seen in their\\ndams and houses. Red foxes and mink, and occasionally the black fox, great-\\nly valued for its fur, are taken by the hunters. In order to make the roads\\ninteresting to nocturnal travelers, rumor was talking of a panther and a wolf\\nthat had been seen within a short time.\\nIn the day when these coasts were stocked with beaver, its skin was the\\ncommon currency of the country, as well of the Indians as of the whites. It\\nwas greatly prized in Europe, and constituted the wealth of the savages of\\nnorthern New England, who were wholly unacquainted with wampum until", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "42 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nit was introduced among tlieni by the Plymouth trading-posts on the Penob-\\nscot and Kennebec.\\nThe wigwam of a rich chief would be lined with beaver-skins, and, if he\\nwere very rich, his guests were seated on packs of it. Then, as now, a suitor\\nwas not the less acceptable if he came to his mistress with plenty of beaver.\\nIt was the Indians practice to kill only two-thirds of the beaver each season,\\nleaving a third for increase. The English hunters killed all they found, rap-\\nidly exterminating an animal which the Indian believed to be jDOssessed of\\npreternatural sagacity.\\nOur road, after crossing a northern spur of Sargent s Mountain, which lifts\\nitself more than a thousand feet above the sea, led on over a succession of\\nhills. Beyond Sargent s, Green Mountain stood unveiled, with what seemed\\nthe tiniest of cottages perched on its summit. Ere long Eagle Lake lay out-\\nstretched at t])e riglit, but it was in the trance of winter. Tlie painter.\\nChurch, whose favorite ground lay about due south, christened the lake,\\ndoubtless with a palmful of water from its own bajDtismal font. The road-\\nway is thrown across its outlet where the timbers of an old mill, that some\\ntime ago hud gorged itself with the native forest, lay rotting and overthrown.\\nGreen Mountain overpeers all the others. On its summit j^ou are fifteen\\nhundred and thirty-five feet higher than the sea. On this account it was se-\\nlected as a landmark for the survey of the neighboring coasts. It is not dif-\\nficult of ascent, as the mountain road built by the surveyors is considered\\npracticable for carriages nearly or quite to the top. I had anticipated as-\\ncending it, but the new-fallen snow rendered walking difiicult, and I was\\nforced to content myself with viewing it from all sides of approach.\\nAn accjuaintance with the sierras of either half of the continent exercises a\\nrestraining infiuence in presence of an upheaval comparatively slight, yet it is\\nonly in a few favored instances that one may stand on the summits of very\\nhigli mountains and look down u])on tlie sea. New England, indeed, boasts\\ngreater elevations at some distance from her sea -coast, among Avhich the\\nMount Desert peaks would appi ar dwarfed into respectable hills. On a clear\\nday, and under conditions peculiarly favorable, a distant glimpse of Katah-\\ndin and of Mount Washington may be had from the crest of (xreen Mount-\\nain. In summer the little house is open for the refreshment of weary but ad-\\nventurous pilgrims.\\nHere I would observe that the island nomenclature is painfully at variance\\nwith whatever is suggestive of felicitous rapport with its natural character-\\nistics. The name of Mount Desert, it is true, is singularly appropriate; but\\nthen it was given l\u00c2\u00bby a Frenchman with an eye for truth iji pictui esqueness.\\nIn tlie year 17i)C, when the north half of the island was formed into a town-\\nBJiip, it was called, with sul)limated irony, Eden. Green Mountain is not more\\ngreen than its neighlxns. .\\\\t the Ovens I saw plenty of yeast, but not enough\\nto leaven the name. Schooner Head is not more apposite.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n43\\nVIEW OF EAGLE LAKE AND THE SEA FKOM GREEN MOUNTAIN.\\nJust before coming into Bar Harbor there is an excellent opportunity of\\nobserving the chister of islands to which it owes existence. These are the\\nPorcupine group, and beyond, across a broad bay, the Gouldsborough hills\\nappeared in a Christmas garb of silvery whiteness. The Porcupine Islands,\\nfour in number, lie within easy reach of the shore, Bar Island, the nearest, be-\\ning connected with the main-land at low ebb. On Bald Porcupine General\\nFremont has pitched his head-quarters. It was the sea that was fretful when\\nI looked at the islands, though they bristled with erected pines and cedars.\\nThe village at Bar Harbor is the sudden outgrowth of the necessities of a\\npopulation that comes with the roses, and vanishes with the first frosts of au-\\ntumn. It has neither form nor comeliness, though it is admirably situated\\nfor excursions to points on the eastern and southern shores of the island as\\nfar as Great Head and Otter Creek. A new hotel was building, notwithstand-\\ning the last season had not proved as remunerative as usual. I saw that pure\\nwater was brought to the harbor by a wooden aqueduct that crossed the val-\\nley on trestles, after the manner practiced in the California mining regions,\\nand there called a flume. There is a beach, with good bathing on both sides\\nof the landing, though the low temperature of the water in summer is hardly\\ncalculated for invalids.\\nFrom Bar Harbor, a road conducts by the shore, southerly, as far as Gi eat\\nHead, some five miles distant. After following this route for a long mile,", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "44\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ni:i,ii i .s ON iiAi.n ri)UC iji iNE.\\nas it seonuMl, it (livi los, tlio voad to the li-lit Icadiiio: on five Jiiilos to Otter\\nCreek, :ni\u00c2\u00abl thence to North-east I larlun-, scviii miles beyond. Excursions to\\n(ireat Head, and l. Ncwjtorl Mountain and )tter Creek, should occupy sepa-\\nrate days, as the shores are e.vtrrnu ly inlcivstinij;, and the scenery unsurpass-\\ned in the whole ranL;;e of the island.\\nin pursuini; his oxphirations at or near low-water mark, it will be best for", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n45\\nthe tourist to begin a ramble an hour before the tide has fully ebbed. The\\ntides on this coast ordinarily rise and fall about twelve feet, and in winter, as\\nI saw, frequently eighteen feet. Hence the advance and retreat of the waves\\nis not only rapid, but leaves a broader margin uncovered than in Massachu-\\nsetts Bay, Avhere there is commonly not more than eight feet of rise and fall.\\nIn many places along the arc of the shore stretching between Bar Harbor\\nand Qreat Head, the ascent to higher ground is, to say the least, difficult, and,\\nin some instances, progress is forbidden by a beetling cliff or impassable\\nchasm. As time is seldom carefully noted when one is fairly engaged in\\nsuch investigations, it is always prudent first to know your ground, and next\\nto keep a wary eye upon the stealthy approach of the sea.\\nSOUTHERLY END OF NEWPORT MOUNTAIN, NEAR THE SAND BEACH.\\nThere is a pleasant ramble by the shore to Cromwell s Cove; but here on-\\nward movement is arrested by a cliff that turns you homeward by a cross-\\npath through the fields to the road, after having whetted the appetite for\\nwhat is yet in reserve.\\nSchooner Head is reached by this road in about four miles from Bar Har-\\nbor, and three from the junction of the Otter Creek road. I walked it easily\\nin an hour. The way is walled in on the landward side by the abrupt preci-\\npices of Newport Mountain, in the sheer face of which stunted firs are niched\\nhere and there. Very mucli they soften the hard, unyielding lines and cold", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "46\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ngray of tlie crags the eye lingers kindly on their green chaplets cast about\\nthe frowning brows of wintry mountains. This morning all were Christmas-\\ntrees, and tlie ancients of the isle hung out their banners to greet the day.\\nEmerging from the Avoods at a farm-house at the head of a cove, a foot-\\npath leads to the promontory at its hither side. It is thrust a little out from\\nthe land, sheltering the cove while itself receiving the full onset of the sea.\\nAn intrusion of white rock in the seaward face is supposed by those of an im-\\naginative turn to bear some resemblance to a schooner and, in order to com-\\nplete the similitude, two flag-staifs had been erected on the top of the clifl\\nAt best, I fancy it will be found a phantom ship to lure the mariner to de-\\nstruction.\\nI did not find Schooner Head so remarkable for its height as in the evi-\\ndences everywhei e of the crushing blows it has received while battling with\\nstorms. Hard pounding this, gentlemen; but we shall see who can pound\\nlongest, said the Iron Duke at Waterloo. Here are the rents and ruins of\\nceaseless assault and repulse. The ocean is slowly but steadily advancing\\non both sides of the continent; perchance it is, after all, susceptible of calcula-\\ntion how long the land shall endure.\\nI clambered among the huge blocks of granite that nothing less than\\nsteam could now have stirred, although they had once been displaced by a\\nfew drops of water acting together. A terrible rent in the east side of the\\ncliff is locally known as the Spouting Horn. Down at its base the sea has\\nworn through the rock, leaving a low arch. At the flood, with sufficient sea\\non, and an off-shore wind, a wave rolls in through the cavity, mounts the\\nescarpment, and leaps high above the opening with a roar like the booming\\nof heavy oi-dnance. These natural curiosities are not unfrequent along the\\nihkim:u hicai).", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n47\\ncoast. There is one of considerable\\npower at Cape Arundel, Maine, that\\nI have heard when two miles from\\nthe spot. Unfortunately for the tour-\\nist, these grand displays are usual-\\nly in storms, when few care to be\\nabroad undoubtedly, the outward\\nman may be protected and the in-\\nward exalted at such times. Some\\nof the more adventurous go through\\nthe Horn I went around it.\\ni saw here a few ruminant sheep\\ngazing off upon the sea. What should\\na sheep see in the ocean\\nOn the farther side of the cove is\\na sea-cavern that has the reputation\\nof being the finest on the island.\\nWithin its gloomy recesses are rock\\npools of rare interest to the natural-\\nist. In proper season they will be\\nfound inhabited by the sea-anemone\\nand other and more debatable forms\\nof animal life. Some of these aquaria\\nI have seen are of marvelous beauty,\\nrecalling the lines,\\nFull many a gem of purest ray serene\\nThe dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear.\\nLined with mother-of-pearl and scar-\\nlet mussels, resting on beds of soft\\nsponge or purple moss -tufts, these\\nfiiiry grottoes are the favorite retreat\\nof King Crab and his myrmidons, of\\nthe star-fish and sea-urchin. Twice\\nin every twenty-four hours the basins\\nare refilled with pure sea-water, than\\nwhich nothing can be more transpar-\\nent. Strange that these rugged crags,\\nwhere the grasp of man would be loos-\\nened by the first wave, should be in-\\nstinct with life It required some\\nforce to detach a mussel from its bed,\\nand you must have recourse to your knife to remove the barnacles with\\nCLIFFS AT SCHOONER HEAD.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "48\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nDEVII S ]JEN AND SCHOONER HEAD.\\nwhicli tlie smoother rocks are incrusted. John Adams, Avhen lie first saw the\\nsea-anemone, compared it, in figure and feeling, to a young girl s breast.\\nMount Desert has been fiirailiar to two of the greatest of American natu-\\nralists. When Audubon was preparing his magnificent Birds of America,\\nlie visited the island, and I have no doubt the report of his rifie was often\\nheard echoing among the mountains or along the shores. Agassiz was also\\nhere, interrogating the rocks, ra])ping their stony knuckles with his hammer,\\nor pressing their gaunt ribs with playful familiarity. Audubon died in 1851.\\nAgassiz is more freshly lemembercd by the present generation, to whom he\\nmade the ])atlnvay of Xntural Science bright bj his genius, and pleasant, by\\nhis genuine, wliolc-licartcd bonhomie.\\nIn 1S58 the P rench Oovei nment devoted itself, with extreme solicitude, to\\nthe reorganization of the administration of the INIuseum of Natural History\\nof the Jardin des Plnntes at Paris. It appears that, in spite of a fiist refusal,\\nseveral times repeated, Agassiz at length consented to nccei)t the direction of\\nthe museum, ^i he Kinpioor, avIio had formed a personal acquaintance with\\nthe celebrati d naluralist during his sojourn in Switzerland, pursued with cus-\\ntomary ])ertinacity his favorite idea of allming ]\\\\I. Agassiz to Paris. He was\\noffered a salary of twenty-five thousand francs; and it was uiulerstood he\\nwas romised, besitU S, elevation to tlie lignity of senator, of which the ap-\\npointments were worth twenty-live thousand francs more.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT. 49\\nI have thought it fitting to give Agassiz s own report of his first introduc-\\ntion to an American public\\nWhen I came to Boston, said he, the first course which I gave had\\nfive thousand auditors, and I was obliged to divide them into two sections of\\ntwenty-five hundred each, and to repeat each lesson. This course was given\\nin the large hall of the Tremont Temple.\\nDo you think, he was asked, that in such a crowd it was the fashion\\nor the desire for instruction which dominated?\\nNo doubt, he replied, it was a serious desire for instruction. I have\\nplenty of proofs of it coming from persons belonging to the lower classes.\\nFor instance, it is usual liere to accord to persons who go out to service full\\nliberty after a certain hour in the evening, solely to go to the course of lec-\\ntures; that is made a part of the agreement. A lady who had a very strong\\ndesire to hear me, told me that it was impossible for her to do so. Her cook\\nwas the first informed of my announcement, took the initiative, and obtained\\nher promise of liberty for the hour of the evening when I taught, and left her\\nmistress to take care of the house alone. On her return she explained very\\nclearly what I had said.\\nThe slow sale of Agassiz s works in Europe decided him to pass fifteen\\nmonths in the United States; and the revolution of 1848 changed this inten-\\ntion into a parpose of permanent residence. Agassiz was tall, corpulent, bent,\\nrather by continual study than with age. His forehead was broad, high, and\\na little retreating his countenance conspicuously Swiss, by the largeness of\\nhis features, the gravity and benevolence of his expression. His hair was gray,\\nand little abundant. He spoke German and English with facility, but had to\\nsome extent unlearned his French. Although his conversation was without\\nvolubility, when he grew animated in talking upon great questions his ex-\\npression became noble and majestic. There was in him a remarkable force\\nof thought and will. He appeai-ed like a man who makes haste slowly but\\nnotwithstanding the adage, no one can withhold an involuntary astonishment\\nat the great works he has been able to achieve, Agassiz belonged to the\\nnoblesse of science and of literature. When such men die they can not be\\nsaid to leave legitimate successors.\\nMount Desert has itself produced a man of marked usefulness in David\\nWasgatt Clark, D.D., a Wesleyan divine, who was elected bishop in 1864. He\\naccomplished extensive literary labors, was intrusted with high and responsi-\\nble positions, and although a puny boy, the jest of his companions of a more ro-\\nbust mould, completed nearly threescore years of a laborious and eventful life.\\nFrom Schooner Head I pursued my way by the road to Great Head. And\\nwhile en route I should not foiget the Lynam Homestead, to which Cole,\\nChurch, GiflTord, Hart, Parsons, Warren, Bierstadt, and others renowned in\\nAmerican art have from time to time resorted to enrich their studios from\\nthe abounding wealth of the neighborhood.\\n4", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "50 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nOne of the first artists to come to the island was Fisher. Church, whose\\nname is associated with its rediscovery, did not always come for work. On\\none occasion, as leader of a merry party, he was lost on Beech Mountain, and\\npassed the night there. With rare prevision he had provided an axe, with\\nplenty of robes and wraps. At the foot of the mountain the carriage was\\nsent back to the village. Church was too good a woodman not to use his\\naxe to make a shanty of boughs, while the robes, when spread upon fragrant\\nheaps of spruce, made excellent couches for the laughing girls that were un-\\nder his protection. Meanwhile consternation reigned at Somesville. Messen-\\ngers were sent hither and thither in haste; but no tidings arrived of the ab-\\nsent ones until the next morning, when they entered the village as if nothing\\nunusual had happened.\\nGreat Head is easily found. The road we have been pursuing comes to\\nan abrupt ending at a house within a short half-mile of it. Follow the shore\\nbackward toward Schooner Head, and you will stand in presence of the bold-\\nest headland in all New England. I saw that no foot-print but my own had\\nlately jjassed that way. There was something in thus having it all to one s\\nself\\nTo appreciate Great Head one must stand underneath it but the descent,\\nalways difficult, was rendered perilous by the newly-formed ice. By dint of\\nperseverance I at last stood upon the ledge beneath, that extends out like a\\nplatform for some distance toward deep water. It was tlie right stage of the\\ntide. I looked up at the face of the cliff. It was bearded with icicles, like\\nthe Genius of Winter. Along the upper edge appeared the interlacing roots\\nof old trees grasping the scanty soil like monster talons. Stunted birches,\\nbent by storms, skirted its brow, and at sea add to its height. From top to\\nbottom the face of the cliff is a mass of haid granite, overhanging its founda-\\ntions in impending ruin, shivered and splinlered as if torn by some tremen-\\ndous explosion. I could only think of the last sketch of Delaroche.\\nThe sea rolls in great waves that overwhelm every thing wiliiin their\\nreach. More than once I started back at tlie apjn-oach of one of them. Just\\noutside tlie first line of breakers rode a flock of wild fowl, and occasionally\\nthe mournful cry of a loon, or shriller scream of a sea-gull, mingled with the\\nroar of the surf Farther out, at the distance of a mile, a wicked-looking rock\\nand ledge was flinging oft the seas, flecking its tawny flanks with foam, like a\\nwar-horse impatiently champing at his bit.\\nLooking off from (ireat Head to the eastward, the main-land is ]K rceive(l\\ntrending away until it l()s s itself in tlie ocean. ^Vt the extremity of this land\\nis Schoodic Point and Momiiain, with .Moscpiito Harbor indenting it The\\nwater between is not the true Uaye Fraiiyoise of Champlain, Lescarbot,\\nand others. The appellation belongs of right to the liay of Fuiidy, peri\u00c2\u00bbetu-\\natiiig as it does the niisadx cut iii e of Xicol;is Aiibri, one of the company of De\\n.Mollis, who was lost in tiie woods there. As this is not the onlv historie an-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "GUE.VT HEAD.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0061.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0062.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n63\\nachi onisra by many that may be met with on our coasts, I do not propose to\\nquarrel with it, the less that a Frenchman was the first white here. The name\\nhas been current tor about a century, though on old French maps it is found\\nto lie farther east.\\nThe north wind was beating down yesterday s sea, sweeping over the bil-\\nlows, and whirling their crests far away to leeward. Along the rocks the\\nfoam lay like wool-fleeces, or was whisked about, dabbling the grim face of\\nthe cliff with creamy spots. Other headlands were mailed in ice.\\nMount Desert Rock is about twenty miles south-south-east of the island,\\nand from fourteen to eighteen from the nearest land. It has a light-house,\\nbuilt upon naked, shapeless ledges. There is another on Baker s Island, off\\nthe entrance to Somes s Sound.\\nNatural sea-marks, like Great Head Cliff, are preferred by mariners to\\nartificial buoys or beacons. No one that has seen them will be likely to for-\\nget the Pan of Matanzas, or the Cabanas of Havana, Before the excellent\\nsystem inaugurated by the United States Coast Survey, trees, standing singly\\nor in groups, often gave direction how to steer on a dangerous coast. Some-\\ntimes they were lopped on one side, or made to take some peculiarity of shape\\nthat would distinguish them from all others. Thus some solitary old cedar\\nbecomes a guide-board known to all who travel on ocean highways.\\nThe next point of interest will be found at Otter Creek, which may be\\nI eached in good weatlier by sailing, by the direct road from Bar Harbor, al-\\nready mentioned, or by crossing the lower ridge of Newport Mountain from\\nGreat Head.\\nAfter a last look at the sea, which was of a dingy green, and broke angri-\\nly as far as the eye could reach in the ofling, I entered the trail that was to\\nbring me to Otter Creek.\\nNewport s southern peak was just overhead, its sharp protuberances made\\nsmooth by knobs of ice that resembled the bosses of a target. There reached\\nme occasional rapid glimpses of the sea in ascending, but I walked chiefly\\nin a dense growth that excluded all light, except when the glint of the sun\\nthrough the tree-tops fell in golden bars across my way. Prostrate and use-\\nlessly rotting was wood enough to have kept a good-sized village through\\nthe winter. The air was light and elastic. I do not think a pleasanter ram-\\nble is to be had on the island than this forest-walk.\\nO er windy hill, through clogged ravine,\\nAnd woodland paths that wound between\\nLow drooping pine-bonghs winter-weighed.\\nAt Otter Creek is a scattered settlement and an inlet of the sea, into\\nwhich the creek empties. The island traditions -say the place was once the\\nfavorite I etreat of the otter. There are cliffs to admire or study on the sea-\\nshore, and Thunder Cave is there to explore.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0063.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "54 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nIn this pocket-edition of Sonies s Sound we find ourselves once more under\\nthe sliadow of Cxreen Mountain, and upon looking back up the valley a pass\\nopens between it and Newport, through which the road finds its way to Bar\\nHarbor.\\nThe dwellings here, as elsewhere on the island, are humble, and bespeak,\\nin many instances, a near approach to poverty. In the larger villages there\\nare comfortable a.nd even substantial residences, but the impression of un-\\nthrift is associated with the proper population. The reasons are obvious.\\nThe first inhabitants got their livelihood by fishing, and formerly many ves-\\nsels were fitted out from the Sound. Perhaps not a few went for the Govern-\\nment bounty. With the failure of this industry little was left on which to\\ndepend. A scanty subsistence at most could be wrung from the soil, though\\nWilliamson, the historian of Maine, avers this was once strong and fertile in\\nthe valleys. The land, by the removal of crops Avitliout restoring the ele-\\nments essential to it, has been growing poorer year by year. A little hay is\\ncut on the uplands, and at Pretty Marsh are some hundreds of acres of salt\\nmeadow. The mountains have been stripped of their wood to the last mer-\\nchantable tree. At this unpromising juncture the island became suddenly\\nfamous, and is now among the most frequented of American summer resorts.\\nNone could be more astonished at their own prosperity than tliese islanders,\\nwho, being, as a whole and in a marked degree, incapable of apj^reciating the\\no-vandeur of the scenes with which they have from infanc)^ been familiar, look\\nwith scarce concealed disdain upon the admiration they insi)ire in others.\\nSome handsome cottages have already sprung out of the prevailing ugli-\\nness at IJar IFarbor. At Great Head a tract of considerable extent has been\\ninclosed. The star of Mount Desert is clearly in tlie ascendant, as, however\\nprudent the city man may be at home, all purse-strings are loosened at the\\nsea-side. The French ])roverb, J/ fcmt faire on se faire, is usually con-\\nstrued into the modern barbaric play or pay at the shore. Not one of these\\nworthy landlords was ever known to fall, like Vatel, on his own sword be-\\ncause there was not enough roast meat. Nevertheless, at the risk of for-\\nfeiting the reader s good opinion, I will say that there are landlords with\\nconsciences, and I have both seen and sj^okcn with such on INIount Desert.\\nAnotlier of my excursions, which afibided new entertainment with new\\nscenes, was a pedestrian jaunt from Otter C^reek to North-east Harbor. This\\nroute commands fine ocean views in the dii-cction of the entrance to the\\nSound and of the outlying islands. You first ()])en Seal Cove, and, crossing\\nthe shingle road at its head, in two miles ami a half of fiirtlier progi-ess skirt-\\ning i1k c lstern shore of the Sound, arrive at the head oi Noilh-east Harbor,\\nan inconsidci ablt village, in which Williamson conjectures La Saussaye final-\\nly landecl.\\nSeven miles inor(! along the eastern base of DrowiTs ^Mountain, in the\\nsombiv shatlows of wliicli the road nestles, brings us back to the tavern door", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0064.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "CHEISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n55\\nat Somesville. This ron l\\ncrosses a limb of Hadlock\\nPond, and is skirted foi\\nsome distance by a fiin\\ngrove of beeches. In sum\\nmer-time this part of tin\\nroute is traversed und( i\\na canopy of overarchin--\\nbranches, whose dense f\\nliage excludes all but\\nfew straggling rays thai\\nlet fall a shimmer of d\\nlicious sunlight, for tin\\nmoment glorifying all tlui\\npass beneath.\\nIt may chance that tl\\nvisitor will first pass ov( i\\nthe section already tra\\\\\\nersed in these pages or i\\nmay so foil out that he wi\\ndecide to undertake a ru\\nby the shore north of Bai\\nHarbor in advance of oth\\ner excursions. In this cas-\\nSaulsbury s Cove and tli\\nOvens become liis ob-\\njective.\\nI have already fore-\\nwarned the reader that it\\nis six or seven miles from\\nany initial point to any\\nother given point on Mount\\nDesert Island. This equal-\\nity of distance sometimes\\nmakes a choice embarrass-\\ning, since in selecting from\\ntwo routes the preference\\nis usually given to the\\nshorter. But it will some-\\ntimes happen that he will\\nfind these longer than stat-\\nute miles, or that Avhen\\npursuing his way m ith all\\nTHE OVENS, SAULSBLKY S CUVE.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0065.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "56 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nimaginable confidence, it is suddenly blocked by a mountain or a precipice.\\nThese contingencies make walking preferable. A horse is no doubt a very\\nuseful animal where there are roads.\\nIt is practicable at low tide to reach the Ovens by the beach, but as this\\ninvolves many difficulties, it is better to take the road beyond Hull s Cove,\\ntwo miles from Bar Harbor. The cove is said to have been named for a\\nbrother of General William Hull. It was resorted to quite early in the set-\\ntlement of the island. Here was the dwelling-place of the Gregoires, to\\nwhom Massachusetts ceded the whole island upon proof, exhibited in 1787,\\nthat Madame Gregoire was the lineal descendant of Cadillac, who claimed\\nunder his grant from Louis .XIV. in 1688. The meditative reader may\\nponder upon this resumption under a French title as an evidence that time\\nat last makes all things even. It would not seem inappropriate, inasmuch as\\ntwo women have had so prominent a share in the history of Mount Desert,\\nto perpetuate the names of Guercheville and Gregoire. The graves of the\\nGreo-oires may be seen near the north-east corner of the burial-ground.\\nMonsieur is asserted to have been a bon-vivant.\\nThe Ovens are caverns hollowed out by the waves in the softer masses\\nof the cliffs. When the tide is completely down a pebbly beach shelves away\\nto low-water mark. The feldspar and porphyry of which the rocks are com-\\nposed impart a cheerfulness to the walls of these grottoes more pleasing after\\ndescending into the gloomy recesses of the south shore. Near the Ovens is\\na passage driven through a projecting cliff known as Jla Mala.\\nIn passinir, the reader will give me leave to mention another woman whose\\ninfluence was felt in the affairs of Acadia. It was Henrietta, Duchesse d Or-\\nleans, and aunt of Louis XIV., who obtained the relinquishment of Acadia by\\nher husband, Charles I. of unfortunate memory, under the peace of 1632. The\\nfate of the widowed queen is involved in one of the most repulsive chapters\\nof history. According to contemporary accounts, she fell a victim to the\\nreign of the poisoners in the time of Louis. By the testimony of the Marquis\\nUangeau and other annalists of the times, the poison had been sent by the\\nChevalier De Lorraine, her lover, then in England.\\nThe reader may now complete the circuit of the island at leisure. In tak-\\ning leave of these hills, I would observe that although not every one is pos-\\nsessed of a knowledge of woodci-aft, or of the muscles of a mountaineer, it is\\nfar better to depart the beaten paths and to seek out new conquests. For my\\nown part, I may safely guarantee that in finding himself for the first time on\\nMount Desert, the visitor will bo as thoroughly surjirised as impressed in the\\npresence of natural sceiu s so proiiouiict d in character, and so unique in their\\nrelation to and environment by the sea.\\nSee Williamson, vol. i., p. 70; Hesolves of Massachusetts, July ninl November, 1787;\\nNew York C^oloniiil Documents, vol. ix., p. M. Mr. De Costa lias j-iveu a summarv of these\\nill his pleasant little book.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0066.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "CHRISTMAS ON MOUNT DESERT.\\n57\\nIn my way to and from this remote corner of New England, it was my\\nfortune to encounter a single instance of that inquisitorial propensity known\\nthe world over as Yankee curiosity. On arriving at a late hour at Ellsworth,\\nthe landlord, a great burly fellow, drew a chair close to mine, pushed his hat\\nback from his brows every body here wears his hat in the house spat in\\nthe grate, smote his knees with his big palms, and said,\\nLook a here, mister I know tan t none o my business but what might\\nyou be agoin to Mount Desart arter? And in the same breath, I m from\\nMount Desart.\\nCertes, thought I, if it s none of your business, why do you ask?\\nThe same publican afterward let a fellow -wayfarer and myself a sick\\nhorse that proved unfit to travel when we were well upon our journey. I\\nforgave him all but the making me the unwilling instrument of his cruelty to\\na dumb beast.\\nc;^^:", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0067.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "V\\nCASTINE, APPKOACHING FROM ISLESBORO.\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nCASTINE.\\nA wind came up out of the sea,\\nAnd said, O mists, make room for me.\\nLoNGFELLOAV.\\nWHOEVER lias turned over the pages of early New England history can\\nnot tail to have had his curiosity piqued by the relations of old Frencli\\nwriters respecting this extreme outpost of Frencli empire in America. The\\ntraditions of the existence of an ancient and populous city, going far beyond\\nany English attempt in this corner of the continent, are of themselves suf-\\nficient to excite the ardent pursuit of an antiquary, and to set all the busy\\nhives of historical searcliers in a buzz of excitement.\\nThat scoffer, Lescarbot, would dispose of the ancient city of Norumbega\\nas Voltaire would have disposed of the Christian religion with a sarcasm;\\nbut, if there be truth in the apothegm that seeing is believing, the fore-\\nrunners of Chami)lain came, saw, and made a note of it. Now, says the ad-\\nvocate, if that beautiful city was ever in nature, I should like to know who\\ndemolished it; for there are only a few cabins here and there, made of poles\\nand covered with the bark of trees or skins; and both habitation and river\\nare called Pemptegoet, and not Augnncia.\\nT approached the lametl river in a dense fog, in wliich the steamer cautious-\\nly threaded her way. Earth, sky, and water were (npially indistinguishable.\\nA volume of ])ent steam gushing iVotn the pipes lioarsely trumpeted our ap-\\nproach, and then streamed in a snow-white ])hime over the taflVail, and was\\nlost in the surrounding obscurity. Tiie decks were wet with the damps of\\nLescaibot, vol. ii., p. 471.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0068.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 59\\nthe movning; the few passengers stirring seemed lifeless and unsocial. Here\\nand there, as ue floated in the midst of this cloud, the paddles impatiently\\nbeating the water, were visible the topmasts of vessels at anchor, though in\\nthe dimness they seemed wonderfully like the protruding spars of so many\\nsunken craft. Hails or voices from them sounded preternaturally loud and\\ndistinct, as also did the noise of oars in fog-bewildered boats. The blast of a\\nfog-horn near or far occasionally sounded a hoarse refrain to the warning that\\nissued from the brazen throat of the Titan chained in our galley.\\nAt this instant the sun emerging from his dip into the sea, glowing with\\npower, put the mists to flight. First they parted on each side of a broad\\npathway in which sky and water re-appeared. Then, before brighter gleams,\\nthey overthrew and trampled upon each other in disorderly rout. A few\\nscattered remnants drifted into upper air and vanished; other masses clung\\nto the shores as if inclined still to dispute the field. Owl s Head light-house\\ncame out at the call of the enchanter, blinking its drowsy eyes then sunlit\\nsteeples and lofty spars glanced up and out of the fog-cloud that enveloped\\nthe city of Rockland.\\nThe vicinity of a town had been announced by cock-crowing, the rattling\\nof wheels, or occasional sound of a bell from some church-tower; but all these\\nsounds seemed to heighten the illusions produced by the fog, and to endow\\nits impalpable mass with ghostly life. Vessels under sail appeared weird and\\nspectral phantom ships, that came into view for a moment and dissolved an\\ninstant after masts, shrouds, and canvas melting away\\nAs clouds with clouds embrace.\\nRockland is a busy and enterprising place in the inchoate condition of\\ncomparative newness, and of the hurry that postpones all improvements not\\nof immediate utility. Until 1848 it had no place on the map. Back of the\\nsettled portion of Rockland is a range of dark green hills, with the easy\\nslopes and smooth contours of a limestone region. I know not if Rockland\\nwill ever be finished, for it is continually disemboweling itself, coining its\\nrock foundations, until perchance it may some day be left without a leg to\\nstand on.\\nPenobscot Bay is magnificent in a clear day. The fastidious De Monts\\nsurveyed and passed it by. Singularly enough, the French, who searched\\nthe New England coast from time to time in quest of a milder climate and\\nmore fertile soil than that of Canada, were at last compelled to abide by their\\nfirst discoveries, and inhabit a region sterile and inhospitable by comparison.\\nHad it lallen out otherwise, Quebecs and Louisburgs might have bristled\\nalong her sea-coast, if not have changed her political destiny.\\nMaine has her forests, her townships of lime, her granite islands, her seas\\nof ice all, beyond dispute, raw products. Fleets detach themselves from the\\nbanks of the Penobscot and float every year away.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0069.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "60 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nOne goes abroad for merchandise and trading,\\nAnother stays to keep his country fi om invading,\\nA third is coming home with rich and wealthy h\\\\ding.\\nHalloo! my fancie, whither wilt thou go?\\nThe sumptuous structures we erect of her granite are only so many mon-\\numents to Maine. I have seen, on the other side of the continent, a town\\nwholly built of Maine lumber. While Boston was yet smoking, her neighbor\\nwas getting ready the lumber and granite to rebuild her better than ever.\\nSo these great rivers become as mere mill-streams in the broader sense, and,\\nat need, a telegraphic order for a town or a fleet would be promptly filled.\\nThere is no corner, however remote, into which Maine enterprise does not\\npenetrate. The spirit of adventure and speculation has pushed its commerce\\neverywhere. With a deck-load of lumber, some shingles, or barrels of lime,\\nschooners of a few tons burden, and manned with three or four hands, may be\\nmet with hundreds of miles at sea, steering boldly on in search of a buyer.\\nAn English writer narrates his surprise at seeing in the latitude of Ilatteras,\\nat the very height of a terrific storm, when the sea, wreathed with foam, was\\nrolling before the gale, one of these buoyant little vessels scudding like a spir-\\nit through the mingling tempest, with steady sail and dry decks, toward the\\ndistant Bahamas.\\nRockland was formerly a part of Thomaston, and is upon ground ancient-\\nly covered by the Muscongus, or Waldo patent, which passed through the\\nownership of some personages celebrated in their day. A very hr ief I esiime\\nof this truly seignorial possession will assist the reader in forming some idea\\nof the state of the old colonial magnates. It will also account to him for the\\nnames of the counties of Knox and Lincoln.\\nPrior to the French Revolution there were distinctions in society after-\\nward unknown, the vestiges of colonial relations. Men in office, the wealthy,\\nand above all, tliose who laid claim to good descent, were the gentry in\\nthe country. Habits of life and personal adornment Avere outward indica-\\ntions of superiority. The Revolution drove the larger number of this class\\ninto exile, but there still continued to be, on the patriots side, well-defined\\nranks of society. Tliere was also a class who held large landed estates, in\\nimitation of the great proprietors of England. These persons formed a coun-\\ntry gentry, and were the great men of their respective counties. Tiiey\\nheld civil and military offices, and were members of the Great and General\\nCourt.\\nThe INIuscongus patent was gniuli d by the Council of Plymouth, in 10;30,\\nto John Beauchamp of London, and John Leverett of Boston, England. It\\nembraced a tract thirty miles scpiare, extending between the Muscongus and\\nPenobscot, being limited on the west and north by the Kennebec patent,\\nNamed for Gencnd .Inliii Thomas, of the Ucvohition.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0070.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "CASTINE.\\n61\\nmentioned hereafter as granted to our colony of Plymouth. Besides Rock-\\nland and Thomaston, the towns of Belfast, Camden, Warren, and Waldoboro\\nare within its former bounds. In 1719 the Muscongus grant was divided for\\nthe purpose of settlement into ten shares, the ten proprietors assigning two-\\nthirds of it to twenty as-\\nsociates, I have examined\\nthe stiff black-letter parch-\\nment of 1719, and glanced\\nat its pompous formalities.\\nAt this time there was not\\na house between George-\\ntown and Annapolis, ex-\\ncept on Damariscove Isl-\\nand.\\nThe Waldo family be-\\ncame in time the largest\\nowners of the patent,\\nSamuel Waldo, the brig-\\nadier, was the intimate\\nfriend of Sir William Pep-\\nperell, with whom he had\\nserved at Louisburg. They\\nwere born in the same year,\\nand died at nearly the same\\ntime. Their friendship was\\nto have perpetuated itself\\nby a match between Han-\\nnah, the brigadier s daugh-\\nter, and Andrew, the son of Sir William. After a deal of courtly correspond-\\nence that plainly enough foreshadows the bitter disappointment of the old\\nfriends, Hannah refused to marry Andrew, the scape-grace. In six weeks she\\ngave her hand, a pretty one, tis said, to Thomas Flucker, and with it went a\\nnice large slice of the patent, Flucker became the last secretary, under\\ncrown rule, of Massachusetts, He decamped Avith his friends the royalists, in\\n1776, but his daughter, Lucy, remained behind, for she had given her heart to\\nHenry Knox, the handsome young book-seller of colonial Boston, the trusted\\nfriend whom Washington caressed Avith tears when parting from his com-\\nrades of the deathless little army of 76.\\nThe old brigadier fell dead of apoplexy at the feet of Governor Pownall,\\nwhile in the act of pointing out to him the boundary of his lands. Mrs.\\nKnox, the artillerist s wife, inherited a portion of the Waldo patent, and her\\nGENEKAL IIENKY KNOX.\\nWilliamson s History of Maine.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0071.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "62\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nhusband, after the Revolution, acquired the residue by purchase. Here liis\\ntroubles began but I can not enter upon them. He built an elegant mansion\\nat Thomaston, which he called Montpelier. The house has been demolished\\nby the demands of the railway, for which one of its outbuildings now serves\\nas a station.\\nGeneral Knox involved in his personal difficulties his old comrade, General\\nLincoln, though not quite so badly as\\nMl Jefferson would make it appear\\nin his letter to Mr. Madison, in which\\nhe says, He took in General Lin-\\ncoln for one hundred and fifty thou-\\nsand dollars, which breaks him. The\\nsame writer has also recorded his\\nopinion that Knox was a fool; but\\nthe resentments of Mr. Jefferson are\\nknown to have outrun his under-\\nstanding. Through the embarrass-\\nments incurred by liis friendship,\\nGeneral Lincoln became interested\\nin the Waldo patent.\\nLincoln was about five feet nine,\\nGENERAL BENJAMIN LINCOLN. go cxtrcmely corpulcnt as to seem\\nmuch shorter than he really was. He wore his liair unpowdered, combed\\nback from his forehead, and gathered in a long cue. He had a full, round\\nface, light complexion, and blue eyes. His dress was usually a blue coat, and\\nbuff small-clothes. An enormous cocked hat, as indispensable to an old of-\\nficer of the Kevolution as to the Little Corporal, or as the capita] to the Corin-\\nthian column, completed his attire. He had been wounded in the leg in the\\nbattles with Burgoyne, and always wore boots to conceal the deformity, as\\nKnox concealed his mutilated hand in a handkerchief.\\nThis old soldier, Lincoln, who had ])assed very creditably through the\\nKevolution, was, like the fat boy in Pickwick, afliiicted with somnolency.\\nIn the old Hingham church, in conversation at table, and it is affirmed also\\nwhile driving himself in a chaise, he would fall sound asleep. During his\\ncampaign against Shays and the Massachusetts insurgents of 1780, he snored\\nand dictated between sentences. He considered this an infirmity, and his\\nfriends never ventured to speak to him of it.\\nAnother charming picture is the approach to the (.Jamden Hills. I saw\\ntheir summits peering above fog-drifts, fiung like scarfs of gossamer across\\ntheir breasts. Heavier masses sailed along the valleys, presenting a series\\nof ever- shifting, ever- dissolving views, dim and mysterious, with transient\\nJcilersoii had liis Moiilicello, Wasliingtoii liis Mount VoriKin.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0072.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 63\\nglimpses of church-spires and white cottages, or of the tops of trees curiously\\nskirting a fog -bank, Sotnetiuies you caught the warm color of the new-\\nmown lull-sides, or the outlines of nearer and greener swells. These hills are\\na noted landmark for seamen, and the last object visible at sea in leaving the\\nPenobscot. The highest of the Megunticook peaks rises more than fourteen\\nthousand feet, commanding an unsurpassed view of the bay.\\nAfter touching at Camden, the steamer continued her voyage. The ge-\\nnial warmth of the sun, with the beauty of the panorama unrolled before\\nthem, had brought the passengers to the deck to gaze and admire. I chanced\\non one family group making a lunch oiF a dry- salted fish and crackers, the\\nfemales eating with good appetites. Near by was a German, breakfasting on\\na hard-boiled egg and a thick slice of black bread. My own compatriots pre-\\nferred the most indigestible of pies and tarts, with pe a- mils d discretion. Rel-\\nics of these repasts were scattered about the decks. The good-humor and\\njollity that had returned with a few rays of sunshine led me to think on the\\ndepression caused by the long nights of an Arctic winter, as related by Frank-\\nlin, Parry, Kane, and Hays. A greeting to the sun May he never cease to\\nshine where I walk or lie\\nDriving her sharp prow onward, the boat soon entered Belfast Bay. Many\\nvessels, some of them\\nfully rigged for sea,\\nMXM-e on the stocks\\nin the ship -yards of\\nBelfast. The Duke\\nof Rochefoucauld Li-\\nancourt, during his\\nvisit in 1797, noticed\\nthat some houses were\\npainted. The town\\nthen contained the only church in the Waldo patent. As might be inferred,\\nthe name is from Belfast, Ireland\\nThe bay begins to contract above Camden, bringing its shores within the\\nmeaning of a noble river. Indeed, as far as I ascended it, the Penobscot will\\nnot lose by comparison with the Hudson. The river is considered to begin\\nat Fort Point, the site of Governor Pownall s fort. Above the flow of tide-\\nwater its volume decreases, for the Penobscot does not drain an extensive\\nregion like the St. Lawrence, nor has it such a reservoir at its source as the\\nKennebec. At Orphan Island the river divides into two channels, making\\nr\\nt\\nttSfe--\\nj_\\n^^|lral(lf- i#fflit\\nlyfeK^^\\nk/\\n^W^P ^^^KlflHSI\\nm\\nlwl=t^^p*^\\nr-^--.--^;-j ^r ^^?^~-^^T^-\\nsm\\n^^^^_:\\n---r-^\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ^^-=^=^=^^;\u00c2\u00a3^_1.\\ni uia i uiNT.\\nIts Indian name was Passageewakeag\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the place of sights, or ghosts. It contained origi-\\nnally one thousand acres, which the settlers bought of the heirs of Brigadier Waldo at two shillings\\nthe acre. Belfast was the first incorporated town on the Penobscot. It suffered severely in the\\nRevolulion from the British garrison of Castine.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0073.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "64 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\na narrow pass of extreme beauty and picturesqueness between the island and\\nthe western shore. Nowhere else, except in the Vineyard Sound, have I seen\\nsuch a movement of shipping as here. A fleet of coasters were standing wing\\nand wing through the Narrows. Tow-boats, dragging as many as a dozen\\nheavy-laden lumbermen outward-bound, came puffing down the stream. As\\nthey entered the broad reach near Fort Point, one vessel after another hoist-\\ned sail and dashed down the bay. The Narrows are commanded by Fort\\nKnox, opposite Bucksport.\\nIn coming out of Belfest we approached Brigadier s Island, from which\\nthe forest had wholly disappeared. General Knox, whose patent covered all\\nislands within three miles of the shore, offered three thousand dollars to the\\nseven farmers who then occupied it, in laud and ready money, to relinquish\\ntheir possession. Vessels were formerly built on the island, and it was fa-\\nmous for its plentiful supplies of salmon. In old times a family usually took\\nfrom ten to sixty barrels in a season, which brought in maiket eight dollars\\nthe barrel. Tlie fish were speared or taken in nets. Owners of jutting\\npoints made great captures.\\nThe shores of the river are seen fringed with weirs. Salmon, shad, ale-\\nwives, and smelts are taken in proper season, the crops of the sea succeeding\\neach other with the same certainty as those of the land. Before the begin-\\nning of the century salmon had ceased to be numerous. Their scarcity was\\nimputed to the Penobscot Indians, who destroyed them by fishing every day\\nin the year, including Sundays. This king among fishes formerly frequented\\nthe Kennebec, the Merrimac, and were even taken in Ipswich River, and the\\nsmall streams flowing into Massachusetts Bay.\\nFrom Belfast I crossed the bay by Islesboro to Castine. I confess I look-\\ned upon this famous peninsula, crowned with a fortress, furrowed with the in-\\ntrenchments of forgotten wars, deserted, by a commerce once considerable, lit-\\ntle frequented by the present generation, with an interest hardly inferior to\\nthat stimulated by the associations of any spot of ground in New England.\\nThe i)eninsula of Castine presents to view two eminences with regu-\\nlar outlines, of whicli the westernmost is the most commanding. Both are\\nsmoothly rounded, and have steep though not difticult ascents. The present\\ntown is built ah)ng the base and climbs the declivity of the eastern hill, its\\nprincipal street conducting from tlie water straight up to its crest, surmount-\\ned by the still solid ramparts of Fort George. The long occupation of the\\npeninsula has nearly dcniuled it of trees. Its external aspects belong rather\\nto the milder types of inland scenery than to the rugged grandeur of the near\\nsea-coast.\\nPassing by a bold jti omontory, on whicli the light-tower stands, the tide\\nIn 1707 there were twenty vessels owned in I enobscot Kiver, two of which were in Eiuo-\\n]ic:iii triule.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0074.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 65\\ncarries you swiftly through tlie Narrows to the anchorage before the town.\\nShips of any class may be carried into Castine, while its adjacent waters\\nwould furnish snug harbors for fleets. You have seen, as you glided by\\nthe shores, traces, more or less distinct, of the sovereignty of Louis XIV., of\\nGeorge III., and of the republic of the United States. Puritans and Jesuits,\\nHiio uenots and Papists, kings and commons, have all schemed and striven for\\nthe possession of this little corner of land. Richelieu, Mazarin, and Colbert\\nhave plotted for it Thurloe, Clarendon, and Bolingbroke have counter-plot-\\nted. It has been fought over no end of times, conquered and reconquered,\\nand is now of no more political consequence than the distant peak of Ka-\\ntahdin.\\nThere is very little appearance of business about Castine. It is delight-\\nfully lethargic. Few old houses of earlier date than the Revolution remain\\nto give the place a character of antiquity conformable with its history. Nev-\\nertheless, there are pleasant mansions, and cool, well-shaded by-ways, quiet\\nand still, in which the echo of your own footfall is the only audible sound.\\nThe peninsula, which the inhabitants call the Neck, in distinction from the\\nlarger fraction of the town, is of small extent. You may ramble all over it in\\nan afternoon.\\nIf it is a good maxim to sleep on a weighty matter, so it is M^ell to dine\\nbefore forming a judgment of a place you are visiting for the first time.\\nHaving broken bread and tasted salt, you believe yourself to have acquired\\nsome of the rights of citizenship and if you have dined well, are not indis-\\nposed to regard all you may see with a genial and not too critical an eye.\\nUpon this conviction I acted.\\nAt the tavern, the speech of the girl who waited on the table was impeded\\nby the gum she w^as chewing. While she was repeating the carte, the only\\nwords I was able to distinguish were, Raw fish and clams. As I am not\\npartial to either, I admit I was a little disconcerted, until a young man at my\\nelbow interpreted, sotto voce, the jargon into Corned fish and roast lamb.\\nAt intervals in the repast, the waiting -girl would run into the parlor and\\nbeat the keys of the piano, until recalled by energetic pounding upon the\\ntable with the haft of a knife. Below stairs I w^as present at a friendly al-\\ntercation between the landlord and maid of all work, as to whether the towel\\nfor common use had been hanging a week or only six days. But travelers,\\nsays Touchstone, must be content and he was no fool though he wore\\nmotley.\\nI ascended the hill above the town on which the Normal School is situ-\\nated, and in a few moments stood on the parapet of Fort George. And per-\\nhaps in no part of New England can a more beautiful and extensive view be\\nhad with so little trouble. It was simply enchanting. Such a combination\\nThe upper and larger part is called North Castine.\\n5", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0075.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "66\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof land and water is seldom embraced within a single coi/p dPoeil. The vis-\\nion is bounded by those portals of the bay, the Camden range on the south-\\nwest, and the heights of Mount Desert in the east. A little north of east is\\nthe solitary Blue Hill, with the windings and broad reaches of water by which\\nCastine proper is nearly isolated from the main-land. Turning still northward,\\nand now with your back to the town, you perceive Old Fort Point, where, in\\n1759, Governor Pownall built a work to command the entrance to the river.\\nFarther to the westward is Brigadier s Island, and the bay expanding three\\nleao-ues over to Belfast.\\nVIEW FROM FORT GEORGE.\\nFort George, a square, bastioned Avork, is the best preserved earth-woi-k of\\nits years in New England. A few hours would put it in a very tolerable con-\\ndition of defense. The moat, excavated down to the solid rock, is intact; the\\nesplanade hardly broken in outline. The position of the barracks, magazine,\\nand guard-house may be easily traced on the parade, though no buildings\\nnow lemain inside the fortress. The approach on three sides is by a steep\\nascent; especially is this the case on the side of the town. Each bastion was\\npierced with four embrasures. The position was of great strength, and would\\nhave l)een an ugly place to carrj^ by escalade. A matter of a few hours once\\ndetermined the ownership of Castine for England or the Colonies in arms.\\nNow let us take a walk over to the more elevated summit west of Fort\\nGeorge. Here are also evidences of military occupation in fost-perishing em-\\nbaid ments and heaps of beach pebbles. What are left of the lines look over\\ntoward the English fort and the cove between it and the main -land. A\\nbroad, level plateau of greensward extends between the two summits, over\\nwhich neither you nor I would have liked to walk in the teeth of r.ittling\\nvolleys of musketry. Yet such things have been on this very hill-top.\\ni iie story of these fortifications is drawn from one of the most disgraceful\\ncliapters of the Revolutionary war. It is of a well -conceived enterprise\\nbrought to a disastrous issue through incapacity, discord, and blundering.\\nThere are no longer susceptibilities to be wounded by the relation, thougli\\nfor many years after the v\\\\v\\\\\\\\\\\\ it was seldom spoken of save with min-\\ngled shame and indignation. Little enough is said of it in tlie newspapers\\nof the time, for it was a terrible blow to Massachusetts pride, and struck\\nhome.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0076.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "CASTINE.\\n67\\nIn June, 1779, Colonel Francis M Lean was sent from Halifax with nine\\nhundred men to seize and fortify the peninsula, then generally known as\\nPenobscot. He landed\\non the 12th of June, and\\nwith the energy and de-\\ncision of a good soldier\\nbegan the work of estab-\\nlishing himself firmly in\\nhis position.\\nIn the British ranks\\nwas one notable combat-\\nant. Captain John Moore,\\nof the Fifty-first foot, who\\nfell under the walls of Co-\\nrunna while commanding\\nthe British army in Spain.\\nAs his military career be-\\ngan in America, I may\\nnarrate an incident illus-\\ntrating his remarkable\\npopularity with his sol-\\ndiers. In 1799, at Egmont-\\nop-zee, the Ninety-second\\nfiercely charged a French\\nbrigade. A terrific vielee ensued, in which the French were forced to retreat.\\nIn the midst of the combat two soldiers of the Ninety-second discovered Gen-\\neral Moore lying on his face, apparently dead for he was wounded and uncon-\\nscious. Here is the general; let us take him away, said one of them, and,\\nsuiting the action to the word, they bore him to the rear. The general offer-\\ned a reward of twenty pounds; but could never discover either of the sol-\\ndiers who had aided him. Moore s death inspired Wolfe s admired lines,\\npronounced by Lord Byron the most perfect ode in the language\\nNot a drum was heard, not a funeral note,\\nAs his corpse to the rampart we hurried;\\nNot a soldier discharged his farewell shot\\nO er the grave where our hero we buried.\\nMoore, said Napoleon, was a brave soldier, an excellent officer, and a\\nman of talent. He made a few mistakes, inseparable, perhaps, from the difii-\\nculties with which he was surrounded. Beimr reminded that Moore was al-\\nIK JOHN MOOKE.\\nCastine was not incorporated under its present name until 1796. The Indian name of the\\npeninsula was Bagaduce, or Biguyduce.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0077.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "68\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nways in the front of battle, and generally unfortunate enough to be wounded,\\nlie added, Ah it is necessary sometimes. He died gloriously; he died like\\na soldier.\\nGreat alarm was produced by M Lean s bold dash. Immediate applica-\\ntion was made to Massachusetts, of which Maine still formed a pait, for aid\\nto expel the invader.\\nHancock was then\\ngovernor. General\\nGates commanded the\\nEastern Department,\\nwith head-quarters at\\nProvidence. The Mas-\\nsachusetts rulers put\\ntheir heads together,\\nFORT GKiFFiTH. thinking ou the\\nbrilliant achievement of their fathers at Louisburg in 1745, resolved to em-\\nulate it. They raised a large land and naval force with the utmost ex-\\npedition, laying an embargo for forty days in order to man their fleet with\\nsailors. General Gates was neither consulted nor applied to for the Con-\\ntinental troops under his orders.\\nThe Massachusetts armament appeared off Penobscot on the 25th of July.\\nThe army was commanded by Solomon Lovell, the fleet by Captain Salton-\\nstall, of the Warren, a flue new Continental frigate of thirty-two guns. Peleg\\nWadsworth was second in command to Lovell Paul Revere, whom Longfel-\\nlow has inimortalized, had charge of the artillery. The land forces did not\\nnumber more than twelve hundred men, but might be augmented to fifteen\\nhundred or more with marines from the fleet. These troops wei e militia, and\\nliad only once paraded together under arms. The flotilla was formidable in\\nappearance and in the number of guns it carried, but lacked unity and dis-\\ncipline (piite as much as the army. Plenty of courage and plenty of means\\ndo not nuxke soldiers or win battles.\\njNl Lean had received intelligeiu-e of the sailing of the Massachusetts ar-\\nmada. His fort was not yet capable of defense. Two bastions were not be-\\ngun; the two renniining, witli tiie cui-tains, had not been I aised moi e than\\n(our or live feet, and he hatl not a single gun mounted. Captain Mowatt of\\ndetestable memory, with three Hritish vessels of small force, was in the har-\\nbor. Ife took a poritioN to prevent a landing on the south side of the jienin-\\nsula. A deep trench was cut across the isthmus connecting with the main-\\nland, securing that passage. No laiuling could be efl ected except beneath\\nthe precipice, two huiidicd feet high, on llic west. IM Lean dispatched a mes-\\nsenger to Haliiax, and redoubled his ellbrts to strengthen his fort.\\nCiordoii, vol. iii., p. 150-i.\\n\\\\;i\\\\\\\\ who (.leslroved Faliiioutli, now I orllaiul.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0078.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "CASTINE.\\n69\\nOn the third day after their arrival the Americans succeeded in landing,\\nand, after a gallant fight, gained the heights. This action an augury, it would\\nseem, of good success to the assailants, for the enemy had every advantage\\nof position and knowledge of the ground is the single crumb of comfort to\\nbe drawn from the annals of the expedition. Captain Moore was in this af-\\nfair.\\nInstead of pursuing his advantage, General Lovell took a position within\\nseven hundred and fif.\\nty yards of the ene-\\nmy s works, and be-\\ngan to intrench. There\\nwas fatal disagreement\\nbetween the general\\nand Saltonstall. The\\nsum of the matter was\\nthat Lovell, fearing to\\nattack with his pres-\\nent force, sent to Bos-\\nton for re enforce-\\nments. Then General\\nGates was applied to\\nfor help. Two weeks\\npassed in regular ap-\\nproaches on Lovell s\\npart, and in exertions\\nby M Lean to render his fort impregnable. At the end of this time, Sir\\nGeorge Collier arrived from New York wMth a fleet, and raised the siege.\\nGeneral Lovell says the army under his orders had very short notice of the\\narrival of this force, by reason of a fog that prevented its being seen until its\\nnear approach. The land forces succeeded in gaining the western shore of\\nthe river at various points, but had then to make their way through a wilder-\\nness to the settlements on the Kennebec. The fleet of Saltonstall was either\\ndestroyed or captured.\\nIt was not long after the complete dispersion of the ill-starred Penobscot\\nexpedition that General Peleg Wadsworth succeeded in entering the British\\nfort on the hill at Bagaduce. He had more difiiculty in leaving it.\\nAfter the disbanding of his militia, the general made his quarters at\\nThomaston, where he lived Avith his wife in apparent security. A young lady\\nnamed Fenno and a guard of six militia-men completed his garrison. Gen-\\neral Campbell, commanding at Bagaduce, was well informed of Wadsworth s\\ndefenseless condition, and resolved to send him an invitation to come and re-\\nside in the fortress. A lieutenant and twenty-five men arrived at dead of\\nnicrht with the messao-e at Wadsworth s house. The sentinel challenged and\\nFORT GEORGE.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0079.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "70 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfled. General Wadsworth defended himself with Spartan bravery. Armed\\nwith a brace of pistols, a fusee, and a bhinderbuss, he fought his assailants\\naway from his windows and the door, through which they liad followed the\\nretreating sentinel. In his sliirt, with his bayonet only, he disdained to yield\\nfor some time longer, until a shot disabled his left arm. Then, with five or\\nsix men lying wounded around him, the windows shattered, and the house on\\nfire, Peleg Wadsworth was able to say, I surrender. They took him, ex-\\nhausted with his exertions and benumbed with cold, to the fort, where he was\\nkept close prisoner. Some time after. Major Burton, who had served with the\\ngeneral, was also made prisoner, and lodged in the same room with him.\\nWadsworth applied for a parole. It was refused. Governor Hancock sent\\na cartel with an oifer of exchange. It was denied. One day he was visited\\nby Miss Fenno, who in live words gave hira to know he was to be detained\\ntill the end of the war. Peleg Wadsworth then resolved to escape.\\nThe prisoners were confined in a room of the officers quarters, the win-\\ndow grated, the door provided with a sash, through which the sentinel, con-\\nstantly on duty in the passage, could look into the room as he paced on his\\nround. At either end of this passage was a door, opening upon the parade\\nof the fort, at wliich other sentinels were posted. At sunset the gates wei e\\nclosed, and the number of sentinels on the parapet increased. A picket was\\nalso stationed at the narrow isthmus connecting with the main-land.\\nThese were not all the difficulties in their way, Sui)posing them able to\\npass the sentinels in the passage and at the outer door of their quarters, they\\nmust then cross the open space and ascend the wall under the eye of the\\nguards posted on the parapet. Admitting the summit of the rampart gained,\\nthe exterior wall Avas defended with strong pickets driven obliquely into the\\nearthen wall of the fort. From this point was a sheer descent of twenty feet\\nto tiie bottom of the ditch. Arrived here, the fugitives must ascend the coun-\\nterscarp, and cross the chevau.t-de-frise with which it was furnished. They\\nwere then witliout the fortress, with no possible means of gaining their free-\\ndom except by water. To elude the picket at the Neck was not to be\\nthought of.\\nThe prisoners room was ceiled with pine boards. Upon some pretext\\nthey procured a gimlet of a servant, with which they perforated a board so\\nas to make an aperture sufficiently huge to admit the body of a man. The\\ninterstices were cut through with a penknife, leaving the corners intact until\\ntlie moment for action should arrive. TIk y then filled the holes with bread,\\nand carefully removed the dust fiotn tlic iloor. This work had to be exe-\\ncuted while the sentinel traverstMl ;i (listancc ((iiial to twice the depth of their\\nown room. The prisoners paced their fiooi keeping sti j) with the sentry;\\nand as soon as he had jKissed liy, Uiirton, who was tlii taller, and coidd reach\\nthe ceiling, commenced work, uiiile ;nlswoiili walked on. On the approach\\nof the soldier liurton (piiekly njoined his compauit^n. Three w eeks were re-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0080.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "(JASTINE. -71\\nquired to execute this task. Each was provided with a blanket and a stvons:\\nstaff, sharpened at the end. For food they kept their crusts and dried bits of\\ntheir meat. Tliey waited until one night when a violent thunder-storm swept\\nover the peninsula. It became intensely dark. The rain fell in torrents upon\\nthe roof of the barracks. The moment for action had come.\\nThe prisoners undressed themselves as usual, and went to bed, observed\\nby tlie sentinel. They then extinguished their candle, and quickly arose.\\nTheir plan was to gain the vacant space above their room, creeping along\\nthe joists until they reached the passage next beyond, which they knew to\\nbe unguarded. Thence they were to make their way to the north bastion,\\nacting as circumstances might determine.\\nBurton was the first to pass through the opening. He had advanced bnt\\na little way before he encountered a flock of fowls, whose roost he had in-\\nvaded, Wadsworth listened with breathless anxiety to the cackling that\\napprised him for the first time of this new danger. At length it ceased with-\\nout having attracted the attention of the guards, and the general with diffi-\\nculty ascended in his turn. He passed over the distance to the gallery un-\\nnoticed, and gained the outside by the door that Burton had left open. Feel-\\ning his way along the wall of the barracks to the western side, he made a\\nbold push for the embankment, gaining the rampart by an oblique path. At\\nthis moment the door of the guard-house was flung open, and a voice ex-\\nclaimed, Relief, turn out Fortunately the guard passed without seeing the\\nfugitive. He reached the bastion agreed upon as a rendezvous, but Burton\\nwas not there. No time was to be lost. Securing his blanket to a picket,\\nhe lowered himself as far as it would permit, and dropped without accident\\ninto the ditch. From here he passed softly out by the water- course, and\\nstood in the open air without the fort. It being low tide, the general waded\\nthe cove to the main-land, and made the best of his way up the river. In the\\nmorning he was rejoined by his companion, and both, after exertions that ex-\\nacted all their fortitude, gained the opposite shore of the Penobscot in safety.\\nTheir evasion is like a romance of the Bastile in the day of Richelieu.\\nThe gallant old general removed to Falmouth, now Portland. One of his\\nsons, an uitrepid spirit, was killed by the explosion of a fire-ship before Trip-\\noli, in which he was a volunteer. A daughter married Hon. Stephen Long-\\nfellow, of Portland, father of the poet.\\nWhen the corps cVarmee of Rochambeau was at Newport, the French\\ngeneral conceived the idea of sending an expedition to recapture Penob-\\nscot, and solicited the consent of Washington to do so. The French officers\\nmuch preferred acting on an independent Hue, but the proposal was wisely\\nnegatived by the commander in chief The man to whom Rochambeau ex-\\npected to intrust the naval operations was La Peyrousc, the distinguished\\nbut ill-fated navigator.\\nOther earth-works besides those already mentioned may be traced. Two", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0081.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "72 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsmall batteries that guarded the approaches on the side of the cove are dis-\\ntinct. Some of these works were renovated during the reoccupation of Cas-\\ntine by the British in 1812. Others seen on the shores of the harbor are of\\nmore recent date.\\nA speaking reminder of by -gone strife is an old cannon, lying on the\\ngreensward imder the walls of Fort George, of whose grim muzzle school-\\ngirls were wont to make a post-office. There was poetry in the conceit.\\nNever before had it been so delicately charged, though I have known a per-\\nfumed billet-doux do more damage than this fellow, double-shotted and at\\npoint-blank, might effect.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0082.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "RUINS OF FORT PENTAGOET, CASTINE.\\nCHAPTER Y.\\nCASTixE continued.\\nBaron Castine of St. Castine\\nHas left his chateau in the Pyrenees,\\nAnd sailed across the western seas.\\nLongfellow.\\nI CONFESS I would rather stand in presence of the Pyramids, or walk in\\nthe streets of buried Pompeii, than assist at the unwrapping of many flesh-\\nless bodies. No other medium than the material eye can grasp a fact with\\nthe same distinctness. It becomes rooted, and you may hang your legends or\\ntraditions on its branches. It is true there is a class who journey from Dan\\nto Beersheba, finding all barren but the average American, though far from\\nunappreciative, too often makes a business of his recreation, and devours in\\nan hour what might be viewed with advantage in a week or a month.\\nAfter this frank declaration, the reader will not expect me to hurry him\\nthrough a place that contains so much of the crust of antiquity as Castine,\\nand is linked in with the Old-world chronicles of a period of surpassing in-\\nterest, both in history and romance.\\nVery little of the fort of the Baron Castin and his predecessors, yet\\nenough to reward the research of the stranger, is to be seen on the margin of\\nthe shore of the harbor, less than half a mile from the central portion of the\\ntown. The grass-grown ramparts have sunk too low to be distinguished from\\nthe water in passing, but are evident to a person standing on the ground it-\\nself. Not many years will elapse before these indistinct traces are wholly\\nobliterated.\\nThe bank here is not much elevated above high-water mark, while at the\\nwharves it rises to a higher level, and is ascended by stairs. The old fort was\\nIn 1759 Governor Pownall took possession of the peninsula of Castine, and hoisted the En-\\nglish flag on the fort. He found the settlement deserted and in ruins. Gov. Pownall s Journal.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0083.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "74 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nplaced near the narrowest part of the harbor, witli a firm pehbly beach before\\nit. Small boats may land directly under the walls of the work at high tide,\\nor lie protected by the curvature of the shore from the heavy seas rolling in\\nfrom the outer harbor. The high hills over which we were rambling in the\\npreceding chapter ward off the northern winds.\\nA portion of the ground covered by old Fort Pentagoet is now occupied\\nby buildings, a barn standing within the circumvallation, and the dwelling\\not Mr. Webb between the shore and the road. A little stream of sweet water\\ntrickles along the south-west face of the work, and then loses itself among\\nthe pebbles of the beach.\\nFort Pentagoet, at its rendition by Sir Tliomas Temple, in 1670, after the\\ntreaty of Breda, was a rectangular work with four bastions. The height of\\nthe curtains within was eight feet. On entering the fort a corjys de garde,\\ntwelve jjaces long and six broad, stood at the left, with a logis, or quarter, on\\nthe opposite side of the entrance. On the left side were also two store-houses,\\neach thirty-six paces long by twelve in breadth, covered with shingles. Un-\\nderneath the store-houses was a cellar of about half their extent, in which a\\nwell had been sunk. Above the entrance was a turret, built of timber, plas-\\ntered with clay, and furnished with a bell. At the right hand was a bai rack\\nof the same length and breadth as the store-houses, and built of stone. Sixty\\npaces from the fort was a cabin of planks, in which the cattle were housed\\nand at some distance farther was a garden in good condition, having fruit-\\ntrees. There were mounted on the ramparts six six-pounder and two four-\\npounder iron cannon, with two culverins. Six other pieces were lying, useless\\nand dismounted, on the parapet. Overlooking the sea and detached from the\\nfort was a platform, with two iron eight-pounders in position.\\nThe occupant of the nearest house told me an oven constructed of flat\\nslate-stones was discovered in an angle of the work; also that shot had been\\npicked up on the beach, and a tomahawk and stone ])ipe taken from the well.\\nThe whole ground has been exploi ed with the divining-rod, as well within\\nas without the fort, for treasure-trove; tiiough little oi- nothing rewarded\\nthe search, except the discovery of a subterranean passage opening at the\\nshore.\\nThese examinations were no doubt whetted by an extraordinary piece of\\ngood luck that befell farmer Stej)hen (4rindle, while hauling wood from a\\nroekv hill-side on the ])()int at the second narrows of J^agaduce liiver, about\\nsix miles I roni Cast i lie ]ien insula. In 1 S4() this woi tli} liusbamlinan saw a shin-\\ning object lying in the tiaek of his oxen. He stooped and ))icked uj) a silver\\n(;oin, as Inight as if strnek within a twelvemonth. On looking at the date, he\\nfoiiml it to be two hundretl years old. l- arther search was i-ewarded by the\\ndiscovery of-several other pieces. A fall of snow interrupted the farmer s in-\\nvestigations until the next spring, when, in or near an old trail leading across\\nthe point, frequented by the Indians from immemorial time, some seven hun-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0084.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 75\\n(Irc d coins of the nominal valno of four hundred dollars were unearthed near\\nthe surface. All the pieces were of silver.\\nThe honest farmer kept his own counsel, using his treasure from time to\\ntime to pay his store bills in the town, dollar v^f^^P T\\\\? ^*\u00c2\u00ab=te.\\nfor dollar, accounting one of Master Hull s /^\u00c2\u00a7}i\u00c2\u00a7,^^ ^\u00e2\u0082\u00acc\\\\\\npine-tree shillings at a shilling. The store- /^#^^^\u00c2\u00b0?5a\\\\lr^^/lt 5S\u00c2\u00a5^\\nkeepers readily accepted the exchange at 1^ %**5p#, i^/ 5.^=^1 ^ilil\\nthe farmer s valuation; but the possession ^y ?^!^T^f\\nof such a priceless collection was soon betray- ^..Ji! *:c.oi;.=.\\ned by its circulation abroad. pine-tree shilling.\\nDr. Joseph L. Stevens, the esteemed antiquary of Castine, of whom I had\\nthese particulars, exhibited to me a number of the coins. They would have\\nmade a numismatist s mouth water. French ecus, Portuguese and Spanish\\npieces-of-eight, Bremen dollars, piasters, and cob-money,* clipped and battered,\\nwith illegible dates, but inelodious ring, cliinked in better fellowship than the\\nsovereigns whose effigies they bore had lived in. A single gold coin, the only\\none found in the neighborhood of Castine, Avas picked up on the beach oppo-\\nsite the fort.^\\nThe theory of the presence of so large a sum on the spot where it was\\nfound is that when Castin was driven from the fort by Colonel Church, in\\n1704, these coins were left by some of his party in their retreat, where they\\nremained undiscovered for more than a century and a quarter. Or it may\\nhave been the hoard of one of the two countrymen of Castin, who, he says,\\nwere living two miles from him in 1687.\\nTlie detail of old Fort Pentagoet just given is believed to describe the\\nplace as it had existed since 1654, when captured by the colony forces of Mas-\\nsachusetts. General Sedgwick then spoke of it as a small fort, yet very\\nstrong, and a very well composed peese, with eight j^eese of ordnance, one\\nThe clumsy, shapeless coinage, both of gold and silver, called in Mexico mdquina de papa,\\nlotey cruz windmill and cross-money and in this country by the briefer appellation of cobs.\\nThese were of the lawful standards, or nearly so, but scarcely deserved the name of coin, being\\nrather lumps of bullion flattened and impressed by a hammer, the edge presenting every variety of\\nform except that of a circle, and affording ample scope for the practice of clipping notwithstand-\\ning they are generally found, even to this day, Avithin a few grains of lawful weight. They are\\ngenerally about a century old, but some are dated as late as 1770. They are distinguished by a\\nlarge cross, of which the four arms are equal in length, and loaded at the ends. The date general-\\nly omits tlie thousandth place; so that 736, for example, is to be read 1736. The letters PLVS\\nVLTRA {plus ultra) are crowded in without attention to order. These coius were formerly\\nbrought here in large quantities for recoinage, but have now become scarce. William E. Du-\\nbois, United States Mint.\\nI think the name of cob was applied to money earlier than the date given by Mr. Dubois.\\nIts derivation is uncertain, but was probably either lump, or from the Welsh, for thump,\\ni. e., struck money.\\nOn an old map of unknown date Castin s houses are located here.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0085.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "76 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nbrass, three murtherers, about eighteen barrels of powder, and eighteen men\\nin garrison.\\nIt would require a volume to set forth in extenso the annals of these\\nmounds, scarce lifted above the surface of the surrounding plateau. But to\\narouse the reader s curiosity without an endeavor to gratify it were indeed\\nchurlish. I submit, therefore, with the brevity, and I hope also the simplicity,\\nthat should characterize the historic style, the essence of the matter as it has\\ndropped from ray alembic.\\nThe reader is referred to what is already narrated of Xorumbega for the\\nearliest knowledge of the Penobscot by white men. The first vessel that as-\\ncended the river was probably the bark of Du Guast, Sieur de Monts, in the\\nyear 1604. De Poutrincourt was there in the year 1606.*\\nNo establishment appears to have been begun on the Bagaduce peninsula\\nuntil our colonists of New Plymouth fixed upon it for the site of a trading-\\npost, about 1629.^ Here they erected a house, defended, probably, after the\\nfashion of the time, with palisades, loop-holed for musketry. They Avere a\\nlono- way from home, and had need to keep a wary eye abroad. Governor\\nBradford mentions that the house was robbed by some Isle of Rhe genlle-\\nmen in 1632.\\nThe Plymouth people kept possession imtil 1635, Avhen they were dispos-\\nsessed by an expedition sent from La Have, in Acadia, commanded by the\\nChevalier Charles de Menou, or, as he is usually styled, D Aulnay Charnisay.\\nThe chevalier s orders from Pazilly, who had then the general command in\\nCanada, Avere to expel all the English as far as Pemaquid.\\nPlymouth Colony endeavored to retake the place by force. A large ship\\nfor that day, the Ilope^ of Ipswich, England, Girling commander, was fitted\\nout, and attacked the post in such a disorderly, unskillful manner that Gir-\\nling expended his ammunition before having made the least impression,\\nStandish, the redoubtable, was there in a small bark, fuming at the incompe-\\ntency of tlie commander of the Ifopc, who had been hired to do the job for so\\nmuch beaver if he succeeded, nothing if he failed. Standish, with the beaver,\\nreturned to Plymouth, after sending Girling a new supply of powder from\\nPemaquid but no further eftbrt is known to have been made to reduce the\\nplace.\\nThe Pilgrims then turned to their natural allies, the Puritans of the Bay;\\nbut, as Kochefoucauld cunningly says, there is something in the misfortunes\\nSc (lj;\\\\vi k s Letter, Historical Magazine, July, 187.S, p. 38.\\nWilliiiinson tliiiiks the name of Ciipc Hosier ft distinct reminder of Weymouth s voyage.\\nTli()u;, h llutcliinson says aliout IOL 7, I think it an error, as Allerton, tlie promoter of the\\nproject, was in England in that year, as well as in l( )l:;(; and l(!l*S, as agent of the colony. Nor was\\nthe proposal brought forward until SiierKn- and Hathorly, two of tlie adventurers, wrote to Gov-\\nernor Hradford, in IC. i!), that they had deteiniined upon it in conuectiou with Allerton, and in-\\nvited I lynioulh to join with tlicui.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0086.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. -77\\nof our friends that does not displease us. They got smooth speeches in plen-\\nty, but no help. It is curious to observe that at this time the two colonies\\ncombined were too weak to raise and equijD a hundred soldiers on a sudden\\ncall. So the French remained in possession until 1654.\\nAn attempt was made by Plymouth Colony to liberate their men cap-\\ntured at Penobscot. Isaac Allerton was sent to demand them of La Tour,\\nwho in haughty terms refused to deliver them up, saying all the country from\\nCape Sable to Cape Cod belonged to the king, his master, and if the English\\npersisted in trading east of Pemaquid he would capture them.\\nWill monseigneur deign to show me his commission?\\nThe chevalier laid his hand significantly on his sword-hilt. This, said\\nhe, is my commission.\\nI have mentioned three Frenchmen: Sir Isaac de Razilly, a soldier of the\\nmonastic order of Malta; La Tour, a heretic; and D Aulnay, a zealous papist.\\nRazilly s commission is dated at St. Germain en Layc, May 10th, 1632.\\nHe was to take possession of Port Royal, so named by De Monts, from its\\nglorious harbor, and ceded to France under the treaty of 1629. This was the\\nyear after the taking of La Rochelle so that we are now in the times of\\nthe great cardinal and his puissant adversary, Buckingham. The knight of\\nMalta was so well pleased with Acadia that he craved permission of the\\ngrand master to remain in the country. He w^as recalled, with a reminder\\nof the subjection exacted by that semi-military, serai-ecclesiastical body of its\\nmembers. Hutchinson says he died soon after 1635. There is evidence he\\nwas alive in 1636.\\nIn 1638 Louis XIII. addressed the following letter to D Aulnay You are\\nmy lieutenant-general in the countrj of the Etchemins, from the middle of\\nthe main-land of Frenchman s Bay to the district of Canceaux. Thus you\\nmay not change any regulation in the establishment on the River St. John\\nmade by the said Sieur De la Tour, etc. Three years afterward the king\\nsent his commands to La Tour to return to France immediately if he refused,\\nD Aulnay was ordered to seize his person.\\nWhether the death of Louis, and also of his Eminence, at this time divert-\\ned the danger with which La Tour was threatened, is a matter of conjecture.\\nD Aulnay, however, had possessed himself, in 1643, of La Tour s fort, and the\\nlatter was a suppliant to the English at Boston for aid to displace his adver-\\nsary. He obtained it, and recovered his own again, but was unable to eject\\nD Aulnay from Penobscot. A second attempt, also unsuccessful, was made\\nthe following year. The treaty between Governor Endicott and La Tour in\\nthis year was afterward ratified by the United Colonies.\\nIn 1645 D Aulnay was in France, receiving the thanks of the king and\\nqueen-mother for his zeal in preserving Acadia from the treasonable designs\\nArchives of Massachusetts.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0087.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "78 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof La Tour. The next year a treaty of peace was concluded at Boston be-\\ntween tlie Englisli and D Aulnay and in 1647, the king granted him letters\\npatent of lieutenant-general from the St. Lawrence to Acadia. He died May\\n24th, 1G50, from freezing, while out in the bay with his valet in a canoe. La\\nTour finished by marrying the widow of D Aulnay, thus composing, and for-\\never, his feud with the husband.\\nFor some years quiet reigned in tlie peninsula, or until 1G54, when an ex-\\npedition was fitted out by Massachusetts against Stuyvesant and the Dutch\\nat Manhattan. Peace having been concluded before it was in readiness, the\\nPuritans, with true thrift, launched their armament against the unsuspect-\\ning Mounseers of Penobscot. Although peace also existed between Cromwell\\nand Louis, the expenditure of much money without some gain was not to be\\nthought of in the Bay. For a pretext, they had always the old grudge of\\nprior I ight, going back to Elizabeth s patent of 1578 to Sir Humphrey Gilbert.\\nRobert Sedgwick and John Leverett were two as marked men as could\\nbe found in New England. They sailed from Nantasket on the 4th of July,\\n1654, with three ships, a ketch, and two hundred soldiers of Old and New\\nEngland. Port Royal, the fort on St. John s River, and Penobscot, were all\\ncaptured. Afterward they served the Protector in England. Sedgwick was\\nchosen by Cromwell to command his insubordinate and starving army at Ja-\\nmaica, and died, it is said, of a broken heart, from the weight of responsibility\\nimposed on liim.\\nAlthough the King of France testified great displeasure because the forts\\nin Acadia wei e not restored to him, Cromwell continued to hold them last,\\nnor were they given up until after the treaty of Breda, Avhen Pentagoet, in\\n1669- 70, was delivered by Sir Thomas Teniple to M. De Grand Fontaine,\\nwho, in 1673, turned over the command to M. De Chambly.\\nOn the 10th of August, 1674, M. De Chambly was assaulted by a buccaneer\\nthat had touched at Boston, where an Englisli jiilot, as M. De Frontenac says,\\nwas taken on board. An Englishman, who had been four days in the place\\nin disguise, gave the pirates every assistance.* They landed one huiulred\\nami ten men, and fell with fnry on the little garrison of tliirty badly armed\\naiul disafiected Frenchmen. After sustaining tlie onset for an hour, M. De,\\nChambly IMI, shot thi-ongh the body. His ensign was also struck down,\\nwhen the fort surrendered a1 discretion. The sea-robbers piUaged the fort,\\ncarried oif the cannon, and coiidu( t( l the Siour De Chambly to oston, along\\nwith INI. De Marson, whom they took in the l\\\\iver St. John. Chambly was\\nput to ransom of a thousand beaver-skins. Colbert, then minister, expressed\\nA^;l;ue la Tour, ni:iiiil(lMiit;lil( i- of the I licvalier, sold tlic scij^tiiory of Acadia to the crown for\\ntwo tlioiisaixl f^iiiiieas. Douci.Ass.\\nMr. Shea CCliarlcvoix) snys this was .Tolm Khondc, and tlie vessel the Flying Horse, Captain\\nJuiriaen Aernoiils, wuli a coininissioii from the I lince ol Oranye.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0088.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "CASTINE.\\nhis surprise to Frontenac that the forts of Pentagoet and Gemisee had been\\ntaken and pillaged by a freebooter. No rupture then existed between the\\ncrowns of England and France.\\nAnother subject of Louis le Grand now raps with his sword-hilt for admis-\\nsion to our gallant com-\\npany of noble French gen-\\ntlemen who have followed\\nthe lead of De Monts into\\nthe wilds of Acadia. Bar-\\non La Hontan, writing in\\n1683, says, The Baron\\nSt. Castin, a gentleman of\\nOleron, in Bearne, having\\nlived among the Abena-\\nquis after the savage way\\nfor above twenty years, is\\nso much respected by the\\nsavages that they look\\nupon him as their tutelar\\ngod.\\nVincent, Baron St. Cas-\\ntin, came to America with\\nhis regiment about 1665.\\nHe was ensign in the reg-\\niment Carignan, of which\\nHenry de Chapelas was\\ncolonel. Chambly and\\nSorel, who were his com-\\nrades, have also left their\\nnames impressed on the\\nmap of New France. The colbert.\\nregiment was disbanded, the governor-general allowing each officer three or\\nfour leagues extent of good land, with as much depth as they pleased. The\\nofficers, in turn, gave tlieir soldiers as much ground as they wished upon pay-\\nment of a crown per arpent by way of fief Chambly we have seen in com-\\nmand at Pentagoet in 1673. Castin appears to have plunged into the wilder-\\nness, making his abode with the fierce Abenaquis.\\nThe young Bearnese soon acquired a wonderful ascendency among them.\\nHe mastered their language, and received, alter the savage s romantic fash-\\nion, the hand of a princess of the nation, the daughter of Madocawando, the\\nimplacable foe of the English. Tliey made him their great chief, or leader.\\nEstates are still conveyed in St. Louis by the arpent.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0089.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "80 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nand at his summons all the warriors of the Abenaquis gathered around him.\\nExercising a regal power in his forest dominions, he no doubt felt every inch\\na chieftain. The French governors courted him the English feared and\\nhated him. In 1696, with Iberville, he overran their stronghold at Pemaquid.\\nHe fought at Port Royal in 1*706, and again in 1707, receiving a wound there.\\nHe was, says M. Denonville, of a daring and enterprising character, thirsting\\nfor distinction. In 1702 he jjroposed a descent on Boston, to be made in win-\\nter by a competent land and naval force. Magazines were to be formed at\\nPiscataqua and Marblehead.\\nIt is known that some earlier passages of Castin s life in Acadia were not\\nfree from reproach. Denonville, in recommending him to Louvois as the\\nproper person to succeed M. Perrot at Port Royal si M. Perrot degoutait\\nde son gouvernment admits he had been addicted in the past to riot and\\ndebauchery but, continues the viceroy, I am assured that he is now\\nquite reformed, and has very proper sentiments on the subject. Perrot, jeal-\\nous of Castin, put him in arrest for six weeks for some foolish affair among\\nthe ^^^es of Port Royal.\\nFor man is fire and woman is tow,\\nAnd the Somebody comes and begins to blow.\\nIn 1686 Castin was at Pentagoet. The place must have fallen into sad\\nneglect, for the Governor of Canada made its fortification and advantages the\\nsubject of a memoir to his Government. It became the rendezvous for proj-\\nects against New England. Quebec was not difficult of access by river and\\nland to Castin s fleet Abenaquis. Port Royal was within supporting distance.\\nThe Indians interposed a barrier between English aggression and the French\\nsettlements. They were the weapon freely used by all the French rulers un-\\ntil, from long service, it became blunted and unserviceable. They were then\\nleft to shift for themselves.\\nHere Castin continued with his dusky wife and brethren, although he had\\ninherited an income of five million livres while in Acadia. By degrees he\\nhad likewise amassed a fortune of two or three hundred thousand crowns in\\ngood dry gold but the only use he made of it was to buy presents for his\\nfellow-savages, who, upon their return from the hunt, repaid him with usury\\nin beaver-skins and i)eltries. In 1688 his trading-house was plundered by\\nthe English. It is said he died in America, but of this I have not the evi-\\ndence.\\nVincent de Castin never cliaiigtMl liis wife, as the Indian customs permit-\\nted, wishing, it is supposed, by liis cxanipU- to imi)ress upon them the sanctity\\nDenonville, wlio sncceeded M. De la Rarre as governor- general, was maitre de camp to the\\n(luecn s dragoons. He was sncceeded by Frontenac.\\nDunonville s and I^a Hmitan s letters.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0090.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 81\\nof marriage as a part of the Christian religion. He had several daughters, all\\nof whom were well married to Frenchmen, and had good dowries one was\\ncaptured by Colonel Church in 1704. He had also a son.\\nIn 1721, during what was known as Lovewell s war, in which Mather in-\\ntimates, with many nods and winks set down in print, the English were the\\naggressors, Castin the younger was kidnaped, and carried to Boston a pris-\\noner. His offense was in attending a council of the Abenaquis in his capacity\\nof chief. He was brought before the council and interrogated. His mien\\nwas frank and fearless. In his uniform of a French officei he stood with\\ntrue Indian saiig froid in the presence of men who he knew were able to\\ndeal heavy blows.\\nI am, said he, an Abenaquis by my mother. All my life has been\\njiassed among the nation that has made me chief and commander over it.\\nI could not be absent from a council where the interests of my brethren were\\nto be discussed. The Governor of Canada sent me no orders. The dress I\\nnow wear is not a uniform, but one becoming my rank and birth as an officer\\nin the troops of the most Christian king, my master.\\nThe young baron was placed in the custody of the sheriff of Middlesex.\\nHe was kept seven months a prisoner, and then released before his friends,\\nthe Abenaquis, could strike a blow for his deliverance. This once formidable\\ntribe was such no longer. In 1089 it scarcely numbered a hundred warriors.\\nEnglish policy had set a price upon the head of every hostile Indian. Castin,\\nsoon after his release, returned to the old family chateau among the Pyrenees.\\nThe choir is singing the matin song;\\nThe doors of the church are opened wide\\nThe people crowd, and press, and throng\\nTo see the bridegroom and the bride.\\nThej enter and pass along the nave;\\nThey stand upon the farthest grave\\nThe bells are ringing soft and slow;\\nThe living above and the dead below\\nGive their blessing on one and twain;\\nThe warm wind blows from the hills of Spain,\\nThe birds are building, the leaves are green,\\nThe Baron Castine of St. Castine\\nHath come at last to his own again.\\nAccording to the French historian, Charlevoix, the Capuchins had a hos-\\npice here in 1646, when visited by Pere Dreuillettes. I may not neglect\\nthese worthy fathers, whose disputes about sleeves and cowls, Yoltaire says,\\nwere more than any among the philosophers. The shrewdness of these old\\nmonks in the choice of a location has been justified by the cities and towns\\nsprung from the sites of their primitive missions. Here, as elsewhere,\\nThese black crows\\nHad pitched by instinct on the fottest fallows.\\n6", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0091.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "82 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nI, snid Napoleon, at St. Helena, rendered all the burying- places inde-\\npendent of the priests. I hated friars {frati), and was the annihilator of\\nthem and of their receptacles of crime, the monasteries, where every vice was\\npracticed with impunity. A set of miscreants {scelerati) who in general are\\na dishonor to the human race. Of priests I would have always allowed a\\nsufficient number, but wo f rati. A Capuchin, says an old dictionary of 1676,\\nis a friar of St. Francis s order, wearing a cowl, or capouch, but no shirt nor\\nbreeches.\\nOpening our history at the epoch of the settlement of New France, and\\nturning over page by page the period we have been reviewing, there is no\\nmore hideous chapter than the infernal cruelties of the Society of Jesus.\\nTheir agency in the terrible persecutions of the Huguenots is too w^ell known\\nto need repetition. St. Bartholomew, the broken pledge of the Edict of Nantes,\\nthe massacres of Vivarais, of Kouergue, and of Languedoc are among their\\nmonuments.\\nThe rigor with which infractions of the discipline of the order were pun-\\nished would be difficult to believe, if unsupported by trustworthy testimony.\\nFrancis Seldon, a young pupil of the Jesuit College at Paris, was imprisoned\\nthirty-one years, seventeen of which were passed at St. Marguerite, and four-\\nteen in the Bastile. His crime was a lampoon of two lines affixed to the col-\\nlege door. A lettre de cachet from Louis XIV. consigned this poor lad of\\nonly sixteen to the Bastile in 1674, from which he only emerged in 1705, by\\nthe assignment of a ricli inheritance to the Society, impiously called, of Jesus.\\nThe siege of La Rocbelle, and slaughter of the Huguenots, is believed to\\nhave been nothing more than a duel between Richelieu and Buckingham, for\\nthe favor of Anne of Austria. It was, however, in the name of religion that\\nthe population of France was decimated. Colbert, in endeavoring to stem the\\ntide of persecution, fell in disgrace. Louvois seconded with devilish zeal the\\nprojects of the Jesuits, which had no other end than the total destruction of\\nthe reformed faith. In 1G75 Pdre Lachaise entered on his functions of father-\\nconfessor to the king. lie was powerfully seconded by his society but they,\\nfearing his i\\\\Iajesty miglit regard it as a pendant of St. Bartholomew, hesi-\\ntated to press a decisive coup d etat against the Protestants.\\nThere was at the court of Louis the widow Scarron, become De Main-\\ntenon, declared mistress of the king, who modestly aspired to replace Marie\\nTherese of Austria upon tiie throne of France. To her the Jesuits address-\\ned themselves. It is believed the compact between the worthy contracting\\nparties exacted no less of each than the advancement of their mutual proj-\\nects through the seductions of the courtesan, and the fears for liis salvation\\nthe Jesuits were to inspire in the mind of tlie king. Louis believed in the\\narguments of Madame Do Maintenon, and signed the Edict of Nantes; he\\nCnpiifliin, a cowl or hood.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0092.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "CASTINE. 83\\nceded to the threats or counsels of his confessor, and secretly espoused Ma-\\ndame De Maintenon. The 25th October, 1685, the royal seal was, it is not\\ndoubted by her inspiration, appended to the barbarous edict, drawn up by the\\nPere Le Tellier, under the auspices of the Society of Jesus/\\nFrance had already lost a hundred thousand of her bravest and most\\nskillful children. She was now to lose many more. Among the fugitives\\ndriven from the fatherland were many who fled, as the Pilgrims had done\\ninto Holland. Some sought the New World, and their descendants were\\nsuch men as John Jay, Elias Boudinot, James Bowdoin, and Peter Faneuil.\\nBefore the famous edict of 1685, the Huguenots had been forbidden to\\nestablish themselves either in Canada or Acadia. They were permitted to\\nvisit the ports for trade, but not to exercise their religion. The Jesuits took\\ncare that the edict was enforced in the French possessions. I have thought\\nthe oft-cited intolerance of the Puritans might be eifectively contrasted with\\nthe diabolical zeal with which Catholic Christendom pursued the annihilation\\nof the reformed religion.\\nThe Jesuits obtained at an early day a preponderating influence in Cana-\\nda and in Acadia. It is believed the governor-generals had not such real\\npower as the bishops of Quebec. At a later day, they were able well-nigh\\nto paralyze Montcalm s defense of Quebec, The fathers of the order, with\\nthe crucifix held aloft, preached crusades against the English to the savages\\nthey were sent to convert. One of the fiercest Canabas chiefs related to an\\nEnglish divine that the friars told his people the blessed Virgin was a French\\nlady, and that her son, Jesus Christ, had been killed by the English.^ One\\nmight say the gray hairs of old men and the blood -dabbled ringlets of in-\\nnocent children were laid on the altars of their chapels.\\nWe can aflford to smile at the forecast of Louis, when he says to M. De\\nla Barre in 1683, I am persuaded, like you, that the discoveries of Sieur La\\nSalle are altogether useless, and it is necessary, hereafter, to put a stop to\\nsuch enterprises, which can have no other effect than to scatter the inhabit-\\nants by the hope of gain, and to diminish the supply of beaver. We still\\npreserve in Louisiana the shadow of the sceptre of this monarch, whose needy\\nsuccessor at Versailles sold us, for fifteen millions, a territory that could pay\\nthe German subsidy with a year s harvest.\\nDoubtless the little bell in the hospice turret, tolling for matins or vespers,\\nwas often heard by the fisher in the bay, as he rested on his oars and repeat-\\ned an ave^ or chanted the parting hymn of the Proven9al\\nO, vierge! O, Marie!\\nPour inoi priez Dieu\\nAdieu, adieu, patrie,\\nProven9e, adieu.\\nCount Frontenac was a relative of De Maintenon. Cotton Mather.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0093.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "84 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThere is a pleasant ramble over the hill by the cemetery, with the same\\naccompaniments of green turf, limpid bay, and cool breezes everywhere. Inter-\\nmitting puffs, ruffling the water here and there, fill the sails of coasting craft,\\nwhile others lie becalmed within a few cable- lengths of them. Near the\\nnorth-west corner of the ground I discovered vestiges of another small battery.\\nCastine having assumed the functions of a town within a period compara-\\ntively recent, her cemetery shows few interesting stones. The ancients of the\\nlittle Acadian hamlet lie in forgotten graves no moss-covered tablets for the\\nantiquary to kneel beside, and trace the time-worn course of the chisel, are\\nthere. Numbers of graves are indicated only by the significant heaving of\\nthe turf. In one part of the field is a large and rudely fashioned slate-stone\\nstanding at the liead of a tumulus. A tablet with these lines is affixed:\\nIN MEMORY OF\\nCHARLES STEWART,\\nThe earliest occupant of this Mansion of the Dead,\\nA Native of Scotland,\\nAnd 1st Lieut. Comm. of his B. M. 74th Regt. of foot, or Argyle Highlanders,\\nWho died in this Town, while it was in possession of the Enemy,\\nMarch, A.D. 1783,\\nAnd was interred beneath this stone,\\n^t. about 40 yrs.\\nThis Tablet was inserted\\nA.D. 1849.\\nThe tablet has a talc to tell. It runs that Stewart quarreled with a\\nbrother officer at tlie mess-table, and challenged him. Hearing of the intend-\\ned duel, the commanding officer reprimanded the hot-blooded Scotsman iu\\nsuch terms that, stung to the quick, he fell, Roman-like, on his own sword.\\nElsewhere I read the name of Captain Isaiah Skinner, who, as master of a\\npacket plying to the opposite shore, thirty thousand times braved the per-\\nils of our bay.\\nWhile I was in Castine I paid a visit to the factory in which lobsters are\\ncanned for market. A literally smashing business Avas carrying on, but\\nwith an uncleanness that for many months impaired my predilection for this\\ndelicate crustacean. The lobsters arc brought in small vessels from the low-\\ner bay. They are then tossed, while living, into vats containing salt water\\n])oiling hot, where they receive a thorough steaming. They are next trans-\\nferred to long tables, and, after cooling, are opened. Only the flesh of the\\nlarger claws and tail is used, the remainder being cast aside. The reserved\\nportions are i\u00c2\u00bbut into tin cans that, afti r being tightly soldered, are subjected\\nto a new steaming of five and a half hours to keej) tliem fresh.\\nIn order to arrest the wholesale slaugliter of the lobster, stringent laws\\nIsle au limit is particiilnrlv roiiowncO for the size and (iiiality of these fish.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0094.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "CASTINE.\\n85\\nhave been made in Maine and Massachusetts. The fishery is prohibited dur-\\ning certain months, and a fine is imposed for every fish exposed for sale of\\nless than a certain growth. Of a heap containing some eight hundred lob-\\nsters brought to the factory, not fifty were of this size; a large proportion\\nwere not eight inches long. Frequent boiling in the same water, with the\\nslovenly appearance of the operatives, male and female, would suggest a\\ndoubt whether plain Penobscot lobster is as toothsome as is supposed. The\\nwhole process was in marked contrast with the scrupulous neatness with\\nwhich similar operations are elsewhere conducted; nor was there particular\\nscrutiny as to whether the lobsters were already dead when received from\\nthe vessels.\\nWood, in the New England Prospect, mentions that lobsters were so\\nLOBSTER POT.\\nplenty and little esteemed they were seldom eaten. They were frequent-\\nly, he says, of twenty pounds weight. The Indians used lobsters to bait\\ntheir hooks, and ate them when they could not get bass. I have seen an ac-\\ncount of a lobster that weighed thirty-five pounds. Josselyn mentions that\\nhe saw one weighing twenty pounds, and that the Indians dried them for\\nfood as they did lampreys and oysters.\\nThe first-comers into New England waters were not more puzzled to find\\nthe ancient city of Norumbega than I to reach the fabulous Down East of\\nthe moderns. In San Francisco the name is vaguely applied to the territory\\neast of the Mississippi, though more frequently the rest of the republic is al-\\nluded to as The States. South of the obliterated Mason and Dixon s line,\\nthe region east of the Alleghanies and north of the Potomac is Down East,\\nand no mistake about it. In New York you are as far as ever from this tetra\\nincognita. In Connecticut they shrug their shoulders and point you about\\nnorth-north-east. Down East, say Massachusetts people, is just across our\\neastern border. Arrived on the Penobscot, I fancied myself there at last.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0095.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "86 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWhither bound? I asked of a fisherman, getting up his foresail before\\nloosing from the wharf.\\nSir, to you. Down East.\\nThe evident determination to shift the responsibility forbade further pur-\\nsuit of this fictitious land. Besides, Maine people are indisposed to accept\\nwithout challenge the name so universally applied to them of Down Easters.\\nWe do not say down to the North Pole, and we do say down South. The\\nhigher latitude we make northwardly the farther down we get. Neverthe-\\nless, disposed as I avow myself to present the case fairly, the people of Maine\\nuniformly say up to the westward, when speaking of Massachusetts. Of\\none thing I am persuaded Down East is nowhere in New England.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0096.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "_sM^-\\nOLD FORT FBEDEBICK, PEMAQDID POINT.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nPEMAQUID POINT.\\nLove thou thy land, with love far-brought\\nFrom out the storied Past, and used\\nWithin the Present, but transfused\\nThro future time by power of thought.\\nTennyson.\\nVERY small fraction of the people of New England, I venture to say,\\nknow more of Pemaquid than that such a place once existed somewhere\\nwithin her limits yet it is scarcely possible to take up a book on New En-\\ngland in which the name does not occur with a frequency that is of itself a\\nspur to inquiry. If a few volumes be consulted, the materials for history be-\\ncome abundant. After accumulating for two hundred years, or more, what\\nbelongs to the imperishable things of earth, this old outpost of English pow-\\ner has returned into second childhood, and become what it originally was,\\nnamely, a fishing-village.\\nBut those who delight in ferreting through the chinks and crannies of an\\nout-of-the-way locality, will be repaid by starting from Daraariscotta on a\\ncoastwise voyage of discovery. In traveling by railway from Portland, with\\nyour face to the rising sun, you catch occasional glimjDses of the ocean, and\\nyou receive imperfect impressions of the estuaries that indent her hundred-\\nharbored shores; but from the window of a stage-coach journeying at six\\nmiles an hour the material and mental eye may receive and fix ideas more dis-\\ntinct and enduring.\\nI reached the little village of New Harbor, at Pemaquid Point, in time to\\nsee the sun crimson in setting, a cloudless sky, and an unrufiled sea. Monhe-\\ngan Island grew of a deep purple in the twilight shadows. The tower lamps\\nwere alight, and from neighboring islands other beacons twinkled pleasantly", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0097.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "88\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\non the waters. Coasting vessels trimmed their sails to catch the land-breeze\\nof evening. Then the moon arose.\\nThe little harbor beneath me contained a few small fishing-vessels at an-\\nchor. One or two\\nothers were slow-\\nly working their\\nway in. The cot-\\ntages straggling\\nby the shore were\\nnot numerous or\\nnoticeable. It\\nwas still some\\nthree miles to the\\nlight-house at the\\nextremity of the\\nI point.\\nthe land-breeze of evening. Mills I had ex-\\nchanged the stage for a beach-wagon. The driver was evidently a person\\nof consequence here, as he usually becomes in such isolated neighborhoods\\nout of the beaten paths of travel. His loquacity Avas marvelous. He had\\neither a message or a missive for every one he met and at the noise of our\\nwheels house doors opened, and the noses and lips of youngsters were flat-\\ntened in a whimsical manner against the window-panes. I observed that he\\ninvariably saluted the girls by their Christian names as they stood shyly\\npeeping through lialf-opened doors; adding the middle name to the baptismal\\nwhenever one might be claimed, as Olive Ann, Matilda Jane, or Hannah Ann.\\nI should have called some of them plain Olive, or Matilda, or Hannali. The\\nmen answered to such names as Dominicus, Jott, and Life (Eliphalet). Tims\\nthis brisk little fellow s ])assing was the great event over four miles of road.\\nI should have gone directly to the old settlement on the other side of the\\nNeck, now known as The Factory but here, for a wonder, were no hotels,\\nand travelers are dependent upon private hospitality. Do you think they\\nwill take me in over there I queried, ])ointing to the old mansion on the\\nsite of Fort Frederick. The driver shook his head.\\nAre they quite full\\nSolid, was his reply, given with an emphasis that conveyed the impres-\\nsion of sardines in a box. So I was fain to rest with a fisherman turned store-\\nkeeper.\\nThe little rock-environed harbor on the side of Muscongus l ay is a mere\\nroadstead, unfit for shi|\u00c2\u00bbping in heavy easterly weather. This ])lace, like many\\nneighboring sea-coast hamlets, was busily engaged in the mackerel and men-\\nhaden fishery. The latter fish, usually culled porgee, is in demand at the", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0098.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 89\\nfactories along shore for its oil, and among Bank fishermen as bait. Some old\\ncellars on the north side of New Harbor indicated the locale of a former gen-\\neration of fishermen. On tliis side, too, there existed, not many years ago, re-\\nmains of a fortification of ancient date.* Sliot, household utensils, etc., have\\nbeen excavated there. There is also by the shore Avhat was either the lair\\nof wild beasts, or a place of concealment frequented by savages. Mr. M Far-\\nland, one of the oldest residents, mentioned that he had found an arrow-head\\nin the den. Various coins and Indian implements, some of wliich I saw, have\\nbeen turned up with the soil on this neck of land.\\nThe visitor will not leave New Harbor without hearing of sharp work\\ndone there in the war of 1812. The enemy s cruisers kept the coast in per-\\npetual alarm by their marauding excursions in defenseless harbors. One\\nday a British frigate hove to in the Bay, and in a short time a number of\\nbarges were seen to push off, fully manned, for the shore. The small militia\\nguard then stationed in Old Fort Frederick was notified, and the residents\\nof New Harbor prepared for action. As the leading British barge entered\\nthe harbor, it was hailed by an aged fisherman, who warned the officer in\\ncharge not to attempt to land. If a single gun is fired, replied the Briton,\\nthe town shall be destroyed.\\nNot a single gun, but a deadly volley, answered the threat. The rocks\\nwere bristling with old queen s arms and ducking-guns, in the grasp of a score\\nof resolute fellows. Every shot was well aimed. The barge drifted help-\\nlessly out with the tide, and the captain of the frigate had a sorry dispatch\\nfor the admiral at Halifax.\\nLeaving New Harbor, I crossed a by-path that conducted to the factory\\nroad. Here and elsewhere I had listened to the story of the destruction\\nof the menhaden, from the fishermen s point of view. They apprehend noth-\\ning less than the total disappearance of this fish at no distant day. What\\nare we poor fellows going to do when they catch up all the porgees? asked\\none. The fishery, as conducted by the factories, is regarded by the fishermen\\nproper as the introduction of improved machinery that dispenses with labor\\nis looked upon by the operative. Although the oil factories purchase the\\ncatch that is brought in, the owners are considered intruders, and experi-\\nence many petty vexations. As men of capital, possessed o.f all needful ap-\\npliances for their business, they are really independent of the resident pop-\\nulation, to whom, on the other hand, they disburse money and give employ-\\nment. The question with which the political economist will have to deal is\\nthe expected extinction of the menhaden.\\nI went througli tlie factory at Pemaquid Point, and was persuaded the\\nfish could not long support the drain upon them. The porgee begins to fre-\\nThis work is on an old map of the Kennebec patent. It was about twenty rods square, with\\na bastion. A house now stands in the space it formerly occupied.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0099.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "90 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nquent these waters in June. The first comers are lean, and will make only\\na gallon of oil to the barrel; those of September yield four gallons. A fleet\\nof propellers, as well as sailing-craft of forty to fifty tons burden, are kept\\nconstantly employed.\\nAt Pemaquid harbor, the fish cargoes ai e transferred from the steamer\\nto an elevated tank of the capacity of four thousand barrels. Underneath\\nthe tank a tram-way, conducting by an inclined plane to the second story of\\nthe factory, is laid upon the wharf In the bottom of the tank is a trap-door\\nthat, upon being opened, quickly fills a car placed below. The fish are then\\ntaken into the factory and dumped into other tanks, containing each three\\ncar-loads, or about sixty barrels. Here steam is introduced, rajjidly convert-\\ning the fish into unsavory chowder, or mash. As many as a dozen of these\\nvats were in constant use. The oil and water being drawn off into other\\nvats, the product is obtained through the simplest of machinery, and the well-\\nknown principle that in an admixture with water oil will rise to the surfiice.\\nThe residuum from the first process is shoveled into perforated iron cylinders,\\nby men standing up to their knees in the steaming mass. It is then sub-\\njected to hydraulic pressure, and, after the extraction of every drop of oil, is\\ncarefully housed, to be converted into phosphates. The water is passed from\\ntank to tank until completely free of oil. Nothing is lost.\\nThis Ihctory had a capacity of three thousand barrels per day, though not\\nof the largest class. Others were working day and night through the season,\\nwhich continues for about three months.\\nI walked afterward by the side of a seine two hundred fathoms in length,\\nspread upon the grass in order to contract the meshes. One of them frequent-\\nly costs above a thousand dollars, and is sometimes destroyed at the first cast-\\ning by being caught on the ledges in shallow water.\\nAn old hand can easily tell the diflerence between a school of mackerel\\nand one of menhaden. The former rush in a body on the toj) of the water,\\nwhile the shoal of porgees merely ripples the surface, as is sometimes seen\\nwhen a moving body of water impinges against a counter -current. The\\nmackerel takes the hook, while the porgee and herring never do.\\nThe talk was more fishy here than in any place I have visited. Here they\\ncall a school, or shoal, a pod offish; we sot round a pod being a com-\\nmon expression. The small vessels are called seiners. When they approach\\na school, the seine is carried out in boats, one end being attached to the ves-\\nsel, except when a bad sea is running. I have seen the men standing up to\\nthe middle amotig the fish they wei c hauling in and they are sometimes\\nobliged to abiuidon half their draught.\\nThe whole jirocess of rendering menhaden into oil is less offensive to the\\nolfactories than might be su]t])os( d. Tlie works at Pemaquid Point are own-\\ned by Judson,Tarr, and o.,!)! Uockport, oMassachusetts. As against the gen-\\nerally received oi)inion tliat they were destroying fish faster than the losses", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0100.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 91\\ncould be repaired, the unusual abundance of mackerel the last year was cited.\\nMackerel, however, are not ground up at the rate of many thousand barrels\\nper day. It is easy to conjecture that present profit is more looked to than\\nfuture scarcity. The product of menhaden is chiefly used in the adulteration\\nof linseed-oil. This fish is probably the same called by the French ^aspa-\\nro^, and found by them in great abundance on the coasts of Acadia.\\nSome account of the habits of the mackerel, as given by veteran fisher-\\nmen, is of interest to such as esteem this valuable fish and the number is\\nlegion if not in explanation of the seemingly purposeless drifting of the\\nmackerel fleet along shore, which is, nevertheless, guided by calculation.\\nIn early spring the old breeding fish come into the bays and rivers to\\nspawn. They then return northward. These mackerel are not apt to take\\nthe hook, but are caught in weirs and seines, a practice tending to inevitable\\nscarcity in the future. The parent fish come back, in September, to the local-\\nities where they have spawned, and, taking their young in charge, proceed to\\nthe warmer waters west and south. Few if any mackerel spawn south of\\nCape Cod.\\nBy the time this migration occurs, the young fish have grown to six or\\nseven inches in length, and are called tinkers. They frequently take the\\nbait with avidity, but ai e too small for market. When this school comes\\nalong, the fishermen prepare to follow, saying, The mackerel are bound west,\\nand we must work west with them. These first -comers are usually fol-\\nlowed by a second school of better size and quality. I have often seen num-\\nbers of young mackerel, of three to four inches in length, left in shallow pools\\nupon the flats by the tide in midsummer.\\nIn the midst of a biting school no sport could be more exciting or sat-\\nisfying. At such times the mackerel resemble famished wolves, snapping\\nand crowding for the bait, rather than harmless fishes. This unexampled vo-\\nracity makes them an easy prey, and they are taken as fast as the line can be\\nthrown over. It not unfrequently happens that the school will either sink or\\nsuddenly refuse the bait, even while swarming about the sides of the vessels.\\nThis is vexatious, but there is no help for it. The fleet must lie idle until the\\ncapricious or overfed fish is hungry.\\nMackerel swim in deep water, and are brought to the surface by casting\\nover quantities of ground bait. If they happen to be on the surfixce in a\\nstorm, at the first peal of thunder they will sink to the bottom. The move-\\nments of the fish in the water are like a gleam of light, and it dies hard when\\nout of it. The mackerel was in great abundance when New England was\\nfirst visited.\\nIn the confusion naturally incident to accounts of early discoveries on our\\ncoast of New England, it is pleasant to find one vantage-ground from which\\nyou can not be dislodged. In this respect Peraaquid stands almost alone.\\nIt has never been called by any other name. Possibly it may have embraced", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0101.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "92 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\neither move or less of the surrounding territory or adjacent waters than at\\npresent still there is eminent satisfaction in standing at Peiuaquid on im-\\npregnable ground.\\nIn the minds of some old writers Pemaqnid was unquestionably confound-\\ned with the Penobscot. There is a description of Pemaquid River from the\\nHakluyt papers, which makes it the easternmost river, one excepted^of Mavo-\\nshen, manifestly a name erroneously applied, as the description is as far from\\ncoinciding with the true Pemaquid as is its location by Hakluyt. In this ac-\\ncount the Sagadahoc and town of Kennebec are also mentioned. Like many\\nothers, it is more curious tlian instructive.\\nIt also appears, to the student s dismay, that in some instances the discov-\\nerers were apprehensive of drawing attention to any new-found port or har-\\nbor, as it would render their monopoly of less value. The account of Wey-\\nmouth s voyage by James Rosier omitted the latitude, doubtless with this\\nobject. His narrative, if not written to mislead, was confessedly not intend-\\ned to instruct. How is the historian to follow such a clue Fortunately,\\nafter many puzzling and unsatisfactory conjectures, the account of William\\nStrachey makes all clear, so far as Pemaquid is in question. Weymouth s\\nfirst landfall was in 42\u00c2\u00b0, and he coasted northward to 44\u00c2\u00b0. Strachey speaks\\nof the isles and rivers, together with that little one of Pemaquid.\\nSir F. Gorges, in his Brief Narration, mentions that it pleased God to\\nbring Captain Weymouth, on his return in 1005, into the harbor of Plymoutli,\\nwhere he, Sir Ferdinando, then commanded. Captain Weymouth, he contin-\\nues, had been dispatched by the Lord Arundel of Wardour in search of the\\nNorth-west Passage, but falling short of his course, had happened into a river\\non the coast of America called Pemaquid. In the reprint of Sir F. Gorges s\\ninvaluable narrative^ the word Penobscot is placed after Pemaquid in brack-\\nets. It does not appear in the original.\\nPemaquid, then, becomes one of the pivotal points of New England dis-\\ncovery, as it subsequently was of her history. As tlie French had directed\\ntheir early efforts toward the Penobscot, so the English had imbibed strong\\npredilections for the Sagadahoc, or Kennebec. Weymouth and Pring liad\\npaved the way; the Indians transported to England had been able to give\\nan intelligible account of the country, the coiiiiguration of the coasts, the\\nmagnitude of the rivers, and j)ower of the nations peopling the banks.\\nTlie Kennebec was known to the French earlier than to the English, and\\nby its proper name. Cliamplain s voyage in the autumn of 1604 extended,\\nit is believed, as far as Monhegan, as lie names an isle ten leagues from\\nQninthequl^ and says he went three or four leagues beyond it. Moreover,\\nVniTlias, vol. iv., 1S74.\\nIn KKKJ Gorges was dc[)iived of tlic comiiKiml, tmt liad it restored to liim tlie same year.\\nCollections of the Massacluisetts Historical Society, vol. vi., ;5d series.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0102.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 93\\nhe had coasted both shores of the Penobscot bay, penetrating at least as far\\nas the Narrows, below Bucksport. He calls the Camden hills Bedabedec,\\nand says the Kennebec and Penobscot Indians were at enmity. De Monts\\nfollowed Champlain in June, 1605, having sailed from St. Croix two days\\nafter Weymouth s departure from the coast for England. He was more than\\ntwo months in exploring a liundred and twenty leagues of sea-coast, visiting\\nand observing the Kennebec, of which a straightforward story is told. Even\\nthen the river was known as a thoroughfare to Canada.\\nThe mouth of the Kennebec is interesting as the scene of the third at-\\ntempt to obtain a foothold on New England s soil. This Avas the colony of\\nChief-justice Pophara, which arrived off Monhegan in August, 1607. This\\nundertaking was intended to be permanent. There were two well-provided\\nships, and a hundred and twenty colonists.^ The leader of the enterprise,\\nGeorge Popham, was accompanied by Captain Raleigh Gilbert, nephew and\\nnamesake of Sir Walter Raleigh,\\nA settlement was effected on Hunnewell s Point, at the mouth of the Ken-\\nnebec. The winter was one of unexampled severity, and the new-comers had\\nbeen late in preparing for it. Encountering privations similar to those after-\\nward endured by the Plymouth settlers, they lost courage, and when news\\nof the death of their patron, the chief-justice, reached them, were ready to\\nabandon the project. Pophara, having died in February, was succeeded by\\nGilbert, whose affairs recalling him to England, the whole colony deserted\\ntheir settlement at Fort St. George in the spring of 1608. Popham was the\\nfirst English magistrate in New England.\\nMather attributes the failure of attempts to colonize the parts of New\\nEngland north of Plymouth to their being founded upon the advancement\\nof worldly interests. A constant series of disasters has confounded them,\\navers the witch-hating old divine. One minister, he says, was exhorting the\\neastern settlers to be more religious, putting the case to them much in this\\nway, when a voice from the congregation cried out, Sir, you are mistaken\\nyou think you are preaching to the people of the Bay. Our main end was to\\ncatch fish.\\nDid you ever see Cotton Mather s History of New England one of\\nthe oddest books I ever perused, but deeply interesting. The question is\\nput by Southey, and I repeat it, as, if you have not read Mather s Magnalia\\nChristi Americana, you have not seen the corner-stone of New England his-\\ntorical and ecclesiastical literature.\\nApropos of the immigration into New England, it was openly bruited in\\nEngland that King Charles I, would have been glad if the thousands who\\nwent over were drowned in the sea. Between the years 1628 and 1635 the\\nSee Lescarbot, p. 497. Strachey. Gorges says August 8th; Smith, August 11th.\\nA fly-boat, the Gift of God, George Popham Mary and John, of London, Raleigh Gilbert.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0103.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "94\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nexodus Avas very great, and gave the king much displeasure, No one was\\npermitted to remove without the royal permission. Even young Harry Vane\\nhad to solicit the good offices of his father, Sir Harry, to obtain a pass. He\\nwas then out of favor\\nat court and at home,\\nthrough his Geneva no-\\ntions about kneeling to\\nreceive the Sacrament,\\nand otlier Puritan ideas.\\nLet him go, growls an\\nold writer: has not Sir\\nHarry other sons but\\nhim?\\nThe colony of Popham\\nbegan better than it end-\\ned. A fort, doubtless no\\nmore than a palisade with\\nplatforms for guns, was\\nmarked out. A trench\\nwas dug about it, and\\ntwelve pieces of ordnance\\nwere mounted. Within\\nits protection fifty houses,\\nbesides a church and store-\\nhouse, were built. The\\ncarpenters framed a pryt-\\nty pynnace of tliirty\\ntons, which they chris-\\ntened the Virginia. There is no earlier record of ship-building in JNlaine.\\nTlie tenacity of the English character has become ])roverbial. Neverthe-\\nless, tlie o])inion is hazarded tliat no nation so ill accommodates itsell to a new\\ncountry. The English colonies of Virginia, New England, and Jamaica are\\nstriking examples ofbarroimess of resource when confronted with unforeseen\\nprivations. The Frenchman, on the contrary, possesses in an eminent degree\\nthe capacity to adajtt himself to strange scenes and unaccustomed modes of\\nlife. Every thing is made to contribute to his wants. Let the reader con-\\nsult, if he will, the cam])aign of the Crimea, where tliousands of English sol-\\ndiers gave Avay to hardships unknown in the French camps. The clastic\\ngayety of the one is in contrast with the gloomy despondency of the other.\\nThe Popham colony abandoned a well-matured, ably-seconded design through\\ndread of a New England winter and through homesickness. Cleaily it was\\nnot of the stuff to found a State.\\nThe previous winter was passed by the French at their new settlement of\\nC0TT(^N .MATni:i:.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0104.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 95\\nPort Royal, commenced within two years. The seasons of 1605 and of 1606\\nAvere extremely rigorous. The colony of De Monts went through the first\\nin rude cabins, hastily constructed, on the island of St. Croix. The next\\nautumn the settlement was transferred to Port Royal. Winter found them\\ndomiciled in their new quarters under no better roofs than they had quitted.\\nThough their leader, Du Guast, had left them, they were animated by an irre-\\npressible spirit of fun, altogether French, They made roads through the\\nforest, or joined with the Indians in hunting-parties, managing these native\\nAmericans with an address that won their confidence and good help.\\nANCIENT PEMAQUID.\\nFinally, at the suggestion of Champlain, in order to keep up an unflagging\\ngood-fellowship, and to render themselves free of all anxiety on the subject of\\nprovisions, the ever-famous L Ordre de Bon Temps was inaugurated. It\\nis deserving of remembrance along with the coterie of the Knights of the\\nRound Table.\\nOnce in fifteen days each member of the order officiated as maitre d hotel\\nof De Poutrincourt s table. It was his care on that day that his comrades\\nshould be well and honorably entertained and although, as the old chronicler\\nquaintly says, our gourmands often reminded us that we were not in the\\nRue aux Ours at Paris, yet so well was the rule observed that we ordinarily\\nmade as good cheer as we should have known bow to do in the Hue aux\\nOurs, and at less cost.\\nThere was not a fellow of the order Avho, two days before his turn came,\\ndid not absent himself until he could return with some delicacy to add to\\ntheir ordinary fare. They had always fish or flesh at breakfast, and were\\nnever without one or both at the repasts of noon and evening. It became\\ntheir great festival.\\nThe steward, or maitre cVhotel, having caused all things to be made ready,\\nmai ched Avith his napkin on his shoulder, his staff of office in his hand, and\\nthe collar of the order, that we are told Avas Avorth more than four French\\ncroAvns, about his neck. Behind him Avalked the brothers of the order, each\\none bearing his plate. In the evening, after giving thanks to God, the host", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0105.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "96\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof the day resigned the collar to his successor, each pledging the other in a\\nglass of wine.\\nOn such occasions they had always twenty or thirty savages men, wom-\\nen, and children looking on. To these they gave bread from the table but\\nwhen, as was often the case, the sagamores those fierce, intractable barba-\\nrians presented themselves, they were, says Lescarbot, at table eating and\\ndrinking like us, and we right glad to see them, as, on the contrary, their ab-\\nsence would have made us sorry.\\nAt Pemaquid we enter the domain of Samoset, that chivalric New En-\\no-lander whom historians delight to honor. He was a sagamore without\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2uile. Chronologically speaking, he should first appear at Plymouth, in\\nthe act of offering to those doubting Pilgrims the right hand of fellowship.\\nHe told them he was sagamore of Morattigon, distant from Plymouth a\\ndaye s sayle with a great\\nwind, and five dayes by\\nland. In 1623 he ex-\\ntended a kindly recep-\\ntion to Christopher Lev-\\nett, to whom he proffered\\na friendship, to continue\\nimtil the Great Spirit car-\\nried them to his wigwam.\\nAll the old writers speak\\nwell of Samoset, whom\\nwe call a savage.\\nI next visited the lit-\\ntle point of land on which\\nare the ruins of old Fort\\nFrederick. Little diffi-\\nculty is experienced in\\nretracing the exterior\\nand interior lines of a\\nfortress designed as the\\nstrongest bulwark of En-\\nglish power in New En-\\ngland. It was built ui)on a green slope, above a rocky shore, commanding\\nthe approach from the sea but Avas itself dominated by the heights of the\\nwestern shore of John s Ifivcr, a circumstance that did not escape the notice\\nof D Iberville in 1090. At the south-east angle of tlie work is a high rock,\\nCIIAKLEVOIX.\\nSamoset, in 1025, sold Pemaquid to John Brown. Ilis sign-manual was a bended bow, with\\nan arrow fitted to the string. The deed to Brown also fixes the residence, at Pemaquid, of Abra-\\nham Slunt, agent of Klbridge and Aldworth, in tiie year 1(!26.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0106.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 97,\\novergrown with a tangle of climbing vines and shrubs. This rock formed a\\ngart of the old magazine, and is now the conspicuous feature of the ruined\\nfortress. A projecting spur of the opposite shore was called the Barbican.\\nThe importance of Pemaqnid as a check to French aggression was very\\njrreat. It covered the approaches to the Kennebec, the Sheepscot, Damaris-\\neotta, and Pemaqnid rivers. It was also, being at their doors, a standing men-\\nace against the Indian allies of the French, with a garrison ready to launch\\nupon their villages, or intercept the advance of ^var parties towai-d the New-\\nEngland settlements. Its presence exasperated the Abenaquis, on whose ter-\\nritory it was, beyond measure the French found them ever ready to second\\nprojects for its destruction.\\nOn the other hand, the remoteness of Pemaqnid rendered it impracticable\\nto relieve it when once invested by an enemy. Only a few feeble settlements\\nskirted the sea-coast between it and Casco Bay, so the same causes combined\\nto render it both weak and formidable. Old Pentagoet, which the reader\\nknows for Castine, and Pemaqnid, were the mailed hands of each nationality,\\nalways .clenched ready to strike.\\nThe fort erected at Pemaqnid in 1G77, by Governor Andros, was a wooden\\nredoubt mounting two guns, with an outwork having two bastions, in each\\nof which were two great guns, and another at the gate. This work Was\\nnamed Fort Charles. It was captured and destroyed by the Indians in 1689.\\nSir William Phips, under instructions from Whitehall, built a new fort at\\nPemaqnid in 1692, which he called William Henry. Captains WMng and Ban-\\ncroft were the engineers, the work being completed by Captain March. The\\nEnglish believed it impregnable. Mather, who says it was the finest that\\nhad been seen in those parts of America, has a significant allusion to the ar-\\ncliitect of a fortress in Poland whose eyes were put out lest he should build\\nanother such. From this vantage-ground the English, for the fifth time, ob-\\ntained possession of Acadia.\\nIn the same year D Iberville made a demonstration against it with two\\nFrench frigates, but finding an English vessel anchored under the walls, aban-\\ndoned his design, to the chagrin of a large band of auxiliary warriors who\\nhad assembled under Villebon, and who now vented their displeasure by\\nstamping upon the ground.\\nThe reduction of Fort William Henry was part of a general scheme to\\nNew York Colonial Documents, vol. iii., p. 256. Some primitive defensive works had ex-\\nisted as early as 1630, rifled in 1632 by the freebooter, Dixy Bull.\\nIt was of stone; a quadrangle seven hundred and thirty-seven feet in compass without the\\nouter walls, one hundred and eight feet square within the inner ones pierced with embrasures for\\ntwenty-eight cannons, and mounting fourteen, six being eighteen-pounders. The south wall front-\\ning the sea was twenty-two feet high, and six feet tliick at the ports. The great flanker, or round\\ntower, at the west end of the line was twenty-nine feet high. It stood about a score of rods from\\nhigh-water mark. Mather, vol. ii., p. 537.\\n7", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0107.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "98\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nFRENCH FRIGATE, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.\\noverrun and destroy the\\nEnglish settlements as\\nfar as the Piscataqua.\\nTlie English were fore-\\nwarned. John Nelson,\\nof Boston, whose biog-\\nraphy is worth the writ-\\ning, was then a prisoner\\nat Quebec. Madocawan-\\n(to was also there, in\\nconsultation with Count\\nFrontenac. The Abe-\\nnaqui chief, dissatisfied\\nwith his presents, gave\\no\\\\)en expression of his\\ndisgust at the niggard-\\nliness of his Avhite ally.\\nNelson was well ac-\\nquainted with the Indian\\ntongue. He cajoled the chief into talking of his projects, and as soon as\\nthey were in his possession acted like a man of decision. He bribed two\\nFrenchmen Arnaud du Vignon and Francis Albert to carry the intelli-\\ngence to Boston. On their return to Canada both w^ere shot, and Nelson was\\nsent to France, where he became for five years an inmate of the Bastile.\\nThe life of John Nelson contains all tlie requisites of romance. Although\\nan Episcoi)alian,he put himself at the head of the revolution against the tyr-\\nanny of Andros. As a prisoner, he risked his own life to acquaint his country-\\nmen with the dangers that menaced them; and it is said he was even carried\\nto the place of execution along with his detected messengers. The French\\ncalled him le plus audacieux et le plus acharne, in the design of conquering\\nCanada. Released from the Bastile on his parole, after visiting England he\\nreturned to France to fulfill its conditions, although forbidden to do so by\\nKing William. A nuin of address, courage, and high sense of honor was\\nthis John Nelson.\\nIn 1090, a second and more successful expedition was conducted against\\nPcmaquid. In August, D lberville and Bonaventure sailed with the royal\\norder to attack and reduce it. They called at Pentagoet, receiving there a\\nre-enforcement of two Imndred Indians, who embarked in their canoes, led by\\nSt. Castin. On the USth tlic rxinnruion appeared before the ])lace, and the\\nnext day it was invested.\\nD llH rvillc, iiioiiSL igiU iir, est tin tirs saye :iri;()ii, fiitreitreiKiiii et qui scait cc qu il fait.\\nM. 1)i;n )N VI 1,1,1;.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0108.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT.\\n99\\nHUTCHINSON.\\nFort William Henry was then commanded by Captain Pascho Chubb, with\\na garrison of about a hundred men. Fifteen pieces of artillery were in posi-\\ntion. The French expected an obstinate resistance, as the place was well able\\nto withstand a siege.\\nChubb, on being summoned, returned a defiant answei-. D Iberville then\\nbegan to erect his batteries. The account of\\nCharlevoix states that the French got posses-\\nsion of ten or twelve stone houses, forming a\\nstreet leading from the village square to the\\nfort. They then intrenched themselves, partly\\nat the cellar- door of the house next the fort,\\nand partly behind a rock on the sea-shore. A\\nsecond demand made by St. Castin, accompa-\\nnied by the threat that if the place were assault-\\ned the garrison might expect no quarter, de-\\ncided the valiant Chubb, after a feeble and in-\\nglorious defense, to surrender. The gates were\\nopened to the besiegers.\\nOn finding an Indian in irons in the fortress,\\nCastin s warriors began a massacre of the prisoners, which was arrested by\\ntheir removal, at command of DTberville, to an island, where they were pro-\\ntected by a strong guard from further violence. The name of William Henry\\nhas been synonymous with disaster to colonial strongholds. The massacre\\nof 1757 at Lake George, forever infamous, obscures wnth blood the fair fame\\nof Montcalm. The novelist Cooper, in making it the groundwork of his\\nMohicans, has not overstated the horrors of the tragedy enacted by the\\nplacid St. Sacrament.\\nTwo days were occupied by the French in the destruction of Pemaquid\\nfort. They then set sail for St. John s River, narrowly escaping capture by a\\nfleet sent from Boston in pursuit. The French, who had before claimed to the\\nKennebec, subsequently established their boundary of Acadia at St. George s\\nRiver.\\nOn the beach, below where the martello tower had stood, I discovered\\nmany fragments of bricks among the rock debris. Some of these were as large\\nas were commonly used in the hearths of our most ancient houses. The arch\\nby which the tower was perhaps supported remained nearly intact, though\\ncompletely concealed by a thicket formed of interweaving shrubs. Some\\nhave conjectured it to have been a liiding- place of smugglers. Fragments\\nof shot and shell have likewise been picked up among the rubbish of the old\\nfortress. Not far from the spot is a grave-yard, in which time and neglect\\nhave done their work.\\nIt has been attempted to show that a large and populous settlement ex-\\nisted from a very early time at Pemaquid, with i)aved streets and some of", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0109.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "100 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe belongings of a permanent population. Within a few years excavations\\nhave been made, exhibiting the remains of pavement of beach-pebble at some\\ndistance below the surface of the ground.\\nIt is not doubted that a small plantation Avas maintained here antecedent\\nto the settlement in Massachusetts Bay, but it as certainly lacks confirmation\\nthat it had assumed either the proportions or outward appearance of a well\\nand regularly built town at any time during the seventeenth century. If it\\nwere true, as Sullivan states, that in 1630 there were, exclusive of fishermen,\\neighty-four families about Sheepscot, Pemaquid, and St. George s, it also be-\\ncomes important to know by what means these settlements were depopulated\\nprevious to the Indian wars.\\nThe commissioners of Charles II., sent over in 1665, reported that upon the\\nrivers Kennebec, Sheepscot, and Pemaquid were three plantations, the largest\\ncontaining not more than thirty houses, inhabited, say they, by the worst\\nof men. The commissioners gave impartial testimony here, for they were\\ntrying to dispossess Massachusetts of the government she had assumed over\\nMaine since 1652. They wrote further, that neither Kittery, York, Wells,\\nScarborough, nor Falmouth had more than thirty houses, and those mean ones.\\nThis was the entirety of the grand old Pine-tree State two centuries ago.\\nColonel Romer had recommended, about 1699, the fortifying anew of Pem-\\naquid, and the building of supporting works at the next point of land, and on\\nJohn s Island. Nothing, however, appears to have been done until the ar-\\nrival of Colonel David Dunbar, in 1730, to resume possession of the Sagada-\\nhoc territory in the name of the crown.\\nDunl)ar re])aired the old works, giving them the name of Fort Frederick,\\nAt Pemaquid Point he laid out the plan of a city which he divided into lots,\\ninviting settlers to repopulate the country. Old grants and titles were con-\\nsidered extinct. His possession at Pemaquid conflicting with the Muscongus\\npatent was revoked through the efforts of Samuel Waldo. The garrison was\\nreplaced by Massachusetts troops, and the so-called Sagadahoc territory an-\\nnexed to the County of York.\\nWhen in the neighborhood, the visitor will feel a desire to inspect the ex-\\ntensive shell heaps of the Damariscotta, about a mile above the town of New-\\ncastle. They occur on a jutting point of land, in such masses as to resemble\\nlow chalk cliffs of guano dejjosits. The shells are of the oyster, now no long-\\ner native in New England waters, but once abundant, as these and other re-\\nmains testify. The liighost point of the bank is twenty-five feet above the\\nriver. The deposits are rather more than a hundred rods in length, with a\\nAs it is inconsistent with the ])iirposc niid limits of these chapters to give the detail of char-\\nters, patents, and titles hy which l ema |uid has acquired much historical prominence, the reader\\nmay, in addition to authorities named in the text, consult Thornton s Ancient Pemaquid, vol. v,\\nMaine Historical Collections; Johnston s Bristol, Bremen, and I cni.uiuid Hough s I em-\\niKjuid I ajjcrs, etc.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0110.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "PEMAQUID POINT. 101\\nvariable width of from eighty to a hundred rods. The shells lie in regular\\nlayers, bleached by sun and weather. Among the many naturalists who\\nhave visited them may be named Dr. Charles T. Jackson/ and Professor Chad-\\nbourne, of Bowdoin College. Some animal remains found among the shells\\nwere submitted to Agassiz, who concurred in the received opinion that the\\nshells were heaped up by men.\\nFrom point to point excavations have been made with the expectation of\\nfinding the Indian implements Avhich have occasionally rewarded such inves-\\ntigations. Williamson mentions a tradition that human skeletons had been\\ndiscovered in these beds. The bones of animals and of birds have been found\\nin them. Situated in the immediate vicinity of the shell deposits is a kiln for\\nconverting the shells into lime, which is produced of as good quality as that\\nobtained from limestone rock.\\nIn walking along the beach at low tide, I had an excellent opportunity\\nof surveying these remains. A considerable growth of trees had sprung\\nfrom the soil collected above them, the roots of some having penetrated\\ncompletely through the superincumbent shells to the earth beneath. From\\nan observation of several cavities near the surface and in the sides of the\\noyster banks, the shells, in some instances, appear to have been subjected to\\nfire. The entire stratum was in a state of decomposition that sufticiently at-\\ntests the work of years. Even those shells lying nearest the surface in most\\ncases crumbled in the hands, while at a greater depth the closely -packed\\nvalves were little else than a heap of lime.\\nThe shell heaps are of common occurrence all along the coast. The read-\\ner knows them for the feeding-places of the hordes preceding European civil-\\nization. Here they regaled themselves on a delicacy that disappeared when\\nthey vanished from the land. The Indians not only satisfied present hun-\\nger, but dried the oyster for winter consumption. Their summer camps were\\npitched in the neighborhood of well-known oyster deposits, the squaws being\\noccupied in gathering shell-fish, while the men were eniraszed in fishing or in\\nhunting.\\nJosselyn mentions the long-shelled oysters peculiar to these deposits. lie\\nnotes them of nine inches in length from the joint to the toe, that were to\\nbe cut in three pieces before they could be eaten. Wood professes to have\\nseen them of a foot in length. I found many of the shells here of six inches\\nin length. Winthrop alludes to the oyster banks of Mystic River, Massachu-\\nsetts, that impeded its navigation. During recent dredgings here oyster-\\nshells of six to eight inches in length were frequently brouglit to the surface.\\nThe problem of tlie oyster s disappearance is yet to be solved.\\nWhile making his geological suive) of Maine.\\nWilliamson mentions the heaps on the eastern bank, not so high as on the western, extend-\\ning back twenty rods from the river, and rendering the land useless. The shell heaps of Georgia\\nand Florida are more extensive than any in New England.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0111.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "MONHEGAN ISLAND.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nMONHEGAN ISLAND.\\nFrom gray sea- fog, from icy drift,\\nFrom peril and from pain,\\nTiie home-bound fisher greets thy lights.\\nOh hundred-harbored Maine!\\nWhittier.\\nnpiIE most famous island yon can find on the New Enoland map is Monhe-\\ngan Island. To it the voyages of Weymouth, of Pophani, and of Smith\\nconverge. The latter has put it down as one of the landmarks of our coast.\\nRosier calls it an excellent landfall. It is undoubtedly Monhogan that is\\nseen on the oldest charts of New England. Chaniplain, with the same apt-\\nness and originality recognized in Mount Desert and Isle an Haut, names it\\nLa Tortue. Take from the shelf Bradl ord, Winthrop, Prince, or Hubbard,\\nand you will find this island to figure conspicuously in their pages. Brad-\\nford says starving Plymouth was succored from Monhegan as early as 1622.\\nThe Boston colonists of 1630 were boarded when entering Salem by a Plym-\\nouth man, going about his business at IVmaquid. English fishing ships hov-\\nered about the island for a dozen years before the Mayflover swung to her\\nanchorage in the ice-rimmed bay. The embers of some camp-fire were al-\\nways smouldering there.\\nSailing once from Boston on a Penobscot steamboat, a ^i}\\\\\\\\ hours bi ought\\nus U] with Cape Ann. I aski-d the pilot for what land lie now steered.\\nM nhiggin.\\nIn returning, the boat came down thi ough the Mussel Ridge Channel like\\na race-horse over a well-beaten course. We rounded Monhegan again, and\\nthen steered by the compass. Monhegan is still a landmark.\\nA wintry passage is not always to be conuneuiled, especially when the", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0112.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "MONHEGAN ISLAND.\\n103\\nAtlantic gets un-\\nruly. Leaving the\\nwharf on one well-\\nremembered occa-\\nsion, we steamed\\ndown the bay in\\nsmooth water at\\nfourteen miles an\\nhour. All on board\\nwere in possession\\nof their customa-\\nry equipoise. Soon\\nthe gong sounded\\na noisy summons\\nto supper. We\\ndescended. The\\ncabin tables were\\nquickly occupied\\nby a merry com-\\npany of both sex-\\nes. There Avas a\\nclatter of plates M\\nand sharp click-\\ning of knives and\\nforks waiters ran\\nhither and thither;\\nthe buzz of con-\\nversation and rip-\\nple of suppressed\\nTHATCHEK S island light and fog signals, cape ANN.\\nlaughter began to diffuse themselves with the good cheer, when, suddenly,\\nthe boat, mounting a sea, fell off into the trough with a measured movement\\nthat thrilled every victim of old Neptune to the marrow.\\nIt would be difficult to conceive a more instantaneous metamorphosis than\\nthat which now took place. Maidens who had been chatting or wickedly flirt-\\ning, laid down their knives and forks and turned pale as their napkins. Youths\\nthat were all smiles and attention to some adorable companion suddenly be-\\nhaved as if oblivious of her presence. Another plunge of the boat! My vis-\\nd-vis, an old gourmand, had intrenched himself behind a rampart of delicacies.\\nHe stops short in the act of carving a fowl, and reels to the cabin stairs. Soon\\nhe has many followers. Wives are separated from husbands, the lover de-\\nserts his mistress. A heavier sea lifts tlie bow, and goes rolling with gath-\\nered volume astern, accompanied by the crash of crockery and trembling of\\nthe chandeliers. That did the business. The commercial traveler who told", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0113.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "104 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nme he was never sea-sick laid down the morsel he was iu the act of convcy-\\nino- to his mouth. He tried to look unconcerned as lie staggered from tlie\\ntable, but it was a wretched failure. Two waiters, each bearing a well-laden\\ntrav, were sent sliding down the incline to tlie leeward side of the cabin,\\nwhere, coming in crasliing collision, they finally deposited their burdens in\\na berth in which some unfortunate was already reposing. All except a\\nhandful of well -seasoned voyagers sought the upper cabins, where they re-\\nmained pale as statues, and as silent. The rows of deserted seats, unused\\nplates, the joints sent away untouched, presented a melancholy evidence of\\nthe triumph of matter over miud.\\nEarly in the morning we made out Monhegan, as I have no doubt it was\\ndescried from the mast-head of the Archangel, Weymouth s ship, two hun-\\ndred and seventy years ago. The sea was shrouded in vapor, so that we saw\\nthe island long before the main-land was visible. Sea-faring people call it\\nhigh land for tliis part of the world.\\nNear the westward shore of the southern half of this remarkable island is\\na little islet, called Mananas, which forms the only harbor it can boast. Cap-\\ntain Smith says, Between Monahiggon and Monanis is a small harbour, where\\nwe rid. The entrance is considered practicable only from the south, though\\nthe captain of a coasting vessel pointed out where lie had run his vessel\\nthrough the ragged reefs that shelter the northern end, and saved it. It was\\na desperate strait, he said, and the by-standers shook their heads, in thinking\\non the peril of the attempt.\\nThe inhabitants are hospitable, and many even well to do. Their harbor\\nis providentially situated for vessels that are forced on the coast in heavy\\ngales, and are able to reach its shelter. At such times exhausted mariners\\nare sure of a kind reception, every house opening its doors to relieve tlicir dis-\\ntresses. Having all the requirements of snug harboring, excellent rock fisliing,\\nwith room enough for extended rambling up and down, tlie island must one\\nday become a resort as famous as the Isles of Shoals. At present there is a\\npeculiar flavor of originality and freshness about the jieople, wlio are as yet\\nfree from the money-getting aptitudes of the recognized watering-place.\\nGeorge Weymouth made his anchorage under Monhegan on the 18th of\\nMay, 1805. It appeared, says Rosier, a mean higli land, as we afterward\\nfound it, being an island of some six miles in compass, but, I hope, the most\\nfortunate ever yet discovered. About twelve o clock that day, we came to\\nMonliegan lies nine miles south of tlie George s gioiip, twelve south-east from Pemaqnid, and\\nnine west of Metinic It ((nitMiiis upward of one thousand acres of land. According to VViliiiini-\\nson, it had, in ls; _ alioiii om- liundred inliabitants, twelve or fourteen dwellings, and i school-\\nhouse. The alili -hoilicil men were en^^a^ i ii in tlie Hank lishcry the elders and boys in tending\\nthe flocks and tilling lliu soil. At iliat time lliere was not an otlicer of any kind upon the island\\nnot even a justice of the peace. The peojtle governed themselves according to local usage, and\\nwere strangers to taxation. A light-house was built on tiie island in 1824.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0114.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "MONHEGAN ISLAND. 105\\nan anchor on the north side of this island, about a league from the shore.\\nAbout two o clock our captain with twelve men rowed in his ship-boat to\\nthe shore, where we made no long stay, but Inded our boat with dry wood\\nof old trees uj^on the shore side, and returned to our ship, where we rode\\nthat night.\\nThis island is woody, grown with fir, birch, oak, and beech, as far as we\\nsaw along the shore and so likely to be Avithin. On the verge grow goose-\\nberries, strawberries, wild pease, and wild rose bushes. The water issued\\nforth down the cliifs in many places; and much fowl of divers kinds breeds\\nui^on the shore and rocks.\\nThe main-land possessed greater attraction for Weymouth. Thinking his\\nanchorage insecure, he brought his vessel the next day to the islands more\\nadjoining to the main, and in the road directly with the mountains, about\\nthree leagues from the island where he had first anchored.\\nI read this description while standing on the deck of the Katahdln^ and\\nfound it to answer admirably the conditions under which I then surveyed the\\nland. We were near enough to make out the varied features of a long line\\nof sea-coast stretching northward for many a mile. There were St. George s\\nIslands, three leagues distant, and more adjoining to the main. And there\\nwere the Camden Mountains in the distance.\\nWeymouth landed at Pemaquid, and traded with the Indians there. In\\norder to impress them with the belief that he and his comrades were super-\\nnatural beings, he caused his own and Hosier s swords to be touched with the\\nloadstone, and then with the blades took up knives and needles, much mys-\\ntifying the simple savages with his jugglery. It took, however, six whites\\nto capture two of the natives, unarmed and thrown off their guard by feigned\\nfriendship.\\nBut one compensation can be found for Weymouth s treachery in kidnap-\\ning five Indians here, and that is in the assertion of Sir F. Gorges that this\\ncircumstance first directed his attention to New England colonization. At\\nleast two of the captive Indians found their way back again. One returned\\nthe next year; another Skitwarres came over with Popham. A strange\\ntale these savages must have told of their adventures beyond seas.^\\nSome credence has been given to the report of the existence of a rock\\ninscription on Monhegan Island, supposed by some to be a reminiscence\\nA good many arguments may be found in the Collections of the Maine Historical Society\\nas to whether Weymouth ascended the Penobscot or the Kennebec. All assume Monhegan to\\nhave been the first island seen. This being conceded, the landmarks given in the text follow,\\nwithout reasonable ground for controversy.\\nIn 1G07 Weymouth was granted a pension of three shillings and fourpence per diem. Smith\\nwas at Monhegan in 1614, Captain Dermer in 1619, and some mutineers from Rocroft s ship had\\npassed the winter of 161 8 19 there. The existence of a small plantation is ascertained in 1622.\\nIn 1626 the island was sold to Giles Elbridge and Robert Aldworth for fifty pounds.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0115.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "106 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof the Northmen. The Society of Northern Antiquaries of Copenhagen has\\nreproduced it in their printed proceedings. The best informed American\\nantiquaries do not believe it to possess any archaeological significance. I\\nalso heard of another of the devil s foot-prints on Mananas, but did not\\nsee it.\\nBetween Monhegan and Peraaquid Point was the scene of the sea-fight\\nbetween the Enterprise and Boxer. Some of the particulars I shall relate I\\nhad of eye-witnesses of the battle.\\nIn September, 1814, the American brig Enterprise quitted Portsmouth\\nroads. She had seen service in the wars with the French Directory and\\nwith Algiers. She had been rebuilt in 1811, and had already gained the\\nname of a lucky vessel. Her cruising-ground was along the Maine coast,\\nwhere a sharp lookout was to be kept for privateers coming out of the ene-\\nmy s ports. In times past her commanders were such men as Sterrett, Hull,\\nDecatur, and Blakely, in whom was no more flinching than in the mainmast.\\nLieutenant Burrows, who now took her to sea, had been first oflicer of a\\nmerchant ship and a prisoner to the enemy. As soon as exchanged he was\\ngiven the command of the Enterp rise. He was a good seaman, bound up in\\nhis profession, and the darling of the common sailors. Taciturn and misan-\\nthropic among equals, he liked to disguise himself in a pea-jacket and visit\\nthe low haunts of his shipmates. It was believed he would be killed sooner\\nthan surrender.\\nThe Boxer had been fitted out at St. Johns Avith a view of meeting and\\nfighting the Enterprise. Every care that experience and seamanship could\\nsuggest had been bestowed upon her equipment. She was, moreover, a new\\nand strong vessel. In armament and crews the two vessels were about equal,\\nthe inferiority, if any, being on the side of the American. The two brigs were,\\nin fact, as equally matclied as could well be. Tliey were prepared, rubbed\\ndown, and polished off like pugilists by their respective trainers. They were\\nin quest of eacli other. The conquered, however, attributed their defeat to\\nevery cause but the true one, namely, that of being beaten in a fair fight on\\ntheir favorite element.\\nTlie Boxer, after worrying the fishermen, and keejnng the sea-coast vil-\\nlages in continual alarm, dropped anchor in Pemaquid Bay on Saturday, Sep-\\ntember 4th, 1814. There was then a small militia guard in old Fort Freder-\\nick. The inhabitants of P(Mnaqui I Point, fearing an attack, withdrew into\\nthe woods, where they heard at evening the music played on board the ene-\\nmy s cruiser.\\nThe next morning, a i)caci l ul Sabb.itli. the lookout of tlie Boxer made out\\ntlie Ei tirj)rlse coming down iVoni llic l\\\\\\\\ard with a iiiir wind. In an in-\\nstant the Briton s decks were alive witli men. Sails were let fall and sheet-\\ned home with marvelous (luiekness, ami tlie 7 o.wr, with every rag of canvas\\ns])read, stood out of the bay. From lu r ant-liorage to the westward of John s", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0116.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "MONHEGAN ISLAND.\\n10^\\nIsland, the Boxer, as she got under way, threw several shot over the island\\ninto the fort by Avay of farewell. Both vessels bore oiF the land about three\\nmiles, when they stripped to fighting canvas. The American, being to wind-\\nward, had the weather-gage, and, after taking a good look at her antagonist,\\nbrought her to action at twenty minutes past three o clock in the afternoon.\\nAnxious spectators crowded the shores; but after the first broadsides, for the\\nforty minutes the action continued, nothing could be seen except the flashes\\nof the guns both vessels were enveloped in a cloud. At length the firing-\\nslackened, and it Avas seen the Jjoxer s maintop-mast had been shot away.\\nThe battle was decided.\\nThis combat, which proved fatal to both commanders, was, for the time it\\nlasted, desperately contested. The Enterprise retnrned to Portland, with the\\nBoxer in company, on the Vth. The bodies of Captain Samuel Blythe, late\\ncommander of the English brig, and of Lieutenant William Burrows, of the\\nEnterprise, were brought on shore draped with the flags each had so bravely\\ndefended. The same honors were paid the remains of each, and they were in-\\nterred side by side in the cemetery at Portland. Blythe had been one of\\npoor Lawrence s pall-bearei s.\\nGRAVES OF BUKKOWS AND BLTTHE, PORTLAND.\\nThis was the first success that had befallen the American navy since the\\nloss of the Chesapeake. It revived, in a measure, the confidence that disaster\\nhad shaken. The Boxer went into action with her colors nailed to the mast\\na useless bravado that no doubt cost many lives. Her ensign is now among\\nthe trophies of the Naval Academy at Annapolis, while that of the Enter-\\nprise has but lately been reclaimed from among the forgotten things of the", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0117.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "108\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\npast, to array its tattered folds beside the flags of the Bonhomme Ridianl\\nand ofFort M llenry.\\nAmong the recollections of his Lost Youth, the author of Evangeline,\\na native of Portland, tells us:\\nI remember the sea-fight far away,\\nHow it thundered o er the tide!\\nAnd the dead captains, as they lay\\nIn their graves o erlooking the tranquil bay,\\nWhere they in battle died.\\nTills flag inspired the national lyric, The Star-spangled Banner.\\nburrows S MEDAL.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0118.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "GORGE, BALD HEAD CLIFF.\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nFROM AVELLS TO OLD YORK,\\nA shipman was there, wonned far by west;\\nFor aught I wot, he was of Dartemouth.\\nChauceu.\\nONE liot, slumbevous morning in August I found myself in the town of\\nWells. I was traveling, as New England ought to be traversed by ev-\\nery young man of average health and active habits, on foot, and at leisure,\\nalong the beautiful road to Old York. Now Wells, as Victor Hugo says of\\na village in Brittany, is not a town, but a street, stretching for five or six\\nmiles along the shore, and everywhere commanding an extensive and un-\\nbroken ocean view.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0119.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "110 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe place itself, though bristling with history, has been stripped of its\\nantiques, and is in appearance the counterpart of a score of neat, thrifty vil-\\nlages of my acquaintance. I paused for a moment at the site of the Storer\\ngarrison, in which Captain Converse made so manful a defense when Fron-\\ntenac, in 1692, let slip his French and Indians on our border settlements.\\nSome fragments of the timbers of the garrison are jn-eserved in the vicinity,\\none of which I saw among the collections of a village antiquary. In the an-\\nnals of Wells the names of John Wheelwright and of George Burroughs oc-\\ncur, the former celebrated as the founder of Exeter, the latter a victim of the\\nwitchcraft horror of 92.\\nJohn Wheelwright, the classmate and friend of Cromwell, fills a large\\nspace in the early history of the Bay Colony. A fugitive, like John Cotton,\\nfrom the persecutions of Laud, he came to Boston in 1636, and became the\\nj^astor of a church at Braintree, then forming part of Boston. He was the\\nbrother-in-law of the famous Ann Hutchinson, who was near creating a revo-\\nlution in W^inthrop s government,^ and shared her Antinomian opinions. For\\nthis he was banished, and became the founder of Exeter in 1638. In 1643,\\nMassachusetts having claimed jurisdiction over that town. Wheelwright re-\\nmoved to Wells, where he remained two years. Becoming reconciled to the\\nMassachusetts government, he removed to Hampton, was in England in 1657,\\nreturning to New England in 1660. He became pastor of the church in Salis-\\nbury, and died there in 1679; but the place of his burial, Allen says, is not\\nknown. He was the oldest minister in the colony at the time of his death,\\nand a man of pronounced character. The settlement of the island of Rhode\\nIsland occurred through the removal of William Coddington and others at\\nthe same time, and for the same reasons that caused tlie expulsion of Wheel-\\nwright from Boston, as Roger Williams had been expelled from Salem seven\\nyears before.\\nWheelwright s Deed has been the subject of a long and animated con-\\ntroversy among antiquaries some, like Mr. Savage, pronouncing it a forgery\\nbecause it is dated in 1629, tlie year before the settlement of Boston. This\\ndeed was a conveyance from the Indian sagamores to Wheelwright of the\\nland on which stands the flourishing town of Exeter; and although copies of\\nit have been recorded in several places, the original long ago disappeared.\\nCotton Mather, who saw it, testifies to its appearance of antiquity, and the\\nadvocates of its validity do not a])pear as yet to have the worst of the argu-\\nment.\\nColonel Storer kept up tlie stockades and one or iiioie of the (lankarts until after tlie year\\n1700, as a memorial rather than a defense.\\nTills relationsliip is disputed by Mr. Josejih L. Chester, the eminent :inti(iiinry. Winlln-op, it\\nwould seem, ought to have known Kliot and iVIien rejieat the authority, tlie latter giving tlie full\\nname of Mary lliitehinson.\\nlioth sides have tieen ahly presented by Dr. N. Hoiiton and lion. Cliarles II. Ik ll.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0120.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK. HI\\nGeorge Burroughs, who fell fighting against terrorism on Gallows Hill\\na single spot may claim in New England the terrible distinction of this name\\nwas, if tradition says truly, apprehended by officers of the Bloody Council\\nat the church door, as he was leaving it after divine service. A little dark\\nman, and an athlete, whose muscular strength was turned against him to fa-\\ntal account. An Indian, at Falmouth, had held out a heavy fowling-piece at\\narms -length by simply thrusting his finger in at the muzzle. Poor Bur-\\nroughs, who would not stand by and see an Englishman outdone by a red-\\nskin, repeated the feat on the spot, and this was the most ruinous piece of\\nevidence brought forth at his trial. A man could not be strong then, or the\\ndevil was in it.\\nThe road was good, and the way plain. As the shores are for some miles\\nintersected by creeks intrenched behind sandy downs, the route follows a\\nlevel shelf along the high land. There are pleasant strips of beach, where\\nthe sea breaks noiselessly when the wind is off shore, but where it comes\\nthundering in when driven before a north-east gale. Now and then a vessel\\nis embayed here in thick weather, or, fiiiling to make due allowance for the\\nstrong drift to the westw-ard, is set bodily on these sands, as the fishermen\\nsay, all standing. While I was in the neighborhood no less than three\\ncame ashore Avithin a few hours of each other. The first, a timber vessel,\\nmissing her course a little, went on the beach but at the next tide, by carry-\\ning an anchor into deep w^ater and kedging, she Avas floated again. Another\\nluckless craft struck on the rocks within half a mile of the first, and became\\na wreck, the crew owing their lives to a smooth sea. The third, a Bank\\nfisherman, was left by the ebb high up on a dangerous reef, with a hole in\\nher bottom. She was abandoned to the underwriters, and sold for a few dol-\\nlars. To the surprise even of the knowing ones, the shrewd Yankee who\\nbought her succeeded at low tide in getting some empty casks into her hold,\\nand brought her into port.\\nNotwithstanding these sands are hard and firm as a granite floor, they are\\nsubject to shiftings which at first appear almost unaccountable. Many years\\nago, while sauntering along the beach, I came across the timbers of a strand-\\ned vessel. So deeply were they imbedded in the sand, that they had the ap-\\npearance rather of formidable rows of teeth belonging to some antique sea-\\nmonster than of the work of human hands. How long the wreck had lain there\\nno one could say but at intervals it disappeared beneath the sands, to come\\nto the surface again. I have often walked over the spot where it lay buried\\nout of sight and yet, after the lapse of years, there it was again, like a grave\\nthat would not remain closed.\\nA few years ago, an English vessel, the Clotilde, went ashore on Wells\\nBeach, and remained there high and dry for nearly a year. She was deeply\\nladen with railway iron, and, after being relieved of her cargo, Avas success-\\nfully launched. During the time the ship lay on the beach, she became so", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0121.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "112 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nOLD WRECKS ON THE BEACH.\\ndeeply buried in the sand tliat a person might walk on board without diffi-\\nculty. Ways were built underneath her, and, after a terrible wrenching, she\\nwas got afloat. Heavy objects, such as kegs of lead paint, and even pigs of\\niron, have been exposed by the action of the waves, after having, in some in-\\nstances, been twenty years under the surfiice. I have picked up whole bricks,\\nlost overboard from some coaster, that have come ashore with their edges\\nsmoothly rounded by the abrasion of the sand and sea. There is an authen-\\ntic account of the re- appearance of a wrecked ship s caboose more than a\\nliundred and seventy years after her loss on Cape Cod. After a heavy east-\\nerly gale, the beach is always sprinkled with a fine, dark gravel, which disap-\\npears again with a few days of ordinary weather.\\nBesides being the inexhaustible resource of summer idlers, the beach has\\nits practical aspects. The sand, fine, Nvhite, and sharp, is not only used by\\nbuilders and there is no fear of exhausting the supply but is hauled away\\nby fjxrmers along shore, and housed in their barns as bedding for cattle, or to\\nmix with heavy soils. The sea-weed and kelp that comes ashore in such vast\\n(piantitics after a heavy blow is carefully harvested, and goes to enrich the\\nlands with its lime and salt. It formerly supplied the commercial demand\\nibr soda, and was gathered on the coasts of Ireland, Scotland, France, and\\nSpain for the ])urpose. It is the varec of Brittanj and Normandy, the blan-\\nquette of Frontignan and Aigues-mortes, and the salicor of Narbonne. After\\nbeing dried, it was reduced to ashes in rude furnaces. Iodine is also the\\n])roduct of sea-weed. You may sometimes see at high-water mark winrows\\nof Irish moss {carrageen) bleaching in the sun, though for my blanc-mange I\\ngive the preference to that cast up on the shingle, as more free from sand.\\nThis ])lant grows only on the fiirthest ledges. The pebble usually heaped\\nabove the line of sand, or in little coves among the ledges, is used for ballast,\\nand for mcndin j roads and Lrarden-walks. Turning to the sandv waste that", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0122.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK. 113\\nskirts the beach, I seldom fail of finding the beach-pea, with its beautiful blos-\\nsoms of blue and purple. In spring the vine is edible, and has been long\\nused tor food by the poorer people.\\nThe beach is much frequented after a storm by crows in quest of a dinner\\nalfresco. They haunt it as persistently as do the wreckers, and seldom fail\\nof finding a stranded fish, a crab, or a mussel. They are the self-appointed\\nscavengers of the strand, removing much of the oftal cast up by the sea. The\\ncrow is a crafty fellow, and knows a thing or two, as I have had reason to\\nobserve. The large sea-mussel is much affected by him, and when found is\\nat once pounced upon. Taking it in his talons, the crow flies to the nearest\\nledge of rocks, and, calculating his distance with mathematical eye, lets his\\nprize fall. Of course the mussel is dashed in pieces, and the crow proceeds\\nto make a frugal meal. I have seen this operation frequently repeated, and\\nhave as often scared the bird from his repast to convince myself of his suc-\\ncess.\\nHis method of taking the clam is equally ingenious. He walks upon the\\nclam-bank at low tide, and seizes upon the first unlucky head he finds pro-\\ntruding from the shell. Then ensues a series of laughable eiForts on the crow s\\npart to rise with his prey, while the clam tries in vain to draw in its head.\\nThe crow, after many sharp tugs and much flapping of his wings, finally se-\\ncures the clam, and disposes of him as he would of a mussel. The Indians,\\nwhose chief dependence in summer was upon shell-fish, complained that the\\nEnglish swine watched the receding tide as their women were accustomed to\\ndo, feeding on the clams they turned up with their snouts.\\nIn the olden time the beach was the high-road over which the settlers\\ntraveled when, as was long the case, it was their only way of safety. It was\\noften beset with danger; so much so that tradition says the mail from Ports-\\nmouth to Wells was for seven years brought by a dog, the pouch being at-\\ntached to his collar. This faithful messenger was at last killed by the sav-\\nages. For miles around this bay the long-abandoned King s Highway may\\nbe traced where it hugged the verge of the shore, climbing the roughest\\nledges, or crossing from one beach to another by a strip of shingle. Plere\\nand there an old cellar remains to identify its course and tell of the stern\\nlives those pioneers led.\\nWhen the tide is out, I also keep at low-water mark, scrambling over\\nledges, or delving among the crannies for specimens. It does not take long\\nto fill your pockets with many-hued pebbles of quartz, jasper, or porphyry\\nthat, in going a few rods farther, you are sure to reject for others more brill-\\niant. At full sea I walk along the shore, where, from between those envi-\\nous little stone walls, I can still survey the Unchanged.\\nAfter all that has been printed since the Tractatus Petri Hispani, it is\\na question whether there are not as many popular superstitions to-day among\\nplain New England country-folk as at any time since the settlement of the\\n8", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0123.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "114 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ncountry. The belief in the virtue of a horseslioe is unabated. At York I\\nsaw one nailed to the end of a coaster s bowsprit. To spill salt, break a look-\\ning-glass, or dream of a white horse, are still regarded as of sinister augury.\\nA tooth-pick made from a splinter of a tree that has been struck by lightning-\\nis a sure preventive of the toothache. Exceeding all these, however, is the\\ngenerally accepted superstition tliat has led to the practice of bathing on\\n8aco Beach on the 26th of June in each year. On this day, it is religiously\\nbelieved that the waters, like Slloam of old, have miraculous power of healing\\nall diseases with which humanity is afflicted. The people flock to tlie beach\\nfrom all the country round, in every description of vehicle, to dip in the en-\\nchanted tide. A similar belief existed with regard to a medicinal spring on\\nthe River Dee, in Scotland, called Januarich Wells, one author gravely assert-\\ning that so great was the faith in its efficacy that those afflicted with broken\\nlegs have gone there for restoration of the limb.\\nI have found it always impracticable to argue with the pilgrims as to the\\ngrounds of their belief. They are ready to recount any number of wonder-\\nful cures at too great a distance for my investigation to reach, and may not,\\ntherefore, be gainsaid. It is a custom.\\nAll this time I was nearing Ogunquit, a little fishing village spliced to\\nthe outskirts of Wells, being itself within the limits of York. At my right\\nI caught a glimpse of the green bulk of Mount Agamenticus, and on the oth-\\ner hand, almost at my elbow, was the sea. So we marched on, as it were, arm\\nin arm; for I was beginning to feel pretty well acquainted with a companion\\ntliat ke])t thus constantly at my side. This morning it was Prussian blue,\\nwhi(;h it presently put off for a warmer hue. There it lay, sunning itself,\\ncool, silent, impenetrable, like a great blue turquoise on the bare bosom of\\nMother Earth, nor looking as if a little ruffling of its surfixce could put it in\\nsuch a towering passion.\\nMy sachel always contains a luncheon, a book, and a telescopic drinking-\\ncup. At noon, Iiaving left eight miles of road behind me, I sought the shel-\\nter of a tree by the romlside, and found my appetite by no means im])aired\\nby the jaunt. At such a time I road, like Rousseau, while eating, in default\\nof a tete-a-tete. I alternately devour a page and a piece. Wliile under my\\ntree, a cow came to partake of the shade, of which there was enough for both\\nof us. She gazed at me witli a calm, but, as I conceived also, a puzzled look,\\nruminating meanwhile, or stretcliing out her liead and snuffing the air within\\na ibot of my hiind. Pci-hnps she was wondering whether I had two stomachs,\\nand a tail to brush ofl the llics.\\nFrom tlie village of Ogunfiuit theiv are two roads. I chose tlie one which\\nkc])t the slioi c, in order to t:ike in my way Bald Head Cliff, a natural curios-\\nity well wortli going some distance to sec. The road so winds across the\\nrocky waste on whicli the village is in ])art built that in some places you al-\\nmost double on your own footsteps. Occasionally a narrow lane issues from", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0124.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK. 115\\namong the ledges, tumbling rather than descending to some little cove, where\\nyou catch a glimpse of bro\\\\vn-]-oofed cottages and a fishing-boat or two, snug-\\nly moored. The inhabitants say there is not enough soil in Ogunquit with\\nwhich to repair the roads, a statement no one who tries it with a vehicle will\\nbe inclined to dispute. Literally the houses are built upon rocks, incrusted\\nwith yellow lichens in room of grass. Wherever a dip occurs through which\\na little patch of blue sea peeps out, a house is posted, and I saw a few care-\\nfully-tended garden spots among hollows of the rock in which a handful of\\nmould had accumulated. The wintry aspect is lit tie short of desolation\\nin storms, from its elevation and exposure, the place receives the full shock\\nof the tempest, as you may see by the Aveather-stained appearance of the\\nhouses.\\nA native directed me by a short cut how to take another ox-bow out of\\nthe road, and in a few minutes I stood on the brow of the cliif. What a\\nsight The eye spans twenty miles of sea horizon. Wells, with its white\\nmeeting-houses and shoi e hotels, was behind me. Far up in the bight of the\\nbay Gi-eat Hill headland, Hart s and Gooch s beaches the latter mere rib-\\nbons of white sand gleamed in the sunlight. Kennebunkport and its ship-\\nyards lay beneath yonder smoky cloud, with Cape Porpoise Light beyond.\\nThere, below me, looking as if it had floated off from the main, was the barren\\nrock called the Nubble, the farthest land in this direction, with Cape Neddock\\nharbor in full view. All the rest was ocean. The mackerel fleet that I hail\\nseen all day fifty sail, sixty, yes, and more was off Boon Island, witli their\\njibs down, the solitary gray shaft of tlie light -house standing grimly up\\namong the white sails, a mile-stone of the sea.\\nThere are very few who would be able to approach the farthest edge of\\nthe precipice called the Pulpit, and bend over its sheer face without a quick-\\nening of the pulse. As in all these grand displays in which Nature puts forth,\\nher powers, you shrink in proportion as she exalts herself. For the time being,\\nat least, the conceit is taken out of you, and you are thoroughly put down..\\nHere is a perpendicular wall of rock ninety feet in height (as well as I could\\nestimate it), and about a hundred and fifty in length, with a greater than Ni-\\nagara raging at its foot a rock buttress, with its foundations deeply root-\\ned in the earth, breasting off the Atlantic and the massy fragments lying\\nsplintered at its base, or heaved loosely about the summit, told of many a\\ndesperate wrestling-match, with a constant gain for the old athlete. The\\nsea is gnawing its way into the coast slowly, but as surely as the cataract\\nis approaching the lake; and the cliff, though it may for a thousand years\\noppose this terrible battering, will at last, like some sea fortress, crumble\\nbefore it.\\nUnderneath the cliff is one of those curious basins hollowed out almost\\nwith the regularity of art, in which a vessel of lai ge tonnage might be float-\\ned. On the farther side of this basin, the ledges, though jagged and wave-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0125.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "^^Q THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nworn aoscend with regular incline, making a sort of platform. On the top\\nof the clitf the rock debris and line of soil show unmistakably that in severe\\ncrales the sea leaps to this great height, drenching the summit with salt spray.\\nAt such a time the sea must be superb, though awful for I doubt if a human\\nbeincr could stand erect before such a storm.\\nThe exposed side of Bald Head Cliff faces south of east, and is the result\\nof ao-cs of wear and tear. The sea undermines it, assails it in front and trom\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0vU sides Here are dikes, as at Star Island, in which the trap-rock has given\\nwav to the continual pounding, thus affording a vantage-ground for the great\\nliftin- power of the waves. The strata of rock lie in perpendicular masses\\nwelded to-ether as if by fire, and injected with crystal quartz seams, knotted\\nlike veins^in a Titan s forehead. Blocks of granite weighing many tons,\\nhoney-combed by the action of the water, are loosely piled where the chtt\\noverhano-s tl.e waves; and you may descend by regular steps to the verge\\nof the abyss The time to inspect this curiosity is at low tide, when, if there\\nbe sea enough, the waves come grandly in, whelming the shaggy rocks, down\\nwhose sideslx hundred miniature cascades pour as the waters recede.\\nBeneath the cliff the incoming tides have worn the trap-rock to glassy\\nsmoothness, rendering it difficult to walk about when they are wetted by the\\nspray From this stand-point it is apparent the wall that rises before you is\\nthe remaining side of one of those chasms which the sea has driven right into\\nthe heart of t1ie crag. Tlic other face is what lies scattered about on all sides\\nin picturesque ruin. If the view from the summit was invigorating, the sit-\\nuation below was far from inspiring. It needed all the cheerful light and\\nwarmth the afternoon sun could give to brighten up that bleak and rugged\\nshore Tlie spot had for me a certain sombre fascination; for it was here,\\nmore than thirty years ago, tlie Mdorc, a brand-new vessel, and only a few\\nhours from port, was lost with every soul on board. Often have 1 h.aid the\\ntale of that winter s night from relatives of tlie ill-fated ship s crew; and as I\\n8tood here within their tomb, realizing the hopelessness of human effort when\\nopposed to those merciless crags, I thought of Scliiller s lines:\\nOh tiKiny :v b:uk to thiit breast gnipiiletl fast\\nHas gone down to tlic fearful and fatlioinlcss grave;\\nAgain, craslicd together tlie keel and the mast,\\nTo he seen tossed aloft in the glee of the wave!\\nLike the growth of a storm, ever londcr and clearer,\\nGrows the roar of the gulf lising nearer and nearer.\\nOver there, wliere the smoke lies above tlie tree-tops, is Kennebunkport,\\nwhere they build as staun -h vessels as float on any sea. The vilhige and its\\nship-yards lie along the banks of :i lltlh livrr, ..r, more properly speaking, an\\narm of tlie sea. It is a queer old place, or rather was, before it became trans-\\n1 Once, and much better, Arundel, from the Karl of Arundel.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0126.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK. HY\\nlated into a summer resort but now silk jostles homespun, and for three\\nmonths in the year it is invaded by an army of pleasure-seekers, who ransack\\nits secret places, and after taking- their fill of sea and shore, flee before the\\nfirst frosts of autumn. The town then hibernates.\\nThe Isidore was built a ^e\\\\v miles up river, where the stream is so narrow\\nand crooked that you can scarce conceive how ships of any size could be suc-\\ncessfully launched. At a point below the Landing the banks are so near\\ntogether as to admit of a lock to retain the full tide when a launch took place.\\nA big ship usually brings up in the soft ooze of the opposite bank, but is got\\noiFat the next flood by the help of a few yoke of oxen and a strong hawser.\\nBesides its ship-building, Kennebunkport once boasted a considerable com-\\nmerce with the West Indies, and the foundations of many snug fortunes have\\nbeen laid in rum and sugar. The decaying wharves and empty Avarehouses\\nnow tell their own story.\\nI was one afternoon at the humble cottage of a less ancient, though more\\ncoherent, mariner than Coleridge s, who, after forty years battling with storms,\\nwas now laid up like an old hulk that will never more be fit for sea. Togeth-\\ner we rehearsed the first and last voyage of the Isidore.\\nThirty years ago come Thanksgiving, said Ben, in a voice pitched be-\\nlow liis usual key, the Isidore lay at the wharf with her topsails loose, wait-\\ning for a slant of wind to put to sea. She was named for the builder s daugh-\\nter, a mighty pretty gal, sir; but the boys didn t like the name because it\\nsounded outlandish-like, and would have rather liad an out-an -out Yankee\\none any day of the week.\\nThere is, then, I suggested, something in a name at sea as well as\\nashore\\nLor bless your dear soul, I ve seen them barkeys as could almost ship a\\ncrew for nothing, they had such spanking, saucy names. Captain R was\\nas good a sailor as ever stepped, but dretful profane. lie was as brave as a\\nlion, and had rescued the crew of an Englishman from certain death while\\ndrifting a helpless wreck before a gale. No boat could live in the sea that\\nwas running; but Captain R bore down for the sinking ship, and passed\\nit so close that the crew saved themselves by jumping aboard of him. Seven\\nor eight times he stood for that wreck, until all but one man were saved. He\\nhad the ill-luck afterward to get a cotton ship ashore at Three Acres, near\\nwhere the Isidore was lost, and said, as I ve heard, he hoped the next ves-\\nsel that went ashore he should be under her keel. He had his wish, most\\nlikely.\\nThe Isidore was light, just on top of water, and never ought to have\\ngone to sea in that plight; but she had been a good while wind-bound, and\\nall hands began to be impatient to be off Her crew, fifteen as likely lads as\\never reefed a topsail, all belonged in the neighborhood. One of em didn t\\nfeel noways right about the v y ge, and couldn t make up his mind to go un-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0127.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "118 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ntil the ship Avas over the bar, when he liad to be set aboard in a wherry.\\nAnother dreamed three nights running tlie same dream, and every blessed\\ntime lie saw the Isidore strike on a lee shore with the sea a-flyiug as high as\\nthe maintop. Every time he woke up in a cold sweat, with the cries of his\\nshipmates ringing in his ears as plain as we hear the rote on Gooch s Beach\\nthis minute. So, when the Isidore set her colors and dropped down the river,\\nJoe, though he had signed the articles and got the advance, took to the\\nwoods. Most every body thought it scandalous for the ship to unmoor, but\\nCaptain R said he would go to sea if he went to h 1 the uext minute.\\nDretful profane man, sir dretful.\\nThe weather Avarn t exactly foul weather, and the sea was smooth\\nenough, but all the air there was was dead ahead, and it looked dirty to\\nwind ard. The ship slipped out through the piers, and stood off to the east-\\nard on the port tack. I recollect she was so nigh the shore that I could see\\nwho was at the wheel. She didn t work handy, for all the ropes were new\\nand full of turns, and I knew they were having it lively aboard of her. Early\\nin the afternoon it began to snow, first lightly, then thick and fast, and the\\nwind began to freslien up considerable. The ship made one or two tacks to\\nwork out of the bay, but about four o clock it closed in thick, and we lost\\nlier.\\nI saw tlie Xubble all night long, for the snow come in gusts; but it\\nblowed fresh from the no th-east resA, lie repeated, raising his eyes to mine\\nand shaking his gray head by way of emphasis. I was afeard tlie ship was\\nin the bay, and couldn t sleep, but went to the door and looked out between\\nwhiles.\\nIt was, indeed, as I have heard, a dreadful night, and many a vigil was\\nkept by wife, mother, and sweetheart. At day-break the snow lay heaped in\\ndrifts in tlie village streets and garden areas. It was not long before a mes-\\nsenger came riding in at full speed with the news that the shores of Ogun-\\n(juit were fringed with the wi eck of a large vessel, and that not one of her\\ncrew was left to tell the tale. The word passed from house to house. Si-\\nlence and gloom reigned within the snow-beleaguered village.\\nIt was sui)])osed the ship struck about midnight, as the Oguncpiit fisher-\\nmen heard in their cabins cries and groans at this hour above the noise of\\nthe tempest. They were powerless to aid no boat could have been launch-\\ned in that sea. If any liglits were shown on board the ship, they were not\\nseen; neither were any guns heard. Tiie ropes, stiffened with ice, would not\\nrun through the sheaves, which rendered the working of the ship difficult,\\nif not iin])Ossible. No doubt the doomed vessel drove helplessly to her de-\\nstruction, the iVozeii sails hanging idly to the yards, while her exhausted\\ncrew miserably ])erished with the liglits of their homes before their eyes.\\nAll the morning after the wreck the people along shore were searching\\namidst the tangled masses of drift and sea-wrack the storm had cast up for", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0128.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK.\\n119\\nTHE MORNING KOUND.\\nthe remains of the crew. They were too much mangled for recognition, ex-\\ncept in a single instance. Captain G a passenger, liad by accident put\\non his red-flannel drawers the wrong side out the morning the Isidore sailed,\\nobserving to his wife\\nthat, as it was good\\nluck, he would not\\nchange them. One _^ _\\nleg was found en- V-\\ncased in the drawers.\\nThe mutilated frag-\\nments were brought\\nto the village, and\\nburied in a common\\ngrave.\\nSome of the old\\npeople at the Port\\ndeclare to this day\\nthat on the night of\\nthe wreck they heard\\nshrieks as plainly as ever issued from human throats; and you could not ar-\\ngue it out of them, though the spot where the Isidore s anchors were found\\nis ten miles away. As for Joe B the runaway, he can not refrain from\\nshedding tears when the Isidore is mentioned.\\nBut, Ben, do you believe in dreams I asked, with my hand on the latch.\\nB leeve in dreams he repeated why, Joe s a living man but where s\\nhis mates?\\nPerhaps they\\nDied as men should die, clinging round their lonely wreck,\\nTheir winding-sheet the sky, and their sepulchre the deck;\\nAnd the steersman held the helm till his breatii\\nGrew faint and fainter still\\nThere was one short fatal thrill,\\nTiien he sank into the chill\\nArms of Death.\\nI turned away from the spot with the old sailor s words in mind: A\\nwicked place where she struck and the sea drove right on. A ragged j^lace,\\nsir ragged.\\nLeaving the cliff, I struck across the pastures to the road, making no far-\\nther halt except to gather a few huckleberries that grew on high bushes by\\nthe roadside. The fruit is large, either black or blue, with an agreeable\\nthough different flavor from any of the low -bushed varieties. The local\\nname for the shrub is bilberry. It frequently grows higher than a man s\\nhead, and a single one Avill often yield nearly a quart.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0129.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "120 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nIt was a year of plenty, and I had seen the pickers busy in the berry\\npastures as I passed by. The fruit, being for tlie time a sort of currency\\nnot quite so hard, by-tlie-bye, as the musket-bullets of the colonists is re-\\nceived in barter at the stores. Whole families engage in the harvest, making\\nfair wages, the annual yield exceeding in value that of the corn crop of the\\nState. Maine grows her corn on the Western prairies, and pays for it with\\ncanned fish and berries.\\nAt the village store I saw a woman drive up with a bushel of huckle-\\nberries, with which she bought enough calico for a gown, half a pound of\\ntobacco, and some knickknacks for the children at home. Affixed in a con-\\nspicuous place to the wall was the motto, Quick sales and small profits.\\nHalf an hour was spent in beating the shop-keeper down a cent in the yard,\\nand another quarter of an hour to induce him to heave in, as she said, a\\nspool of cotton. The man, after stoutly contesting the claim, finally yielded\\nboth points. The woman, thought I, evidently only half believes in your\\nseductive motto.\\nAll along the road I had met women and children, going or returning,\\nwith pails or baskets. One man, evidently a fast picker, had filled the sleeves\\nof iiis jacket with berries, after having first tied them at the wrists. Anoth-\\ner, who vaulted over the stone wall at my side, when asked if he was going\\nto try the huckleberries, replied,\\nWa al, yes; think I ll try and accumulate a few.\\nDesceiuling the last liill before reaching Cape Neddock Harbor, I had a\\ngood view of the Nubble, which several writers have believed was the Savage\\nRock of Gosnold, and the first land in New England to receive an English\\nname. The reliable accounts of the early voyagers to our coasts are much\\ntoo vague to enable later historians to fix the points where they made the\\nland with the confidence with which many undertake to fix them. A care-\\nful examination of these accounts justifies the opinion that Gosnold made liis\\nlandfall oft Agamenticus, and first dropped anchor, since leaving Falmouth,\\nat Cape Ann. The latitude, if accurately taken, would of itself put the ques-\\ntion beyond controversy; but as the methods of observing the exact position\\nof a ship were greatly inferior to what they became later in the seventeenth\\ncentury, I at first doubted, and was then constiained to admit, that the reck-\\noning of Gosnold, Pring, and CIiatn])lain ought to be accepted as trustworthy.\\nGabriel Archei who was with Gosnold, says, They held tlieinselvcs by compu-\\ntation well ncere the latitude of 43 degrees, or a little nt)rth\\\\vai l of the Isles\\nof Shoals. John IJrereton, also of Gosnold s company, says they fell in with the\\ncoast in thick weather, and first made land with the lead. By all accounts\\ntlie Concord, irO^woW ship, was to tln norlhward of Cape Ann. Lniid wn*?\\nsighte l at six in the morning of the 14th of iMay, 1G02, and Gosnold stood\\nliiir along by the shore until noon, which would have carried liim aci oss\\nIpswich Bay, even if the Concord were a dull sailer. In 1G03 Martin Piing", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0130.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK. 121\\nsailed over nearly the same track as Gosnokl. It is b}^ comparing these two\\nvova^es that Savage Rock appears to be located at Cape Ann.\\nPring, says Gorges, observing his instructions (to keep to the northward\\nas high as Cape Breton), arrived safely out and back, bringing with him the\\nmost exact discovery of that coast that ever came to my hands since and\\nindeed he was the best able to perform it of any I met withal to this present.\\nPring s relation wrought such an impression on Sir F. Gorges and Lord Chief-\\njustice Popham that, notwithstanding their first disasters, they resolved on\\nanother effort. He had no doubt seen and talked with Gosnold after his re-\\nturn perliaps had obtained from him his courses after be fell in with the\\ncoast.\\nTlie Speedwell, Pring s vessel, also made land in forty-three degrees. It\\nproved to be a multitude of small islands. Pring, after anchoring under the\\nlee of the largest, coasted the main-land with his boats. The narrative con-\\ntinues to relate that they came to the mayne in 43^, and ranged to south-\\nAvest, in which course we found several inlets, the more easterly of which\\nwas barred at the mouth. Having passed over the bar, we ran up into it five\\nmiles. Coining oat and sailing south-west, we lighted upon two other inlets;\\nthe fourth and most westerly was best, which we rowed up ten or twelve\\nmiles. Between forty-three and forty-three and a half degrees are the Saco,\\nthen barred at the mouth, the Mousam, York, and the Piscataqua, the most\\nwesterly and best.\\nWe (meeting with no sassafras) to follow the narrative left these\\nplaces and shaped our course for Savage s Hocks, discovered the year before\\nby Captain Gosnold. Savage Rock, then, was by both these accounts\\n(Archer and Pring) to the southward of foity-three degrees, vvdiile the Nub-\\nble, or rather Agamenticus, is in forty-three degrees sixteen minutes,\\nDeparting hence, we bare into that great gulf which Captain Gosnold\\novershot the year before. This could be no other than Massachusetts Bay,\\nfor Gosnold, according to Brereton, after leaving Savage Rock, shaped his\\ncourse southward standing off southerly into the sea the rest of that\\nday and night (May 15th), and on the following morning found himself era-\\nbayed with a miglity head hand, which was Cape Cod. Pring, on the con-\\ntrarj^, steered into the bay, coasting, and finding people on the north side\\nthereof. If my conjecture be correct, he was the first English mariner in\\nBoston Bay,\\nIt is hardly possible that a navigator falling in with the New England\\ncoast in forty-three or forty-three and a half degrees, and steering south-west,\\nshould not recognize in Cape Ann one of its remarkable features, or pass it\\nby unperceived in the night. He would have been likely to find Savage Rock\\nand end his voyage at the same moment. Champlain and Smith are both in\\nAn old sea-chart says, Saco River bear place at low water.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0131.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "122 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nevidence. The former, Avho examined the coast minutely two years after\\nPriiig (June, 1605), lias delineated Cap des Isles on his map of 1612,\\nwhich accompanied the first edition of his voyages. The account he gives\\nof its position is as clear as that of Archer is obscure. Says the Frenchman,\\nin his own way\\nMettant le cap au su pour nous esloigner afin de mouiller I ancre, ayant\\nfait environ deux lieux nous appergumes un cap a la grande terre au su quart\\nde suest de nous ou il pouvoit avoit six lieues; a I est deux lieues apper9umes\\ntrois ou quatre isles assez hautes et a I ouest un grand cu de sac.\\nHere are the bearings of Cape Ann, the Isles of Shoals, and of Ipswich\\nBay defined with precision. Champlain also puts the latitude of Kennebunk\\nRiver at forty-three degrees twenty-five minutes, Avhich shows Pring could\\nhai dly have explored to the eastward of Cape Elizabeth. Smith, in 1614, de-\\nscribed Cape Ann and Cape Cod as the two great headlands of New England,\\ngiving to the former the name of Tragabigzanda but Champlain had pre-\\nceded him, as Gosnold had preceded Champlain. On the whole, Gosnold,\\nPi ing, and Champlain agree remarkably in their latitude and in their itin-\\nerary.\\nAt Cape Neddock I put up, or rather was put up an expression ap-\\nplied alike to man and beast in every public-house in New England at the\\nold Freeman Tavern, a famous stopping-place in by-gone years, Avlien the mail-\\ncoach between Boston and Portland passed this way. Since I knew it the\\nhouse had been brushed up with a coat of paint on the outside, the tall sign-\\npost was gone, and notliing looked quite natural except the capacious red\\nbarn belonging to the liostel. The bar-room, however, was unchanged, and\\nthe aroma of old Santa Cruz still liTigered there, though the pretty hostess\\nassured me, on the word of a landlady, there was nothing in the house strong-\\ner than small beer. It was not so of yore, when all coiners appeared to have\\ntaken the famous Ilighgate oath Never to drink small beer when you\\ncould get ale, unless you liked small beer best.\\nThe evening tempted me to a stroll down to the liarbor, to see the wood-\\ncoasters go out with the flood. Afterward I walked on the beach. Tlie full\\nmoon shone out clear in the heavens, lighting up a radiant aisle incrusted\\nwith silver pavement on tiie still waters, bi oad at the shore, receding until\\nlost in the deepening mystery of the farther sea. The ground-swell rose and\\nfell with regular heaving, as of Old Ocean asleep. As a breaker wavered and\\ntoppled over, a bright gleam ran along its broken arch like the swift Hash-\\ning of a train. Occasionally some craft crossed the moon s track, where it\\nstood out for a moment with surpiising distinctness, to be swallowed up an\\ninstant later in the surrounding blackness. Boon Island had unclosed its\\nbrilliant eye its light in the window for the mariner. It had been a perfect\\nday, but the night was enchanting.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0132.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "WUAT TUE SEA CAN DO.\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nAGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY.\\nLand of the forest and tlie rock,\\nOf dark-blue lake and mighty river,\\nOf mountains reared aloft t6 mock\\nThe storm s career, tlie lightning s shock\\nMy own green land forever.\\nWhittier.\\nHO for Agamenticus It is an old saying, attributed to the Iron Duke,\\nthat when a man wants to turn over it is time for him to turn out. As\\nthere are si.x: good miles to get over to the mountain, and as many to return,\\nI was early astir. The road is chiefly used by w^ood teams, and was well\\nbeaten to within half a mile of the hills. From thence it dwindled into a\\ngreen lane, which in turn becomes a footpath bordered by dense under-\\ngrowth. Agaraenticus is not a high mountain, although so noted a land-\\nmark. There are in reality three summits of nearly equal altitude, ranging\\nnortli-east and south-west, tlie westernmost being the highest. At the mount-\\nain s foot is a scattei-ed hamlet of a few unthrifty-looking cabins, tenanted by\\nwood-cutters, for, notwithstanding the axe has played sad havoc in the neigh-\\nboring forests, there are still some clumps of tall pines there fit for the king s\\nships. You obtain your first glimpse of the hills Avhen still two miles dis-\\ntant, the road then crossing the country for the rest of the way, with the\\nmountain looming up before you.\\nAlong shore, and in the country-side, the people call the mount indifler-\\nently Eddymenticus and Head o Menticus. Some, who had lived with-\\nin a few miles of it since childhood, told me they had never had the curios-\\nity to try the ascent. One man, who lived within half a mile of the base of", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0133.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "124 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe western hill, had never been on any of the others. Tlie name is unmis-\\ntakably of Indian origin. General Gookin, in his Historical Collections of\\nthe Indians in New England, written in 1674, has the following in relation to\\nthe tribes inhabiting this I egion The Pawtnckett is the fifth and last great\\nsacheniship of Indians. Their conntry lieth north and north-east from the\\nMassachnsetts, whose dominion reacheth so far as the English jurisdiction,\\nor colony of the Massachusetts, now doth extend, and had under them sev-\\neral other small sagamores, as the Pennacooks, Agawomes, Naamkeeks, Pas-\\ncatawayes, Accomintas, and others.\\nThe climb is only fatiguing; it is not at all difficult. The native forest\\nhas disappeared, but a new growth of deciduous trees, with a fair sprinkling\\nof evergreens, is fast replacing it. In some places the slender stems of the\\nbirch or pine shoot up, as it were, out of the solid rock. Following the dry\\nbed of a moiuitain torrent, and turning at every step to Avonder and admire,\\nin half an hour I stood on the top. The summit contains an acre or more of\\nbare gi anite ledge, with tufts of wiry grass and clumps of tangled vines grow-\\ning among the crevices. Some scattered blocks had been collected at the\\nhighest i)oint, and a cairn built. I seated myself on the topmost stone of the\\nmonument.\\nA solitary mountain lifting itself above the surrounding country is always\\nimpressive. Agamenticus seems an outpost of the Wliite Hills, left stranded\\nhere by the glacier, or upheaved by some tremendous throe. The day was\\nnot of the clearest, or, rather, tlie morning mists still hung in heavy folds\\nabout the ocean, making it look from my airy perch as if sky and sea had\\nchanged phujes. Capes and headlands were revealed in a striking and mys-\\ntical way, as objects dimly seen through a veil. Large ships resembled toys,\\nexcept that tlie blue space grasped by the eye was too vast for playthings.\\nCape Elizabeth northwaid and Cape Ann in the southern board stretched far\\nout into the sea, as if seeking to draw tribute of all passing ships into the\\n])orts between. Here were the Isles of Shoals, lying in a heap together.\\nTiiat luminous, misty belt was Rye Beach. And here was the Piscataqua,\\nand here Portsmouth, Kittery, and Old York, with all the sea-shore villages\\nI had so lately traversed. As the sun rose higher, the murky curtain was\\nI olled away, and the oceati appeared in its brightest azure.\\nTlie sea is what you seldom tire of, especially where its nearness to the\\nchief New England marts sIumvs it crowded with sails bearing up for port.\\nCi aft of every build, ilags of every nation, pass Agamenticus and its three\\npeaks in endless pi occssion stately ships\\nThat court sy to tliom, do tliem reverence\\nAs they Hy by on their woven wings.\\nMassachusetts Historical Collections, 1792, vol. i.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0134.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY. I05\\nOld Ocean parts before tlie eager prow. You fancy you see the foam roll\\naway and go glancing astern. Here is a bark with the bottom of the Tagus,\\nand another with the sands of the Golden Horn, sticking to the anchor-iJnke;\\nand here a smoke on the horizon s rim heralds a swifter messenger from the\\nOld World some steamship climbing the earth s rotundity; and yet water,\\nthey sa}^ will not run up hill! When I looked forth upon this moving scene\\nmy lungs began to ci ow like chanticleer. I waved my hat, and shouted\\na good voyage to sailors that could not hear me. I had no fear of listen-\\ners, for the Old Man of the Mountain tells no tales. To stand on a mountain-\\ntop is better, to my mind,, than to be up any distance in a balloon. You have,\\nat least, something under you, and can come down when you like. What a\\nfulcrum Agamenticus would have made for the lever of Archimedes\\nLandward, the horizon is bounded by the W^hite Hills the Crystal\\nMountains, daunting terrible, of the first explorer. They look shadowy\\nenough at this distance seventy miles as the crow flies Mount Washington,\\ngrand and grim, its head muffled in a mantle of clouds, overtopping all. The\\nlofty ranges issuing from these resemble a broken wall as they stretch away\\nto the Connecticut, with Moosehillock towering above.\\nTo ine they seemed the barriers of a world,\\nSaying, Thus far, no farther!\\nThe busy towns of Dover and Great Falls, with the nearer villngos of Eliot\\nand Berwick, are grouped about in picturesque confusion, a spire peeping out\\nof a seeming forest, a broad river dwindling to a rivulet.\\nAfter feasting for an hour upon this sight, I became more than ever per-\\nsuaded that, except in that rare condition of the atmosphere when tlie W^hite\\nHills are visible far out to sea, Agamenticus must be the first land made out\\nin approaching the coast anywhere within half a degree of the forty-third\\nparallel. Juan Verazzani, perchance, certainly Masters Gosnold and Pring,\\nsaw it as plainly as I now saw the ships below me, where they had sailed.\\nI thought it fitting here, on the top of Agamenticus, with as good a map\\nof the coast spread before me as I ever expect to see, to hold a little cliat\\nwith the discoverers. If Hendrik Hudson haunts the fastnesses of the Cats-\\nkills and a veracious historian asserts that he has been both seen and spoken\\nwith why may not the shade of Captain John Smith be lurking about this\\nheadland, where of yore he trafficked, and, for aught I know, clambered as I\\nhave done?\\nRight over against me, though I could not see them, were the Basque\\nprovinces, whose people the Romans could not subdue, and whose language,\\nsays the old French pi overb, the devil himself could not learn. Cape Finis-\\nterre was there, with its shoals of sardines and its impotent conclusion of a\\nAn Irishman, Darby Field by name.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0135.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "126 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nname, as if it had been the end of the world indeed Archer says, in his\\nrelation of Gosnold s voyage, that the day before they made the land they\\nhad sweet smelling of the shore as from the southern cape and Andalusia, in\\nSpain. It was, says Breretcn, a Basque shallop, with mast and sail, an iron\\ngrapple and a kettle of copper, came boldly aboard of us. In 1578 there\\nwere a hundred sail of Spanish fishermen on the Banks of Newfoundland to\\nfifty English. Spanish Biscay sent twenty or thirty vessels there to kill\\nwhales; France sent a hundred and fifty; and Portugal fifty craft of small\\ntonnage to fish for cod. The Indians who boarded Gosnold could name Pla-\\ncentia and Newfoundland, and might have come from thence in their shallop,\\nsince they so well knew how to use it. But if Brereton s surmise was right,\\nthen some of those daring fellows from the Basse Pyrenees were first at Sav-\\nage Rock. He says, It seemed, by some words and signs they made, that\\nsome Basques, or of St. John de Luz, have fished or traded in this place, being\\nin the latitude of 43 degrees.\\nBecause there Avas no sassafras, it is not much we know about Savage\\nRock. Tlie root of this aromatic tree was worth in England three shillings\\nthe i50und, or three liundred and thirty-six pounds the ton, when Gosnold\\nfound store of it on the Elizabeth Islands but as he was informed, before\\nhis going forth that a ton of it would cloy England, few of his crew, ami\\nthose but easy laborers, were employed in gathering it. The powder of\\nsassafras, says Archer, in twelve hours cured one of our company that\\nhad taken a great surfeit by eating the bellies of dog-fish, a very delicious\\nmeat.\\nThat the medicinal qualities of sassafras were highly esteemed may be in-\\nferred from Avhat is said of it in An English Exi)Osition, printed at Cam-\\nbridge (England), in 1C7G, by John Hayes, printer to the University.\\n)Sassa/ras. A tree of great vertue, which groweth in Florida, in the\\nWest Indies; the rinde herof hath a sweete smell like cinnamon. It comfort-\\neth the liver and stomach, and openeth obstructions of the inward parts,\\nbeing hot and dry in the second degree. The best of the tree is the root,\\nnext the boughs, then the body, but the principal goodnesse of all rcsteth in\\nth6 rinde.\\nOne INIaster Robert INferiton, of Gosnold s company, Avas the finder of the\\nsassafras in these parts, from which it would aj\u00c2\u00bbpear that the shrub in its\\nwild state was liltle known to tlicse voyagers.\\nComing down from my high antiquarian steed, and from Agamenticus at\\nthe same time, I walked back to the tavern by dinner-time, having fully set-\\ntlcil in my own mind the olt- repeated question, the touch-stone by which\\neven one s pleasures nnisl be regulated, Will it pay? And I say it will pay\\nin solid nuggets of healthful enjoyment, even if no higher aspirations are de-\\nI mi-lias, vul. iv.. 1(517.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0136.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY. 127\\nveloped, in standing where at every instant man and his works diminish,\\nwhile those of the Creator expand before you.\\nDouglass remarks that Aquamenticus Hills were known among our sail-\\nors as a noted and useful land-making for vessels that fall in northward of\\nBoston or Massachusetts Bay.\\nLeaving my comfortable quarters at Cape Neddock, I pursued my walk\\nto Old York the same afternoon, taking the Long Sands in my way. It was\\nfarther by the beach than by the road, but as I was in no haste I chose the\\nshore. I noticed that the little harbor I had quitted was so shallow as to be\\nleft almost dry by the receding tide, the channel being no more than a riv-\\nulet, easily forded within a few rods of the sea. Between this harbor and\\nWells Bay I had passed several coves where, in a smooth sea and during a\\nwesterly wind, small vessels were formerly hauled ashore, and loaded with\\nwood at one tide with ease and safety. York Beach is about a mile across.\\nI did not find it a long one.\\nIt being low tide and a fine afternoon, the beach was for the time being\\nturned into a highway, broader and smoother than any race-course could be,\\nover which all manner of vehicles were being driven, from the old-fashioned\\ngig of the village doctor to the aristocratic landau, fresh from town. The\\nsands are hard and gently shelving, with here and there a fresh-water brook-\\nlet trickling through the bulk-head of ballast heaped up at the top by the\\nsea. These little streams, after channeling the beach a certain distance, dis-\\nappeared in the sand, just as the Platte and Arkansas sink out of sight into\\nthe plain.\\nThere was a fresh breeze outside, so that the coasters bowled merrily\\nalong with bellying sails before it, or else bent until gunwale under as they\\nhugged it close. The color of the sea had deepened to a steely blue. White\\ncaps were flying, and the clouds betokened more wind as they rose and un-\\nrolled like cannon-smoke above the horizon, producing effects such as Stan-\\nfield liked to transfer to his canvas. Mackerel gulls were wheeling and cir-\\ncling above the breakers with shrill screams. Down at low-water mark the\\nseas came bounding in, driven by the gale, leaping over each other, and beat-\\ning upon the strand with ceaseless roar.\\nThe beach, I saw, had been badly gullied by the late storm, but the sea,\\nlike some shrewish housewife, after exhausting its rage, had set about putting\\nthings to rights again. I found shells of the deep-sea mussel, of quahaug and\\ngiant sea clam, bleaching there, but did not see the small razor-clam I have\\n])icked up on Nahant and other more southerly beaches.\\nThe sea-mussel, as I have read, was in the olden time considered a cure for\\npiles and hemorrhoids, being dried and pulverized for the purpose. William\\nWood speaks of a scarlet mussel found at Piscataqua, that, on being pricked\\nwith a pin, gave out a purple juice, dying linen so that no washing would\\nwear it out. We mark our liandkerchiefs and shirts with it, says this", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0137.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "128 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nwriter. The large mussel is very tootlisome. Like the oyster and clam, it\\nwas dried for winter use by the Indians.\\nThe giant or hen clam-shell, found in every buttery witliin fifty miles of\\nthe coast, was the Indian s garden hoe. After a storm many clams would\\nbe cast up on the beaches, which the natives, taking out of the shells, carried\\nhome in baskets. A large shell will hold a plentiful draught of water, and is\\nunequaled for a milk -skimmer. Only a part of the fish is used for food, as\\nthere is a general belief that a portion is poisonous, like the head of a lobster.\\nMourt s relation of the landing of the pilgrims at Cape Cod says they found\\ngreat mussels, and very fat and full of sea-pearle, but we could not eat them,\\nfor they made us all sicke that did eat, as well saylers as passengers. As\\nthey are only found on the beach after an easterly storm, they become well\\nfilled with sand, and require thorough cleansing before cooking, while those\\ntaken from the water near the shore are better, because free from sand. The\\ncommon clam is not eaten along shore during the summer, except at the ho-\\ntels and boarding-houses, not being considered wholesome by the resident\\npopulation in any month that has not the letter R, The same idea is current\\nwith respect to the oyster. In either case the summer is inferior to the win-\\nter fish, and as Charles XII. once said of the army bread, It is not good, but\\nmay be eaten.\\nThere was but little sea-weed or kelp thrown up, though above high-water\\nmark I noticed large stacks of it ready to be liauled away, containing as\\nmany varieties as commonly grow among the rocks hereaway. But there\\nwere innumerable cockles and periwinkles lately come ashore, and emitting\\nno ])leasant odor. The natives used both these shells to manufacture their\\nwampum, or wampumpeag, the delicate inner wreath of tlie ])eriwinkle being\\npreferred. Now and then I picked up a sea-cliestnut, or whore s e^g as\\nthey are called by the fishermen. l ut the sand roller, or circle, is the curi-\\nosit) of the beach as a specimen of ocean handicraft. I passed many of them\\nscattered about, though a perfect one is rarely found, except on shallow bars\\nbeyond low-water mark. Looking down over the side of a boat, I liave seen\\nmore than I was able to count readily, but they are too fragile to bear the\\nbuffeting of the surf In appearance they are like a section taken oiFthe top\\nof a jug where the cork is put in, and as neath rounded as if turned oft a pot-\\nter s lathe. Naturalists call them the nest of the cockle.\\nGoing down the samls as far as the sea would allow, I remarked that the\\nnearest breakers were discolored with tlie rubbish of shredded sea-weed, and\\nIn Eii^^Iiiiul tliere is a cockle called the piirjile, from the coloring matter it contains, believed\\nto be one of tlie sources from which the celeliratcd I vrinn dye was obtained. The discovery is at-\\ntributed in mythical story to a dog. The Tyri:in IKmcuIcs was one day wnlking with his sweet-\\nheart l)y the shore, followed by her lap-dog, when the !inin\\\\al seized a siieil just cast npoTi the beach.\\nIts lips were stained witii the beaiiiifnl pm-ple flowing from the shell, and its mistress, charmed with\\nthe color, demanded a dress dyed with it of her lover.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0138.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY. 129\\nby the particles of sand they held in solution. As I walked on, countless sand-\\nfleas skipped out of my path, as I have seen grasshoppers in a stubble-field\\nout West. The sandpipers ran eagerly about in pursuit, giving little plaint-\\nive squeaks, and leaving their tiny tracks impressed upon the wet sand. Little\\nsprites they seemed as they chased the refluent wave for their food, sometimes\\novertaken and borne ofl their feet by the glancing surf. I remember having\\nseen a flock of hens scratching among the sea-moss for these very beach-fleas\\nin one of the coves I passed.\\nOld Neptune s garden contains as wonderful plants as any above high-\\nwater mark, though the latter do well with less watering. I have thought\\nthe botany of the sea worth studying, and, as it is sometimes inconvenient to\\npluck a plant or a flower when you want it, the beach is the place for speci-\\nmens. Some years ago delicate sea-mosses were in request. They were kept\\nin albums, pressed like autumn leaves, or displayed in frames on the walls at\\nhome. It was a pretty conceit, and employed manj^ leisure fingers at the\\nsea-side, but appears to have been discarded of late.\\nOne day, during a storm, I went down to the beach, to find it encumbered\\nwith devils apron and kelp, whitening where it lay. I picked up a plant\\nhaving a long stalk, slender and hollow, of more than ten feet in length, re-\\nsembling a gutta-percha tube. The root was firmly clasped around five deep-\\nsea mussels, while the other end terminated in broad, plaited leaves. It had\\nbeen torn from its bed in some sea-cranny, to be combined with terrestrial\\nvegetation but to the mussels it was equal whether they died of thirst or\\nof the grip of the talon-like root of the kelp. There were tons upon tons of\\nweed and moss, which the farmers were pitching with forks higher up the\\nbeach, out of reach of the sea, the kelp, as it was being tossed about, quiver-\\ning as if there were life in it. I found the largest mass of sponge I have ever\\nseen on shore as big as a man s head and was at a loss how to describe it,\\nuntil I thought of the mops used on shipboard, and made of rope-yarns for\\nthis body of sponge was composed of slender branches of six to twelve inches\\nin length, each branching again, coral-like, into three or four oftshoots. The\\npores were alive with sand-fleas, who showed great partiality for it.\\nWhat at first seems paradoxical is, that with the wind blowing directly\\non shore, the kelp will not land, but is kept just beyond the surf by the un-\\nder-tow; it requires an inshore wind to bring it in. One who has walked on\\nthe beach weaves of its sea-weed a garland\\nFrom Bermuda s reefs, from edges\\nOf sunken ledges,\\nOn some far-off, bright Azore\\nFrom Bahama and the dashing,\\nSilver-flashing\\nSurges of San Salvador\\nHf\\n9", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0139.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "130 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST,\\nEver drifting, drifting, drifting\\nOn the shifting\\nCurrents of the restless main.\\nI had before walked round the cape one way, and now, passing it from a\\ncontrary direction, had fairly doubled it. After leaving York Beach I push-\\ned on for Old York, finding little to arrest my steps, until at night-fall I ar-\\nrived at the harbor, after a twenty-mile tramp, with an appetite that augured\\nill for mine host.\\nIt was not my first visit to Old York, but I found the place strangely\\naltered from its usual quiet and dullness. The summer, as Charles Lamb\\nsays, had set iu with its usual severity, and I saw fishers in varnished boots,\\nboatmen in tight-fitting trowsers, and enough young Americans in navy blue\\nto man a fleet by-and-by. Parasols fluttered about the fields, and silks swept\\nthe wet floor of the beach. I had examined with a critical eye as I walked\\nthe impressions of dainty boots in the sand, keeping step with others of more\\nmasculine shape, and marked where the pace had slackened or quickened,\\nand where the larger pair had diverged for a moment to pick up a stone or a\\npebble, or perchance in hurried self-communing for a question of mighty im-\\nport. Sometimes the foot-prints diverged not to meet again, and I saw the\\ngentleman had walked oflT with rapid strides in the opposite direction. For\\nhours on the beach I had watched these human tracks, almost as devious as\\nthe bird s, until I fancied I should know their makers. Not unfrequently I\\nespied a monogram, traced with a stick or the point of a parasol, the lesser\\ninitials lovingly twined about the greater. Faith 1 I came to regard the\\nbeach itself as a larger sort of tablet graven vvitli hieroglyphics, easy to de-\\ncipher if you have the key.\\nThe hotel appeared deserted, but it was only a seclusion of calculation.\\nAfter supper tlie guests set about what I may call their usual avocations.\\nNot a few paired off as they say at Washington, for a walk on the beach,\\nspringing down the path with elastic step and voices full of joyous mirth.\\nOne or two maidens I had seen rowing on the river showed blistered hands\\nto condoling cavaliers. Young matrons, carefully shawled by their husbands,\\nsauntered off for a quiet evening ramble, or mingled in the frolic of the juve-\\nniles going on in the parlor. The dowagers all souglit a particular side of\\nthe house, wliere, out of ear-shot of the piano, they solaced themselves with\\nthe evening newspapers, damp from presses sixty miles away. A few choice\\nspirits gathered in the smoking-room, where they maintained a frigid reserve\\ntoward all new-comers, their conversation coming out between puflTs, as void\\nof warmth as the vapor that rises from ice. On the beach, and alone with\\ninuniuiate objects, I had company enough and to spare; here, with a hundred\\nSituated on Stage Neck, a rocky peninsida connected with the main shore hv a narrow isth-\\nmus, on wliirh is a beach. Tlieie was foniierly a fort on the north-east iKiint of ilie Ncek.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0140.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY. 131\\nof my own species, it was positively dreary. I took a turn on the piazza, and\\nsoon retired to my cell for in these large caravansaries man loses his indi-\\nviduality and becomes a number.\\nOld York, be it remembered, is one of those places toward which the his-\\ntory of a country or a section converges. Thus, when you are in Maine all\\nroads, historically speaking, lead to York. Long before there was any set-\\ntlement it had become well known from its mountain and its position near\\nthe mouth of the Piscataqua. Its first name was Agamenticus. Says Smith,\\nAccominticus and Pascataquack are two convenient harbors for small barks,\\nand a good country within their craggy clifis: this in 1614. He could not\\nhave sounded, perhaps not even ascended, the Piscataqua.\\nChristopher Levett, in his voyage, begun in 1623 and ended in 1624, says\\nof this situation: About two leagues farther to the east (of Piscataqua) is\\nanother great river, called Aquamenticus. There, I think, a good plantation\\nmay be settled; for there is a good harbor for ships, good ground, and much\\nalready cleared, fit for planting of corn and other fruits, having heretofore\\nbeen planted by the savages, who are all dead. There is good timber, and\\nlikely to be good fishing; but as yet there hath been no trial made that I can\\nhear of Levett was one of the Council of New England, joined with Rob-\\nert Gorges, Francis West, and Governor Bradford, From his account, Aga-\\nmenticus appears to have been a permanent habitation of the Indians, Avho\\nhad been stricken by the same plague that desolated what was afterward\\nNew Plymouth.\\nThe first English settlement was begun probably in 1624, but not earlier\\nthan 1623, on both sides of York River, by Francis Norton, who had raised\\nhimself at home from the rank of a common soldier to be a lieutenant-colonel\\nin the army. This was Norton s project, and he had the address to persuade\\nSir Ferdinando Gorges to unite in the undertaking. Artificers to build mills,\\ncattle, and other necessaries for establishing the plantation, were sent over.\\nA patent passed to Ferdinando Gorges, Norton, and others, of twelve thou-\\nsand acres on the east to Norton, and twelve thousand on the west of Aga-\\nmenticus River to Gorges. Captain William Gorges was sent out by his un-\\ncle to represent that interest.\\nThe plantation at Agamenticus was incorporated into a borough in 1641,\\nand subsequently, in 1642, into a city, under the name of Gorgeana. Thomas\\nGorges, cousin of Sir F, Gorges, and father of Ferdinando, was the first mayor.\\nIt was also made a free port. Though Gorgeana was probably the first in-\\ncorporated city in America, it was in reality no more than an inconsiderable\\nsea-coast village, with a few houses in some of the best places for fishing and\\nnavigation. Its territory was, however, ample, embracing twenty-one square\\nmiles. There was little order or morality among the people, and in one ac-\\nSir F. Goi-ges s own relation.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0141.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "132 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ncount it is said they had as many shaves in a woman as a fishing boat. All\\nthe earlier authorities I have seen agree in giving Gorgeana an indilFerent\\ncharacter, and I was not surprised to find a couplet still extant, expressive of\\nthe local estimate in which its villages were once held.\\nCape Neddock and the Nubble,\\nOld York and the d\u00e2\u0080\u0094 1.\\nGovernor Winthrop, of ^Massachusetts, tuade, in 1643, the following entry\\nin his Journal: Those of Sir Ferdinando Gorge his province beyond Pis-\\ncat were not admitted to the confederation, because they ran a dififerent\\ncourse from us, both in their ministry and civil administration for they had\\nlately made Accomenticus (a poor village) a corporation, and had made a\\ntaylor their mayor, and had entertained one Mr. Hull, an excommunicated\\nperson, and very contentious, for their minister. A Boston man, and a mag-\\nistrate, stood thus early on his dignity.\\nSir F. Gorges makes his appearance in that brilliant and eventful period\\nwhen Elizabeth ruled in England, Henry lY. in France, and Pliilip H, in\\nSpain. He is said to have revealed the conspiracy of Devereux, earl of Es-\\nsex, to Sir Walter Raleigh, after having himself been privy to it.^ This\\nact, a bar-sinister in the biography of Gorges, sullies his escutcheon at the\\noutset. History must nevertheless award that he was the most zealous, the\\nmost indefatigable, and the most influential of those who ft-eely gave their\\ntalents and their wealth to tlie cause of American colonization. Gorges\\ndeserves to be called the father of New England. For more than forty\\nyears extending through the reigns of James I. and of Charles I., the Com-\\nmonwealth, and the liestoration he pursued his favorite idea with a con-\\nstancy that seems almost marvelous when the troublous times in which he\\nlived are passed in review. In a letter to Buckingham on the affairs of\\nSpain, Gorges says he was sometimes thought worthy to be consulted by\\nElizabeth.\\nSir Ferdinando commanded at Plymouth, England, with his nephew Wil-\\nliam for his lieutenant, when Captain Weymouth returned to tliat port from\\nNew Enirland. On board Weynu)iith s ship were five natives, of wliom three\\nwere seized by Gorges. Tliey were detained by him until they were able\\nto o-ive an account of the topograpliy, resources, aiul peoples of their far-oft\\ncountry. From this circumstance dates Gorges s active jiarticipation in New\\nEngland afi airs.\\nHe was interested in Lord John Popham s ineffectual attempt. Finding\\nAbout l()t7 tlie settlements at Agamenticiis were made a town by the name of York, proba-\\nbly from En;,disb York.\\n(Confederation of the colonies for mutual protection.\\nElizabeth died while Martin Tring was preparing to sail for America and Essex and Raleigh\\nhoth went to the block.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0142.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY, I33\\nthe disasters of that expedition, at home and abroad, had so disheartened his\\nassociates that he could no longer reckon on their assistance, he dispatched\\nRichard Vines and others at his own charge, about 1617, to the same coast\\nthe Popham colonists had branded, on their return, as too cold to be inhab-\\nited by Englishmen. Vines established himself at or near the mouth of the\\nSaco. Between the years 1617 and 1620, Gorges sent Captains Hobson, Ro-\\ncroft, and Dermer to New England, but their voyages were barren of results.\\nIn 1620 Gorges and others obtained from the king a separate patent, with\\nsimilar privileges, exemption from custom, subsidies, etc., such as had for-\\nmerly been granted the Virginia Company.\\nBy this patent the adventurers to what had heretofore been known as\\nthe Northern Colony in Virginia, and The Second* Colony in Virginia,\\nobtained an enlargement of territory, so as to include all between the fortieth\\nand forty-eighth parallels, and extending westward to the South Sea or Pa-\\ncific Ocean. This was the Great Charter of New England, out of which\\nwere made the subsequent grants within its territory. The incorporators\\nwere styled The Council of Plymouth.\\nThe Virginia Company, whose rights were invaded, attempted to annul\\nthe Plymouth Company s patent. Defeated before the Lords, they brought\\nthe subject the next year, 1621, before Parliament, as a monopoly and a griev-\\nance of the Commonwealth. Gorges was cited to appear at the bar of the\\nHouse, and made his defense, Sir Edward Coke being then Speaker. After\\nhearing the arguments of Gorges and his lawyers on three several occasions,\\nthe House, in presenting the grievances of the kingdom to the throne, placed\\nSir Ferd. Gorges s patent for sole fishing in New England at the head of\\nthe catalogue but Parliament, having made itself obnoxious to James, was\\ndissolved, and some of its members committed to the Tower. The patent\\nwas saved for a time.\\nBefore this affair of the Parliament the Pilgrims had made their ever-fa-\\nmous landing in New England. Finding themselves, contrary to their first\\nintention, located within the New England patent, they applied through\\ntheir solicitor in England to Gorges for a grant, and in 1623 they obtained\\nit. This was the first patent of Plymouth Colony in 1629 they had another,\\nmade to William Bradford and his associates.\\nIn 1623 the frequent complaints to the Council of Plymouth of the abuses\\nand disorders committed by fishermen and other intruders within their pa-\\ntent, determined them to send out an ofticer to represent their authority on\\nthe spot. Robert Gorges, son of Sir Ferdinando, w\\\\as fixed upon, and became\\nfor a short time invested with the powers of a civil magistrate. According\\nto Belknap, he was styled Lieutenant-general of New England. George\\nPopham was the first to exercise a local authority Avithin her limits.\\nThe insertion of the lengthy title in full appears nnnecessar\\\\ Tlie celebrated commentator.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0143.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "134\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe Great Charter of New England was surrendered to the crown in\\nApril, 1635, and the territory embraced within it was parceled out among\\nthe patentees. Gorges receiving for his share a tract of sixty miles in extent,\\nfrom the Merrimac to the Kennebec, reaching into the country one hundred\\nand twenty miles. This tract was called the province of Maine. It was di-\\nvided by Gorges into eight bailiwicks or counties, and these again into six-\\nteen hundreds, after the manner of the Chiltern Hundreds, a fief of the English\\ncrown. The Hundreds were subdivided into parishes and tithings.\\nIt would fatigue the reader to enter into the details of the government\\nestablished by Gorges within what he calls my province of Maine. It Avas\\nexceedingly cumbrous, and the few inhabitants were in as great danger of\\nbeing governed too much as later communities have often been. An annual\\nrental was laid on the lands, and no sale or transfer could be made without\\nconsent of the Council. This distinction, as against the neighboring colony\\nof Massachusetts, where all were freeholders, was fatal. The crown, in con-\\nfirming the grant to Gorges, vested him with privileges and powers similar\\nto those of the lords palatine of the ancient city of Durham. Under this au-\\nthority the plantation at Agamenticus was raised to the dignity of a city,\\nand a quasi ecclesiastical government founded in New England.\\nBelknap says further tJiat there was no provision for public institutions.\\nSchools were unknown, and they had no minister till, in pity of their deplora-\\nble state, two went thither from Boston on a voluntary mission.\\nTliere are yet some interesting objects to be seen in York, though few of\\nthe old houses are remaining at the\\nharbor. These few will, however, re-\\npay a visit. Prominent among her an-\\nticpiities is the meeting-house of the\\nfiist parish. An inscription in the\\nfoundation records as follows\\nFounded A. D. 1 747.\\nThe Revd. Mr. Moody, Pas.\\nThe church is ])laced on a grassy\\nknoll, with the parsonage behind it.\\nIts exterior is plain. If such a dis-\\ntinction may be ma le, it belongs to\\nthe third order of New England\\nchui chcs, succeeding to the squan\\ntunnel-roofed edifice, as that liad suc-\\nceeded the original barn-like house of\\nworship. Entering tlic porch, I saw\\ntwo biers leaning against tlie stair-\\ncase of the brll-tower, and noticed that meetino-house.\\nllie bell-ringer or his assistants had indulged a passion for scribbling on the\\n1 ni II\\n1\\nnl\\n1\\ni\\npj\\nRL\\nW ff^^^^\\n;=r-x..\\nr^ f^", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0144.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY. I35\\nwalls, though not, as might be inferred, from Scripture texts. The interior is\\nas severe as the exterior. Besides its rows of straight-backed pews, it was\\nfurnished at one end with a mahogany pulpit, communion-table, and sofa\\ncovered with black hair-cloth. Hanging in a frame against the pulpit are\\nfac-similes of letters from the church at York to that of Rowley, bearing the\\ndate of 1673. The tower is an ingenious piece of joinery that reminded me\\nof Hingham church.\\nShubael Diimmer, the first minister of this parish, was killed in 1692, at\\nthe sacking of the place by the Indians. He was shot down in the act of\\nmounting his horse at his own door, a short distance toward the harbor.\\nMather, in his Magnalia, indulges in a strain of eulogy toward this gentle-\\nman that Ave should now call hifalutin. Dummer s successor was Samuel\\nMood}^, an eccentric but useful minister, still spoken of as Parson Moody.\\nHe was Sir William Pepperell s chaplain in the Louisburg expedition, and\\nnoted for the length and fervor of his prayers.\\nAfter the capitulation Sir William gave a dinner to the superior oflicers\\nof the army and fleet. Knowing the prolixity of his chaplain, he was em-\\nbarrassed by the thought that the parson s long-winded grace might weary\\nthe admiral and others of his guests. In this dilemma, he was astonished to\\nsee the parson advance and address the throne of grace in these words: O\\nLord, we have so many things to thank thee for, that time will be infinitely\\ntoo short for it; we must therefore leave it for the w^ork of eternity.\\nA second parish was formed in York about 1730. Rev. Joseph Moody,\\nthe son of Samuel, was ordained its first pastor, in 1732. At the death of his\\nwife he fell into a settled melancholy, and constantly appeared with his face\\ncovered with a handkerchief. From this circumstance he was called Hand-\\nkerchief Moody. He was possessed of wit, and some dreary anecdotes are\\nrelated of him. Mr. Hawthorne has made the incident of the handkerchief\\nthe frame-work of one of his gloomiest tales. I know of no authority other\\nthan tradition to support the statement made in a note accompanying the\\ntale, that in early life he (Moody) had accidentally killed a beloved friend.\\nIt is only a short distance from the church to the old burying-ground, and\\nI was soon busy among the inscriptions, though I did not find them as in-\\nteresting as I had anticipated. The place seemed wholly uncared for. The\\ngrass grew rank and tangled, making the examination difficult, and at every\\nstep I sank to the knee in some hollow. The yard is ridged with graves,\\nand must have received the dust of many generations, going back even to\\nthose who acknowledged the first James for their dread lord and sovereign.\\nWe are warranted in the belief that tlie first services held in this plantation were those of the\\nChnrch of England. The first, or borough, charter mentions the church chapel. Robert Gorges,\\nin 1623, brought over an Episcopal chaplain, William Morrell, and with him also came, as is sup-\\nposed, Rev. William Blackstone, the first inhabitant of Boston.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0145.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "136\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nAs usual, the older stones, when I had found them, were too much defaced\\nto be decij^hered, and I remarked that the slate grave-stone of Parson Moody-\\npreserved but few of its original lines. Beside him lay the remains of his\\nwife. The following is his own epitaph:\\nHere lies the body of the\\nRev d SAMUEL MOODY, A.M.\\nThe zealous, faithful, and successful pastor of the\\nFirst Church of Christ in York.\\nWas born in Newbury, January 4th, 1675.\\nGraduated 1697. Came hither May i6th,\\nDied here November 13th, 1747.\\nFor his farther character read the 2d Corinthians,\\n3d chapter and first six verses.\\nIn the corner of the ground next the main street is the monumental tablet\\nof Hon. David Sewall. A plain slab of slate at his side marks the resting-\\nplace of his wife. On this are enumerated some of the public offices held by\\nher husband, and. the two monuments might furnish the reader witli materials\\nfor a biography.\\nMr. Adams, in his Diary, notes meeting his old friend and classmate\\nat York, when he was going the circuit in 1770. Sewall had just returned\\nfrom a party of pleasure at Agamenticus, and the talk was of erecting a bea-\\ncon upon it. At this time he was looked upon as a Tory, but became a zeal-\\nous Whig before hostilities with the mother country began.\\nJAIL AT OLD YORK.\\nIn 1G40, says Lechford, nothing was read nor any funeral sermon made at\\na burial, but at the tolling of the bell all the neighborhood came together,\\nand after bearing the dead solemnly to the grave, stood b) until it was closed.\\nThe ministers were commonly, but not always, present. In these few and\\nsimple rites our fathers testified\\nThe emptiness of humnn pride,\\nThe notliingness of man.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0146.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY.\\n137\\nOn a rising ground opposite the town-house is the old jail of York. I\\nhave deemed it wortliy a passing notice. It is a quaint old structure, and\\nhas held many culprits in former times, when York was the seat of justice for\\nthe county, though it would not keep your modern burglar an hour. It is\\nperched, like a bird of ill omen, on a rocky ledge, where all might see it in\\n])assing over the high-road. Thus, in the early day, the traveler on enter-\\ning the county town encountered, first, the stocks and\\nwhipping- post continuing his route, he in due time\\ncame to the gallows, at the town s end. The exterior\\nof the jail is not especially repulsive, now that it is no\\nlonger a prison but the inside is a relic of barbarism\\njust such a place as I have often imagined the miser-\\nable wit\u00e2\u0082\u00achcraft prisoners might have been confined in.\\nThe back wall is of stone. The doors are six inches\\nof solid oak, studded with heavy nails the gratings\\nsecured with the blades of mill saws, having the jagged\\nteeth upward the sills, locks, and bolts are ponderous,\\nand unlike any thing the present century has produced.\\nThe dungeons, of which there are two, admitted no\\nray of light except when the doors were opened; and\\nthese doors were of two thicknesses of oaken planks\\nbanded between with plates of iron, and on the outside with rusty blades of\\nmill saws, as were also the crevices through which the jailer passed bread\\nand water to the wretched criminals. The gloom\\nand squalor of these cachots oppressed the spirits\\nof even the casual visitor, free to come and go at\\npleasure what must it, then, have been to the\\nwretches condemned to inhabit them Above\\nthese dungeons were two or three cells, secured\\nby precautions similar to those below while\\nother apartments were reserved for the jailer s\\nuse. The house was inhabited, and children __\\nSTOCKS.\\nwere playing about the floor. I fancied their\\nmerry laughter issuing from solitary dungeons where nothing but groans\\nand imprecations had once been heard. Perchance there have been Hester\\nPrynnes and Cassandra Southwicks immured within these walls.\\nAs I never feel quite at home within a prison, I made haste to get into\\nthe open air again. I noticed, what is common in the country, that an un-\\nderpinning of boards had been placed around the foundation at the distance\\nof a foot, the space within being filled with earth. That, said a whimsical\\nfellow, is to keep the coarsest of the cold out.\\nThey have a jail at Alfred hardly more secui e than the old. I was told\\nof a prisoner who coolly informed the jailer one morning that if he did not", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0147.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "138 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsupply him with better victuals he would not stay another day. He was as\\ngood as his word, making liis escape soon after, Wagner, the Isles of Shoals\\nmurderer, also broke jail at Alfred, but was recaptured.\\nI should have liked to devote a few moments to the old court-house, its\\neminent and distinguished judges and barristers of the provincial courts, not\\nforgetting its crier and constables. I should, I repeat, like to open the court,\\nand marshal the jurors, witnesses, and even the idlers to their places in the\\nking s name. I should like to hear some of those now antiquated, but then\\noft-quoted, scraps of law from the statutes of Richard II. or Sixth Edward.\\nBut it is all past. Bag-wigs, black gowns, and silver buckles are no more\\nseen, except in family portraits of the time, and the learned counsel of to-day\\nno more address each other as Brother A or B There do re-\\nmain, however, in front of the old court-house four beautifully spreading elms,\\nplanted by David Sewall in 1V73. To look at them now, it is not easy to\\nfancy they could be grasped with the hand when the battle of Lexington was\\nfought.\\nI passed on by the old tavern -stand where Woodbridge, in 17*70,\\nswung Ins sign of Billy Pitt, and underneath, the words Entertain-\\nment for the Sons of Liberty a hint to Tories to take their custom else-\\nwhere, I should have enjoyed a pipe witli that landlord, as John Adams\\nsays he did.\\nIn Old York they have a precinct known as Scotland, said to have been\\nfirst settled by some of the prisoners of Cromwell s victory at Dunbar, and\\nshipped over seas to be sold as apprentices for a term of years. I was bound\\nthither to see the garrison houses tliat had withstood the onset of the Indians\\nin King William s war.\\nIt is four miles from the village to Scotland parish, the road passing\\nthrough broad acres of cleared land or ancient orcliards, with now and then a\\nby-way of green turf leading to a farmhouse on the river, or a gleam of the\\nstieam itself winding through the meadows as you mount the rocky hills in\\nyour route.\\nCider Hill is a classic locality, which the traveler must pass tlirough. It\\nis well named, I should say, the tives, tliough old, being laden with ap])les, fit\\nonly ibr the cider-press, I was struck with the age of the orchards, and in-\\ndeed with the evidences on all sides of the long occuj)ancy of the land. In\\ngoing up and down the traveled roads of York the impression is everywhere\\ngained of an old settled country.\\nBy the side of the road is the Avithered trunk of an ancient tree, said to\\nhave been brought from England in a tub more than two hundred years ago.\\nNothing remains but the liollow shell, which still puts forth a few green\\nsh-oots. Next to the rocks, it is the oldest object on the road. At a little\\ndistance it has sent up an ofishoot, now a tree bearing fruit, and has thus\\nrisen again, ajJPIt were, from its own ashes. This tree deserves to be remera-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0148.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "AGAMENTICUS, THE ANCIENT CITY.\\n139\\nOLD GARRISON-HOUSE.\\nbered along with the Stuyvesant and Endicott pear-trees. There is, or was,\\nanother apple-tree of equal age with this in Bristol.\\nYou have a good many apples this year, I said to a farmer.\\nOh, a marster sight on\\nem, sir, marster sight; but\\ntliey don t fetch nothing.\\nIs the cool summer in-\\njuring your corn? I pur-\\nsued.\\nSnouted it, sir snout-\\ned it.\\nThe Junknns s garrison is\\nthe first reached. It is on\\nthe brow of a high hill over-\\nlooking the river meadows,\\nwhere, if good watch were\\nkept, a foe could hardly have approached unseen. It can not survive much\\nlonger. It is dilapidated inside and out to a degree that every blast searches\\nit through and through. The doors stood ajar the floors were littered with\\ncorn-fodder, and a hen was brooding in a corner of the best room. Having\\nserved as dwelling and castle, it embodies the economy of the one with the\\nsecurity of the other. The chimney is of itself a tower; the floor timbers of\\nthe upper story project on all sides, so as to allow it to overhang the lower.\\nThis was a type of building imported from England by the early settlers,\\ncommon enough in their day, and of which specimens are still extant in such\\nof our older towns as Boston, Salem, and Marblehead. Its form admitted,\\nhowever, of a good defense. The Avails are of hewn timber about six inches\\nthick, and bullet-proof. On the north-east, and where the timbers were ten\\ninches thick, they have rotted away under their long exposure to the weather.\\nI observed a loop-hole or two that had not been closed up, and that the roof\\nframe was of oak, with the bark adhering to it.\\nIn one I oom was an old hand-loom in another a spinning-wheel lay over-\\nturned and in the fire-place the iron crane, blackened with soot, was still\\nfixed as it mio;ht have been when the sfarrison was beset in 92. Between\\nIlutcliinson stiys In every frontier settlement there were more or less garrison houses,\\nsome with a flankart at two opposite angles, others at each corner of the house some houses sur-\\nrounded with palisadoes others, which were smaller, built with square timber, one piece laid hori-\\nzontally upon another, and loop-holes at every side of the house and besides these, generally in\\nany more considerable plantation there was one garrison house capable of containing soldiers sent\\nfor the defense of the plantation, and the families near, whose houses were not so fortified. It was,\\nthought justifiable and necessary, whatever the general rule of law might be, to erect such forts,,\\ncastles, or bulwarks as these upon a man s own ground, without commission or special license there-\\nfor. History of M;i3sachusetts, vol. ii., p. 67.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0149.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "140 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe house and the road is the Junkins s family biirying-ground. The house\\nattracts many curious visitors, though it lacks its ancient warlike accessories,\\nits lookouts, palisades, and flankarts.\\nA few rods farther on, in descending the hill, is the M Intire garrison. It\\nis on the opposite side of the Berwick road from the house through which I\\nhave just hurried the reader; and, except that a newer addition has been\\njoined to the garrison part, does not materially differ from it. Mr. M Intire,\\nnow the owner of both houses, showed me an opening in the floor of the pro-\\njection through which, according to the family tradition, boiling water was\\npoured upon the heads of any who might try to force an entrance.\\nIt has been supposed that these two garrisons were erected as early as\\n1640 or 1650. As no motive existed for building such houses at that time,\\nthe tradition is not entitled to credit. Few of the Indians were possessed of\\nfire-arras, as the sale to them was strictly prohibited in the English colonies.\\nThe digging up of the hatchet by the eastern Indians, in 1676, during Philip s\\nwar, probably first led to the building of fortified houses in all the sea-coast\\ntowns. During the attack of 1692, the four garrisons in York saved the\\nlives of those they sheltered, while fifty of the defenseless inhabitants were\\nkilled outright, and one hundred and fifty were led prisoners to Canada.\\nIt is not my purpose to pursue farther the history of ancient Agamenticus.\\nThe state of the settlement five years after its destruction by the Indians ap-\\npears in a memorial to the French minister, prepared in order to show the\\nfeasibility of a thorough wiping out of the English settlements from Boston\\nto Pemaquid\\nFrom Wells Bay to York is a distance of five leagues. There is a fort\\nwithin a river. All the houses having been destroyed five years ago by the\\nIndians, the English have re-assembled at this place, in order to cultivate their\\nlands. The fort is worthless, and may have a garrison of forty men.\\nAs a memorial of the dark days when settler fought with savage, the\\nJunkins s garrison-house appeals for protection in its decrepit old age. Its\\nframe is still strong. A few boards and a kindly hand should not be want-\\ning to stay its ruin. I left it as for nearly two hundred years it has stood,\\nOn its Avindy site iiijlil tinn; gabled roof and palisade,\\nAnd rough walls of unhewn timber with the moonlight overlaid.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0150.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "i 1 OM KU ILKl HUIDbL\\nCHAPTER X.\\nAT KITTERY POIXT, MAINE.\\nWe have no title-deeds to house or lands;\\nOwners and occupants of earlier dates\\nFrom graves forgotten stretch their dusty hands,\\nAnd hold in mortmain still their old estates.\\nLongfellow.\\nLOUIS XV. said to Bouret, the iinancier, You are indeed a singular per-\\nson not to have seen Marly Call upon me there, and I will show it to\\nyou.\\nOur way lies from Old York to Kittery Point, To get from the one to\\nthe other you must pass the bridge over York River, built in 1761. It inau-\\ngurated in New England the then novel method of laying the bridge super-\\nstructure on a frame-work formed of wooden piles driven into the bed of the\\nriver. The inventor was Major Samuel Sewall, of York, whose bridge was\\nthe model of those subsequently built over the Charles, Mystic, and Merri-\\nmac.\\nKittery Point is separated from Kittery Foreside by Spruce Creek. It is\\nalso divided from Gerrish s Island, the outermost land of the eastern shore\\nThe name of Kittery Point is from a little hamlet in England. It is tlie first and oldest town\\nin the State, having been settled in 1623. Gorgeana, settled 1024, was a city corporate, and not a\\ntown. Kittery first included North and South Berwick and Eliot.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0151.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "142\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof the Piscataqua, by Chauncy s Creek. It is important at Kittery Point\\nto get used to the names of Cutts, Gerrisb, Sparhawk, Pepperell, Waltlron,\\nChauncy, and Champernowne. They recur with remarkable frequency.\\nIf coming from Portsmouth, the visitor will first traverse the village, with\\nits quaint little church, built in 1714, its secluded cemetery, and fine old elms.\\nThey say the frame of the meeting-house was hewn somewhere about Dover,\\nand floated down the stream. There are few older churches in New England,\\nor that embody more of its ancient homeliness, material and spiritual. Since\\nI was there it has been removed about sixty feet northward, and now fronts\\nthe south, entirely changing the appearance of that locality.\\nNAVY-YAKD, KITTERT, MAINE.\\nFormerly, in leaving the church door, you were confronted by a sombre old\\nmansion, having, in despite of some relics of a former splendor, an unmistak-\\nable air of neglect and decay. The massive entrance door hung by a single\\nfastening, the fluted pilasters on either side were rotting away, window jianes\\nwere shattered, chimney tops in ruins, the fences prostrate. It was nothing\\nbut a wreck ashore. This was the house built by Lady Pepperell, after the\\ndeath of Sir William. Report said it was haunted indeed I found it so, and\\nby a living phantom.\\nKepealed and long-continued knocking was at length answered by a trem-\\nulous effort from within to open the door, which required the help of my com-\\npanion and myself to effect. I shall never forget the figure that appeared to\\nus:\\nWe stood and gazed;\\nGazed on her sunburned fuce with silent awe,\\nHer tattered nuuitle and iier hood of straw.\\nPoor Sally Cutts, a harmless maniac, was the sole inhabitant of the old", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0152.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "AT KITTERY POINT, MAINE. I43\\nhouse she and it were fallen into hopeless ruin together. Her appearance\\nwas weird and witch-like, and betokened squalid poverty. An old calash al-\\nmost concealed her features from observation, except when she raised her\\nhead and glanced at us in a scared, furtive sort of way. Yet beneath this\\nwreck, and what touched us keenly to see, was the instinct of a lady of gentle\\nbreeding that seemed the last and only link between her and the world.\\nWith the air and manner of the drawing-room of fifty years ago she led the\\nway from room to room.\\nWe tracked with our feet the snow that had drifted in underneath the hall\\ndoor. The floors were bare, and echoed to our tread. Fragments of the\\noriginal paper, representing ancient ruins, had peeled ofi the walls, and vandal\\nhands had wrenched away the pictured tiles from the fire-places. The upper\\nrooms were but a repetition of the disorder and misery below stairs.\\nOur hostess, after conducting us to her own apartment, relapsed into im-\\nbecility, and seemed little conscious of our presence. Some antiquated fur-\\nniture, doubtless family heir-looms, a small stove, and a bed, constituted all\\nher worldly goods. As she crooned over a scanty fire of two or thi ee wet\\nsticks, muttering to herself, and striving to warm her withered hands, I\\nthought I beheld in her the impersonation of Want and Despair.\\nHer family was one of the most distinguished of New England, but a\\nstrain of insanity developed itself in her branch of the genealogical tree. Of\\nthree brothers John, Richard, and Robert Cutt who, in 1641, emigrated\\nfrom Whales, the first became president of the Province of New Hampshire,\\nthe second settled on the Isles of Shoals, and the third at Kittery, where he\\nbecame noted as a builder of ships.\\nThis house had come into the possession of Captain Joseph Cutts about\\nthe beginning of the century. He was a large ship-owner, and a successful\\nand wealthy merchant. Ruined by Mr. Jefferson s embargo and by the war\\nof 1812, he lost his reason, and now lies in the village church-yard. Two of\\nhis sons inherited their father s blighting misfortune one fell by his own\\nhand in Lady Pepperell s bed-chamber. Sally, the last survivor, has joined\\nthem within a twelvemonth.\\nCaptain Joseph Cutts was born in ITG-t, and died on his birthday anniversary, aged ninety-\\nseven. He married a granddaughter of President Chauncy, of Harvard College. Sarah Chaun-\\ncy, known to us as Sally Cutts, was removed during her last illness to the house of her cousin,\\nwhere she was kindly cared for. When near her end she became more rational, and was sensible\\nof the attentions of her friends. She died June 30th, 1874. Her brother Charles was hopelessly\\ninsane forty-four years, and often so violent as to make it necessary to cliain him. Joseph, the\\nother brother, entered the navy overtaken by his malady, he was sent home. Under these re-\\npeated misfortunes, added to the care of her father and brothers, Sally s reason also gave way.\\nThe town allowed a small sum for the board of her father and brothers, and her friends provided\\nwood and clothing. Her house even was sold to satisfy a Government claim for duties, owed bj-\\nher father. It has now been renovated, and is occupied by Oliver Cutts, Esquire.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0153.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "144\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nPoor Sally Cutts She rose to take leave of us with the same ceremoni-\\nous politeness which had marked her reception. Her slight and shrunken\\nfigure was long in my memory, her crazy buffet, and broken, antiquated\\nchairs, to which she clung as the most precious of earthly possessions. It\\nwas one of her hallucinations to be always expecting the arrival of a messen-\\nger from Washington with full reparation of the broken fortunes of her fam-\\nily. Some charitable souls cared for her necessities, but such was the poor\\ncreature s pride that artifice was necessary to effect their purpose. Flitting\\nthrough the deserted halls of the gloomy old mansion dreading the stran-\\nger s approach, the gossip of the neighborhood, the jibes of village urchins\\nSally remained its mistress until summoned to a better and kindlier mansion.\\nI said the house was haunted, and I believe it.\\nA short walk beyond the cemetery bi ings you up with Fort M Clary, its\\nblock-house, loop-holed for musketry, its derricks, and general disarray. Xot\\nBLOCK-HODSE AND FOKT, KITTERY POINT.\\nmany would liave remembered the gallantry of Major Andrew M CIary at\\nBunker Hill, but for this monument to his memory. The site has been forti-\\nfied from an early day b)^ garrison-house, stockade, or earth-work. It should\\nhave retained its earliest name of Fort Pepperell. Jolin Stark s giant com-\\nrade might have been elsewhere commemorated.\\nIt is said no village is so humble but that a great man may be born in it.\\nSir William Pepperell was the great man of Kittery Point, He was wliat is\\nnow called a self-made man, raising himself from the ranks through native\\ngenius backed by strength of will. Smollett calls him a Piscataquay trader.\\nMv a])pearaiice witliiii Fort MH lary caused a jianic in tlic garrison. A few uniiii]iortant\\nquestions c(jnceriiing tlie old works were answered only after a hurried consultation between the\\nsergeant in charge and tlie head workman. The Government was then meditating war with Spain,\\nand 1 had reason to believe I was looked ui)ou as a Spanish emissary.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0154.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "AT KITTERY POINT, MAINE.\\n145\\nwith little or no education, and utterly unacquainted with military operations.\\nThough contemptuous, the description is literally true.\\nSir William s father is first noticed in the annals of the Isles of Shoals.\\nThe mansion now seen near the Pepperell Hotel was built partly by him and\\nin part by his more eminent son. The building was once much more exten-\\nsive than it now appears, having been, about twenty years ago, shortened ten\\nfeet at either end. Until the death of the elder Pepperell, in 1734, the house\\nwas occupied by his own and his son s families. The lawn in front I eached\\nto the sea, and an avenue, a quarter of a mile in length, bordered by fine old\\ntrees, led to the house of Colonel Sparhawk, east of the village church. With\\nits homely exterior the mansion of the Pepperells represents one of the great-\\nest fortunes of colonial New England. It used to be said Sir AVilliam might\\nride to the Saco without going oifhis own possessions.\\nSIK WILLIAM pepperell S HOUSE, KITTERY POINT.\\nThere is hanging in the large hall of the Essex Institute, at Salem, a two-\\ntliirds length of Sir William Pepperell, painted in 1751 by Smibert, when the\\nbaronet was in London. It represents him in scarlet coat, waistcoat, and\\nbreeches, a smooth-shaven face and powdered periwig the waistcoat, richly\\nThe house was also occupied at one time as a tenement by fishermen. It exhibits no marks,\\neither inside or out, of the wealth and social consequence of its old proprietor.\\nI 10", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0155.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "146\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ngold-embroitlerod, as was then the fasliion, was worn long, descending almost\\nto the knee, and formed tlie most conspicuous article of dress. In one hand\\nSir William grasps a truncheon, and in the background the painter has de-\\npicted the siege of Louisburg.\\nSmollett accredits Auchmuty, judge-advocate of the Court of Admiralty\\nof New England, with the plan of the conquest of Louisburg, which he pro-\\nnounces the most important acliievement of the war, Mr. Hartwell said in\\nthe House of Commons that the colonists took Louisburg from the French\\nsingle-handed, without any European assistance as mettled an enterprise\\nas any in our history, he calls it. The\\nhonor of the Louisburg etxpedition has\\nalso been claimed for James Gibson, of\\nBoston, and Colonel William Vaughan,\\nof Damariscotta. But the central figures\\nappear to have been Governor William\\nShirley and Sir William Pepperell.*\\nThe year of Louisburg was an event-\\nful one, for all Europe was in arms. The\\npetty German princes were striving for\\nji??^ the imperial crown vacant by the death\\nof the cmjieror, Charles VIL France\\nsupports tlie pretensions of the Grand\\nDuke of Tuscany with a powerful army\\nunder her illustrious profligate, Maurice\\nde Saxe Austria invades Bohemia; the\\nold Brummbar swoops down upon Sax-\\nony, and his cannon growl under the\\nwalls of Dresden the Ehenish frontiers, Silesia, Hungary, and Italy, are all\\nablaze.\\nEngland must have a liand in the fighting. Lord Chestcrfiehrs mission\\nto the Hague, the (Quadruple Alliance at Wai saw, are succeeded by the\\nstunning blow of Fontenoy. The allied army recoiled, and drew itself to-\\ngether under the walls of Brussels. The Duke of Cumberland was defeated\\nby a sick man.^\\nIt was at this moment of defeat that the news of tlie fall of Louisburg\\ni-eached the allies. Tlie Dunkirk of America liad ca[)itulated to a trader of\\nSIR WILLIAM PEPPERELL.\\nMr. Lonf:;fello\\\\v lias, at Cambriilge, a painting by Copley, rcprosentiiic two children in a pai k.\\nTliese children are William I epperell and his sister, Elizahetii Uiiyall repperell. children of the\\nlast baronet.\\nBoth were made colonels in tlic regular British establishment; tlieir regiments, munbered the\\nFiftieth and Fifty-first respectively, were afterward disbanded.\\nMarshal Saxe, unable to mount his horse, was carried along his lines in a litter.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0156.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "AT KITTERY POINT, MAINE. 14 Y\\nPiscataquay. It put new life into tlie beaten army, and was celebrated with\\ngreat rejoicings in its camps.\\nAmong those who served with distinction under Pepperell were Richard\\nGridley, who afterward placed the redoubt on Bunker Hill; Wooster, who\\nfell at Norwalk Thornton, a signer of our Magna Charta and Nixon and\\nWhiting, of the Continental army. It was sought to give the expedition\\nsomething of the character of a crusade. George W hitefield furnished for its\\nbanner the motto,\\nJV7/ Desperandum^ Christo Ducey\\nA little more family history is necessary to give the reader the entree of\\nthe four old houses at Kittery Point.\\nThe elder Sir William, by his will, made the son of his daughter Elizabeth\\nand Colonel Sparhawk his residuary legatee, requiring him, at the same time,\\nto relinquish the name of Sparhawk for that of Pepperell. The baronetcy,\\nextinct with the death of Sir William, was revived by the king for the benefit\\nof his grandson, a royalist of 1775, who went to England at the outbreak of\\nhostilities. The large family estates were confiscated by the patriots.\\nThe tomb of the Pepperells, built in 1734, is seen between the road and\\nthe Pepperell Hotel. When it was repaired some years ago, at the instance\\nof Harriet Hirst Sparhawk, the remains were found lying in a promiscuous\\nheap at the bottom, the wooden shelves at the sides having given way, pre-\\ncipitating the coftins upon the floor of the vault. The planks first used to\\nclose the entrance had yielded to the pressure of the feet of cattle grazing in\\nthe common field, filling the tomb with rubbish. About thirty skulls were\\nfound in various stages of decomposition. A crypt was built in a corner, and\\nthe scattered relics carefully placed within.^\\nDr. Eliot, the pioneer among American biographers, says Dr. Belknap oft-\\nen mentioned to him that his desire to preserve the letters of Sir William\\nPepperell led to the founding of the Massachusetts Historical Society. This\\nobject does not seem to have been wholly accomplished, as it is well known\\nthe baronet s papers have become widely scattered.*\\nNot far from the mansion of the Pepperells is the very ancient dwelling\\nof Bray, whose daughter, Margery, became Lady Peppei-ell. It was long be-\\nThe year 1745 was also signalized by the death of Pope in June, and of the old Duchess of\\nMarlborough in October, who died at eighty-five, immensely rich, and very little regretted either\\nby her own family or the world in general. Smollett.\\nMr. E. F. Safford, the proprietor, exercises watch and ward over this and other relics of tlie\\nPepperells with a care worthy of imitation all along the coast.\\nMr. Sabine notes in his Loyalists that the tomb, when entered some years ago, contained\\nlittle else than bones strewed in confusion about its muddy bottom among them, of course, the\\nremains of the victor of Louisburg, deposited in it at his decease in 175S).\\nThe best biography of Sir William Pepperell is that by Dr. Usher Parsons.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0157.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "148\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfore the old shipwright made up his mind to consent to match his daughter\\nso unequally. This house is considered to be two hundred and twenty-five\\nyears old, and is still habitable. Down at the water-side are seen the rotting\\ntimbers of the wharf where the Pepperells, father and son, conducted an ex-\\ntensive trade.\\nA little east of the hotel and the pleasant manse below the river makes a\\nnoble sweep, inclosing a favorite anchorage for storm or wind bound ci aft.\\nKITTEUY POINT, MAINE.\\nNot unfrequently a hundred may be seen quietly riding out a north-easter at\\nsnusc moorings. At such times this harbor and Gloucester are havens of ref-\\nuge for all coasters caught along shore. The sight of the fleet getting under\\nway with the return of line weather is worth going to sec.\\nWhen at Kittery Point the visitor may indulge in a variety of agreeable\\nexcursions by land or water; the means are always at hand for boating and\\ndriving, and there is no hick of pleasant rambles. I first went to Gerrish s", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0158.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "AT KITTERY POINT, MAINE. I49\\nIsland on a wild November day, and in a north-east snow-storm. I never en-\\njoyed myself better.\\nIn the first place, this island is one of the headlands of history as well as\\nof the Piscataqua. It was conveyed as early as 1636, by Sir F. Gorges, to\\nArthur Champernowne, a gentleman of Devon. The island was to take the\\nname of Dartington, from the manor of the Champernownes.* In this indent-\\nure Brave Boat Harbor is mentioned. The Province of Maine was then some-\\ntimes called New Somersetshire.\\nThere is something in this endeavor of all the promoters of New England\\nto graft upon her soil the time-honored names of the Old, to plant with her\\ncivilization something to keep her in loving remembrance, that appeals to our\\nprotection. These names are historical and significant. They link us to the\\nhigh renown of our mother isle. No political separation can disinherit us.\\nI think the tie is like the mj^stery of the electiic wave that passes under the\\nsea, unseen yet acknowledged of all, active though invisible.\\nThe island, wuth many contiguous acres, became the property of Francis,\\nson of Arthur Champernowne, and nephew of Sir F. Gorges, who is buried\\nthere, his grave distinguished by a heap of stones. Tradition said he forbade\\nin his last testament any stone to be raised to his memory.^ In the hands\\nof subsequent proprietors the island was called Cutts s, Fryer s, and Ger-\\nrish s Island. It is usually spoken of as two islands, being nearly though\\nnot quite subdivided by Chauncy s Creek. The venerable Cutts s farm-house\\non tlie shore of the island is two hundred and thirty years old by family ac-\\ncount.\\nAll the islands lying northward of the ship channel belong to Kittery.\\nMany of them have interesting associations. Trefethren s, the largest, pro-\\njects far out into the river, and is garnished with the earth-works of old Fort\\nSullivan, from which shot mi^t be pitched with ease on the decks of invad-\\ning ships. Fernald s, now Navy Yard Island, became in 1806 the property\\nof the United States, by purchase of Captain William Dennett, for the sum of\\nfive thousand five hundred dollars.\\nBadger s, anciently Langdon s Island, is a reminiscence of one of the no-\\nThe relation in Purchas, vol. iv., p. 1935, of the voyage of Robert, earl of Essex, to the Azores\\nin 1597, has a supplementary or larger relation, written by Sir Arthur Gorges, knight, a captain in\\nthe earl s fleet of the ship ]\u00c2\u00a5ast-Spite. There is mention of a Captain Arthur Champernowne,\\nwho appears to have sailed with the admiral in this expedition.\\nThe father of James Anthony Froude, tlie historian, was rector of Dartington the historian\\nwas born there.\\nHe is fully recognized as a personage of distinction in the beginnings of Kittery. Charles W.\\nTattle gives him a touch of royal blood. I failed to find such a provision in bis own draft of his\\nwill.\\nThey are, in descending the river, Badger s, Navy Yard, Trefethren s, or Seavey s, Clark s,\\nand Gerrish s Island.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0159.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "150\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nblest of the old Ro-\\nmans of the revolu-\\ntionary time. His\\nstill elegant mansion\\nadorns one of the\\nhandsomest streets in\\nPortsmouth.* Wash-\\nington, when there,\\nconsidered it the fin-\\nest private house in\\nthe town.\\nLangdon was six\\nfeet tall, with a very\\nnoble presence. Duke\\nRochefoucauld Lian-\\ncourt mentions that\\nhe had followed the\\nsea first as mate,\\nthen as master of a\\nship. He ultimatel}^\\nGOVERNOR langdon S MANSION, PORTSMOUTH. i\\nbecame an eminent\\nmerchant and ship-builder. A devoted patriot, he was one of the leaders in\\nthe first act of aggression committed by the Portsmouth Whigs against the\\ncrown. As the words of a man of action and a model legislator in time of\\ninvasion by a foreign enemy, his well-known speech to the New Hampshire\\nAssembly is worth the quoting. This is his manner of cutting short useless de-\\nbate Gentlemen, you may talk as much as you please but I know the en-\\nemy is upon our frontiers, and I am going to take my pistols and mount my\\nhorse, and go and fight in the ranks of my fellow-citizens. And he did it.\\nYet a little more about Langdon. Chastcllux relates that when on his\\nway to Gates s camp he was followed by a favorite slave. Tlie negro, who\\nbeheld the energy with which his master pressed on, without other repose\\nthan could be snatched in the woods, said to him, at last, Master, you un-\\ndergo great hardships, but you go to fight for liberty. I also should suffer\\npatiently if I had the same liberty to defend. Then you shall have it,\\nsaid John Langdon from this moment I give you your freedom.\\nContinental Agent Langdon became the superintendent of war ships or-\\ndered here by Congress. He presided at the building of the Ranger^ the Al-\\n/mnce, and the America ^X\\\\\\\\g. last a seventy-four gun ship, generously given\\nto Louis XVI. for one of his lost on our coast. Paul Jones Avas much here;\\na brave braggart, quarreling with Langdon and Congress, writing quires of\\nIII rioasaiit, near Court Street.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0160.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "AT KITTERY POINT, jMAINE. 151\\nnietnorials, little esteemed among- his peers, though a lion on his own quavter-\\ndeck.\\nThough Langdoii was a member elect of the Old Congress, as his State\\nstipulated that only two of the delegates were to go to Philadelphia, his does\\nnot appear among the names signed to the Declaration. Matthew Thornton,\\nelected after Langdon, was allowed to sign when he took his seat in Novem-\\nber. Langdon became an opponent of the measures and administration of\\nWashington, joining with Jefferson, Pierce Butler, and a few others in or-\\nganizing the Republican party of that day. They had five votes in the Sen-\\nate. In the House was Andrew Jackson, a member from Tennessee, who at-\\ntracted little attention, though he voted with the small coterie of the Upper\\nHouse, including Langdon, liutler, and Colonel Burr.\\nJacob Sheaife, who in his day carried on a more extensive business than\\nany other merchant in Portsmouth, became the successor of Langdon as Gov-\\nernment agent. It is said he purchased tlie island where the Navy Yard now\\nis. One of the six frigates ordered under Washington s administration was\\nbegun here. We had voted to build these vessels to punish the Algerine\\ncorsairs; we then countermanded them; afterward a treaty was made with\\nthese pirates by which they were to have a new frigate of thirty-two guns,\\nwhich was laid down at Portsmouth.\\nThe family name of Sheaffe was once much more familiar in New England\\ntlian now. It was of Peggy SlieafFe, a celebrated Boston beauty, that Baron\\nSteuben perpetrated the following mot: When introduced to her at the house\\nof Mrs. Livingstone, mother of the chancellor, the baron exclaimed, in his\\nbroken English, I have been cautioned from my youth against -Sf/scAze/ but\\nhad no idea her charms were so irresistible.\\nKittery is mentioned by Josselyn as the most populous of all the planta-\\ntions in the Province of Maine. It engrosses the left bank of the Piscataqua\\nfrom the great bridge at Portsmouth to the sea. The booming of guns at the\\nNavy Yard often announces the presence of some dignitary, yet none, I fancy,\\nmore distinguished than Wasliington have set foot in Kittery. I regret he\\nhas not much to say of it, but more of the fishing-party of which he was, at\\nthe moment, a member.\\nHaving lines, he says, we proceeded to the fishing banks without\\nthe harbor, and fished for cod, but it not being a proper time of tide, we\\ncaught but two. The impregnable character of the President for truthful-\\nness forbids the preisumption that want of skill had aught to do with his ill-\\nluck.\\nIt would be matter for general regret if the selectmen of Kittery should\\nagain, as long ago happened, be presented by a grand jury for not taking\\ncare that their children were taught their catechism, and educated according\\nto law. The number of steeples and school-houses seen by the way indicates,\\nin this respect, a healthy public opinion. Kittery church-yard contains many", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0161.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "152\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nmute appeals to linger and glean its dead secrets. Mrs. Thaxter sweetly\\nsings as she felt tlie story of one of these mildewed stones\\nCrushing the scarlet strawberries in the grass,\\nI kneel to read the slanting stone. Alas\\nHow sharp a sorrow speaks! A hundred years\\nAnd more have vanished, with their smiles and tears,\\nSince here was laid, upon an April day.\\nSweet Mary Chauncey in the grave away,\\nA hundred years since here her lover stood\\nBeside her grave.\\nI found both banks of the Piscataqua charming. The hotels at Newcastle,\\nKittery, Old York, etc., are of the smaller class, adapted to the comfortable\\nentertainment of families and as they are removed from the intrusion of\\nthat disagreeable constituent of city life known over-seas as the swell mob,\\nreal comfort is attainable. Tliey are not faultless, but one may always con-\\nfidently reckon on a good bed, a polite, accommodating host, and well-pro-\\nvided table.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0162.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "whale S-BACK LIGHT.\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nTHE ISLES OP SHOALS.\\nO warning lights, burn bright and clear,\\nHither the storm comes Leagues away\\nIt moans and thunders low and drear\\nBurn til the break of day!\\nCelia Thaxter.\\nON the 15tb of July, 1605, as the sun was declinmg in the west, a little\\nbavk of fifteen tons, manned hj Frenchmen, was standing alon^ the\\ncoast of New England, in quest of a situation to begin a settlement. The\\nprincipal personage on board was Pierre du Guast, Sieur de Monts, a noble\\ngentleman, and an officer of the household of Henry IV. His commission of\\nlieutenant-general bore date at Fontainebleau in the year 1603. He was em-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0163.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "154\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ni\\nDiuW\\nOF\\nu 1\\n-Appleilf\\n-6\\n-UM It T\\nPORTSMOUTH AND THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\npowered by it to col-\\nonize Acadia from\\nthe fortietli to the\\nforty-sixth parallel,\\nin virtue of the dis-\\ncoveries of the Tus-\\ncan, Verazzani. It\\nrecited, in quaint\\nold French, that Dn\\nGuast had already\\nmade several voy-\\nages to these and\\nother ueighborino;\\ncountries, of which\\nhe had knowledge\\nand experience, The\\ncommission likewise\\nconferred authority\\nto make war or peace with tlie peoples inhabiting the\\ncountry of Acadia, with sole power to traffic in skins and\\nfurs for ten years in the Bay of St, Clair and the river\\nof Canada. The broad autograph of Henry and the great\\nseal of yellow wax are appended to the parchment.\\nOn board the bark, besides the leader of the expedi-\\ntion, were a few gentlenien adventurers and twenty sail-\\nors. The name of I)e Monts s pilot was Champdore,\\nThe geographer of the expedition was Samuel Cliaraplain,\\nAccomi)anying De IMonts, as guides and interpreters, wore\\ntwo natives, Panounias and his wife.\\nSince the loth of June De Monts had been minutely examining the New\\nEngland coast from St. Ci-oix, where he had wintered, to near the forty-third\\nparallel, in the hope of linding a place more suitable for habitation and. of a\\nmilder temperature than the inhospitable region he had first pitched upon.\\nThe greater part of De JNIonts s colony remained at the Isle of St, Croix,\\nAlter leaving the mouth of the Saco, and looking in at the entrance of\\nEt en lii connoissance et experience que vons nvez tie la qiialito, condition et situation diiclit\\npais de la Cadie, pour les diveises navigations, voyages, et fiequentations que vous avez fails en ces\\nteries et autres proches et circonvoisines,\\nWilliuinson erroneously calls Cliamiilain the pilot.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0164.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. I55\\nKennebunk River, De Moiits, still keej^ing as close in as was prudent with the\\nland, which Champlain describes as flat and sandy [platte et sablo/ieuse),\\nfound himself on that July afternoon in j^resence of three striking land-\\nmarks. Cape Ann bore south, a quarter east, six leagues distant. To the\\nwest was a deep bay into which, the savages afterward told him, a river\\nemptied and in the ofting they perceived three or four islands of fair ele-\\nvation. These last, historians agree, were the Isles of Shoals.\\nNotwithstanding the isles are not identified on either of Champlain s maps\\n(1612 and 1632), it is 110 longer doubtful that De Monts made them out nine\\nyears before Smith saw them, though the latter has first given them on a\\nmap a locality and a name. But I take Pring to have been the first to men-\\ntion them, when, two years before De Monts, he sighted a multitude of small\\nislands in about forty-three degrees, and anchored under the shelter of the\\ngreatest. Gosnold must have seen the isles, but thought them hardly worth\\nentering in his log. Prince Charles, afterward Charles I., graciously confirmed\\nthe name Smith had, in 1614, given the isles. Yet he has little or no title to\\nbe considered their discoverer, and has left no evidence that he ever landed\\nupon them. Tlie French, Smith relates, had two ships forty leagues to the\\nwestward (of Monhegan) that had made great trade while he was on the\\ncoast. Beyond all these, the Basque shallop seen in these waters by Gosnold\\nremains a nut for historians to crack.\\nDe Poutrincourt s expedition of 1606 into Massachusetts Bay was the\\nsequel to that of 1605. De Monts, a heretic, through the jealousy of rivals\\nand Jesuit intrigue, was soon deprived of the privileges with which he had\\nbeen endowed by his fickle monarch. In this his experience was not unlike\\nthat of Gorges and the Council of Plymouth. De Monts was really the\\nhead of a commercial company, organized by Chauvin, governor of Dieppe.^\\nThe detail of his voyage along the New England coast in 1605 is the first\\nintelligible record to be found. Shall we not, at last, have to do the tardy\\njustice of acknowledging him the chief and guiding spirit of the expedi-\\ntion, now universally referred to as Champlain s? The l;.tter has become\\nthe prominent figure, while Du Guast is not even mentioned in some of our\\nso-called school histories.\\nChristopher Levett is the first Englishman to give an account of the isles\\nworthy of the name. Its brevity may be advantageously contrasted with\\nlater descriptions, though the natural features remain, in many respects, the\\nsame. He says, writing seven years after Captain Smith\\nA little book I have seen translates rather freely in making Champlain say and on the west\\nIpswitch Bay. See p. 122 for Champlain s exact language.\\nPring came to the main-land in forty-three and a half degrees his forthest point westward on\\nthis voyage and worked along the coast to the south-west. I know of no other islands between\\nCape Ann and his land-fall answering his description.\\nDe Monts sailed from Havre de Grace March 7th, 1604.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0165.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "156 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe first pl.ace T set my foot upon in New England was the Isle of\\nShoals, being islands in the sea about two leagues from the main,\\nUpon these islands I neither could see one good timber -tree nor so\\nmuch good ground as to make a garden.\\nThe place is found to be a good fishing-place for six ships, but more can\\nnot well be there, for want of convenient stage room, as this year s experience\\nhath proved.\\nThe year 1623 is the earliest date I have seen of the islands being occu-\\npied as a fishing station. Monhegan was earlier known, and more frequented\\nby English vessels for this purpose. A word or two about the fishery of\\nthose days.\\nCabot notices the cod under the name of bacalc Jean Alfonse speaks\\nof the bacaillos; Captain Uring calls it baccalew; the Indian name Avas\\ntamwock. Smith says the fish on our coast were much better than those\\ntaken at Newfoundland, which he styles poor John, a nickname ever since\\ncurrent up the Mediterranean. One of his ships, in 1614, loaded with dry\\nfish for Spain, where the cargo brought forty ryalls, or five dollars, the\\nquintal. Fifteen or eighteen men, by his relation, took with the hook alone\\nsixty thousand fish in a month.\\nCharlevoix believed this fish could turn itself inside out, like a pocket.\\nHe says they found bits of iron and glass, and even pieces of broken pots, in\\nthe stomachs of fish caught on the Banks of Newfoundland and adds that\\nsome people believed they could digest them. Josselyn says the fishermen\\nused to tan their sails and nets with hemlock-bark to preserve them.\\nAllusion has been made to the number of fishermen frequenting the Grand\\nBanks in 1578. Without the evidence few would be willing to believe the\\nfishery had attained such proportions at that early day, on a coast we have\\nbeen accustomed to regard as almost unknown. It certainly goes very far\\ntoward dispelling illusions respecting the knowledge that was had of our\\nown shores by those adventurous toilers of the sea.\\nIn Captain Richard Whitbourne s relation of his voyages and observations\\nin Newfoundland (Purchas, vol. iv., p. 1882), he says:\\nMore than lour hundred sail of fishing ships were annually sent to the\\nGrand Banks by the French and l*ortuguese, making two voyages a year,\\nfishing winter and summer.\\nIn the year 1G15, when I was at Newfoundland, he adds, there were\\nthen on tliat coast of your IMajestie s subjects two hundred and fiftie saile of\\nships, great and small. The burthens and tonnage of them all, one with an-\\nother, so neere as I could take notice, allowing every ship to be at least tliree-\\nscore tun (for as some of them contained lesse, so many of tliem held more),\\namounting to more than 15,000 tunnes. Now, for every three-score tun bur-\\nthen, according to the usual maiming of ships in those voyages, agreeing with\\nthe note I then tooke, there are to be set dounc twentie men and boyes; by", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0166.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 157\\nwhich computation in these two hundred and fiftie saile there were no lesse\\nthan five thousand persons.\\nDe Poutrincourt, writing to Paris in 1618 from Port Royal, estimates the\\nfishery to be then worth a million f? o? annually to France. He declares\\nhe would not exchange Canada for Peru if it were once seriously settled and\\nforeshadows the designs of the English on New France as soon as they should\\nhave made themselves strong in Virginia. By a royal edict of 1669 the\\nFrench fishermen of New France were allowed to land their fish in all the\\nports of the mother country, except Havre, free of duty.\\nThe advantages possessed by the Isles of Shoals were deep water, with a\\nreasonably secure haven for ships, free from molestation by the savages, while\\nthe crews were engaged in taking and curing their fish. To this ouglit to be\\nadded their nearness to the best fishing grounds. All along shore the islands\\nwere, as a rule, earlier frequented than the main-land. Levett says (and he\\nthought it a fatal objection) the ships that fished at Cape Ann in 1623 had\\nto send their boats tioenty miles to take their fish, and the masters were in\\ngreat fear of not making their voyages. I fear there hath been too fair a\\ngloss set upon Cape Ann, writes Levett.\\nLa Hontan, writing from Quebec in 1683, says of the cod-fishery on the\\nBanks of Newfoundland You can scarce imagine what quantities of cod-\\nfish were catch d there by our seamen in the space of a quarter of an liour;\\nfor though we had thirty-two fathom water, yet the hook was no sooner at\\nthe bottom than the fish was catch d so that they had notliing to do but to\\nthrow in and take up without interruption. But, after all, such is the mis-\\nfortune of this fishery that it does not succeed but upon certain banks, which\\nare commonly past over without stopping. However, as we were plentiful-\\nly entertain d at the cost of these fishes, so such of em as continued in the\\nsea made suflicient reprisals on the corpse of a captain and of several sol-\\ndiers who died of the scurvy, and were thrown overboard three or four days\\nafter.\\nIt is worthy of note that the Trial^ the first vessel built in Boston, took a\\nlading offish to Bilboa, in 1643, that were sold to good profit. From thence\\nshe took freight for Malaga, and brought home wine, oil, fruit, iron, etc. She\\nwas then sent to trade with La Tour and Acadia. The Trial was of about a\\nhundred and sixty tons burden. In the year IVOO there Avere two hundred\\nNew England vessels loaded in Acadia with fish. Tlie cargoes were taken\\nto Boston, and there distributed to diflTerent parts of the world.\\nAfter the isles became permanently inhabited the fishery continued pros-\\nperous, and by 1*730 three or four vessels were annually loaded for Bilboa.\\nBefore the Kevolution seven or eight schooners hailed from the islands, but\\nfrom this period the fishery dates its decay. In 1800 only shore-fishing was\\nWiuthrop s Journal.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0167.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "158\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\npursued, which employed thirteen whale-boats similar to those now in use,\\nand the best of all boats in a sea.\\nBesides the fish itself, the liver of the cod, as is well known, is saved for\\nthe oil it contains. Hake sounds are of greater value than the fish, being\\nextensively used in the manufacture of isinglass. The eflicacy of the cod s\\nliver was early known. Their livers and sounds eaten, says an old writer,\\nis a good medicine for to restore them that have melted their grease.\\nThe interest with which the obscure lives of these islanders and the clus-\\nter of inhospitable rocks on which they dwell are invested is remarkable\\nenough. It may be in a measure owing to the irregular intercourse former-\\nly held with tlie main-land, and to the consequently limited knowledge of\\nthem. And it is heightened in no small degree by the mystery of a resi-\\ndence in the midst of the sea, where all ties with the adjacent continent\\nwould seem to be dissevered. But if the open Polar Sea be a fact and\\nnot a myth, the continents are themselves but larger islands with more ex-\\npanded horizons.\\nI happened one day to be in Portsmouth. Entre oioits, if you want to\\n_-, ^-_ be esteemed there\\nE -;^^r-^^^^^M^5m=^:gg you must say\\nIP Porchmouth, as\\n1^ even the letter-\\np ed of that ilk do.\\nTlie morning air\\nhad been fresh-\\nened and sweet-\\nened by copious\\nshowers; little\\npools stood in the\\n.U.U. AND MINGO KOCKS, iU CK i.LAM.. ^iy^^^i^^ aud OVCry\\nblade of grass was tipped with a ci ystal rain-drop. Old Probabilities had\\nforetold clearing wcatlici Ever}^ thing seemed proj/itinus, exc e])t tliat it\\ncontinued to rain pitchforks, with the tines downward, and that tlie wind\\nwas steadily M orkiiig round to the eastward. As the struggle between foul\\nand fair seemed at length to incline to the latter,! went down to the wharf\\nto find the ])acket for the Shoals had already unmoored, and was standing\\nacross the river. I^nloosing a dory that was lying conveniently near, I\\nboarded the Marie as she came about, thus putting myself e)i r q^port with\\nthe Shoals by means of this little tU)ating bridge, or island, as you may please\\nto have it.\\nIt 1\u00c2\u00bbciiig the fii st day ol siiininci-, t lie jinssengers were so i\\\\ W as to be\\neasily taken in at a glance i liey were chiefiy workmen employed on the\\ngreat lK)tel at Star Island, or, as they cliose to style themselves, convicts\\ngoing into servitude on a desert rock: so cheaj)ly did they hold the attrac-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0168.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 159\\ntions of the isles. Perhaps one or two of the passengers had no more busi-\\nless at the islands than myself.\\nIt is not easy to have a more delightful sail than down the Piscataqua, or\\n:o find a more beautiful stream when its banks are clothed in green. It has\\n)ften been described, and may again be, without fear of exhausting its capa-\\nbilities. The movement of shipping to and fro; the shifting of objects as you\\njlide by them, together with the historic renown with which its shores are\\nncrusted, fill the eye while exciting the imagination. A few miles above\\nPortsmouth the river expands into a broad basin, which receives the volume\\n3f tide, and then pours it into the sea between narrow banks.\\nWe gained the narrows of the river with Pierce s Island on the right and\\n5eavey s on the left, each crowned with grass-grown batteries thrown up in\\nthe Revolution to defend the pass. Here the stream is not a good rifle-shot\\nin breadth, and moves with increased velocity within the contracted space,\\nthe swirl and eddying of the current resembling the boiling of a huge cal-\\nIron. Its surface is ringed with miniature whirlpools, and at flood-tide the\\nmid-channel seems lifted above the level of the river, as I have seen the\\nii:ighty volume of the Missouri during its annual rise. It is not strange the\\nplace should have received the anathemas of mariners from immemorial time,\\nor boast a name so unconventional withal as Pull-and-be-d d Point.\\nClearing the narrows, we left behind us the city steeples, the big ship-\\nhouses, lazy war ships, and tall chimneys on Kittery side. The wind being\\nlight, the skipper got up a stay-sail from the fore-hatch. As it was bent to\\nthe halyards, a bottle labeled ginger ale, but smelling uncommonly like\\nschnapps, rolled out of its folds. We were now slowly forging past New-\\ncastle, or Great Island. The sun came out gloriously, lighting up the spire\\nof the little church at Kittery Point and the masts of vessels lying at anchor\\nin the roads.\\nGlancing astern, I remarked four wherries coming down at a great pace\\nwith the ebb. They kept directly abreast of each other, as if moved by a\\nsingle oarsman, while the rowers talked and laughed as they might have done\\non the pavement ashore. I could see by the crates piled in the stern of each\\nboat that they were lobstermen, going outside to look after their traps. As\\nthey went by they seemed so many huge water-spiders skimming the sur-\\nface of the river.\\nFort Constitution, with its dismantled walls and frowning port-holes, is\\nnow passed, and Whale s Back, w ith twin light-houses, shows its ledges above\\nwater. We open the mouth of the river with Odiorne s Point on the star-\\nboard and Gerrish s Island on the port bow, the swell of ocean lifting our\\nlittle bark, and making her courtesy to the great deep.\\nThe islands had apjjcared in view when we were off Newcastle, the hotel\\non Star Island, where it loomed like some gray sea-fortress, being the most\\nconspicuous object. As we ran off the shore, the cape of the main-land and", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0169.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "160 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe cul-de-sac of Cbamplain came out, and fixed themselves where he had\\nseen them. One by one the islands emerged from the dark mass that involved\\nthe whole, and became individuals. The wind dying away off Duck Island,!\\nwas fain to take an oar in the whale-boat towing astern. We rowed along\\nunder Appledore into the little haven between that islafid and Star, with no\\nsound but the dip of our oars to break the stillness, and beached our boat\\nas the evening shadows were deepening over a stormy sea.\\nThere had been a striking sunset. Great banks of clouds were massed\\nabove the western horizon, showing rifts of molten gold where the sun burst\\nthrough, which the sea, in its turn, reflected. As I looked over toward White\\nIsland, the lamps were lighted in the tower, turning their rays hither and\\nthither over a blackness that recalled Poe s sensuous imagery of lamp-light\\ngloating over purple velvet. The weather-wise predicted a north-easter, and\\nI went to bed with the old sea moaning all round about the island.\\nI passed my first night, and a rude one it was, on Star Island. When I\\narose in the morning and looked out I fancied myself at sea, as indeed I was.\\nThe ocean was on every side, the plash of the waters being the last sound\\nheard at night and the first on waking. I saw the sun rise over Smutty\\nNose through tlie same storm-clouds in which it had set at evening. I am\\nan early riser, but even before I was astir a wherry crossed the little harbor\\nmy window overlooked.\\nThe islands lie in two States, and are seven in number. Duck Island,\\nthe most dangerous of the group; Appledore, sometimes called Hog Island;\\nSmutty Nose, or Haley s, and Cedar, belong to Maine; Star, White, and Lon-\\ndoner s, or Lounging Island, are in New Hampshire. Appledore is the largest,\\nand Cedar the smallest. In one instance I have known Star called Staten\\nIsland, though it was formerly better known as Gosport, the name of its fish-\\ning village, whose records go back to 1731. Counting Malaga, a little islet\\nattached to Smutty Nose by a breakwater, and there are eight islands in\\nthe cluster. They are nine miles south-east of the entrance of the Piscataqua\\nand twenty-one north-east from N(nvburyport Light. The harbor, originally\\nformed by Appledore, Star, and Haley s Islands, was made more secure by a\\nsea-wall, now much out of rcjiair, from Smutty Nose to Cedar Island. The\\nroadstead is open to the south-west, and is indifferently sheltered at best.\\nBetween Cedar and Star is a narrow ])assage used by small cralt, through\\nwhich the tide runs as in a sluice-way. Tiie group is environed with several\\ndangerous sunken rocks. Scpiare Hock is to the westward of Londoner s;\\nWhite Island Ledge south-west of tliat isle; Anderson s Ledge is south-east\\nof Star Island; and Cedar Island Ledge south of Smutty Nose.*\\nStar Island is tlirec-fourllis of a mile lonj; and lialf a niik wide; White Island is also tliree-\\nfoiirtlis of ii mile in IcnKtli. It is a mile and three ([iiarters from Star Island. Londoner s is five-\\neighths of a mile in length, and one-eighth of a mile from Star Island. Duck Island is seven-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0170.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 161\\nThe name of the Isles of Shoals is first inentioiied by Christopher Levett,\\nin his narrative of 1623. The mariners of his day must have known of the\\ndescription and the map of Smith, but they seem to have little aflected the\\nname he gave the islands. It would not be unreasonable to infer that the\\ngroup was known by its present name even before it was seen by Smith, and\\nthat his claims were of little weight with those matter-of-fact fishermen.\\nSome writers have made a difficulty of the meaning of the name, attributing\\nit to the shoals, or schools, offish seen there as everywhere along the coast at\\ncertain seasons of the year. East of the islands, toward the open sea, there\\nis laid down on old charts of the Province an extensive shoal called Jeffrey s\\nLedge, named perhaps for one of the first inhabitants of the isles, and extend-\\ning in the direction of the coast from the latitude of Cape Porpoise to the\\nsouthward of the Shoals. On either side of this shallow, which is not of great\\nbreadth, are soundings in seventy fathoms, while on the ledge the lead brings\\nup coarse sand in thirty, thirty-five, and forty-five fathoms. The presence\\nof this reef tends to strengthen the theory that these islands, as well as the\\nremarkable system of Casco Bay, once formed part of the main-land. The\\nearlier navigators who approached the coast, cautiously feeling their way\\nwith the lead, soon after passing over this shoal came in sight of the islands,\\nwhich, it is believed, served to mark its presence. Jeffrey s Ledge has been\\na fishing-ground of much resort for the islanders since its first discovery.\\nTo whatever cause science may attribute the origin of the isles, I was\\nstruck, at first sight, with their resemblance to the bald peaks of a submerged\\nvolcano thrust upward out of the waters, the little harbor being its crater.\\nThe remarkable fissures traversing the crust of the several members of the\\ngroup, in some cases nearly parallel with the shores, strengthens the impres-\\nsion. In winter, or during violent storms, the savagery of these rocks, ex-\\nposed to the full fury of the Atlantic, and surrounded by an almost perpetual\\nsurf, is overwhelming. You can with difficulty believe the island on which\\nyou stand is not reeling beneath your feet.\\nAfter exploring the shore and seeing with his own eyes the deep gashes\\nin its mailed garment, the basins hollowed out of granite and flint, and the\\nutter wantonness in which the sea has pitched about the fragments it has\\nwrested from the solid rock, the futility of words in which to express this\\nconfusion comes home to the spectator. Mr. Hawthorne s idea greatly re-\\neighths of a mile in length, and three miles fiom Star Island meeting-house. Appledore is seven-\\neighths of a mile from Star, and a mile in length. Haley s, or Smutty Nose, is a mile in length,\\nand five-eighths of a mile from Star Island meeting-house. Cedar Island is one-tliird of a mile\\nlong, and three-eighths of a mile distant from the meeting-house. Tiie whole group contains some-\\nthing in excess of six hundred acres.\\nThe term Shoals of Isles seems ratlier far-fetched, and scarcely significant to English sail-\\nors fiimiliar with the hundred and sixty islands of the Hebrides. I can rind no instance of these\\nisles having been so called.\\n1 1", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0171.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "162 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsembles the Indian legend of the origin of Nantucket. As much as any\\nthing else, he says, it seems as if some of the massive materials of the\\nworld remained superfluous after the Creator had finished, and were careless-\\nly thrown down heie, where the millionth part of them emerge from the sea,\\nand in the course of thousands of years have become partially bestrewn with\\na little soil.\\nThe old navigators stigmatized Labrador as the place to which Cain was\\nbanished, no vegetation being produced among the rocks but tljorns and moss.\\nWhat a subject White Island would make for a painting of the Deluge!\\nA F inlander with whom I parleyed told me his country could show ruder\\nplaces than these isles, and that the winters there were longer and colder.\\nParson Tucke used to say the winters at ihe Shoals were a thin under-\\nwaistcoat, warmer than on the opposite main-land. Doubtless the Orkneys\\nor Hebrides equal these islands in desolateness and wildness of aspect, but\\nthey could scarce surpass them.\\nThe islands are so alike in their natural features that a general descrip-\\ntion of one will \u00c2\u00abipply to the rest of the cluster; and hence the first explored,\\nso far as its crags, sea-caverns, and galleries are in question, is apt to make\\nthe strongest impression. But after closer acquaintance each of the seven is\\nfound to possess attractions, peculiarities even, of its own. They grow upon\\nyou and charm away your better judgment, until you find sermons, or what is\\nbetter, in stones, and good health everywhere. The change comes over you\\nimperceptibly, and you are metamorphosed for the time into a full-fledged\\nShoaler, ready to climb a precipice or handle an oar with any native I\\nwas about to say of the soil but that would be quite too strong a figure\\nfor the Shoals.\\nThe little church on Star Island is usually first visited. When I was be-\\nfore here, it was a strikingly picturesque object, surmounting the islands, and\\nvisible in clear weather twenty miles at sea. It is now dwarfed by the ho-\\ntel, and is perliaps even no longer a sea-mark for the fishermen. Such quaint\\nlittle turrets have I seen in old Dutch ])rints. The massive walls are of\\nrough granite from the abundance of the isle. Its roof and tower are of\\nwood, and, being hei-e, what else could it have but a fish for its weather-\\nvane? The bell was used, while I was there, to call the workmen to their\\ndaily labor; but its tones were always mournful, and vibrated with strange\\ndissonance across the sea.\\nThe whitewash the intei-ior walls had received was plentifully bespattered\\nupon the wooden benches. In a deeply recessed window one of the tiny sea-\\nbirds that re((U( nt the islands was beating the panes with its wings. I gave\\nthe little fellow his lilicrty, but he did not stay for thanks. The churcli is\\nnot more tlian tin paces in length by six in bi eadth, yet was sufficient, no\\ndoubt, for all the church-goers of the seven islands. Its foundations are uoon\\na rock, and it is altogether a queer thing in an odd place.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0172.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n163\\nAfter the desertion of Appledore, a meeting-house was erected on Star\\nIsland, twenty-eight by forty-eight feet, with a bell. Mr. Moody, of Salis-\\nbury, Massachusetts, was, in 1706, called to be the first minister there. In\\n1730 he was succeeded by Rev. John Tucke.\\nMather relates many anecdotes of Rev. John Brock, one of the early min-\\nisters at the islands, in illustration of the efficacy of prayer. The child of one\\nArnold, he says, lay sick, so nearly dead that those present believed it had\\nreally expired; but Mr. Brock, perceiving some life in it, goes to prayer, and\\nin his prayer uses this expression, Lord, wilt thou not grant some sign before\\nwe leave prayer that thou wilt spare and heal this child? We can not leave\\nthee til we have it. The child sneez d immediately.\\nMEETING-HOUSE, STAB ISLAND.\\nGoing round the corner of the church, I came upon a coast pilot, peering\\nthrough his glass for the smoke of a steamer, cable-freighted, that had been\\nmomentarily expected from Halifax for a week. His trim little boat lay in\\nthe harbor below us at her moorings. It w^as, he said, a favorite station from\\nwhich to intercept inward-bound vessels. The pilot told me, with a quiet\\nchuckle, of a coaster, manned by raw Irish hands, that had attempted in broad\\nday to run into the harbor over the breakwater from Haley s to Cedar isl-\\nand. They did not get in, he said but it being a full tide and smooth sea,\\nthe mole only knocked off the cut-water of their craft.\\nBehind the meeting-house is the little school-house, in as dire confusion\\nBuilt in 1800, through the eflForts of Dudley A. Tvng:, of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Ded-\\nicated in November by Rev. Jedediah Morse, fatlier of S. F. B. Morse. A school was for a time\\nkept in it.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0173.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "164 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nAvhen I saw it as any bad boy could liave wislied. The windows were sliat-\\ntered, chairs and benches overturned, and a section of rusty stove-pipe hung-\\nfrom the ceiling, while the fragment of a wall map, jjressed into service as a\\nwindow-curtain, was being scanned through the dingy glass by an urchin\\nwith a turn for geography.\\nEast of the church is a row of cottages, the remnant of the fishing village,\\nserving to show what it was like before modern innovations had swept the\\nmoiety of ancient Gosport from the face of the island. Each had a bird-\\nhouse on the peak of its gable. There was the semblance of regularity in\\nthe arrangement of these cottages, the school-iiouse leading the van but\\nthey were nearly or quite all unpainted, these homely abodes of a rude people.\\nOn looking around, you perceived walled inclosures, some of them con-\\ntaining a little earth patched with green grass, but all thickly studded with\\nboulders. Is it possible, you ask, that such a waste should ever be the cause\\nof heart-burnings, or know the name of bond, mortgage, or warranty? Little\\ndid these impoverished islanders dream the day would come when their ster-\\nile rocks would be eagerly sought after by tlie fortunate possessors of abun-\\ndance.\\nStar Island formerly afforded pasturage for a few sheep and cows. There\\nis a record of a Avoinan who died at Gosport in 1795, aged ninety. She kept\\ntwo cows, fed in winter on hay cut by her in summer with a knife among the\\nrocks. The cows were taken from her by the British in 1775, and killed, to\\nthe great grief of old Mrs. Pusley. Formerly there was more vegetation\\nliere, but at odd times the poor people have gathered and burned for fuel\\nfully half the turf on the island. It is written in the book of records that\\nthe soil of the islands is gradually decreasing, and that a time would come\\nwhen the dead must be buried in the sea or on the main-land.\\nFrom the year 1775 until 1820, the iew inhabitants who remained on the\\nislands lived in a deplorable condition of ignorance and vice. Some of them\\nhad lost their ages for want of a record. Each family was a law to itself\\nThe town organization was abandoned. Even the marriage relation was for-\\ngotten, and the restraints and usages of civilized life set at naught. Some\\nof the more debased, about 1790, pulled down and burned the old meeting-\\nhouse, which liad been a prominent landmark for seamen; but, says the rec-\\nord, the special judgments of Heaven seem to have followed this i)iece of\\nwickedness to those immediately concerne(l in it. The ))arsonage- house\\nmight liave fared as ill, had it not been floated away to Old York by 3Ir.\\nTucke s son-in-law,\\nllev. Jedediah ]Morse lias entered in the record two marriages solemnized\\nby him during the time he was on the islands, with the following remarks:\\nThe two cou))les above mentioned had been published eight or ten years\\nago (but not married), and coliabited together since, and had each a number\\nof children. had been formerly married to another woman she had", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0174.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n1G5\\nleft him, aiul coliabited witli lier uncle, by whom she has a nuinbev of chil-\\ndren. No regular divorce had been obtained. Considering the peculiar de-\\nranged state of the people on these islands, and the ignorance of the parties,\\nit was thought expedient, in order as far as possible to prevent future sin, to\\nmarry them.\\nTHE GKAVES, WITH CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH S MONUMENT, STAR ISLAND.\\nIt is perhaps as well the visitor should be his own gtiide about the islands,\\nleaving it to chance to direct his footsteps. After an inspection of the more\\nprominent objects, such as may be taken in at a glance from the little church,\\nI wandered at will, encountering at every few steps some new surprise. Some\\none says, if we seek for pleasure it is pretty sure to elude our pursuit, coming\\noftener to us unawares, and the more unexpected the higher the gratification.\\nIt was in some such mood I stumbled, to speak literally, on the old burial-\\nplace of the islands, I am aware that one does not, as a rule, seek enjoyment\\nin a grave-yard but I have ever found an unflagging interest in decii)hering\\nthe tablets of a buried city or hamlet. These stones may be sententious or\\nloquacious, pompous or humble, and sometimes grimly merry.\\nFor more than a century previous to the Revolution the islands were prosperous, containing\\nfrom three to six hundred souls. In 1800 there were three fiimilies and twenty persons on Smutty\\nNose; fifteen families and ninety-two persons on Star Island, alias Gosport eleven dwellings and\\nten fish-houses on the latter, and tliree decenc dwellings on the former. At tliis time there was\\nnot an inhabitant on Appledore, alias Hog Island.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0175.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "166 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nOar German friends call the church-yard God s Field. Hei-e are no in-\\nscriptions, except on the horizontal slabs of Tucke and Stephens. There is no\\ndifference between the rough stones protruding from the ground and the frag-\\nments strewn broadcast about the little house-lots. So far as this inclosure is\\nconcerned, tl)e annals of the hamlet are as a closed book. The instinct which\\nbids you forbear treading on a grave is at fault here. It requires sharp eyes\\nand a close scrutiny to discover that some effort has been made to distinguish\\nthis handful of graves by head and foot stones that some are of greater and\\nsome of lesser length or that the little hollows and hillocks have their secret\\nmeaning.\\nThe two shepherds lie at the head of their little fold, in vaults composed\\nof the rude masses found ready at hand. For fear their inscriptions might\\none day be effaced, I transcribed them\\nIn Memory of\\nTHE REV. JOSIAH STEPHENS,\\nA faithful Instructor of Youth, and pious\\nMinister of Jesus Christ.\\nSupported on this Island by the\\nSociety for Propagating the Gospel,\\nwho died July 2, 1804.\\nAged 64 years.\\nLikewise of\\nMRS. SUSANNAH STEPHENS,\\nhis beloved Wife,\\nwho died Dec. 7, 1810.\\nAged 54 years.\\nUnderneath\\nare the Remains of\\nTHE REV. JOHN TUCKE, A.M.\\nHe graduated at Harvard College, a.d. 1723,\\nWas ordained here July 26, 1732,\\nAnd died Aug. 12, 1773.\\n^t. 72.\\nHe was affable and polite in his manner,\\nAmiable in his disposition,\\nOf great piety and integrity, given to hospitality,\\nDiligent and faithful in his pastoral office.\\nWell learned in History and Geography, as well as\\nGeneral Science,\\nAnd a careful Physician both to the bodies\\nand the souls uf his People.\\nErected 1800. In Memory of the Just.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0176.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 167\\nFor two-score years this pious man labored in his stony vineyard. His\\nparishioners agreed to give him a quintal per man of winter fish their best.\\nThey covenanted to carry his wood from the landing home for him. With\\nthis he wa content. He was their minister, teacher, physician, and even\\nkept the accounts of a little store in a scrupulously exact way. I have been\\nporing over his old-time chirography, clear-cut and beautiful as copper-plate.\\nThere are the good old English names of Ruth, Nabby, and Judy, of Betty,\\nPatsey, and Love. We get a glimpse of their household economy in the por-\\nringers, pewter lamps, and pint-pots; the horn combs, thread, tape, and end-\\nless rows of pins for women-folk the knitting-needles that clicked by the\\nfireside in long winter nights, while the lads were away on Jefl:Vey s Ledge.\\nFrom here I wended my way to Smith s monument, erected in 1864, a tri-\\nangular shaft of marble, risingr eitjht or ten feet above a craggy rock. It is\\nplaced on a pedestal of rough stone, and protected b}-- a railing from vandal\\nhands. Its situation on one of the highest eminences of Star Island has ex-\\nposed the inscription to the weather, until it is become diflftcult to decipher.\\nThe three sides of the pillar are occupied by a lengthy eulogium on this hero\\nof many adventures,\\nOf moving accidents by flood and field\\nOf hair-breadtii scapes i the imminent deadly breach.\\nLike Temple Bar of old, the monument is crowned with heads those of\\nthe three Moslems slain by Smith, and seen on his scutcheon, as given by\\nStow, where they are also quartered. I know of no other instance of decapi-\\ntated heads being set up in ISTew England since King Philip s was struck off\\nand stuck on a pike at Plymouth, in 1676. Two of the heads had fallen\\ndown, and the third seemed inclined to follow. Then the monument will be\\nas headless as the doughty captain s tombstone in the pavement of St. Sepul-\\nchre s, worn smooth by many feet. In brief, the three Turks heads stick no\\nbetter than the name given by Smith to the islands off Cape Ann after they\\nhad been named by De Monts,\\nSmith says he had six or seven charts or maps of the coast so unlike each\\nother as to do him no more good than waste paper. He gives credit to Gos-\\nnold and Weymouth for their relations.\\nA few rods south-east of the old burying-ground i,s a sheltered nook, in\\nwhich are three little graves, wholly concealed by dwarf willows and wild\\nrose-bushes. They are tenanted by three children Jessie, two years;\\nMillie, four years; and Mittie, seven years old the daughters of Rev.\\nGeorge Beebe, some time missionary to these isles. Under the name of the\\nlittle one last named are these touching, tearful words: I don t want to die,\\nbut I ll do just as Jesus wants me to. A gentle hand has formed this re-\\ntreat, and protected it with a wooden fence. While I stood there a song-\\nbird perched above the entrance and poured forth his matin lay. There is a\\nthird burial-place on the harbor side, but it lacks interest.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0177.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "168 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nAnother Instoric spot is the rnitied fort, on the west point of the island,\\noverlooking the entrance to the roadstead. Its contour may be traced, and\\na little of the embankment of one face remains. The well was filled to the\\ncurb with water. It once mounted nine four-pounder cannon, but at the be-\\nginning of the Revolution was dismantled, and the guns taken to Newbury-\\nport. I suppose the inhabitants for a long time to have neglected precau-\\ntions for defense, as Colonel Romer, in his report to the Lords of Trade, about\\n1699, makes no mention of any fortification here. One of its terrible fonr-\\npoundei-s would not now make a mouthful for our sea-coast ordnance.\\nContinuing my walk by the shore, I came to the cavern popularly known\\nas Betty Moody s Hole. It is formed by the lodgment of masses of rock, so\\nas to cover one of the gulches common to the isle. Here, says tradition, Betty\\nconcealed herself, with her two children, while the Indians were ravaging the\\nisles and carrying many females into captivity. The story goes that the\\nchildren, becoming frightened in the cavern, began to cry, whereat their in-\\nhuman mother, in an excess of fear, strangled them both others say she was\\ndrowned here. The affair is said to have happened during Philip^s War. I\\ndo not find it mentioned by either Mather or PFubbard. At times during\\nthe fishing season there was hardly a man left upon the islands, a circum-\\nstance well known to the Indians.\\nA memoir extracted from the French archives gives a picture of the\\nIsles in 1 702, when an attack appears to have been meditated. The Isles\\nde Chooles are about three leagues from Peskatoue to the south-south-east\\nfrom the embouchure of the river, where a great quantity of fish are taken.\\nThese are three isles in the form of a tripod, and at about a musket-shot one\\nfrom the other. There are at these three islands about sixty fishing\\nsliaUops, manned each by four men. Besides these are the masters of the\\nfishing stages, and, as they are assisted by tlie women in taking care of the\\nfish, there may be in all about two hundred and eighty men but it is neces-\\nsary to observe that from Monday to Saturday there are hardly any left on\\nshore, all being at sea on the fishing-grounds.\\nTaking note of the ragged fissures, which tradition ascribes to the day\\nUlill. A coTisiilcrahli lioily of Eastern Indians came down from tlie interior, with tlie inten-\\ntion of sackinj; tiie Isles of Slioais, Imt on Aiif^iist 4tli came nixin some En ^lisli forces at IMacpioit,\\nnndei- Captain Maidi, and had a i v^ht with tliem. Tliis prcventcd tlieir jjioceedinj;, and saved the\\nShoals. Maf;naiia, vol. xi.. IWI.\\n1( 2. Governor Fletcher exniiiiucd three deserters, or renegadoes, as he calls them, from Que-\\nbec, who came before him Se|)temher 23d. They said two men-of-war had arrived at Quebec, and\\nwere (ittinj; out for an expedition aloni; the coast, with a design to fall on Wells, Isle of Shoals,\\nI iscatacpia, etc. New York .ilnniiil I )(iriiniciits, vol. iii., p. 855.\\n1724. After the Indians had cut otV Captain Winslow and thirteen of his men in the TJiver St.\\nGeorge, encouraged bv this success, the enemy made a still greater attemjit by water, and seized\\ntwo shalliips at the l les (.f Slioals.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 IIltciiinson s Massachusetts, vol. ii., p. 307.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0178.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n169\\nof the Crucifixion,\\nI clambered down\\none of the rocky\\ngorges from which\\nthe softer forma-\\ntion has been eat-\\nen out by the\\nconsuming appe-\\ntite of the waves.\\nSometimes the de-\\nscent was made\\neasy by irregular\\nsteps of trap-rock,\\nand again a flying\\nleap was necessa-\\nry from stone to\\nstone. The per-\\npendicular walls\\nof the gorge rose\\nnear fifty feet at\\nits outlet, at the\\nshore It was a gouge, star island.\\nrelief to emerge from the dripping sides and pent-up space into the open air.\\nThe Flume, on Star Island, is a fine specimen of the intrusion of igneous rock\\namong the harder formation.\\nIf you would know what the sea can do, go down one of these gulches to\\nthe water s edge and be satisfied. I could not find a round pebble among\\nthe debris of shattered rock that lay tumbled about; only fractured pieces of\\nirregular shapes. Those rocks submerged bj the tide were blackened as if\\nby fire, and shagged with weed. Overhead the precipitous cliff s caught the\\nsun s rays on countless glittering points, the mica with which they are so\\nplentifully bespangled dazzling the eye with its brilliancy. Elsewhere they\\nwere flint, of which there w^as more than enough to have furnished all Europe\\nin the Thirty Years War, or else granite. Looking up from among the ahat-\\ntis which girds the isle about, you are confronted by masses of overhanging\\nrocks that threaten to detach themselves from the cliff and bury you in\\ntheir ruins.\\nIt is not for the timid to attempt a ramble among the rocks on the At-\\nlantic side at low tide. He should be sure-footed and supple-jointed who un-\\ndertakes it, with an eye to estimate the exact distance where the incoming\\nsurf-wave is to break. The illusions produced in the mind by the great\\nwaves that roll past are not the least striking sensations experienced. The\\nspeed with which they press in, and the noise accompanying their passage", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0179.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "IVO THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthrough the gullies and rents of the shore, contribute to make them seem\\nmuch larger than they really are. It was only by continually watching the\\nwaves and measuring their farthest reach that I was able to await one of\\nthese curling monsters with composure; and even then I could not avoid\\nlooking suddenly round on hearing the rush of a breaker behind me; and\\never and anon one of greater volume destroyed all confidence by bursting far\\nabove the boundaries the mind had assigned for its utmost limits.\\nNothing struck me more than the idea of such mighty forces going to\\npure waste. A lifting power the Syracusan never dreamed of litei ally throw-\\ning itself away An engine sufficient to turn all the machinery in Christen-\\ndom lying idle at our very doors. What might not be accomplished if Old\\nNeptune would put his shoulder to the wheel, instead of making all this mag-\\nnificent but useless pother!\\nI noticed that the M aves, after churning themselves into foam, assumed\\nemerald tints, and caught a momentary gleam of sapphire, melting into ame-\\nthyst, during the rapid changes from the bluish-green of solid water to its\\ngreatest state of disintegration. The same change of color has been observed\\nin the Hebrides, and elsewhere.\\nThe place that held for me more of fascination and sublimity than others\\nwas the bluflf that looks out upon the vast ocean. I was often there. The\\nswell of the Atlantic is not like the long regular roll of the Pacific, but it\\nbeats with steady rhythm. The grandest effects are produced after a heavy\\nnorth-east blow, when the \u00e2\u0096\u00a0\\\\vaves assume the larger and more flattened form\\nknown as the ground-swell. I was fortunate enough to stand on the cliff\\nafter three or four days of easterly weather had })roduccd this effect. Sucli\\nbillows as poui cd with solid im])aet on the rocks, leaj)ing twenty feet in the\\nair, or heai)ed themselves in fountains of boiling foam around its base, give a\\ncompetent idea of i-esistless power! The shock and recoil seemed to shake\\nthe foundations of the island.\\nUpon a shelf or platform of this cliff a young lady-teacher lost her life\\nin September, 1848. Since then the rock on which she was seated has been\\ncalled INIiss ITuderhilTs Chair. Other accidents have occurred on the same\\nspot, insufficient, it would seem, to prevent the foolhardy from i-isking their\\nlives for a seat in this f:ttal chair.\\nThere are circumstances that cast a melancholy interest around the fate\\nof ]\\\\Iiss Underhill. In early life she liad been betrothed, and the banns, as\\nwas then the custom, h:i l been ))ublished iu the village church. Her fiither,\\na stern old (Quaker, opposi d the match, threatening to tear down the marriage\\nintention rather than see his daughter wed with one of another sect. Wheth-\\ner from this or other ciusc, the suitor ceased his attentions, and not long aftei\\ntook another wife in the same village.\\nThe disai)j)ointment was believed to have made a deep im]nession on a\\ngirl of Miss Underhiirs strength of character. She was a INIethodist, deeply", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0180.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 171\\nimbued with the religions zeal of that denomination. Hearing from one Avho\\nhad been at the Isles of Slioals that the people were in as great need of a\\nmissionary as those of Burmah or of the Gold Coast, it became an affair of\\nconscience with her to go there and teach.\\nShe came to the islands, and applied herself with ardor to the work before\\nher, a labor from which any but an enthusiast would have recoiled. It is as-\\nserted that no spot of American soil contained so debased a community as\\nthis.\\nIt was her habit every pleasant day, at the close of school, to repair to\\nthe high cliff on the eastern shore of Star Island, where a rock conveniently\\nplaced by nature became her favorite seat. Here, with her Bible or other\\nbook, she was accustomed to pass the time in reading and contemplation.\\nShe was accompanied on her last visit by a gentleman, erroneously thought\\nto have been her lover, who ventured on the rock with her. A tidal wave of\\nunusual magnitude swept them from their feet. The gentleman succeeded in\\nregaining his foothold, but the lady was no more seen.\\nSearch was made for the body without success. A week after the occur-\\nrence it was found on York Beach, where the tide had left it. There was not\\nthe least disorder in the ill-fated lady s dress the bonnet still covered her\\nhead, the ear-rings were in her ears, and her shawl was pinned across her\\nbreast. In a word, all was just as when she had set out for her walk. The\\nkind-hearted man who found the poor waif took it home, and cared for it as if\\nit had been his own dead. An advertisement caught the eye of Miss Under-\\nhill s brother. She was carried to Chester, New Hampshire, her native place,\\nand there buried.\\nNotwithstanding the humble surroundings of her home. Miss Underhill\\nwas a person of superior and striking appearance. Her face was winning\\nand her self-possessed manner is still the talk of her old-time associates.\\nI have heard, as a sequel to the school-teacher s story, that some years after\\nthe fixtal accident her old suitor came to the Isles, and, while bathing there,\\nwas drowned. The recovery of the body of the lady uninjured seems little\\nshort of miraculous, and confirms the presence of a strong under-tow, as I had\\nsuspected on seeing the floats of the lobster-men moored within a few feet of\\nthe rocks.\\nSchiller may have stood, in imagination, on some such crag as this when\\nhis wicked king flung his golden goblet into the mad sea, and witli it the life\\not the hapless stripling who plunged, at his challenge, down into\\nThe endless and measureless world of the deep.\\nIn a neighboring ravine I found a spring of fresh Avater, though rather\\nbrackish to the taste and in the more sheltered places wei-e heaps of mussel-\\nshells, the outer surface of a beautiful purple. They look better where they\\nare than in my cabinet, tliough the lining of those I secured have an enamel", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0181.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "1V2 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof mother-of-pearl. Another remarkable feature I observed were the depos-\\nits of gravel among the crevices; but I saw no flint among the water-worn\\nboulders wedged, as if by a heavy pressure, in fissures of the rocks, I re-\\nmarked also the presence of a poor schistus intersecting the strata here and\\nthere. Some of it I could break off with my hands.\\nAnother delightful ramble is on the harbor side, from the old fort round\\nto Caswell s Peak or beyond. Passing by the little hand-breadth of sandy\\nbeach M here the doi ies may land, once paved, the chronicles tell us, many\\nfeet deep with fish-bones, I observed with pleasure the green oasis spread out\\nbetween the hotel and the shore. The proprietor seemed resolved that the\\nvery rocks should blossom, and already a garden smiled above the flint.\\nThere is a sight worth seeing from the cupola of the hotel; of the White\\nHills, and Agamenticus, with the sands of Rye, Hampton, and Squam stretch-\\ning along shore. I could see the steeples of Portsmouth and of Newbury-\\npoi-t, the bluff at Boar s Head, and the smoke of a score of inland villages.\\nP\\\\)llowing with the eye the south coast where it sweeps round Ipswich Bay\\none sees Cjipe Ann and Thatcher s Island outlying; the gate-way of the busy\\nbay beyond, into which all manner of craft were pressing sail. Northward\\nwere Newcastle, Kittery, and York, and farther eastward the lonely rock of\\nBoon Island. Shoreward is Appledore, with the turret of its hotel visible\\nabove; and right below us the little harbor so often a welcome haven to the\\nstorm-tossed mariner.\\nMost visitors to the islands are familiar M ith the terrible story of the\\nwreck of the JSTottingham galley, of London, in the year 1710. She was\\nbound into Boston, and having made the land to the eastward o/ the Piscat-\\naqua, shaped her course southward, driven before -a north-east gale, accom-\\npanied with rain, hail, and snow. For ten or twelve days succeeding they\\nliad no observation. On tlie night of the 11th of December, while under easy\\nsail, the vessel struck on Boon Island.\\nWith great difiiculty the crew gained the rocks. Tlie ship having imme-\\ndiately broken up, they were able to recover nothing eatable, except three\\nsmall cheeses found entangled among the rock-weed. Some pieces of the\\nspars and sails that came ashore gave them a te!n])orary shelter, but every\\nMoiinfttins seen o/T the roast: Agamenticus, twelve miles north of the entrance of the Pisc.it-\\nnqiia three inferior summits, known as Frost s Hills, at a less distance on the north-west. In New\\nHamj)sliire tlic first ridge is twenty or thirty miles from sea, in the towns of Barrington, Notting-\\nham, and Kociiester tlie sunmiits known as Tencrifie, Saddlel)ack. Tiickaway, etc. Their general\\nname is tlie Jihie Hills. IJeyond these are several detached snmmits Monnt ]\\\\Iajor, Moose\\nMountain, etc. also a third range farther inlaml, with C hocorna, ()ssii)ee, and Kearsarge. In the\\nlofty ridge separating the waters of the Mcrrimac and the Connecticut is Granil Monadnock, twen-\\nty-two miles east of the Connecticut I{iver tliirty miles north of this is Sunapee, and forty-eight\\nfarther, Moosehillock. The ranges tiien trend away north-east, and are massed in the White\\nHills.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0182.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 173\\nthing else had been carried away from the island by the strong drift. In a\\nday or two the cook died. Day by day their sufferings from cold and hun-\\nger increased. The main-land being in full view before them, they built a\\nboat and got it into the water. It was overset, and dashed in pieces against\\nthe rocks. One day they descried three boats in the ofBng, but no signals\\nthey were able to make could attract notice. Then, when reduced to a mis-\\nerable band of emaciated, hopeless wretches, they undertook and with great\\nlabor constructed a raft, upon which two men ventured to attempt to reach\\nthe shore. Two days afterward it was found on the beach, with one of its\\ncrew lying dead at some distance. After this they were obliged to resort to\\ncannibalism in order to sustain life, subsisting on the body of the carpenter,\\nsparingly doled out to them by the captain s hand. To make an end of this\\nchapter of horrors, the survivors were rescued after having been twenty-four\\ndays on the island. The raft was, after all, for them a messenger of preser-\\nvation, for it induced a search for the builders.\\nNo one can read this narrative without feeling his sympathy strongly ex-\\ncited for the brave John Deane, master of the wrecked vessel. He seemed\\npossessed of more tlian human fortitude, and has told with a sailor s simple\\ndirectness of his heroic struggle for life. His account was fii-st published in\\n1711, appended to a sermon by Cotton Mather. Deane afterward command-\\ned a ship of war in the service of the Czar, Peter the Great.\\nFew who have seen the light-house tower on this lonely rock, distant not\\nmore than a dozen miles from the coast, receiving daily and nightly obeisance\\nof hundreds of passing sails, can realize that the story of the Nottingham\\ncould be true. It is a terrible injunction to keep the lamps trimmed and\\nbrightly burning.^\\nProceeding onward in this direction, I came to the fish-houses that remain\\non the isle. Tubs of trawls, a barrel or two offish-oil, a pile of split fish, and\\nthe half of a hogshead, in which a kentle or so of merchantable fish had\\njust been salted down, were here and there; a hand-barrow on which to carry\\nthe fish from the boat, a lobster-pot, and a pair of rusty scales, ought to be\\nadded to the inventory. Sou -westers and suits of oil- skin clothing hung\\nagainst the walls; and in the loft overhead were a spare block or two and a\\nparcel of oars, evidently picked up adrift, there being no two of the same\\nlength. In some of the houses were whale-boats, that had been hauled up to\\nbe calked and painted, that the men were preparing to launch. They were\\nall schooner-rigged, and some were decked over so as to furnish a little cuddy\\nfor bad weather. No more sea-worthy craft can be found, and under guid-\\nance of a practiced hand one will sail, as sea-folk say, like a witch. They\\nJohn Ward Dean, of Boston, the accomplished antiquary, has elicited this and other facts rel-\\native to his namesake.\\nOn Boone Island it is said there is no soil except what has heen carried there.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0183.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "174 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nusually contained a coil of half-inch line for the road, a killick, and a brace\\nof powder-kegs for the trawls.\\nThe process of curing, or, as it is called by the islanders, saving, fish is\\nfamiliar to all who live near the sea-shore, and has not changed in two hun-\\ndred years. It is described as practiced here in 1800, by Dr. Morse\\nThe fish, in the first place, are thrown from the boat in piles on the\\nshore. Tlie cutter then takes them and cuts their throat, and rips open tlieir\\nbellies. In this state he hands them to the header, who takes out the entrails\\n(detaching the livers, which are preserved for the sake of the oil they con-\\ntain), and breaks ofl their heads. The splitter then takes out the backbone,\\nand splits them completely open, and hands them to the Salter, who salts\\nand piles them in bulk, where they lie from ten to twenty hours, as is most\\nconvenient. The shoremen and the women then wash and spread them on\\nthe flakes. Here they remain three or four weeks, according to the weather,\\nduring which time they are often turned, piled in fagots, and then spread\\nagain, until they are completely cured for market.\\nThe dun, or winter fish, formerly cured here, were larger and thicker\\nthan the summer fish. Great pains were taken in drying them, the fish-\\nwomen often covering the fagots with bed- quilts to keep them clean.\\nBeing cui-ed in cold weather, they required but little salt, and were almost\\ntransparent when held up to the light. These fish sometimes Avcighed a hun-\\ndred pounds or more. The dun fish were of great esteem in Spain and in the\\nMediterranean ports, bringing the highest price during Lent. They found\\ntheir way to Madrid, where many a ])latter, smoking hot, has doubtless\\ngraced the table of the Escurial. In 1745 a quintal would sell for a guinea.\\nIn iVVo the revolting colonies, unable to protect the islands, ordered their\\nabandonment. A few of the inhabitants remained, but the larger number\\nremoved to the near main-land, and were scattered among the neighboring\\ntowns. The Shoals became through the war a rendezvous for British ships.\\nThe last ofticial act of the last royal governor of Xew IIam]ishire was per-\\nformed here in 1775, when Sir John AVentworth prorogued the Assembly of\\nhis majesty s lost j)rovince.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0184.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "CLIFFS, WHITE ISLAND.\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nTHE ISLES OP SHOALS coiitinuecl.\\nThere be land-vats and water-rats, water thieves and land thieves; I mean pirates.\\nMerchant of Venice.\\njl/TY next e.\\\\cursion was to Smutty Nose, or Haley s. Seen from Star Isl-\\nand it shows two eminences, with a little hamlet of four houses, all\\nhaving- their gable-ends toward the harbor, on the nearest rising ground.\\nRound the south-west point of Smutty Nose is the little haven already al-\\nluded to in the previous chapter, made by building a causeway of stone over\\nto Malaga, where formerly the sea ran through. This Mr. Samuel Haley did\\nat his own cost, expending part of a handsome fortune on the Avork. Into\\nthis little haven, we are told, many distressed vessels have put in and found", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0185.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "1^6 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsafe anchorage. Tlie chronicles, speaking by the pen of a fair islander, say\\nold Mr. Haley, in building a wall, turned over a large flat stone, beneath\\nwhich lay four bars of solid silver; with which, adds tradition, he began his\\nsea mole. I should have thought, had this precious discovery gained cur-\\nrency, no stone would have been left initurned by the islanders, and that\\nHaley s wall might have risen with magical celerity.\\nIt is certain these islands were in former times the resort of freebooters,\\nwith such names as Dixy Bull, Low, and Argall (a licensed and titled bucca-\\nneer), who left the traces of their own lawlessness in the manner of life of the\\nislanders. It was a convenient place in which to refit or obtain fresh pro-\\nvisions without the asking of troublesome questions.^ The pirates could ex-\\npect little booty from the fishermen, but they often picked them up at sea to\\nreplenish their crews.\\nIn the year 1689 two noted buccaneers, Thomas Hawkins and Thomas\\nPound, cruised on the coast of New England, committing many depredations.\\nThe Bay colony determined on their capture, and dispatched an armed sloop\\ncalled the AVz/ y, Samuel Pease commander, M hich put to sea in October of\\nthat year. Hearing the pirates had been cruising at the mouth of Buzzard s\\nBay, Captain Pease made all sail in that direction. Tlie 3Iary overhauled\\nthe outlaw off Wood s Hole. Pease ran down to her, hailed, and ordered her\\nto heave to. The freebooter ran np a blood-red flag in defiance, when the\\nMary fired a shot athwart her forefoot, and again liailed, with a demand to\\nstrike her colors. Pound, who stood upon his quarter-deck, answered the hail\\nwith, Come on, you dogs, and I will strike you. Waving his sword, his\\nmen poured a volley into the Mary, and the action for some time raged\\nfiercely, no quarter being expected. Captain Pease at length carried his ad-\\nversary by boarding, receiving wounds in the hand-to-hand conflict of which\\nhe died.\\nIn 1723 the sloop I)oIphii7,of Cape Ann, was taken on tlie Banks by Phil-\\nlips, a noted pirate. The able-bodied of the Dolphin were forced to join the\\npirate crew. Among the luckless fishermen was John Fillmore, of Ijiswich.\\nPhillips, to quiet their scruples, ])roinised on /lis ho)ior to set them at liberty\\nat tlie end of three months. Finding no other hope of escape, for of course\\nthe liar and pirate never meant to keep his word, Fillmore, with the help\\nof Edward Cheesman and an Indian, seizing his opportunity, killed three\\nof the chief pirates, including Phillips, on the spot. Tlie rest of the crew.\\nlf)70. The General Court being informed tliat there is a ship liding in the road at the Isle\\nof Shoales suspected to be a jyinit, and hatli piratticaliy seized the sayd sliij) and goods from some\\nof the French nation in amity wiili ihe English, and doeth not come under comand, this Court\\ndocth declare and order that noitlier tlie sayd sliip or goods or any of the comjjany shall come into\\nour jurisdiction, or be brought into any of our jjorts, upon ])enalty of being seized upon and se-\\ncured to answer what siiail be objected against them. Massachusetts Culunial Kecords, vol. iv.,\\npart ii., p. 445).", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0186.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 177\\nmade up in part of pressed men, submitted, and the captured vessel was\\nbrought into Boston by the conquerors on the 3d of May, 1724. John Fill-\\nmore, the qtiasi pirate, was the great-grandfather of Millard Fillmore, thir-\\nteenth President of the United States.\\nIt is affirmed on the authority of Charles Chauncy that Low once cap-\\ntured some fishermen from the Shoals. Disappointed, perhaps, in his ex-\\npectation of booty, he first caused the captives to be barbarously flogged, and\\nafterward required each of them three times to curse Parson Mather or be\\nhanged. The prisoners did not reject the alternative.\\nNo doubt tliese pirates had heard of the sermons Cotton Mather was in\\nthe habit of preaching before the execution of many of their confederates.\\nIn his time it was the custom to march condemned prisoners under a strong\\nguard to some church on the Sabbath preceding the day on which they were\\nto suffer. There, marshaled in the broad aisle, they listened to a discourse on\\nthe enormity of their crimes and the torments that awaited them in the other\\nworld, this being the manner in which the old divines administered the con-\\nsolations of religion to sucli desperate malefactors.\\nNew England could contribute a thick volume to the annals of piracy in\\nthe New World from the records of a hundred years subsequent to her set-\\ntlement. The name of Kidd was long a bugbear with which to terrify way-\\nward children into obedience, and the search for his treasure continues, as we\\nJiave seen, to this day. Bradish, Bellamy, and Quelch sailed these seas like\\ntrue followers of those dreaded rovers who swept the English coasts, and sent\\ntheir defiance to the king himself:\\nGo tell the King of England, go tell him thus from me,\\nThough he reigns king o er all the land, I will reign king at sea.\\nThey have still the ghost of a pirate on Appledore, one of Kidd s men.\\nThere has consequently been much seeking after treasure. The face of the\\nspectre is pale, and very dreadful to behold; and its neck, it is averred,\\nshows the livid mark of the hangman s noose. It answers to the name of\\nOld Bab. Once no islander could be found hardy enough to venture on\\nAppledore after night-fall. I shrewdly suspect Old Bab to be in the pay\\nof the Laightons.\\nIn 1700, Rear-admiral Benbow was lying at Piscataqua, with nine of Kidd s\\npirates on board for transportation to England. Robert Bradenham, Kidd s\\nsurgeon, says the Earl of Bellomont, was the obstinatest and most harden-\\ned of em all. In the year 1726 the pirates William Fly, Samuel Cole, and\\nHenry Greenville were taken and put to death at Boston, after having been\\nwell preached to in Old Brattle Street by Dr. Colman. Fly, the captain, like\\na truculent knave, refused to come into church, and on the way to execu-\\ntion bore himself with great bravado. He jumped briskly into the cart with\\na nosegay in his hand, smiling and bowing to the spectators, as he passed\\n12", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0187.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "178\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nalong, with real or affected unconcern. At the gallows he showed the same\\nobstinacy until his face was covered.\\nThe various legends relative to the corsairs, and the secreting of their ill-\\ngotten gains among these rocks, would of themselves occupy a lengthy chap-\\nter; and the recital of the fearful sights and sounds which have confronted\\nsuch as were hardy enough to seek for treasure would satisfy the most in-\\nveterate marvel-monger in the land.\\nAmong others to whom it is said these islands were known was the cele-\\nbrated Captain Teacli, or Blackbeard,\\nas he was often called. He is sup-\\nposed to have buried immense treas-\\nure here, some of which, like Haley s\\ningots, has been dug up and appro-\\npriated by the islanders. On one of\\nhis cruises, while lying off the Scottish\\ncoast waiting for a rich trader, he was\\nboarded by a stranger, who came off\\nin a small boat from the shore. The\\nnew-comer demanded to be led before\\nthe pirate chief, in whose cabin he re-\\nmained some time shut up. At length\\nTeach appeared on deck with the stran-\\nger, whom he inti oduccd to the crew\\nas a comrade. The vessel they were\\nexpecting soon came in sight, and after\\na bloody conflict became the prize of Blackbeard. It was determined by the\\ncorsair to man and arm the captured vessel. The unknown had fought with\\nundaunted bravery and address during the battle. He was given the com-\\nmand of the prize.\\nThe stranger Scot was not long in gaining the bad eminence of being as\\ngood a pirate as his renowned commander. His crew thought him invinci-\\nble, and followed where he led. At last, after his appetite for wealth had\\nbeen satisfied by the rich booty of the Southern seas, he arrived on the coast\\nof his native land. His boat was manned, and landed him on the beach near\\nan liuinblc dwelling, whence he soon returned, bearing in his arms the lifeless\\nform of a wonuin.\\nThe pirate ship immediately set sail for America, and in due time dropped\\nher anchor in tlie road of the Isles of Shoals. Here the crew passed their\\nBLACKBEARD, THE PIUATE.\\nAfter execution the bodies of tlie pirates were taken to the little island in Boston haibor\\nknown as Nix s Mate, on wliidi tlierc is a nioninneiit. Fly was hung in chains, and the other two\\nburied on tlie beach. The total disappearance of this island before the encroaclinients of the sea\\nis the foundation of a legend. IJiid Island, in the same harbor, on which pirates have been exe-\\ncuted, has also disajjpeared. It formerly contained a considerable area.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0188.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 179\\ntime ill secreting their riclies and in carousal. The commander s portion was\\nburied on an island apart from the rest. He roamed over the isles with his\\nbeautiful companion, forgetful, it would seem, of his fearful trade, until one\\nmorning a sail was seen standing in for the islands. All was now activity\\non board the pirate but before getting under way the outlaw carried the\\nmaiden to the island where he had buried his treasure, and made her take a\\nfearful oath to guard the spot from mortals until his return, were it not til\\ndoomsday. He then put to sea.\\nThe strange sail proved to be a warlike vessel in search of the freebooter.\\nA long and desperate battle ensued, in which the cruiser at last silenced her\\nadversary s guns. The vessels were grappled for a last struggle, when a ter-\\nrific explosion strewed the sea with the fragments of both. Stung to mad-\\nness by defeat, knowing that if taken alive the gibbet awaited him, the rover\\nliad fired the magazine, involving friend and foe in a common fate.\\nA few mangled wretches succeeded in reaching the islands, only to per-\\nish miserably, one by one, from cold and hunger. The pirate s mistress re-\\nmained true to her oath to the last, or until she also succumbed to want and\\nexposure. By report, she has been seen more than once on White Island a\\ntall, shapely figure, wrapped in a long sea-cloak, her head and neck uncovered,\\nexcept by a profusion of golden hair. Her face is described as exquisitely\\nrounded, but pale and still as marble. She takes her stand on the verge of a\\nlow, projecting point, gazing fixedly out upon the ocean in an attitude of in-\\ntense expectation. A former race of fishermen avouched that her ghost was\\ndoomed to haunt those rocks until the last trump shall sound, and that the\\nancient graves to be found on the islands were tenanted by Blackbeard s men.\\nThese islands were also the favorite haunt of smugglers.^ Many a runlet\\nof Canary has been passed here that never paid duty to king or Congress.\\nIt must have been a very paradise of free-traders, who, doubtless, had the sym-\\npathies of the inhabitants in their illicit traffic. What a smuggler s isle!\\nwas my mental ejaculation Avhen I first set foot on Star Island what a re-\\ntreat for some Dirck Ilatteraick or outlawed Jean Lafitte\\nI rowed over to Smutty Nose in a wherry. The name has a rough sig-\\nA somewhat more authentic naval conflict occurred during the war of 1812 with Great\\nBritain, when the American privateer, Governor Plummer, was captured on Jeffrey s Ledge by a\\nBritish cruiser, tlie Sir John Sherbroke. The American had previously made many captures.\\nOff Newfoundland she sustained a hard fight with a vessel of twelve guns, sent out to take her.\\nSlie also beat off six barges sent on the same errand.\\n1G86. Ordered that no shipps do unliver any part of their lading at the Isles of Shoals be-\\nfore they have first entered with the Collector of H. M. Customs, and also with the oflScer receiv-\\ning his maJ9 imposts and revenues arising upon wine, sperm, c., imported eitlier in Boston, Salem,\\nor Piscataqua; and that all shipps and vessells trading to the eastward of Cape Porpus shall enter\\nat some of the aforesaid Ports, or at the town of Falmouth in the Prov. of Maine. Massachusetts\\nCouncil Records, vol. i., p. 43.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0189.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "180 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nnificance. Looking at tlie islands at low tide, they present well-defined belts\\nof color. First is the dark line of submerged rock-weed, which led some acute\\nfisherman to hit off with effect the more popular name of Haley s Island\\nnext comes a strip almost as green as the grass in the rocky pastures above\\nthese again, shaded into browns or dingy yellows, the rocks appear of a\\ntawny hue, and then blanched to a ghastly whiteness, a little relieved by\\ndusky patches of green.\\nI remarked that the schooners of twenty or thirty tons burden lying in\\nthe harbor were all at moorings, ready to run after a school of fish or away\\nfrom a storm. It is only a few years since three of these vessels were blown\\nfrom their moorings and stranded on the rocks of Smutty Nose and Appledore.\\nIn 1685 the ship James, Captain Taylor, of Bristol, England, had a narrow\\nescape from being wrecked here. After losing three anchors, she was with\\ndifficulty guided past the great rocks into the open sea. The curious reader\\nwill find the details quaintly set forth in the journal of Rev. Richard Mather,\\nthe ancestor of a celebrated family of New England divines. She had on\\nboard a hundred passengers for the Massachusetts Colony.\\nWhile lying on our oars in this basin, where so many antique ci aft have\\nbeen berthed, it is perhaps not amiss to allude to Thomas Morton, of Mount\\nWollaston,^ alias Merry Mount. To do so it will not only be necessary to\\nclamber up the crumbling side of the ship in which he was being sent a\\nprisoner to England, but to surmount prejudices equally decrepit, that, like\\nthe spectre of Old Bab, continue to appear long after they liave been de-\\ncently gibbeted. The incident derives a certain interest from the f^ict tliat\\nMorton s was the first instance of banishment in the New England colonies.\\nThe only consequence of Thomas Morton, of Clifford s Inn, gent,, is due to\\nthe effort to cast oblo(piy upon the Pilgrims.\\nIn the year 1628 the ship Whale was riding at the Isles of Shoals, INIorton\\nliaving been seized by oi der of Plymouth Colony, and put on board for trans-\\nportation lo Entrland. What manner of ship the Whale was may be gather-\\ned from Morton s own account of her. The master he calls ]Mi Weather-\\ncock, and the ship a pitiful, weather-beaten craft, in which he was in\\nmore danger than Jonah in the wliale s belly.\\nThe canse of Morton s banishment is often asserted to have been sini] ly\\nhis licentious eonduel, and what some have been pleased to call indulgence\\nin such hearty old l^^nglish pastinu s as dancing aliont a May-J ole, sing-\\ning songs of no doubtlul impoi t, holding high wassail the while, like the mad,\\nrovstering rogues his followers were. The IMlgrim Fathei s are indieted by\\na class of historians (k sii ous of displaying to the world the intolerance of the\\n]*lymouth Separatists, as distinguished from the liberality which marked\\nBoston, 18r 0: original in possession of Dorcliestcr Antiquarian Society.\\nMount Wollaston, Ciiiincy, Miissaduisetts present residence of Joini Quincy Adams, Esq.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0190.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 181\\nthe religious views of the settlers east of the Merrimac. Our forefathers, say\\nthey, did not come to the New World for religious liberty, but to tish aud\\ntrade.\\nMortou s offense is stated by Governor Bradford, in liis letters to the\\nCouncil for New England and to Sir F, Gorges, to have been the selling of\\narms and ammunition to the Indians in such quantities as to endanger the\\nsafety of the infant plantations. He was arrested, and his association of Mer-\\nry Mount broken up, after repeated and friendly efforts to dissuade him from\\nthis course had been met with insolence and bravado. It stands thus in Gov-\\nernor Bradford s letter-book\\n7 o the Honourable his 3lajesty s Council for Neio England, tJiese, Right\\nIlononrable and our very good Lords\\nNecessity hath forced us, his Majesty s subjects of New England in gen-\\neral (after long patience), to take this course with this troublesome planter,\\nMr. Thomas Morton, whon\\\\ we have sent unto your honours that you may be\\npleased to take that course with him which to your honourable wisdom shall\\nseem fit; who hath been often admonished not to trade or truek with the In-\\ndians either pieces, powdei or shot, which yet he hath done, and duly makes\\nprovision to do, and could not be restrained, taking it in high scorn (as he\\nspeaks) that any here should controul thei ein. Now the general weakness of\\nus his Majesty s subjects, the strength of the Indians, and at this time their\\ngreat preparations to do some affront upon us, and the evil example which it\\ngives unto others, and having no subordinate general government under your\\nhonours in this land to restrain such misdemeanours, causeth us to be trouble-\\nsome to your Lordships to send this party unto you for remedy and redress\\nhereof.\\nThe letter to Sir F. Gorges is in greater detail, but its length prevents its\\ninsertion with the foregoing extract. The Governor of New Plymouth makes\\na similar allegation with regard to the fishing ships. It is noticeable that all\\nthe plantations took part in this affair, Piscataqua, the Isles of Shoals, Edward\\nHilton, and others paying their proportion of the expense of sending Morton\\nout of the country.\\nMorton s offense, therefore, was political and not religious, and his extradi-\\ntion a measure of self-preservation, an inexorable law in 1628 to that handful\\nof settlers. If, at the end of nearly two centuries and a half, the Government\\nthose Pilgrims contributed to found deemed it necessary to the public safety\\nto banish individuals from its borders, how, then, may we challenge this act\\nof a few men who dwelt in a wilderness, and worshiped their God with the\\nBible in one hand and a musket in the other?\\nSee Massachisetts Historical Collections, vol. iii., p. 63.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0191.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "182\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nMorton defied the proclamation of the king promulgated in 1622, saying\\nthere was no penalt3^ attached to it. Its terms forbade any to trade to the\\nportion of America called New England, being the whole breadth of the land\\nbetween forty and forty-eight degrees of north latitude, excepting those of\\nthe Virginia Company, the plantation having been much injured by interlo-\\npers, who have injured the woods, damaged the harbors, trafficked with the\\nsavages, and even sold them weapons, and taught them the use thereof\\nOf the May-pole, which the Pilgrims regarded with grim discontent,\\nStubbes gives the manner in England of bringing it home from the woods.\\nBut, he says, their cheefest Jewell they bring home with greate vener-\\nation, as thus: they have twentie or fourtie yoke of oxen, every oxe hav-\\nyng a sweete nosegaie of flowers tyed on the tippe of his homes, and these\\noxen drawe home this Maie-poole, which is covered all over with flowers and\\nhearbes, bounde rounde aboute with stringes from the top to the bottome,\\nand sometyme painted with variable colours, with two or three hundred men,\\nwomen, and children followyng it with great devotion. And thus beying\\nreared np with handkercheifes and flagges streamyng on the toppe, they\\nstrawe the grounde aboute, binde green bouglios about it, sett up Sommer\\nhaules, Bowers, and Arbours hard by. And then fiill they to banquet and\\nfeast, to leape and dance aboute it, as the Heathen peoj^le did at the dedica-\\ntion of their idolles, whereof this is a perfect patterne, or rather the thynge\\nitself.\\nSMUTTY NOSE\\nSmutty Xoso, tlie most verdant of the islands, was one of the earliest set-\\ntled. The stranger for tlie first time feels sometliing like soil beneath liis\\nfeet. There is a wharf and a little landing-place, where a boat may be\\nBritish State Papers, Calendars.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0192.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n183\\nbeached. When within Haley s little cove, I looked down into the water,\\nand saw the percli (cunners) swimming lazily about. This was the only\\nplace where the old-time industry of the isles showed even a flake, so to\\nspeak, of its former greatness. There were a few men engaged in drying\\ntheir fish near the landing. Clear weather with westerly winds is best for\\nthis purpose; dull or foggy weather spoils the fish.\\nHALEY DOCK AND HOMESTEAD.\\n(In the third House from the left the Waguer Murder was committed.)\\nAt a little distance, shorn of some of its former adornments, is the home-\\nstead of Samuel Haley, who with his two sons and their fiimilies occupied the\\nisland, many years ago. Not far oflT is the little family grave-yard of the\\nHaleys, with the palings falling in decay, and the mounds overgrown with a\\ntangle of rank grass. At one time, by his energy, Mr. Haley had made of\\nhis island a self-sustaining possession. Before the Revolution he had built a\\nwindmill, salt-works, and rope-walk; a bakehouse, brewery, distillery, black-\\nsmith s and cooper s shops succeeded in the first year of peace all going to\\ndecay within his lifetime. By all report of him, he was a good and humane\\nman, and I hereby set up his prostrate gi ave-stone on my page:\\nIN xMEMORY OF MR. SAMUEL HALEY\\nWho died in the year 1811\\nAged 84\\nHe was a man of great Ingenuity\\nIndustry Honor and Honesty, true to his\\nCountry A man who did A great\\nPublic good in Building A\\nDock Receiving into his\\nEnclosure many a poor\\nDistressed Seaman Fisherman\\nIn distress of Weather.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0193.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "184 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nA few steps farther on are the gi-aves of fourteen sliipwrecked mariners,\\nmarked by rude boulders. It is entered in tlie Gosport records: 1813, Jan.\\n14^/\u00c2\u00ab, ship Sagunto stranded on Smutty Nose Isle; Jan. 15^A, one man found;\\n16^//, six men found 2\\\\st, seven men found. The record sums up the num-\\nber as twelve bodies found, whereas the total appears to be fourteen.\\nAlthough the ship Sagunto was not stranded on Smutty Nose Isle, the\\nwreck of a ship, either Spanish or Portuguese, with all on board, remains a\\nterrible fact but too well attested by these graves.* The horror of the event\\nis deepened and strengthened by the simple word Unknown. When this\\nship crashed and filled and went down, the Sagunto was lying, after a terrible\\nbuffeting, witliin a safe harbor.\\nIt was in a blinding snow-storm, and a gale that strewed the shore from\\nthe Penobscot to Hatteras with wrecks, that a ship built of cedar and ma-\\nhogany was thrown on these rocks. Not a living soul was left to tell the\\ntale of that bitter January night. The ill-fated vessel was richly laden, no\\ndoubt, for boxes of raisins and almonds from Malaga drifted on shore the next\\nmorning. On a piece of the wreck that came in a silver watch of English\\nmake was found, with the letters P. S. graven on the seals and among the\\ndebris was a Spanish and part of an American ensign, for it was war-time then\\nbetween England and the American States. The watch had stopped at ex-\\nactly four o clock, or when time ceased for those hapless Spaniards. There\\nwere also found some twenty letters, addressed south of New York. Conjec-\\ntui e said it was a Spanish ship from Cadiz, bound for Philadelphia.\\nThis is the story of this little clump of graves, and of the wreck, to this\\nday unknown. It has been told many times in prose and poetry, but not oft-\\nen lv\\\\\\\\\\\\y. Samuel TIaley had been quietly lying in his grave two years. The\\nreader may or may not believe he found tlie frozen bodies of some of the crew\\nnext morning reclining on his wall. Here is a wild flower of island growth,\\nof a handful cast upon these fading mounds:\\nO sailors, did sweet eyes look after you\\nThe day you sailed away from sunny 8|)ain\\nBright eyes that followed fading ship and crew,\\nMelting in tender rain?\\nI wondered that these fourteen the old sea liad strangled and flung up\\nhere could rest so peacefully in gi ound unblessed by Holy Cliui ch. Per-\\nchance! the spot has witnessed midnight mass, with incense and with missal:\\nno doubt beads have been told, and a jxtier and \u00c2\u00abre said by pious pilgrims.\\nSpanish ship Sarjunto, Carrera, seventy-three days from Cadiz for New York, arrived at New-\\nport on Monday, JanuaiT 11th, out of provisions and water, and the crew frost-bitten. Cargo,\\nwine, raisins, and salt. Saw no Enfjlish cruisers, and spoke only one vessel, a Baltimore priva-\\nteer. Columbian Centinel, January Kitli, 1813.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0194.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS. 185\\nIt is not pleasant to think that the island has become more widely known\\nthrough the medium of an atrocious murder committed here in March, 1873.\\nFormerly the islanders dated from some well-remembered wreck now it is\\nbefore or since the murder on Smutty Nose they reckon.\\nOn the morning of March 6th the Norwegian who lives opposite Star Isl-\\nand, on Appledore, heard a cry for help. Going to the shore, he saw a wom-\\nan standing on the rocks of Malaga in her night-dress. He crossed over and\\nbrought the poor creature to his cottage, when it appeared tliat her feet were\\nfrozen. She was half dead with fright and exposure, but told her tale as soon\\nas she was able.\\nJohn Hontvet, a fisherman, occupied one of the three houses on Smutty\\nNose; the third counting from the little cove, as you look at it from Star Isl-\\nand. On the night of the 5th of March he was at Portsmouth, leaving three\\nwomen Mary, his wife; Annethe and Karen Christensen at home. They\\nwent to bed as usual, Annethe with Mrs. Hontvet in the bedroom; Karen on\\na couch in the kitchen. It was a fine moonlight night, though cold, and\\nthere was snow on tlie ground.\\nSome time during the night a man entered the house, it is supposed for\\nthe purpose of robbery. He fastened the door between tlie kitchen, wliich he\\nfirst entered, and the bedroom, thus isolating the sleeping women. Karen,\\nliaving awoke, cried out, when she was attacked by the intruder with a chair.\\nThe noise having aroused the two women in the bedroom, Mary Hontvet\\njumped out of bed, forced open the door leading into the kitchen, and suc-\\nceeded in getting hold of the wounded girl, Karen, whom she drew within\\nher own chamber. All this took place in the dark. Mary then bade Annethe,\\nher brother s wife, to jump out of the window, and slie did so, but was too\\nmuch terrified to go beyond the corner of the house. Mary, meanwhile, was\\nholding the door of the kitchen against the attempts of their assailant to force\\nit open. Foiled here, the viUain left the house, and meeting the young wife,\\nAnnethe, was seen by Mary, in the clear moonlight, to deal her three terrible\\nblows with an axe. But before she was struck down the girl had recognized\\nher murderer, and shrieked out, Louis, Louis\\nAfter this accursed deed the man went back to the house, and Mary also\\nmade her escape by the window. Karen Avas too badly hurt to follow. The\\nclear-grit Norwegian woman ran first to the dock, but finding no boat there,\\nhid herself among the rocks. She durst not shout, for fear the sound of her\\nvoice would bring the murderer to the spot. There she remained, like anoth-\\ner Betty Moody, until sunrise, when she took courage and went across the\\nsea-wall to Malaga and was rescued. I was told tliat Avhen she fled, with\\nrare presence of mind, she took her little dog under her arm, for fear it might\\nprove her destruction.\\nIt resulted that Louis Wagner, a Prussian, was arrested, tried for the mui*-\\nder, and condemned as guilty. The fatal recognition by Annethe, the figure", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0195.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "186\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nseen with uplifted axe through the window by Mary, and the prisoner s ab-\\nsence from his lodgings on the night of the murder, pointed infallibly to him\\nas the chief actor in this night of horrors. To have committed this crime he\\nmust have rowed from Portsmouth to the Islands and back again on the night\\nin question no great feat for one of those hardy islanders, and Wagner was\\nnoted for muscular strength. It is said he was of a churlish disposition, and\\nwould seldom speak unless addressed, when he would answer shortly. He\\nwas not considered a bad fellow, but a poor companion.\\nI went to the house. Relic-hunters had left it in a sorry plight taking\\naway even the sashes of the windows, shelves, and every thing movable. Even\\nthe paper had been torn from tlie walls, and carried off for its blood-stains.\\nHontvet described, with the phlegm of his race, the appearance of the house\\non the morning of the tragedy Karen lay dere Annethe lay here, he said.\\nI saw they were preparing to make it habitable again better burn it, say I.\\nWe had a sun-dog at evening and a rainbow in the morning, fiill-ai-ched,\\nand rising out of the sea, a sure forerunner, say veteran observers, of foul\\nweather. Says the quatrain of the forecastle\\nKainbow in the morning,\\nSailors take warning\\nRainbow at night,\\nIs the sailor s delight.\\nI Spent a quiet, breezy afternoon in exploring Appledore. The landing\\nfrom tlie harbor side has to be made in some cleft of the rock, and is not prac-\\nticable whvu there is a sea rnnning. Passing by the cottage at the shore, I\\nfirst went up the rocky declivity to the site of the abandoned settlement of\\nso long ngo. It may still be recognized by the cellars, rough stone walls, and\\nfragments of bricks lying scattered about. Tliistles, raspberry-buslies, and\\ndwarf cherry-trees in fragrant bloom, were growing in the depressions which", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0196.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n18r\\nmarked these broken hearth-stones of a forgotten people. The poisonous\\nivy, sometimes called mercury, so often found clinging to old walls, was\\nhere. Some country-folk pretend its potency is such that they who look\\non it are inoculated with the poison; a scratch, as I know to my cost, will\\nsuffice.\\nHere was a strip of green grass running along the harbor side, and, for the\\nfirst time, the semblance of a road I followed it until it lost itself among\\nthe rocks. A horse and a yoke of oxen Avere browsing by the way, and on\\na distant shelf of\\nrock I saw a cow, is*\\nmuch exaggera- -.5 ~i\\nted in size, con-\\ntentedly rumina-\\ntive. Clumps of\\nhuckleberry and\\nfragrant bayber-\\nry were frequent,\\nwith blackberry _,\\nand other vines\\nclustering above\\nthe surface rocks. S^\\n1 am inclined\\nto doubt whether,\\nafter all, the hab-\\nitation of Apple-\\ndore was aban-\\ndoned on account\\nof the Indians, for\\nStar Island, as has\\nbeen remarked,\\ncould give no bet-\\nter security. Prob-\\nably the landing\\nhad much to do\\nwith it. With-\\nout some moving\\ncause the inhabit- south-east end of appledore, looking south.\\nants would hardly have left Appledore and its verdure for the bald crags of\\nAppledore, a small sea-port of England, County of Devon, parish of Northampton, on the\\nTorridge, at its mouth in Barnstable Bay, two and a quarter miles north of Bidefoid. It is resort-\\ned to in summer as a bathing-place, and has a harbor subordinate to the port of Barnstable.\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nGazetteer.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0197.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "188 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nStar Island. The choice of Appledore by the first settlers was probably due\\nto its spring of pure water, the only one on the islands.\\nThe year 1628 is the first in which we can locate actual settlers at the\\nShoals. Mr. Jeffrey and Mr. Bursleni, then assessed two pounds for the ex-\\npenses of Morton s affair, are supposed to have been living there. By 1640\\nthe Rev. Mr. Hull, of Agamenticus, paid parochial visits to the Isles, and\\nsome time before 1661, says Dr. Morse, they had a meeting-house on Hog\\nIsland, though the service of the Church of England was the first perform-\\ned there. The three brothers Cutt, of Wales, settled there about 1645, re-\\nmoving soon to the main-land, where they became distinguished. Antipas\\nMaverick is mentioned as resident in 1647. Another settler whom the\\nchronicles do not omit was William Pepperell, of Cornwall, England, father\\nof the man of Louisburg, who was liere about 1676. The removal of the\\nbrotiiers Cutt within two years, and of Pepperell and Gibbons after a brief\\nresidence, does not confii-m the view that the islands at that early day pos-\\nsessed attractions to men of the better class sometimes claimed for them,\\nPepperell and Gibbons left the choice of a future residence to chance, with\\nan indifference worthy a Bedouin of the Great Desert. Holding their staves\\nbetween thumb and finger until perpendicularly poised, they let them fall,\\ndeparting, the tradition avers, in the direction in which each pointed Pep-\\nperell to Kittery, Gibbons to Muscongus.\\nThe first woman mentioned who came to reside at Hog Island was Mis.\\nJohn Reynolds, and she came in defiance of an act of court prohibiting wom-\\nen from living on the islands. One of the Cutts, Richard by name, petition-\\ned for her removal, together with the hogs and swine running at large on the\\nisland belonging to John Reynolds. The court, however, permitted her to\\nremain during good beliavior. This occurred in 1647. It gives a glimpse\\n-)v7\\nDUCK ISLAND, I UOM ArPLEDOKE.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0198.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.. 189\\nof what society must hitherto have been on the islands to call for such enact-\\nments. No wonder men of substance left the worse than barren rocks, and\\nthat right speedily.\\nI walked around the shores of Appledore, stopping to explore the chasms\\nin ray way. One of them I could liken to nothing but a coffin, it seemed so\\nexactly fashioned to receive the hull of some unlucky ship. On some of the\\nrocks I remarked impressions, as if made with the heel of a human foot. In\\nthe offing Duck Island showed its jagged teeth, around which the tide swell-\\ned and broke until it seemed frothing at the mouth.\\nAnother Smith s monument is on the highest part of the island, all the\\nothers being within view from it. It is a rude cairn of rough stone, thrown\\ntogether with little eftbrt at regularity. The surface stones are overgrown\\nwith lichens, which add to its appearance of antiquity. It is known to have\\nstood here rather more than a century, and is said to have been built by Cap-\\ntain John Smith himself Howsoever the tradition may have originated, it is\\nall we have, and are so fain to be content; but I marvel that so modest a man\\nas Captain John should have said nothing about it in the book writ with his\\nown hand. By some the monument has been believed to be a beacon built\\nto mark the fishing-grounds.\\nSmith arrived at Monhegan in April, 1614, and was back again at Plym-\\nouth, England, on the 5th of August. He was one of those who came to\\nfish and trade, seeking out the habitations of the Indians for his purpose.\\nThere were no savages at the Isles. Of his map Smith writes: Although\\nthere be many things to be observed which the haste of other affairs did\\ncause me to omit, for being sent more to get present commodities than\\nknowledge by discoveries for any future good, I had not power to search as\\nI would, etc. I should add, in passing, that Smith, who admits having seen\\nthe relation of Gosnold, does not allow him the credit of the name he gave to\\nMartha s Vineyard, but speaks of it as Capawock.\\nOne of the remarkable features of Appledore is the valley issuing from\\nthe cove, dividing the island in two. This ravine is a real curiosity, the great\\ndepression occurring where the hotel buildings are situated aftbrding a snug\\ncove on the west of the island. Just behind the house enough soil had ac-\\ncumulated to furnish a thriving and well-kept vegetable garden, evidently an\\nobject of solicitude to the proprietors. From the veranda of the hotel yon\\nmay see the ocean on the east and the bay on the west. In Mr. Hawthorne s\\naccount of his visit here in 1852, he relates that in the same storm that\\noverthrew Minot s Light, a great wave passed entirely through this valley\\nand, he continues, Laighton describes it when it came in from the sea\\nas toppling over to the height of the cupola of his hotel. It roared and\\nwhitened through, from sea to sea, twenty feet abreast, rolling along huge\\nLevett says, Upon these islands are no salvages at all.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0199.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "190\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nr jcks in its passage. It passed beneath\\nhis veranda, which stands on posts, and\\nprobably filled the valley completely.\\nWould I had been here to see\\nWhen I came back to the harbor\\nside, both Avind and tide had risen. I\\nwas ferried across by a lad of not more\\nthan ten years. At times the swift\\ncurrent got the better and swept the\\nboat to leeward, but he stoutly refused\\nto give me the oars, the pride of an\\nislander being involved in the matter.\\nThe little fellow flung his woolen cap\\nto the bottom of the dory, his hair fly-\\ning loosely in the Avind as he bent to\\nhis task. After taking in more water\\nthan was for our comfort, he was at\\nlast obliged to accept my aid. These\\nislanders are amphibious, brought up\\nwith one foot on sea, one foot on\\nshore. I doubt if half their lives are\\npassed on terra firma.\\nDuck Island is for the sportsman.\\nHe will find there in proper season the\\ncanvas-back, mallard, teal, white-wing-\\ned coot, sheldrake, etc. Few land, ex-\\ncept gunners in pursuit of sea-fowl. I\\ncontented myself with sailing along its\\nshores, watching the play of the surf and the gambols of a colony of small\\n8ea-gulls that seemed in peaceable possession. Duck Island proper has a\\ncluster of wicked-looking ledges encircling it from south-west to south-east.\\nThe mariner should give it a wide berth. Its ill-shapen rocks project on all\\nsides, and a reef makes out half a mile into the sea from the north-west.\\nShag and Mingo are two of its satellites. This island was resorted to by the\\nIndians for the seals frequenting it.\\nI had observed lying above the landing on Star Island a queer-looking\\ncraft, which might with great propriety be called a shell. It consisted of a\\nframe of slats neatly fitted together, over wliich a covering of tarred canvas\\nhad been stretched. I at first thouglit some Kanaka s canoe liad found its\\nway through the North-west Passage, and drifted in here; but JNIr. Poor as-\\nsured me it belonged on the islands, and was owned and sailed by Tom Leha,\\nwhose dwelling on Londoner s lie pointed out. As Tom Leha was tlie Celtic\\nskipper of the Creed, I had some speech of him. His boat, he said, was\\nlaiguton s gkave.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0200.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n191\\nsuch as is used in the Shannon, where it is called the saint s canoe, be-\\ncause first used by one of the Irish saints. It was a good surf-boat, light as\\na cork, and as buoyant.\\nOne night Leha, with his wife and three children, arrived at the Shoals in\\nhis canoe, which a strong man might easily carry. No one knew whence\\nthey came. Their speech was unintelligible. There they were, and there\\nthey seemed inclined to remain. Your bona fide Shoaler likes not intruders.\\nThe islanders gave Leha and his a cold welcome, but this did not discompose\\nhim. He was faithful and industrious, and in time saved money enough to\\nbuy Londoner s. He waved his hand toward his island home, as if to say,\\nAn ill-favored thing, sir, but mine own.\\nAs seen from Star Island, Londoner s shows two rugged knobs connected\\nby a narrower strip of shingle. It has its cove, and a reasonably good land-\\nLONDONER S, FROM STAR ISLAND\\ning. Half-way between it and Star are hidden rocks over which the sea\\nbreaks. It was not occupied by its owner when I was there.\\nIt was a lovely morning when I rowed over to White Island. Once clear\\nof the harbor, I found outside what sailors call an old sea, the relics of\\nthe late north-easter. But these wherries will live in any sea that runs on\\nthe New England coast. I have heard of the Bank fishermen being out in\\nthem for days together when their vessel could not lie at anchor in the tre-\\nmendous swell.\\nWhite Island is now the most picturesque of the group, a distinction once\\nconceded to Star. It owes this preference to its light-house, standing on a\\ncliif at the east head of the isle, that rises full fifty feet out of water at least\\nit seemed so high to me as I lay underneath it in my little boat at low tide.\\nAgainst this cliff the waves continually swelled, rushing into crannies, where", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0201.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "192 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nI could hear them gurgling and soughing as if some monster were choking to\\ndeath in their depths.\\nThis is not so forbidding as Boon Island, but it is enough. The light-\\nhouse was of brick, as I could see where the weather had worn off last year s\\ncoat of whitewash. It was not yet time for the tender to come and brighten\\nit up again. Tlie long gallery conducting from the keeper s cottage up to\\nthe tower was once torn away from its fastenings, and hurled into the deep\\ngorge of the rocks which it spans. I saw nothing to hinder if the Atlantic\\nhad a mind again to play at bowls with it.\\nThe island owes its name to the blanched appearance of its crags, little\\ndifferent in this respect from its fellows. At high tides the westward end is\\nisolated from the rest, making two islands of it in appearance, but inseparable\\nas the Siamese twins. The light-house is much visited in summer, especially\\nby those of a romantic turn, and by those to whom its winding stairs, huge\\ntanks of oil, and powerful Fresnel, possess the charm of novelty. By its side\\nis the section of an earlier building, a reminiscence of the former state of the\\nIsles. For many years the keeper of the light was Thomas B. Laighton, af-\\nterward {proprietor of Appledore. On account of some political disappoint-\\nment, he removed from Portsmouth to the Isles, making, it is said, a vow\\nnever again to set foot on the main-land. Fortune followed the would-be\\nrecluse against his will. As keeper of a boarding-house on Appledore, he is\\nreported to have expressed little pleasure at the coming of visitors, even while\\nreceiving them with due hospitality. He was glad of congenial spirits, but\\nloved not overmuch the stranger within his gates. Ilis sons succeeded to\\ntheir father at the Appledore. His daughter has told with charming naivete\\nthe story of the light-house, whose lamps she often trimmed and lighted with\\nher own hands.\\nI lit the lamps in the light-house tower,\\nFor tlie sun dropped down and the day was dead;\\nTliey shone like a glorious clustered flower,\\nTwo golden and five red.\\nIn 1V93 there were only eight light-houses within the jurisdiction of Mas-\\nsachusetts. Of these one was at the entrance of Nantucket, and another\\nof Boston harbor. There were twin lights on the north ])oint of Plymouth\\nharbor, on Thatcher s Island, off Cape Ann, and at the northerly end of Plum\\nIsland, at the mouth of the Merriniac. Tlie latter were not erected until 1787.\\nThey were of wood, so contrived as to be removed at pleasure, in order to\\nconform to the shifting \u00c2\u00bbf llie sand-bar on which the} stood. The lights on\\nBaker s Island, at the entrance of the port of Salem, were not built until 1798.\\nBut neither compass, sextant, fixed and revolving lights, storm signals,\\ncareful soundings, buoys, nor beacons, with all the inipi-ovements in modern\\nMrs. Celia LniglUon Thaxter.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0202.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n193\\nCOVERED WAT AND LIGHT-HODSE, WHITE ISLAND.\\nsliip-building;, have yet reduced traveling over the sea to the same certainty\\nas traveling over the land. We commit ourselves to the mercy of Father\\nNeptune just as fearfully as ever, and annually pay a costly tribute of lives for\\nthe privilege of tra^ ersing his dominions.\\nDuring the winter of 18 so runs the story, the keeper of this light was\\na young islander, with a single assistant. For nearly a week north-easterly\\nwinds had prevailed, bringing in from the sea a cold, impenetrable haze, that\\nenveloped the islands, and rendered it impossible to discern objects within a\\ncable s length of the light-house. At the turn of the tide on the sixth day,\\nthe expected storm burst upon them with inconceivable fury. The sea grew\\nblacker beneath the dead white of the falling snow. The waves, urged on\\nby the gale, made a fair breach over the light-house rock, di-iving the keeper\\nfrom his little dwelling to the tower for shelter.\\nThe violence of the gale increased until midnight, when it began to lull.\\n13", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0203.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "194\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe spirits of tlie oppressed watchers rose as the storm abated. One made\\nready a smoking platter of fish and potatoes, while the other prepared to\\nsnatch a few moments sleep. While thus occupied, a loud knock was heard\\nat the door. It was repeated. The two men stood rooted to the spot. They\\nknew no living thing except themselves was on the island they knew noth-\\ning of mortal shape might approach it in such a fearful tempest. At a third\\nknock the assistant, who was preparing their frugal meal, fell upon his knees,\\nmaking the sign of the cross, and calling upon all the saints in the calendar\\nfor protection, like the good Catholic he was.\\nThe keeper, who had time to recollect himself, advanced to the door and\\nthrew it open. On the outside stood a gigantic negro, of muscular frame,\\nclothed in a few rags, the blood streaming from twenty gashes in his body\\nand limbs. A brig had been cast away on the rocks a few rods distant from\\nthe light, and the intrepid black had ventured to attempt to gain the light-\\nhouse.\\nThe keeper ran to the spot. Peering into the darkness, he could discover\\nthe position of the vessel only by the flapping of her torn sails in the wind.\\nThe roar of the sea drowned every other sound. If the shipwrecked crew\\nhad cried for help, they could not have been heard. Availing liimself of his\\nknowledge of every inch of the shore, the keeper succeeded in gaining a pro-\\njecting ledge, from which he attracted the attention of those on board the\\nbrig, and after many fruitless efforts a line was got to land. The wreck, as\\nthe keeper could now see, was driven in a little under the shelter of a project-\\ning point. Moments were precious. He sought in vain for some projection\\non which he might fasten his rope. He did not hesitate, but wound it about\\nhis body, and fixed himself as fiimly as he could in a crevice of the rock.\\nHere, with his feet planted on the slippery ledge, where every sea that came\\nin drenched him to the skin, the brave fellow stood fast until every man of\\nthe crew had been saved.\\nwniii; i.-i.\\\\M) M(;iiT.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0204.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "THE ISLES OF SHOALS.\\n195\\nThere is nothing that moves the imagination like a light-house. John\\nQuincy Adams said when he saw one in the evening he was rerainded of the\\nlight Columbus saw the night he discovered the New World. I have been\\nmoved to call them telegraph posts, standing along the coast, each flashino-\\nIts spark from cape to headland, the almost commingling rays being golden\\nthreads of happy intelligence to all mariners. What 1 glorious vision it\\nwould be to see the kindling of each tower from Florida to Prima Vista, as\\nthe broad streets of the city are lighted, lamp by lamp\\nHere ended my wanderings among these islands, seated like immortals in\\nthe midst of eternity. The strong south-westerly current bore me swiftly\\nfrom the light-house rock. We hoisted sail, and laid the prow of our little\\nbark for the river s mouth but I leaned over the taftVail and looked back at\\nthe beacon-tower til it faded and was lost.\\nEven at this distance I can see the tides,\\nUpheaving, break unheard along its base;\\nA speechless wrath that rises and subsides\\nIn the white lip and tremor of the fece.\\nSail on! it sajs, Sail on, ye stately ships!\\nAnd with your floating bridge the ocean span;\\nBe mine to guard this light from all eclipse,\\nBe yours to bring man neai-er unto man.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0205.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "WENTVVORTU HOUSE, LITTLE HARBOK.\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nNEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBOR HOOI).\\nYes from the sepulchre we ll gather flowers.\\nThen feast like spirits in their promised bowers,\\nThen plunge and revel in the rolling smf,\\nThen lay our limbs along the tender turf. ByRON,\\nANOTHER (li liu-litfiilly ruinons old cornov is Newcastle, which occii])ics\\ntlie island oi)posite Kitteiy Point, usually called Great Island. Be-\\ntween Newcastle and Kittery is the main ship-channel, with deep water and\\nplenty of sea-room. On the soutli of Great Island is another entrance called\\nLittle Harhor, with shallow water and sandy bottom; its communication with\\nthe main river is now valueless, and little used except by fishing-craft of small\\ntonnage.\\nIn o-oinir from Portsmouth there are three bridges to be crossed to reach\\nthe town of Newcastle, situated on tlie northern shore of tlie island; or, if\\nyour aim be the southern shore, it is equally a pleasant drive or walk to the\\nancient seat of the Wentworths, at Little Harbor, from which you may, if a\\nferry-man be not at hand, hail the first passing boat to take you to the isl-\\nand. I went tliere by the former route, so as to pass an hour among the\\ntombstones in the old Point of Graves burial-ground, and returned by the\\nlatter in order to visit the Wentworth mansion.\\nThe three bridges before mentioned connect as many islands with Ports-\\nmouth. Tliey were built, it is said, at the suggestion of President ^Monroe,\\nwhen he found Great Island somewhat difficult of access.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0206.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD.\\n197\\nThere appeared some symptoms of activity in the island fishery. As I\\npassed down, I noticed two Bankers lying in the diminutive harbor, and an\\nacre or so of ground\\nspread with flakes,\\non which codfish\\nwere being cured.\\nThe little cove\\nwliich makes the\\nharbor of Newcastle\\nlias several wharves,\\nsome of them in\\nruins, and all left\\nhigh and dry at\\nlow tide. The rot-\\nting timbers, stick-\\ning in crevices of\\nthe rocks, hung with\\nsea-weed and stud-\\nded with barnacles,\\ntold very plainly\\nthat the trade of the\\nisland was number-\\ned among the things\\nof the past. ^^isr of gkaves.\\nBetween the upper end of Great Island and the town of Portsmouth is a\\nbroad, deep, still basin, called in former times, and yet, as I suspect, by some\\nof the oldsters, the Pool. This was the anchorage of the mast ships, which\\nmade annual voyages between England and the Piscataqua, convoyed in war-\\ntime by a vessel of force. The arrival, lading, and departure of the mast\\nships were the three events of the year in this old sea-place. Sometimes as\\nmany as seven were loading here at once, even as early as 1665. In the Pool,\\nthe Astrea, a twenty-gun ship, was destroyed by fire one cold morning in\\nJanuary, 1V44,\\nThe Earl of Bellomont, an Irish peer, writes to the Lords of Trade, in\\n1699, of the Piscataqua: It is a most noble harbour, says his lordship;\\nthe biggest ships the king hath can lie against the bank at Portsmouth,\\nHe then advises the building of war vessels there for the king s service and\\nmentions that Charles II. had complimented the French king with the\\ndraughts of the best ships in the British navy, and had thereby given vent\\nto that precious secret.\\nIn the day when all of old Portsmouth was crowded between Avhat is\\nnow Pleasant Street and the river, it is easy to imagine the water-side streets\\nand alleys frequented by sailors in pigtails and petticoats; the mighty ca-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0207.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "198\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nrousals and roaring choruses the dingy, well-smoked dram-shops the stews\\nand slums of back streets, and the jolly larks and aftVays with the night-watch.\\nRear-admiral the brave Benbow, sirs, has landed at these old quays from his\\nbarge, followed as closely as a rolling gait would permit by some old sea-dog\\nof a valet, with cutlass stuck in a broad, leathern belt, exactly at the middle\\nof his back. The admiral was doubtless on his way to some convivial ren-\\ncounter, where the punch was strong, and where the night not infrequently\\nterminated little to the advantage of the quarter-deck over the forecastle.\\nThe ships of that day were wonderfully made. Their bows crouched low\\nin the water, their curiously carved and ornamented sterns rose high above\\nit. The bowsprit was crossed by a heavy spar, on which a square-sail was\\nhoisted. Chain cables had not been invented, and hempen ones, as thick as\\nthe mainmast, held the ship at her anchors. Colored battle lanterns were\\nfixed above the taffrail watches and broadsides were regulated by the hour-\\nglass. The sterns and bulging quarter-galleries of Spanish, French, and Por-\\ntuguese war ships were so incrusted with gilding it seemed a pity to batter\\nthem with shot. Think of Nelson knocking the Holy Trinity into a cocked\\nhat, or the Twelve Apostles into the middle of next week\\nThere are many old houses on Great Island. The quaintness of one that\\nstands Avithin twen-\\nty yards of the river\\nis always remarked\\nin sailing by. I could\\nnot learn its age, but\\nhazard the conjec-\\nture it was there be-\\nfore James II. abdi-\\ncated.\\nThe visitor, as in\\nduty bound, should\\ngo to the chamber\\nof the selectmen,\\nwliere the town char-\\nter given by William\\nand Mary, in 1G93,\\nis displayed on the\\nwall, engrossed in al-\\nOLD HOUSE, OKEAT ISLAND. Unintelligible\\nblack-letter. The records of Newcastle have had a curious history. After\\na disappearance of r.early lilly years, they were recovered within a year or\\nThe Act of Corporation, thniiRh well preserved, appeared little valued it hung by a corner\\nand in a light that was every day diniiiiiiig the ink with wliic-h it iiad been engrossed.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0208.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD. 199\\ntwo in England. The first volume is bound in vellum, and, though somewhat\\ndog-eared, is perfect. The entries are in a fair round-hand, beginning in 1693,\\nwhen Lieutenant-governor Usher signed the grant for the township of New-\\ncastle.\\nAmong the earliest records, I noticed one of five shillings paid for a pair of\\nstocks and of a gallery put up, in 1694, in the meeting-house, for the women\\nto sit in. Any townsman entertaining a stranger above fourteen days, with-\\nout acquainting the selectmen, was to be fined. What would now be thought\\nof domiciliary visits like the following? One householder or more to walk\\nevery day in sermon-time with the constable to every publick-house in y^\\ntown, to suppress ill orders, and, if they think convenient, to private houses\\nalso.\\nI found the town quiet enough, but the youngsters noisy and ill-bred.\\nThere seemed also to be an unusual number of loiterers about the village\\nstores; I sometimes passed a row of them, squatted, like greyhounds, on their\\nheels, in the sun. Those I noticed whittled, tossed coppers, or laughed and\\ntalked loudly. Many of the men were employed at Kittery Navy Yard.\\nFrom observation and inquiry I am well assured our Government dock-\\nyards are, as a rule, of little benefit to the neighboring population. The Gov-\\nernment pays a higher price for less labor than private persons find it for\\ntheir interest to do. The work is intermittent; and it happens quite too\\nfrequently that the dock-yard employe is always expecting to be taken on,\\nand will not go to woi-k outside of the\\nyard he is especially unwilling at j\\nwages less than the Government ordi- g\\nnarily pays, upon which labor in the\\nvicinity of the yard is usually gauged.\\nA charming ramble of an afternoon\\nis to Fort Constitution, built on a pro-\\ntruding point of rocks washed by the\\ntide. When I saw it the old fortress\\nwas casting its shell, lobster- like, for\\na stronger. The odd old foot-paths\\namong the ledges zigzag now to the\\n1 n. ^1 T OLD TOWER, NEWCASTLE.\\nright or left, as they are thrust aside\\nby intruding ledges. Much history is contained within the four walls of the\\nwork. Adjoining is a light-house, originally erected in 1771.\\nThe reader will do well to consult Belknap s admirable History of New Hampshire, vol. ii.\\nAdams s Annals, or Brewster s Rambles about Portsmouth. Some sort of defense was be-\\ngun here very early. In 1665 the commissioners of Charles II. attempted to fortify, but were met\\nby a prohibition from Massachusetts. In 1700 there existed on Great Island a fort mounting\\nthirty guns, pronounced by Earl Bellomont incapable of defending the river. Colonel Romer made\\nthe plan of a new work, and recommended a strong tower on the point of Fryer s (Gerrish s) Island,", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0209.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "200\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWhile engaged in sketching the gate -way and portcullis of old Fort\\nConstitution, I was accosted by a person, witli a strong German accent, who\\nrepeated, word for word, as I should judge, a mandate of the War Office\\nagainst the taking of any of its old ruins by wandering artists. He then\\nwalked away, leaving me to finish my sketch without further interrujjtion.\\nOn a rocky eminence overlooking the fortress is a martello tower, built\\ndurino- the war of 1812, to aruarantee\\nthe main work against a landing on\\nthe beach at the south side. It has\\nthree embrasures, and was begun on\\na Sunday, while two English frigates\\nwere lying off the Isles of Shoals.\\nSally-port and casemates are choked\\nwith debris, the parapet grass-grown,\\nand the whole in picturesque ruin.\\nMany of these towers were erected\\non the south coast of England during\\nthe Napoleonic Avars to repel the ex-\\nGATEWAY, OLD FORT CONSTITUTION. j^^^^g^^ iuvasioU.\\nAnother pleasant walk is to Little Harbor, taking by the way a look at\\nthe old house near Jaffrey s Point, that is verging on two hundred years, yet\\nseems staunch and strong. The owner believes it to be the same in which\\nGovernor Cranfield held colonial courts. This was one of the attractive\\nsites of the island, until Government began the construction of formidable\\nearth-works at a short distance from the farmstead. The Isles of Shoals are\\nplainly distinguished, and with a field-glass the little church on Star Island\\nmay be made out in clear weather. I enjoyed a walk on tlie rampart at\\nevening, when the lights on Whale s Back, Boon Island, White Island, and\\nSquam were seen flashing their take-heed through the darkness.\\nLittle Harbor, where there is a summer hotel, was the site of the first set-\\ntlement on the island. At Odiorne s Point, on the opposite shore, was com-\\nmenced, in 1623, the settlement of New Hampshire. It is iu)w proposed to\\nooimnemorate the event itself, and the spot on which the first house was\\nbuilt, by a monument.\\nwith batteries on Wood and Clark s islands. In December, 1774, Joim Lanpdon and John Sid-\\nlivan committed open rebellion by leading a party to seize the powder iiere. The fort was then\\ncalled William and Mary. Old Fort Constitution lias the date of 1K()8 on the key-stone of the\\narch of the gate-way. Its walls were carried to a certain height with rongh stone topped with\\nbrick. It was a parallelogram, ami mounted barbette gnns only. The present work is of gnin-\\nite, inclosing the old walls. J lie new earth-works on Jaft rey s Point and Gerrish s Island render\\nit of little importaixe.\\nGovernor of New IIamj)shire from 1(!82 to IC.S. i. The house is the residence of Mr. Albef.\\nOdiorne s Point is in Rye, New Hampshire. The settlement began under the auspices of a", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0210.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD.\\n201\\nCaptain John Mason is known as the founder of New Hampshire. His\\nbiography is interwoven with tlie times of the giant Richelieu and the pigmy-\\nBuckingham. He was treasurer and pay-master of the king s armies during\\nthe war with Spain. He was governor of Portsmouth Castle when Felton\\nstruck his knife into the duke s left side it is said, in Mason s own house.\\nThe name of Portsmouth in New Hampshire was given by him to this out-\\ngrowth of Portsmouth in old Hampshire. At a time when all England was\\nfermenting, it seems passing strange Gorges and Mason should have persisted\\nin their scheme to gain a lodgment in New England.\\nIn Sir Walter Scott s Ivanhoe the following passage occurs: The an-\\ncient forest of Sherwood lay between Sheffield and Doncaster. The remains\\nof this extensive wood are still to be seen at the noble seat of Wentworth.\\nHere hunt- __._ _ ^__.^ _^^^^^_ __^_^ __ _____^\\ned of yoi e the fab-\\nulous Dragon of\\nWantley,and hei e\\nAvere fought many\\nof the most des-\\nperate battles dur-\\ning the Civil Wars\\nof the Roses; and\\nlicre also flour-\\nished in ancient\\ntimes those bands\\nof gallant outlaws\\nwhose deeds have\\nbeen rendered so\\npopular in English\\nstory.\\nReginald Went-\\nworth, lord of the\\nmanor of Went-\\nworth, in Berks,\\nA.D. 1066, is con-\\nsidered the com-\\nmon ancestor of the Wentworths of England and America. The unfortunate\\nEarl of Strafford was a Wentworth. On the dissolution of the monasteries.\\nlUlllIi\\n-IJt lllciMA-\\nWKNTWOKTU, WEN r\\\\\\\\(i|;i II\\ncompany, in which Gorges and Mason were leading spirits. Tlieir grant covered the territory be-\\ntween the Meniniac and Sagadahoc rivers. Under its authority, David Thompson and others set-\\ntled at Little Harbor, and built what was subsequently known as Mason s Hall. Disliking his situ-\\nation, Thompson removed the next spring to the island now bearing his name in Boston Bay.\\nFrom this nucleus sprung the settlements at Great Island and Portsmouth. The settlement at\\nHilton s Point was nearly coincident.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0211.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "202\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nNewstead Abbey was conferred on Sir John Byron by Henry VIII. Its site\\nwas in the midst of the fertile and interesting region once known as Sherwood\\nForest. Here was passed the early youth of the brilliant and gifted George,\\nLord Byron, and in the little church of Newstead his remains w ere laid. The\\nname and title of Baroness Weutworth -were in 1856 assumed by Lady Byron,\\nwhose grandfather was Sir Edward Noel, Lord Wentworth.\\nAnother of the distinguished of this illustrious family w^as the Marquis of\\nRockingham, who voted for the re-\\npeal of the Stamp Act, and acted\\nwith Chatham against Lord North.\\nIt was at him, while minister, the\\npasquinade was leveled,\\nYou had better declare, which you may\\nwithout sliocking em,\\nThe nation s asleep and the minister Rock-\\ning em.\\nThe seat of the Wentworths at\\nLittle Harbor is at the mouth of\\nSagamore Creek, not more than two\\nmiles from town. Among a group\\nof aged houses in the older quar-\\nter of Portsmouth, that of Samuel\\nWentworth is still pointed out.^\\nHis monument may also be seen in\\nthe ancient burial-place of Point of Graves. The family seem to have been\\nstatesmen by inheritance. There were three chief-magistrates of New Hamp-\\nshire of the name, viz. John, the son of Samuel; Benning, the son of John;\\nand John, the ne))hew of Benning.\\nThe exterior of the mansion does not of itself keep touch and time with\\nthe preconceived idea of colonial magnificence. Its architectural deformity\\nwould liavc put Kuskin beside himself. A rambling collection of buildings,\\nseemingly the outgrowth of different periods and conditions, are incorpora-\\nted into an inharmonious whole. The ivsult is an oddity in wood. Doubt-\\nless the builder was content with it. If so, I have little disposition to be\\ncritical.\\nMARQUIS OF KOCKINGHAM.\\nPence with the thirteen colonies was jiroposed under the administration of Rockingham,\\nabout the last oflicial act of his life. His name is often met with iti J ortsmoutii.\\nThe house stands at tiie nortli end of Manning, formerly Wentworth Street, and is thought\\nfrom its size to have been a jiul. lic-housc. Tiie same house was also occupied by Lieutenant-\\nGovernor John, son of Samuel Wentworth. Samuel was the son of William, the first settler of\\nthe name. He had been an innkeeper, and had swung his sign of the Dolphin on Great Island.\\nHon. John Wentworth, of Chicago, is the biographer of his family.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0212.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD.\\n203\\nBeyond this, the visitor may not refuse his unqualified approval of the\\nsite, which is charming, of the surroundings the mansion was embowered in\\nblooming lilacs when\\nI saw it and of the\\ngeneral air of snug-\\nness and of comfort,\\nrather than elegance,\\nwhich seems the\\nproper atmosphere\\nof the Went worth\\nHouse.\\nBuilt in 1*750, it\\ncommands a view up\\nand down Little Har-\\nbor, though conceal-\\ned by an eminence\\nfrom the road. I\\nhad a brief glimpse\\nof it while going on\\nGreat Island via the\\nbridges. It is said it\\noriginally contained\\nas many as fifty-two\\nrooms, though by the\\nremoval of a good-\\nsized tenement to the\\nopposite island the\\nnumber has been di-\\nminished to forty-\\nfive. There is, there-\\nfore, plenty of elbow-\\nroom. The cellar was\\nsometimes used as a\\nstable: it was large\\nenough to have ac-\\ncommodated a troop,\\nor,atapinch,a squad-\\nron. j i\\nPrepared for an i I\\ninterior as little it- wentworth house, little hakbor.\\ntractive as the outside, the conjecture of the visitor is again at fault, for this\\nqueer old bundle of joiners patchwork contains apartments which indicate\\nthat the old beau, Benning Wentworth, cared less for the rind than the fruit.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0213.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "204\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWithin unwonted splendors met the eye,\\nPanels and floors of oak and tapestry\\nCarved chimney-pieces where on brazen dogs\\nReveled and roared the Christmas fires of logs\\nDoors opening into darkness unawares,\\nMysterious passages and flights of stairs;\\nAnd on the walls in heavy gilded frames,\\nThe ancestral Wentworths with old Scripture names.\\nThe council chamber contains a gem of a mantel, enriched with elaborate\\ncarving of busts of Indian princesses, chaplets, and garlands a year s labor,\\nit is said, of the workman. The wainscot is waist-high, and heavy beams\\ndivide the ceiling. As we entered we noticed the rack in which the muskets\\nof tlie Governor s guard were deposited.\\nBut what catches the eye of the visitor soonest and retains it longest,\\nis the portraits on the walls. First is a canvas representing the Earl of\\nStrafford dictating to\\nhis secretar}--, in the\\nTower, on the day be-\\nfore his execution. At\\nhis trial, says an eye-\\n\\\\vitness, he was always\\nill the same suit of black,\\nas in doole (mourn-\\ning). When tlie lieu-\\ntenant of the Tower of-\\nfered him a coach, lest\\nhe should be torn in\\npieces by the mob\\nin going to execution,\\nhe replied, I die to\\nplease the peo))k and I\\nwill die in tlieir own\\nway.\\nHere is a jiortrait\\nfrom the brusli of Coj)-\\nley, wlio reveled in rich\\ndraperies and in the\\naccossoi-ies of his por-\\ntraits (juile as much as in ))ainting rounded arms, beautiful hands, and shapely\\nfigures. This one in pink satin, with over-dress of white lace, short sleeves\\nl.A m H \\\\,Ni\\n1 MICTUAIT (BY COlM.r^\\nIIOUSE.\\nW I.N I \\\\s 1 i|; 111\\nIlis second wife was Henrietta du Roy, dauglitcr of Frederick Charles du Roy, generalissimo\\nto the King of Denmark.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0214.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD. 205\\nwith deep ruffles, and coquettish lace cap, is Dorothy Quincy, the greatest\\nbelle and breaker of hearts of her day. It was not, it is said, her fault that\\nshe became Mrs. Governor Hancock, instead of Mrs. Aaron Burr. When in\\nlater years, as Madam Scott, she retained all the vivacity of eighteen, she was\\nfond of relating how the hand now seen touching rather than supporting her\\ncheek, had been kissed by marquises, dukes, and counts, who had experienced\\nthe hospitality of the Hancock mansion and how D Estaing, put to bed after\\ntoo much wine, had torn her best damask coverlet with the spurs he had for-\\ngotten to remove.\\nOther portraits are Of Queen Christina of Sweden, who looks down with\\nthe same pitiless eyes that exulted in the murder of her equerry, Monaldeschi\\none said to be Secretary Waldron, a right noble countenance and martial\\nfigure; and of Mr. and Mi-s. Jacob Sheaife.\\nI could be loquacious on the subject of these portraits, the fading impres-\\nsions of histories varied or startling, of experiences more curious than profita-\\nble to narrate. In their presence we take a step backward into the past, that\\npast whose lessons we will not heed. Hawthorne, standing before a wall cov-\\nered with such old counterfeits, was moved to say Nothing gives a strong-\\ner idea of old worm-eaten aristocracy, of a family being crazy with age, and\\nof its being time that it was extinct, than these black, dusty, faded, antique-\\ndressed portraits.\\nThe old furniture standing about was richly carved, and covered with\\nfaded green damask. In the billiard-room was an ancient spinet, quite as\\nmuch out of tune as out of date. Doubtless, the flashing of white hands\\nacross those same yellow keys has often struck an answering chord in the\\nbreasts of colonial youth. Here are more portraits; and a buffet, a side-\\nboard, and a sedan-cliair. Punch has flowed, and laughter echoed here.\\nThe reader knows the pretty story, so gracefully told by Mr. Longfellow,\\nof Martha Hilton, who became the second wife of Governor Benning,* and\\nthus Lady Wentworth of the Hall.\\nWe can see her as she goes along the street, swinging the pail, a trifle\\nheavy for her, and splashing with the water her naked feet. We hear her\\nringing laughter, and the saucy answer to Mistress Stavers in her furbelows,\\nas that buxom landlady flings at her, in passing, the sharp reproof:\\nO Martha Hilton! Fie! how dare you go\\nAbout the town half-dressed and looking so?\\nThe poet s tale is at once a history and a picture, full of pretty conceits\\nand picturesque situations. Fancy the battered effigy of the Earl of Halifax\\non the innkeeper s sign falling at the feet of Mrs. Stavers to declare his pas-\\nsion.\\nBennington, Vermont, is named from Governor Wentworth.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0215.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "206\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nBut Benning Went-\\nworth, governor thougli\\nhe was, was none too\\ngood for Martha Hil-\\nton.* It was the pride\\nof the Ililtons made\\nher say, I yet shall\\nride in my own chari-\\not. The widowed gov-\\nernor was gouty, pas-\\nsionate, and had im-\\nbibed with his long\\nresidence in Spain the\\nhauteur of the Span-\\niard. He left office in\\n1776 in disgrace.\\nThe last of the co-\\nlonial AYentworths was\\nSir John, in whose fa-\\nvor his uncle had been\\nallowed to screen him-\\nself by a resignation.\\nTliere are some odd co-\\nincidences in the fami-\\nly records of both un-\\ncle and nephew. The\\nformer s widow made\\na second marriage to a governor benning wentworth.\\nWentworth the latter married his widowed cousin, Frances Wentworth.\\nThe mansion of Sir Jolm maybe seen in Pleasant Street, Portsmouth.\\nHe was tlie last royal govei uor of New Hamj)shire. John Adams mentions\\nHer grandfather, Hon. Kicliard Hilton, of Newmarket, was grandson of Edward, the original\\nsettler of Dover, New Hampshire, ami had been a justice of the Snperior Court of the Province.\\nJohn Wkntwoktu.\\nFrances Deering Wentworth married John just two weeks after tlie decease of her first hus-\\nband, Theodore Atkinson, also her cousin, and in the same church from which he had been buried\\nmatter for such condolence and reproof as Talleyrand s celebrated Ah, madame, and Oh,\\nmadame. IJenning Wentworth s widow married Colonel Michael Wentworth, said to have been\\na retired British officer. He was a great horseman and a free liver. Once he rode from Boston\\nto Portsmouth between sunrise and sunset. Having run through a handsome estate, he died izn-\\nder suspicion of suicide, leaving his own c|)ita])h, I have eaten my cake. Colonel Michael was\\nthe host, at the Hall, of Washington. In 1817, the house at Little Harbor was purchased by\\nCharles Cashing, whose widow was a daugiiter of Jacob ISheaffe.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0216.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "NEWCASTLE AND NEIGHBORHOOD.\\n20r\\nthat as he was leaving his box at the theatre one night in Paiis, a gentleman\\nseized him by the hand Governor Wentworth, sir, said the gentleman.\\nAt first I was embarrassed, and knew not how to behave toward him. As\\nray classmate and friend at college, and ever since, I could have pressed him\\nto my bosom with most cordial affection. But we now belonged to two dif-\\nferent nations, at war with each other, and consequently were enemies.\\nThe king afterward gave Sir John the government of Nova Scotia. The\\npoet Moore mentions the baronet s kind treatment of him in 1805, during his\\nAmerican tour. He is said to have kept sixteen horses in his stable at\\nPortsmouth, and to have been a free-liver. A man of unquestioned ability\\nto govern, who went down under the great revolutionary wave of 1775, but\\nrose again to the surface and struck boldly out.\\nThere is now in the possession of James Lenox, of New York, a portrait\\nof the baronet s wife, by Copley, painted in his best manner. The lady was\\na celebrated beauty. The face has caught an expression, indescribably arch,\\nas if its owner repressed an invincible desire to torment the artist. In it are\\nset a pair of eyes, black and\\ndangerous, with high-arched\\nbrows, a tempting yet mock-\\ning mouth, and nose a little\\nretrousse. Her natural hair\\nis decorated with pearls a\\nstring of them encircles her\\nthroat. The corsage is very\\nlovVjdisplaying a pairof white\\nshoulders such as the poet im-\\nagined\\nSlie has a bosom as white as snow,\\nTake care\\nShe knows how much it is best to\\nshow,\\nBeware! beware!\\nIn 1777 Baron Steuben\\narrived in Portsmouth, in\\nthe Flamand. Franklin had\\nsnubbed him, St. Germain\\nurged him, but Beaumarchais\\noffered him a thousand louis-d or. On the day the baron joined the army at\\nValley Forge his name was the watch-word in all the camps.\\nPaul Jones shall equip his Bonne Homme Richard; weapons, military stores can be smug-\\ngled over (if the English do not seize them); wherein, once more Beaumarchais, dimly as the Giant\\nSmuggler, becomes visible\u00e2\u0080\u0094 filling his own lank pocket withal. Carlyle, French Revolu-\\ntion, vol. i., p. 43.\\nBARON STEUBEN.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0217.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "WITCU IJILL, SALEM.\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nSALEM VILLAGE, AND 92.\\nBanquo. Were such tilings liere as we do speak about?\\nOr have we eaten of the insane root,\\nThat takes the reason prisoner? Macbeth.\\nOALEM VILLAGE has a sorrowful ccU l)rit}^ It \u00e2\u0080\u00a2would soem as if an ad-\\nverse spell still liuiig over it, for in the elianges brought by time to its\\nneighbors it has no part, remaining, as it is likely to ix tnain, Salem Village\\nthat is to say, distinctively antitpiated, sombre, and lifeless.\\nA collection of liouses scattered along the old high-road from Salem to\\nAndover, decent-looking, brown-roofed, though humble dwellings, a somewhat\\npretending village chui-ch, and ])leasant, home-like, ])arsonage; old trees, ])art-\\nly verdant, partly \\\\\\\\ithered, stretching naked boughs above the gables of\\nhouses even older than themselves, embody something of the impressions of\\noft-repeated walks in what is known as the AVitch Neighborhood.\\nThe village contains one central oint of ])ai-amount interest. It is an in-\\nclosed space of grass ground, a short distance from the principal and only\\nstreet, reached by a well-trodden by-path. Within this now naked field once\\nstood a house, with a garden arid orchard sun-ouiidinn-. Of the liousi nothing\\nI cmains except a slight depi-ession in tlie soil of the orchard ami gaiden\\nthere is no trace; yet liard by I chanced on a bank of aroiiLatic thyme once\\nheld of singular jiotency in witchcraft as in the Faerie (Jiieen, the tree\\nlaments to the knight\\nI chanced to sec her in licr proper line,\\nHathing liersclf in origan and tiiyme.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0218.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "SALEM VILLAGE, AND 92. 209\\nIn this quiet, out-of-the-way little noolc, Salem witchcraft had its beo-iu-\\nning. The sunken cavity is what remains of the Ministry House, so called,\\npulled down in 1785 (not a day too soon); the den of error in which the\\nplague-spot first appeared. No one would have thought, standing here, that\\nhe surveyed the focus of malevolence so deadly as the wretched delirium\\nof 92.\\nThe well-informed reader is everywhere familiar with the origin and de-\\nvelopment of Salem witchcraft, It has employed the best pens as it has puz-\\nzled the best brains among us until to-day the whole affair remains envel-\\noped in a mystery which the theories of nearly two hundred years have failed\\nwholly to penetrate.\\nThe writer has had frequent occasion to know how wide-spread is the be-\\nlief that witchcraft began in New England, and particularly in Salem. This\\nis to be classed among popular errors upon which repeated denials have lit-\\ntle effect. Nevertheless, witchcraft did not originate in New England no,\\nnor in old England either, for that matter. The belief in it was earlier than\\nthe Mayflower^ older than the Norman Conquest, and antedated the Roman\\nEmpire. The first written account of it is contained in Scripture.^\\nSaul incurred the anger of God by consulting the Witch of Endor. Joan\\nof Arc was burned as a Avitch in 1431. About fifty years later the Church\\nof Rome fulminated a bull against witchcraft. The number of suspected\\npersons already burned at the stake or subjected to the most cruel torments\\nis estimated at many thousands.\\nIn taking leave of the Dark Ages we do not take our leave of witchcraft.\\nMore, than a hundred thousand victims had perished in Germany and France\\nalone before the Mayfloioer sailed from Delft. The Pilgrims, I engage, be-\\nlieved in it to a man.\\nOld England! Why, the statute against witchcraft was not repealed un-\\ntil 1736, in the second George s time, though it had lain dormant some years.\\nThe last recorded execution in the British Islands occurred in Scotland, as\\nlate as 1722. The sixth chapter of Lord Coke s Third Institutes is de-\\nvoted to a panegyric on the statutes for punishing conjuration, sorcery,\\nwitchcraft, or enchantment. The laws of England were the fundamental\\nlaw of New England witchcraft was in the list of recognized crimes through-\\nout Christendom.\\nFrance, under Louis le Grand, whose style history will change, notwith-\\nstanding his famous i Hat c est moi^ to Louis the Little, was immeshed in\\nthe net of superstition. The highest personages of the court resorted to the\\nastrologers for horoscopes, charms, or philters. We might see later the magic\\nMather and Hutchinson deal largely witji it. Uphani and Drake have conipiled, arranged,\\nand analyzed it.\\nExod. xxii., 18 (1491 u.c): Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.\\n14", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0219.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "210 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nand sorcery of the sixteentli century and of the seventeenth transformed into\\nstudies in clieniistry under tlie Regency, and become experiments in magnet-\\nism in the eighteentli century.\\nThe settlers in New England, who brouglit all their Old-World supersti-\\ntions with them, were not surprised to tind the Indians fully impregnated\\nwith a belief in magic equal to their own. The wonderful cures of the Indian\\nmagicians or medicine-men were thoroughly believed in, and are vouched for\\nby white evidence. One of their favorite methods of revenging private in-\\njury was by enchanting a hair, which entered the bodies of their enemies and\\nkilled them while sleeping. It is noted that Tituba, an Indian, had much to\\ndo with the outbreak in Salem village.\\nSir William Phips, an illiterate but not incapable man, had been appointed\\nGovernor of Massachusetts Bay, under the new charter of William and Mary.\\nThe charter conferred the power of civil government, and separated the legis-\\nlative from the judicial authority. Sir William constituted a commission of\\nseven to try the witchcraft cases at Salem. As he had no power to create\\nsuch a court under the charter, one of the saddest reflections that arise from\\nthese bloody proceedings is that twenty persons suftered death for an imagi-\\nnary ci ime, inflicted by an illegal tribunal. The province law of 1692 de-\\ncreed death for enchantment, sorcery, charm, or conjuration, or invocation, or\\nto feed any wicked spirit.\\nThe first authenticated case of witchcraft in New England, and also the\\nfirst execution, took place at Boston, as early as 1648. The culprit, Margaret\\nJones, of Charlestown, was suspected of having and using the malignant\\ntouch. She professed some knowledge of medicine, and probably availed\\nlierself of the awe in which she was held b} the superstitious to ply her trade.\\nJVIany other cases are mentioned in the other colonics, Connecticut bearing\\nher full share, befoi-e the climax of 1692 is reached. Then, as afterward, the\\naccusations fell chiefly u\\\\)()u women the old, friendless, or halfwitted bear-\\ning the burden of every acci lent in their nciighboihood.\\nAn English writer gravely says in 1690: Sevei-al old women suspected for\\nwitches in and about Lancasliire have been often noted to have beards of con-\\nsiderable growth, tho that s no general rule, some of the reverend and virtu-\\nous being often liable to the same. Everywhere witchcraft was leceived as\\na stubborn fact. The criminal codes of nearly if not quite all the colonies\\nrecognized it. In IVnnsylvania, if tradition may be believed, the fact was\\nmet by no less stul)1)()rn coinuiou sense. It is said, when Pliiladel[)hia Avas\\nthree years old, a woni.ui w as ludught before Governor Penn, charged with\\nwitchcraft and liding lliiougli the air on a broomstick. Although the woman\\nconfessed hci- gnill,slH was dismissed by the Quaker magistrate with the as-\\nsurance that, as thci-e m as no law against it, she might I ide a broomstick as\\noften as she jdcascil.\\nCould a I ll 11 and candid confession be obtained of the present genei-ation\\nI", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0220.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0223.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0224.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "SALEM VILLAGE, AND 92.\\n213\\nthere would appear more superstition than we wot of, such as would show us\\nlegitimate descendants of credulous colonists. It is not long since a staid old\\ntown in Massachusetts was in consternation at the report of a o-host in a\\nschool-room. Signs and portents have been handed down and are religiously\\nbelieved in by other than the ignorant and credulous, as has been already\\nstated in a former chapter. A very small proportion of the skeptical could\\nbe induced to enter a church-yard at night. There is some subtle principle\\nof our nature that gives ready adhesion to the mystical or tlie marvelous\\nand it is believed\\nthey were not dif-\\nferently constitu-\\nted in 1692.\\nLeaving the\\nWitch Ground,\\nthe visitor, in re-\\ntracing his steps,\\nwill pass near the\\nold Nurse House,\\na memorial of one\\nof the most dam-\\nning of the inno-\\ncent sacrifices to _\\nsuperstition. It kebecca nurse s house.\\nis not easy to sit down and write of it with the indiflference of the profession-\\nal historian.\\nRebecca Nurse, aged and infirm, universally beloved by her neighbors,\\nwas accused. The jury, moved by her innocence, having brought in a verdict\\nof not guilty, the court sent them out again with instructions to find her\\nguilty. She was executed. The tradition is that her sons disinterred her body\\nby stealth from the foot of the gallows, where it had been thrown, and brought\\nit to the old homestead, laying it reverently and wath many tears in the little\\nburying-ground which the family always kept, and which is still seen nearby.\\nBut briefly to our history. We there discover that twenty persons lost\\ntheir lives through the denunciation of eight simple country girls, the young-\\nest being eleven, and the oldest not more than twenty years of age. These\\nmaidens met at the house of Samuel Parris, the then minister of the village,\\nand on the spot where the earth is now trying to heal the scar left by the\\nold cellar. They formed what was then and is still known as a circle in\\nNew England, devoted in these more modern days to clothing the heathen\\nand bewitching the youth who enter their influence.\\nAbigail Williams, eleven Mary Walcut, seventeen Ann Putnam, twelve Mercy Lewis,\\nseventeen; Mary Warren, twenty Elizabeth J3ooth, eighteen Sarah Churchill, twenty Susannah\\nSheldon, age not known.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0225.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "214\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe most plausible, ami therefore the commonly received opinion is, that\\nthese girls, having at first practiced some of the well-known methods of per-\\nforming magic, were led into a series of false accusations which, from being\\nconceived in a spirit of mischief, grew into crimes of the fii-st magnitude as\\nthey found themselves carried away by a frenzy they had not moral courage\\nto stay. Another presumption supposes the girls believers in their own pow-\\ners. This view is sustained by the universal belief in witchcraft, the ready\\nadhesion given to their charges, the support they received from the judges,\\nand the terrible power with which they found themselves possessed. Anoth-\\ner solution is found in the occult influences of second-sight so widely credited\\nin Scotland in years by-gone, the psychology and clairvoyance of the present\\nday. Dr. Samuel Johnson said he would rather believe in second-sight than\\nin the poetry of\\nOssian. If the\\nsoundest thinkers\\nof the nineteenth\\ncentury are stag-\\ngered to account\\nfor the phenomena\\nof spirit-rappings,\\nit is wise to defer\\na hasty condem-\\nnation of the pos-\\nsessed damoscls\\nof Salem village.\\nInstead of ply-\\ning its needles, the\\ncircle was engaged in attempts to discover the future. Rev. John Hale, in\\nhis ]\\\\Iodest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft, has this to say\\nI fear some young persons, through a vain curiosity to know their fu-\\nture condition, have tampered with devil s tools, so far that thereby one door\\nwas opened to Satan to play those pranks Anno 1602. I knew one of the\\nAfflicted persons, who (as I was credibly informed), did try with an egg and\\na glass to find her future liusband s calling; till tliere came up a coffin, that\\nis, a spectre in likeness of a coffin. And she was afterward followed with\\ndiabolical molestation to her death; and so dyed a single person. A just\\nwarning to others, to lake lieed of handling the devil s weapons lest they get\\na wound thereby. This John Hale, teacher of the people, was at fii st a\\nzealous believer. Pcrhajjs the denunciation of his own wife had something\\nto do with his backsliding into common sense.\\nThe accusing girls were believed infallible witch-findeis. Their services\\nwere consequently in demand as their fame spread abioad. Some of them\\nwere taken to Andover, leaving distrust, disniay, and death in the quiet old\\nPKOCTEK UOL SE.\\n1", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0226.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "SALEM VILLAGE, AND 92. 215\\nWest Parish. In a short time, says the annalist, it was commonly re-\\nported forty men of Andover could raise tlie devil as well as any astrolo -er,\\nA Boston Man having taken his sick child to Salem in order to consult\\nthe afflicted ones, obtained the names of two of his own towns-people as the\\nauthors of its distemper; but the Boston justices I efused warrants to appre-\\nhend tliem, and Increase Mather asked the father if there was not a God in\\nBoston that he must go to the devil in Salem. These two persons are said\\nto have been Mrs. Thatcher, mother-in-law of Curwin, one of the judges, and\\nthe wife of Sir William Phips.\\nAs soon as the prosecutions stopped, it was remarked that the apparitions\\nceased. Once or twice the accuser i-ecoiled before a sharp and swift reproof,\\nas at Lieutenant Ingersoll s, when one of them cried out, There s Goody\\nProcter Raymond and Goody IngersoU told her flatly she lied there was\\nnothing. The girl was cowed, and said she did it for sport.\\nEven the witchcraft horrors have a humorous side grimly humorous, it\\nis true, like the jokes cracked in a dissecting-room. The thought of pots and\\nkettles jumping on the crane, of anchors leaping overboard of themselves,\\nand of hay-cocks found hanging to trees is rather mirth-provoking. Mirrors\\nwere daily consulted by maids and widows looking for a husband. A mat-\\nter of life and death could not prevent George Jacobs, the old grandfather,\\nfrom laughing heartily at the spasmodic antics of Abigail Williams.\\nIt seems a pity that New England in her greatest need should have found\\nno champion, like St. Dunstan, to argue with and finally compel the devil to\\nown himself confuted, as, according to vulgar belief, he did, by taking the\\nfiend by the nose with a pair of red-hot tongs; or as Ignatius Loyola, who,\\nwhen disturbed at his devotions by the devil, seized his cudgel and drubbed\\nhim away. Montmorency, a peer and marshal of France, son of the famous\\nBouteville, whom Richelieu had caused to be decapitated for fighting a duel\\nat midday in the Place Royal, was weak enough to visit La Voisin, the re-\\nnowned conjuror and fabricator of poisons in the reign of Louis XIV. La\\nVoisin had promised to show him the devil, and the duke was curious.\\nWhen the marechal whipped out his rapier and thrust vigorously at the speo-\\ntre, it fell on its knees, and begged its life. The devil proved to be a con-\\nfederate of La Voisin. Archibald, duke of Argyle, was haunted by blue\\nphantoms the origin of our epithet for melancholy, blue devils.\\nIn the village tavern there was a battle with spectres that Abigail Wil-\\nliams and Mary Walcut declared were present. Benjamin Hutchinson and\\nEleazer Williams pulled out their swords and cut and stabbed the air until,\\nas the two girls averred, the floor was deep in ghostly blood\\nA ride through the woods then was little coveted by the stoutest hearts.\\nA spai k of fear is soon blown into uncontrollable panic. Bushes grew spec-\\nAccount of Thomas Brattle. See his life, page 80.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0227.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "216 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ntres and trees outstretched goblin arms. Elizabeth Hubbard was riding\\nhome from meeting on the crupper, behind old Clement Coldum. The rus-\\ntling leaves were witches whisperings, the white birches seemed ghosts in\\ntheir winding-sheets. The woman, faint -hearted and overmastered by a\\nnameless dread, cried out to tlie goodman to ride for life the woods were full\\nof devils. Though he could see none, the valiant rider spurred his horse like\\nmad, and rode as Tarn O Shanter rode his fearful race when jjursued by the\\nwitches of Kirk Alloway.\\nThe trysting-place of the witches was in Parris s pasture. It was here\\nAbigail Hobbs, who had sold herself to the Old Boy, attending, saw the sac-\\nrament of the red bread and the red wine administered to the devil s elect.\\nPoor George Burvoughs, whom we met for a moment in our walk through\\nWells, was denounced for summoning with a trumpet the attending witches.\\nObedient to the sound, from far and near, the withered beldams, toothless\\nhags in short petticoats, white linen hoods, and conical high crowned hats,\\ncome flocking on flying broomsticks. Satan is there in person, not playing\\nthe bagpipe, as in Tam O Shanter s fearful conclave, but with the convention-\\nal book written in letters of blood.\\nCertes, these were but rude ghosts. !N owadays the devil is raised as\\neasily, but conducts himself with greater propriety, as becomes the devil of\\nthe nineteenth century. The damp grass of the churcli-yard and the witches\\nden are bugbears no longer. We sit in a comfortable apartment around a\\nmahogany table. Our ghost no more appears in mouldy shroud, but, like a\\nwell-bred spectre, knocks for admittance. Soon his card will be handed in\\non a salver, and we may perha})S in time expect daily weather reports from\\nthe nether world.\\nBefore leaving the village, I turned into one of those old abandoned roads\\nin which I like so well to walk. Left on one side by a shorter cut, saving\\nsome rods to this hurrying age, the deserted by-way conducts you into soli-\\ntudes proper for communion with the past. Grass has sprung up so thickly\\nas almost to conceal traces of the once well-worn ruts, now only two indis-\\ntinct lines of lighter green. Young pines, a foot high, are rooted in the cart-\\nway stone walls, moss-grown and tumbling down. Here and there are the\\nghastly remains of some old orchard, the ground strewed with withered\\nbranches. A half-obliterated cellai- denotes a former habitation even the\\nland betrays evidences of having been turned by the plows of two centuries\\nago. Who have passed this way? Perhaps the laying-out of this very road\\nbegot disputes transmitted from fatlier to son.\\nA mile beyond the Witch Neigliboi-hood the Amlover road crosses the\\nNewburyport tuiiipike. At the junction of the two roads stands the old\\nfarm-house in wliicii Isi-ael I utnam, the Old Put of tlie llevohitionary\\narmy, was horn.\\nTlic houso, or ratlier houses, for two structures compose it, is still occu-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0228.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "SALEM VILLAGE, AND 92.\\n217\\npied by Putnaras. The newer building, already old by comparison with some\\nof its neighbors, was built in 1744; the original in 1650, or thereabouts, ac-\\ncording to family tradition. One object, to which the attention of every vis-\\nitor is directed, is the old pollard of enormous girth standing near the house.\\nHouse and tree seem types of the sturdy, indomitable old man, who at nearly\\nthree-score was full of the rage of battle.\\nBy the courtesy of the family, ever ready to indulge a proper curiosity,\\nI looked over the old house from garret to cellar. The little room in which\\nthe general was born remains just as when its rough-hewn posts and thick\\nbeams were revealed to his astonished gaze. There are few relics of the gen-\\nei al remaining:.\\nBIRTHPLACE OF PUTNAM.\\nWhile in the Wadsworth Museum at Hartford, I lately saw the damaged\\nsign displayed by Putnam when he kept an inn at Brooklyn, Connecticut,\\nabout 1768. Another famous soldier, Murat, was the son of an auhergiste, and\\nNapoleon was not too willing on this account to give him the hand of his\\nsister.\\nThe Putnams settled early in Salem. John, the first emigrant, came from\\nBuckinghamshire, in 1634, with three sons, Thomas, Nathaniel, and John.\\nSome of the name exercised a fatal influence during the reign of witchcraft.\\nIsrael was already an old man when he left his plow in the furrow to gallop\\nto Cambridge, having been born in 1718. At twenty-one he removed to", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0229.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "218\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nPUTXAM IN BItlTISU VNIKOKM.\\nPomfret, Connecticut. Putnam\\nwas prompt, resolute, and inca-\\n5^ pable of fear full of tiglit, and\\nalways ready. Washington, who\\ndid not judge badly, thought\\nhim the only iit man to make an\\nassault on Boston. Though un-\\neducated, Putnam wrote pith-\\nily, as to Governor Tryon:\\nSir, Nathan Palmer,a lieu-\\ntenant in your king s service,\\nwas taken in my camp as a spy\\nhe was condemned as a spy; and\\nhe shall be hanged as a spy.\\nP. S. Afternoon. lie is\\nhanged.\\nDanvers, in Avliose territory\\n^4 we have been rambling, is an\\naggregate of several widely\\nscattered villages taken from\\nSalem in tlie last century. Some of its villages liave grown into good-sized,\\nprosperous towns, and one lias taken the name of her eminent banker-philan-\\nthropist, George IVabody. When at Salem, the visitor may easily reach\\nPeabod) Danvers, and the Witch Neighborhood by rail, having in the latter\\ninstance a walk of a mile before him on leaving the little station near the\\nPutnam House. In a cii cuit of sevei al miles, embracing what is to be seen\\nof interest on\\nthis side, it is,\\nperhaps, better\\nto leave Salem\\nby the old Bos-\\nton road and I c-\\nturn to it by the\\nAndover jiigli-\\nway. l^ oUowiiig\\nthis route, we\\nsuccessively pass\\nby Governor En-\\ndicott s fai in, on\\nwhich is still seen\\nthe aged pear- knuicott i-hau-tuke.\\n^M^-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0230.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "SALEM VILLAGE, AND 92.\\n219\\ntree, sole relic of tlie ancient orchard/ the house Avhich became the head-\\nquarters in 1774 of General Gage, and the Witch Neighborhood. But before\\nhurrying away from Peabody, it will be well to read the inscription on tlie\\nmonument which one sees in the main street, examine the memorials of royal\\nmunificence in the library of the Institute, and, if the stranger be of my\\nmind, to halt for a moment before the humble dwelling in which Bowditch\\nwas born. As there is no place in New England which so highly prizes its\\nantique memorials and traditions as Salem, the fii st person you meet will be\\nable to direct you to the one or relate to you the other.\\nEndicott had a grant of three hundred acres on the tongue of land between Cow-house and\\nDuck rivers. The site does justice to his discernment.\\nRaised in 1837 to the memory of soldiers of Danvers killed in the battle of Lexington.\\nThe Queen s portrait by Tilt, the gold box and medal presented by the city of London and by\\nCongress to Mr. Peabody.\\nPUTNAM S TAVERN SIGN.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0231.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "WASHINGTON STREET, SALEM.\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nA WALK TO WITCH HII.L.\\nDo not the hist ries of all ages\\nRelate miraculous presages,\\nOf strange turns in the world s affaii s,\\nForeseen by astrologers, sootlisayers,\\nChaldeans, learned genethliacs,\\nAnd some tliat have writ almanacs?\\nlludibrns.\\nTN 1G02 S.ilcm may liave contained four luindrcd liouscs. A few specimens\\nof this time now remain in odd corners llij) Van Winkles or Wander-\\ning Jews of old houses, that have outlived their day of usefulness, and would\\nnow be at rest. Objects of scoiii to the present generation, they have silent-\\nly endured the contemptuous flings of the passer-by, as well, ])erchance, as tlie\\nfrowns and haughty stare of rows of plate-glass windows along tlie street.\\nAs well j)ut new wine in old bottles, as an old house in a new di css it is\\nalways an old liouse, despite the thin veneer of miscalled improvements. The\\narchitect can do nothing with it to the purpose; the carpenter can make\\nnothing of it. There they are, with ()ccu])aiits equally old-fashioned of, yet\\nnot belonging to the present. Some have stood so long in particular neigh-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0232.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "A WALK TO WITCH HILL.\\n221\\nBIKTHPLACE OF HAWTHOKNB.\\nborhoods, have\\noutlived so many\\nmodern struc-\\ntures, as to be-\\ncome points of\\ndirection, like\\nLondon Stone\\nor Charing-cross.\\nThe stranger s\\npuzzled question-\\ning is often met\\nwitli, You know\\nthat old house in\\nsuch a street\\nAnd so the old\\nhouse helps us to find our way not alone to the past, but in the present.\\nUndoubted among such specimens as will be met with in the neighborhood\\nof the wharves, or between Essex Street and the water-side, is the old gam-\\nbrel-roofed, portly -chimneyed house in which our Wizard of the North\\nfirst drew breath. It stands in Union Street, at the left as you pass down.\\nMany pilgrims loiter and ponder there over these words:\\nSalem, October 4th, Union Street [Family Mansion].\\nHere I sit in my old accustomed chamber, where I used to sit in days\\ngone by. Here I have written many tales many that have been burned to\\nashes, many that doubtless deserved the same fate. This claims to be called\\na haunted chamber, for thousands upon thousands of visions have appeared to\\nme in it; and some few of them have become visible to the world. If ever\\nI should have a\\nbiographer, he\\nought to make\\ngreat mention of\\nthis chamber in\\nmy memoirs, be-\\ncause so much of\\nmy lonely youth\\nwas wasted here,\\nand here my\\nmind and charac-\\nter were formed\\nand here I have\\nbeen glad and\\nsHATTucK HOUSE. hopcful, aud here", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0233.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "222\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nKOOM IN WHICH HAWTHORNE WAS BORN.\\nI have been de-\\nspondent. And\\n-J here I sat a long,\\nh^ng time, wait-\\ning patiently for\\nthe world to know\\nme, and some-\\ntimes wondering\\nwhy it did not\\nknow me soon-\\ner, or whether it\\nwould ever know\\nme at all at\\nleast, till I were\\nin my grave.\\nIt is not my purpose to attempt a descrij)tion of Salem, or of what is to\\nbe seen there. Her merchants ai e princes. No doubt tliey were in Josselyn s\\nmind when he said some of the New Englanders were damnable rich.\\nFrench writers of that day speak of her bourgeois entierement riches. Those\\nsubstantial mansions of red brick, tree-shaded and ivy-trellised, represent\\nwhat Carlyle named the noblesse of commerce, witli money in its pocket.\\nWriting in 1685 upon the English invasions of Acadia, Sieur Bergier thus\\ncharacterizes Salem and Boston\\nThe English who inliabit these two straggling boi ouglis {bo urff rides) are\\nfor the greater part fugitives out of England, guilty of tlie death of the late\\nking (Charles Stuart), and accused of conspiring against the reigning sover-\\neign. The rest are corsairs and sea-robbers, who have united themselves\\nwitli tlie former in a soi-t of independent I cpublic. This is rather earlier\\ntlian the date usually fixed for the planting of democracy in America, but j^er-\\nhaps none too early. Endicott had tlien cut the cross from the standard of\\nEngland with his poniard and Charles II. had been liuinbled in tlie persons\\nof his commissioners.\\nLet us walk on thi-ougli Essex Sti cet, unheeding tlie throng, unmindl ul of\\nthe statelier buildings, until we ajjproach an ancient landmark at the corner\\nof North Street. Its cdaims on our attention are twofold. It is said to have\\nbeen the dwelling of Koger Williams, lor whom Soulliey, when reminded\\nthat Wales had been moi-e famous for mutton than great men, avowed he\\nhad a sincei e respect, yet it is even n)ore celebrated as the scene of examina-\\ntions durins: the lieisi of Terror in KJDl\\nConsidcnvMe clianpjes were necessniy so long fiRO as lG7-t- 7r), wlicn it became tlie property\\nof .Ioiii\\\\tli:iii Corwiii, of witcliciiift notoriety. In 1745, and ajjtiiii about 1772, it underwent other\\nrepiiirs, le;i\\\\iny it as now seen.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0234.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "A WALK TO WITCH HILL.\\n223\\nIn appearance the original house miglit have been transplanted out of old\\nLondon. Its peaked gables, with pine-apples carved in wood surmountin f,\\nits latticed windows, and colossal chimney, put it unmistakably in the age of\\nruffs, Spanish cloaks, and long rapiers. It has long been arrested of its an-\\ntique English character, now appearing no more than a reminiscence of its\\nformer self However, from a recessed area at the back its narrow casements\\nand excrescent stairways are yet to be seen. A massive frame, filled between\\nwith brick, plastered with clay, with the help of its tower-like chimney, has\\nstood immovable against the assaults of time.. Such houses, and their num-\\nTUE OLD WITCH HOUSE.\\nber is not large, represent the original forest that stood on the site of ancient\\nSalem.\\nJonathan Corwin, or Curwin, made a councilor under the new charter\\ngranted by King William, was one of the judges before whom the preliminary\\nexaminations were held, both here and at the Village. Governor Corwin, of\\nOhio, is accounted a descendant, as was the author of The Scarlet Letter\\nof another witch-judge, John Hathorne. The reader may imagine the nov-\\nelist on his knees before the grave-stone of his ancestor, striving to scrape\\nthe moss from its half- obliterated characters. Other examinations took\\nplace in Thomas Beadle s tavern.\\nA scene from life in tiie old Copp s Hill buiial-ground at Boston.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0235.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "224 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\n/l ,e^^ U/ij^ iSt*iV e( ^j S^t\u00c2\u00ab/\u00c2\u00abf c^ uouV-^mMvy^ IAci^\\n\\\\/Ji^ll it) U^^ j^ f^\\nv^.U^ t^ J\u00c2\u00bb^aI^ S rn^^ ivvCiv^ ,pj^o^ /t^^;^ X\\nI UAGMKNT OF KXAMINATION OF KEHECCA NUKSE,\\nIII Handwriting of Hev. Samuel Parri8.\\nKiiowinnr the world bdiovcl in w itchci-alt, our horror at llic atrocities of\\n92 is modtM-atod by the i)rol)al)ility that nothing less than the shedding of in-\\nnoeent l)KK)d could have annihilated the delusion. The kin^ believed in it.\\nIr. the lihraiy of Harvard College is a book having the name of Farris on the fiv-Ieaf.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0236.jp2"}, "233": {"fulltext": "A WALK TO ^YITCH HILL.\\n225\\nthe governor and\\njudges believed\\nin it, and the\\nmost sensible and\\nlearned gave am-\\nple credence to\\nit. Queen Anne k\\nwrote a letter to\\nPhips that shows\\nshe admitted it\\nas a thing un-\\nquestioned/ The\\nclergy, with sin-\\ngular unanimity,\\nrecoanized it.\\nTHOMAS beadle s TAVEKN, 1092.\\nThe revulsion that followed equaled the precipitation that had marked the\\nproceedings. One of the judges made public confession of liis error.^ Offi-\\ncers of the court were persecuted until the day of their death.\\nThere is one hard, inflexible character, that was never known to have re-\\nlented. William Stoughton, lieutenant-governor, presided at these trials. It\\nis related that once, on hearing of a reprieve granted some of the condemned,\\nhe left the bench, exclaiming, We were in a way to have cleared the land\\nof these. Who is it obstructs the course of justice I know not. The Lord be\\nmerciful to the country.\\nThis [ludding-faced, sanctimonious, yet merciless judge had listened to the\\nheart-broken appeals of the victims, raising their manacled hands to heaven\\nfor that justice denied them upon earth. I have got nobody to look to but\\nGod. There is another judgment, dear child. The Lord will not suffer\\nit. Others as passionately reproached their accusers, but all were confound-\\ned, because all were believers in the fact of witchcraft.^\\nWhether Witch Hill be the first or last place visited, it is there Salem\\nwitchcraft culminates. There is seen, in approaching by the railway from\\nBoston, a bleak and rocky eminence bestrown with a little soil. Houses of\\nthe poorer sort straggle up its eastern acclivity, while the south and west faces\\nremain as formed by nature, abrupt and precipitous. The hill is one of a range\\nstretching away northward in a broken line toward the Merrimac. On the\\nsummit is a tolerably level area of several acres. Xot a tree was growing\\non it when I was there. The bleak winds sweep over it without hinderance.\\nShe approved Governor Fhips s conduct, but advised tlie utmost moderation and circumspec-\\ntion in all proceedings for witchcraft. Manuscript Files.\\nSamnel Sewall, afterward chief-justice of the Supreme Court of the province.\\nSome of the pins said to have been thrust by witches into the bodies of their victims are still\\npreserved in Salem.\\n15", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0237.jp2"}, "234": {"fulltext": "226 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nOn the lOtli of July, 1G92, an unusual stir might have been observed in\\nSalem. We may suppose the town excited beyond any thing that had been\\nknown in its history. Tlie condemned witches, Sarah Good, Sarah Wildes,\\nElizabeth Howe, Susannah Martin, and Rebecca Nurse, are to be hanged on\\nGallows Hill.\\nThe narrow lane in which the common jail is situated is thronged with\\nknots of men and women, wearing gloomy, awe-struck faces, conversing in\\nunder-tones. Before the jail door are musketeers of the train-band, armed\\nand watchful. The crowd gives way on the ai)proach of a cart that stops in\\nfront of the prison door, which is now wide opened. On one side stands the\\njailer, with ponderous keys hanging at his girdle; on the other is the sheriff,\\ngrasping his staft of office. The guard clears a passage, and then the sheriff s\\nvoice is heard calling upon the condemned to come forth.\\nThere are five of them, all women. They look pale, haggard, despairing.\\nAt sight of them a murmur ripples through the crowd, succeeded by solemn\\nstillness. As they mount the cart with weak and tottering steps for some\\nare old and feeble and gray-haired audible sobs are heard among the by-\\nstanders. Men s lips are compressed and teeth clenched as they look on with\\nwhite faces. All is ready. Tiie guard suri ounds the cart, as if a rescue were\\nfeared. It takes a score of strong men, armed to tlie teeth, to conduct five\\nhelpless women to death\\nI suppose there were outcries, hootings, and imprecations, as is the rabble s\\nw^ont. If so, I believe they were borne with the resignation and heroism that\\nmake woman the superior of man in supreme moments. At last the caval-\\ncade is grouped around the place of execution. The gallows and the fatal\\nladder are there, grotesque yet horrible. To each of those five women they\\nmeant martyrdom, and nothing less.\\nTile ])rovost-marshal commands silence while he reads the warrant. This\\nformality ended, he replaces it in his belt. Expectation is intense as the con-\\ndemned are seen to take leave of each otlier, like jieople who have done with\\nthis world. Then a shiver, like an electric spark, runs through the multi-\\ntude as the iiangnum seizes them, ])inions and blindfolds them, and, in the\\nname of King William and Queen Mai-y, liangs them by the neck until dead.\\neing leagued with Satan, ihcy were denied the consolations of religion\\nvouchsafed to pirates, murderers, and like malefactors. Toor old IJebecca\\nNurse had been led, lieavily ironed, up the broad aisle of Salem Church to\\nbe thi-ust out of its comiuuuion. At the scaffold Mvv. Mr. Xoyes, of Salem,\\ninsulted the last moments of Sarah (biod. You are a witcli, and you know\\nit, said this servant of Christ. She turned upon him fiercely, You lie, and\\nif you take away my life (iod will give you blood to di-ink. That few of\\nThis incident appears in Hawthorne s Seven Gables. The tradition is that Noyes was\\nchoked with blood dviiig y :i bunioniiiige.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0238.jp2"}, "235": {"fulltext": "-A WALK TO WITCH HILL.\\n227\\nINTERIOR OF FIRST CHURCH.\\nthe \u00e2\u0080\u009e,arty.-s cl.ose to buy thoi,- lives with a lie has ennobled their memories\\no, all t,\u00e2\u0080\u009e e t ,s ,v,,tte\u00e2\u0080\u009e If I would but go to hell for an eternal mon.ent\\nor so, I might be knighted. moment\\nOther executions took plaee in August and September, swelling the num-\\nber of v,ct,ms anged to nineteen. Giles Corey Jas, by ti.e old eIXuZ\\npressed to .leath for standing n.ute when told to plead\\nI.ll. Son.ebody, he says, wuhu, a few years had planted a number of loeust-\\nTrC:: I i- s -es mig,.\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0e t,.accd. I felt no regret at their total disappearance. Would that the\\nbloody chapter nnght as easily disappear Iron, history I\\ni::::::;:;::t;-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0239.jp2"}, "236": {"fulltext": "ireson s house, oakum bat, marbleuead.\\nCHAPTEH XYI.\\nMARBLEHEAD,\\nLauncelot. Turn up on yom- right hand at the next turning, but at the next turning of all\\non your left; marry, at the very next turning, turn of no hand, but turn down indirectly to the\\nJew s house. Merchant of Venice.\\n11 f ARBLEIIEAD is a backbone of granite, a vevtcbra of syenite and por-\\nl hyry thrust out into ]Massacliuselts liay in the ilirection of Cape Aim,\\nand hedged about with roeky islets. It is somewliat sheltered from the\\nweiglit of north-east storms by the sweep of the cajie, wliieh lauiielies itself\\nright out to sea, and gallantly receives the iirst buflelings of the Atlantic.\\nThe promontory of ^larbk hc.-ul may once have been a prolongation of Cape\\nAnn, the whole coast hereabcmts looking as if the ocean had licked out tlie\\nsofter parts, leaving nothing that Avas digestible behind. This rock, on which\\na settlement was begun two hundi cd and i orty odd years ago, ])crforms its\\n]\u00c2\u00bbart by nniking Salem Ilarboi on one hand, and another ibr its own shij)ping\\non the east, where an a]i))endage known as ^Marbjohead Neck is joined to it\\nby a ligature of saml and shinglt-. The port is open to tlie north-east, and\\nvessels are sometimes blown from their anchorage upon the sand-banks at\\nCaptain Goelet calls it an island.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0240.jp2"}, "237": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n229\\nand\\nthe head of the havbor,\\nthough the water is gen-\\nerally dee]) and the shores\\nbold. At the entrance a\\nlight-bouse is built on\\nthe extreme point of the\\nNeck and on a tongue\\nof land of the opposite\\nsliore is Fort Sewall a\\n^M beckoning finger and a\\nclenched fist.\\nThe harbor, as the\\nGazetteer would say,\\nlias a general direction\\nfrom north-east to south-\\nwest. It is a mile and\\na half long by half a\\nmile wide, with general-\\nly good holding ground,\\nthough in places the bot-\\ntom is rocky. La Touche\\nTreville lost the Hernii-\\none s anchor here in 1780,\\nwhen he brought over\\nM. De Lafayette, sent by\\nthe king to announce the\\nJ speedy arrival of Ro-\\nchambeau s army. Prob-\\nably the good news was\\nfirst proclaimed in the\\nnarrow streets of Marble-\\nhead, though it has hith-\\nerto escaped a spirited lyric from\\nsome disciple of Mr. Browning.\\nThe geologist will find Marble-\\nhead and the adjacent islands an interesting\\nground, with some tolerably hard nuts for his\\nhammer. The westerly shore of the harbor is\\nGliEAT HEAD. i 1 xl 1\\nindented with little coves niched in the rock,\\nhaving each a number, though the Marbleheaders have otlier names\\nTreville was the man thought most worthy by Napoleon to lead his fleet in the long-meditated\\ndescent on England.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0241.jp2"}, "238": {"fulltext": "230\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfor them. One or two wliarves are fitted in these coves, but I did not see\\na vessel unladiiii^ or a bale of merchandise there. The flow of the tide as it\\nsucked around the wooden piles was tlie only evidence of life about them.\\nThe varying formations of these shores go very far to redeem the haggard\\nlandscape. Even the coves differ in the materials with which their walls are\\nbuilt, feldspar, porphyry, and jasper variegating their rugged features with\\npleasing efiect. The floor of one of these coves is littered with fractured rock\\nof a reddish brown, from which it is locally known as Red Stone Cove. Cap-\\ntain Smith says this coast resembled Devonshire with its tinctured veines\\nof divers colors, The Rev. Mr. Higginson, of Salem, in 1629, speaks of the\\nstone found here as marble stone, that we have great rocks of it, and a har-\\nbor hard by. Our\\nplantation is from\\nthence called Mar-\\nble Harbor. His\\nmarble was per-\\nha])s the porphy-\\nI itic rock which\\nit resembles when\\nwetted by sea\\nmoisture.\\nThe beach is\\ntlic mall of Mar-\\nbk head. It opens\\nupon Xahant Bay,\\n:vnd is much ex-\\nposed to the force\\nof south-east gales.\\nOver this beach a\\ncauseway is built,\\nwhich iVom time\\nto time lias re-\\nquired extensive\\nrepairs. Under\\nthe province, and\\nas late even as\\n1812, tlie favorite\\nmethod of raising\\nmoneys for such\\npurposes was by\\nnecessity was rele-\\niiii; ciiiitN.\\nlottery, lnly authorized. In this w.tv a work of publi\\ngated to the public cupidity.\\nA run over the Neck revealed many points of interest. Tliere are rock", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0242.jp2"}, "239": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD. 231\\ncavities of glassy smoothness, Avorn by the action of pebbles, chasms that re-\\nceive the coming wave and derisively toss it high in air; and there are pre-\\ncipitous clifis which the old stone-cutter and lapidary can never blunt, though\\nhe may fret and fume forever at their base. Looking off to sea, the eye is\\neverywhere intercepted by islands or sunken ledges belted with surf. They\\nhave sucli names as Satan, Roaring Bull, Great and Little Misery, Great and\\nLittle Haste, Cut-throat Ledge, the Brimbles, Cat Island, and the like. Each\\nwould have a story, if it were challenged, how it came by its name. The\\nnumber of these islands is something surprising. In fact they appear like\\na system, connecting the craggy promontory of Marblehead with the cape\\nside. At some time the sea must liave burst through this rocky barrier,\\ncarrying all before its resistless onset. The channels are intricate among\\nthese islands, and must be hit with the nicest precision, or a strong vessel\\nwould go to pieces at the first blow on the sharp rocks.\\nThe Xeck is the peculiar domain of a transient population of care-worn\\nfugitives from the city. The red-roofed cottages were picturesque objects\\namong the rocks, but bore marks of the disorder in which the winter had left\\nthem. Tliey seemed shivering up there on the ledges, though it was the sev-\\nenth day of May, for there liad been a liglit full of snow, followed by a search-\\ning north-west wind. Not even a curl of smoke issued from the chimneys to\\ntake off the prevailing chilliness. Down at the harbor side there w as an old\\nfarmstead with some noble trees I liked better. On the beach I had trod in\\nHawthorne s Footprints. I might here rekindle Longfellow s Fire of\\nDrift-wood\\nWe sat within the farm-house old,\\nWhose windows, looking o er the bay,\\nGave to the sea-breeze, damp and fold,\\nAn easy entrance nigiit and day.\\nNot far away we saw the port,\\nThe strange old-fasliioned silent town,\\nThe light-house, the dismantled fort.\\nThe wooden houses quaint and brown.\\nThe light-keeper, whoni I found at home, indulged me in a few moments\\nchat. He could not account, he said, for the extraordinary predilection of the\\nLight-house Board for whitewash. Dwelling, covered way, and tower were\\neach and all besmeared and the keeper seemed not overconfident that he\\nmight not soon receive an order to put on a coat of it himself He did not\\nobject to the summer, but in winter his berth was not so pleasant, I already\\nfelt convinced of this. To a question he replied that Government estimated\\nhis services at five hundred dollars per annum; and he pointedly asked me\\nhow he was to support a family on the stipend Yet he must keep his light\\ntrimmed and burning for if that goes out, so does he.\\nAll the light-houses are supplied with lard-oil, which burns without in-", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0243.jp2"}, "240": {"fulltext": "232\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ncrusting the wick of tlie lamp; but the keeper objected that it Avas always\\nchilled in cold weather, and that he usually had to take it into the dwelling\\nand heat it on the stove before it could be used. A good deal of moisture\\ncollects on the plate-glass windows of the lantern wlien the wind is oli shore,\\nbut if it be off the land the glass is dry. In very cold weather, when it be-\\ncomes coated with frost, the light is visible but a short distance at sea. To\\nremedy this evil, spirits of wine are furnished to keepers, but does not wholly\\nremove the difficulty.\\nDHYING FISH, LITTLE IIAKBOU.\\nAfterward we spoke of the commerce of iMarblehead. The only craft\\nnow in port were five or six ballast-lighters that had wintered in the upper\\nliarbor; with this exception it was deserted. The keeper had been master of\\na fishing vessel. I could not help remarking to liim on this ominous state\\nof things,\\n1 have seen as many as a liundrcd and twenty vessels lying below us\\nhere, getting ready f)r a cruise on the Ijanks, he said.\\nAnd now?\\nNow there are not more than fil U en sail that hail out of here.\\nSo that fishing, as a business\\nIs knocked liigher than a kite.\\nWill it ever come down anain", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0244.jp2"}, "241": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD. 233\\nWe commiserate the situation of an individual out of business; what shall\\nwe, then, say of a town thrown out of employment Before the Revolution,\\nMarblehead was our principal fishing port. When the war came this indus-\\ntry was broken up for the seven years of the contest. IVIost of the men went\\ninto the army, one entire regiment being raised here. Many entered on board\\nprivateers or the public ai-med vessels of the revolted colonies. At the close\\nof the war, great destitution prevailed by reason of the losses in men the\\ntown had sustained and as usual a lottery was resorted to for the benefit of\\nthe survivors. The War of 1812 again drove tlie Marblehead fishermen from\\ntheir peaceful calling to man our little navy. At its close five hundred of her\\nsons were in British prisons.\\nFisheries have often been called the agriculture of the seas. Sir Walter\\nRaleigh attributed the wealth and power of Holland, not to its commerce or\\ncarrying trade, but to its fisheries. Captain John Smith was of this opinion\\nso were Mirabeau and De Witt. Franklin seemed to ])refer the fisheries of\\nAmerica to agriculture; and Edmund Burke paid our fishermen the noblest\\npanegyric of them all:\\nNo sea but is vexed by their fisheries. No climate that is not witness\\nto their toils. Neither the perseverance of Holland, nor the activity of P rance,\\nnor the dexterous and firm sagacity of English enterprise ever carried this\\nmost perilous mode of hardy industry to the extent to which it has been\\npushed by this recent people a people who are still, as it were, but in the\\ngristle, and not yet hardened into the bone of manhood.\\nAdd to this Napoleon s opinion that the American Avas the superior of the\\nEnglish seaman, and national self-complacency may safely rest on two such\\neminent authorities.\\nThe light-keeper, who had been on the Banks, informed me that it was\\nstill the custom, when lying to in a heavy blow, to pour oil on the Avaves\\nalongside the vessel; and that it Avas effectual in smoothing the sea not a\\nwave breaking Avithin its influence. Dr. Franklin s experiments are the first\\nI remember to have read of. A single tea-spoonful, he says, quieted the ruffled\\nsurface of near half an acre of water in a windy day, and rendered it as smooth\\nas a looking-glass,^ This man Avould have triumphed over nature herself.\\nWithout doubt Marblehead owes a large share of her naval renown to her\\nfishery; to those men Avho entered the sea-service at the bowsprit, like the\\ngreat navigator, Cook, and not at the cabin windows. They gave a distinct-\\nively American character to our little navies of 1776 and 1812, Southey,\\nAvhile writing his Life of Nelson, flings down his pen in despair to say\\nWhat a miserable thing is this loss of a second frigate to the Americans.\\nIt is a cruel stroke; and, though their frigates are larger ships than ours,\\nmust be felt as a disgrace, and in fact is disgrace. It looks as if there was a\\nAddress to the Electors of Bristol. \u00e2\u0080\u00a2Philosophical Transactions, vol. Ixiv., part ii.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0245.jp2"}, "242": {"fulltext": "234 THE ^!EW ENGLAND COAST.\\n(Iry-vot in our wooden walls. Is it that this captain also is a youngster hoist-\\ned up by interest, or that the Americans were manned by Englishmen, or that\\nour men do not fight heartily, or that their men are better than ours\\nOne writer calls the fishery a great nursery of the marine, from whence\\na constant supply of men, inured to the perils of the sea, are constantly ready\\nfor the service of their country. Supposing this doctrine correct, it becomes\\nan interesting question where the sailors of future navies are to come from\\nThe whale-fishery has been fairly beaten out of the field by oil-spouting rocks.\\nWhy should we brave the perils of the Arctic circle when by sinking a tube\\nin Pennsylvania we may strike a fellow of a thousand barrels, and wax rich\\nwhile asleep? New London, Nantucket, New Bedford, and Edgartown have\\nanswered. The cod and mackerel fisheries have dwindled into like insignifi-\\ncance, say Marblehead, Gloucester, and all fishing ports along shore. WheJi\\nthese towns, once so exclusively maritime, found the fishery slipping througli\\ntheir fingers, they took up shoe-making, and at present you will see plenty of\\nCrispins, but not many blue-jackets, in Marblehead. Cobbling is now carried\\non in the barn-lofts, fish-houses, and cottages. Yet this change of condition\\nis not met, as in the failing whale-fishery, by a supply from a difierent sourco;\\nfish continues to be as highly esteemed and in greater request than ever; it is\\nthe supply, not the demand, that is diminishing.\\nThere are some of those larger shoe-factories in the town where hides are\\nreceived at the front door, and are delivered at the back, in an incredibly\\nshort time, ready for wear. The young men I saw in long aprons at the\\nbenches had none of the rugged look of their fathers. Their white arms\\nsliowed little of the brawn that comes from constant handling of the oar.\\nThe air of the workshop was stifiiiig, and I gladly left it, thinking these\\nwere hardly the fellows to stand by the guns or reef-tackles. One old man\\nwith whom I conversed bitterly deplored that shoe-making had killed fish-\\ning, and liad made the young men, as he phrased it, nash, which is what\\nthey say of fish that the sun has spoiled. At the time I was there slioe-\\nmaking itself was sufi*ering from a depression of trade, and many of the in-\\nliabitants appeared to be in a state of uncertainty as to tlieir future that, I im-\\nagine, may become chronic. One individual, Avhile lamenting the decline of\\nbusiness, brightened up as lie said, But I understand they an t much better\\noff at IJeveriy.\\nTiie decline of the cod-lishery is ntt rihutcd to tlie use of trawls, and to the\\ngrcc il that kills the goose that has laid the golden 0 Formerly fish were\\ntaken with hand-lines only, over the side of the vessel. Tlien they began to\\ncarry dories, in which the crew sought out the best places. The men lost in\\nfogs or bad weathi-r while looking Ibr or visiting tlieir trawls swell tlii^ list\\nof casualties year by year. Fitting out fishing-vessels, instead of being the\\nsimple matter it once was, has become an affair of capital, the trawls for a\\nvessel sometimes costimx fifteen liundred dollars.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0246.jp2"}, "243": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n235\\nDouglass gives some particulars of the fishery, as practiced in his own and\\nat an earlier day. lie says the North Sea cod, and those taken on the Irish\\ncoast were considered better than the American fish, but were inadequate to\\nthe supply. No fish were considered merchantable in England or Ireland\\nless than eighteen inches long from the first fin to the beginning of the tail.\\nIn Newfoundland they worked their fish belly down in New England they\\nwere worked with their backs downward, to receive more salt, and add to\\ntheir weight. The stock-fish of Norway and Iceland were cured without salt,\\nby hanging them in winter upon sticks called by the Dutch stocks this\\nmay have been the origin of our dunfish. The fish made in Marblehead for\\nUNLOADING FISH.\\nSpain were known as Bilboa drithe, ai\\\\d could be held out horizontally by\\nthe tail. Those cured for the western market were called Albany dritlie,\\nfrom the fact that Albany was the head-quarters of that trade.\\nTo quote from Douglass, he says: In 1746 Marblehead ships off more\\ndried cod than all the rest of New England besides. Anno 1732 a good fish\\nyear, and in profound peace, Marblehead had about one hundred and twenty\\nschooners of about fifty tons burden, seven men aboard, and one man ashore\\nto make the fish, or about one thousand men employed, besides the seamen\\nwho carry the fish to market. Two hundred quintals considered a fare. In\\n1747 they have not exceeding seventy schooners, and make five fai-es yearly\\nto I. Sables, St. George s Banks, etc.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0247.jp2"}, "244": {"fulltext": "236 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nM. Rochefoucauld Liancourt, who visited New England in 1V99, making\\na tour of the coast as far as the Penobscot, says at that time the vessels were\\nusually of seventy tons, and liad a master, seven seamen, and a boy. The\\nowner liad a quarter, the dryer on the coast an eighth, and the rest was\\nshared by the master and seamen, in proportion to the iish they had taken.\\nEvery man took care of his own tish.\\nAs early as 1631 Governor Matthew Cradock established a fishing station\\nat Marblehead, in charge of Isaac AUerton, whose name appears fifth on the\\ncelebrated compact of the Pilgrims, signed at Cape Cod, November 11th, 1620/\\nWinthrop mentions in liis journal that as the Arabella was standing in for\\nNaumkeag, on the 12th of June, 1630, Mr. Allerton boarded her in a shallop\\nas lie was sailing to Pemaquid. Moses Maverick lived at Marblehead with\\nAllerton, and married his daughter Sarah. In 1635 Allerton conveyed to his\\nson-in-law all the houses, buildings, and stages he liad at Marblehead. In 1638\\nMoses was licensed to sell a tun of wine a year.\\nIn Winthrop s Journal, under the date of 1633, is the following with\\nreference to this plantation i^\\nFtbruary 1. Mr. Cradock s liouse at Marblehead was burnt down about\\nmidnight before, there being then in it Mr. Allerton, and many fishermen\\nwhom he employed that season, who all were preserved by a special provi-\\ndence of God, with most of his goods therein, by a tailor, who sat up that\\nnight at work in the house, and, hearing a noise, looked out and saw the house\\non fire above the oven in the thatch.\\nWhile retracing my steps back to town, I pictured the harbor in its day\\nof prosperity. A hundred sail \\\\vould have given it a degree of animation\\nquite marvelous to see. Six hours a hundred sharp prows point up the har-\\nbor, and six they look out to sea. Above the tapering forest of equal growth\\nare thrust the crossed spars of ships from Cadiz, in Spain. Innumerable wher-\\nries dart about, rowed by two men each; they are strongly built, for baiting\\ntrawls on the banks and in a sea is no child s play. The cheery cries, rattling\\nof blocks, and universal bustle aboard the fleet announce the preparations for\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0sailing. At the top of the flood up go a score of sails, and round go as many\\nA headland of Boston Harbor is named for him, Point Allerton.\\nMoses Maverick testifieth that in the yeare KUO or 41 the toune of Salem pranted unto the\\ninhabitants of Marblehead the land we now injoy, with one of Salem, to act with us, w* acordingly\\nwas acordingly attended imto the yeare lG-48, in which yeare Marblehead was confirmed a toune,\\nand to that time y never knew or understood he desented from what was acted in layeiug out land\\nor stinting the (^omons, and have beene accounted a Toune, and payd dutyes accordingly as it hath\\nbeen re(iuircd. Taken vjjou oatli 1 luio j Wm. IIatiioknk, yl////.\\n(Originnl Document.) Vera Copin, tiikcii the 25 of Miiy, 1CT4,\\nl)y iiio, Robert Foi d, Cleric.\\nKi lics of Indi.iii (ii ciiiiiitiiiii Ikivc lici ii tniiiui in I\\\\I;ivl)lclu :id at various times. There is a shell\\nhca]i on tlic man Farm, uii lliu line ol the Eastern Railway, (iiiiie near tiic I arm-liouse.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0248.jp2"}, "245": {"fulltext": "MARBLE HEAD.\\n237\\nwindlasses to a rattling chorus. Anchors are liove short in a trice. The\\nvessels first under way draw out from among the fleet, clear the mouth of the\\nharbor, and in a few minutes more are flinging the seas from their bows with\\nMarblehead Light well under their lee.\\nI do not know who first discovered Marblehead. The vague idea asso-\\nciates it with a heaji of stei ile rocks, inhabited by fishermen speaking an un-\\nintelligible jargon. Though not twenty miles from the New England metrop-\\nolis, and notwithstanding its past is interwoven with every page of our his-\\ntoric times, less is known of it than would seem credible to tlie intelligent\\nreader. A faithful chronicle of its fortunes would, no doubt, be sufiiciently\\nA GKOUP OF ANTIQUES.\\ncurious, though many would, I fear, prefer the stories of Tyre and Carthage.\\nBut Marblehead is unique there is nothing like it on this side of the water.\\nI was struck, on entering the place, with Whitefield s observation when he\\nasked where the dead wei e buried for the great want appears to be earth.\\nBut a further acquaintance i-evealed more pleasant inclosures of turf, oi chards,\\nand garden-spots than its gaunt crags seemed capable of sustaining. The\\ntown may be said to embrace two very dissimilar portions, of which the\\nlarger appears paralyzed with age, and the other the outgrowth of a newer\\nand more thriving generation. It is with the old town I have to do.\\nI preferred to commit myself to the guidance of the narrow streets, and\\ndrift about wherever they listed. The stranger need not try to settle his", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0249.jp2"}, "246": {"fulltext": "238 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ntopography beforeli;ind. lie would lose his labor. It was only after a third\\nvisit that I began to have some notions of the maze of rocky lanes, alleys, and\\ncourts. Caprice seemed to have governed the location of a majority of the\\nhouses by the water-side, and the streets to have adjusted themselves to the\\nwooden anarchy; or else the idea forced itself upon you that the houses must\\nhave been stranded here by the flood, remaining where the subsiding waters\\nleft them; for they stand anywhere and nowhere, in a ravine or atop a cliff,\\ncrowding upon and elbowing each other until no man, it would seem, might\\nknow his own. How one of those ancient mariners rolling heavily homeward\\nafter a night s oarouse could have found his own dwelling, is a mystery I do\\nnot undertake to solve.\\nM. De Chastellux, who had a compliment ready-made for evei-y thing\\nAmerican, was accosted when in Boston with the remark,\\nMarquis, you find a crooked city in Boston\\nAh, ver good, ver good, said the chevalier; it show de liberie.\\nI found Washington Sti eet a good base of operations. A modern dwelling\\nis rarely met with between this thoroughfare and the water. On State (tbr-\\nmeriy King) Street there is but one house less than a century old, and the\\nframe of that one was being raised the day Washington came to town. Even\\nlie was struck by the antiquated look of the buildings. The long exemption\\nfrom fire is little less than miraculous, for a building of brick or stone is an\\nexception. Old houses, gambrel-roofed, liip-roofed, and pitch-roofed, with an\\noccasional reminiscence of London in Milton s day, are ranged on all sides;\\nlittle altered in a hundred years, though I should have liked better to have\\nchanced this way when the ])orches of some were projecting ten feet into the\\nstreet. I enjoyed losing myself among them for, certes, there is more of the\\ncrust of antiquity about Marblehead than any place of its years in America.\\nAn air of snug and substantial conitbrt hung about many of the older\\nhouses, and some localities betokened there was an u] per as well as a nether\\nstratum of society in Marblehead. Fine old trees flourished in secluded neigh-\\nborhoods, where the brass doorknockers shone with unwonted lustre. I think\\nmy fingers itched to grasp them, so suggestive were they of feudal times when\\nstranger knight summoned castle-warden by striking with his sword-hilt on\\nthe oaken door. Fancy goes in unl)i(lden at their ])ortals, and roves among\\ntheir cramjjed coi ridors and best rooms, peering into closets where choice\\nchina is kept, or I ummaging among the curious lumber of the garrets, the ac-\\ncuinulalions of nniny generations. On the hole, the dwellings represent so\\nfar as they may a singular equality of condition. It is only by turning into\\nsome court or by-way that you come uiu xpectedly upon a mansion having\\naltout it some relics of a ibnner splendor. Though Marl)leliead has its Bil-\\nlingsgate, I saw nothing of the scpialor of our larger cities; and though it\\nmay have its liotten Kow, I remaiked neither lackeys nor showy etpiipages.\\nThere are few sidewalks in tiie older quarter. The streets are too nar-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0250.jp2"}, "247": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n239\\nrow to afford such a\\nluxury, averaging, I\\nsIiouUl say, not more\\ntliaii a rod in widtli\\nill the older ones, with\\nharely room for a\\nsingle vehicle. The\\npasser-by may, if he\\npleases, look into the\\nfirst-floor sitting\\nrooms, and see the\\niamily gathered at\\nits usual occupations\\nWhether it be a\\ngreater indiscretion\\nto look in at the\\nwindows than\\nto look out of\\nthem, as the\\nmatrons anei\\nmaidens are\\nin the hab-\\nit of do-\\ning when a\\nstranger is\\nin the neighborhood,\\nis a question I will-\\nmgly remand to the\\ndecision of my read-\\ners yet I confess I found\\nthe temptation too strong\\nto be resisted. In oidei\\nto protect those houses at\\nthe street corners, a mass-\\nive stone post is often seen\\nimbedded in the ground,\\nbut to give them a wide bei th\\nis impossible, and I looked foi\\nbusiness to be brisk at the\\nwheelwright s shop.\\nAgain, as the street encounteis\\nfi ledge in its way, one side of it\\nmounts the acclivity, ten, twenty\\nLEE STBEET.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0251.jp2"}, "248": {"fulltext": "240 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfeet above your head, wliile the otlier keeps the level as before. Such acci-\\ndental looking-down upon tlieir neiglibors does not, perhaps, ai-gue moral or\\nmaterial pre-eminence; but, for all that, there may be a shilling side. One\\nthing about these old liouses impressed me pleasantly; though many of them\\nwere guiltless of paint, and on some roofs mosses had begun to creep, and a\\nyellow rust to cover the cla])boards, there were few windows that did not\\nboast a goodly show of scarlet geraniums, fuchsias, or mignonnette, with ivy\\nclustering lovingly about the frames, making the dark old casements blos-\\nsom again, and glow with a wealth of warm color.\\nI was too well acquainted with maritime towns to be surprised at finding\\nfishing-boats, even of a few tons burden, a quarter of a mile from the water.\\nTliey might even be said to crop out with remarkable frequency. Some were\\ncovered with boughs, their winter protection others were being patched,\\npainted, or calked, preparatory for launching, with an assiduit)^ and solicitude\\nthat can only be a|)preciated by the owners of such craft. On the street that\\nskirts the harbor I saw a fisherman just landed enter his cottage, paying\\nout, as he went, from a coil of rope, one end being, I ascertained, fiistened to\\nhis wherry. I remember to have seen in Mexico the vaqueros, on alighting\\nfrom their mules, take from tlie pommel of their saddles some fathoms of\\nbraided hair-rope, called a lariat, and, on entering a shop or dwelling, uncoil\\nit as they went. The custom of these Marblehead fishermen seemed no less\\ningenious.\\nIn a sea-port my instinct is for the water. I have a predilection for the\\nwharves, and, though I could well enough dispense with their smells, for their\\nsights and sounds. The cross-ways in Marblehead seem in search of the\\nharl)or as they go wriggling al)out the ledges. I should say they Iiad been\\nformed on the ancient foot))aths leading down to the fishing stages. At the\\nhead of one pier, half iinbcMlded in the earth, was an oKl honey-combed cannon\\nthat looked as if it might have spoken a word in the dispute with the mother\\ncountry, but now played the part of a capstan, and truant boys were casting\\ndirt between its blistered lips. In lied Stone Cove there lay, stranded and\\nbroken in two, a long-boat, brought years ago fi om China, perhaps, on tlie deck\\nof some Indiamnn. Its buiM was outlandish; so unlike the wherries that\\nwere by, ja-t so like the crall that swim in the turbid Vang Tse. I took a\\nscat in it, and was carried to the land of pagodas, opium, and mandarins.\\nIts sheathing of cam] hoi wood still e.\\\\hale l the ])ungent odor of the aro-\\nmatic tree. On eitlicr (piartcr was paiutcd an enormous eye that seemed\\nto fi)ll()w you about the strand. In all tliese vtiyagcs some part of the Old\\nWorld seems to have drifted westward, and attached itself to the shores of\\nthe New. Here it was a Portugnt ^e from tlie Tagus, or a Spaniard of Ali-\\ncante elsewhere a Norwegian, Swede, or Finn, grafted on a strange clime\\nand way of life.\\nThe men I saw about the wharves, in woolen jumpers and heavy fish-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0252.jp2"}, "249": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n241\\ning boots, had the true guinea-stamp of the old Ironsides of the sea. To\\nsee those lumbering fishermen in the streets you would not think they could\\nbe so handy, or tread so lightly in a dory. I saw there an old foreign-looking\\nseaman, one of those fellows with short, bowed legs, drooping shoulders, con-\\ntracted eyelids, and hands dug in their pockets, Avho may be met with at all\\nhours of the day and night hulking about the quays of a shipping town.\\nThis man eyed the preparations of amateur boatmen with the contemptuous\\ncuriosity often vouchsafed by such personages iu the small affair of getting a\\npleasure-boat under way. One poor fellow, who kept a little shop where he\\ncould hear the wash of the tide on the loose pebbles of the cove, told me he\\ntuckek s wharf\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the steps.\\nhad lost his leg by the cable getting a turn round it. Though they have a\\nrough outside, these men have hearts. His skipper, he said, had put about,\\nthough it was a dead loss to him, and sailed a hundred miles to land his mu-\\ntilated shipmate.\\nHow did Marblehead look in the olden time? Its early history is allied\\nwith that of Salem, of which it formed a part until 1648. Francis Higginson,\\nwho came over in 1629, says, in that year, There are in all of us, both old\\nand new planters, about three hundred, whereof two hundred of them are set-\\ntled at Nehumkek, now called Salem and the rest have planted themselves\\nat Masathulets Bay, beginning to build a town there which wee do call\\n16", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0253.jp2"}, "250": {"fulltext": "242\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nCherton or Charles Town. His New England s Plantation is curious\\nreading. I have observed in my researches that these old divines are often\\nfond of drawing the long bow, a failing of which Higginson, one of the earliest,\\nseems conscious when he asks in his exordium, Shall such a man as I lye?\\nNo, verily\\nWilliam Wood, describing the place in 1633, says of it: 3Iarvil Head is\\na place which lyeth 4 miles full south from Salem, and is a very convenient\\nplace for a plantation, especially for such as will set upon the trade of fishing.\\nThere was made here a ship s loading of fish the last year, where still stand\\nthe stages and drying scaffolds. In 1635, the court order that there shalbe\\na Plantacion at Marblehead.\\nJohn Josselyn looked in here in 1663. Marvil, or Marblehead, he says,\\nGKEGOKY STREET.\\nIS a small liarbour, the shore\\nrockie, on whicli tlie town is\\nbuilt, consisting of a few scat-\\ntered houses liere tliey liave\\nstages for fisliermcn, orchards, and gardens half a mile within land, good pas-\\ntures, and arable land.\\nIt had now begun to emerge from the insignificance of a fishing village,\\nand to assume a place among the number of maritime towns. In 1606 a\\nFrench spy makes repoit Marvalet est compose de 100 ou 120 maisons\\npescheurs oh il pent cntrer de gros vaisseaux.\\nIn l70V- 8 IVIarbk liead was r( i)rosented to the Lords of Trade as a sniiig-\\nglino- port for Boston, for which it also liirnisluMl j)ilots. A few years earlier\\n(1704) (iuelch, the ])irate, liad been apprehended there, after liaving scattered\\nhis gold right and left. Jiut it was not until an order liad come from the\\nGovernor and Council at Boston that he was arrested, nor had there been a", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0254.jp2"}, "251": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD. 243\\nprovince law against piracy until within a few years. Seven of Quelch s\\ngang were taken by Major Stephen Sewall and tlie inhabitants of Marble-\\nhead were required to bring in the gold coin, melted down, and silver plate\\nthey had not been unwilling to receive.\\nIt was, no doubt, owing to the lawless habits introduced that the charac-\\nter of the sea-faring population jjartook of a certain wildness such as good\\nParson Barnard inveighs against manifesting itself in every-day transac-\\ntions, and infusing into the men an adventurous and reckless spirit which\\nfitted them in a measure for deeds of daring, and gave to the old sea-23ort no\\nsmall portion of the notoriety it enjoys.\\nMr. Barnard speaks of the earlier class of fishermen as a rude, swearing,\\nfighting, and drunken crew. The Rev. Mr. Whitwell, in his discourse on the\\ndisasters of 1 770, does not give them a better character. No wonder, he says,\\nthe children of such parents imitate their vices, and, when they return from\\ntheir voyages, have learned to curse and damn their younger brothers. He\\ncontinues to pour balm into their wounds in this wise We hope we shall hear\\nno more cursing or profaneness from your mouths Instead of spending\\nyour time in those unmanly games which disgrace our children in the streets,\\nwe trust you will be seriously concerned for the salvation of your souls.\\nAustin, in his Life of Elbridge Gerry, speaks of the fishermen as a sober\\nand industrious class; but the testimony of local historians is wholly opposed\\nto his assertion. They passed their winters in a round of reckless dissipa-\\ntion, or until the arrival of the fishing season set half the town afloat again.\\nIt was then left in the hands of the women, the elders, and a few merchants.\\nThere is much in the annals of such a community to furnish materials for his-\\ntory, or, on a lesser scale, hints for romance. Captain Goelet, who was here\\nin 1750, estimated the town to contain about four hundred and fifty houses.\\nThey were, he said, all wood and clapboarded, the generality miserable buildings, mostly close\\nin with the rocks, with rocky foundations very Cragy and Crasey. The whole towne is built\\nupon a rock, which is heigh and steep to the water. The harbour is sheltered by an island, which\\nruns along parallel to it and brakes off the sea. Vessells may ride here very safe there is a\\npath or way downe to the warf, which is but small, and on which is a large Ware House where\\nthey land their fish, etc. From this heigh Cliffty shore it took its name. I saw ab 5 topsail ves-\\nsels and ab 10 schooners or sloops in the harbour they had then ab 70 sail schooners a-fishing,\\nwith about 600 men and Boys imployd in the fishery they take vast quantitys Cod, which they\\ncure heere. Saw several thousand flakes then cui-eing. The place is noted for Children, and\\nNouriches the most of any place for its bigness in North America it s said the chief cause is attrib-\\nuted to their feeding on Cod s heads, etc., which is their Principall Dish. The greatest distaste a\\nperson has to this place is the stench of the fish, the whole air seems tainted with it. It may in\\nshort be said it s a Dirty Erregular, Stincking place.\\nA bill against piracy was ordered to be brought in March 1st, 1086 March 4th the bill passed.\\nThe first mention of Marblehead in the colony records I have seen is of two men fined there\\nfor being drunk, in the year 1G33.\\nNew England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1870, p. 57.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0255.jp2"}, "252": {"fulltext": "244 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe fortunes of the place were now greatly altered. The obscure fishing\\nvillage had become a bustling port, with rich cargoes from Spain and the\\nAntilles lying within its rock-bound shores. Ships were being built in the\\ncoves, and substantial mansions were going up in the streets in whose cel-\\nlars, as I have heard, were kegs of hard dollars, salted down, as one might say,\\nlike the staple of Marblehead.\\nJohn Adams, then a young lawyer on the circuit, enters in his diary, under\\ndate of 1766, the brief impression of a first visit to Marblehead:\\n14, Thursday. In the morning rode a single horse, in company with Mrs. Cranch and Mrs.\\nAdams, in a chaise to Marhlehead. The road from Salem to Marbleliead, four miles, is pleasant\\nindeed (so I found it). The grass plats and fields are delightful, but Marblehead diifers from Sa-\\nlem. The streets are narrow and rugged and dirty, but there are some very grand buildings.\\nAs John Adams saw it so does the stranger of to-day, ignoring such mod-\\nern improvements as railway, gas-works, telegraph, and factories, and sticking\\nclosely to the skirts of the old town.\\nI should say Marblehead might still assei-t its title to the number of chil-\\ndren it nourishes. Certainly they seemed out of all projiortion to the adult\\npopulation. Instinct guides them to the water from their birth, and they may\\nbe seen paddling about the harbor in stray wherries or clambering up the\\nrigging of some collier, in emulation of their elders. Even their talk has a\\nsalty flavor. I recollect an instance, which must lose by the relation. A\\nyoung scape-grace having incurred the maternal displeasure, and then taken\\nto his heels to escape chastisement, the good-wife gave chase, brandishing a\\nbroomstick aloft, and bi eathing vengeance on her umiatural offspring. Hav-\\ning the wind fair and a heavy spread of petticoat, she was rapidly gaining\\non the youngster, when a comrade, who was watching the progress of the\\nrace with a critical eye, bawled out, Try her on the wind. Bill; try her o?i\\nthe loind.\\nA sailor on shore is not unlike Napoleon s dismounted dragoon he is em-\\nphatically a fish out of water. One talked of making his hoi-se fast; an-\\nother complained that his neckerchief was tew taut; and a third could not\\nunderstand which way to move a boat until his companion called out, Haul\\nto the west ard, can t ye\\nIf not insular, your genuine Marbleheader is the next thing to it. The\\nrest of the world is merged with him into a place to sell his fish and buy his\\nsalt. Even Salem, Ueverly, and the ])arts adjacent draw but little on his sym-\\npathy or his fellowship: in short, they are not Marblehead. ]J)uring the Na-\\ntive American excitement of 18 the Marbleheaders entered into the move-\\nment with enthusiasm. A caucus being assembled to nominate town officers,\\none old fishei inan came into the town hall in his baize apron, just as he had\\ngot out of his dory. He glanced over the list of ofticers with an approving\\ngrunt at each name until he came to that of Squire Fabens. Now Squire\\nFabens, though a Salem man born, had lived a score of years iu Marblehead,", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0256.jp2"}, "253": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n245\\nhad married, and held office there. Turning wrathfully to the person who\\nhad given liiin the ticket, the fisherman tore it in pieces, exclaiming as he did\\nso, D ye call that a Native American ticket? Why, there s Squire Fabens\\non it he an t a Marbleheader\\nThough it is true there are few instances of the fatal straight line in Mar-\\nblehead, those who are native there are far from appreciating the impression\\nits narrow and crooked ways make on the stranger. They, at any rate, ap-\\npeared to find their Avay without the difficulty I at first experienced. I asked\\none I met if I was in the right route to the depot. Go straight ahead,\\nwas his injunction, a direction nothing but a round-shot from Fort Sewall\\ncould have followed. But I should add that IMarblehead is not a labyrinth,\\nany more than it is a field for mis-\\nsionary work: it has churches, banks,\\nschools, a newspaper, and even a de-\\nbating society and it has thorough-\\nfares that may be traversed without a\\nguide.\\nThe great man of Marblehead in\\nthe colonial day was Colonel Jeremiah\\nLee, whose still elegant mansion is to\\nbe seen there. Unlike many of the\\ngentry of his time, Colonel Lee was a\\nthorough-going patriot. He was, with\\nOrne and Gerry, a delegate to the first\\nand second Provincial Congresses of\\n1774. When the famous Revolution-\\nary Committee of Safety and Supplies\\nwas formed, he became and continued\\na member until his death in May, 1775.\\nColonel Lee was with the committee\\non the day before the battle of Lexington, and with Gerry and Orne remained\\nto pass the night at the Black Horse tavern in Menotomy, now Arlington.\\nWhen the British advance reached this house it was surrounded, the half-\\ndressed patriots having barely time to escape to a neighboring coin-field,\\nwhere they threw themselves upon the ground until the search was ov.er.\\nFrom the exposure incident to this adventure Lee got his death. His towns-\\nmen treasure his memory as one of the men who formed the Revolution,\\nbraved its dangers, and accepted its responsibilities. Colonel Lee was a\\nstanch churchman, which makes his adhesion to the patriot side the more\\nremarkable.\\nThere is nothing about the exterior of the Lee mansion to attract the\\nstranger s attention, though it cost the colonel, when furnished, ten thousand\\npounds sterling. As was customary, its offices were on one side and its sta-\\nLEE HOUSE.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0257.jp2"}, "254": {"fulltext": "246 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nbles on the other, with a court-yard paved with beach-pebble, in which the\\ndate of the liouse, 1768, may be traced. Entrance was gained on front and\\nside over massive freestone steps, that show the print of time to have pressed\\nmore heavily tlian human feet. The house, long since deserted by the family,\\nis now occupied as a bank.\\nOn entering the mansion of the Lees the visitor is struck with the expan-\\nsive area of the hall, which is six paces broad, and of corresponding depth.\\nAge has imparted a rich coloring to the mahogany wainscot and casing of\\nthe staircase. The balusters are curiously carved in many different patterns;\\nthe walls are still hung with their original paper, in panels representing Ro-\\nman or Grecian ruins, with trophies of arms, or implements of agriculture or\\nof the chase between. One panel represented a sea-fight of Blake and Van\\nTrorap s day. Some of them have been permanently disfigured by the use\\nof the hall, at one time, as a fish-market. In a corner, a trap-door led to tlie\\nold merchant s wine-cellar, which he thus kept under his own eye. It was\\nafter a visit to some such mansion that Daniel Webster asked, Did those\\nold fellows go to bed in a coach-and-four?\\nThe rooms opening at the right and left of the hall are worthy of it, espe-\\ncially the first named, which is wainscoted from floor to ceiling, and enriched\\nwith elaborate carving. Over the fire-place of this room was formerly a por-\\ntrait of Esther before Ahasuerus, beautifully painted on a panel. There is an\\nupper hall of ample size, from which open sleeping apartments with pictured\\ntiles, recessed windows, and panes that were the wonder of the town, in which\\nnone so large had been seen.\\nWould I had been here when the old colonel s slaves kept the antique\\nbrasses brightly polished, and stout logs crackled and snapped in the fire-\\nplaces, in the day of coffin-clocks, P^rench mirrors, and massive old plate, when\\nthe bowl of an-ack-punch stood on the sideboard, and Copley s portraits of\\nmaster and mistress graced the walls.* The painter has introduced the col-\\nonel in a brown velvet coat laced with gold, and full-bottomed wig. He was\\nshort in stature and rather j)ortly, with an open lace, thin nostril, and fine, in-\\ntelligent eye. The head is slightly thrown back, a device of the artist to add\\nheight to the figure. JNIadam Lee is in a satin overdress, with a pelisse of\\nermine negligently cast about her bare shoulders. She looks a stately lame,\\nwith her black eyes and self-possessed air, or as if she might have kept the\\ncolonel s house, slaves included, in ))erfect order.\\nWhen (n ueral Washington was making his triuniplial tour of the East-\\nern States, in 1789, he came to Marblehead. It was, he says, four miles out\\nI have seen tlie date of 17( nssigmnl for its buildiiig.\\nThink of Cojjlev painting tliese two canvases, eij^ht feet long hy five wide, and in liis best\\nmanner, for \u00c2\u00a32r)\\nTliese portraits are now in possession of Colonel William Kaymond Lee, of Boston.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0258.jp2"}, "255": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n247\\nof the way; Lut I wanted to see it, And so he turned aside to ride through\\nits rocky lanes, and look into the faces of the men who had followed him from\\nCambridge to Trenton, and from Trenton to Yorktown. How the sight of\\ntheir chief must\\nhave warmed the\\nhearts of those\\nvetei ans He jot-\\nted down in his\\ndiary very briefly\\nwhat he saw and\\nheard in Marble-\\nhead: About 5000\\nsouls are said to\\nbe in this yjlace, iif\\nwhich has the ap-\\npearance of antiq-\\nuity the houses\\nare old; the streets\\ndirty; and the\\ncommon people\\nnot very clean.\\nBefore we entered\\nthe town we were\\nmet and attended by a com e, till we were handed over to the Selectmen, who\\nconducted us, saluted by artillery, into the town to the house of a Mrs. Lee,\\nwhere there was a cold collation prepared after partaking of which, we vis-\\nited the harbor, etc. Lafayette, Monroe, and Jackson have been entertained\\nin the same house.\\nWhen the Revolutionary junto wished to organize its artillery, William\\nRaymond Lee was summoned to Cambridge to command one of the com-\\npanies. He was nephew to the old colonel, valiantly taking up the cause\\nwhere his uncle had laid it down. Afterward he served in Glover s regiment,\\npassing through all the grades from captain to colonel. Another nephew was\\nthat John Lee who, while in command of a privateer belonging to the Tracys,\\nwith a battery, part of iron and partly of wooden guns, captured a rich ves-\\nsel of superior force in the bay. Both the colonel s fighting nephews were\\nof Manchester, on Cape Ann.\\nThreading my way onward, I came upon the old Town-house, the Fanenil\\nHall of Marblehead, in which much treason was hatched when George HI.\\nwas king. The Whigs of Old Essex have often been heard there when grave\\nquestions were to be discussed, and the jarring atoms of society have oft been\\nsummoned greeting,\\nTo grand parading of town-meeting.\\nTOWN HOUSE AND SQUARE.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0259.jp2"}, "256": {"fulltext": "248\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nIn the old Town-house Judge Story went to school and was fitted for col-\\nlege; the substantial dwelling in which he was born being nearly opposite,\\nwith its best parlor become an apothecary s, under the sign of Goodwin. This\\nhouse was the dwelling of Dr. Elisha Story, of Revolutionary memory, and\\nthe birthplace of his son, the eminent jurist. The physicians of Dr. Story s\\ntime usually furnished their own medicines. In cocked hat and suit of rusty\\nblack, with saddle-bags and countenance sevei e, they were marked men in\\ntown or village. Since my visit to Marblehead the last of Dr. Story s eighteen\\nchildren, Miss Caroline Story, died at the age of eighty-five. The chief-justice,\\nher brother, was one of the most lovable of men, and was never, I believe,\\nashamed of the slight savor of the dialect that betrayed him native and to\\nthe manner born.\\nThe Episcopal church in Marblehead is one of its old landmarks, concur-\\nring fully, so far as outward appearance goes, in the prevailing mouldiness.\\nIt is not remarkable in any way except as an oddity in wood, with a square\\ntower of very mod-\\nvvUV^, :s=Stf^ est height sur-\\n_^ _ mounting a broad\\nand sloping roof.\\nAt a distance it is\\nscarcely to be dis-\\ntinguished in the\\nwooden chaos ris-\\ning on all sides;\\nand not long ago\\nits front was mask-\\ned by buildings, so\\nthat the entrance-\\ndoor could only be\\nreached by a wind-\\ning path. The par-\\nish has at length\\ncleared its ancient\\nglebe of intruders,\\nand the old church\\nis no longer jostled\\nby its dissenting\\nneighbors. Imnie-\\nST. MICllAi;i/S, MAUBLEHEAD. t i t\\ndiately adjommg\\nis a little church-yard, in which repose the ashes of former worshipers who\\nloved these old walls, ami would lie in their shadow.\\nSt. IMichael s, as originally built, must have been an antique gem. Ac-\\ncording to ilie account given me by the rector, it had seven gables, topped", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0260.jp2"}, "257": {"fulltext": "MAKBLEHEAD.\\n249\\nby a tower, from which sprung a shapely spire, with another on the north and\\none on the south side. The form of the building was a square, with entrances\\non the south and west. The aisles crossed each other at right angles the\\nceiling, supported by oaken columns, was in the form of a St, Andrew s cross.\\nThe present barren area of pine shingles was built above the old roof, which it\\nextinguished effectually. Cotton Mather he did not allude to the Church of\\nEngland styled the New England churches golden candlesticks, set up to illu-\\nminate the country; but what would he have said had he lived to see the Puri-\\ntan Thanksgiving and Fast gradually superseded by Christmas and by Easter?\\nThe interior of the old church well repays a visit. Its antiquities are\\nguarded as scrupulously as the old faith has been. Suspended from the ceil-\\ning is a chandelier, a wonderful affair in brass, the gift of a merchant of Bris-\\ntol, England. The little pulpit, successor to an earlier one of wine-glass pat-\\ntern, belongs to an era before the in-\\ntroduction of costly woods. Above the\\naltar is the Decalogue, in the ancient\\nlettering, done in England in 1714.\\nManifestly St. Michael s clings to its\\nrelics with greater affection than did\\nthat parish in the Old Country, which\\noffered its second-hand Ten Command-\\nments for sale, as it was going to buy\\nnew ones. In the organ-loft is a dimin-\\nutive instrument, going as far back as\\nthe day of Snetzler. Notwithstanding\\nthe disappearance of the cross from its\\npinnacle, and of the royal emblems from\\ntheir place (save the mark above the\\nDecalogue, St. Michael s remains to-day\\nan interesting memorial of Anglican\\nworship in the colonies. It was the third church in Massachusetts, and the\\nfourth in all New England, those of Boston, Newbury, and Newport alone\\nhaving preceded it.\\nThe names of famous people are perpetuated in the place of their birth in\\nmany ways. I noticed in Marblehead the streets bore the names of Selman,\\nTucker, Glover, etc. Academies, public halls, and engine-houses keep their\\nmemory green, or will do so until the era of snobbery ingulfs the place, and\\npulls the old signs down. Its future, I apprehend, is to become a summer re-\\nsort. When that period of intermittent prosperity shall have set in in full\\ntide, it will be difficult, if not impossible, to preserve the peculiar quaintness\\nwhich now makes Marblehead the embodiment of the old New England life.\\nElbridge Gerry was born in Marblehead. He was of middle stature, thin,\\nof courteous, old-school manners, and gentlemanly address. He has the name\\nELBRIDGE GEKRY.", "height": "3160", "width": "2136", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0261.jp2"}, "258": {"fulltext": "250\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof a strong parti-\\nsan, and of stand-\\ning godfather to\\nthe geograpliical\\nmonstrosity called\\nthe Gerrymander,\\nwhich has ad Jed a\\nword to our political vocabulary.\\nA more eifective party caricature\\nhas never appeared in America. It\\nis admitted it has given its author\\na notoriety that has somewhat ob-\\nscured eminent public service, and\\nmade his name a by-word for polit-\\nical chicanei y.\\nThose who believe tlie worst\\nphases of political controversy have\\nbeen reserved to our own time would\\ndo well to read the history of the\\nadministrations of Washington, Ad-\\nams, and Jefferson, whom we are ac-\\ncustomed to name with reverence as\\nthe fathers of the republic, yet who,\\nwhile in office, were the objects of as\\nmuch personal malignity and abuse as their successors have received. Mr.\\nGerry was invited to take a seat in the Massachusetts Convention when the\\nconstitution of 1787 was under consideration, in order that that body might\\nhave the benefit of his conceded sagacity and knowledge of affairs. He op-\\nposed the adoption of the constitution before the Convention. At heart iNIr.\\nGerry was an undoubted patriot. Once, when he believed himself dying, he re-\\nmarked that if he had but one day to live it should be devoted to his country.\\nElbridge (ierry was destined for the practice of medicine, but engaged in\\nmercantile pursuits instead; having acquired a comjietency at the time of the\\nbeginning of the Revolution, he was free to take part in the struggle. He\\nheld many important offices, and liis public career, full of the incidents of\\nstirring times, was marked also by some eccentricities. Mr. Gerry, as early\\nas November, 177.5, introduced a bill into the Provincial Congress for the\\nfitting-out of armed vessels by ^Massaclnisetts. In tlie direction of inaugu-\\nrating warfare with England at sea, he was, without doubt, the pioneer.\\nIt is not settled who is entitled to tlie nutliorship of tlie word Gemmnnder, for which a\\nnumber of clitiniants liavo npijcnred. The innp of Essex, whidi gave rise to the oaricatiire, was\\ndrawn by Nathan Hale, who edited tlic Boston Weeklij Messenger, in which the political deformity\\nfirst appeared.\\nXnE GEUUVMANDER.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0262.jp2"}, "259": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n251\\nThe number\\nof naval heroes\\nwhom Marble-\\nhead may claim\\nas her own is\\nsomething sur-\\nprising. There\\nwere Jolin Sel-\\nman and Nicho-\\nlas Broughton,\\nwho sailed in two\\narmed schooners\\nfrom Beverly, as\\nearly as Octobei\\n1775, with in-\\nstructions from\\nWashington to\\nintercept, if pos-\\nsible, some of the\\nenemy s vessels in\\nthe Gulf of St.\\nLawrence, Fail-\\ning in this objectj\\nthey landed at\\nSt. John s, now\\nPrince Edward\\nIsland, captured\\nthe fort, and\\nold north congregational church.\\nbrought off a number of provincial dignitaries of rank. Washington, who\\nwanted powder, and not prisoners, was not well pleased with the result of\\nthis expedition, as he held it impolitic then to embroil the i-evolted colonies\\nwith Canada. Much was expected of the hereditary antipathy of the French\\nCanadians for their English rulers, but in this respect the general s policy\\nwas founded in a mistaken judgment of those people.\\nCommodore Manly, to whom John Adams says the first British flag was\\nstruck, was either native born, or came in very early life to Marblehead. He\\nwas placed in command of the first cruiser that sailed with a regular com-\\nmission from Washington, in 1775, signalizing his advent in the bay in the\\nLee a schooner mounting only four guns by the capture of a British vessel\\nladen with military stores, of the utmost value to the Americans besieging\\nBoston. When this windfiill was reported to Congress, the members be-\\nlieved Divine Providence had interposed in their favor. Our officers de-\\nclared their wants could not have been better supplied if they had themselves", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0263.jp2"}, "260": {"fulltext": "252\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsent a schedule of niilitavy stores to Woolwich Arsenal. So apprehensive was\\nthe general that his prize might slip through his lingers, that all the carts to\\nbe obtained in the vicinity of Cape Ann were impressed, in order to bring the\\ncargo to camp. Manly died in Boston, in lYOS, in circumstances nearly allied\\nto destitution. He was, says one who knew him well, a handy, hearty, hon-\\nest, benevolent, blunt man, with more courage than good conduct.\\nAnother of these old sea-dogs was Commodore Samuel Tucker, the son of\\na ship-master. The old\\nhouse in which he was\\nborn was standing on\\nRowland Hill, (I do not\\nknow that he of Surrey\\nChapel had any thing to\\ndo with the name in\\njMarblehead.) It was be-\\nfore the door of this house\\nthat Tucker, in his shirt-\\nsleeves, was chopping\\nwood one evening, just\\nat dusk, when a finely\\nmounted officer clattered\\ndown the street. Seeing\\nTucker, the officer asked\\nif he could inform him\\nwhere the Honorable\\nSamuel Tucker resided.\\nTucker, astonished at the\\nquestion, answered in the\\nnegative, saying, There\\nis ho such man lives here;\\nthere is no other Sara\\nAt this reply, the officer raised his beaver,\\nand, bowing low, presented him a commission in the navy.\\nTucker, in 1778, was taking John Adams to France in the old frigate Bos-\\nton,^ when ho fell in with an enemy. While clearing his decks for action he\\nespied Mr. Adams, musket in hand, among the marines. Laying a hand on\\nthe commissioner s shoulder. Tucker said to him, I am commanded by the\\nContinental Congress to carry you safely to Europe, and I will do it, at the\\nsame time conducting him below.\\nThe brave Captain Mugford, whose exjiloit in capturing a vessel laden with\\nbAMUEL TUCKliK.\\nTucker in this town but myself\\nTlie old frigate Boston was captaved at Cliarleston in 1780 by the British. In 1S04 Tom\\nMoore went over to England in lier, slie being tlicn commanded by Captain J, E. Douglas.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0264.jp2"}, "261": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n253\\npowder in Boston Harbor, in May, 1776, proved of inestimable value, was also\\nan inhabitant of Marblehead. Like Selman and Broughton, be bad been a\\ncaptain in the famous Marblehead regiment, and his crew were volunteers\\nfrom it. The year previous, Mugford, with others, had been impressed on\\nboard a British vessel, the Lively, then stationed at Marblehead. Mugford s\\nwife, on hearing what had befallen her husband, went off to the frigate and\\ninterceded with the captain for his release, alleging that they were just raai\\nried, and that he was her sole dependence for support. The Englishman, very\\ngenerously, restored Mugford his liberty.\\nThe Trevetts, father and son, were little less distinguished than any al-\\nready named, adding to the high renown of Marblehead, both in the Old War\\nand in the later contest with England.\\nGlover and his regiment conferred lasting honor on this old town by the\\nsea. As soon as it had been deter-\\nmined to fit out armed vessels, Wash-\\nington intrusted the details to Glover,\\nand ordered the regiment to Beverly,\\nwhere these amphibians first equipped\\nand then manned the privateers. The\\nregiment signalized itself at Long Isl-\\nand and at Trenton, and ought to have\\na monument on the highest point of\\nland in Marblehead, with the names of\\nits heroes inscribed in bronze. Gen-\\neral Glover was long an invalid from\\nthe effects of disease contracted in the\\narray, dying in 1797. He had been a\\nshoe-maker, and is, I imagine, the per-\\nson referred to in the following ex-\\ntract from the memoirs of Madame\\nRiedesel\\nSome of the generals who accompanied us were shoe-makers; and upon\\ntheir halting days they made boots for our ofiicers, and also mended nicely\\nthe shoes of our soldiers. One of our ofiicers had worn his boots entirely into\\nshreds. He saw that an American general had on a good pair, and said to\\nhim, jestingly, I will gladly give you a guinea for them. Immediately the\\ngeneral alighted from his horse, took the guinea, gave up his boots, and put\\non the badly-worn ones of the ofticer, and again mounted his horse. Gen-\\neral Glover s house is still standing on Glover Square. I made, as every\\nbody must make, in Marblehead, a pilgrimage to Oakum Bay, a classic pre-\\ncinct, and to the humble abode of Benjamin Ireson, wliom Whittier has made\\nGENERAL GLOVER.\\nWilliam P.Upham, of Salem, has written a memoir of Glover.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0265.jp2"}, "262": {"fulltext": "254 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nimiuortal. Questionless the poet has done more to make Marblehead known\\nthan all the historians and magazine-writers put together, though the notori-\\nety is little relished there. The facts were sufficiently dramatic as they ex-\\nisted but Mr. Whittier has taken a poet s license, and ai-ranged them to his\\nfancy. Old Flood Ireson suffered in the flesh, and his memory has been pil-\\nloried in verse for a crime he did not commit. Nevertheless, I doubt that\\nthe people of Marblehead forget that Pegasus has wings, and can no more\\namble at the historian s slow place than he can thrive on bran and water.\\nIt is not many years since Ireson was alive, broken in spirit under the ob-\\nloquy of his hideous ride. Later in life he followed shore-fishing, and was\\nonce blown off to sea, where he was providentially picked up by a coaster\\nbound to some Eastern port. I do not think he could have declared his\\nright name, for sailors are superstitious folk, and he would have been account-\\ned a Jonah in any ship that sailed these seas. His wherry having been cut\\nadrift, was found, and Old Flood Ireson was believed to have gone to the bot-\\ntom of the bay, when, to the genuine astonishment of his townsmen, he ap-\\npeared one day plodding wearily along the streets. Some charitable souls\\ngave him another wherry, but the boys followed the old man about as he\\ncried his fish with their cruel shouts of,\\nI, Flood Ireson, for leaving a wrack,\\nWas blowed out to sea, and couldn t get back.\\nThere is book authority for the terrible aspect of the vengeance of the\\nfish-wives of Marblehead, so picturesquely portrayed in the poet s lines. In-\\ncrease Mather, in a letter to Mr. Cotton, 23d of Fifth month, 1677, mentions\\nan instance of rage against two Eastern Indians, then prisoners at Marble-\\nhead Sabbath-day was sennight, the women at Marblehead, as they came\\nout of the meeting-Jiouse, fell upon two Indians that were brought in as cap-\\ntives, and, in a tumultuous way, very barbarously murdered them. Doubt-\\nless, if the Indians hear of it, the captives among them will be served accord-\\ningly. This episode recalls the rage of the fish-women of Paris during the\\nReign of Terror, those unsexcd and pitiless viragos of La Halle.\\nI could discover little of the old Marblehead dialect, once so distinctive\\nthat even the better class were not free from it. It is true a few old people\\nstill retain in their conversation the savor of it but it is dying out. Your\\nti ue Marbleheader would say, barn in a burn for born in a bain. His\\nspeech was thick and guttuial only an occasional word falling familiarly\\non the unaccustomed car. All the world over he was known so soon as he\\nopened his moutli. The idiom may have been the outgrowth of the j)l:ice, or\\nperchance a reminiscence of the si)eech of old-time fishermen, grounded, as I\\napprehend, more in the long custom of an illiterate people than any supposed\\nrelationshij) with our Kuglish inothei--tongue. AVhittier was acquainted with\\nthe jargon, and tiie question is open to the philologist.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0266.jp2"}, "263": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n255\\nThere is a legend about the cove near Ireson s of a screeching woman\\ndone to death by pirates a century and a half or more past a shadowy me-\\nmorial of the fact of tlieir presence here so long ago. They brought her on\\nshore from their ship, and murdered her. On each anniversary of her death,\\nsays the legend, the town was thrilled to its marrow by the unearthly out-\\ncries of the pirates victim. Many believed the story, while not a few had\\nlieard the screams. Chief-justice Story was among those who asserted that\\nthey had listened to those midnight cries of fear.\\nPassing over the causeway and under the gate-way of Fort Sewall, said to\\nhave been named from\\nChief -justice Steplien\\nSewall, Avho once\\ntaught school in Mar-\\nblehead, I entered the\\nspacious parade, on\\nwhich a full regiment\\nmight easily be form-\\ned. The fort was\\nbuilt about 1742, and\\nuntil what was so long-\\nknown as the late\\nwar with England,\\nremained substantial-\\nly in its original pic-\\nturesque condition. A\\nvery old man, whom I\\nencountered on my way hither, bemoaned the demolition of the old work,\\nwhich had been pulled to pieces and made more destructive during the Great\\nCivil War. The walls were originally of rough stone, little capable of with-\\nstanding the projectiles of modern artillery. There is another fort on the\\nsummit of a rocky eminence that overlooks the approach to the Neck, built\\nalso during the Rebellion. When I visited it, the earthen walls of one face\\nhad fallen in the ditch, where the remainder of the work bid fair, at no dis-\\ntant day, to follow. There is still remaining in the town the quaint little\\npowder-house built in 1755, with a roof like the cup of an acorn.\\nSeated under the muzzle of one of the big guns of Fort Sewall that point-\\ned seaward, I could descry Baker s Isle with its brace of lights, and the nar-\\nrow strait through which the Abigail sailed in 1628, with Endicott and the\\nfounders of Salem on board. Two years later the Arabella came to an an-\\nchor a little within the island. Winthrop tells us how the storm-tossed voy-\\nagers went upon the land at Cape Ann, and regaled themselves with store of\\nFOliT SEWALL.\\nSon of Major Stephen, of Newbury.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0267.jp2"}, "264": {"fulltext": "256\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nStrawberries. Boston was settled. The little colony gave its left hand to\\nSalem, and its right to Plymouth. It waxed strong, and no power has pre-\\nvailed against it.\\nLittle Harbor, north-west of the fort, is the reputed site of the first settle-\\nment at Marblehead. On Gerry s Isl-\\n^i^ =^L^^ Q.nd, which lies close under the shore,\\nwas the house of the first regularly or-\\ndained minister; the cellar and pebble-\\npaved yard were, not long ago, identi-\\nfied. Near by, on the main-land, is the\\nsupposed site of the Fountain Inn,\\nwhich, like the Earl of Halifax, lias\\nits romance of a noble gentleman taken\\nin the toils of a pretty wench. Sir\\nCharles Frankland, collector of his Maj-\\nesty s customs, visits Marblehead, and\\nbecomes enamored of the handmaid of\\nthe inn, Agnes Snrriage. He makes her\\nhis mistress, but at length, having saved\\nhis life during the great earthquake at\\nLisbon, she i-eceives the reward of love\\nand heroism at the altar as the bai onet s\\nwedded wife. Arthur Sandeyn, who\\nwas the first publican in Marblehead,\\nwas allowed to keep an ordinary there in 1G40. The port was fortified after\\nsome fashion as early as 1643- 44.\\nI had pointed out to me the spot Avhere the Constitution dropped anchor\\nwhen chased in here by two British frigates in April, 1814. They threatened\\nfor a time to fetch her out again; but as Stewart laid the old invincible with\\nher grim broadside to the entrance of the port, and the fort prepared to re-\\nceive them in a becoming manner, they prudently hauled ott*. The battle\\nbetween the Chesapeake and Shannon was also visible from tlie high shores\\nhere, an eye-witness, then in a fishing -boat oflT in the bay, relating that\\nnothing was to be seen except tlie two sliips enveloped in a thick smoke,\\nand nothing to be heard but the roar of the guns. When the smoke drifted\\nto leeward, and the cannonade was over, the British ensign was seen waving\\nabove the Stars and Stripes.\\n]\\\\)or, chivalric, ill-starred Lawrence! He liad given a challenge to the\\ncommander of the lionne Citoyen^ and durst not decline one. At the Shan-\\nPOWDER-HOUSE, 1755.\\nSee Old Landmarks of Boston, pp. 102, 1(5:$.\\nIt has been erroneously stated tliat Hainl)iid{^e accomi)anied Lawrence to the pier and tried to\\ndissuade him from engajiing the Shannon. They liad not met for several days.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0268.jp2"}, "265": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD.\\n257\\nnoil s invitation, he put to sea with an unlucky ship, and a mutinous crew\\nfi-esh from the grog-shops and brothels of Ann Street. He besought them in\\nburning words to show themselves worthy the name of American sailors.\\nThey replied with sullen murmurs. One wretch, a Portuguese named Joseph\\nAntonio, came forward as their spokesman. His appearance was singularlv\\nfantastic. He wore a checked shirt, a laced jacket, rings in his ears, and a\\nbandana handkerchief about his head. Laying his hand on his breast, he\\nmade a profound inclination to his captain as he said\\nPardon me, sir, but fair play be one jewel all over the world, and we no\\ntouchee the specie for our last cruise with Capitaine Evans. The Congress is\\nver munificent they keep our piasters in treasury, and pay us grape and\\ncanister. Good fashion in Portuguee ship, when take rich prize is not pay\\npoco 2^:\u00c2\u00bboco, but break bulk and share out dollar on drum-head of capstan.\\nAlready wounded in the leg, Lawrence was struck by a grape-shot on the\\nmedal he wore in honor of his former victory. His words, as he was borne\\nfrom the deck, have become a watchword in our navy. Samuel Livermore,\\nof Boston, who accompanied Lawrence on this cruise out of personal regard,\\nattempted to avenge him. His shot missed Captain Broke. Lawrence hear-\\ning from below the firing cease, sent his surgeon to tell his officers to fight on.\\nThe colors shall wave while Hive!\\nhe constantly repeated. He was only\\nthirty-four; sixteen years of his life\\nhad been passed in his country s serv-\\nice. His figure was tall and com-\\nmanding, and in battle he was the in-\\ncarnation of a warrior.\\nWhen Mr. Croker read the state-\\nment of the action in the House of\\nCommons, the members from all parts\\ninterrupted him with loud and con-\\ntinued cheering. Perhaps a greater ^^Sjj^ Zitt^^^^ ^KK^^^^\\ncompliment to American valor could\\nnot have been paid than this. The\\ncapture of a single ship of any nation\\nhad never before called forth such a\\ntriumphant outburst.\\nm, T T,r JAMES LAWRENCE.\\nIne oldest burial-ground in Mar-\\nblehead is on the summit and slopes of the highest of its rocky eminences.\\nHere, also, the settlers raised the frame of their primitive cliurch some part\\nThis fact was established by Geoffrey Crayon (Washington Irving) in one of his philippics\\nagainst Great Britain, of which he so slyly concealed the authorship in the preface to his Sketch\\nBook. Don t give up the ship.\\n17", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0269.jp2"}, "266": {"fulltext": "258\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof which, I was told, has since been translated into a move secular edifice. At\\nthe head of a little pond, where a clump of dwarfish willows has become\\nrooted, is a sheltered nook, in which are the oldest stones now to be seen.\\nThis was probably the choice spot of the whole field, but it now wears the\\nsame air of neglect common to all these old cemeteries. A stone of 1690\\nwith the name of Mr. Christopher Latimore, about 70 years, was tlie oldest\\nI discovered.\\nAs I picked my way among the thick-set head-stones, for there was no path,\\nand I always avoid treading on a grave, I came upon a grave-digger busily\\nemployed, with whom I lield a few moments parley. The man, already up to\\nhis waistband in the pit, seemed chiefly concerned lest he should not be able\\nto go much farther before coming to the ledge, which, even in the hollow\\nplaces, you are sure of finding at no great dej^th. On one side of the grave\\nwas a heap of yellow mould, smelling of the earth earthy, and on the other\\nside a lesser one of human bones, that the spade had once more brought above\\noround.\\nGLIMPSE OF THE SEAMEN S MONUMENT AND OLD BURIAL-GROUND.\\nAfter observing that he should be lucky to get down six feet, the work-\\nman told me the grave was destined to receive the remains of an old\\nlady of ninety-four, recently deceased, who, as if ieai-ful her rest might be\\nloss quiet in the midst of a generation to which she did not belong, had\\nbegged she might be buried liere among her old friends and neighbors. Al-\\nthough interments had long been interdicted in the overcrowded ground, her\\nprayer was granted. An examination of the inscri|)tions confirmed what I\\nhad heard relative to the longevity of the inhabitants of Marblehead, of which\\nthe grave-digger also recounted more instances than I am able to remember.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0270.jp2"}, "267": {"fulltext": "MARBLEHEAD. 259\\nI asked him what was done with the bones I saw lying there, adding to\\nthe heap a fragment or two that had fallen unnoticed from his spade.\\nWh)^, you see, I bury them underneath the grave I am digging, before\\nthe folks get here. We often find such bones on the surface, where they have\\nbeen left after filling up a grave, was his reply. This did not appear sur-\\nprising, for those I saw were nearly the color of the earth itself. Seeing my\\nlook directed with a sort of fascination toward these relics of frail mortality,\\nthe man, evidently misconstruing my thought, took up an arm-bone with play-\\nful familiarity, and observed, You should have seen tlie thigh-bone I found\\nunder the old Episcopal Church I could have knocked a man down with\\nit easy. These, he said, throwing the bone upon the heap, with a gesture of\\ncontempt, are mere roften things. Who would be put to bed with that\\nman s shovel\\nOn a grassy knoll, on the brow of the hill, is a marble monument erected\\nby the Marblehead Charitable Seamen s Society, in memory of its members\\ndeceased on shore and at sea. On one face are the names of those who have\\ndied on shore, and on the east those lost at sea, from the society s institution\\nin 1831 to the year 1848. On the north are the names of sixty-five men and\\nboys lost in the memorable gale of September 19th, 1846. This number com-\\nprised forty-three heads of families as many widows, and one hundred and\\nfifty-five fatherless children, were left to mourn the fatality.\\nThe grave-digger told me that brave Captain Mugford had been buried\\non this hill, but the spot was now unknown. I could well believe it, for nev-\\ner had I seen so many graves with nothing more than a shapeless boulder at\\nthe head and foot to mark them. Many stones were broken and defaced, and\\nI saw the fragments of one unearthed while standing by. There is no mate-\\nrial so durable as the old blue slate, whereon you may often read an inscrip-\\ntion cut two hundred years ago, while those on freestone and marble need\\nrenewing every fifty years. General Glover s tomb here is inscribed:\\nErected with filial respect\\nto\\nThe Memory of\\nThe Hon. JOHN GLOVER, Esquire,\\nBrigadier General in the late Continental Army.\\nDied January 30th, 1797,\\nAged 64.\\nMany of the old graves were covered with freshU springing life-everlast-\\ning, beautifully symbolizing the rest of such as sleep in the faith. From the\\nSeamen s Monument, at the foot of which some wooden benches are placed,\\nis seen a broad horizon, dotted with white sails. I never knew a sailor who\\ndid not wish to be buried as near as possible to the sea, though never in it.\\nDon t throw me overboard. Hardy, was Nelson s dying request. There\\nare clumps of lone graves on the verge of some headland all over New En-", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0271.jp2"}, "268": {"fulltext": "260\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nLONE GRAVES.\\ngland, and one old grave-yavd on Stage\\nIsland, in Maine, has been wholly wash-\\ned away.\\nIn allusion to the loss of life caused\\nby disasters to the fishing fleets from\\ntime to time, an old man Avith whom\\nI talked thought it was not greater\\nthan would occur through the ordina-\\nry cliances of a life on shore. It is\\nwonderful how a sea-faring population\\ncome to associate the idea of safety\\nwith the sea. Earthquakes, confla-\\ngrations, falling buildings, and like ac-\\ncidents are more dreaded than hurri-\\ncanes, squalls, or a lee-shore.\\nBy an estimate taken from the Essex G^a^eWe, of January 2d, 1770, it ap-\\npears that in the two preceding years Marblehead lost twenty-three sail of\\nvessels, with their\\ncrews, number-\\ning one hundred\\nand sixt} two\\nsouls,witliout tak-\\ning into account\\nthose who wei-e\\nlost from vessels\\non their return.\\nThere were few\\nfamilies that did\\nnot mourn a rela-\\ntive, and some of\\nthe older inhabit-\\nants remember to\\nhave heard their\\nelders speak of it\\nwitli a sliudder.\\nThese arc the\\nannalsthatdoubt-\\nIcss suggested\\nMiss Larcom s\\nHannah Bind-\\nSITTINO, STITCUINO IN A MOUKNFUL MUSE.\\ning Shoos, and the long, lingering, yet fi-uitless watching for tliose who nev-\\ner come back. Tlie last sliake of tlie liand, the last kiss, and the last flashing\\nof tlie white sail are much like tlie iarewell on the day of battle.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0272.jp2"}, "269": {"fulltext": "THE HOE, ENGLISH PLTMODTH.\\nCHAPTER XVIL\\nPLYMOUTH.\\nWhat constitutes a state?\\nNot high raised battlements or labored mound,\\nThick walls or moated gate.\\nPLYMOUTH is the American Mecca. It does not contain the tomb of\\nthe Prophet, but the Rock of the Forefixthers, their traditions, and their\\ngraves. The first impressions of a stranger are disappointing, for the oldest\\ntown in New England looks as fresh as if built within the century. There is\\nnot much that is suggestive of the old life cO be seen there. Except the hills,\\nthe haven, and the sea, there is nothing antique .save a few carefully cher-\\nished relics, nothing that has survived the day of the Pilgrims.\\nSomehow monuments and Plymouth is to be well furnished in the future\\ndo not compensate for the absence of living facts. The house of William\\nBradford would have been worth more to me than any of them. Even the\\nrusty iron pot and sword of Standish are more satisfying to the common run\\nof us than the shaft they are building on Captain s Hill to his memory. They,", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0273.jp2"}, "270": {"fulltext": "262\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nat least, link us to the personality of the man. And with a sigh that it was\\nso for I had hoped otherwise I was obliged to admit that Old Plymouth\\nhad been rubbed out,\\nand that I was too late\\nby a century at least to\\nrealize my ideal.\\nThe most impressive\\nthing about Plymouth\\nis its quiet; though I\\nwould not have the\\nreader think it deserted.\\nThere are workshops\\nand factories, but I did\\nnot suspect their vicin-\\nity. Even the railway\\ntrain slips furtively in\\nand out, as if its rum-\\nbling might awaken\\nthe slumbering old sea-\\nport. Although the\\nfoundation of a com-\\nmonwealth, the town,\\nas we see, has not be-\\ncome one of the cen-\\ntres of traffic. It has\\nTTM. r, T,, *u T^ 1 J Txr ,1 sliarcd the fate of Sa-\\nA, Joanna Davis House Cole s Hill; B, Plymouth Rock and Wells s\\nStore; C, Universalist Chui-ch A First Church; Church of the Pil- Icm, in having itS COm-\\ngrimage; F, Post-office\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Site of Governor Bradford s House; G, S;\\\\m- u-jercjal marrOW RUcked\\nuel D.Holmes s House\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Site of Common House; Town Square; i- u\\nTown-house J, Court-house Square. OUt by a metropolis op-\\n1, Court Street; 2, North Street; 3, Middle Street; 4, Leyden Street; 5, ulent enlarged and Still\\nMain Street 6, Water Street 7, Market Street. i\\nincreasing, leaving the\\nfirst-born of New England nothing but her glorious ])ast, and the old fires\\nstill burning on her altars.\\nCourt Street is a pleasant and well-built thoroughfai c. It runs along the\\nbase of three of the hills on whose slopes the town lies, taking at length the\\nname of ^Fain, which it exchanges again beyond the town square for Alarket\\nStreet. If you follow Court Street northwardly, you will find it merging in\\na country road that will conduct you to Kingston if you ])ursue it with your\\nface to the south, you will in due time arrive at Sandwich. Trees, of which\\nthere is a variety, are the gloi-y of Court Street. I saw in some streets mag-\\nnificent lindens, horse-chestnuts, and elms branching quite across them; and\\nin the areas such early fiowering shrubs as forsythia, spiraea, pyrus japonica,\\nand lilac.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0274.jp2"}, "271": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH.\\n263\\nMany houses are old, but there are none left of the originals nor any so\\npeculiar as to demand description. On some of the most venerable the cliini-\\nneys are masterpieces of masonry, showing curious designs, or, in some in-\\nstances, a stack of angular projections. The chimney of Governor Bradford s\\nhouse is said to have been furnished with a sun-dial.\\nPILGRIM HALL.\\nPursuing your way along Court Street, you will first reach Pilgrim Hall,\\na structure of rough granite, in the style of a Greek temple, the prevailing\\ntaste in New England fifty years ago for all public and even for private\\nbuildings. Within are collected many souvenirs of the Pilgrims, and of the\\ntribes inhabiting the Old Colony. Lying\\nin the grass-plot before the hall is a frag- f\\nment of Forefathers Rock, surrounded by (r\\na circular iron fence, and labeled in figures\\noccupying the larger part of its surface,\\nwith the date of 1620. In this place it be-\\ncame nothing but a vulgar stone, I did\\nnot feel my pulses at all quickened on be-\\nholding it.\\nOne end of the hall is occupied by the\\nBREWSTER S CHEST, AND STANDISU S POT.\\nwell-known painting of the Landing of the Pilgrims, by Sargent. To height-\\nen the effect, the artist has introduced an Indian in the foreground, an historic\\nanachronism. A tall, soldierly figure is designated as Miles Standish, who is\\nreported as being short, and scarce manly in appearance. The canvas is oi\\nlarge size, and the grouping does not lack merit, but its interest is made to", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0275.jp2"}, "272": {"fulltext": "264\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndepend on the figures of Governor Carver and of Samoset, in the foregroi;nd\\nboth larger than life. We do not recognize, in the crouching attitude of\\nthe Indian, the erect and dauntless Samoset portrayed by Mourt, Bradford,\\nand Winslow. This painting, which must have cost the artist great labor,\\nwas generously presented to the Pilgrim Society. I have seen a painting\\nof the Landing in which a boat is represented approaching the shore,\\nfilled with soldiers in red coats. The late Professor Morse also made it the\\nsubject of his pencil.\\nf^\\nLA-NDINC. OF THE PILGUIMS, FKOM SARGENT S PAINTING.\\nThere are on the walls portraits of Governor Edward Winslow, Governor\\nJosiah Wiiish w and wife, and of General John Winslow, all copies of origi-\\nnals in tlie gallery of the JMassachusetts Historical Society. The original of\\nEdward Winsh)w is believed to be a Vandyke. There is also a portrait of\\nlion. John Trumbull, presented by Colonel John, the painter.\\nIn possession of New Eiij;1ancl Historic Genealogical Society, Boston. It is by Conic, a ma-\\nrine painter of some repute in iiis ilay.\\nOtlier ])()rtraits are of Dr. James Tliaciicr, by Frotliingham, and of John Alden, great-grand-\\nson of Jolin, of tlie M(ii/_/l m-cr, who died at tlie great age of one hundred and two years. He was\\nof Middleborougli. Dr. Thncher, a surgeon of the old Continental army, deserves more space than\\nI am able to give him. He has embodied a great deal of Revolutionary history, in a very interest-\\ning way, in his Military Journal, iiaving been present at the principal battles.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0276.jp2"}, "273": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH.\\n265\\nThe cabinets contain many interesting meniorials of the first settlers, their\\narms, implements, household furniture, and api^arel. I refer the reader to the\\ncakvek s chair.\\nbeewstek s chair.\\nMINCING KNIFE.\\nguide-books for an enumeration of them. The chairs of Governor Carver and\\nof Elder Brewster are good specimens of the uncomfortable yet quaint fur-\\nnishing of their time; as the capacious iron pots, pewter\\nplatters, and wooden trenchers are suggestive of a primi-\\ntive people, whose town was a camp. I fancy there Avere\\nfew breakages among the dishes of these Pilgrims, for they\\nwere as hard as their owners; nor were there serious de-\\nductions to be made from the maids wages on the day of\\nreckoning. I confess I should have liked to see here, in-\\nstead of the somewhat confusing jumble of articles pertaining to Pilgrim or\\nIndian, an apartment exclusively de-\\nTP^ ?*^\u00c2\u00abWWWIBMr voted to the household economy of\\nthe first- comers, with furniture suita-\\nbly arranged, and the evidences of\\ntheir frugal housewifery garnishing the\\nwalls.\\nMany of the articles said to have\\nbeen brought over in the Mayflower\\nare doubtless authentic, but the num-\\nber of objects still existing and claim-\\ning some part of the immortality of\\nthat little bark would freight an India-\\nman of good tonnage. There is a still pretty sampler, embroidered by the\\nspider fingers of a Puritan maiden, with a sentiment worth the copying by\\nany fair damsel in the land\\nPEREGRINE WHITE S CABINET.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0277.jp2"}, "274": {"fulltext": "266\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nLorea Standish is my name.\\nLord, guide my hart that I may doe thy will\\nAlso fill my hands with such convenient skill\\nAs may conduce to virtue void of shame\\nAnd I will give the glory to thy name.\\nAnd here is the carnal weapon of JNIiles Standish, the living sword-blade\\nof the colony. It lacks not much of an English ell from\\nliilt to point, and looks still able to push its way in the\\nworld if well grasped. The weapon has a brass cross and\\nguard, and resembles those trenchant Florentine blades\\nof the sixteenth century, with its channels, curved point,\\nand fine temper. The sword figures in Mr. Longfellow s\\nCourtship of Miles Standish, where we may hear it\\nclank at the captain s heels as he goes from his wrathful\\ninterview Avith John Alden, slamming the door after him,\\nno doubt, like the tempestuous little tea-pot he was. The\\ninscription on the blade has baflied the savcms. For such\\na hot-tempered captain it should have been that engraved\\non the Earl of Shrewsbury s sword,\\nI am Talbot s, for to slay his foes.\\nIt could hardly have been this legend, with a point\\ninscribed on a broadsword of the seventeenth century:\\nQui gladio ferit\\nGladio perit.\\nSpeaking of swords, I am reminded that the first duel\\nin New England was at Plymouth, in the year 1621. It\\nwas between Edward Doty or Doten, and Edward Leister,\\nservants of Steven Hopkins. They fought with sword and dagger, like their\\nbetters, and were both wounded. Having no statute against tlie offense, the\\nPilgrims met in council to determine on the punishment. It was exemjilary.\\nThe parties Avere ordered to be tied together, hand and foot, and to remain\\ntwenty-four hours witliout food or drink. The intercession of their master\\nand their own entreaties procured their release before the sentence Avas car-\\nried out.\\nIn tjie front of the court-house is a inui-al tablet, with the seal of the Old\\nColony sculptured in relief. The (piarterings of the shield represent four\\nkneeling figures, liaving each a llaining heart in its liands. On one side of\\nthe figures is a small tree, inilicativc, I suppose, of the infant growth of the\\nplantation. The attitude and semi-nude a])pearance indicate an Indian, the\\nsubsequent device of INIassachusetts, and are at once significant of his sub-\\njectini), hearty welcome, and ultimate loyalty. The colony seal is said to\\nSTANDISH S SWOUD.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0278.jp2"}, "275": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH.\\n267\\nTHE OLD COLONY SEAL.\\nh.ave been abstracted from the archives in Andres s time, and never recovered.\\nIts legend was Plimovth Nov-AngHa, Sigillvm Societatis, with the date of\\n1620 above the shield. The union with Mas-\\nsachusetts, in 1692, dispensed with the neces-\\nsity for a separate seal,\\nI saw, in the office of the Register, the\\nrecords of the First Church of Plymouth,\\nbegun and continued by Nathaniel Moiton\\nto 1680. The court records, as well as the\\nancient charter, on which the ink is so\\nfaded as to be scarcely legible, are careful-\\nly kept.\\nBut the compact, that august instru-\\nment, I did not see, nor is the fate of the\\noriginal known. Its language bears an ex-\\ntraordinary similitude to the preamble of the Constitution of the United\\nStates, in its spirit and idea. The name of the king is there in good set\\nphrase but the soul of the thing is its assumption of sovereignty in the\\npeople. See now how King James figures at the head and the tail of it, and\\nthen look into the heart of the matter:\\nIn y\u00c2\u00ab name of God, Amen. We whose names are undevwritten, the loyall subjects of otir\\ndread soveraigne Lord, King James, by y^ grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc, Ireland, King,\\ndefender of y^ faith, c., haveing undertaken, for y\u00c2\u00ab glorie of God and advancemente of y\u00c2\u00ab Chris-\\ntian faith and honour of our king countrie, a voyage to plant y^ first colonie in y^ Northerne\\nparts of Virginia, doe by these presents solemnly mutnaly in y presence of God, and one of an-\\nother, covenant and combine our selves togeather in a civill body politick, for our better ordering\\npreservation furtherance of y^ ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to enacte, constitute, and\\nframe such just equall lawes, oi dinances, acts, constitutions offices, from time to time, as shall\\nbe thought most meete convenent for y^ generall good of y Colonie, unto which we promise all\\ndue submission and obedience. In witnes wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names at\\nCap-Codd y 11 of November, in y^ year of y^ raigne of our soveraigne lord, King James of En-\\ngland, Franc, Ireland y^ eighteenth of Scotland y^ fiftie fourth, An Dom. 1G20.\\nBradford says the bond was partly due to the mutinous spirit of some of\\nthe strangers on board the JSIayfloxcer^ and partly to the belief that such an\\nact might be as firm as any patent, and in some respects more sure. It is\\nimpossible not to be interested in the lives of such men they were deeply in\\nearnest.\\nIn IC ^O the first public execution took place in Plymouth, The culprit\\nwas John Billington, who, as Bradford wrote home to England, was a knave,\\nand so would live and die. Billington had waylaid and shot one of the town,^\\nand was adjudged guilty of murder. The colony patent could not confer a\\npower it did not itself possess to inflict the death penalty, so they took coun-\\nPilgrim Memorial.\\nJohn Newcomen.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0279.jp2"}, "276": {"fulltext": "268 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsel of their friends just come into Massachusetts Bay, and were advised to\\npurge the land of blood.\\nIn 1658, the crime of adultery appears to be first noticed in the laws.\\nThe punishment of this offense was two whippings, the persons convicted to\\nwear two capital letters A. D. cut in cloth and sewed on their uppermost\\ngarment, on their arm or back; if they removed the letters, they were again\\nto be publicly whij^ped. Another law, that Avould bear rather hardly on the\\npresent generation, was as follows Any persons who behaved themselves\\nprofanely by being without doors at the meeting-houses on the Lord s day,\\nin time of exercise, and there raisdemeaning themselves by jestings, sleepings,\\nor the like, Avere first to be admonished, and if they did not refrain, set in the\\nstocks; and if still unreclaimed, cited before the court.\\nJosselyn, writing of the old Body of Laws of 1646, says, Scolds they\\ngag and set them at their doors for certain hours, for all comers and goers by\\nto gaze at. And here is material for the Scarlet Letter: An English\\nwoman suffering an Indian to have carnal knowledge of her was obliged to\\nwear an Indian cut out of red cloth sewed upon her right arm, and worn\\ntwelve months. Swearing was punished by boring through the tongue with\\na hot iron adultery with death.\\nThe chronicles of the Pilgrims have undergone many strange vicissitudes,\\nbut are fortunately quite full and complete. It would be pleasant to know\\nmore oftheir lives during their first year at Plymouth than is given by Brad-\\nford or Morton. Governor Bradford s manuscript history of Plymouth plan-\\ntation was probably purloined form the New England Library deposited in\\nthe Old South Church of Boston, during the siege of 1775. It found its way\\nto the Fulham Library in England, was discovered, and a copy made which\\nhas since been printed, after remaining in manuscript more than two hundred\\nyears. The letter-book of Governor Bradford has a similar history. It was\\nrescued from a grocer s shop in Halifax, after the destruction of half its in-\\nvaluable contents.\\nThe next best thing to be done is probably to go at once to the top of\\nBurial Hill, which is here what the Hoe is to English Plymouth. Here, at\\nleast, are plenty of memorials of the Pilgrims, and here town and harbor are\\noutspread for perusal. Seen at full tide, the harbor appears a goodly port\\nenough, but it is left as bare by the ebb as if the sea had been commanded\\nto remove and become dry land. Nothing except a broad expanse of sand-\\nbars and mussel shoals, with luxuriant growth of eel-grass, meets the eye.\\nThrough these a narrow and devious channel makes its way. The bay, how-\\never, could not be called tame with two such landmarks as Captain s Hill\\non Duxbury side, and the promontory of Manomet on the shoulder of the\\nCape.\\nPlymouth Bay is formed by the jutting-out of Manomet on the south, and\\nby the long-attenuated strip of sand known as Duxbury Beach, on the north.\\nI", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0280.jp2"}, "277": {"fulltext": "PLY.MOUTH.\\n269\\nPlYaiOUTH\\nBAT\\nScale 8s Miles\\njierlncA\\nThis beach terminates in a\\nsmaller pattern of the cel-\\nebrated Italian boot that\\nlooks equall}- ready to play\\nat foot- ball with Sicily or\\nto kick intruders out of the\\nMediterranean. The heel of\\nthe boot is toward the sea,\\nand called The Gurnet the\\ntoe points landward, and is\\ncalled Saquish Head. Just\\nwithin the toe of the boot\\nis Clark s Island, named from\\nthe master s mate of the\\nMayfloimr; then comes Cap-\\ntain s Hill, making, with the\\nbeach, Duxbury Harbor;\\nand in the farthest reach\\nof the bay to the westward\\nis Kingston, where a little\\nwater-course, called after the\\nmaster of the Mayfloicer^\\nmakes up into the land. In\\nthe southern board Cape\\nCod is seen on a clear day\\nfar out at sea; a mere shining streak of white sand it appears at this distance.\\nPlymouth harbor proper is formed by a long sand-spit parallel with the\\nshore, that serves as a breakwater for the shallow roadstead. It is anchored\\nwhere it is, for the winds would blow it away else, by wooden cribs on which\\nthe drifting sands are mounded and it is also tethered by beach-grass root-\\ned in the hillocks or downs that fringe the liarbor-side. Now and then ex-\\ntensive repairs are necessary to make good the ravages of a winter s sea-lash-\\nings, as many as six hundred tons of stone having been added to the break-\\nwater at the Point at one time. Brush is placed in the jetties, and thousands\\nof roots of beach-grass are planted to catch and stay the shifting sands. The\\nharbor is lighted at evening by twin lights on the Gurnet, and by a single\\none oiF Plymouth Beach. The latter is a caisson of iron rooted to the rock\\nby a filling of concrete, and is washed on all sides by the waters of the liarbor.\\nSand is everywhere; the stern and rock-bound coast of Mrs. Ilemans\\nnowhere. Except one little cluster by the northern shore of the harbor, the\\nForefathers is the only rock on which those pious men could have landed\\nMAP OF PLYMOUTH BAT.\\nJones s River.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0281.jp2"}, "278": {"fulltext": "270 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nwith dry feet. A few boulders, noticeably infrequent, are scattered along the\\nbeach as you approach from Kingston. The hills on which the town is built\\nappear lean and emaciated, as if the light yellow earth with which they are\\nfurnished were a compromise between sand and soil. The gardens and house-\\nplots, nevertheless, thrive if they have moisture enough. Few vessels were\\nlying in the harbor, for Plymouth has at i:)resent little or no commerce yet\\nof these, two small colliers were larger than the little Mayfloioer that car-\\nried a greater than Caesar and his fortunes.\\nThe Pilgrims brought the name of their settlement along with them,\\nthough Captain John Smith gives it first the Indian name of Accomack,\\nchanged by Prince Charles to Plimouth, as it appears on the map accom-\\npanying Advertisements for the Unexperienced. The port was, however,\\nearlier known to both French and English. Samoset told the Pilgrims, at\\nhis first interview with them, the Indian name was Patuxet.* Prince, in-\\ndeed, assigns a date (December 31st) for the formal assumption of the En-\\nglish name.^\\nPlymouth, England, from which the Pilgrims finally set sail on tlie Gth of\\nSeptember, 1619, is situated at the extreme north-west corner of Devonshire,\\nand is divided from Cornwall only by the river Tamar. The name has no\\nother significance than the mouth of the river Phjia. Exmouth and Dart-\\nmouth have the like derivation, Pljmiouth was long the residence of Sir\\nFrancis Drake, and was the birthplace of Sir John Hawkins also of the paint-\\ners Northcote, Prout, and B. Ilaydon, Captain John Davis, the intrepid nav-\\nigator, and Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who. Queen Elizabeth said, was a man of\\nnoe good happ by sea, were also of Devonshire. It is of the two rivers upon\\nwhich the Three Towns stand that old Michael Drayton writes:\\nPlym that claims In right\\nTiie chiistening of that IJay, which bears her noble name.\\nIn spite of historic antecedents, English Plymouth was distasteful to Lord\\nNelson, who says, in one of his letters to Lady Hamilton, I hate Plymoutli.\\nAmerican Plymouth should owe no grudge to liis memory, for ho did a very\\nnoble act to one of her townsmen. AVhile cruising on our coast in the Alhe-\\nmarie, in 1782, Nelson captured a fishing schooner belonging to Plymouth.\\nThe cargo of the vessel constituted nearly the whole property of Captain\\nCarver, the master, who had a large family at home anxiously awaiting liis\\nreturn. There being no officer on board the .ilbcmarle acquainted with lioston\\nBay, Nelson ordered the master of the \\\\n-\\\\zc to act as pilot. He pei Conned\\nthe service to the satisfaction of his oajitor, who requited him by giving him\\nliis vessel and cargo back again, with a certificate to prevent recapture by\\nThe MdjiJlower was only one Intndred ami eighty tons burden. Monrt.\\nI do not find any exact autiiority for this.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0282.jp2"}, "279": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH. 271\\nother British cruisers. Sir N. Harris Nicolas relates that Nelson accompanied\\nthis generous act with words equally generous You have rendered me,\\nsir, a very essential service, and it is not the custom of English seamen to be\\nungrateful. In the name, therefore, and with the approbation of the officers\\nof this ship, I return your schooner, and witli it this certificate of your good\\nconduct. Farewell! and may God bless you.\\nThe choice of the site of Plymouth by the Pilgrims was due rather to the\\npressing necessities of their situation than to a well-considered determination.\\nArriving on our coast in the beginning of winter, after nearly six weeks passed\\nin explorations that enfeebled the hardiest among them, they found their pro-\\nvisions failing, while the increasing rigor of the season called for a speedy\\ndecision. As it was not their destination, so it may readily be conceived they\\nwere not prepared beforehand with such knowledge of the coast as might\\nnow be most serviceable to them. Cheated by their captain, they had thrown\\naway the valuable time spent in searching the barren cape for a harbor fit\\nfor settlement. Smith, in his egotism, administers a rebuke to them in this\\nwise\\nYet at the first landing at Cape Cod, being an hundred passengers, be-\\nsides twenty they had left behind at Plimouth for want of good take lieed,\\nthinking to find all things better than I advised them, spent six or seven weeks\\nin wandering uj) and downe in frost and snow, wind and raine, among the\\nwoods, cricks, and swamps, forty of them died, and three-score were left in a\\nmost miserable estate at New Plimouth, where their ship left them, and but\\nnine leagues by sea from where they landed, whose misery and variable opin-\\nions, for want of experience, occasioned much faction, till necessity agreed\\nthem.\\nIt is not easily understood why they should have remained in so unprom-\\nising a location after a better knowledge of the country had been obtained.\\nTo the north was Massachusetts, called by Smith the paradise of those\\nparts. South-west of them was the fertile Narraganset country, with fiiir\\nAquidneck within their patent. In thirteen or fourteen years the whole of\\nPlymouth colony Avould not have made one populous town. But there are\\nindications that a removal was kept in view. Their brethren in Leyden,\\nwho saw the hand of God in their first choice, advised them not to abandon\\nit. In 1633 they established a trading-house on the Connecticut, and when\\nafterward dispossessed by Massachusetts, alleged as a reason for holding a\\npost there that they lived upon a barren place, where they were by necessi-\\nty cast, and neither they nor theirs could long continue upon the same, and\\nwhy sliould they be deprived of that Avhich they had provided and intended\\nThis is to certify that I took the schooner Harmony, Nathaniel Carver, master, belonging to\\nPlymouth, but, on account of his good services, have given him up his vessel again.\\nHoratio Nelson.\\nDated on board H.M. ship Albemarle, ITth August, 1TS2.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0283.jp2"}, "280": {"fulltext": "272 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nto remove to as soon as they were able? Yet, like fatalists tbey continued\\non the very shores to which Providence had directed them.\\nWhen the Pilgrims explored the bay, they were at first undetermined\\nwhether to make choice of Clark s Island, the shores of the little river at\\nKingston, or the spot on the main-land which became their ultimate abode.\\nThe high ground of Plymouth shore, the sweete brooke under the hill-side,\\nand the large tract of land ready cleared for their use, settled the question\\nthe high hill from which they might see Cape Cod, and withal very fit for a\\ncitadel, clenched their decision.\\nIt did not seem to occur to the Pilgrims that to pitch their residence in a\\nplace desolated by the visitation of God was at all ill-omened. In their cir-\\ncuit of the bay they did not see an Indian or an Indian wigwam, though they\\nmet with traces of a former habitation. Added to the sadness and gloom of\\nthe landscape, the frozen earth, the bare and leafless trees, was a silence not\\nalone of nature, but of death. The plague had cleared the way for them;\\nthey built upon graves.\\nThis terrible forerunner of the English is alluded to by several of the old\\nwriters. It swept the coast from the Fresh Water River to the Penobscot,\\nwith a destructiveness like to that witnessed in London a few years later.\\nSir F. Gorges tells us that the Indians inhabiting the region round about the\\nembouchure of the Saco were sorely afiiicted with it, so that the country was\\nin a manner left void of inhabitants. Vines, Sir Ferdinando s agent, with his\\ncompanions, slept in the cabins with those that died but, to their good for-\\ntune, as the narrative quaintly sets forth, not one of them ever felt their\\nheads to ache while they stayed there. This was in the year 1616- 17.\\nLevett says the Indians at Aquamenticus were all dead when he was there.\\nSamoset explains, in his broken English, to the Pilgrims that the lawful occu-\\npants of Patuxet had, four years before, been swept away by an extraordi-\\nnary plague. The Indians liad never seen or heard of the disease before.\\nVillages withered away when the blight fell upon them tribes were obliter-\\nated, and nations were reduced to tribes. Doubtless, this disaster had much\\nto do with the peaceable settlement of Plymouth, Salem, and Boston. Had\\nthe Pilgrims been everywhere resisted, as at Nauset, they could hardly have\\nplanted their colony in Plymouth Bay.\\nThere was another cause to which the English owed their safety, as related\\nto them by many aged Indians. A French ship liad been cast away on Cape\\nCod. The crew succeeded in landing, but the Indians, less merciful than the\\nsea, butchered all but three of them. Two were ransomed by Dermer, one\\nof Sir F, Gorges s captains. Tlie otlier remained with the savages, acquired\\ntheir language, and died among them. Before his death he foretold tliat God\\nwas angry, and would destroy them, and give their heritage to a strange peo-\\nGovernor Bradford s History of riymouth.\\n1", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0284.jp2"}, "281": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH. 273\\npie. They derided l]im, and answered boastfully, they were so strong and nu-\\nmerous that the Manitou could not kill them all. Soon after the pestilence de-\\npopulated the country. Then came the Englishmen in their ships. The sav-\\nages assembled in a dark swamp, where their conjurors, Avith incantations last-\\ning several days, solemnly cursed the pale-faces, devoting them to destruction.\\nThus the English found safety in the superstitious awe of the natives. The\\nstory of the terrible plague is as yet unwritten. Governor Bradford says\\nthat when Winslow went to confer with Massasoit, he passed by numbers of\\nunburied skulls and bones of those who had died.\\nCaptain Levett is corroborative of the Pilgrims settled intention to de-\\npart from their original place of settlement. He observes in his Voyage\\ninto New England Neither was I at New Plymouth, but I fear that place\\nis not so good as many others for if it were, in my conceit, they would con-\\ntent themselves with it, and not seek for any other, having ten times so much\\nground as would serve ten times so many people as they have now among\\nthem. But it seems they have no fish to make benefit of; for this year they\\nhad one ship fish at Pemaquid, and another at Cape Ann, where they have be-\\ngun a new plantation, but how long it will continue I know not.\\nIt is evident from the testimony that the settlement at Plymouth was ill-\\nconsidered, and that the Pilgrims were themselves far from satisfied with it.\\nIn this, too, we have the solution of the rapid overshadowing of the Old Col-\\nony by its neighbors, and the fading away of its political and commercial im-\\nportance.\\nThere is no manner of doubt that Plymouth had been visited by whites\\nlong before the advent of the 3Iai/^foicer^s band. Hutchinson erroneously\\nsays De Monts did not go into the Massachusetts bay, but struck over from\\nsome part of the eastern shore to Cape Ann, and so to Cape Cod, and sailed\\nfarther southward. Definite is this!\\nIt was the object of De Monts to examine the coast, and his pilot seems\\nto have kept in with it as closely as possible, making a harbor every night\\nwhere one was to be found. The Indian pilot proved to have little knowl-\\nedge of the shores or of the language of the tribes to the westward of the\\nSaco; for on being confronted Avith the natives of the Massachusetts country,\\nhe was not able to understand them. Gorges recounts that his natives from\\nPemaquid and from Martha s Vineyard at first hardly comprehended each\\nother.\\nHutchinson, it is probable, saw the edition of Champlain s Voyages of\\n1632, contenting himself with a cursory examination of it. An attentive\\nreading of the text of the edition of 1613 would have undeceived him as to\\nthe movements of De Monts. Although the reprint of 1632 gives the sub-\\nstance of the voyage, it is so mutilated in its details as to afford scanty satis-\\nfaction to the student.\\nAfter leaving Cape Ann, De Monts entered Boston Bay and saw Charles\\n18", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0285.jp2"}, "282": {"fulltext": "274\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nRiver, named by bis company Riviere da Gas, in compliment to tbeir cbief.\\nFi-om thence tbey continued their route to a j^lace that has for the moment a\\ngreater interest. Given the latitude, the physical features, and the distance\\nfrom Cape Ann, we are at no loss to put the finger on Plymouth Bay, of\\nwhich the geographer of the expedition is the first to give us a description.\\nThe wind coming contrary, they dropped anchor in a little roadstead.\\nWhile lying there tliey were boarded by canoes that had been out fishing for\\ncod. These, going to shore, notified their companions, who assembled on the\\nsands, dancing and gesticulating in token of amity and welcome. A canoe\\nfrom the bark landed with a few trifles with which the simple natives were\\nAvell pleased, and begged their strange visitors to come and visit them with-\\nin their river. The man-stealers had not yet been among them. They offer-\\ned a simple but sincere hospitality.\\nCUAMPLAIN S map. POKT CAPE ST. LOUIS.\\nLet US liave recourse to the musty pages and antiquated French of Cham-\\n])lain, following in the wake of the bark as it weathers the Gurnet, and dou-\\nbles Saquish, with the cheery cry of tlie leadsman, and the eyes of De Monts,\\nChamplain, and Champdore fixed on the shores of coming renown:\\nNous Icvamcs Tancrc pour cc faiic, niais nous n y pcusmes entrer a cause du pcu d cau que\\nnous y trouvames cstans de basse mer et fumes contrainctes de mouiller I ancre h I entree\\nd icelle. Je deccndis a terrc oii j eu vis cpiantite d autres qui nous rc9euient fort gratieusement\\net fus recognoistrc la riviere, ou n y a vey autre chose qu un bras d eau qui s cstant quelque peu\\nGreen s Harbor, ])erlinps.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0286.jp2"}, "283": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH.\\n275\\ndans les terres qui font en partie desertees dedans lequel il n y a qu un ruisseau qui ne peut\\nporter basteaux sinon de pleine mer. Ce lieu peut avoir une lieue de circuit. En I une des en-\\ntrees duquel y a une maniere d icelle couverte de bois et principalement de pins qui tient d un\\ncoste a des dunes de sable, qui font assez longues I autre coste est une terre assez haute. II y\\na deux islets dans lad. Baye, qu on ne voit point si Ton n est dedans, oil autour la mer asseche\\npresque toute de basse mer. Ce lieu est fort remarquable de la mer d autant que la coste est\\nfort basse, hormis le cap de I entree de la Baye qu avons nomme le port du cap St. Louys distant\\ndud. cap deux lieues et dix du Cap aux Isles. II est environ par le hauteur du Cap St. Louys.\\nTRANSLATION.\\nWe raised the anchor to do tiiis, but we could not enter therein by reason of the little water\\nwliich we found there, being low sea, and were constrained to let go the anchor at the entrance of\\nit. I went ashore, wliere I saw numbers of natives who received us very graciously, and surveved\\nthe river, which is nothing more than an arm of water that makes a little way in the lands which\\nare in part deserted, within which it is only a rivulet that can not float vessels exce]^ at full sea.\\nThis place may be a league in circuit. At one of the entrances is a sort of island, which is covered\\nwith wood, principally pines, which Iiolds to a coast of sandy downs of some length the other\\nshore is pretty high land. There are two isles in the said Bay which are not perceived until you\\nare within, which the sea leaves almost entirely at low tide. This place is very remarkable from\\nthe sea, inasmuch as the coast is very low, except the cape at the entrance of the Bay, which we\\nhave named Port Cape St. Louis, distant from the said Cape two leagues, and ten from the Cape\\nof Islands. It is about the latitude of Cape St. Louis.\\nIll tliis description the Gurnet and Manoraet stand out for easy recogni-\\ntion. The sandy downs of Duxbury Beach, the shallow harbor, the river,\\neven the soundings establish the identity of Port St. Louis with Plymouth;\\nand the two islands become further evidence, if more were needed.\\nTo account for the hostility of the Indians inhabiting the Cape when the\\nPilgrims were reconnoitring there, it is only necessary to cite a few facts.\\nCabot stole three savages and carried them to England, where, says Stow,\\nin ludicrous astonishment, after two years residence they could not be told\\nfrom Englishmen. In 1508, it is said, Thomas Aubert, a pilot of Dieppe, ex-\\ncited great curiosity by bringing over several natives to France. Cartier\\ntook two back with him to France, but with their own consent; and they\\nwere eventually, I believe, restored to their native country. Weymouth, in\\n1605, seized five at Pemaquid Harlow, in 1611, five moi-e; and Hunt, the\\ngreatest thief of them all, kidnaped in this very harbor of Plymouth, in the\\nyear 1614, twenty-four of those silly savages, and sold them in Spain for reals\\nof eight. After such treachery it is not strange the red men looked on these\\nnew-comers as their natural enemies. It is more extraordinary that Samoset,\\non entering their weak village some months after their landing, should have\\ngreeted them with the memorable Welcome, Englishmen\\nThe Pilgrims saw in the evidences of prior intercourse with Europeans, that\\nthey were not the pioneers in this wilderness of New England. They found\\nFollowed as literally as possible, to preserve the style.\\nNamed by De Monts, and supposed to be Brant Point.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0287.jp2"}, "284": {"fulltext": "276 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nimplements and utensils of civilized manufacture, though no fire-arras. These\\narticles were probably obtained by barter with the fishing or trading ships.\\nOn William Wood s map of 1634/ Old Plymouth is laid down on the\\neastern shore of Narraganset Bay, while New Plymouth has its proper posi-\\ntion. New Plimouth is placed on Blauw s map at the head of a small\\nbaj^, into which a lai ge river flows. One of the headlands of the bay is\\nnamed C. Blanco Gallis, and the bay itself Crane Bay. Josselyn has also\\nthis reference to Old Plymouth\\nAt the farther end of the bay, by the mouth of Narraganset River,\\non the south side thereof was Old Plymouth plantation, A?i?io 1602. He\\nmay have borrowed his itinerary in part from Wood, who, as I take it, re-\\nferred to Gosnold s attempt at the mouth of Buzzard s Bay. In his sum-\\nmary, under date of 1607, Josselyn notes, Plimouth plantation in New En-\\ngland attempted.\\nI spent some hours among the grave-stones on Burial Hill. Here, as in\\nthe streets of the living inhabitants, the old familiar names of the Mayfloio-\\ner^s passengers are to be met with. And in every burial-place in the land,\\nI make no doubt, are to be found Rowlands and Winslows, Bradfords and\\nBrewsters, side by side. I have felt myself much moved in thinking on the\\nstory of those stern men and self-contained, trustful women. Their whole\\nlives might justly be called a pilgrimage. Consider their gathering in the\\nOld England they loved so well then their dispersion, suffering, and hurried\\nflight into Holland afterward the staking their all on the issue of their ven-^\\nture in the New World, and the painful, anxious lives they led despoiling\\nthe young of their youth, and the elders of a peaceful old age.\\nThis spot, as is Avell known, was not the Pilgrims original place of inter-\\nment. They who first died were buried on Cole s Hill, nearer the shore, and\\nto the strait limits of their little hamlet. They lost one half their number\\nduring the first dismal winter, and there was room enough without going far\\nto make their graves. Tradition says that, fearing their wretchedness might\\ninspii-e the Indians with the hope of exterminating them, those early graves\\nwere first leveled and then planted upon in order to conceal their losses. It\\nis said that sixty years elapsed before a grave-stone with an inscription was\\nset up in Plymouth certain it is that none older has been found than that\\nof Edward Gray, merchant, Avho died in 1681.\\nThe obliterated grave-yard on Cole s Hill, which was nothing more than a\\nsea-blufF overhanging the shore, Avas flooded by a freshet about 1735, laying\\nbare many of the graves, and carrying along with it to the sea many of the\\nremains. It is the supposed resting-place of Carver, the first governor of\\nPlymouth, and of his wife, who did not long survive him. It contained the\\nashes of fifty of the one hundred and two that had landed in December. In\\nThe south part of New England, as it is planted this yeare, 1G34.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0288.jp2"}, "285": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH. 277\\nthe time of the first winter s sickness, says Hutchinson, there were not above\\nseven men capable of beai-ing arms. And yet, when they were almost too\\nfew to bury their own dead, they talked of war with Canonicus as if it were\\nmere bagatelle, answering defiance Avith defiance. I fancy those Pilgrims\\nwere of the right stulf!\\nOn Burial Hill is a monument to the memory of Governor Bradford, who\\nsucceeded Carver, and was annually chosen from 1621 until his death, in 1657\\nexcept during the years 1633, 1636, 1638, and 1644, when Edward Winslow,\\nand in 1634, when Thomas Prence, administered the colony afiairs. In sev-\\nenty years there were only six different persons governors of Plymouth.\\nRoger White, the friend of Bradford, writes him a letter from Leyden, Decem-\\nber, 1625, counseling rotation in office, more than hinting that the constant\\nre-election of himself to the chief office in the colony tended to an oligarchy.\\nBradford was among the earliest to go into Holland for conscience sake. He\\nwas of good estate, and had learned the art of silk-dyeing in Amsterdam.\\nHis residence in the New World began in affliction, for, before a site for set-\\ntlement had been fixed upon, his wife, Dorothy May, fell from the vessel into\\nthe sea and was drowned. His monument was erected, some years ago, by\\ndescendants.\\nIn a conspicuous position is the monument raised, in 1858, by the descend-\\nants of Robert Cushman, and of Thomas Cushman, his son, for forty-three\\nyears ruling elder of the church of the Pilgrims. Of all the original memo-\\nrial tablets in this old cemetery, those of Thomas Cushman, who came in 1621,\\nin the Fortune, and of Thomas Clark, a passenger by the Ann, in 1623, alone\\nwere remaining. The grave of John Howland, an emigrant of the Mayfloicer,\\nhas been identified, and furnished with a handsome head-stone. In some in-\\nstances boards bearing simply the name and age of the deceased have re-\\nplaced the aged and no longer legible stones, as in the cases of Elder Thomas\\nFaunce, William Crowe, and others. The stone of Thomas Clark was the\\nmost curious I saw, and in general the inscriptions do not possess other in-\\nterest than the recollections they summon up. The grave of Dr. Adoniram\\nJudson is also here.\\nBurial Hill is also memorable as the site of the second regular church ed-\\nifice in New England, built to serve the double purpose of church and citadel.\\nFrom this cause the eminence was long called Fort Hill. By February, 1621,\\nafter the defiance of Canonicus, the town was inclosed within a palisade, tak-\\ning in the top of the hill under which it was situated. In 1622 the colonists\\nbuilt their church-fortress it should have been dedicated with Luther s an-\\nthem\\nCollections of the Massachusetts Historical Society.\\nSee Popham s settlement on the Kennebec the Episcopal semce was doubtless the first\\nreligious exercise in New England.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0289.jp2"}, "286": {"fulltext": "278 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nGod is a castle and defense,\\nWhen troubles and distress invade,\\nHe ll help and free us from offense,\\nAnd ever shield us with his aid.\\nEver willing to turn an honest penny, the Dutch, in 1627, opened a corre-\\nspondence between Fort Amsterdam and Plymouth, with offers of trade.\\nThey followed it with an embassy in the person of Isaac de Kasieres, who,\\nsays Bradford, was their chief merchant, and second to their governor. He\\ncame into Plymouth honorably attended with a noise of trumpeters. It\\nis in a letter of De Rasieres, found at The Hague by Mr. Brodhead, that we\\nobtain a circumstantial account of town and fortress as they then existed.\\nUpon the hill, he writes, they have a large, square house, with a flat\\nroof, made of thick sawn planks, stayed with oak beams, upon the top of\\nwhich they have six cannons, which shoot iron balls of four and five pounds,\\nand command the surrounding country. The lower part they use for their\\nchurch, where they preach on Sundays and the usual holidays.\\nA looker-on here in 1807 found in this burying-ground and on the summit\\nof the hill the remains of the ditch that surrounded the ancient fortification\\nerected in 1075, on the approach of Philip s war. This was a work of great-\\ner magnitude than that of the first adventurers, inclosing a space one hundred\\nfeet square, strongly palisaded with pickets ten and a half feet high. As late\\nas 1844 the whole circuit of this work was distinctly visible.* The head of\\nWittuwamet, one of the chiefs killed by Standish s party at Weymouth in\\n1623, was set up on the battlements of the fort, as was afterward that of the\\ni-enowned King Philij). The vaunting, the exasperating mockery of a savage,\\nis in thesxi lines\\nWho is there here to fight with the brave Wattawnniat\\nThen he unsheatlied his knife, and, whetting the blade on his left hand,\\nHeld it aloft and displayed a woman s face on the handle,\\nSaying, with bitter expression and look of sinister meaning,\\n1 have another at home, with the face of a man on the handle;\\nBy-and-by they shall marry; and there will be pleiity of children.\\nAccoi diiig to Edward Winslow, the English stood to tlicir guns when\\nIndians came among them. To allay distrust in the minds of the savages,\\nthey were told it was an act of courtesy observed by the English, both on\\nCaptain John Smith, speaking of the town in 1()24, says of this fortress, there was within a\\nhigh mount a fort, with a watch-tower, well built of stone, lome, and wood, their ordnance well\\nmounted.\\nDuring some excavations made on tlic hill, remains of the watch-tower of brick came to\\nlight, indicating its position to have been in the vicinity of the Jndson monument. There also\\nexisted on the hill, until about 18r 0, a jmwder-house of antique fashion, built in 1770. It had an\\noval slab of slate imbedded in the wall, with a Latin inscription and there were also engraved\\nujjon it a powder-horn, cartridge, and a cannon. Pilgrim ^leinorial.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0290.jp2"}, "287": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH. 2 79\\nland and sea. The sentinel who paced his lonely round here in 1622 should\\nhave had steady nerves. The nearest outpost was his fellow-watcher on the\\nramparts of Fort Amsterdam. He could hardly pass the word on All s\\nwell to Jamestown or Saint Augustine, or hear the challenge from Port\\nRoyal, in Acadia, Behind him was the wilderness, out of which it was a\\nwonder the Indians did not burst, it was so easy to overwhelm the devoted\\nlittle band of Englishmen and brush them away into the sea. I make no ac-\\ncount of the few scattered cabins along the northern coast, and the Pilgrims\\nmade no account of them. Thus they lived for ten years within the narrow\\nlimits of an intrenched camp, a picket lodged within an enemy s country, un-\\ntil the settlement in Massachusetts Bay enabled them to draw breath. Why\\nmight they not say to those after-comers,\\nWe aie the Jasons; we have won the fleece?\\nThe procession of the Pilgrims to their church was a sight that must have\\nexceedingly stirred the sluggish blood of the Dutch emissary. He found\\nthem attentive to proffers of trade; acute, as might be expected of the first\\nYankees, where profits were in question but there Avas no doubt about the\\nquality of their piety. At the hour of worship the silent village was assembled\\nby drum-beat, as was befitting in the Church Militant. At this signal the\\nhouse-doors open and give passage to each family. The men wear their sad-\\ncolored mantles, and are armed to the teeth, as if going to battle. Silently\\nthey take their places in front of the captain s door, three abreast, with match-\\nlocks shouldered. The tall, stern-visaged ones, we may suppose, lead the rest.\\nIn front is the sergeant. Behind the armed men comes Bradford, in a long\\nrobe. At his right hand is Elder Brewster, with his cloak on. At the gov-\\nernor s left marches JNIiles Standish, his rapier lifting up the corner of his\\nmantle, and carrying a small cane in his hand. The women in sober gowns,\\nkerchiefs, and hoods, their garments poor, but scrupulously neat, follow next\\nthe lowlier yielding precedence to those of better condition. At command,\\nthey take their way up the hill in this order, and, entering within the rude\\ntemple they have raised, each man sets down his musket where he may lay\\nhand upon it. Thus, says De Rasieres, they are on their guard night\\nand day.\\nThomas Lechford, of Clement s Inn, Gent, in his Plain Dealing, says\\nhe once looked in the church-door in Boston M here the sacrament was being\\nadministered. He thus noted down what he saw: They come together\\nabout nine o clock by ringing of a bell. Pastor prayed for a quarter of an\\nhour. The teacher then readeth and expoundeth a chapter; then a psalm is\\nsung, which one of the ruling Elders dictates. Afterward the pastor preaches\\na sermon, or exhorts ex tempoi e.\\nThis is the way in which they made contributions On Sundays, in the\\nafternoon, when the sermon is ended, the people in the galleries come down", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0291.jp2"}, "288": {"fulltext": "280 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nand march two abreast up one aisle and down the other, until they come be-\\nfore the desk, for pulpit they have none. Before the desk is a long pue where\\nthe elders and deacons sit, one of theni with a money-box in his hand, into\\nwhich the people, as they pass, put their offering, some a shill, some 2s., some\\nhalf a crown, five s., according to their ability. Then they conclude with a\\njarayer.\\nLechford adds that the congregation used to pass up by the deacon s seat,\\ngiving either money, or valuable articles, or paper promises to ])^j, and so to\\ntheir seats again, the chief men or magistrates first. The same author de-\\nscribes the method of excommunication practiced in some of the New En-\\ngland churches. At New Haven, alias Quinapeag, he says, where Master\\nDavenport is pastor, the excommunicate is held out of the meeting, at the\\ndoore, if he will heare, in frost, snow, and raine.\\nThe Pilgrims are often called Puritans, a term of reproach first applied to\\nthe wliole body of Dissenters, but in their day belonging strictly to those who\\nrenounced the forms and ceremonies while believing in the doctrines and sac-\\nraments of the Church of England. Boston was settled by Puritans, who, ac-\\ncording to Governor Winthrop, adhered to the mother-church when they left\\nOld Enoland. It is curious to observe that the Boston Puritans became rig-\\nid Separatists, while the Plymouth Separatists became more and more mod-\\nerate. The Piigi ims were originally of the sect called Brownists, from Rob-\\nert Brown, a school-master in Southwark about 1580, and a relation of Cecil,\\nLord Burghley. Cardinal Bentivoglio erroneously calls the Holland refu-\\ngees a distinct sect by the name of Puritans. Hutchinson, usually well in-\\nformed, observes, If all in England who called themselves Brownists and In-\\ndependents at that day had come over with them (the Pilgrims), they would\\nscarcely have made one considerable town. Yet in 1592 there were said to\\nbe twenty thousand Independents in England.\\nThe Church of tlie Pilgrims, formed, in 1G02, of people living on the bor-\\nders of Nottingliainshire, Lincolnsliire, and Yorkshire, made their way, after\\ninnumerable diiliculties, into Ilollaiul. Their pastor, John Kobinson, is usu-\\nally regarded as the author of Independency. A residence on the scene of\\nthe lieforination softened, in many rt spects, the inflexible religious character\\nof the rownists. They discarded the name rendered odious on many ac-\\ncounts. It is stated, on the authority of Edward Winslow, that Robinson and\\nhis Church did not recpiire renunciation of the Church of England, acknowl-\\nediiinijf the other reformed churches, and allowintr occasional communion with\\nRobert Brown, tlio fdiinder of flic sect, after tliirty-two im])risoiiinciits. evoiitiinlly con formed.\\nHenry Penny, Henry Harrow, and otlier Brownists, were cruelly executed for nllef^ed sedition. May\\n2!)th, ir .)ii. IClizaljetli s celebrated Act of IT)!);? visited a refusal to make a declaration of conform-\\nity will) tlie Cliin-cli of England wiili lianislinuMit and fnrfL itnre of citizeiishii) death if tiie oU ondcr\\nreturned iiUo tiie realm.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0292.jp2"}, "289": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH. 281\\nthem. It is also evident from what Bradford says that the Pilgrims chose\\nthe Huguenots as their models in Church affairs/\\nBoth in regard to civil and ecclesiastical affairs the Pilgrims were placed\\nin a situation of serious difficulty. The King of England promised not to in-\\nterfere with them in religious matters, but would not acknowledge them by\\nany public act under his hand and seal. Some of the most influential of the\\ncompany of English merchants, by whom they were transported to New En-\\ngland, did not sympathize Avith them in their religious views, and at length\\nbroke off from them, and left them to struggle on alone as best they might.\\nThis is apparent in the plan to prevent the remnant of the Church of Leyden\\nfrom coming over. It is also clear that neither the motives nor the intentions\\nof the Pilgrims were well understood by the adventurers at the outset, and\\nthat as soon as these were fully developed, the merchants, or a majority of\\nthem, preferred to augment their colony with a more pliant and less obnox-\\nious class of emigrants than the first-comers had proved. In examining the\\ncharges and complaints of the one, and the explanations of the other, it is\\ndifficult to avoid the conclusion that a good deal of duplicity was used by\\nthe Pilgrims to keep the breath of life in their infent plantation.\\nIt appears that the settlers in Massachusetts Bay were not acquainted with\\nthe form of worship Y^i acticed by the Pilgrims, as Endicott writes to Governor\\nBradford from Naumkeak, May 11th, 1629: I acknowledge myself much\\nbound to you for your kind love and care in sending Mr. Fuller among us,\\nand rejoice much that I am by him satisfied touching your judgments of the\\noutward form of God s worship it is (as far as I can yet gather) no other\\nthan is warranted by the evidence of truth, and the same which I have pro-\\nfessed and maintained ever since the Lord in his mercy revealed himself unto\\nme, being far differing from the common reports that hath been spread of\\nyou touching that particular.\\nI have thought it worth mentioning that the church at Salem was the\\nfirst completely organized Congregational church in America. It was gath-\\nered August 6th, 1619, when Rev. Mr. Higginson was ordained teacher, and\\nMr. Skelton pastor. Governor Bradford and others deputed from tlie church\\nat Plymouth, coming into the assembly in the hour of the solemnity, gave\\nthem the right hand of fellowship. Robinson never having come over, Plym-\\nouth was without a pastor for some years.\\nSir Mattliew Hale used to say, Those of the Separation were good men, but tliey had nar-\\nrow souls, or they would not break the peace of the Church about such inconsiderable matters as\\nthe points of difference were. In this country the Independents took the name of Congregation-\\nalists. They held, among other tilings, that one church may advise or reprove another, but liad\\nno power to excommunicate. Tlie churches outside of Plymouth did, however, practice excommu-\\nnication.\\nGovernor Bradford s Letter-book.\\nThe teacher explained doctrines the pastor enforced them by suitable exliortations.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0293.jp2"}, "290": {"fulltext": "282\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nTJnclei Charles I. the Pilgrims fared little better than in the preceding reign;\\nbut they had seated themselves firmly by the period of the Civil War. On\\nthe day before his arrival at Shrewsbury, the king caused the military orders\\nto be read at tlie head of each regiment. Then, mounting his horse, and\\nplacing himself in the midst, where all might hear, he made a speech to his\\nsoldiers, in which this passage occurs\\nGentlemen, you have heard these orders read it is your part, in your\\nseverall places, to observe them exactly I can not suspect your Courage\\nand Resolution your Conscience and your Loyalty hath brought you hither\\nto fight for your Religion, your King, and tlie Laws of the Land you sliall\\nfiglit with no Enemies, but Traitours, most of tliem Brownists, Anabaptists,\\nand Atheists, such who desire to destroy both Church and State, and who\\nhave already condemned you to ruin for being Loyall to vs.\\nHere, then, Avere a handful of men repudiated by tlieir king, cast ofi*by their\\ncommercial partners, a prey to the consequences of civil war at home, and liv-\\ning by sufferance in the midst of a fierce and warlike people, compelled at last\\nto work out their own political destiny. What Avonder that with tliem self-\\npreservation stood first, last, and always! All otlier settlements in New En-\\ngland were made with the hope of gain alone, few, if any, colonists meaning\\nto make a permanent home in its wilds. We may not withhold the respect\\ndue to these Pilgrims, who were essentially a unit, embodying the germ of\\ncivil, political, and religious liberty. They beheld from the beach the vanish-\\ning sail of the Mayflover as men who had accepted what fate may bring to\\nthem. They did not mean to go back.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0294.jp2"}, "291": {"fulltext": "THE PILGKIMS FIK6T ENCOUNTEK.\\nCHAPTER XVIII.\\nPLYMOUTH, CLAEK s ISLAND, AND DUXBUEY,\\nAy, call it holy ground,\\nThe soil where first they trod\\nThey have left unstain d what there they found\\nFreedom to worship God! Mrs. Hemans.\\nT ET US now take a walk in Leyden Street. Until 1802 the principal street\\nof the Pilgrims Avas Avithout a name it was then proposed to give it\\nthe one it now so appropriately bears. In my descent of the hill into the\\ntown square, I passed under the shade of some magnificent elms just putting\\nforth their spring buds. Some of those natural enemies of trees were talking\\nof cutting down the noblest of them all, that has stood for nearly a hundred\\nyears, and long shaded Governor Bradford s house.\\nConsulting again our old guide, De Rasieres, I find he tells us, New\\nPlymouth lies on the slope of a hill stretching east, toward the sea-coast,\\nTiiese trees are said to have been planted in 1783, by Thomas Davis.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0295.jp2"}, "292": {"fulltext": "284\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nBUILDING ON THE SITE OF BKADFOKD S MANSION.\\nwith a broad street about a cannon-shot of eight hundi-ed [3 ards] long lead-\\ning down the liill; witli a street crossing in the middle northward to the riv-\\nulet and southward\\nto the land. The\\nhouses are con-\\nstructed of hewn\\nplanks, with gar-\\ndens, also inclosed\\nbehind and at the\\nsides with hewn\\nplanks so that\\ntheir houses and\\ncourt-yards are ar-\\nranged in very\\ngood order, with a\\nstockade against a\\nsudden attack; and\\nat the ends of the\\nstreets there are\\nthree wooden gates.\\nIn the centre, on the cross-street, stands the governor s house, before which\\nis a square inclosure, upon which four pateros [steenstucken] ai e mounted, so\\nas to tiank along the streets. We are standing, then, in the ancient place of\\narms of the Pilgrims.\\nNearest to us, on tlie north side of the square, is the site of Governor Brad-\\nford s house, with the Church of the Pilgrimage just beyond. The dwelling\\nof the governor was long ago removed to the north ])art of the town, and\\nthis, its successor, does not fulfill our want, as tlie veritable habitation of the\\nmuch-honored magistrate would do. Nearly opposite is the old countj court-\\nhouse, erected in 1749. Up at the head of this inclosed space, which long\\ncustom miscalls a square, is tlie First C hnrch, its pinnacles a])pearing dimly\\ntlirough the interweaving branches of tall elms. Tiiere is a coolness as well\\nas a repose about the spot lliat mak( s us loiter.\\nAfter the tragic death of his first wife, l radfbrd bethought him of Mrs.\\nSouth worth, whom he had known and wooed in old England as Alice Carpen-\\nter. She was now a widow. He renewed his suit, and she hearkened to him.\\nBut as the governor could not leave liis magistracy, the lady, ceding her\\nwoman s rights, took ship, and came to Plymouth in August, IC 23. In a\\nfortnight they were married.\\niadford tells how the passengers of the ship A}i7i, of Avhom Mistress\\nSouthworth was one, were affected by what they saw when they first set\\nfoot in I lymouth. They were met by a band of haggard men and women,\\nmeanly a])})areled, and in some cases little better than half-naked. The best", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0296.jp2"}, "293": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 285\\ndish they could set before their friends was a lobster or piece offish, without\\nother drink than a cup of water. Some of the newly arrived fell weeping;\\nothers wished themselves in England again, while even the joy of meeting\\nfriends from whom they had long been separated could not dispel the sad-\\nness of others in beholding their miserable condition. The governor has not\\ntold us of the coming of Alice Southworth, but says simply there were some\\nvery useful persons on board the ship Ann.\\nHere the governor entertained Pere Gabriel Dreuillettes, in 1650, with a\\nfish dinner, because, says the good old Jesuit, it was a Friday. The govern-\\nor was equal to the courtesy yet, I fancy, fish dinners were often eaten in\\nPlymouth.\\nBradford s second Avife survived him thirteen years. With her came his\\nbrother-in-law, George Morton, her sister, Bridget Fuller, and two daughters\\nof Elder Brewster. She lived thirty years with her second husband, and,\\nfrom the tribute of Nathaniel Morton, must have been a woman of an exem-\\nplary and beautiful character. Her sister, Mary Carpenter, lived to be nine-\\nty years old. She is referred to in the church records of Plymouth as a\\ngodly old maid, never married.\\nApropos of the governor s wedding, I extract this notice of the first mar-\\nriage in the colony from his history: May 12th, 1621, was y*^ first marriage\\nin this place, which, according to y*^ laudable custome of y*^ Low Countries,\\nwas thought most requisite to be performed by the magistrate, as being a\\ncivill thing, upon which many questions aboute inheritance doe depende, etc.\\nWhen Edward Winslow was in England as agent of the colony, and was\\ninterrogated at the instance of Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, before the\\nLords Commissioners of the Plantations, he was, among other things, ques-\\ntioned upon this practice of marriage by magistrates. He answered boldly\\nthat he found nothing in Scripture to restrict marriage to the clergy. He\\nalso alleged that the plantation had long been -without a minister, and finish-\\ned by citing, as a precedent, his own marriage by a magistrate at the Staat-\\nhaiis in Holland. Morton, who appeared as an accuser of Winslow, says,\\nThe people of Xew England held the use of a ring in marriage to be a re-\\nliqne of popery, a diabolical circle for the Devell to daunce in.\\nAs soon as they had definitely settled upon a location, the colonists went\\nto work building their town. They began to prepare timber as early as the\\n23d of December, but the inclemency of the season and the distance every\\nthing was to be transported there were no trees standing within an eighth\\nof a mile of the present Leyden Street made the work painfully laborious\\nand the progress slow. On the twenty-eighth day the company was consoli-\\nWife of Samuel Fuller. She gave the church the lot of ground on which the parsonage\\nstood. Alien.\\nSee Appendix to Bradford s History.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0297.jp2"}, "294": {"fulltext": "286\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndated into nineteen families, the single men joining some household in order to\\nlessen the number of houses to be built. They then staked out the ground,\\ngiving every person half a pole in breadth and three in length. Each head of\\na family chose his homestead by lot, and each man was required to build his\\nown house. By Tuesday, the 9th of January, the Common House wanted\\nnothing but the thatch to be complete; still, although it was only twenty\\nfeet square, the weather was so inclement that it took four days to cover it.\\nThey could seldom work half the week.\\nCaptain Smith says, in 1624, the town consisted of two-and-thirty houses\\nand about a hundred and eighty people. The Common House is believed to\\nhave stood on the south side\\nof Leyden Street, where the\\nabrupt descent Qf the hill be-\\ngins. In digging a cellar on\\nthe spot, in 1801, sundry tools\\nand a plate of iron were dis-\\ncovered, seven feet below the\\nsuiface of the ground. This\\nhouse is supposed to have\\nserved the colonists for every\\nj)urpose of a public nature un-\\ntil the building of their for-\\ntress on Burial Hill. Mourt\\ncalls it their rendezvous, and\\nrelates that a few days after completion it took fire from a s])ark in the\\nthatch. At the time of the accident Governor Carver and William Bradford\\nwere lying sick within, with their muskets charged, and the thatch blazing\\nabove them, to their very great danger. In this Common House the working\\nj)arties slept until thoir dwellings were made ready.\\nIt was worth living two hundred years ago to have witnessed one street\\nscene that took place here. John Oldham, the contentious, tlie incorrigible,\\ndared to return to Plymouth after banishment. He had, with Lyford, ti ied\\nto breed a revolt among the disaffected of the colony. A rough and tough\\nmalignant was Oldham, fiercely denouncing the magistrates to their teeth\\nwhen called to answer for liis misdeeds. He defied them roundly in their\\ngrave assembly. Turning to llio by-standers, he exclaimed\\nJNIy maistcrs whar is your harts? now show your courage, you have oft\\ncomplained to me so and so; now is y*^ tyme if you will doe any thing, I will\\nstand by you.\\nHe returned more choleric than before, calling those he met rebels and\\ntraitors, in his mad fury. They put him under guard until liis wrath had\\ntime to cool, and set their invention to work. He was compelled to pass\\nthrough a double file of musketeers, every one of whom was ordered to give\\nSITE OF THE COMMON HOUSE.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0298.jp2"}, "295": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY.\\n287\\nhim a thump on y brich, with y but end of liis musket, and was then con-\\nveyed to the Avater-side, where a boat was in readiness to carry him away.\\nThey then bid him go and mend his manners. The idea of the gantlet was,\\nI suspect, borrowed from the Indians.\\nThis little colony of pilgrims was at first a patriarchal community. Every\\nthing was in common. Each year an acre of land was allotted to every inhab-\\nitant to cultivate. The complete failure of the experiment ought to stand\\nfor a precedent, though it seems somehow to have been forgotten. Men, they\\nfound, would not work for the common interest as for themselves, and so the\\nidea of a community of dependents was abandoned for an association of inde-\\npendent factors. From this time they began to get on. The rent-day did\\nnot trouble them. We are all freeholders, writes i:d\\\\vard Hilton home to\\nEngland. In 1626 the planters bought themselves fi-ee of the undertakers,\\nwho oppressed them with ruinous charges for every thing furnished the col-\\nony. Allerton, who was sent over in 1625 to beg the loan of one hundred\\npounds sterling, was obliged to pay thirty pounds in the hundred interest for\\nthe two hundred pounds he had obtained. In the year 1627 they divided all\\ntheir stock into shares, giving each person, or share, twenty acres of land,\\nbesides the single acre already allotted.\\nIt is time to resume our walk down Leyden Street. On reaching the\\nbhift before mentioned the street divides, one branch descending the decliv-\\nity toward the water, while the other skirts the hill-side. The Universalist\\nChurch at the corner marks the site of the Allyne House, an ancient dwell-\\ning demolish-\\ned about 1826. ____^^^_^^^gj^^^-^\\nBy tlie Plym- .^^;:^^^B5Ci^i^:X:: E3iv^sa^.\\nouth records, it\\nappears that,\\nin 1699, Mr.\\nJoseph Allyne\\nmarried Maiy\\nDoten, daugh-\\nter of Edward,\\nand grand-\\ndaughter of\\nthat Edwai-d\\nDoten Avho had\\ncome in the\\nMayfloxoer.\\nAmong the\\nchildren of Jo-\\nseph Allyne\\nborn in the old\\nTHE ALLYNE HOUSE.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0299.jp2"}, "296": {"fulltext": "288\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nhomestead was Mary, who became the mother of that flame of fii e, James\\nOtis. The house commanded a fine view of the bay, its foundations being\\nhigher than the chimneys in the streets below. It may not, perhaps, be gen-\\nerally known that James Otis, after completing his studies in the office of\\nJeremiah Gridley, then the most eminent lawyer in the j^rovince, came from\\nBoston to Plymouth, where he took an oflice in the main street. He practiced\\nthere during the years 1748- 49, when his talents called him to a broader field.\\nMercy, the sister of James Otis, married James Warren, a native of Plym-\\nouth. He succeeded General Joseph Warren as president of the Provincial\\nCongress of Massachusetts, but is better known as the author of the cele-\\nbrated Committee of Correspondence, which he proposed to Samuel Adams\\nwhile the latter was at his house. Mi s. Warren, at the age of seventy, was\\nvisited by the Duke De Liancourt. She then retained, he says, the activ-\\nity of mind which distinguished her as a sister of James Otis nor had she\\nlost the graces of person or conversational powers, which made her still a\\ncharming companion. For reasons apparent to the reader, she resolved not\\nto send her History\\nof the Revolution to\\nthe press during her\\nhusband s lifetime.\\nGoing beyond the\\nchurch, we come upon\\nthe open space of\\ngreensward, inter-\\nsected by footpaths,\\nknown as Cole s Hill.\\nSome defensive works\\nwere erected on this\\nbank in 1V42, in the\\nlievolution,and again\\nin 1814. I have al-\\nready traversed it\\nin imagination, when\\nstanding on the sum-\\nmit of Burial Hill.\\nIt is no longer a\\n])lace of graves, nor\\ndoes it in the least suggest, by any monumental symbol, the tragedy of the\\nPilgrims first winter here, when, as IJradtbid touchingly says, Y well were\\nnot in any measure sufficient to tend y sicke nor the living scarce able to\\nburie the lead. Their greatest strait was in IMay and June, when there\\nwere no wild fowl. NVinslow says they were without good tackle or seines\\nto take the fish that swam so abuiul.nitlv in the harbor and creeks.\\nTUE JOANNA DAVIS HOLSK, COLE s HILL.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0300.jp2"}, "297": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 289\\nWe may not disguise the fact. The least attractive object is the Rock of\\nthe Forefathers. Tlie stranger wlio comes prepared to do homage to the spot\\nthe Pilgrims feet first pressed, finds his sensibility stricken in a vital place.\\nThe insignificant appearance of the rock itself, buried out of sight beneuth a\\nshrine made with hands, and the separation of the sacred ledge Into two frag-\\nments, each of which claims a divided regard, give a death-blow to the emo-\\ntions of awe and reverence with which he approaches this corner-stone of\\nAmerican history.\\nPlymouth Rock, or rather what is left of it in its original position, is\\nreached by following Water\\nStreet, which, as its name indi-\\ncates, skirts the shore, conduct-\\ning you through a region once\\ndevoted to commerce, now\\napparently consigned to irre-\\ntrievable decay. Near Hedge s\\nWharf, and in close vicinity to\\nthe old Town Dock, is the ob-\\nject of our present search. A\\ncanopy,designed by Billings, has\\nbeen built above it. I entered.\\nIn the stone pavement is a cav-\\nity of perhaps two feet square,\\nand underneath the uneven sur-\\nface the rock appears. I had\\noften wished to stand here, but\\nnow all enthusiasm was none\\nPLYMOUTH ROCK IN IboO.\\noat of me. I liad rather have contented myself with the small piece so long\\ntreasured, and with the loom of the rock as my imagination liad beheld i^\\nthan to stand in the actual presence of it.\\nBy the building of street and wharf on a higher level the rock is now at\\nsome little distance from high-water mark. At one time the sea had heaped\\nthe sand upon it to the depth of twenty feet, but the tradition of the spot\\nhad been well kept, and at the dawn of the Revolution the sand was cleared\\naway, and the rock again laid bare. Tliis was in 1774. In the attempt to re-\\nmove it from its bed it split asunder, the superstitious seeing in this accident-\\nal fractuie a presage of the division of the British empire in America. The\\nupper half, or shell, of Forefathers Rock was removed to the middle of the\\nvillage, and placed at the end of a wall, where, along with vulgar stones, it\\nIn 1741, wlien it was proposed to build a wh-.nf near the rock, it was pointed out as tlie iden-\\ntical landing-place of the Pilgrims l)y Elder Thomas Faunce, who, having been born in 1G46, had.\\nreceived the fact from the original settlers.\\n19", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0301.jp2"}, "298": {"fulltext": "290 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\npropped the embankment. In 1834 tlie fractured half was removed fj-om the\\ntown square to its present position in front of Pilgrim Hall, where it is now\\nThe honor of having first set foot on this threshold of fame is claimed foi*\\nJohn Alden and Mary\u00c2\u00b0Chilton. The question of precedence will probably\\nnever be settled. It is also claimed for the exploring party who landed from\\nthe shallop on Monday, the fist of December, commonly called Forefathers\\nDay.^\\nFor more than two hundred years the 22d of December had been observed\\nas the day of the landing that is, in effect, to say, it had been so observed by\\nthe Pilgrims themselves, by their descendants around their firesides, and had\\nreceived the sanction of formal commemoration, in 1769, by the Old Colony\\nClub. Men were then living who were within two generations of the first\\ncomers, and retained all their traditions unimpaired. After this long period\\nhad elapsed, it was assumed that the Pilgrims had designed to signalize the\\nlanding of the exploring party of eighteen, rather than that from the Mayflow-\\ner, and upon this theory, by adopting the new style, the landing was fixed\\nfor the 21st, a substitution which has been generally acquiesced in by re-\\ncent writers. Unless it is believed that the landing of the party of discovery\\npossessed greater significance to the Pilgrims, and to those who lived within\\nhearing of ^the voices of the J/(\u00c2\u00aby/oM?er, than the disembarkation of the whole\\nbody of colonists on the very strand they had finally adopted for their future\\nhome, the presumption of error in computing the difference between old and\\nnew style has little force.\\nFor six weeks these explorations had continued all along the coast-line of\\nCape Cod, and nothing had been settled until the return of the last party to\\nthe ship. The Mmjfloxcer then sailed for Plymouth, and cast anchor in the\\nharbor on the 16th but the explorations continued, nor was there a decision\\nuntil the 20th as to the best point for fixing the settlement. ISIoreovcr, there\\nare no precise reasons for saying that the first exploring party landed any-\\nwhere within the limits of the present town of Plymoutli, nor any tradition\\nof its making the rock a stepping-stone.\\nWe prefer to believe that the Pilgrims meant to illustrate the landing\\nfrom the JIai/floicer\u00e2\u0080\u0094the event emphasized by poets, painters, and orators\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\nas marking the true era of settlement that the 22d of December was intelli-\\nThis party consisted of eighteen persons\u00e2\u0080\u0094 viz., Miles Standish, John Carver, William Bradford,\\nEdward Wiiislow, John Tilley, Edward Tilloy, John Howland, Richard Warren, Steven Hopkins,\\nand Edward Doten. Besides these were two seamen, John Alderton and Thomas English. Of\\nthe sliii. s company were Clark and C ..ppin, two of the muster s mates, the master-gunner, and\\nthree sailors. This little band of discoverers left the ship at anchor at Cape Cod Harbor on the\\nfgth of December. Monrt calls Alderton and English two of our seamen, in distinction from\\nthe ship s company proper, they having been sent over by the undertakers, in the service of the\\nplantation.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0302.jp2"}, "299": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 291\\ngently adopted by those best able to judge of their intentions; and that an\\nunbroken custom of more than two centuries should remain undisturbed,\\neven if it had originated in a technical error, which we do not believe was the\\ncase. This rock, says the gifted De Tocqueville, has become an object of\\nveneration in the United States. I have seen bits of it carefully preserved in\\nseveral towns of the Union. Does not; this sufficiently show that all human\\npower and greatness is in the soul of man Here is a stone which the feet\\nof a few outcasts pressed for a.i instant, and the stone becomes famous; it is\\ntreasured by a great nation; its very dust is shared as a relic. And what\\nhas become of the gate-ways of a thousand palaces Who cares for them\\nThe skeleton of a body was here before them, but, as Carlyle says, the soul\\nwas wantnig until these men and women came. Mr. Slierley, writino- to Brad-\\nford, says, You are the people that must make a plantation and erect a city\\nin those remote places when all others fail and return.\\nI do not find such conspicuous examples of intolerance amoncr the Pil-\\ngrims as afterward existed in the Bay Colony. Lyford said they were Jes-\\nuits in their ecclesiastical polity, but they permitted him to gather a separate\\nchurch and perform the Episcopal service among them. Beyond question,\\nthey were not willing to see the hierarchy from which thev had fled estab-\\nlish itself in their midst. The intrigues of such men as Lyford within the\\ncolony, and Weston in the company at home, kept back the remnant of their\\nown chosen associates, and re-enforced them with churchmen, or else men of\\nno particular religion or helpfulness.\\nIn November, 1621, the planters received an accession of thirty-five per-\\nsons by the Fortune: It was the custom in the plantation for the governor\\nto call all the able-bodied men together every day, and lead them ^to their\\nwork in the fields or elsewhere. On Christmas-day they were summoned as\\nusual, but most of the new-comers excused themselves, saying it was aoainst\\ntheir consciences to work on that day. The governor told them if they^made\\nit a matter of conscience he would spare them until they were better inform-\\ned. He then led away the rest. When those who had worked came home\\nat noon they found the conscientious observers of the day in the street, at\\nplay; some pitching the bar, and some at stool-ball and like sports. The\\ngovernor went to them, took away their implements, and told them it was\\nagainst his conscience they should play while others worked. If they made\\nkeeping the day a matter of devotion, they must keep their houses, but there\\nmust be no gaming or reveling in the streets. Assuredly there was some\\nfun in William Bradford, governor.\\nOn her return voyage the Fortune was seized by a French man-of-war. Captain Frontenan de\\nPennart, who took Thomas Barton, master, and the rest prisoners to the Isle of Rhe, plundering\\nthe vessel of beaver worth five hundred pounds, belonging to the Pilgrims. The vessel and crew\\nwere discharged after a brief detention.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 British Archives.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0303.jp2"}, "300": {"fulltext": "292 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nHutchinson after all the abuse of him, tlie fairest liistorian as to what\\ntranspired in advance of the Revolutionary period gives the Plymouth col-\\nonists credit for moderation. When Mrs. Hutchinson was banished by Mas-\\nsachusetts, slie and her adherents applied for and obtained leave to settle on\\nAquidneck, then acknowledged to be within the Plymouth patent. Before\\nthis, Roger Williams, who had been their minister, was, after his banishment\\nfrom Salem, kindly used, though requested to remove beyoud their limits, for\\nfear of giving offense to the Massachusetts colony. Many Quakers probably\\nsaved their lives by fleeing to Plymouth, although the Pilgrims detested\\ntheir worship and enacted laws against them. The town of Swanzey was al-\\nmost wholly settled by Baptists.\\nThe relations of the Pilgrims with the Indians were founded in right and\\njustice, aud stood on broader grounds than mere policy. This is shown in\\nthe unswerving attachment of Massasoit, the fidelity of Samoset, and the\\nfriendship of Squanto. The appearance of Samoset in the Pilgrim village\\nwas of good augury to the colony, and is worthy of a more appreciative pen-\\ncil than has yet essayed it.\\nAbout the middle of March, after many flilse alarms of the savages, an In-\\ndian stalked into the town. Passing silently by the houses, he made straight\\nfor the rendezvous, I think I see the matrons and maids peeping through\\ntheir lattices at the dusky intruder. He was tall, straight of limb, and come-\\nly, with long black hair streaming down his bare back, for, except a narrow\\ngirdle about his loins, he was stark naked. When he would have gone into\\nthe rendezvous the guard intercepted him. He was armed with a bow, and\\nin his quiver were only two arrows, one headed, the other unheaded, as indi-\\ncating the pacific nature of his mission. His bearing was frank and fearless,\\nas became a sagamore. Welcome, Englishmen, he said to the by-standers,\\nastounded, as well they might be, on hearing such familiar salutation from the\\nlips of a savage.\\nThe first thing this Indian asked for was beer. The Pilgrims themselves\\npreferred it to water, but they had none left; so they feasted him on good\\nEnglish cheer, and gave him strong watei s to wash it down. His naked body\\nexcited astonishment, and a compassionate Pilgrim cast a horseman s cloak\\nabout him. Of all the assembly that encircled him, Samoset alone seemed\\nuiiconcerneil. The settlers had seen skulking savages t)ii the hills, but they\\nknew not what to make of this fellow, who thus dropped in on them, as it\\nwere, for a morning call. Since their first encounter with the Nauset Indians,\\nthey expected enmity, and not IVieiidshi]). A midnight assault in their un-\\n])i-epared state was the thing most dreaded. I eace or war seemed to reside\\nin the person of this Indian. They watched him narrowly. At night-fall they\\nhoped he would take his leave; but he showed neither disposition to de])art,\\nFirst spelled Swansea, and named from Swansea, in South Wales,", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0304.jp2"}, "301": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 293\\nnor distrust at beholding himself the evident object of mingled fear and sus-\\npicion. They concluded to send him on board the Mayflower for safe-keeping,\\nand Samoset went willingly to the shallop but it was low tide, and they\\ncould not reach the vessel. So they lodged him in Steven Hopkins s house.\\nThe next day he left them to go to Massasoit, and they finished by recogniz-\\ning him as a friend, sent them by Heaven. Samoset was the Pemaquid chief,\\nof whom we should gladly know more than we do. His communications were\\nof importance to the Pilgrims, for Bradford admits that the exact description\\nhe gave them of his own country and of its resources was very profitable to\\nthem. I suppose it led to their establishing the trading-houses at Penobscot\\nand Kennebec, and to the addition of the strip of country on the latter river\\nto their patent of 1629, afterward enlarged by other tracts purchased of the\\nIndians, The Pilgrims preferred trading to fishing, and no subsequent colony\\nhad such an opportunity to enrich themselves; but it was the policy of the\\nEnglish adventurers to keep them poor, and it may be questioned whether\\nthey developed the shrewdness in traflic for which their descendants have\\nbecome renowned.\\nSamoset s coming paved the way for that of Massasoit, who made his en-\\ntry into Plymouth witii Indian pomp, in March. He was preceded by Samo-\\nset and Squanto, who informed the settlers that the king was close at hand.\\nThe Pilgrims were then assembled under arms on the top of Burial Hill, en-\\ngaged in military exercise, and witnessed the approach of Massasoit with his\\nsavage letinue of sixty warriors. Here were two representative delegations\\nof the Old World and the New; the English in steel caps and corslets, tlie\\nIndians in wild beasts skins, paint, and feathers. The beai ing of the Chris-\\ntians was not more martial than that of the savages,\\nTlie Pilgrims stood on their dignity, and waited. At the king s request,\\nEdward Winslow went out to hold parley with him. His shining armor de-\\nlighted the Indian sachem, who would have bought it, together with his\\nsword, on the spot, but Winslow was unwilling to part with either. After\\nmutual salutations and some talk of King James, Massasoit, accompanied by\\ntwenty, proceeds to the tow^i, leaving Winslow a hostage in the hands of\\nQnadequina, his brother. At the town brook Massasoit is met by Standish\\nwith half a dozen musketeers. Here are more grave salutations, and then the\\nking is conducted to an unfinished house, where the utmost state the Pilgrims\\ncould contrive was a gi-een rug and three or four cushions placed on the floor.\\nThere is a roll of drum and blast of trumpet in the street, and Bradford,\\nattended by musketeers, enters. He kisses the hand of the New England\\nprince tho says Monrt, the king looked gi-easily and the savage\\nSqiianto was one of tlie Indians kidnaped by Hunt, and the last surviving native inlialiitant\\nof Plymouth. He hud lived in Loudon with Joliu Slany, meiciiant, treasurer of the Newfoundland\\nCompany.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0305.jp2"}, "302": {"fulltext": "294 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nkisses Bradford. Then they sit. The governor calls for a stoup of strong\\nwaters, which he quaffs to the king, after the manner of chivalry; the royal\\nsavage drinks, in return, a great draught, that makes him sweate all the time\\nafter.\\nGive me the cups,\\nAnd let the kettle to the trumpet speak,\\nThe trumpet to the cannoneer without,\\nThe cannons to the iieavens, tlie heaven to earth,\\nNow the king drinks to Hamlet. Come, begin.\\nIt may interest some readers to know what a real Indian king was like.\\nHe was, says an eye-witness, a very lustie man, in his best yeares, an able\\nbody, grave of countenance, and spare of speech in his Attyre little or noth-\\ning differing from the rest of his followers, only in a great Chaine of white\\nbone Beades about his necke; and at it behinde his necke hangs a little bagg\\nof Tobacco, which he dranke and gave us to drinke; his face was painted with\\na sad red like raurry, and oyled both head and face, that hee looked greasily.\\nAll his followers, likewise, were in their faces in whole or in part painted,\\nsome blacke, some red, some yellow, and some white, some with crosses, and\\nother Antick workes, some had skins on them, and some naked, all strong,\\ntall, all men in appearance.\\nOne thing I forgot; the king had in his bosonie, hanging to a string, a\\ngreat long knife. He marvelled much at our trumpet, and some of his men\\nwould sound it as well as they could. Mourt also states that the king trem-\\nbled with fear while he sat by the governor, and that the savages showed\\nsuch ap))rehension of the fire-arms that the governor caused them to be re-\\nmoved during the conference.\\nThis was the first American Congress of which I have found mention.\\nThe Indians knew what a treaty of amity meant. They needed no instruc-\\ntion in international law. I believe they knew the Golden Rule, or had a\\nstrong inkling of it. That was a convention more famous than the Field of\\nthe Cloth of Gold, tliough there Avere but a green rug and a few cushions.\\nThe peace, Bradford writes, hath now (1G45) continued this twenty-four\\nyears. To wliich I may add, says Prince, yt 30 years longer, viz., to\\n1GV5.\\n^rhe Indians, at the enteilainment given them in Plymouth, partook heart-\\nily of the food set before them, biil they could not be induced to taste spices\\nor condiments. Salt was not used by them. Gosnold regaled them with a\\n])icnic at the Vineyard, of which John Brereton says, the Indians misliked\\nnothing but our mustard, wliei-cat tlu y made many a sowre face. I doubt\\nnot the English spread it thickly on the meat, even at the hazard of good\\nunderstanding.\\nIt took these simple natives a long time to compi ehend the English meth-\\nod of corres[)ondence. They could not penetrate tiic mystery of talking pa-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0306.jp2"}, "303": {"fulltext": "fLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 295\\nper. There is a story of an Indian sent by Governor Dudley to a lady with\\nsome oranges, the present being accompanied with a letter in which the num-\\nber was mentioned. When out of the town, the Indian put the letter under\\na stone, and going a short distance oiF, ate one of the oranges. His astonish-\\nment at finding the theft discovered was unbounded.\\nI did not omit a ramble among the wharves, but saw little that would in-\\nterest the reader. When you are there, the proper thing to do is to take a\\nboat and cross the bay to Clark s Island and Duxbury. We sailed over the\\nsubmerged piles at the end of Long Wharf; for the pier, once the pride of\\nPlymouth, was fast going to wreck. The tops of the piles, covered with sea-\\nweed kept in motion by the waves, bore an unpleasant resemblance to drown-\\ned human heads bobbing up and down. As we passed close to the new light-\\nhouse off Beach Point, the boatman remarked that when it was being placed\\nin position the caisson slipped in the slings, and dropped to the bottom near-\\ner the edge of the channel than was desirable.\\nHaving wind enough, we were soon up with Saquish Head, and in a few\\nminutes more were fast moored to the little jetty at Clark s Island. The\\npresence at one time of two islands in Plymouth Bay is fully attested by\\ncompetent witnesses. Many have supposed Brown s Island, a shoal seaward\\nof Beach Point, to have been one of these, tradition affirming that the stumps\\nof trees have been seen there. One author believes Brown s Island to have\\nbeen above water in the time of the Pilgrims. Champlain locates two islands\\non Duxbury side, with particulars that leave no doubt where they then were.\\nMourt twice mentions them, and they are on Blauw s map inside the Gurnet\\nheadland. In an account of Plymouth Harbor, printed near the close of the\\nlast century, two islands are mentioned Clark s, consisting of about one\\nhundred acres of excellent land, and Saquish, which was joined to the Gurnet\\nby a narrow piece of sand for several years the water has made its way\\nacross and insulated it. The Gurnet is an eminence at the southern extrem-\\nity of the beach, on which is a light-house, built by the State.\\nBradford mentions the narrow escape of their pinnace from shipwreck on\\nher return from Narraganset in 1623, by driving on y^ flats that lye with-\\nout, caled Brown s Hands. Winthrop relates that in 1635 two shallops,\\ngoing, laden with goods, to Connecticut, were taken in the night with an east-\\nerly storm and cast away upon Brown s Island, near the Gurnett s Nose, and\\nthe men all drowned. In 1806 it was, as now, a shoal. There can be little\\ndispute as to Saquish having been permanently united to the main-land by\\nthose shifting: movements common to a sea-coast of sand.\\nWinsor, History of Duxbury, p. 26, note.\\nSee ante, also Massachusetts Historical Collections, vol. ii., p. 5. First light-house erected\\n1763 burned 1801.\\nSaquish is the Indian for clams. They are of extraordinary size in Plymouth and Duxbury.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0307.jp2"}, "304": {"fulltext": "296\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nIt is rather remarkable tliat, wit!) a sea-coast exceeding that of the other\\nNew Englaiul colonies, Plymouth had so few good harbors. The beach, the\\nsafeguard of Plymouth, was once covered on the inner side with plum and\\nwild cherry trees, pitch-pines, and undergrowth similar to that existing on\\nCape Cod and the adjacent islands, Tlie sea has, in great storms, made a\\nclean breach through it, digging channels by which vessels passed. There\\nwas a shocking disaster within the liarbor in December, 1778, when the pri-\\nvateer brig General Arnold broke from her anchorage in the Cow Yard, and\\nwas driven by the violence of the gale upon the sand-flats. Twenty-four\\nhours elapsed before assistance could be rendered, and when it arrived sev-\\nenty-five of tlie crew had perished frotu freezing and exhaustion, and the re-\\nmainder were more dead than alive.\\nAs we sailed I observed shoals of herring breaking water, or, as the fisher-\\nmen word it, scooting. Formerly they were taken in prodigious quantity,\\nand used by the Pilgrims to enrich their land. Squanto gave them the hint\\nof putting one in every hill of corn. His manner of fishing for eels, I may\\nadd, was new to me. lie trod them out of the mud with his feet, and caught\\nthem in his hands. I was surprised at the number of seals continually rising\\nAn anclionige near Clark s Island, so called from a cow-wliale liavin;^ been taken there.\\nTiie following acconnt of what straits light-keepers have been snhjeoted to in coast-harbors\\nduring the past winter will perhaps he read with some surprise by those acquainted with Plymouth\\nonly in its summer aspect: On Tuesday evening, Fcbruaiy 9th. 1S7. the United States reveiuie\\nsteamer Gallalin put into riyniimlh liailior for tiie ni^lit, to avoid a north-west gale blowing out-\\nside. On the morning of the lOili, at daylight, when getting tnider way, Captain Selden discovered\\n11 signal of distress flying on Diixhiny Tier Light. The light-house was so sm-rotmded by ice that\\nhe was utterly unable to reach the pier with a boat; the ca])tain, therefore, steamed the vessel\\nthrough the ice near enough to winvorse with the keeper, and found that he had had no communi-\\ncation with any one outside of the light since December 2 id, 1874; that his fuel and water were\\nout; and that they had been on an allowance of a ])int of water a day since February Gth, 1875.\\nThe steamer forced her way to within some fifty or seventy-live yards of the pier, when Lieutenants\\nWeston and Clayton, with the boats, succeeded, after two lioius hard work cutting through the\\nice, in reaching the pier, and furnished the keeper and his wife with jilenty of wood and water.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0308.jp2"}, "305": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY.\\n20:\\nwithin half a cable s length of the boat, at which they curiously gazed with\\ntheir bright liquid eyes. We did them no harm as ever and anon one pushed\\nhis sleek round head and whiskered muzzle above water. Hundreds of them\\ndisport themselves here in summer, though in winter they usually migrate.\\nIt is only a little way frotn the landing-place at Clark s Island to the ven-\\nerable Watson mansion, seen embowered among trees as we approached.\\nThe parent house\\nwas removed from\\nits first situation,\\nrather nearer the\\nwater than it now\\nstands, and has\\nincorporated with\\nitself newer addi-\\ntions,till it is quite\\nlost in the trans-\\nformation it has\\niindei gone. The\\nisland is a charm-\\ning spot, and the\\nhouse a substan-\\ntial, hospitable\\none. I did not\\nlike it the less be-\\ncause it was old, and seemed to carry me something nearer to the Pilgrims\\nthan any of the white band of houses I saw across the bay. Ducks, turkeys,\\ngeese, and fowls lived in good-fellowship together in the barn-yard, where\\nwere piled unseaworthy boats; and store of old lumber-drifts the sea had pro-\\nvided against the Avinter. The jaw-bone of a whale, that Mr. Watson said he\\nhad found stranded on the beach, and brought home on his back, lay bleach-\\ning in the front yard. I may have looked a trifle incredulous, for the hah;\\nold gentleman, turned, I should say, of three-score, drew himself up as if he\\nwould say, Sir, I can do it again.\\nAfter showing ns his family portraits, ancient furniture, and other heir-\\nlooms, our host told us how Sir Edmund Andros had tried to dispossess his\\nancestors. My companion and myself then took the path leading to Election\\nRock, that owes its name, doubtless, to some local event. It is a large boul-\\nder, about twelve feet high, on the highest point of the island. Two of its\\nThere is tradition for it that Edward Dotey, the fighting serving-man, was the first who at-\\ntempted to land on Clark s Island, but was checked for his presumption. Elkanah Watson was\\none of the three oiiginal grantees of tlie island, which has remained in the family since 1690. Pre-\\nvious to that time it belonged to the town. Tiie other proprietors were Samuel Lucas and George\\nMorton.\\nWATSON S HOUSE, CLAKK S ISLAND.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0309.jp2"}, "306": {"fulltext": "298\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nELECTION ROCK, CLARK S ISLAND.\\nfaces are precipitous, while the western side offers an easy ascent. At the\\ninstance of the Pilgrim Society, the following w^ords, from Mourt s Re-\\nlation, have been graven on its\\nface:\\nOn the\\nSabboth Day-\\nwee rested.\\n20 December,\\n1620.\\nAs is well known to all who\\nhave followed the fortunes of the\\nlittle band of eighteen and who\\nhas not followed them in their\\ntoilsome progress in search of a\\nhaven of rest? their shallop, after\\nnarrowly escaping wreck among\\nthe shoals of Saquish, gained a safe anchorage under the shelter of one of the\\nthen existing islands. It is probable that when they rounded Saquish Head\\nthey found themselves in smoother water.\\nThe gale had carried away their mast and sail. Their pilot proved not\\nonly ignorant of the place into which he was steering, but a coward when the\\npinch came. They were on the point of beaching the shallop in a cove full\\nof breakers, when one of the sailors bid them about with her, if they Avere\\nmen, or else they \u00e2\u0096\u00a0would be all lost. So that the fortunes of the infant col-\\nony hung, at this critical moment, on the presence of mind of a nameless\\nmariner.\\nCold, hungry, and wet to the skin, tliey remained all night in a situation\\nwhich none but the roughest campaigner would know how rightly to estimate.\\nThe Indians had met them, at Eastham, with such determined hostility that\\nthey expected no better reception here. Their arms were wet and unserv-\\niceable. As usual, present discomfort triumphed over their fears, for many\\nwere so much exhausted that they could no longer endure their misery on\\nboard the shallop. Some of them gained the shore, where with great diffi-\\nculty they lighted a fire of the wet wood they were able to collect. The re-\\nmainder of tlie party were glad to join them befoi-e midnight; for the wind\\nshifted to north-west, and it began to freeze. They had little idea where\\nthey were, having come upon the land in the dark. It was not until day-\\nbreak that they knew it to be an island. Surely, these were times to try the\\nsouls of men, and to wring the selfishness out of them.\\nTins night bivquac, this vigil of the Pilgrims around their blazing camp-\\nfire, the flames painting their bronzed faces, and sending a grateful warmth\\ninto benumbed bodies, was a subject worthy the pencil of Rembrandt. I\\ndoubt that they dared lay their armor aside or shut tlieir eyes the live-long\\nnight. I believe they were glad of the dawn of a bright and glorious Decern-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0310.jp2"}, "307": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 299\\nber day. They dried tlieir bulF coats, cleansed their arms of rust, and felt\\nthemselves once more men fit for action. Then they shouldered their mus-\\nkets and reconnoitred the island. Probably the eighteen stood on the sum-\\nmit of this rock.\\nI found Clark s Island to possess a charm exceeding any so-called restora-\\ntion or monumental insci iption the cliarm of an undisturbed state. No\\ndoubt much of the original forest has disappeared, and Boston has yet to re-\\nturn the cedar gate-posts so carefully noted by every succeeding chronicler\\nof the Old Colony. A few scrubby originals of this variety yet, however, re-\\nmain and the eastern side of the island is not destitute of trees. The air\\nwas sweet and wholesome, the sea-breeze invigorating. In the quietude of\\nthe isle the student may open his history, and read on page and scene the\\nstory of a hundred English hearts sorely tried, but triumphing at last.\\nHistory has not told us how the eighteen adventurous Pilgrims passed\\ntheir first Sabbath on Clark s Island. One writer says very simply wee\\nrested; and his language re-appears on the tablet of imperishable rock.\\nBradford says, on the last day of y*^ weeke they prepared ther to keepe y\u00c2\u00ae\\nSabbath. If ever they had need of rest it was on this day; and if ever they\\nhad reason to give thanks for their manifold deliverances, now was the oc-\\ncasion. They would hardly have stirred on any enterprise without their\\nBible and probably one having the imprint of Geneva, with figured verses,\\nwas now produced. Bradford, yet ignorant of his wife s death, may have\\nprayed, and Winslow exhorted, as both admit they often did in the church.\\nMaster Carver may have struck the key-note of the Hundredth Psalm, the\\ngrand old Puritan anthem; and even IMiles Standish and the saylers\\nthree, may have joined in the forest hymnal.\\nHood, in his History of Music in New England, speaking of the early\\npart of the eighteenth century, says: Singing psalms, at that day, had not\\nbecome an amusement among the people. It was used, as it ever ought to\\nbe, only as a devotional act. So great was the reverence in which their\\npsalm-tunes were held, that the people put off their hats, as they would in\\nprayer, whenever they heard one sung, though not a word was uttered.\\nOn leaving Clark s Island we steered for Captain s Hill. By this time the\\nwater liad become much roughened, or, to borrow a word from the boatmen s\\nvocabulary, choppy; I should have called it hilly. Our attempt to land\\nat Duxbury was met with great kicking, bouncing, and squabbling on the\\npart of the boat, which seemed to like the chafing of the wharf as little as we\\ndid the idea of a return to Plymouth against wind and tide. Quiet persever-\\nSaturday, December 9th, Old Style.\\nNo reasonable doubt can be entertained that the Pilgrims first religious services were held in\\nProvincetown Harbor, either on board the Manflower or on shore. They were not the men and\\nwomen to permit several Sabbaths to pass by without devotional exercises.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0311.jp2"}, "308": {"fulltext": "300 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nancc, liowever, prevailed, and, after clambering np the piles, we stood upon\\nthe wharf. A short walk by the cart-way, built to fetch stone from the pier\\nto the monument, brought us to the brow of the hill.\\nCaptain s Hill, named from Captain Miles Standish, its early possessor, is on\\na peninsula jutting out between Duxbury and Plymouth bays. Its surface\\nis smooth, with few trees, except those belonging to the farm-houses near its\\nbase. The soil, that is elsewhere in Duxbury sandy and unproductive, is here\\nrather fertile, which accounts for its having become the seat of the puissant\\nCaptain Standish. The monument, already mentioned as in progress, had ad-\\nvanced as high as the foundations. As originally planned, it was to be built\\nof stones contributed by each of the Xew England States, and by the several\\ncounties and military organizations of Massachusetts.\\nStandish, about 1632, settled upon this peninsula, building his house on a\\nlittle rising ground south-east of the hill near the shore. All traces that are\\nleft of it will be found on the point of land opposite ]Mr. Stephen M. Allen s\\nhouse. The cellar excavation was still visible when I visited it, with some\\nof the foundation-stones lying loosely about. Except a clump of young trees\\nthat had become rooted in the hollows, the point is bare, and looks any thing\\nbut a desirable site for a homestead. Plymouth is in full view, as is also the\\nliarbor s open mouth. The space between the headland on which the house\\nstood and Captain s Hill was at one time either an arm of the sea, or else in\\ngreat gales the water broke over the level, forming a sort of lagoon. Mr.\\nWinsor, in his History of Duxbury, says the sea, according to tiie tradi-\\ntions of the place, once flowed between Standish s house and the hill. The\\nground about the house, he adds, has been turned up in years past, the search\\nbeing rewarded by the recovery of several relics of the old inhabitant. The\\nhouse is said to have been burned, but so long ago that even the date has\\nbeen quite forgotten. On this same neck Elder Brewster is believed to have\\nlived, but the situation of his dwelling is at best doubtful.\\nThe earliest reference I have seen to the tradition of John Ahlen l o]iping\\nthe question to Priscilla Mullins for his friend. Miles Standish, is in .Vlden s\\nKpitaplis, printed in 1814. No mention is there of the snow-white bull,\\nLed by a cord that was tied to an iron ring in its nostrils,\\nCovered witli crimson cloth, and a cushion placed for a saddle.\\nJohn Alden s marriage took jilace, it is supposed, in 1621. Tiie first cattle\\nbrought to Plymouth were a bull, a heifer, and three or four jades, sent by\\nMr. Sherley, of the Merchant s Association, in 1624. They were consigned to\\nThe first substance discovered was a (|iiaiitity of barley, charred and wrapped in a blanket.\\nAshes, as fresh as if the fire had just been extinguisiied, were found in the chimney-place, with\\njiieces of an amliron, iron pot, and other articles. There were discovered, also, a gun-lock, sickle,\\nhammer, whetstone, and fragments of stone and earthen ware. A sword-buckle, tomahawk, brass\\nkettle, etc., witii glass beads, showing tiie action of intense heat, likewise came to light.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0312.jp2"}, "309": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY. 301\\nWinslow and Allerton, to be sold. The tradition of the embassy of Aiden,\\nand of the incomparably arch rejoinder of PrisciDa, Prythee, John, why don t\\nyou speak for yourself? was firmly believed in the family of Alden, where,\\nalong with that of the young cooper having first stepped ou the ever-famous\\nrock, it had passed from the mouth of one generation to another, without\\ngainsaying.\\nI am not of those who experience a thrill of joy at destroying the illusions\\nof long-hoarded family traditions. What of romance has been interwoven\\nwith the singularly austere lives of the Puritans, gracious reader, let us cher-\\nish and protect. The province of the Dryasdust of to-day is to bewilder, to\\ndeny the existence of facts that have passed without challenge for centuries.\\nThe farther he is from the event, the nearer he accounts himself to truth.\\nHistoric accuracy becomes another name for historic anarchy. Xothing is\\nsettled. The grand old characters he strips of their hard-earned fame can\\nnot confront him. Would they might Columbus, Tell, Pocahontas, are im-\\npostors: Ireson s Ride and Standish s Courtship are rudely handled. His\\ntactics would destroy the Christian religion. Without doubt mere historic\\ntruth is better written in prose, but by all means let us put a stop to the\\nslaughter of all the first-born of Xew England poesy. Let us have Puritan\\nlovers and sweethearts while we may. What is your authority? asked a\\nvisitor of the guide who \\\\tas relating the story of a ruined castle. We have\\ntradition, and if you liave any thing better we will be glad of it.\\nThe position of Standish in the colony was in a degree anomalous, for he\\nwas neither a church member nor a devout man. But the Pilgrims, who\\nknew on occasion how to smite with the sword, did not put too trifling an\\nestimate upon the value of the little iron man. He seems to have deserved,\\nas he certainly received, their confidence, as well in those aff airs arising out\\nof religious disorders among them as in those of a purely military character.\\nWhen wanted, they knew where he was to be found.\\nAfter his fruitless embassy to England, Standish seems to have turned his\\nsword into a pruning-hook, leading a life of rural simplicity, perhaps of com-\\nparative ease. He had, as the times went, a goodly estate. There is little\\ndoubt he was something splenetic and rash, or that the elders feared he\\nwould bring them into trouble by his impetuous temper. He was of a race\\nof soldiers. Hubbard calls him a little chimney soon fired. Lyford speaks\\nof him as looking like a silly boy, and in utter contempt. The Pilgrims man-\\naged his infirmities with address, and he served them faithfully as soldier and\\nmagistrate. It is passing strange a man of such consequence as he should\\nsleep in an unknown grave.\\nNear the foot of Captain s Hill is an old gambrol-roofed house, with the\\nI find that a Captain Standish, who is called a great commander, a captain of foot, was killed\\nin an attack by Lord Strange on Manchester, England, during the Civil War, 1642.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0313.jp2"}, "310": {"fulltext": "302\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndate of 1666 on the chimney. At the entrance the stairs part on each side of\\nan immense chimney-stack. The timbers, rough-hewn and exposed to view,\\nare bolted with tree-nails. One fire-place would have contained a Yule-log\\nfrom any tree in the primeval forest. The hearth was in breadth like a side-\\nwalk. On the doors were wooden latches, or bobbins, with the latch-string\\nout, as we read in nursery tales. The front of the house was covered with\\nclimbing vines, and, taken altogether, as it stood out against the dark back-\\nground of the hill, was as picturesque an object as I have seen in many a\\nday.\\nI %vould like to walk with you two miles faither on, and visit the old Al-\\nden homestead, the third that has been inhabited by the family since pilgi-im\\nJohn built by the margin of Eagle Tree Pond. This old house, erected by\\nColonel Alden, grandson of the fii st-comer of the name, is still in the same\\nfamily, and would well repay a visit but time and tide wait for us.\\nFarther on I have rambled over ancient Careswell, the seat of the Wins-\\nlows, a family with a continuous stream of history, from Edward, the govern-\\nor, who became one of Cromwell s Americans, and died in his service (you\\nmay see his letters in the ponderous folios of Thurloe), down to the winner in\\nthe sea-fight between the Kearsarge and Alabama. Beyond is the mansion\\nDaniel Webster inhabited in his lifetime, and the hill where, among the an-\\ncient graves, he lies entombed. Here, in Kingston, General John\\nThomas, of the Revolution, lived.\\nAnother military chieftain, little less renowned than Standish,\\nwas Colonel Benjamin Church, the famous Indian fighter. He was\\nPlymouth-born, but lived some time in Duxbury. In turning over\\nthe pages of Philip s and King William s wars, we meet him often\\nenough, and always giving a good account of himself One act of\\nthe Plymouth authorities during Philip s war deserves eternal in-\\nfamy. It drew from Church the whole-hearted denunciation of\\na brave man.\\nDuring that war Dartmouth was destroyed. The Dartmouth\\nIndians had not been concerned in this outrage, and after much\\npersuasion were induced to surrender themselves to the Plym-\\nouth forces. They were conducted to Plymouth. The Govern-\\nment ordered all of them to be sold as slaves, and they were\\ntransported out of the country, to the number of one hundred\\nand sixty.\\nI despaired of being able to match this act of treachery Avith any con-\\ntemporaneous history. But here is a fragment that somewhat approaches it\\nCIIIUCII s\\n8W0U1\\nTliis house lias been stated to liave been Imilt in part of materials from the house of Captain\\nMiles Standish.\\nUavless s New 1 1\\\\ tikiiiiIi.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0314.jp2"}, "311": {"fulltext": "PLYMOUTH, CLARK S ISLAND, AND DUXBURY.\\n303\\nin villainy. In 1684 the King of France wrote M. de la Barre, Governor of\\nNew France, to seize as many of the Iroquois as possible, and send them to\\nFrance, where they were to serve in the galleys, in order to diminish the tribe,\\nwhich was warlike, and waged war against the French. Many of them were\\nactjially in the galleys of Marseilles.\\nThe balance is still in our favor. In 1755 we expatriated the entire\\nFrench population of Acadia. Mr. Longfellow tells the story graphically in\\nEvangeline. John Winslow, of Marshiield, was the instrument chosen by\\nthe home government for the work. It was conducted with savage barbarity.\\nFamilies were separated, wives from husbands, children from parents. They\\nwere parceled out like cattle among the English settlements. Their aggre-\\ngate number was nearly two thousand persons, thenceforth without home or\\ncountry. One of these outcasts, describing his lot, said, It was the hardest\\nthat had happened since our Saviour was upon earth. The story is true.\\nOur little boat worked her way gallantly back to Plymouth. Though\\nthoroughly wet with the spray she had flung from her bows, I was not ill-\\npleased with the expedition. Figuratively speaking, my knapsack was pack-\\ned, my staff and wallet waiting my grasp. With the iron horse that stood\\npanting at the door I made in two hours the journey that Winthrop, Endi-\\ncott, and Winslow took two days to accomplish. Certainly I found Plym-\\nouth much changed. The Pilgrims would hardly recognize it, though now,\\nas in centuries before their coming,\\nThe waves that brought them o er\\nStill roll in the bay, and throw their spray,\\nAs they break along the shore.\\nMassachusetts Archives.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0315.jp2"}, "312": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN FROM THE HILLS.\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nPROVINCETOWN.\\nA man may stand there and put all America behind him. Thoreatj.\\nA S it was already dark when I arrived in Provincetown, I saw only tlie\\nglare from the lantern of Highland Light in passing through Truro, and\\nthe gleaming from those at Long Point and Wood End, before the train drew\\nup at the station. It having been a rather busy day with me (I had embark-\\ned at Nantucket in the morning, idled away a few hours at Vineyard Haven,\\nand rested as many at Coliasset Narrows), it will be easily uiid( rstood why I\\nleft the investigation of my whereabouts to the morrow. ]\\\\Iy wants -were at\\nthis moment reduced to a bed, a pair of clean sheets, and plenty of blankets;\\nfor though the almanac said it was Jtdy in Provincetown, the night breeze\\nblowing freshly was strongly suggestive of November.\\nIt was Swift, I think, who said lie never knew a man reach eminence mIio\\nwas not an early riser. Doubtless the good doctor was right. But, then, if\\nhe iiad lodged as I lodged, and had risen as I did, two mortal hours before\\nbreakfast-tiiiic, he might liave allowed Iris j)recept to have its exceptions. I\\ndevoted these houi s to rambling about the town.\\nThough not more than half a hundred miles from Boston, as the crow\\nHies, Cape Cod is regarded as a sort o^ terra incognita by fully half of New\\nKiigland. It has always been considered a good place to emigrate from,\\nrather than as offering inducements for its young men and women to re-\\nmain at home; though no class of New Englanders, I should add, are more\\nwarmly attached to the place of their nativity. The ride throughout the\\nCape atloi-cls the most impressive example of the tenacity with which a pojv\\nulatioii clings to locality that has ever come under my observation. To one", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0316.jp2"}, "313": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN.\\n306\\naccustomed to tlie fertile slioves of Xarraganset Bay or the valley of the Con-\\nnecticut, the region between Sandwich, where you enter upon the Cape, and\\nOrleans, where you reach the bend of the fore-arm, is bad enough, though no\\ndesert. Beyond this is simply a wilderness of sand.\\nThe surface of the country about Brewster and Orleans is rolling prairie,\\nbarren, yet thinly covered with an appearance of soil. Stone walls divide the\\nfields, but from here down the Cape you will seldom see a stone of any size in\\ngoing thirty miles. My faith in Pilgrim testimony began to diminish as I\\nlooked on all sides, and in vain, for a spit s-depth of excellent black earth,\\nsuch as they tell of It has, perchance, been blown away, or buried out of\\nsight in the shiftings constantly going on here. Eastham, Wellfleet, and\\nCOHASSET NAKKOWS.\\nTruro grow more and more forbidding, as you approach the Ultima TJmle or\\nland s end.\\nMr. Thoreau, who has embodied the results of several excursions to the\\nCape in some admirable sketches, calls it the bared and bended arm of Massa-\\nchusetts. Mr. Everett had already used the same figure. To me it looks like\\na skinny, attenuated arm thrust within a stocking for mending\u00e2\u0080\u0094 the bony\\nelbow at Chatham, the wrist at Truro, and the half-closed fing ^rs at Prov-\\nincetown. It seems quite down at the heel about Orleans, and as if much\\ndarning would be needed to make it as good as new. It was something to\\nconceive, and more to execute, such a tramp as Thoreau s, for no one ouglu to\\nThere is a well-defined line of demarkation between the almost uninterrupted rock wall of\\nthe north coast and the sand, which, beginning in the Old Colonv, in Scituate, constitutes Cape\\nCod; and, If we consider Nantucket, Martha s Vineyard, and Long Island as having at some pe-\\nriod formed the exterior shores, the almost unbroken belt of sand continues to Florida. This line\\nIS so httle imaginary that it is plain to see where granite gives place to sand and it is sufficientiv\\ncuiious to arrest the attention even of the unscientific explorer.\\n20", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0317.jp2"}, "314": {"fulltext": "306\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nattempt it who can not rise superior to his surroundings, and sliake off the\\ngloom the weird and wide-spread desolateness of the landscape inspires. I\\nwould as lief have marched with Napoleon from Acre, by Mount Carmel,\\nthrough the moving sands of Tentoura.\\nThe resemblance of the Cape to a hook appears to have struck navigators\\nquite early. On old Dutch maps it is delineated with tolei-able accuracy, and\\nnamed Staaten Hoeck, and the bay inclosed within the bend of it Staaten\\nBay. Massachusetts Bay is Noord Zee, and Cape Malabar Ylacke\\nHoeck. Milford Haven appears about where Eastham is now located. On\\nthe earliest map of Champlain the extremity of the Cape is called C. Blanc,\\nor the White Cape. Mather says of Cape Cod, he supposes it will never lose\\nthe name till swarms of codfish be seen swimming on the highest hills.\\nThis hook, though a sandy one, caught many a school of migratory fish,\\nand even whales found themselves often embayed in the bight of it, on their\\nway south, until, from being so long hunted down, they learned to keep a\\ngood ofiiiig. It also caught all the southerly drift along shore, such as stray\\nP::^^^?^-^-.-^-\\nlIIGIILANn LIGHT, CAPE COD.\\nslii])S from France and England. iKartholomcw Gosnold and Jolm BrtTcton\\nwere the first white men to land on it. De Monts, Champlain, De Poutrin-\\ncourt, Smith, and finally the Forefathers, were brought up and turned back\\nby it.\\nBradford, under date of 1G20, writes thus in his journal: A woi d or two\\nby y way of this Cape it was thus first nanu d (Cape Cod) by Captain Gos-\\nnold and his company, An 1002, and alUM- by Captrn Sniitli was caled Cape\\nJames; but it retains y I oriiicr name amongst sea-men. Also y poiiite which\\nLequel nous iiomm mcs C. Blanc pour ce que c estoient sables et dunes qui paroissent\\naiiisi.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0318.jp2"}, "315": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN. 30 7\\nfirst shewed those dangerous shoulds unto them, they called Point Care, and\\nTucker s Terrour but y\u00c2\u00b0 French and Dutch, to this day, call it Malabarr, by\\nreason of those perilous shoulds, and y losses they have suttered their.\\nNotwithstanding what Bradford says, the name ofMallebarre is affixed to\\nthe extreme point of Cape Cod on early French maps. In Smith s New En-\\ngland is the following description:\\nCape Cod is the next presents itselfe, which is onely a headland of high\\nhills of sand, overgrowne with shrubbie pines, hurts, and such trash, but an\\nexcellent harbor for all weathers. The Cape is made by the maine sea on\\nthe one side and a great Bay on the other, in forme of a sickle; on it doth\\ninhabit the people of Pawmet; and in the bottome of the Bay, the people of\\nChawum. Towards the south and south-west of this Cape is found a long\\nand dangerous shoale of sands and rocks. But so farre as I encircled it, I\\nfound thirtie fadom water aboard the shore and a strong current, which makes\\nmee thinke there is a channel about this Shoale, where is the best and great-\\nest fish to be had. Winter and Summer, in all that Countrie. But the Salvages\\nsay there is no channel, but that the shoales beginne from the maine at Paw-\\nmet to the ile of Nausit, and so extends beyond their knowledge into the sea.\\nThe historical outcome of the Cape is in the early navigations, and in the\\nfact that Provincetown was the harbor entered by the Forefathers. The fii-st\\nland they saw, after Devon and Cornwall had sunk in the sea, was this sand-\\nbar, for it is nothing else. It appeared to their eager eyes, as it will proba-\\nbly never again be seen, wooded down to the shore. Whales, that they had\\nnot the means of taking, disported around them. They dropped anchor three-\\nquarters of a mile from shore, and, in order to land, were forced to wade a\\nbow shoot, by which many coughs and colds were caught, and a founda-\\ntion for the winter s sickness laid. The first landing was probably on Long\\nPoint. The men set about discovery; for the master had told them, with a\\nsailor s bluntness, he would be rid of them as soon as possible. The women\\nwent also to shore to wash, thus initiating on Monday, November -ifd, the\\ngreat New England washing-day.\\nWere there to be a day of general observance in New England commem-\\norative of the landing of the Pilgrims, it should be that on which they first\\nset foot on her soil at Cape Cod; the day, too. on which the comi)act was\\nsigned.^ Whatever of sentiment attached to the event should, it would seem,\\nbe consecrated to the very spot their feet first pressed. There is yet time to\\nrescue the day from unaccountable and unmerited neglect.\\nOn the map of Cyprian Southack a thoroughfare is delineated from Mas-\\nsachusetts Bay to the ocean at Eastham, near Sandy Point. His words are\\nNamed by Captain Gosnold, on account of the expressed fears of one of his company.\\nj Being the ijst of November, it would fall quite near to the day usually set apart for Thanks-\\nI giving in New England, which is merely an arbitrary observance, commemorative of no particular\\noccurrence.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0319.jp2"}, "316": {"fulltext": "308 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe place wliere I came tlirongh with a whale-boat, April 26th, 1717, to look\\nafter Bellame the pirate. I liave never seen this map, which Douglass pro-\\nnounces a false and pernicious sea-chart.\\nFrom its barring their farther progress. Cape Cod was well known to the\\ndiscoverers of the early part of the seventeenth century. According to Les-\\ncarbot, Poutrincourt spent fifteen days in a port on the south side. It had\\nbeen formally taken possession of in the name of the French king. The first\\nconflict between the whites and natives occurred there; and in its sands were\\ninterred the remains of the first Christian who died within the ancient limits\\nof New England.\\nThe assault of the natives on De Poutrincourt is believed to have occur-\\nred at Chatham, ironically named by the French Port Fortune, in remem-\\nbrance of their mishaps there. It was the very first collision recorded be-\\ntween Europeans and savages in New England. Five of De Pouti iucourt s\\nmen having slept on shoi e contrary to orders, and without keeping any\\nwatch, the Indians fell on them at day-break, October 15th, 1606, killing two\\noutright. The rest, who were shot through and through with arrows, ran\\ndown to the shore, crying out, Help! they are murdering us! the savages\\npursuing with frightful whoopings.\\nHearing these outcries and the appeal for help, the sentinel on board the\\nbark gave the alarm: ^^Akx armes f they are killing our people! Roused\\nby the signal, those on board seized their arms, and ran on deck, without\\ntaking time to dress themselves. Fifteen or sixteen threw themselves into\\nthe shallop, without stopping to light their matches, and pushed for the shore.\\nFinding they could not reach it on account of an intervening sand-bank, they\\nleaped into the water and waded a musket-shot to land. De Poutrincourt,\\nChamplain, Daniel Hay, Robert Grave the younger, son of Du l*ont Giave,\\nand the younger Poutrincourt, with their trumpeter and apothecary, were of\\nthe party that rushed pell-mell, almost stai-k naked, upon the savages.\\nThe Indians, perceiving the rescuing band within a bow-shot of them, took\\nto flight. It was idle to pursue those nimble-footed savages; so the French-\\nmen brought their dead companions to the foot of the cross they had erected\\non the ])i-eceding day, and ihci-e buried them. While chanting the funeral\\nprayers and orisons of the Church, the natives, from a safe distance, shouted\\nderisively and danced to celebrate their treason. After their funeral rites\\nwere ended the French voyagers silently returned on board.\\nIn a lew hours, the tide being so low as to prevent the Nvhites from land-\\ning, the natives again a])peared on the shore. They threw down the cross,\\ndisinteired the bodies of tlu; slain Frenchmen, and strip])ed them before the\\neyes of their exasperated comrades. Several shots were fired at them IVom\\nOne of De Monts s men wn charpentier Maloin was killed here in 1605 by the natives.\\nIn attempting to recover a kettle one of tliein liad stok-n, he was transfixed with arrows.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0320.jp2"}, "317": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN.\\n309\\nthe bronze gun on board, the natives at every discharge throwing themselves\\nflat on their faces. As soon as the French could land, they again set up the\\ncross, aTid reinterred the dead. The natives, for the second time, fled to a dis-\\ntance.\\nProvincetown was originally j^art of Truro. Its etymology explains that\\nits territory belonged to the province of Massachusetts. The earliest inhab-\\nitants had no other title than possession, and their conveyance is by quit-\\nclaim. For many years the place experienced the alternations of thrift and\\ndecay, being at times well-nigh deserted. In 1749, says Douglass, in his\\nSummary, the town consisted of only two or three settled families, two or\\nthree cows, and six to ten sheep. The houses formerly stood in one range,\\nwithout regularity, along the beach, with the drying -flakes around them.\\nWASHING FISU.\\nFishing vessels were run upon the soft sand, and their cargoes thrown into\\nthe water, where, after being washed free from salt, the fish wei-e taken up\\nand carried to the flakes in hand-barrow^s. Cape Cod Harbor, by wliich\\nname it is also familiar to the readers of Pilgrim chronicles, \\\\vas the earliest\\nname of Provincetown.\\nThe place has now lost the peculiar character it owed to the windmills on\\nLescarbot adds that the natives, turning their backs to the vessel, threw the sand witli both\\nhands toward them from between their buttocks, in derision, yelling like wolves.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0321.jp2"}, "318": {"fulltext": "810 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe sandy heights above the town and the salt-works on the beach before it.\\nTlie streets, desci ibed by former writers as impassable, by reason of the deep\\nsand, I found no difficulty in traversing. What with an admixture of clay,\\nand a top-dressing of oyster-shells and pebble, brought from a distance, they\\nhave managed to make their principal thoroughfares solid enough. Step\\naside from these, if you would know what Provincetown was like in the\\npast.\\nIf the streets were better than I had thought, the houses were far bet-\\nter. The great number of them were of wood, looking as most New En-\\ngland houses look ready for the toi ch. They usually had underpinnings of\\nbrick, instead of being, as formerly, built on posts, in order that the sand might\\nblow underneath them. There were willows, poplai s, locusts, and balm of\\nGilead, standing about in odd corners, and of good size. I saw a few sickly\\nfruit-trees that appeared dying for lack of moisture and some enterpi-ising\\ncitizens were able to make a show of lilacs, syringas, pinks, and geraniums in\\ntheir front yards. I talked with them, and saw that the unremitting struggle\\nfor life that attended the growth of these few simple flowers seemed to increase\\ntheir love for them, and enlarge their feeling for what was beautiful. All\\nthe earth they have is imported. I called to mind those Spanish vineyards,\\nwhere the jjeasant carries a hamper of soil up the sunny slopes of the mount-\\nain-sides, and in some crevice of the rocks plants liis vine.\\nTliere are two principal streets in Provincetown. One of, I should imag-\\nine, more than a mile in length, runs along the harbor; the other follows an\\nelevated ridge of the sand-hills, and is parallel with the fii St. A plank-walk\\nis laid on one side of the avenue by the shore, the other side being occupied\\nby stores, fish-houses, and wharves. No sinister meaning is attached to walk-\\ning the ])lank in Provincetown; for what is the whole Cape if not a gang-\\nplank i)ush( d out over the side of the continent?\\nWhere the street on the ridge is carried across gaps among tlie hills, the\\nretaining walls were of bog-peat, which was also laid on the sides of those\\nhills e.\\\\j)osed to the force of the wind. Whortleberry, bayberry, and wild\\nrose were growing out of the interstices. They flourish as well as when the\\nPilgrims wei-e here, though all the primitive forest disappeared long ago. I\\nascended the hill on wliich the town-hall building stands. You must go up\\nthe town road, or break the law, as I saw, by the straggling footpaths, the\\nyoungsters were in the habit of doing, l\u00c2\u00bbead sand for scoria and the fate of\\nIlci-culaiicum seems imiicnding over I rovincetown. The satruuai ds taken to\\nprevent the hills blowing down upon it impresses the stranger with a sense\\nof insecurity, though the inhabitants do not seem much to mind it. I have\\nheard that in exi)osed situations on the Cape wiTidow-glass becomes opaque\\nby reason of tlu; frecjuent sand-blasts rattling against the panes.\\nOn the hill was fbrm( rly a windmill, having the flyers inside, so resem-\\nbling, say the town annalists, a lofty tower. It was a famous landmark for", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0322.jp2"}, "319": {"fulltext": "PROVING ETOWN. 3 1 1\\nvessels making the port. The cliart-makers have now replaced it with the\\ntown hall, and every mariner steering for Provincetown has an eye to it.\\nThe harbor is completely land-locked. There is good anchorage for ves-\\nsels of the largest class. Ofttimes it is crowded with shipping seeking a ha-\\nven of refuge. This morning there were perhaps fifty sail, of every kind of\\ncraft. An inward-bound vessel must steer around every point of the compass\\nbefore the anchor is let go in safety. In the Revolution the port was made\\nuse of by the British squadrons, to refit, and procure water. The tide flows\\non the bay side of the Cape about twenty feet, while at the back of it there\\nis a flow of only five or six feet.\\nThe town is of extreme length, compared with its breadth, being con-\\ntracted between the range of high sand-hills behind it and the beach. It lies\\nfronting the south-east, bordering the curve of the shore, which sweeps grand-\\nly around half the circumference of a circle on the bay side. In one direction\\nextends the long line of shore. If Boston be your starting-point, you must\\ntravel a hundred and twenty miles to get fifty and, by the time you arrive\\nat the extremity of the Cape, should be able to box the compass. Looking\\nsouth, Long Point terminates the land view. Following with the eye the\\noutline of the hook, it rests an instant on the shaft of the light-house at\\nWood End, the extreme southerly point of the Cape. Thence the coast trends\\nnorth-west as far as Race Point, which is shut out from view by intervening\\nhills. Race Point is the outermost land of the Cape. All these names are\\nwell known to mariners, the world over.\\nThe shores are bordered with dangerous bars and shallows. As shipping\\ncould not get up to the town, the town has gone oflT to it, in the shape of a\\nwharf of great length. Our Pilgrim ancestors had to wade a bow shoot\\nto get on dry land. A resident told me that with fishing-boots on I could\\ncross to the head of Herring Cove at low tide. Assuredly, it is one of the\\nmost wonderful of havens, and little likely to be dispensed with, even if the\\nvexed question of\\nA way for ships to shape,\\nInstead of winding round the Cape\\nA short-cut through the collar,\\nbe answered by a ship-canal from Barnstable to Buzzard s Bay.\\nOn the summit of Town Hill you are almost astride the Cape, having the\\nAtlantic on one side, and Massachusetts Bay in full view on the other. The\\nport is not what it was when some storm-tossed bark, in accepting its shel-\\nter, was the town talk for months. Ships come and go by scores and hun-\\nHubbard relates a terrific storm here. See New England, p. G44. In 1S18 tliere was a\\nnaval engagement at Provincetown.\\nGeneral Knox was interested in this project. Lemuel Cox, tlie celebrated bridge architect,\\nwas engaged in cutting it.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0323.jp2"}, "320": {"fulltext": "3]_ THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndreds, folding their -vvings and settling down on the water like weary sea-\\ngulls.\\nWith an outward api)earance of prosperity, I found the people bemoaning\\nthe hard times. Taxes, they said, were twenty dollars in the thousand, and\\nonly ten at Warehara fish were scarce, and prices low, too, though as to\\nthe last item consumers think otherwise. The fishermen I saw were burly,\\nathletic fellows, apparently not more thrifty than their class everywhere.\\nThey are averse to doing any thing else than fish, and, if the times are bad,\\nare content to potter about their boats and fishing -gear till better days,\\nmuch as they would wait for wind and tide. If they can not go fishing they\\nhad as lief do nothing, though want threatens.\\nThe boys take to the water by instinct. I saw one adrift in a boat with-\\nout oars, making his way to land by tilting the side of the dory. They go to\\nthe fishing-banks with their fathers, and can hand, reef, and steer with an old\\nsalt. One traveler tells of a Provincetown cow-boy who captured and killed\\na blackfish he descried near the shore. As soon as they had strength to pull\\nin a fish, they were put on board a boat.\\nI noticed the familiar names that have been transplanted and thriven ev-\\nerywhere. Those of Atwood, Nickerson, Newcomb, Rich, Ryder, Snow, and\\nDoane have the Cape ring about them. In general they are likely men,\\nas the phrase here is, getting on as might be expected of a people who liter-\\nally cast their bread upon the waters, and live on a naked crust of earth that\\nthe sea is forever gnawing and growling at. The girls are pretty. I saj it\\non the authority of an expert in such matters who accompanied me. Not all\\nare sandy-haired.\\nThere is a strong dash of humor about these people. They are piquant\\nCapers, dry and sharp as the sand. One of them was relating that lie had\\nonce watched for so long a time that he finally fell asleep while crossing the\\nstreet to his boarding-house, and on going to bed had not waked for twenty-\\nfour hours. Wa al, said an old fellow, removing a short pipe from between\\nhis lips, you was jest a-cannin on it up, warn t ye?\\nThere is quite a colony of Portuguese in Provincetown. In my rambles\\nI met with a band of them returning from the swamp region back of the\\ntown. They looked gypsy-like with their swarthy faces and gleaming eyes.\\nThe younger women had clear olive complexions, black eyes, and the elon-\\ngated Madonna faces of their race; the older ones were grisly and witch-like,\\nwith shriveled bodies and wrinkled faces. All of them bore bundles of fag-\\nots on their heads that our tender women would have sunk under, yet they\\ndid not seem in the least to mind them. They chattered merrily as they\\npassed by me, and I watched them until out of sight; for, picturesque objects\\nanywhere, here they were doubly so. They had all gaudy handkerchiefs\\ntied about their heads, and shawls worn sash-wise, and knotted at the hi]), the\\nbright bits of warm color contrasting kindly with the dead white of the sand.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0324.jp2"}, "321": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN.\\n313\\nThere were shapely figures among them, but tlie men s boots they of necessi-\\nty wore subtracted a little from the symmetry of outline and my admiration.\\nThey number about fifty families these Portuguese and are increasing.\\nOne citizen expressed a vague apprehension lest they should exclude, event-\\nually, the whites, as the whites had expelled the Indians. And why not\\nThey believe in large families, while we believe in small ones or none at all.\\nThe Pilgrims were fewer than they when they came to Cape Cod, though\\nthey did believe in large families. Besides, Gaspard Cortereal, a Portin-\\ngale, fell in with the land hereabouts before any of our English. The Portu-\\nguese are reported to have stocked Sable Island with domestic animals thir-\\nty years before Gilbert s coming to Newfoundland. Assuredly, Cortereal\\nhad as good a mortgage on the country as Cabot, who did not land, but only\\nbeheld it in sail-\\ning by. I bad _^=_^ _^____\\nfound the town\\neffervescent. The\\nkilling of a Portu-\\nguese by his cap-\\ntain, in a quarrel\\non board a fish-\\ning vessel, had set\\nthe whole town\\ntalking. Coming\\nfrom the city,\\nwhere we aver-\\nage a murder a\\nweek, I was quite\\nstartled at the\\nmeasure of hor-\\nror and indigna-\\ntion the deed ex-\\ncited here. Sub-\\nsequentl)^ I learned that such crimes were rare, and that in this out-of-the-way\\ncorner of the land people had quite old-fashioned notions about the value of\\nhuman life and limb.\\nThe cod and mackerel fisheries have been the making of Provincetown,\\nthough they complained of dull times Avhen I was there, the fleet not number-\\ning more than fifty or sixty sail. Some schooners go whaling to the Gulf of\\nMexico, Western Islands, or far up the north coast; but the fares there are\\noor, they say, and growing poorer. The first mackerel exhibited in the\\nspring in Boston market are taken in Provincetown Harbor.\\nMACKEUEL. A FAMILY GROUP.\\nChami)lain confirms this.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0325.jp2"}, "322": {"fulltext": "314 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nFormer travelers have observed that the art as well as the name of hay-\\nmaking was applied to the curing of the cod here, the fish, when made, being\\nstacked in the same manner. Cattle are reported to have sometimes eaten\\nthem in lieu of salt hay. When the fishing season was at its height, it must\\nhave been something to have seen the length and breadth of the town over-\\nspread with cod-fish, occupying the front yards and intervals between the\\nhouses. A iroodwife then, instead of ijoing to the cjarden for veo-etables,\\nwould bring in a cod-fish from the flakes. Then the hook was well baited.\\nI suppose the phrase cod-fish aristocracy did not oi iginate on the Cape,\\nbut may have a more ancient beginning than is generally believed, as the\\nDutch were, in the year 1347, engaged in a civil war which lasted many\\nyears, the rival parties being called Hooks and Cod-fish, respectively.\\nThe former supported Margaret, Countess of Holland the latter, William,\\nher son.\\nChamplain relates that the Indians, in this bay, fished for cod with lines\\nmade of bark, to which a bone hook was attached, the bone being fashioned\\nlike a harpoon, and fastened to a piece of wood with what he believed to be\\nhemp, such as they had in France. Bass, blue-fish, and sturgeon were taken\\nby spearing.\\nA fish dinner is eaten at least once a week by every fomily in Xew En-\\ngland. In Catholic countries the supply of dried fish is usually exliausted by\\nthe end of Lent. We have seen that Bradford received a Jesuit at his own\\ntable, and regaled him with a fish dinner because it was Friday, a piece of\\nold-time courtesy some would have us think the Pilgrims incapable of. Some-\\nwhat later they had a law in Massachusetts banishing Jesuits or other Roman\\nCatholic ecclesiastics out of their jurisdiction on pain of death.\\nIn effect, the cod-fish is to New England wliat roast beef is to old Albion.\\nThe likeness of one is hanging in the State-house at Boston, as the symbol of\\na leading Massachusetts industry. Down East the girls carry bits of it in their\\npockets, and it is set on the bar-room counters for luncheon. A Yankee can\\nI atten on it where an Englishman would starve. The statement is fortified\\nby what we call the truth of history.\\nIn 1714 her Majesty of England concluded a peace with lier restless neigh-\\nbor across the Channel or, as Po])e rhymes it,\\nAt li iif^tli f;ie:it Anna said, Let discnnl cease;\\nSlic said, ilie world uliey d, and all was peace.\\nThis was the famous treaty that Matthew Prior, the negotiator- poet, calls\\nthe d d Peace of rtrt cht. I rior went to Paris with Bolingbrokc. Hav-\\ning arrived there during Lent, he was, by an edict, permitted to have roast\\nbeef as a mark of royal favor, and on, I i)resume, his own application. I res-\\ncue this morccdii from the abyss of state archives:\\nNous Baron de Breteuil et de Pi-euilly, ))remier Baron de Touraine, Con", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0326.jp2"}, "323": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN.\\n315\\ndu Roy en ses Conseils, Introducteur des Ambassadeurs et Princes Etrangeres\\npres de Sa Ma Enjoignons au Bouchei de I Hotel de Dieu de fournir pen-\\ndant ie Careme au prix ordinaire^ suivant I ordre du Roy, toute la viande de\\nBoucherie, et Rotisserie qui sera necessaire pour la subsistance de la maison\\nde plenipotentiaire de la Reyne de la Grande Bretagne, M. Prior.\\nIf the great staple of New England is so firmly associated with the Cape,\\nits claims in another direction deserve also to be remembered. The whale-\\nfishery of New England had its beginning here. The hook caught those\\nleviathans as the Penobscot weirs catch salmon. It was long afterward that\\nNantucket bristled with harpoons. That sea-girt isle borrowed her art of\\nthe Cape, and induced a professor in Avhale-craft, Ichabod Paddock by name,\\nto come over and teach it to her. The Pilgrims Avould have begun on the\\ninstant, but they liad not the gear. The Indians followed it in their primi-\\ntive way, and the exploring parties saw them stripping blubber from a strand-\\ned blackfish exactly as now practiced.\\n^^^ii^^^v*?-?^-\\ni:\\nPOND VILLAGE, CAPE COD.\\nDuring the years the whales swam along the shore by Cape Cod there\\nwas good fishing in boats. Watchmen stationed on the hills gave notice by\\nsignals when one was in sight. After some time they passed farther off on\\nthe banks, and sloops carrying whale-boats were used. Cotton Mather refers\\nto the fishery here. Douglass notes a whale struck on the back of Cape Cod\\nthat yielded one hundred and thirty-four barrels of oil. In 1739 six small\\nwhales were taken in Provincetown Harbor. In 1746 not more than three\\nor four whales were taken on the Cape.\\nThe first whalinsc adventure to the Falkland Islands is referred to the\\nPrior was personally acceptable to Louis XIV., who gave him a diamond box with his por-\\ntrait. He was also well known to Boileau.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0327.jp2"}, "324": {"fulltext": "316 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nenterprise of two inhabitants of Truro, who received the liint from Admiral\\nMontague, of the British navy, in 1774.\\nThis admiral, commonly called Mad Montague, was a character. There\\nis an anecdote of his causing his coxswain to put the hands of some drowned\\nDutch sailors in their pockets, and then betting fifty guineas to five they died\\nthus. The only reminiscence of whaling that I saw in Provincetown was a\\ngate-way formed of the ribs of a whale before the door of a cottage. Over\\nthe house-door was a gilded eagle, of wood, that had decorated some luckless\\ncraft. At the tavern the door was kept ajar by a curiously carved whale s\\ntooth wedged underneath. My landlord, gray-haired, but still straight and\\nsinewy, remarked, as he saw me examining it, I struck that fellow.\\nBut what I came to see here was the desert, and I had not yet seen it.\\nTurning my back upon the town, I set out for Race Point, three miles dis-\\ntant. The last house I passed and this was a slaughter-house had the\\nsign -board of a ship, the Plymouth Jiock, nailed above the lintel. For a\\ncertain distance the path was easy to follow it then became obscure, and I\\nfinally lost it altogether; but the sea on the Atlantic side was always roaring\\na hoarse halloo.\\nIt was never before my fortune to thread so curious and at the same time\\nso desolate a way as this. It filled up the pictures of my reading of the\\ncoasts of Barbary or of Lower Egypt. I first crossed a range of sand-hills\\nthinly grown with beach-plum, whortleberry, brake, and sheep laurel, or wild\\nrhododendron.^ Now and then there was a grove of stunted pitch-pines on\\nthe hill-sides, and upon descending I found the hollows occupied by swamps\\nmore or less extensive, where the growth was denser and the stagnant M ater\\ndotted with white blossoming lilies. Tliere were also clumps of the fra-\\ngrant white laurel in full bloom. In such places the bushes grew thickly,\\nand I had to force my way through them.\\nThe largest of these sunken ponds is named Shank Painter. Seeing what\\na share they have in preserving Provincetown, I shall always respect a bog or\\na morass. Over on the shore, between Race Point and Wood End, they have\\nShank Painter l ar. Here and there in tlie swamp were clearings of an acre\\nor two planted with cranberry-vines, which yield a liandsome return. It was\\nblossoming-time, and tlie ground was starred with their delicate wliite flow-\\ners, having the corolla rolled back, as seen in the tiger-lily. I found ripe blue-\\nberries growing close to the sand, and wild strawberries, of excellent flavor,\\non the borders of cranberry meadows. An account says, cows might once be\\nseen wading, and even swiuuning, in these ponds, plunging their heads into\\nthe water uj) to their horns, j)icking up a scanty subsistence from the roots\\nCaptain David Smith and Captain Gamaliel Collins.\\nIn old times a decoction of checkefbeny leaves was given to l;iinbs poisoned by eating the\\nyonng leaves of the laurel in sjning.\\nji", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0328.jp2"}, "325": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWN.\\n317\\nand herbs produced in the water. I saw birch, maple, and a few otlier forest\\ntrees of stinted growth in the swamp, and stumps of very large pines that\\nhad been, perhaps, many times covered and uncovered by sand.\\nCranberry culture, already briefly alluded to, has become an important in-\\ndustry on Cape Cod, It is pleasant to see the pickers busily gathering the\\nfruit for market, a labor performed almost wliolly by females. An instru-\\nment called a cranberry-rake was formerly used; but as it bruised the fruit, it\\nhas been discarded for hand-picking. Very little outlay is necessary in tlie\\npreparation of a cranberry-bed, and much less labor than is usual with ordi-\\nllLKlNCr VND SOKTINU CKANBtUKlLb CAPE COD\\nnary farm crops, while the return is much greater. Plere the visitor is aston-\\nished at seeing the vine producing abundantly in what appears to be pure\\nwhite sand. These cranberry plantations are very profitable. Captain Henry\\nHull, of Barnstable, was one of the earliest cultivators on the Cape.\\nThough it was raw and windy the marsh-flies bit shrewdly. After pass-\\ning over the first hills beyond Shank Painter, a very different scene present-\\ned itself. Here was a stretch of lofty mounds of clean white sand, five miles\\nin length and a mile and a half in breadth, bare of all vegetation, except\\nscanty patches of beach grass. There was no longer a path, and though I\\nThere is an authentic account of ice being found here on the 4th of July, 1741.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0329.jp2"}, "326": {"fulltext": "318\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsaw occasional foot-prints, I did not meet any one. A cari iage would be of\\nno use where a horse would sink to his knees in the sand. It was Equality\\nLane, where pau-\\ni^^* per or millionaire\\nmust trudge for\\nit. In some places\\nthe sand was soft\\nand yielding, and\\nagain it was so\\nhard beaten by the\\nwind that the foot-\\nfall would scarcely\\nleave an impres-\\nsion. Scrambling\\nto the summit of\\none of the liighest\\nhills, I found my-\\nself overlooking a\\nremarkable hol-\\nlow completely\\nsurrounded with\\nsandy walls. A\\nBedouin might\\nhave been at home\\nhere, but sliip-\\nwreckod sailors\\nwould wander aim-\\nlessly, until, caught in some such cul-de-sac, they gave up the gliost in de-\\nspair. In wintry storms the route is impracticable. The tourist who has\\nnever been to Naples may liere do Vesuvius in poco, taking care to empty\\nhis shoes after sliding from the top to the bottom of a sand-liill.\\nTiie beach grass, I noticed, resembled the buffalo grass of the plains. It\\ngrew at equal distances, even in spots wliere it had seeded itself. It is the\\nsheet-anchor of the Cape; ibr, now tliat the woods are nearly gone, there is\\nnotliing else to ])revent this avalanche of sand from advancing and over-\\nwhelming every thing in its way. Why may not the cotton-wood, wliich ])rop-\\nagates itself in the sand on the l)()rd( i-s of Western rivers, prove a vahiable\\nauxiliary here? I have known a newly formed sand-bar in the Missouri be-\\nconui a well-wooded island in ten years. There, the tree grows to a great\\nsize, and seems to care little for the kind of soil it gets. The jjoplar (of the\\nsame species) flourished well, I saw, in Provincetown and elsewhere on the\\nCape. The experiment is worth the trying.\\nIn Dr. IJelknap s account of Provincetown, printed in 1791, he says of this\\nSAND-niLLS, PROVINCETOWN.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0330.jp2"}, "327": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETO WN. 3 j 9\\nrange of sand-hills This volume of sand is gradually rolling into the woods\\nwitli the winds, and as it covers the trees to the tops, they die. The tops of\\nthe trees appear above the sand, but they are all dead. Where they have\\nbeen lately covered the bark and twigs are still remaining; from others they\\nhave fallen off; some have been so long whipped and worn out with the sand\\nand winds that there is nothing remaining but the hearts and knots of the\\ntrees; but over the greater part of this desert ihe trees have long since dis-\\nappeared. The tops of the dead trees mentioned by Dr. Belknap, the rem-\\nnant of the forest seen here by the Pilgrims, have been cut off for fuel, until\\nfew, if any, are to be seen.\\nAfter crossing the wilderness, I came to the shore. It was blowing half a\\ngale, the sea being roughened by it, but not grand. There was but little drift,\\nand that such unconsidered trifles of the sea as the vertebrae of fishes, jelly-\\nfish, a few tangled bimches of weed, and some pretty pebbles. Looking up\\nand down the beach, I discovered one or two wreckers seeking out the night s\\nharvest and presently there came a cart in which were a man and woman,\\nthe man ever and anon jumping out to gather up a little bundle of drift-wood,\\nwith which he ran back to the cart, followed by a shaggy Newfoundland dog\\nthat barked and gamboled at his side. These wreckers claim what they have\\ndiscovered by placing crossed sticks upon the heap, the mark being respected\\nby all who come after.\\nI followed the bank by the verge of the beach, the tide having but just\\nturned. Before me was the light-house, and the collection of huts at Race\\nPoint. A single vessel, bound for a Southern port, was in sight, that, after\\nstanding along, gunwale under, within half a mile of the shore, filled away on\\nthe other tack, rounding the point in good style. A hundred yards back of\\nthe usual high-water mark were well-defined lines of drift, indicating the limit\\nwhere the sea in great storms had forced its way. I passed a group of huts,\\nused perhaps at times by fishermen, and at others as a shelter for shipwrecked\\nmariners. The doors were open, and, notwithstanding a palisade of barrel-\\nstaves, the sand had drifted to a considerable depth within. Here also were\\npieces of a vessel s bulwarks, the first vestiges of wreck I had seen.\\nIn 1802 the Humane Society erected a hut of refuge at the head of Stout s\\nCreek but it being improperly built with a chimney, and placed on a spot\\nwhere no beach grass grew, the strong winds blew the sand from its founda-\\ntion, and the weight of the chimney brought it to the ground. A few weeks\\nlater the ship JBrntus was cast away. Had the hut remained, it is probable\\nthe whole of the unfortunate crew might have been saved, as they gained the\\nshore within a few rods of the spot where it had stood. Upon such trifles\\nthe lives of men sometimes depend.\\nThe curvature of the shore south of Race Point, by which I was walking,\\nis called Herring Cove. There is good anchorage here, and vessels may ride\\nsafely when the wind is from north-east to south-east. The shore between", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0331.jp2"}, "328": {"fulltext": "320 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nRace Point and Stout s Creek, in Truro, was formerly considered the most\\ndangerous on the Cape. Since the erection of Race Point Light, disasters\\nhave been less frequent. An attempt to penetrate through the hills to Prov-\\nincetown by night would be attended with danger, especially in the winter\\nseason, but by day the steeple of the Methodist church is always in sight\\nfrom the highest sand-hills.\\nFreeman, in his History of Cape Cod, relates an occurrence that hap-\\npened here in 1722. A sloop from Duxbury, in which the Rev. John Robin-\\nson and wife, and daughter Mary, had taken passage, was upset by a sudden\\ntempest near Nantasket Beach, at the entrance of Boston Harbor. The body\\nof Mrs. Robinson was found in Herring Cove, a little within Race Point,\\nby Indians, about six weeks after the event. It was identified by papers\\nfound in the stays, and by a gold necklace, that had been concealed from the\\nnatives by the swelling of the neck. A finger had been cut ofi*, doubtless for\\nthe gold ring the unfortunate lady had worn.\\nThe winter of 1874- 75 will be memorable in New England beyond the\\npresent generation, the extreme cold having fast locked up a greater number\\nof her harbors than was ever before known. Provincetown, that is so provi-\\ndentially situated to receive the storm-tossed mai iner, was hermetically seal-\\ned by a vast ice-field, which extended from Wood End to Manomet, a dis-\\ntance of twenty-two miles, grasping in its icy embrace all intermediate shores\\nand liavens. In the neighborhood of Provincetown a fleet of fishing vessels\\nthat was unable to reach the harbor became immovably imbedded in the\\nfloe, thus realizing at our very doors all the perils of Arctic navigation. A\\nfew were released by the aid of a steam-cutter, but by far the greater number\\nremained hel})lessly imprisoned without other change tlian that caused by\\nthe occasional drift of the ice-floe in strong gales.\\nThe sight was indeed a novel one. Where before was the expanse of blue-\\nwater, nothing could now be seen except the white slab, jnire as mai-ble, which\\nentombed the harbors. All Avitliin the grasp of the eye was a Dead Sea.\\nFlags of distress were displayed in every direction from the masts of crip-\\npled vessels that no help could reach. Their hulls, rigging, and tajiering\\nspars were so ice-crusted as to resemble ships of glass. As many as twenty\\nsignals of distress were counted at one time from the life-sa\\\\iiig station at\\nl*rovincetown. Some of these luckless craft were crushed and sunk to the\\nbottom others were abandoned by their crews, who liad eaten tlieir last\\ncrust and burned the bulwarks of tlieir vessels for fuel. The remainder were\\nat lengtli released by the brcaking-up of the ice-floe, which only relaxed its\\ngrip after having held them fast for a month.\\nIt would not be extravagant to say that the l eaeh on the ocean side, be-\\ntween lligliland Liglit and ^Vood End, was strewed with wrecks. Vessel after\\nvessel was dashed into ])ieees by waves that bore great blocks of drift-ice to\\naid in the work of destruction. One starless nioniinLT the James Hommdl", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0332.jp2"}, "329": {"fulltext": "PROVINCETOWX.\\nstruck between Higliland Liglit and\\nRace Point. Instantly the ice-laden\\nsurges leaj^ed upon her decks. Wood\\nand iron were crushed like paper un-\\nder the blows of sea and ice. The help-\\nless vessel was forced sidewise toward\\ntlie beach, where the waves began heap-\\ning up the loose sand on the leeward\\nside, until it reached as high as her\\ndecks. When the vessel struck, the\\ncrew clambered up the rigging, and\\nall were saved, in a perishing condi-\\ntion, with the lielp of rescuing hands\\nfrom the life station. One poor fellow\\ndropped dead on the shore he had\\nperiled life to gain, a frozen corpse.\\nIn twenty -four hours there was no\\nmore left of the James Rommell than\\ncould be carried away in the wreck-\\ners carts.\\nBut saddest of all was the loss\\nof the Italian bai-k Giovmini. After\\neighty-one days of sto-rmy voyage from\\nPalermo, a terrible gale, which tore the\\nfrozen sails in shreds from her masts,\\ndrove her upon this dangerous coast.\\nIn the midst of a blinding snow-storm,\\nthe unmanageable vessel was borne\\nsteadily and mercilessly upon the shore.\\nWhen she struck, the shock brought\\ndown portions of her rigging, leaving\\nher a dismantled wreck. Her crew\\ncould see people moving about on the\\nbeach, but no human power could aid\\nthem. Soon the Giovanni began to\\nsmk into the sandy grave the waves\\nwere fast digging to receive her hull,\\nand the seas sweeping her decks raged\\naround the rigging, in which the sailors\\nhad taken refuge. One by one they\\nwere picked off by the waves. The\\nwreckers bombs failed to bring a line\\nto them. A few of the ship s company\\nl^ r\\n321\\nt V", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0333.jp2"}, "330": {"fulltext": "322 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nraude a desperate push for the beach, which only one reached alive. All\\nnight long the wreckers kept their watch by the shore, hoping the gale\\nmight abate but sea and wind beat and howled as wildly as before. When\\nit was light enough to descry the Giovanni, six objects could be seen cling-\\nino- in the rio;ging. The ship, it was perceived, was fast breaking up. God\\nhelp them, for no other could The spectators saw these poor fellows perish\\nbefore their eyes. They saw the overstrained masts bend and shiver and\\nbreak, crashing in ruin down upon the shattered hull. The next day only a\\npiece of the bow remained, sticking up like a grave-stone on the reef.\\nOf the Giovanni s crew of fifteen only the one mentioned escaped. He\\ncould not speak a syllable of English, but was able, by signs, to identify the\\nbody of his captain, when it came ashore. The other bodies that came in\\nwere laid out in Provincetown church, three miles from the scene of the\\nwreck. Stray portions of the ship s cargo of wine and fruit were washed\\nup, and while any of the former was to be had the beach was not safe to be\\ntraversed. In the midst of this carnival of death, men drunk with wine wan-\\ndered up and down in the bitter cold, intent upon robbery and violence. One\\nor more of these beach pirates were found dead, the victims of their own de-\\nbauch.\\nThe configuration of the shores of the Cape on the Atlantic side is very\\ndifferent from what was observed by early voyagers. The Isle Nauset of\\nSmith has, for more than a century, been wiped out by the sea. Inlets to\\nharl)ors have in some cases been closed and other passages opened, as at East-\\nham and Orleans. In 1863 remains of the hull of an ancient ship were uncov-\\nered at Nauset Beach in Orleans, imbedded in the mud of a meadow a quarter\\nof a mile from any water that would have floated her. Curiosity was aroused\\nby the situation as well as the singular build of the vessel, and what was left\\nof her was released from the bed in which, it is believed, it had been inclosed\\nfor more than two centuries. A careful writer considers it to have been the\\nwreck of the Sparrow-haii:k, mentioned by Bradford as having been stranded\\nhere in 1020.\\nThere are generally two ranges of sand-bars on the ocean side of the Cape\\n/the outward being about three-fourths of a mile from shore, and the inner\\nrange five hundred yards. As in the case of the ill-fated Giovanni^a vessel\\nusually brings up on the outer bar, and ])Ounds over it at the next tide, mere-\\nly to encounter the inward shoal. Between these two ranges a tremendous\\ncross-sea is always running in severe gales, and, if the wind has continued\\nWhen the English first settled upon the Cape there was an island off Chatham, three leagues\\ndistant, called Webb s Island. It contained twenty acres, covered with red-cedar or savin. The\\nNantucket people resorted to it for fire-wood. In 1792, as Dr. Morse relates, it had ceased to\\nexist for nearly a century. A large rock, he says, that was upon the island, and which settled\\nas the earth washed away, now marks the place.\\nAmos Otis, in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 18G5.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0334.jp2"}, "331": {"fulltext": "PEOVINCETOWN\\n823\\nlong from the same quarter, causing also a current that will float the debris\\nof a wreck along the shore faster than a man can walk. With the wind a\\nsou h-east the wreck stuff will not land, but is carried rapidly to the north-\\nwest. Shipwrecked manners have to cross this hell gate to /each the beach\\nThe mortars used at the life-stations will not cany a life-line to a vessel at five\\nhundred yards from the shore in the teeth of a gale, and are therefore useles\\nat that distance; but if the wreck is fortunate enough to be lifted over tie\\njnnex- bar by the sea, xt will strike the beach at a distance where it is practica-\\nble to save hie under ordinary contingencies. So great are the obstacles to\\nNantucket perhaps excepted, where a sailor would not rather suffer shipwreck\\nStanding here, I felt as if I had not lived in vain. I was as near Euiope\\nas my egs would carry me, at the extreme of this withered arm with a town\\nm the hollow of ,ts hand. You seem to have invaded the domain of old Nep-\\nune, and plucked him by the very beard. For centuries the storms have\\nbeaten upon tins narrow strip of sand, behind which the commerce of a State\\nlies intrenched. The assault is unflagging, the defense obstinate. Fresh col-\\numns are always forming outside for the attack, and the roll of ocean is for-\\never beatn.g the charge. Yet the Cape stands fast, and will not budge. It is\\nas if It should say, After me the Deluge.\\nA SrXFISH.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0335.jp2"}, "332": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET, FROM THE SEA.\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nNANTUCKET.\\nGod bless the sea-beat island!\\nAnd grant for evermove\\nThat charity and freedom dwell,\\nAs now, upon her shore. Whittiek.\\nTHE sea-port of Nantucket, every body knows, rose, flourished, and fell\\nwith the whale-fishery. It lies snugly ensconced in the bottom of a bay\\non the north side of the island of the name, wnth a broad sound of water be-\\ntween it and the nearest main-land of Cape Cod. The first Englishman to\\nleave a distinct record of it Avas Captain Dermer, who was here in 1G20,\\nthough Weymouth probably became entangled among Nantucket Shoals in\\nMay, 1605. The relations of Archer and Brereton render it at least doubtful\\nwhether this island was not the first on which Gosnold landed, and to w hich\\nlie gave the name of Martha s Vineyard. The two accounts are too much at\\nvariance to enable the student to bring them into reciprocal agreement, yet\\nthat of Archer, being in the form of a diary, in which each day s transactions\\nare noted, will be preferred to the narrative of Brereton, who wrote from rec-\\nollection. To these the curious reader is referred.\\nThe name of Nauliean is the first I have found applied to Nantucket\\nPurchas, iv. reprinted in Massachusetts Historical Collections, iii., viii. I can not give\\nspace to those points that confirm my view, but they make a strong presumptive case. It has\\nbeen alleged that Do routriucourt landed here after iiis conflict with the Indians of Cape Cod. So\\nfar from landing on the island they saw, C iiamijlain says they named it Soupgonneiise, from\\nthe doubts they had of it. Lescarbot adds that they saw an island, six or seven leagues in length,\\nwhich they were not able to reach, and so called lie Douteuse. The land, it is probable, was\\nthe Vineyard.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0336.jp2"}, "333": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n325\\nIsland. Whether the derivation is from the Latin ncmticus, or a corruption\\nof the Indian, is disputed, though the word has an unmistakably Indian sound\\nand construction. In the patents and other documents it is called Nantukes,\\nMantukes, or Nantucquet Isle, indifferently, showing, as may be suggested, as\\nmany efforts to construe good Indian into bad English. Previous to Gos-\\nnold s voyage the English had no knowledge of it, nor were the names he\\n/Mansfield ViA\\\\ \\\\.ll\\\\\\nMAP OF CAPE COD, NANTUCKET, AND MAKTHA S VINEYAKD.\\ngave the isles discovered by him in general use until long afterward. One\\nother derivation is too far-fetched for serious consideration, a mere Jeu de mot,\\nto which all readers of Gosnold s voyage are insensible. Plistorians and an-\\ntiquaries having alike failed to solve these knotty questions, it is proposed\\nBy Sir F. Gorges.\\nNantasket, Namasket, Naushon, Sawtuckett, are Indian.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0337.jp2"}, "334": {"fulltext": "326\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nto refer them to a council of Spiritualists, with power to send for persons and\\npapers.\\nThose who wish to enjoy a foretaste of crossing the British Channel may-\\nhave it by going to Nantucket. The passage affords in a marked degree the\\npeculiarities of a sea-voyage, and, in rough weather, is not exempt from its\\ndrawbacks. The land is nearly, if not quite, lost to view. You are on the real\\nocean, and the remainder of the voyage to Europe is merely a few more revo-\\nlutions of the paddles. You have enjoyed the emotions incident to getting\\nunder way, of steering boldly out into the open sea, and of tossing for a few\\nhours upon its billows: the rest is but a question of time and endurance.\\nEvery one is prepossessed with Nantucket. Its isolation from the world\\nsurrounds it with a mysterious haze, that is the more fascinating because it\\nexacts a certain faith in the invisible. Inviting the imagination to depict it\\nfor us, is far more interesting than if we could, by going down to the shore,\\nsee it any day. In order to get to it we must steer by the compass, and in\\nthick weather look it up with the plummet. In brief, it answers many of the\\nconditions of an undiscovered country. Although laid down on every good\\nmap of New England, and certified by the relations of many trustworthy\\nwriters, it is not enough we do not know Nantucket.\\nAl l KOACU TO MAUTUA S VINEYAKD.\\nNo brighter or sunnier day could be wished for than the one on whicli\\nthe Ida/id Home steamed out from Wood s Hole into the\\\\ ineyard Sound for\\nthe sea-girt isle. IJesides the usual complement of heallli and pleasure seek-\\ners was a company of strolling ))layers, from Boston, as they announced them-\\nselves a very long way indeed, I venture to affii m. These abstracts and\\nbrief chronicles of the time were soon well bestowed on the cabin sofas,\\nthe rising sea making it at least doubtful whether they would be able to per-\\nform before a Nantucket audience so soon as tliat niszht. From the old salt", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0338.jp2"}, "335": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET. 307\\nwho rang the bell and urged immediate attendance at the captain s office,\\nto the captain himself, with golden rings in his ears, and the Indian girl who\\nofficiated as stewardess, the belongings of the Island Home afloat were spiced\\nwith a novel yet agreeable foretaste of the island home fast anchored in the\\nAtlantic.\\nThe sail across the Vineyard Sound is more than beautiful it is a poem.\\nTrending away to the west, the Elizabeth Islands, like a gate ajar, half close\\nthe entrance into Buzzard s Bay. Among them nestles Cuttyhunk, where the\\nvery -first English spade was driven into New England soil Straight over\\nin front of the j)ath\\\\vay the steamer is cleaving the Vineyard is looking its\\nbest and greenest, with oak-skirted highlands inclosing the sheltered harbor\\nof Vineyard Haven,* famous on all this coast, Edgartown is seen at the bot-\\ntom of a deep indentation, its roofs gleaming like scales on some huge reptile\\nthat has crawled out of the sea, and is basking on the warm yellow sands.\\nChappaquiddick Island, with its sandy tentacles, terminates in Cape Poge, on\\nwhich is a liglit-house.\\nBetween the shores, and as far as eye can discern, the fleet that passes\\nalmost without intermission is hurrying up and down the Sound. One col-\\numn stretches away under bellying sails, like a fleet advancing in line of bat-\\ntle, but the van-guard is sinking beneath the distant waves. Still they come\\nand go, speeding on to the appointed mart, threading their way securely\\namong islands, capes, and shoals. Much they enliven the scene. A sea with-\\nout a sail is a more impressive solitude than a deserted city.\\nWe ran between the two sandy points, long and low, that inclose the har-\\nbor into smoother water. The captain went on the guard. Heave your\\nbow-line. Ay, ay, sir. Back her, sir (to the pilot). Hold on your\\nspring. Stop her. Slack away the bow-line there. Haul in. It\\nis handsomely done, and tliis is Nantucket.\\nThe wharf, I should infer, would be the best place in which to take the\\ncensus of Nantucket. No small proportion of the inhabitants were assem-\\nbled at the pier s head, waiting the arrival of the boat. You had first to\\nmake your way through a skirmishing line of hack-drivers and of boys eager\\nto carry your luggage; then came the solid battalion of citizen idlers, and\\nbehind these was a reserve of carriages and carts. On the pier you gain the\\nidea that Nantucket is populous; that what you see is merely the overflow;\\nwhereas it is the wharf that is populous, while the town is for the moment\\nwell-nigh deserted. There could be no better expression of the feeling of iso-\\nlation than the agitation produced by so simple an event as the arrival of the\\ndaily packet. Doors are slammed, shutters pulled to in a liurry, while a tide\\nof curious humanity pours itself upon the landing-place. The coming steam-\\nIn 1002 by the colony of Bartholonaew Gosnold, already so often mentioned in these pages.\\nBetter known as Holmes s Hole.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0339.jp2"}, "336": {"fulltext": "328\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nA BIT OF NANTUCKET THE HOUSE-TOPS.\\ner is heralded by the town-crier s fish-horn, as soon as descried from the\\nchurch-tower that is liis observatory. In winter, when communication with\\nthe main-hind is sometimes interrupted for several days together, the sense of\\nseparation from the world must be intensified.\\nAfter running the gantlet of the crowd on the wharf, the stranger is at\\nliberty to look about him.\\nThe fire of 184G liaving destroyed the business portion of the town, that\\npart is not more interesting than the average New England towns of mod-\\nern growth. Generally speaking, the houses are of wood, the idea of spa-\\nciousness seeming prominent with the builders. Plenty of house-room was\\nno doubt synonymous with plenty of sea-room in the minds of retired ship-\\nmasters, whose battered hulks I saw safe mooi-ed in snug and quiet harbors.\\nThe streets are cleanly, and, having trees and fiovver-gardens, are often pretty\\nand cheerful.\\nThe roofs of many houses are surmounted by a railed latform, a reminder\\nof the old whaling times. Here tlie dwellers might sit in the cool of the even-\\ning, and take note of tlie j)assing ships, or of some deep- laden whaleman\\nwith rusty sides and grimy sj)ars wallowing toward the harbor. Here the\\nmerchant anxiously scaimed the horizon for tidings of some loitering bark;\\nand here superannuated skij)pers jiaced u]) and down, as they had done the\\nquarter-deck. I question if the custom was not first brought here from the\\nOn tlic raising of tlic icc-blockaile of the past winter seventeen mails were due, the greatest\\nnunilicr since 1857, when twenty-five regular and two seini-nunithlv mails were landed at Qnidnet.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0340.jp2"}, "337": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n329\\ntropics, for in Spanish-talking America the best room is not unfrequently\\nthe roof, to which the family resort on sweltering hot nights. Sometimes a\\nstorm arises, when the precipitancy with which the sleepers gather up their\\npallets and seek a shelter is the more amusing if witnessed near day-break.\\nFormerly every other house in Nantucket had one of these lookouts, or a\\nvane at the gable-end, to show if the wind was fair for vessels homeward-\\nbound.\\nWhile other towns have increased, Nantucket for a length of time has\\nstood still. I saw no evidences of squalid poverty or of actual want, though\\nthere was a striking absence of activity. The fire, of which they still talk,\\nthough it happened thirty years ago, can not be traced by such visible re-\\nminders as a mass of new buildings fitted into the burned space, or by a cor-\\ndon of old houses drawn around its charred edges. The disaster caused the\\nloss of many handsome buildings, among them Trinity Church, a beautiful\\nlittle edifice, having latticed windows.\\nIf there was no squalor obtruding itself upon the stranger, neither was\\nthere any display of ostentatious wealth. There were a few large square\\nmansions of brick or wood, and even an aristocratic quarter, once known as\\nIndia Row but, on the whole, a remarkable equality existed in the houses\\nof Nantucket. The old New England Greek temple greets you familiarly\\nhere and there. I read on the sign-boards the well-remembered names of\\nCofiin, Folger, Bunker, Macy, Starbuck, etc., that could belong nowhere else\\nthan here. Whenever I have seen one of them in some distant corner of\\nthe continent, I have felt like raising the island slogan of other times, There\\nshe blows\\nThe Nantucket of colonial times was not more like the present than sail-\\nors in pigtails and high-crowned hats are like the close-cropped, wide-trow-\\nsered tars of to-day. Houses were scattered about without the semblance of\\norder. The streets had never any names until the assessment of the direct\\ntax in the administration of President Adams. Common convenience divided\\nthe town into neighborhoods, familiarly known as Up-in-Town, West\\nCove, or North Shore. An old traveler says the stranger formerly re-\\nceived direction to Elisha Bunker s Street, or David Mitchell s Street, or Tris-\\ntram Hussey s Street.\\nThe average conversation is still interlarded with such sea phrases as\\ncruising about, short allowance, rigged out, etc. I heard one Avoman\\nask for the bight of a clothes-line. I had it from credible authority that a\\nCape Cod girl, when kissed, always presented the other cheek, saying, You\\ndarsent do that again. A Nantucket lass would say, Sheer oflf, or I ll split\\nyour mainsail with a typhoon.\\nThere is a story of a cute Nantucket skipper, who boasted he could tell\\nwhere his schooner might be in tlie thickest weather, simply by tasting what\\nthe sounding-lead brought up. His mates resolved to put him to the test.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0341.jp2"}, "338": {"fulltext": "330 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe lead was well greased, and thrust into a box of earth, a parsnip bed,\\nthat had been brought on board before sailing. It was then taken down to\\nthe skipper, and he was requested to tell the schooner s position. At the first\\ntaste\\nThe skipper stormed, and tore his hair,\\nThrust on his boots, and roared to Harden,\\nNantucket s sunk, and here we are\\nRight over old Marm Ilackett s garden I\\nThe streets avoid the fatal straight-line, though they are not remarkably\\ncrooked. In the business quarter they are paved with cobble-stones, showing\\nruts deeply worn by the commerce of other days. Grass was growing out of\\nthe interstices of the })avement, where once merchants most did congregate.\\nOne of the principal avenues is built along the brow of the sea-bluiT, so that\\nalmost every house commands a broad sweep of ocean view. The sides of a\\ngreat many houses were shingled, being Avarmer, as many will tell you, than\\nif covered with clapboards. As in all maritime towns, the weather-vane is\\nusually a fish, and that, of course, a whale. It is the first thing looked at in\\nthe morning by every male inhabitant of the island. Some of the lanes go\\nreeling and twisting about in a remarkable manner.\\nNantucket was larger tlian I had expected. The best view of it is ob-\\ntained from the side of Coatue. A single old windmill on the summit of a\\nhill behind the town adds to its picturesqueness, and somewhat relieves the\\ntoo-familiar outlines of roof and steeple. But what, in a place of its size, is\\nmost remarkable, is the almost total absence of movement. It impressed me,\\nthe time I was there, as uninhabited. There were no troops of joyous chil-\\ndren by day, nor throngs of promenaders by night; all was listless and still.\\nHere, indeed, was the town, but where were the people I was not at all\\nsurprised when accosted by one who, like mo, wandered and wondered, with\\nthe (pu^stion, Does any body live in Nantucket? In midwinter, said an\\nold lesident to me, you might have a hospital in the town market-])lace with-\\nout danger of disturbing any body. The noise of wheels rattling over the\\nstony street is not often heard.\\nOwing to tiie total loss of its great industry, the population of Nantucket\\nis not greater than it was a hundred years ago, and not half what it was ear-\\nly in the century. A large proportion of the houses, it would ap] car, were\\nunoccupied; yet many that had long lemained vacant were being tiirown\\noi)en to admit new^ guests, that are seeking\\nTlic breath of a new life\u00e2\u0080\u0094 tlie healing of tlie seas!\\nOld brasses were being furbished up, and cobwebs swept away by new\\nand ruthless brooms. The town is being colonized from the main-land, and\\nIn 1837 its pojiulation was 9048; it is now a little more than 4000.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0342.jp2"}, "339": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n331\\nthough the inhabitants welcome the change, the crust and flavor of orio-inal-\\nity can not survive it. Already the drift has set in we may, perhaps, live\\nto see a full-fledged lackey in Nantucket streets.\\nThe wharves show the same decay as in Salem and Plymouth, except that\\nhere all are about equally dilapidated and grass-grown. Not a whaling ves-\\nsel of any tonnage to be seen in Nantucket The assertion seems incredible.\\nIn 1834 there were seventy-three ships and a fleet of smaller craft owned on\\nthe island. At this moment a brace of Ashing schooners, called smacks, were\\nthe largest craft in the harbor. The dispersion of the shipping has been like\\nto that of the inhabitants. I have seen those old whale-ships, with their blufi\\nbows and flush decks, moored in a long line inside the Golden Gate. There\\nthey lay, rotting at their anchors, with topmasts struck, and great holes cut\\nin their sides, big enough to drive a wagon right into their holds. To a lands-\\nman they looked not unlike a fleet in array of battle.\\nOthers of these old hulks drifted into such ports as Acapulco and Panama,\\nwhere they were used for coaling the steamships of that coast and at Sacra-\\nmento I saw they had converted one into a prison-ship. The last of them re-\\nmaining in New England harbors were purchased by the Government, and\\nsunk in rebel harbors, as unfit longer to swim the seas. It is not pleasant to\\nthink how the last vestiges of a commerce that carried the fame of the island\\nto the remotest corners of the earth have been swept from the face of the\\nocean.\\nThe whale-ship I was last on board of was the old Peri, of New London,\\nthat looked able to sail equally well bow or stern foremost. The brick try-\\nhouse, thick with soot, remained on deck, the water-butt was still lashed to\\nthe mizzen-mast. How she smelled of oil Her timbers were soaked with\\nit, and, on looking down the hatchway, I could see it floating, in prismatic\\ncolors, on the surface of the bilge-water in her hold. Many a whale had\\nbeen cut up alongside. Her decks were greasy as a butcher s block.\\nThough her sj^ars were aloft, she had a slipshod look that would have vexed\\na sailor beyond measure. The very manner in which the yards were crossed\\ntold as plainly of abandonment as unreeved -blocks and slackened rigging be-\\ntokened a careless indifference of her future.\\nIn the days of whaling, a different scene presented itself from that now\\nseen on Nantucket wharves. Ships were then constantly going and coming,\\ndischarging their cargoes, or getting ready for sea. Tlie quays were encum-\\nbered with butts of oil and heaps of bone. The smith was busy at his forge,\\nthe cooper beside himself with work. Let us step into the warehouse. Oil\\nis everywhere. The counting-house ceiling is smeared with it. The walls are\\nhung with pictures of famous whalemen in oil, of course coming into port\\nwith flags aloft, and I know not how many barrels under their hatches. See\\nthe private signal at the mizzen, the foam falling from the bows, and bub-\\nbling astern! A brave sight; but become unfrequent of late.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0343.jp2"}, "340": {"fulltext": "332\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nLAST OP THE WHALE-SHIPS.\\n_:- On the walls are also models of\\nfortunate ships, neatly lettered Avith\\ntheir names and voyages. I have seen the head and tusks of the walrus af-\\nfixed to them, as the head and antlers of the stag might gi-aee the halls of\\nthe huntsmen of the land. A strip of whalebone; ma])s or charts, smoke-\\nblackened, and dotted with greasy finger marks, indicating where ships\\nhad been spoken, or mayhap gone to Davy Jones s Locker; a South Sea\\njavelin with barbed head, a war club and sheaf of envenomed arrows, or a\\npaddle curiously carved, were the usual paraphernalia appropriate in such a\\nplace.\\nIn the store-room are all tlie supplies necessary to a voyage. There are\\nliarpoons, lances, and cutting spades, with a rifle or two for the cabin. Coils\\nof rigging, and lines for the boats, with a thousand other objects belonging to\\nthe ship s outfitting, are not wanting.\\nAccoi-ding to Langlet, the whale-fishery was first carried on by the Nor-\\nwegians, in tlie ninth century. Up to the sixteenth century, Newfoundland\\nand Iceland were the fishing-grounds. The use of bone was not known until\\nloTS; consequently, snys an old writer, no stays were worn by the ladies.\\nThe English commenced whaling at Spitzbergen in 1598, but they had been", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0344.jp2"}, "341": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n333\\nA\\\\HALINCx IN THE OLDEN TIAIE\\npreceded in those seas by the Dutch. As many as two thousand whales a\\nyear have been annually killed on the coast of Greenland.\\nChamplain says that in his time it was believed the whale was usually taken\\nby balls fired from a can-\\nnon, and that several im-\\npudent liars had sustained\\nthis opinion to his face.\\nThe Basques, he contin-\\nues, were the most skill-\\nful in this fishery. Leav-\\ning their vessels in some\\ngood harbor, they man-\\nned their shallops with\\ngood men, well provided\\nwith lines a hundred and\\nfifty fathoms in length,\\nof the best and strongest\\nhemp. These were at-\\ntached to the middle of the harpoons.* In each shallop was a harpooner, the\\nmost adroit and ^^dispos among them, who had the largest share after the\\nmaster, inasmuch as his was the most hazardous ofiice. The boats Avere pro-\\nvided also with a number of partisans of the length of a half-pike, shod with\\nan iron six inches broad and very trenchant.^\\nWhen at Provincetown, I referred to the beginning of the whale-fishery of\\nNantucket. Ichabod Paddock, in 1690, instructed the islanders how to kill\\nwhales from the shore in boats. The Indians of the island joined in the chase,\\nand were as dexterous as any. Earh^ in the eighteenth century small sloops\\nand schooners of thirty or forty tons burden were fitted out, in which the\\nblubber, after being first cut in large squai e pieces, was brought home, for\\ntrying out. In a few years vessels of sixty to eighty tons, fitted with try-\\nworks, were employed.\\nDouglass gives some additional particulars. About 1746, he says, whaling\\nThe Dutch also whaled with long ropes, as is now our method.\\nWevmouth also describes the Indian manner of taking whales: One especial thing is their\\nmanner of killing the whale, which they call powdawe and will describe his form how he bloweth\\nup the water and that he is twelve fathoms long and that they go in company of their King, with\\na multitude of their boats, and strike him with a bone made in the fashion of a harping-iron, fas-\\ntened to a rope, which they make great and strong of the bark of trees, which they veer out after\\nhim that all their boats come about him, and as he riseth above water, with their arrows they shoot\\nhim to death. When they have killed him and dragged him to shore, they call all their chief lords\\ntogetlier, and sing a song of joy and these chief lords, whom they call sagamores, divide the spoil,\\nand give to every man a share, which pieces so distributed they hang up about their houses for\\nprovision and when they boil them, they blow off the tat, and put to their pease, maize, and other\\npulse which they eat. Weymouth s Voyage.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0345.jp2"}, "342": {"fulltext": "334\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWHALE OF THE ANCIENTS.\\nwas by. sloops or schooners, each carrying two boats and thirteen men. In\\nevery boat were a harpooner, steersman, and four oarsmen, who used nooses\\nfor their oars, so that by letting them\\ngo they would trail alongside when\\nthey were fast to a whale. Tiie fast\\nwas a rope of about twenty-five fath-\\noms, attached to a drag made of plank,\\nabout two feet square, with a stick\\nthrough its centre. To the end of this\\nstick the tow-rope of fifteen fathoms\\nwas fastened.\\nIt passes without challenge that the\\nisle s men were the most skillful whale-\\nmen in the world. The boys, as soon\\nas they could talk, made use of the Indian word townor, meaning, I have\\ntwice seen the whale and as soon as able they took to the oar, becoming\\nexpert oarsmen. Language would inadequately express the triumph of the\\nyoungster who landed in his native town after having struck his first whale.\\nThe Indian who proudly exhibits his first scalp could not rival him. Thus it\\nhappens that you suppose every man in Nantucket can handle the harpoon,\\nand every woman the oar. Nor was it in whaling battles alone that the\\nisland prowess made itself famous. Reuben Chase, midshipman of the Bonne\\nHomme Richard in the battle with the Serapls^ became, under Mr. Cooper s\\nhand, Long Tom Coffin of The Pilot.\\nThe Revolution was near giving the death-blow to Nantucket. In Feb-\\nruary, 1775, Lord North bi ought in his famous bill to restrain the trade and\\ncommerce of New England with Great Britain and her dependencies, and to\\nprohibit their fishery on the Banks of Newfoundland. It was represented\\nto Parliament that of the population of the islands, amounting to some thou-\\nsands, nine-tenths were Quakers that the land was barren, but by astonish-\\ning industry one hundred and forty vessels were kept cnii)l()yed, of which all\\nbut eight were engaged in the whale-fishery.\\nThe inhabitants having been exempted from the restraining act of Parlia-\\nment, the Continental Congress, in 1775, took stejis to prevent the expoit of\\nprovisions to the island from the main-land, except what might be necessary\\nfor domestic use. The Provincial Congress of Massachusetts also prohibited\\ntlic export of provisions until full satisfaction was given that they were not\\nto be used for foreign consuin))tion. These precautions were necessary, be-\\ncause the enemy s ships made the island a rendezvous.\\nNantucket in 1744 had forty sloops and schooners in the whale-fishery. The catch was seven\\nthousand to ten tliousand barrels of oil per annum. There were nine Ijutulred Indians on tlie isl-\\nand of great use in the fislier. Douglass, vol. i., p. 40\\nState papers. Ciordon, vol. i., 4G3. Ilecords of Congress.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0346.jp2"}, "343": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET. 335\\nSome stigma has attached to the Nantucket Friends for their want of\\nj^atriotism in the Revolution, Tliey were perhaps in too great haste to ap-\\nply for the protection of the crown to suit the temper of the day. Justice\\nto their position requires the impartial historian to state that they were at\\nthe mercy of the enemy s fleets. They were virtually left to shift for them-\\nselves, and ought not to be censured for making the best terms possible.\\nAt the close of hostilities their commerce was, in fact, nearly destroyed.\\nStarved by their friends, now become their enemies, and robbed by their\\nenemies, of whom they had sought to make friends, they were in danger of\\nbeing ground between the upper and nether millstones of a hard destiny.\\nI well enough remember the first sight I had of whale ships on their\\ncruising-grounds; of the watchmen in their tubs at the mast-head, where\\nthey looked like strange birds in strange nests and of the great whales that\\nrose to breathe, casting fountains of spray high in the air. They seemed not\\nmore animated than the black hull of a vessel drifting bottom-up, and roll-\\ning lazily from side to side, until, burying their huge heads deeper, a monster\\ntail was lifted into view, remained an instant motionless, and then, following\\nthe rolling plunge of the unwieldy body, sunk majestically beneath the Avave.\\nThe curious interest with which, from the deck of a matter-of-fact steam-\\nship, I had watched the indolent gambols and puflings of the school, had\\ncaused me to lose sight of the whaleman, until an extraordinary commotion\\nrecalled her to my attention. Blocks were rattling, commands quick and\\nsharp were ringing out, and I could plainly see the sjDlash that followed the\\ndescent of the boats into the water. Away they went, the ashen blades\\nbending like withes with the energy and vim of the stroke. Erect in the\\nstern, his arms bared to the slioulder, his body inclined forward like a bend-\\ned bow, was the boat-steerer. I fancied I could hear his voice and see his\\ngestures as he shook his clenched fist in the faces of the boat s crew. This\\nwas the boat-steerer s speech\\nNow, boys, give it to her lay back hard Spring hard^ I tell you\\nThere she blows Break your backs, you duff-eaters Put me right on top\\nof that whale, boys There she is, boys a beauty One more lift, and\\nhurra for Nantucket bar\\nAfter a weary and fruitless chase for the whales had sounded we were\\nboarded by the mate s boat, and requested to report their vessel. I gazed\\nwith real curiosity at its crew. Every man had a bandana handkerchief\\nbound tightly about his head. Faces, chests, and arms were the color of old\\nmahogany well oiled. They were then two years out, they said, and inquired\\nanxiously for news from the States. They neither knew who was Presi-\\ndent, nor of the war raging between the great powers of Europe, and were\\nthankful for the old newspapers that Ave tossed to them. At length they\\nrowed ofl\\\\, cutting their way through the water with a powerful stroke, their\\nboat mounting the seas like an egg-shell.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0347.jp2"}, "344": {"fulltext": "336 THE KEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nAn ancient salt with whom I talked in Nantucket spoke of the disappear-\\nance of the whales, and of their turning up in new and unexpected waters.\\nFrom the beginning of the century until the decline of the fishery, vessels\\nusually made a straight course for Cape Horn but of late years, whales, he\\nsaid, had re-appeared in the Atlantic, making their way, it is believed, through\\nthe North-west Passage. Whales with harpoons sticking in them having the\\nnames of vessels that had entered the Arctic by way of Behring s Straits\\nhave been taken by other ships on the Atlantic side of the continent.\\nWhen I first went whaling, quoth he, you might wake up of a morn-\\ning in the Sea of Japan with fifty sail of whalemen in sight. A fish darsent\\n(durst not) show his head some ship would take him.\\nI have gone on deck off the Cape of Good Hope, he continued, when\\nwe hadn t a bar l of ile in the ship, an the whales nearly blowin on us out o\\nthe water. We took in twelve hundred bar ls afore we put out the fires.\\nNow, though they burn coal-oil in Nantucket, I believe they would pre-\\nfer sperm. You could not convince an islander that the discovery of oil in\\nthe coal-fields was any thing to his advantage; nor would he waste words\\nwith you about the law of compensations. A few, I was told, still cling to\\nthe idea of a revival in the whale-fishery, but the greater number regard it as\\nclean gone. I confess to a weakness for oil of sperm myself. There are the\\nrecollections of a shining row of brazen and pewter lamps on the mantel, the\\ndespair of house-maids. In coal-oil there is no poetry; Shakspeare and Milton\\ndid not study, nor Ben Jonson rhyme, by it. Napoleon dictated and Nelson\\ndied by the light of it. Nowadays there are no lanterns, no torches, worthy\\nthe name.\\nAs there is not enough depth of water on Nantucket bar for large ships,\\nEdgartown Harbor was formerly resorted to by the whalemen of this island,\\nto obtain fresh water and fit their ships for sea. If they returned from a\\nvoyage in winter, they were obliged to discharge their cargoes into lighters\\nat Edgartown before they could enter Nantucket Harbor. One of the Nan-\\ntucket steeples was constructed with a lookout commanding the whole island,\\nfrom which the watchman might, it is said, with a glass, distinguish vessels\\nbelonging here that occasionally came to anchor at Martha s Vineyard.\\nIn time a huge floating dock that could be submerged, called a camel,\\nwas employed to bring vessels over the bar. After going on its knees and\\ntaking the ship on its back, the camel Avas pumped free of water, Avhen both\\ncame into port. These machines are not of Yankee invention. Tiiey were\\noriginated by the celebrated De Witt, for the purpose of conveying large ves-\\nsels from Amsterdam over the Painpus. They wei-e also introduced into\\nRussia by Peter the Great, who had ol)taincd their model wliile working as a\\ncommon shipwright in Holland. As inventecl, the camel was composed of\\ntwo separate parts, each having a concave side to embrace the ship s hull, to\\nwhich it was fastened with strong cables.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0348.jp2"}, "345": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET. 33-^\\nThe liarbors of Edgavtown, New London, and New Bedford, not bein\\nsubject to the inconvenience of a bar before them, flourished to some extent\\nat the expense of Nantucket; but all these ports liave shared a common fate.\\nThe gold fever of 1849 broke out when whaling was at its ebb, and then\\nscores of whale -ships for the last time doubled Cape Horn. Officer^ and\\nmen drifted into other employments, or continued to follow the sea in some\\nless dangerous service. They were considered the best sailors in the world.\\nI remember one athletic Islesman, a second-mate, who quelled a mutiny single-\\nhanded with sledge-hammer blows of his fist. When his captain appeared\\non deck with a brace of pistols, the affray was over. The ringleader bore\\nthe marks of a terrible punishment. You ve a heavy hand, Mr, Blank,\\nsaid Captain G I m a Nantucket whaleman, and used to a long\\ndart.\\nAt the Nantucket Athenjeum are exhibited some relics of whales and\\nwhaling, of which all true islanders love so well to talk. The jaw-bone of a\\nsperm-whale may there be seen. It would have made Samson a better weap-\\non than the one he used with such effect against the Philistines. This whale\\nstores the spermaceti in his cheek. You can compress the oil from it with\\nthe hand, as from honey-comb. What is called the case is contained in\\nthe reservoir he carries in his head, from which barrels of it are sometimes\\ndipped. What does he want with it? Or is if, mayhap, a softening of his\\ngreat, sluggish brain\\nThe tremendous power the whale is able to put forth when enraged is\\nillustrated by the tale of a collision with one that resulted in the loss of the\\nship \u00c2\u00a3Jssex, of Nantucket. On the 13th of November, 1820, the ship was\\namong whales, and three boats were lowered. A young whale was taken.\\nShortly after, another of great size, supposed to have been the dam of tlie one\\njust killed, came against the ship with such violence as to tear awa}^ part of\\nthe false keel. It then remained some time alongside, endeavoring to grip\\nthe ship in its jaws; but, failing to make any impression, swam off about a\\nquarter of a mile, when, suddenly turning about, it came with tremendous\\nvelocity toward the Essex. The concussion not^only stopped the vessel s\\nway, but actually forced lier astern. Every man on deck was knocked down.\\nThe bows were completely stove. In a few minutes the vessel filled and\\nwent on her beam-ends.\\nNear one of the principal wharves is the Custom-house. It is situated at\\nthe bottom of the square already referred to, of which the Pacific Bank,\\nestablished in 1805, occupies the upper end, the sides being bordered by\\nshops. The first-floor of the Custom-house is used by a club of retired ship-\\nmasters, in which they meet to recount the perils and recall the s])oils of\\nwhaling battles.\\nWe are told by Macy, the historian of the island, that the inhabitants\\nlive together like one great family. They not only know their nearest neigh-\\n22", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0349.jp2"}, "346": {"fulltext": "338 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nbors, but each one knows the rest. If you wish to see any man, you need but\\nask the first inhabitant you meet, and he will be able to conduct you to his\\nresidence, to tell you what occupation he is of, etc., etc. If one house en-\\ntertained a stranger, the neighbors would send in whatever luxuries they\\nmigl t have. Aft^er a lapse of nearly forty years, I found Macy s account\\nstiU true. All questionings were answered with civility and directness, and,\\nas if that were not enough, persons volunteered to go out of their way to\\nconduct me. In a whaling port there is no cod-fish aristocracy. Thackeray\\ncould not have found materials for his Book of Snobs in Nantucket, though,\\nif rumor may be believed, a few of the genus are dropping in from the main-\\nland.\\nI observed nothing peculiar about the principal centre of trade, except the\\nmanner of selling rae at, vegetables, etc. When the butchers accumulate an\\noverstock of any article they dispose of it by auction, the town-crier being\\ndispatched to summon the inhabitants, greeting.\\nThis functionary I met, swelling with importance, but a trifle blown from\\nthe frequent sounding of his clarion, to wit, a japanned fish-horn. Met him,\\ndid I say I beg the indulgence of the readei-. Wherever I wandered in my\\nrambles, he was sure to turn the corner just ahead of me, or to spring from\\nthe covert of some blind alley. Pie was one of those who, Macy says, knew\\nall the other inhabitants of the island me he knew for a stranger. He stopped\\nshort. First he wound a terrific blast of his horn. Toot, toot, toot, it echoed\\nd.nvn the street, like the discordant braying of a donkey. This he followed\\nwith lusty ringing of a large dinner-bell, peal on peal, until I was ready to\\nexclaim with the Moor,\\nSilence that dreadful bell it flights the isle\\nFrom her propriety.\\nThen, placing the fish-liorn under his arm, and taking the bell by the tongue,\\nhe delivered himself of his formula. I am not likely to forget it Two boats\\na day Burgess s meat auction this evening Corned beef! Boston Theatre,\\npositively last night this evening\\nHe was gone, and I heard bell and horn in the next street. He was the\\nlife of Nantucket while I was there; the only inhabitant I saw moving faster\\nthan a moderate walk. They said he had been a soldier, discharged, by liis\\nown account, for being \u00c2\u00abo?i compos,^ or something of the sort. I doubt\\nthere is any thing the matter with his lungs, or that his wits arc, like sweet\\nbells jangled, out of tune and harsh yet of his fish-horn I would say,\\nU woiilii I rni ;ht turn poet for an honre,\\nTo satirize with a vindictive powere\\nAgainst the hbncer\\nThe history of Nantucket is not involved in obscurity, though Dr. Morse,", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0350.jp2"}, "347": {"fulltext": "NAKTUCKET. 33 g\\nin his Gazetteer, printed in 1V93, says no mention is made of the discovery and\\nsettlement of the island, under its present name, by any of our historians Its\\nsettlement by English goes no further back than 1659, when Thomas Macy\\nremoved from Salisbury, in Massachusetts, to the west end of the island called\\nby the Indians Maddequet, a name still retained by the harbor and fishino-\\nhamlet there. Edward Starbuck, James Coffin, and another of the name of\\nDaget, or Daggett, came over from Martha s Vineyard, it is said, for the sake\\nof the gunnn.g, and lived with Macy. At that time there were nearly three\\nthousand Indians on the island.\\nNantucket annals show what kind of sailors may be made of Quakers\\nThe illustration is not unique. In the same year that Macy came to the isl-\\nand a ship wholly manned by them went from Newfoundland to Lisbon with\\nfish. Some of them much affronted the Portuguese whom they met in the\\nstreets by not taking off their hats to salute them. If the gravity of the\\nmatter had not been the subject of a state paper I should not hive known it.=\\nNantucket and Martha s Vineyard were not included in either of the four\\nNew England governments. All the islands between Cape Cod and Hudson\\nRiver were claimed by the Earl of Sterling. In 1641 a deed was passed to\\nThomas Mayhew, of Martha s Vineyard, by James Forett, agent of the earl\\nand Richard Vines, the steward of Sir F. Gorges. The isLCnd, until the ac-\\ncession of William and Mury, was considered within the jurisdiction of New\\nYork, though we find the deed to Mayhew reciting that the government to\\nbe there established by him and his associates should be such as was then\\nexisting in Massachusetts, with the same privileges granted by the patent of\\nthat colony. In 1659 Mayhew conveyed to the associates mentioned in his\\ndeed, nine in number, equal portions of his grant, after reserving to himself\\nMasquetuck Neck, or Quaise.^ The consideration was thirty pounds of lawful\\nmoney and two beaver hats, one for himself, and one for his wife. The first\\nmeeting of the proprietors was held at Salisbury, Massachusetts, in September\\nOf Macy it is known that he fled from the rigorous persecution of the Quakers by the govern-\\nment of Massachusetts Bay. The penalties were ordinarily cropping the ears, branding with an\\niron, scourging, the i^illory, or banishment. These cruelties, barbarous as thev were, were merely\\nborrowed from the England of tliat day, where the sect, saving capital punishment, was persecuted\\nwith as great ligor as it ever was in the colonies. The death-penalty inflicted in the Bav Colony\\nbrought the affairs of the Friends to the notice of the reigning king. Thereafter they were toler-\\nated but as persecution ceased the sect dwindled away, and in New England it is not numerous.\\nThe Friends poet sings of Macy, the outcast\\nFar round the bleak and stormy Cape\\nThe vent i ous Macy passed,\\nAnd on Nantucket s naked U\\\\e.\\nDrew up his boat at last.\\nThurloe, vol. v., p. 422.\\nThe nine were Tristram Coffin, Thomas Macy, Christopher Hussey, Richard Swain, Thomas\\nBarnard, Peter Coffin, Stephen Greenleaf, John Swain, and William Pile, who afterward sold his\\ntenth to Richard Swain.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0351.jp2"}, "348": {"fulltext": "340 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof the same year (1659), at which time ten other persons were admitted part-\\nners, enlarging the whole number of proprietors to nineteen. After the re-\\nmoval to the island, the number was further increased to twenty-seven by the\\nadmission of Richard and Joseph Gardiner, Joseph Coleman, William Worth,\\nPeter and Eleazer Folger, Samuel Stretor, and Nathaniel Wier.\\nThe English settlers in 1660 obtained a confirmation of their title from\\nthe sachems Wanackmaraack and Nickanoose, with certain reservations to\\nthe Indian inhabitants, driving, as usual, a hard, ungenerous bargain, as the\\nIndians learned when too late. In IVOO their grievances were communicated\\nby the Earl of Bellomont, then governor, to the crown. Their greatest\\ncomplaint was, that the English had by calculation stripped them of the\\nmeans of keeping cattle or live stock of any kind, even on their reserved\\nlands, by means of concessions they did not comprehend. At that time the\\nIndians had been decimated, numbering fewer than four hundred, while the\\nAvhites had increased to eight hundred souls. Tlie mortality of 1763 wasted\\nthe few remaining Indians to a handful. In 1V91 there were but four males\\nand sixteen females. Abraham Quady, the last survivor, died within a few\\nyears.\\nThe choice of the island by Macy is accounted for by the foregoing facts,\\ndoubtless within his knowledge, as many of the original proprietors were his\\ntownsmen.\\nThomas Maybe w ouglit to be considered one of the fathers of English set-\\ntlement in New England. He was of Watertown, in Massachusetts, and I\\npresume the same person mentioned by Drake, in his Founders, as desirous\\nof passing, in 1637, into fforaigne partes. He is styled Mr. Thomas May-\\nhew, Gent., a title raising him above the rank of tradesmen, artificers, and the\\nlike, who were not then considered gentlemen nor is this distinction much\\nweakened at the present day in England. Mayhew received his grant of\\nNantucket and two small islands adjoining in October, 1641, and on the 23d\\nof the same month, of Martha s Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands. The\\nyounger Mayhew, who, Mather says, settled at the Vineyard in 1642, seems to\\nhave devoted liimself to the conversion of the Indians with the zeal of a mis-\\nsionary. In 1657 he was drowned at sea, the sliip in which he had sailed for\\nEngland never having been lieard from. He was taking Avith him one of the\\nVineyard Indians, with the hope of awakening an interest in their progress\\ntoward Christianity. Jonathan Mayliew, the celebrated divine, was of this\\nstock.\\nThe first settlement at Maddcquet Harbor was abandoned after a more\\nJolin Smith, Natlianiel Siavljuck, Eihvaid Starbtick, Tliomas Look, Kobert Barnard, James\\nCoffin, Kobert I ike, Tristram otlin, .Inn., I iiomas Coleman, and .John Hisbop.\\nOf tbree hundred and fifty-ciglit Indians alive in 17G3, two hundred and twenty-two died by\\nthe distemper.\\nHutchinson.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0352.jp2"}, "349": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n341\\nthorougli knowledge of the island and the accession of white inhabitants. The\\nsouth side of tlie present harbor was first selected but its inconvenience being-\\nsoon felt, the town was located where it now is. By instruction of Governor\\nFrancis Lovelace it received, in 1673, the name of Sherburne, changed in 1795\\nto the more familiar one of Nantucket.\\nThe town stands near the centre of the island, the place having formerlv\\nbeen known by the Indian name of Wesko, signifying Wliite Stone. This\\nstone, which lay, like the rock of the Pilgrims, on the harbor shore, was in\\ntime covered by a wharf. The bluff at the west of the town still retains the\\nname of Sherburne. I found the oldest houses at the extremities of the town.\\nK. JOHNSON S STUDIO, NANTUCKET.\\nAnother of the original proprietors is remembered wntli honor by the isl-\\nanders. Peter Folger was looked up to as a snpei ior sort of man. He Avas\\nso well versed in the Indian tongue that his name is often found on the deeds\\nfrom the natives. The mother of Benjamin Franklin was the daughter of\\nFolger. They do not forget it. The name of Peter Folger is still contin-\\nued, and family relics of interest are preserved by the descendants of the\\nfirst Peter,\\nAny account of Nantucket must be incomplete that omits mention of Sir\\nIsaac Coffin. Sir Isaac was a Bostonian. His family were out-and-out Tories\\nin the Revolution, with more talent than in general falls to the share of one", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0353.jp2"}, "350": {"fulltext": "342\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nhousehold. He was descended from an ancient family in the northern part\\nof Devonshire, England. In 17V3 Isaac Coffin was taken to sea by Lieutenant\\nHunter, of the Gaspee^ at the recommendation of Admiral John Montague.\\nHis commanding officer said he never knew any young man acquire so much\\nnautical knowledge in so short a time. After reaching the grade of post-\\ncaptain. Coffin, for a breach of the regulations of the service, was deprived of\\nhis vessel, and Earl Howe struck his name from the list of post-captains. This\\nact being illegal, he was reinstated in ITOO. In 1804 he was made a baronet,\\nand in 1814 became a full admiral in the British navy. One of his brothers\\nwas a British general.\\nOn a visit to the United States, in 1826, Sir Isaac came to Xantucket.\\nFinding that many of the inhabitants claimed descent from his own genea-\\nlogical tree, he authorized the purchase of a building, and endowed it with a\\nfund of twenty-five hundred pounds sterling, for the establishment of a school\\nto which all descendants of Tristram Coffin, one of the first settlers, should be\\nadmitted. On one of his voyages to America the admiral suffered shipwreck.\\nDuring the war of 1812, it is related that the admiral made a visit to Dart-\\nmoor prison, for the purpose of releasing any American prisoners of his family\\nname. Among others who presented themselves was a negro. Ah, said\\nthe admiral, you a Coffin too? Yes, massa. How old are yon? Me\\nthirty years, massa. Well, then, you are not one of the Coffins, for they\\nnever turn black until forty.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0354.jp2"}, "351": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET. OLD WINDMILL, LOOKING OCEANWAKU.\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nKANTUCKET continuecl.\\nMuskeeget, Tuckanuck, Maddequet,\\nSankoty, Coatue, Siasconset.\\nTTISTORY is said to repeat itself, and Avhy may not the wlialc-fishing\\nNow that the ships are all gone, a small M hale is occasionally taken off\\nthe island, as in days of yore. While I was at Nantucket, a school of black-\\ntish were good enougli to come into the shallows not far from the harbor, and\\nstupid enough to permit themselves to be taken. The manner of their cap-\\nture was truly an example of the triumph of mind over matter.\\nWhen the school were discovered near the shore, the fisliermen, getting\\noutside of them in their dories, by hallooing, sounding of horns, and other\\nnoises, drove them, like frightened sheep, toward the beach. As soon as the\\nhunters were in shoal water they left their boats, and jumped overboard, urg-\\ning the silly fish on by outcries, splashing the water, and blows. Men, and\\neven boys, waded boldly up to a fish, and led him ashore by a fin or, if in-\\nclined to show fight, put their knives into him. They cuffed them, ])ricked\\nthem onward, filling the air with shouts, or with peals of laughtei-, as some\\npursuer, more eager than prudent, lost his footing, and became for the moment\\na fish. All this time the blackfish were nearing the shore, uttering sounds\\nclosely resembling groanings and lamentations. The calves kept close to the", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0355.jp2"}, "352": {"fulltext": "344 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nold ones, squealing, as one of the captors told me, like young pigs. It was\\ngreat sport, not wholly free from danger, for the lish can strike a powerful\\nblow with its flukes and the air was filled with jets of water where they had\\nlashed it into foam. At length the whole school were landed, even to one\\npoor calf that had wandered off and now came back to seek its dam. The\\nfishermen, after putting their marks upon them, went up to town to com-\\nmunicate their good luck. Sometimes a hundred or two are taken at once\\nin this wise, here or on the Cape.\\nThe oil of the blackfish is obtained in precisely the same manner as that\\nof the whale, of which it is a pocket edition. The blubber, nearly resembling\\npork-fat, was stripped oft and taken in dories to town. I saw the men tossing\\nit with their pitchforks on the shore, whence it was loaded into carts, and car-\\nried to the try-house on one of the wharves. Here it w-as heaped in a palpi-\\ntating and by no means savory mass. Men were busily engaged in trimming\\noflT the superfluous flesh, or in slicing it, with great knives resembling shingle-\\nfroes, into pieces suitable for the try-pot; and still others were tossing it into\\nthe smoking caldron.\\nBut if whales are getting scarce round about Nantucket, the blue-fish is\\nstill plenty. This gamest and most delicious of salt-water fish is noted for\\nits strength, voracity, and grit. lie is a very pirate among fish, making ])rey\\nof all alike. Cod, haddock, mackerel, or tautog, are glad to get out of his\\nway the smaller fry he chases among the surf-waves of the shore, much as\\nthe fishermen pursue the blackfish. Where the blue-fish abounds you need\\nnot try for other sort: he is lord high admiral of the finny tribes.\\nThis fish has a curious history. Before the year 1763, in which the great\\npestilence occurred among the Indians of the island, and from the first coming\\nof the Indians to Nantucket, a large, fat fish, called the blue-fish, thirty of\\nwhich would fill a barrel, was caught in great plenty all around the island,\\nfrom the 1st of July to the middle of October. It was remarked that in\\n1704, the year in which the sickness ended, they disappeared, and were not\\nagain seen until about fifty years ago.\\nIt was a delicious afternoon that I set sail for the Opening, as it is called,\\nbetween Nantucket and Tuckanuck, an appanage of the former, and one of\\nthe five islands constituting the county of Nantucket. The tide runs with\\nsuch swiftness that the boatmen do not venture through the Opening except\\nwith plenty of wind, and of the right sort. With a stiff breeze blowiiig, the\\nbreakers are superb, especially when wind and tide are battling with each\\nother. With the wind blowing freshly over these shallow waters, it does\\nnot take long for the seas to assume proportions simply appalling to a lands-\\nZacdiens Mary, in his aocoiint of the ishiml, written in 1792, says none had been taken up to\\ntliat time a great loss to the islanders.\\nThe Indian name Tiifkannck siyiiilies a loaf of bread.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0356.jp2"}, "353": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n345\\nman. It was a magnificent sight I\\nGreat waves erected themselves into\\nsolid walls of green, advancing at\\nfirst majestically, then rushing with\\nincreased momentum across our\\ncourse to crash in clouds of foam\\nupon the opposite shore. It needs a\\nskillful boatman at the helm. What with the big seas, the seething tide-rips,\\nand the scanty sea-room, the sail is of itself sufficiently exciting.\\nBut the fishing, what of that? We cast our lines over the stern, and, as\\nthe boat was going at a great pace, they were straightened out in a trice.\\nAt the end of each was a wicked -looking hook of large size, having a\\nleaden sinker run upon the shank of it. Over this hook, called by the fish-\\nermen hereabouts a drail, an eel-skin was drawn, though I have known\\nthe blue -fish to bite well at a simple piece of canvas or leather. Away\\nbounded the boat, while we stood braced in the standing-room to meet her\\nplunging. Twenty fathoms with a pound of lead at the end seems fifty,\\nat least, with your boat rushing headlong iinder all she can bear. Half\\nan acre of smooth water wholly unruflled is just ahead. I m going to\\nput you right into that slick, said our helmsman. Now look out for a\\nbig one.\\nI felt a dead weight at my line. At the end of it a shining object leaped\\nclear from the water and fell, with a loud plash, a yard in advance. Now,\\nhaul in steadily; don t be flurried; but, above all, mind your line does not\\nslacken. I lost one splendid fellow by too great precipitation. The line is\\nas rigid as steel wire, and, if your hands are tender, cuts deep into the flesh.\\nAh! he is now near enough to see the boat. How he plunges and tries to\\nturn He makes the water boil, and the line fairly sing. I had as lief try to\\nhold an old hunter in a steeple-chase. Ha! here you are, my captive, under\\nthe counter; and now I lift you carefully over the gunwale. I enjoin on the", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0357.jp2"}, "354": {"fulltext": "346 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ninexperienced to be sure they land a fisli in the boat, and not lose one, as I\\ndid, by throwing him on tlie gunwale.\\nThe fish shows fight after he is in the tub, shutting his jaws with a vicious\\nsua}) as lie is being unhooked. Look out for him he can bite, and sharply\\ntoo. The blue-fish is not unlike the salmon in looks and in action. He is fur-\\nnished with a backbone of steel, and is younger brother to the shark.\\nI looked over my shoulder. My companion, a cool hand ordinarily, was\\nengaged in hauling in his line with allected nonchalance; but compressed\\nlips, stern eye, and rigid figure said otherwise. There is a quick flash in the\\nwater, and in comes the fish. Eight-pounder, says the boatman.\\nTHE BLUE-FISH.\\nThese slicks are not the least curious feature of blue-fishing. The fisli\\nseems to have the ability to exude an oil, by which he calms tlie water so that\\nhe may, in a way, look about him, showing himself in this an adept in apply-\\ning a well-known principle in hydrostatics. A perceptible odor arises from\\nthe slicks, so that the boatmen will often say, I smell blue-fish.\\nThe boatman steered among the tide-rips, where each of us soon struck a\\nfish, or, as the ])hrase here is, got fast. The monster I believe he was a\\nten-pounder at least that took my hook threw himself bodily into the air,\\nshaking his head as if he did not mean to come on board us. ^Vnd he was as\\ngood as his threat: I saw the drail skipping on the top of the wave as my\\nline came in empty.\\nIn two hours we had filled a ))arrel with fish, and it was time to sliape our\\ncourse harbor waivl. We saw the smoke of the Lshoul Home, looking at first\\nas if rising out of the Sound; then her fuimel appeared, and at length lier liuU\\nr()S(! into view; but slie was come within a mile of us before I could distin-\\nguish her walking-beam. Tuckanuck and Low Water Island were soon a-lee.\\njVIaddecpu t Harbor opened a moment for lis, but we did not enter. We\\nrounded Eel Point with a full sail, and shot past Whale Rock and tlie shoal\\nof stranded blackfish I told you of. Ever and anon w^e had passed one adrift,\\nstripped of liis fatty epidermis, and now food for the sharks. They were\\ngrotesque objects, though iu)\\\\v mere carrion, above which the. tierce gulls", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0358.jp2"}, "355": {"fulltext": "BLUE-FI8HIXG.\\nscreamed noisily. Here is Brant Point, and its light-house of red brick. We\\nstand well over for Coatue, then about with her for the home stretch. Fast\\nbind fast find. Our bark is moored. With stiffened joints, but light hearts,\\nwe seek our lodgings. What do they say to us? I faith I am not sorry I\\nwent blue-fishing. Reader, are you\\nMany blue-fish are caught off the beach on the south shore of the island\\nby casting a line among the breakers, and then hauling it quickly in. This\\nmethod they call heave and haul. It takes an expert to get the sleight\\nof it. Gathering the line in a coil and swinging it a few times around his\\nhead, an old hand will cast it to an incredible distance. The fish is also fre-\\nquently taken in seines in shallow creeks and inlets, but he as often escapes\\nthrough the rents he has made in the net.\\nI had three excursions to make before I could say I had seen Nantucket.\\nOne was to the hills and sands toward Coatue, that curved like a sickle around\\nthe harbor; another was to Siasconset and yet another to the south side.\\nThis being done, I had not left much of the island unexplored.\\nIt was on a raw, blustering morning that I set out for a walk arouiul the\\neastern shore of the harbor. I saw the steamboat go out over the bar, now\\nsettling down in the trough, and now shaking herself and staggering onward.\\nBismally it looked for a day in July, but I had not the mending of it. After", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0359.jp2"}, "356": {"fulltext": "348 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ngetting well clear of the town I found the hills assuming some size and ap-\\npearance of vegetation. They-were overgrown with wild-cranberry vines\\nbearing stunted fruit, each turning a little red cheek to be kissed by the\\nmorning sun. Some beautiful flowers sprung from among the neutral patches\\nof heather. The Indian pea, unmatched in wild beauty, displayed its sump-\\ntuous plume among the gray moss or modest daisies.\\nThe beach grass was rooted everywhere in the hillocks next the shore, and\\nappeared to be gradually working its way inland. I attempted to pull some\\nof it up, but only the stalks remained in my hand. Each leaf is like a sword-\\nblade. Pass your hand across the under-surtace, and it is prickly and rough.\\nWhat there formerly was of soil has been growing thinner and thinner by\\nbeing blown into the sea. Unlike the buffalo-grass of the plains, the beach\\ngrass possesses little nutriment, though cattle crop the tender shoots in spring.\\nIt was formerly much used for broom-stuff\\nI picked up by the shore many scallop-shells, and on the hills saw many\\nmore lying where pleasure-seekers had held, as the saying is, their squan-\\ntum^ or picnic. This is a historical sheik It surmounts the cap-stone of the\\nmonument built over the Rock of the Forefathers at Plymouth. In the Dark\\nAges, a scallop-shell fastened to the hat was the accepted sign that the weai cr\\nhad made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. We read in Parneirs Hermit:\\nHe quits his cell, the pilgrim staff he bore,\\nAnd fixed the scallop in his hat before.\\nProfessor Gosse says there was a supposed mystical connection between\\nthe scallop-shell and St. James, the brother of the Lord, first bisliop of Jeru-\\nsalem. Tlie scallop beds are usually in deep water, and the fish, therefore,\\ncan be obtained only by dredging. They are rather plentiful in Xarraganset\\nBay. Some, of a poetic turn, have called them the butterflies of the sea;\\nothers a frill, from their fancied resemblance to that once indispensable\\nbadge of gentility. As much as any thing they look like an open fiiii. Many\\nother shells I found, particularly the valves of quahaugs, and a periwinkle\\nsix inches in length. Its shell is obtained by fastening a hook in the fish and\\nsuspending it by a string. In a few hours the inhabitant drops his integu-\\nment. Amber is sometimes picked up on the shores, they say, but none came\\nto my share.\\nShells of the same kind as those now common to tlie shores of the island\\nhave been found at the depth of fifty feet, after penetrating several strata of\\nearth and clay. In digging as deep as the sea-level, the same kind of sand is\\nbrought to the surface as now makes the beaches, and the same inclination\\nhas been observed that now exists on the shores. INIr. Adams, my landlord,\\ntold me he saw taken from a well, at the depth of sixty feet, a quantity of\\nquahaug-shells of the size of a half-dollar. They usually have to go this\\ndepth in the sand, and then get poor, brackish water. Tliere is an account", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0360.jp2"}, "357": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET. 349\\nof the finding of the bone of a wliale thirty feet under-ground at Siasconset.\\nI saw many coveied wells in Nantucket streets that appeared to be the sup-\\nply of their immediate neighborhoods.\\nThe fogs that sometimes envelop Nantucket gave rise to a pleasant fic-\\ntion, which smacks of the salt. A Avhaling ship, outward-bound, having been\\ncauglit in one of unusual density in leaving the port, the captain made a pe-\\nculiar mark in it with a harpoon, and on his return, after a three years cruise,\\nfell in with the harbor at the very same spot.\\nThe Indian legend of the origin of Nantucket is that Mashope, the Indian\\ngiant, formed it by emptying the ashes of his pipe into the sea. This same\\nMashope, having in one of his excursions lighted his pipe on the island, and\\nsat down for a comfortable smoke, caused the fogs that have since prevailed\\nthere. He probably waded across from the Vineyard, when he wanted a\\nlittle distraction from domestic infelicities.\\nThe residence of Mashope was in a cavern known as the Devil s Den, at\\nGay Head. Here he broiled the whale on a fire made of the largest trees,\\nwhich he pulled up by the roots. After separating No Man s Land from\\nGay Head, metamorphosing his children into fishes, and throwing his wife on\\nSeconnet Point, where she now lies, a misshapen rock, he broke up housekeep-\\ning and left for parts unknown.\\nAnother Indian legend ascribed the discovery of Nantucket to the rav-\\nages made by an eagle among the children of the tribes on Cape Cod. The\\nbird having seized a papoose, was followed by the parents in a canoe until\\nthey came to the island, where they found the bones of the child. The ex-\\nistence of the island was not before suspected.\\nAnciently, the dwellers were shepherds, living by their flocks as well as\\nby fishing. Every inhabitant had the right to keep a certain number of sheep.\\nOne da) in the year formerly the only holiday kept on the island every\\nbody repaired to the commons. The sheep were driven into pens and sheared.\\nSheep -shearing day continued the red-letter day on Nantucket well into\\nthe present century. I saw flocks browsing almost everywhere in my ram-\\nbles, and thought them much more pictui esque objects in the landscape than\\ncorn-fields or vegetable gardens. There is a freedom about a shepherd s life,\\na communion with and knowledge of nature in all her variable moods, that\\nrenders it more attractive than delving in the soil. No one is so weather-\\nwise as a shepherd-boy. I liked to hear the tinkling of the bells, and watch\\nthe gambols of the lambs on the hill-sides.\\nIn his day, Philip was lord and sagamore of the Nantucket Indians. He\\ncame once to the island, in pursuit of a subject who liad violated savage\\nlaws by speaking the name of the dead. The culprit took refuge in the\\nhouse of Thomas Macy, and Philip, by the payment of a considerable ransom,\\nwas induced to spare his life. This occurred in 1665.\\nThe Indian priuce was absolute lord on land and sea. Every thing", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0361.jp2"}, "358": {"fulltext": "350 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nstranded on his coasts whales or other wreck of value found floating on the\\nsea washing his shores or brought and landed from any part of the sea, was\\nno less his own. In the Magnalia is related an incident illustrating this\\nabsolutism of Indian sagamores. An Indian prince, with eighty well-armed\\nattendants, came to Mr. Mayhew s house at Martha s Vineyard. Mayhew en-\\ntered the room, but, being acquainted with their customs, took no notice of\\nthe visitors, it being with them a point of honor for an inferior to salute the\\nsuperior. After a considerable time the chief broke silence, addressing Mr.\\nMayhew as sachem, a title importing only good or noble birth. Tl\u00c2\u00bbe prince\\nhaving preferred some request, Mayhew acceded to it, adding that he would\\nconfer with the whites to obtain their consent also. The Indian demanded\\nwhy he recalled his promise, saying, What I promise or speak is always\\ntrue but you, an English governor, can not be true, for you can not of your-\\nself make true what you promise.\\nIt has been observed that the island is gradually Avasting away. On the\\neast and south some hundreds of acres have been encroached upon by the\\nsea, and, by the accounts of ancient inhabitants, as many more on the north.\\nDuring some years the sea has contributed to extend the shores; in others\\nthe waste was arrested but the result of a long series of observations shows\\na constant gain for the ocean. Smith s Point, now isolated from the main-\\nland, once formed a part of it, the sea in 1786 making a clean breach through,\\nand forming a strait half a mile wide.\\nI have no wish to depreciate the value of real estate upon Nantucket,\\nbut by the year 3000, according to our present calendar, I doubt if there will\\nbe more than a grease-spot remaining to mark the habitation of a race of\\nvikings whose javelins were harpoons.\\nSiasconset is the paradise of the islander: not to see it would be in his\\neyes unpardonable. Therefore I went to Siasconset, or Sconset, as your true\\nislander pronounces it, retaining all the kernel of the word. It is situated on\\nthe south-east shore of the island, seven miles from the town.\\nYou may have, for your excursion, any sort of vehicle common to the\\nmain-land, but the islanders most affect a cart with high-boarded sides and a\\nstep behind, more resembling a city coal-cart than any thing else I can call to\\nmind. Though not like an Irish jaunting-car, it is of quite as peculiar con-\\nstruction, and, when filled with its complement of gleeful excursionists, is no\\nbad conveyance. For my own ])art, I would rather walk, but they will tell you\\nevery body rides to Sconset. Take any vehicle you will, you can have only\\na single liorse, the road, or i-ather track, being so deeply rutted that, when\\nonce in it, the wheels run in grooves six to twelve inches in depth, while the\\nhorse jogs along in a sort of furrow.\\nI own to a rooted antipathy to carts, going much farther back than my\\nvisit to Nantucket. The one I rode in over a stony road in Maine, with a\\nsack of hay for a cushion, put me out of conceit witli carts. I would liave", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0362.jp2"}, "359": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n351\\nadmired the scenery, had not my time been occupied in holding on, and in\\ncatching my breath. I might have talked with the driver, had not the joliino-\\nput me under the necessity of swallowing my own words, and nobody, I fancy,\\nquite likes to do that. What little was said came out by jerks, like the con-\\nfession of a victim stretched on the rack. Henceforth I revolted against hav-\\ning my utterance broken on the wheel.\\nBut when I came to be the involuntary witness of a family quarrel in a\\ncart, I banished them altogether from the catalogue of vehicles. You are\\nkept so very close to it, in a cart, you see. There s thousands of couples\\namong you getting on like sweet-ile on a whetstone, in houses five and six\\npairs of stairs high, that would go to the divorce court in a cart. Whether\\nthe jolting makes it worse, I don t undertake to decide, but in a cart it does\\ncome home to you, and stick to you. Wiolence in a cart is so wiolent, and\\naggrawation in a cart so aggrawating.\\nAfter leaving the town the way is skirted, for some distance, with scraggy,\\nweird-looking pitch-pines, that are slowly replacing the native forest. At\\nevery mile is a stone set at the roadside by the care of one native to this,\\nand now an inhabitant of the most populous island in America. They are\\npainted white, and stand like sentinels by day, or ghosts by night, to point\\nthe way. In one place I noticed the bone of a shark stuck in the ground for\\na landmark. There are two roads to Siasconset, the old and the new. I\\nchose the old.\\nA stretch of seven miles across a lonely prairie, with no other object for\\nthe eye to rest upon than a few bare hills or sunken ponds, brought us in sight\\nof the village and of the sea.\\nThe Siasconset of the past was neither more nor less than a collection of\\nfishermen s huts, built of the simplest materials that would keep out wind and\\nweather. In the beginnings of the English along our coast these little fish-\\ning-hamlets were called stages. Other fishing-stages were at Weweeders,\\nPeedee, Sesacacha, and Quidnet. Of these Siasconset alone has flourished.\\nAll early navigators and writers agree that the waters hereaway were abun-\\ndantly stocked with the cod.\\nI found the village pleasantly seated along the margin of the bluff, that\\nrises here well above the sea. Behind it the land swelled again so as to in-\\ntercept the view of the town. Underneath the cliif is a terrace of sand, to\\nwhich a fliglit of steps, eked out with a footpath, assists the descent. Here\\nwere lying a number of dories, and one or two singular-looking fish-carts,\\nwith a cask at one end for a wheel. A fish-house, with brush flakes about it,\\nand a pile of wreck lumber, completed what man might have a title to. This\\nterrace pitches abruptly into the sea, with a regularity of slope like the glacis\\nof a fortress. It would never do to call the Atlantic a ditch, yet you seem\\n1 Rev. F. C. Ewer, of New York.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0363.jp2"}, "360": {"fulltext": "352\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nHOMES OF THE FISHEKMEN, SIASCOMSKT.\\nstanding on a parapet of sand. The sand here appears composed of particles\\nof granite; in other parts of the island it is like the drift at Cape Cod.\\nThe village is an odd collection of one-story cottages, so alike that the\\nfirst erected might have served as a pattern for all others. Iron cranes pro-\\njected from angles of the houses, on which to hang lanterns at night-fall, in\\nplace of street-lamps. Fences, neatly whitewashed or painted, inclosed each\\nhouseholder s possession, and in many instances blooming flower-beds caused\\nan involuntary glance at the window for their guardians. On many houses\\nwere the names of wrecks that liad the seeming of grave-stones overlooking\\nthe sands that had entombed the ships that wore them. In one front yard\\nwas the carved figure of a woman that had been filliped by the foam of many\\na sea. Fresh from the loftier buildings and broader streets of the town, this\\nseemed like one of those miniature villages that children delight in.\\nLooking off seaward, I could descry no sails. The last objects on the hori-\\nzon line were white-crested breakers combing above the gulf or ship-swal-\\nlower lying in wait V)cneath them. It is a dangerous sea, and Nantucket\\nShoals have obtained a terrible celebrity imequaled, perhaps, even by the\\nGoodwin Sands, that mariners shudder at the mention of If a ship grounds\\non the Shoal she is speedily wrenched in pieces by the power of the surf.\\nThey will tell you of a brig (the Poinsett) that came ashore on the south\\nside with her masts in her, apjiarently uninjured. Two days pounding\\nstrewed the beach witli her timbers. A ship on the Shoals! is a sound\\nthat will quickcTi the pulses of men familiar with danger. I suppose the calam-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0364.jp2"}, "361": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET,\\n353\\nitous boom of a minute-gun has often roused the little fishing-hamlet to exer-\\ntions of which a few human lives were the guerdon. Heard amidst the accom-\\npaniments of tempest, gale, and the thunder of the breakers, it might well\\nthrill the listener with fear; or, if unheard, the lightning flashes would tell\\nthe watchers that wood and iron still held together, and that hope was not\\nyet extinct.\\nIt may be that the great Nantucket South Shoal, forty-five miles in breadth\\nby fifty in length, tends to the preservation of the island, for which it is a\\nbreakwater. The great extent of shallows on both sides of the island, with\\nthe known physical changes, would almost justify the belief that these sauvls\\nand this island once formed part of the main-land of New England.\\nMuch is claimed, doubtless with justice, for the salubrity of Siasconset air.\\nMany resort thither during the heats of midsummer, I found denizens of\\nNantucket who, it would seem, had enough of sea and shore at home, domes-\\nticated in some wee cottage. The season over, houses are shut up, and the\\nvillage goes into winter-quarters. The greensward, elevation above the sea,\\nand pure air are its credentials, I saw it on a sunny day, looking its best.\\nThe sand is coarse-grained and very soft. There is no beach on the island\\nfirm enough for driving, or even tolerable walking. The waves that came in\\nhere projected themselves fully forty feet up the escarpment of the bank that I\\nTHE SEA-BLUFF, SIASCONSET.\\n23", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0365.jp2"}, "362": {"fulltext": "354\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nhave spoken of. I recollect that, having chosen what I believed a safe position,\\nI was overtaken by a wave, and had to beat a hasty retreat. Bathing here is,\\non account of the under-tow and quicksands, attended with hazard, and ought\\nnot to be attempted except with the aid of ropes. Willis talks of the tenth\\nwave. I know about the third of the swell, for I have often watched it.\\nThe first and second are only forerunners of the nughty one. The dories\\ncome in on it. A breaker fell here every five seconds, by the watch.\\nWe returned by the foreland of Sankoty Head, on which a light-house\\nstands. From an eminence here the sea is visible on both sides of the island.\\nV\u00c2\u00bb hen built, this light was unsurpassed in brilliancy by any on the coast,\\nand was considered equal to the magnificent beacon of the Morro. Fisher-\\nmen called it the blazing star. Its flashes are very full, vivid, and striking,\\nand its position is one of great importance, as warning the mariner to steer\\nwide of the great Southern Shoal. Seven miles at sea the white flush takes a\\nreddish hue.\\nIIAlLINti A DOKY OVKK THE HILLS, NANTUCKET.\\nThe following aCtcrnoon T walkod across the island to the south shore at\\nSurfside, a distance of perhaps three miles or more. A south-west gale that\\nhad prevailed for twenty-four hours led me to expect an angry and tumultu-\\nous sea; nor was I disappointed: the broad expanse between shore and liori-\\n/-on was a confused mass of foam and broken water. It was a mournful sea:\\nnot a sail nor a living soul was iji siglit. A few sand-birds and plover piped\\nplaintively to the lioarse dia))ason of the billows.\\nHere I saw a sunset in a gale; the sun, as the sailors say, setting up", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0366.jp2"}, "363": {"fulltext": "NANTUCKET.\\n355\\nt/\\nLIGHT HOUSE, SANKOTT HEAD, NANTUCKET.\\nshrouds and backstays screened\\nfrom view by a mass of dark clouds, yet pouring\\ndown from beliind them through interstices upon\\ntlie bounds of the sea, the rays having somewhat\\nthe appearance of golden ropes arising from the\\nocean and converging to an unseen point.\\nI seated myself in one of the dories on the beach and gazed m v fill Say\\nwhat you will, there is a mighty fascination in the sea. Darknes s surprised\\nme before I had recrossed the lonely moor, and I held my way, guided by the\\naeep cart-ruts, until the lights of the town twinkled their welcome before me\\nIt was my last night on sea-girt Nantucket. I do not deny that I left it with\\nreluctance.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0367.jp2"}, "364": {"fulltext": ".^jMsi-\\nNEWPORT, FKOM FORT ADAMS.\\nCHAPTER XXn.\\nNEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\nThis castle hath a pleasant seat: the air\\nNimbly and sweetly recommends itself\\nUnto our gentle senses. Macbeth.\\nNEWPORT is an equivoque. It is old, and yet not; grave, though gay;\\nopulent and poor; splendid and mean; populous or deserted. As the\\nonly place in New England where those who flee from one city are content\\nto inhabit another, it is anomalous.\\nIn his Trois Mousquetaires Alexander Dumas makes his giant, Porthos,\\nencounter a ludicrous adventure. The guardsman is the complacent pos-\\nsessor of a magniticent golden sword-belt, the envy of his comrades, until on\\none unlucky day it is discovered that the half concealed beneath his cloak is\\nnothing but leather; whereupon some sword-thrusts occur. It was M. Bes-\\nmeaux^ afterward governor of the Bastile,who was the real hero of the sword-\\nbelt\u00e2\u0080\u0094 half gold, half leather\u00e2\u0080\u0094 that Dumas has hung on the shoulders of his\\no-igantic guardsman.\\nNewport s ocean side is belted with modern villas, costly, showy, and or-\\nnate. Tiiey mask the town in splendid succession, as if eacli liad been built\\nto surpass its neighbor. Tiiis is the Newport of to-day. Beliind it, old, graj^\\nand commonplace by comparison, is the Newport of other days. The ditfer-\\nence between the two is very marked. The old town is the effete body into\\nwiiich the new is infusing young blood, warming and invigorating it into new\\nlife. If the fisure were permissible, we should say tlie (Jueen of Aquidneck\\nhad drunk of the elixir of life, so unexampled is the rai)idity with wliicli she\\ntransfigures herself\\nI like Newi)ort because it is old, quaint, and peculiar. Though far from m-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0368.jp2"}, "365": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK. 35^\\nsensible to its difficult feats in architecture, I did not come to see fine Louses\\nTo me they embody nothing besides the idea of wealth and luxurious ease\\nMany of them are as remarkable for elegance as are others for ugliness of\\ndesign; yet I found it much the same as walking in Fifth Avenu^e or Bea-\\ncon Street. They are at first bewildering, then monotonous; or, as P.uskin\\nsays of types of form, mere form, You learn not to see them. You don t\\nlook at them.\\nI said Newport was commonplace, and I said it with mental reservation\\nIt has a matchless site, glorious bay, and delicious climate, that many have\\nbeen willing, perhaps a little too willing, to compare with Italy. If we have\\nm New England any phase of climate we may safely match with that favored\\nland, I frankly concede Newport possesses it. The Gulf Stream approaches\\nnear enough to temper in summer the harshness of sea-breezes, and the rio-or\\not cold northern winds in winter. The only faults I had to find with the\\nsummer and autumn aspects of Newport climate were the fogs and humidity\\not the nights. The pavements are frequently wet as if by lioht showers.\\nThis condition of the atmosphere is the plague of laundresses an cl hair-dress-\\ners at the great houses: the ringlets you see in Newport are natural.\\nWhen at the Isles of Shoals, we were a thin under-waistcoat warmer\\nthan on the main-land. Neal says it is a coat warmer in winter at Newport\\nthan at Boston. I remarked that evening promenaders in the streets there\\nwere more thinly clothed than would be considered prudent elsewhere. In\\nNewport, according to Neal, it would lose much point to say a man was with-\\nout a coat to his back. Mr. Cooper, in the Red Rover, calls attention to\\nthe magnificent harbor of Newport in the language of the practiced seaman.\\nIt fully meets all the requisites of easy approach, safe anchorage, and quiet\\nbasin. Isles and promontories, frowning Avith batteries, shield it from danger\\nor insult. The verdure of the shores is of the most brilliant green, and grows\\nquite to the water s edge, or to the verge of the clifis. In a calm day, when\\nthe water is ruffled only by light airs, the tints of sea and sky are scarcely\\ndifierent then the bay really looks like\\nUn pezzo di cielo caduto in terra.\\nIn approaching Newport from sea, after weathering much-dreaded Point\\nJudith, we shall fixU in with the light-vessel anchored off Brenton s Reef, the\\nextreme south-west point of the island of Rhode Island. At the same time\\nthe light-house on Beaver Tail flashes greeting, and we may now enter the\\nAt N*aples the summer temperature is seldom above 73\u00c2\u00b0 in winter it does not fall below 47\u00c2\u00b0.\\nPoint Judith is named from Judith Quincy, the wife of John Hull, coiner of the rare old pine-\\ntree shillings of 1652.\\nBeaver Tail is a peninsula at the southern extremity of Canonicut Island, so named from its\\nmarked resemblance, on the map, to the appendage of the beaver.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0369.jp2"}, "366": {"fulltext": "358\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ngfew-y\\nOLD FOKT, DUMPLIXG KUCKS.\\nport witli coniidence. Passing beside the Dumplings and the old round\\ntower, perched on a projecting and almost insulated rock, we steer under\\nthe walls of Fort Adams/ Sleepy fishing-boats, coming in with the morn-\\ning s flood, are sent, with\\nrattling blocks, and sails idly\\nflapjjing, reeling and rocking\\non big waves caused by the\\nmajestic onward march of\\nour great steamer the beat\\nof the paddles comes audibly\\nback from rocks washed for\\na moment by our attendant\\nwave. As we round the\\nfortress the bugles play. A\\nball goes quickly up to the\\nvery top of the flag -staff\\nthere is a flash, and a roar of tlie morning gun and when the smoke\\ndrifts slowly before the breeze, we see the dear old flag blowing out clear,\\nwith every stripe still there, and never a reproach in one of them. At our\\nright, and close inshore, is Lime Rock Light, with its associations of female\\nheroism.^ At the left is Goat Island, long and low, with Fort Wolcott and\\npleasant cottages for the officers of the torpedo station. Beyond, rising tier\\nabove tier, with the beautiful spire of Trinity Church in its midst, is New-\\nport.\\nNewport .lias been compared to the Lothians and to the Isle of Wight,\\nthe British Eden. By all old ti avelei s it was admitted to be the paradise\\nof New England. Its beautiful and extensive bay reminds Scotsmen of the\\nClyde. In fact, every traveled person at once estimates it with what has\\nliitherto impressed him most an involuntary but sure recognition of its\\ncharms.\\nPrevious to the Kevolution, Newport was the fourth commercial town in\\nthe colonics, once having more than nine thousand inhabitants. It was at\\nfirst tributary to Boston, sending its corn, pork, and tobacco to be exchanged\\nFort Adams is situated at the upper (northern) end of a point of land which helps to form the\\nharlior of Newport it also incloses a piece of water called IJicnton s Cove.\\nBy our American Grace Darling, Miss Ida Lewis.\\nGoat Island was the site of a colonial fortress. During the reign of King William, Colonel\\nIsomer advised the fortification of Kliode Island, which he says had never been done by reason\\nof tlie mean condition and refractoriness of the iiihahitants. In 174-t the fort on Goat Island\\ninonntcti twelve cannon. At the beginning of the lievolution General Lee, and afterwilrd Colonel\\nKnox, marked out defensive works but they do not a])pear to have been executed wlien the British,\\non the same day that Washington crossed tlie Delaware, took possession of tlie island. The Whigs,\\nin 177 removed the cannon from the batteries in the harbor. Major L Enfant, the engineer of\\nWest I oint, was the aiitiior of Fort Wolcott.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0370.jp2"}, "367": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK. 359\\nfor European goods. Its commercial recovery from the prostration ia which\\nthe old war left it was again arrested by that of 1812; and this time it did\\nnot rise again. The whale -fis^hery was introduced and abandoned: writers\\nof this period describe it as lifeless, with every mark of dilapidation and de-\\ncay. The salubrity of the climate of Newport had long been acknowledo-ed\\nand before 1820 it had become a place of resort for invalids from the South-\\nern States and the West Indies. This one original gift has ever since been\\nout at interest, until, Avhere a few acres of grass once flourished, you miHit\\ncover the ground with dollars before you became its owner.\\nAt Newport the visitor is challenged by past and present, each having\\nlarge claims on his attention. I spent much of my time among old houses,\\nmoiuiments, and churches. Some of these are in public places and are easily\\nfound, wliile others are hidden away in forgotten corners, or screened from\\nobservation by the walls of intervening buildings. As is inevitable in such a\\nplace, the visitor will unwittingly pass by many objects that he will be cu-\\nrious to see, and in retracing his footsteps will have occasion to remark how\\nmuch a scrap of history or tradition adds to the charm of an otherwise unin-\\nteresting structure.\\nThe town along the water resembles Salem, except that it has neither its\\nlook of antiquity nor its dilapidation. Here the principal thoroughfare is\\nThames Street, long, narrow, and almost wholly built of wood. The narrow-\\nness of Thames Street has been I eferred to the encroachments of builders of\\na former time, the old houses standing at some distance back from the pave-\\nment being pointed to as evidence of the fact. I can only vouch for glimpses\\nof some very habitable and inviting old residences in back courts and alleys\\nopening upon the street. Here, too, old gambrel-roofed houses are plenty as\\nblackberries in August. They have a portly, aldermanic look, with great\\nbreadth of beam, like ships of their day. When these houses that now stand\\nend to the street had pleasant garden spots between, a walk here would have\\nbeen worth the taking. Wlien there were no sidewalks, it meant something\\nto give the wall to your neighbor, and tact and breeding were requisite to\\nknow wlien to demand and when to decline it.\\nIn Thames Street are several imperturbable notables in brick or wood.\\nThe City Hall for as early as 1784 Newport had reached the dignity of a\\ncity is usually first encountered. Notwithstanding they tell you it was one\\nThere should be added to the detail of maps given in the initial chapter tiiat of Jerome Ver-\\nlazani, in the College de Propaganda Fide, at Rome, of the supposed date of 1529. This map is\\ndescribed and discussed, together with the detail of Giovanni Verrazani s letter to Francis I.,\\nilated at Dieppe, July 8th, 1524, in Verrazano, the Navigator, by J. C. Brevoort. A reduced\\ncopy of the map or Planisphere is there given. The author adopts the tlieory, not without\\nplausibility, that Verrazani passed fifteen days at anchor in Narraganset Bay. As I have before\\nsaid, there is something of fact in these early relations; but if tested by tlie only exact marks given\\n(latitude, distances, and courses), they establish notiiiiig.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0371.jp2"}, "368": {"fulltext": "360\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nof Peter Harrison s buildings, it is very ordinary-looking, inside and out. It\\nwas built on arches, which indicates the lower floor to have been intended as\\na public promenade; and shows that the architect had the Old Royal Ex-\\nchange in mind. For some time it was nsed as a market. This house came\\ninto the little world of Newport in 1VG3. A word of admiration from All-\\nston has long been treasured.\\nIn this building I saw hanging the escutcheon of William Coddington,\\nwho, as every body at all familiar with the history of Rhode Island knows,\\nwas one of the founders of Newport, and first governor of the little body pol-\\nitic organized upon the Isle of Aquidneck.\\nOLD-TIME HOUSES.\\nWe have decided to cast a glance backward, and, to know our ground,\\nmust pay our duty to this old founder. William Coddington, Esquire, came\\nto New England in 1030 with the Roston colonists, as one of the assistants\\nnamed in their charter. He was several times rechoscn to this important po-\\nsition, became a leading merchant in Roston, and is said to liave built the\\nfirst brick house there.^ The house he afterward built and lived in at New-\\nport, of the quaint old English pattern, was standing within the recollection\\nof many older inhabitants.\\nMr. Coddington became involved in the Anne Hutchinson controversy, as\\ndid Wheelwright, the founder of Exeter. J\\\\rrs. Hutchinson was banished, and\\ntook refuge with Coddington and others on Rhode Island. In the presence\\nITarrison, the first arcliitect of his day in New Engliind, was the autlior of many of the older\\npnblic biiiidin;j;s in Ncwjiort, Trinity Cimrcli and Redwood Library among others. lie also designed\\nKing s liai)el, Hoston, and did wliat he roidd to drag art Iutecture ont of tiie mire of Pnritan ugli-\\nness and neglect.\\nHe owned, besides his house and garden in IJoston, lands at Mount Wollaston, now Quincy,\\nMassachusetts. Coddington is mentioned in Samuel Fuller s letter to Bradford, June, 1C30.\\nMrs. Cottington is dead, he also says.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0372.jp2"}, "369": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n361\\nof Governor Winthrop and of Dudley, his deputy of the assistants, among\\nwhom were Endicott, Bradstreet, and Stoughton confronted by the foremost\\nand hardest-shell-\\ned ministers in -=^sS^^s:r- vV-\\nthe colony, such\\nas Hugh Peters,\\nEliot, and Wil-\\nson, this wom-\\nan defended her-\\nself, almost single-\\nhanded and with\\nconsummate ad-\\ndress, against a\\ncourt which had\\nalready prejudg-\\ned her case, and\\nwhich stubbornly\\nrefused, until the\\nvery last stage of\\nthe proceedings,\\nto put the wit-\\nnesses upon oath.\\nAs a specimen of\\nthe way in which\\njustice was administered in the early day, and of judicial procedure, this\\ntrial is exceedingly curious. Here is a specimen of brow-beating that re-\\ncalls Oliver Twist\\nDeputy-governor. Let her witnesses be called.\\nGovernor. Who be they?\\nMrs. Hutchinson. Mr. Leveret, and our teacher, and jNFr. Coggeshall,\\nGovernor. Mr. Coggeshall was not present.\\nMr. Coggeshall. Yes, but I was, only I desired to be silent until I was\\ncalled.\\nGovernor. Will you, Mr. Coggeshall, say that she did not say so?\\nMr. Coggeshall. Yes, I dare say that she did not say all that which they\\nlay against her.\\n3Ir. Peters. How dare you look into the court to say such a word\\nMr. Coggeshall. Mr. Peters takes upon him to forbid me. I shall be silent.\\nAs the o-overnor was about to pass sentence, Mr. Coddington arose and\\nspoke some manly words\\nRESIDENCE OP GOVERNOR CODDINGTON, NEWPORT, 1641.\\nIt may be found at length in Hutchinson, appendix, vol. ii. Governor Hiiteliinson was a rel-\\native of the schismatic Anne.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0373.jp2"}, "370": {"fulltext": "362 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nMr. Cocldington. I do think that you are going to censure, therefore I\\ndesire to speak a word.\\nGovernor. I pray you speak.\\nMr. Coddington. There is one thing ohjected against the meetings. What\\nif she designed to edify her own family in her own meetings, may none else\\nbe present\\nGovernor. If you have nothing else to say but that, it is a pity, Mr. Cod-\\ndington, that you should interrupt us in proceeding to censure.\\nDespite this reproof, Mr. Coddington had his say, and one of the assistants\\n(Stoughton) insisting, the ministers were compelled to repeat their testimony\\nunder oath which they did after much parleying and with evident reluc-\\ntance. It is curious to observe that in this trial the by-standers were several\\ntimes appealed to for an expression of opinion on some knotty question. Had\\nit not involved the liberty and fortunes of many more than the Hutchinsons,\\nits ludicrous side would scarcely have been surpassed by the celebrated cause\\nof Bardell vs. Pickwick.\\nThere is something inexpressibly touching in the decay of an old and hon-\\norable name in the struggle between grinding poverty and hereditary lani-\\nily pride. Instead of finding the Coddingtons, as might be expected, among\\nthe princes of Newport, a native of the place would only shake his head when\\nquestioned of them.\\nTouching the northern limits of Newport is a placid little basin called\\nCoddington s Cove. It is a remembrancer of the old governor. The last Cod-\\ndington inherited an ample estate, upon the ]iiincipal of which, like Heine s\\nmonkey, who boiled and ate his own tail, he lived, until there was no more\\nleft. The Cossacks have a proverb He eats both ends of his candle at\\nonce. Having dissipated his ancestral patrimony to the last fai thing, the\\nthriftless and degenerate Coddington descended all the steps froni shabby\\ngentility to actual destitution yet, through all these reverses, he maintained\\nthe bearing of a fine gentleman. One day he was offered a new suit of clothes\\nhis own had the threadbare gloss of long application of the bi-ush for tlie\\nCoddington escutcheon that had descended to him. Drawing himself up with\\nthe old look and air, he indignantly exclaimed, What, sell the coat of arms\\nof a Coddington Nevertheless, he at last became an inmate of the poor-\\nhouse at Coddington s Cove; and that is the way the family escutcheon came\\nto be hanging in the City Hall. I tell you Ihe slory as it was told to me.\\nThe Wanton House, still ])ointed out in Thames Street, may be known by\\nits ornamented cornice and general air of su])erior condition. It stands witliin\\na stone s-throw of the City Hall. Tlie Wanioiis, like the Malbones, Godfreys,\\nBrentons, Wickhams, Cranstons, and other high-sounding Newport names,\\nThis was called an np])e!\u00c2\u00bbl to the country. A judge would luudly, at the present day, permit\\nsuch an expression in toiirt.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0374.jp2"}, "371": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n363\\nwere merchants. Like the Wentworths of New Hampshire, this was a family,\\nI might ahnost say a dynasty, of governors. When one Wanton went out,\\nanother came in. It was the house of Wanton, governing, with few intervals,\\nfrom 1732, until swept from place by the Revolution. As the king never dies,\\nat the exit of a Wanton the sheiitf should have announced, The governor is\\ndead. Long live the governor\\nJoseph Wanton, the last governor of Rhode Island under the crown, was\\nthe son of William. He was a Harvard man, amiable, wealthy, of elegant\\nmanners, and handsome person. In the description of his outward appearance\\nwe are told that he wore a large white wig with three curls, one falling\\ndown his back, and one forward on each shoulder. I have nowhere met with\\nan earlier claimant of the fashion so recently in vogue among young ladies\\nwho had hearts to lose.\\nTurning out of narrow and noisy Thames Street into the broader and\\nquieter avenues ascending the hill, we\\nfind ourselves on the Parade before the ^v v.\\nState-house. Broad Street, which en- ^_^\\nters it on one side, was the old Boston\\nhigh-road Touro Street, debouching at\\nthe other, loses its identity ere long in\\nBellevue Avenue, and is, beyond com-\\nparison, the pleasantest walk in New-\\nport.\\nThe Parade, also called Washington\\nSquare, is the delta into which the main\\navenues of Newport flow. It is, there-\\nfore, admirably calculated as a starting-\\npoint for those street rambles that every\\nvisitor has enjoyed in anticipation. On\\nthis ground I saw some companies of\\nthe New^port Artillery going through their evolutions with the steadiness of\\nold soldiers. Their organization goes back to 1741, and is maintained with an\\nesprit de corps that a people not long since engaged in war ought to know\\nhow to estimate at its true value. A custom of the corps, as I have heard,\\nwas to fire feu de joie under the Avindows of a newly married comrade;\\nif a commissioned ofllicer, a field-piece.\\nAt the right of the Parade, and a little above the hotel of his name, stands\\nthe house purchased by Commodore Perry after the battle of Lake Erie in\\nNEWPORT STATE-HOUSE.\\nWilliam Wanton, 1732 to 1734 John Wanton, 1734 to 1741 Gideon Wanton, 1745 to 1746,\\nand from 1747 to 1748 Josepli Wanton, from 17G J to 1775. The hist named left Newport with\\nthe British, in 1780, and died in New York. His son Joseph, junior, commanded the regiment\\nof loyalists raised on the island.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0375.jp2"}, "372": {"fulltext": "364\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nCOMMODORE I EKKV\\nClarke Street, near-by, is the church in which Dr. Stiles, afterward president\\nof Yale, preached, built in 1733; and next beyond is the gun-house of the\\nNewport Artillery.\\nThe State-house is a pleasing, though not imposing, building, known to\\nall evening promenaders in\\nNewport by the illuminated\\nclock in the pediment of the\\nfa9ade. It is in the style\\nof colonial architecture of\\nthe middle of the last centu-\\nry, having two stories, with\\na wooden balustrade sur-\\nmounting the roof. The\\npediment of the front is\\ntopped by a cupola, and\\nunderneath is a balcony,\\nfrom which proclamations,\\nwith God save the king\\nat the end of them, have\\nbeen read to assembled colonists; as in these latter days, on the last Tues-\\nday of May, which is the annual election in Rhode Island, after a good deal\\nof parading about the streets, the officials elect are here introduced by the\\nhigh sheriff with a flourish of words Hear ye Take notice that his\\nExcellency, Governor of Dashville, is elected governor, commander-\\nin-chief, and captain -general of Rhode Island for the year ensuing. God\\nsave the State of Rhode Inland, and Providence Plantations The candi-\\ndate smiles, bows, and withdraws, and the populace, as in duty bound, cheers\\nitself hoarse. It loves the old forms, though some of them seem cumbrous\\nfor Little Rhbdy. Sometimes a slieriif has been known to get his formula\\nout of joint, and to tack the words for the year ensuing at the end of\\nthe invocation.\\nDuring the Revolution the State-house was used as a hospital by British\\nand French, and of course much abused. In the restoration some little savor\\nof its ancient quaintness is missed. The interior has paneled wainscoting,\\ncarved balusters, and wood-work in the old style of elegance. The walls of\\nthe Senate chamber are sheatlied quite up to the ceiling, in beautiful panel-\\ning, relieved by a massive coi-nice. Stuart s full-length portrait of Washing-\\nton, in the well-known black velvet and ruffles, is here. I have somewhere\\nseen tliat tlie French desecrated, as some would say, tlie building by rais-\\ning an altar on which to say mass for the sick and dying. In the garret I\\nsaw a section of the old pillory tliat formerly stood in the vacant space be-\\nfore the building. Many think the restoration of stocks, whipping-post, and\\npillory Avould do more to-day to suj)press petty crimes than months of im-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0376.jp2"}, "373": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n365\\nprisonment. They still cling in Delaware to their whipping-post. There,\\nthey assert, the dread of public exposure tends to lessen crime.\\nThe pillory, which a few living persons remember, was usually on a mov-\\nable platform, which the sheriff could turn at pleasure, making the culprit\\nfront the different points of the compass it was the custom to insert in the\\nsentence. Whipping at the cart s tail was also practiced.\\nOne of the finest old charactei s Rhode Island has produced was Tristram\\nBurgess, who administered to that dried-up bundle of malignity, John Ran-\\ndolph, a rebuke so scathing that the Virginian was for the time coiupletely\\nsilenced. Having roused the Rhode Islander by his Satanic sneering at\\nNorthern character and thrift, his merciless criticism, and incomparably bit-\\nter sarcasm. Burgess dealt him this sentence on tlie floor of Congress Moral\\nmonsters can not propagate; we rejoice that the father of lies can never be-\\ncome the father of liars.\\nIt was at first intended to place the State-house with its front toward\\nwhat was then known as the swamp, in the direction of Farewell Street.\\nIn 1743 it was completed. Rhode Isl-\\nand may with advantage follow the\\nlead of Connecticut in abolishing one\\nof its seats of government. At present\\nits constitution provides that the As-\\nsembly shall meet and organize at New-\\nport, and hold an adjourned session at\\nProvidence.\\nWalking onward and upward in\\nTouro Street, the visitor sees at its\\njunction with Kay Street what he\\nmight easily mistake for a pretty and\\nand well tended garden, but for the\\nmortuary emblems sculptured on the\\ngate-way. The chaste and beautiful\\ndesign of this portal, even to the inverted flambeaux, is a counterpart of that\\nof the Old Granary ground at Boston. This is the Jewish Cemetery.\\nHow strange it seems These Hebrews in their graves,\\nClose by the street of this fair sea-port town.\\nSilent beside the never-silent waves,\\nAt rest in all this moving up and down!\\nAnd these sepulchral stones, so old and brown,\\nThat pave with level flags their burial-place,\\nSeem like the tablets of the Law, thrown down\\nAnd broken bv Moses at the mountain s base.\\nJEWISH CEMETEKT.\\nOne of the most curious chapters of Rhode Island s political history was the Dorr Rebell-\\nion of 1842, growing out of a partial and limited franchise under the old charter.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0377.jp2"}, "374": {"fulltext": "366\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nClose at liaiid is the synagogue, in which services are no longer held,\\nthough, like the cemetery, it is scrupulously cared for/ The silence and\\nmystery which brood over each are\\ndeepened by tliis reverent guardian-\\nship of unseen hands. In 1762 the\\nsynagogue was dedicated with the so-\\nlemnities of Jewish religious usage.\\nIt was then distinguished as the best\\nbuilding of its kind in the country.\\nTlie interior was rich and elegant.\\nOver the reading-desk hung a large\\nbrass chandelier; in the centre, and at\\nproper distances around it, four others.\\nOn the front of the desk stood a pair of\\nhighly ornamented brass candlesticks,\\nand at the entrance on the east side\\nAvere four others of the same size and\\nworkmanship. As usual, there was for\\nthe women a gallery, screened with\\ncarved net-work, resting on columns.\\nOver this gallery another rank of col-\\numns supported the roof. It was the\\ncommonly received opinion that the\\nlamp lianging above the altar was\\nnever extinguished.\\nThe Hebrews began to settle on the island before 1677. The deed of their\\nancient burial-place is dated in this year. They first worshiped in a private\\nhouse. Accessions came to them from Spain, from Portugal, and from Hol-\\nland, with such names as Lopez, Riveriera, Seixas, and Touro, until tlie con-\\ngregation numbered as many as throe hundred lamilies. The stranger be-\\ncomes familiar with the name of Touro, wliich at first he would have Truro,\\nfrom the street and park, no less than the respect with which it is pronounced\\nby all old residents. Tlie Hebrews of old Newport seem to have fulfilled the\\ndestiny of their race, becoming scattered, and liiiully extinct. Moses Lopez\\nis said to have been the last resident Jew, though, unless I mistake, the He-\\nbrew ])hysiognomy met me more than once in Newport. Tliis fraction\\nformed one of the curious constituents of Newport society. Its history is\\nended, and 7^// w might be written above the entrances of synagogue and\\ncemetery.\\nLord Chesterfield once told Lady Shirley, in a serious conversation on the\\nevidences of Christianity, that there was one which he tliought to be invin-\\nJEWS SYNAGOGUE, NEWPORT.\\nA fund lieiiucatlicd In- Abniham Tomo, who died in Boston in 1822, secures this object.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0378.jp2"}, "375": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n367\\ncible, namely, the present state of the Jews a fact to be accounted for on no\\nhuman principle. The Hebrew customs have remained inviolate amidst all\\nthe strange mutations which time has\\nbrought. The Sabbath by which Shy-\\nlock registered his wicked oath is still\\nthe Christian s Saturday. In the Jew-\\nish burial rite the grave was filled in\\nby the nearest of kin.\\nIn no other cemetery in New En-\\ngland have I been so impressed with\\nthe sanctit} the inviolability of the\\nlast resting-place of the dead, as here\\namong the graves of a despised people.\\nThe idea of eternal rest seemed really\\npresent. Not long since I heard the\\npeople of a thriving suburb discussing\\nthe removal of their old burial-place,\\nbodily I mean no play upon the word\\nto the skirts of the town. Being\\ndone, it was thought the land would\\npay for the removal, and prove a prof-\\nitable speculation. Since Abraham\\ngave four hundred shekels of silver for\\nthe fic4d of Ephron, the Israelites have\\nreverenced the sepulchres wherein they\\nbury their dead. Here is religion without ostentation, _\\nleums is plenty of ostentation, but little religion.\\nThe visitor here maj note another distinctive custom of this ancient peo-\\nple. The inscription above the gate reads, Erected 5G03, from a bequest\\nmade by Abraham Touro. They compute the passage of time from the\\ncreation.\\nAn hour, or many hours, may be well spent in the Redwood Library, found-\\ned by Abraham Redwood,^ one of the Quaker magnates of old Newport.\\nJUDAH TOURO.\\nIn our oreat mauso-\\nJiulah Touio, the philanthropist, was born Iiere in Newport, in 1775, the year of American\\nrevolt. Ilis father, the old rabbi, Isaac, came from Holland, officiating as preacher in 17G2 in\\nNewport. When still a young man, Judah Touro removed to New Orleans, where he acquired a\\nfortune. He was a volunteer in the battle of 1815, and was wounded by a cannon-ball in the hip.\\nThough a Jew, Judah Touro was above sect, generously contributing to Christian church enter-\\nprises. Bunker Hill Monument, toward which he gave ten thousand dollars, is a memorial of his\\npatriotic liberality.\\nIt was incorporated 1747 the same year Mr. Kedwood gave five hundred pounds sterling, in\\nbooks, or about thirteen hundred volumes. The lot was the gift of Henry Collins, in 17-18 build-\\ning erected 1748- 50; enlarged in 1758; and now (1875) a new building is erecting. Abraham", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0379.jp2"}, "376": {"fulltext": "368\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nHis fiue and kindly face has been carefully reproduced in the engraving. The\\nlibrary building is in the pure yet severe style of a Greek temple. The\\npainter Stuart considered it classical and refined. It has a cool and secluded\\nlook, standing back from the street and shaded by trees, that is inviting to\\nthe appreciative\\ni ^tt*^.^ _,-t?fe*?_. visitor. This is\\none of the insti-\\ntutions of New-\\nport which all\\nmay praise with-\\nout stint. It has\\ngrown with its\\ngrowth yet, after\\nrepeated enlarge-\\nments, the in-\\ncreased collections\\nin art and litera-\\nture of this store-\\nhouse of thought\\nhave demanded\\ngreater space.\\nAnother bene-\\nfactor worthy to\\nbe ranked with\\nAbraham Red-\\nwood was Charles Bird King, Avhose portrait is hanging in the hall. At his\\ndeath he made a munificent becljuest of real estate, yielding nine thousand\\ndollars, his valuable library, engravings, and more than two hundred of the\\npaintings which now adorn the walls.\\nAmong other ])ortraits here are those of Bishop Berkeley in canonicals,\\nand of Governor Joseph Wanton, in scarlet coat and periwig, liis face looking\\nas if he and good living were no strangers to each other; of William Cod-\\ndington, and of a long catalogue of soldiers and statesmen, many being copies\\nby Mr. King. The library suftered from pilfering during the British occupa-\\ntion it now numbers something in excess of twenty thousand volumes.*\\nI admit the first object in Newport I went to see was the Old Stone IMill.\\nI went directly to it, and should not venture to conduct the reader by any\\nroute that did not lead to it. I returned often, and could only wonder at\\nTHE REDWOOD LIBRARY.\\nliedwood was a native of Anti{;iia. 1hmi tlu lilnarv sent its committee to Stuart, with a com-\\nmission to paint a fiiU-lengtii portrait ul Mr. licdwood, Stuart refused, for reasons of his own, to\\nexecute it.\\nDr. Ezra Stiles was librarian for twentv vcars.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0380.jp2"}, "377": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n369\\nthe seeming inclifFerence of people constantly passing, but never looking\\nat it.\\nThe Old Stone Mill stands within the pleasant inclosure of Touro Park, a\\nplace as fitting as any in Newport for the beginning of a sentimental jour-\\nney. It is a pretty sight on a summer s evening, this green spot, dotted with\\nmoving figures sauntering up and down under the grim shadow of this pic-\\nturesque ruin.* By moonlight it is superb.\\nNo structure in America is probably so familiar to the great mass of the\\npeople as this ruined mill. The frequency of pictorial representation has\\nfixed its general form and character until there is probably not a school-boj\\nin his teens who would not be able to\\nmake a rude sketch of it on the black-\\nboard. For years it has been the\\ntoughest historical j! \u00c2\u00abece de resistance\\nour antiquaries have had to deal with,\\nand by many it was supposed to em-\\nbody a secret as impenetrable as that\\nof Stonehenge.\\nThe Old Mill was dozing quietly\\naway on this hill, when, in 1836, the So-\\nciety of Northern Antiquaries, of\\npenhagen, declared it to be evidence I\\nthe discovery and occupation of N(\\nport by Northmen, in the eleventh c\\ntury. An historical chain was imi\\ndiately sought to be established 1\\ntween Dighton Rock, an exhumed si 1\\neton at Fall River, and this tower, I\\nwhich the inscription at IVIonhegan I\\nand was believed to be another linl^\\nCommon opinion, prior to the dec-\\nlaration of the Danish antiquaries, was\\nthat the tower was the remains of a windmill, and nothing more. In a gaz-\\netteer of Rhode Island, printed in 1819, is the following paragraph: In this\\ntown (Newport) there is now standing an ancient stone mill, the erection of\\nwhich is beyond the date of its earliest records; but it is supposed to have\\nbeen erected by the first settlers, about one hundred and eighty years ago.\\nIt is an interesting monument of antiquity.\\nThe discovery of any portion of the coast of New England by Northmen belongs to the realms\\nof conjecture. It is not unreasonable to suppose that they may have follen in with the continent\\nbut what should have brought them so far south as Rhode Island, when Nova Scotia must have ap-\\npeared to their eyes a paradise The vine grows there. Champlain called Richmond s Island Isle\\nde Bacchus, on account of its grapes.\\n24\\nABRAHAM REDWOOD.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0381.jp2"}, "378": {"fulltext": "370\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nAbout this time Timothy Dwight, formerly president of Yale, was in\\nNewport. In his letters, published in 1822, he has something to say of the\\n__^ Old Stone Mill:\\nOn a skirt of\\nthis town is the\\nfoundation of a\\nwindmill erected\\nsome time in tlie\\nseventeenth cen-\\ntury. The ce-\\nment of this\\nwork, formed of\\nshell -lime and\\nbeach gravel, has\\nall the firmness\\nof Roman mortar,\\nand Avhen bro-\\nken off frequent-\\nly brings with it\\n))art of the stone.\\nTime has made no\\nimpression on it,\\n3 except to increase\\nits firmness. It\\nwould be an im-\\nprovement in the\\nart of building in\\nthis country, if\\nmortar made in\\nthe same maimer\\nwere to be gener-\\nally em])loyed.\\nAll readers of early New England history know that notliing was too\\ntrivial, in the opinion of those old chroniclers, to be recorded. Wiuthrop\\nmentions the digging-up of a Frencli coin at Dorchester in 1043. It is per-\\ntinent to inquire why Roger Williams, Hubbard, Mather, the antiquai y, and\\ncorrespondent of the Royal Society, Prince, Ilutohinson, and otliors, have\\nwholly ignored the i)resence of an old ruin antedating the Englisli occupation\\nof Rhode Island? Would not anonicus have led the white men to the spot,\\nand there recounted the traditions of his ])ooi)le No spot of ground in New\\n]in land has had more learned and observing annalists. Where were Bishop\\nTHE OLD STONE MILL.\\nTravels in New Enj^lniul iiml New York: New Iliiven, 1822, vol. iii., p. 5G.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0382.jp2"}, "379": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT OF AQUIDNECK.\\n371\\nBerkeley, Rocliambeau, Cliastellux, Lauzun, Abbe Robin, Segur, Dumas, and\\nDeux Fonts, that they make no mention, in their writings or memoirs, of\\nthe remarkable archaeological remains at Newport Yet, on the report of\\nthe Danish Society, nearly or quite all our American historians have admitted\\ntheir theory of the origin of the Old Stone Mill to their pages. With this\\nleading, and the ready credence the\\nmarvelous always obtains, the public\\nrested satisfied/\\nThe windmill was an object of the\\nfirst necessity to the settlers. More of\\nthem may be seen on Rhode Island to-\\nday than in all the rest of New En-\\ngland. That this mill should have been\\nbuilt of stone is in no way surprising,\\nconsidering that the surface of the\\nground must have been bestrewed with\\nstones of proper size and shape ready\\nto the builders hands.* I saw these\\nflat stones of which the tower is built ^^^rn\\nturned up by the plowshare in the |||j],\\nroads. Throughout the island the walls It\\nare composed of them.^\\nThe cut on the preceding page rep-\\nresents the Old Stone Mill, with the\\nmoon s radiance illuminating its arches.\\nIt is a cylindrical tower, resting on eight\\nrude columns, also circular. The arches have no proper key-stone,* and two\\nof them appear broader than the others, as if designed for the entrance of\\nsome kind of vehicle. One column is so placed as to show an inner projec-\\ntion, an evident fault of workmanship. Two stages are also apparent, and\\nTHE rEHKY MONUMENT.\\nAmong the records of Newport was found one of 1740, in which Edward Pelham beqneatlied\\nto his daugliter eight acres of land, witli an Old Stone Wind Mill thereon standing and being,\\nand commonly called and known as the Mill Field. The lane now called Mill Street appears to\\nhave been so named from its conducting up the hill to the mill. Tlie wife of Pelham was grand-\\ndaughter of Governor Benedict Arnold. In the governor s will, dated in 1677, he gives direction\\nfor his burial in a piece of ground being and Ij ing in my land in or near y ^line or path from my\\ndwelling-house, leading to my stone-built Wind Mill in y* town of Newport above mentioned.\\nI incline to the opinion that the Indians had here, as at Plymouth, cleared a considerable area.\\nThere the cai-penters had to go an eighth of a mile for timber suitable for building.\\n\\\\yithin five miles of Boston is standing an ancient stone windmill, erected about 1710. It\\nhad been so long used as a powder-magazine that no tradition remained in the neighborhood that\\nit had ever been a windmill. They still call it the Old Powder-house.\\nThe keys are compound, and, though rude, are tolerably defined. No two are alike they are\\ngenerally of a hard gray stone, instead of the slate used in the structure.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0383.jp2"}, "380": {"fulltext": "372 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthere are two windows and a fire-place. On the inside the haunches are\\ncut to receive the timbers of the first-floor, just at the turn of tlie arch.\\nSome cement is still seen adhering to the interior walls. The whole tower I\\nestimated to be twenty-five feet high, with an inside diameter of twenty feet.\\nThis was probably nearly or quite its original height. For the rude mate-\\nrials, it is a remarkable specimen of masonry.\\nI could see that even some of the best-informed Newporters with whom I\\ntalked were reluctant to let go the traditional antiquity of their Old Stone\\nMill. It is more interesting when tinged with the romance of Xorse vikings\\nthan as the prosaic handiwork of English colonists, who had corn to grind,\\nthough American antiquaries have ceased to attribute to it any other origin.\\nI confess to a feeling of remorse in aiding to destroy the illusion which has so\\nlong made the Old Mill a tower of strength to Newport. Its beauty, when\\nseen draped in ivy and woodbine, clustering so thickly as to screen its gray\\nwalls from view, is at least not apocryphal.\\nThis building may have been mentioned by Church in his account of Philip s War, when, after\\nsome display of aversion on the part of a certain captain to a dangerous enterprise, he was advised\\nby tlie Indian fighter to lead his men to the windmill on Rhode Island, where they would be out\\nof danger.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0384.jp2"}, "381": {"fulltext": "BOAT LANDING.\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nPICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\nDon t you see the silvery wave\\nDon t you hear the voice of God\\nKiRKE White.\\nnpHERE is a w alk of singular beauty along the sea-bluffs that terminate\\nthe reverse of the hills on which Newport is built. It is known as the\\nCliff Walk. Every body walks tliere. A broken wall of rock overhanging or\\nretreating from its base, but always rising high above the water, is bor-\\ndered by a foot-path with pleasant windings and elastic turf. The face of the\\ncliff is studded with stony pimples; its formation being the conglomerate, or\\npudding-stone, intei-mingled with schists. Color excepted, these rocks really\\nlook like the artificial cement used in laying the foundations of ponderous\\nstructures. They appear to resist the action of the sea with less power than\\nthe granite of the north coast. Masses of fallen rock are grouped along the\\nbeach underneath the cliff, around which the rising waves seethe and foam\\nand hiss.\\nA persistent pedestrian, having reached the shore at Easton s Beach, may\\npass around the southern limb of the island to Fort Adams. He may then\\nmake his way back to town by the Fort Road, or take the little ferry-boat\\nplying between Newport and Jamestown, on Canonicut. This ramble has\\nbeen much, yet not undeservingly, praised.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0385.jp2"}, "382": {"fulltext": "lU\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nMy first walk here was on one of those rare October days that are to the\\nNew England climate what the bloom is to the peach. The air, after the sun\\nhad swept aside the vapors arising from the ocean, was intoxicating it was\\nso light and crystal, it seemed as if it might put new life into the most con-\\nfirmed valetudinarian. On one side the sea glittered like silvery scales on\\nfine armor. The intruding promontories of Sachuest and Seconnet bathed\\ntheir feet in tranquil waves and as the eye roved along the horizon it lodged\\nan instant on the island known as Cormorant Rock, betrayed by the whiten-\\ning foam around it. In the farthest sea-board a dark cloud of brooding vapor\\nprolonged the land in seeming, and veiled the approach of ships.\\nTHE BEACU.\\nAlong the verge of the clift where I walked the dash of the surf frequent-\\nly tossed^a showe^of fine spray as high as the shelf itself, drenching the grass,\\nand immeshing for an instant among its myriad drops the fieeting hues of the\\nrainbow. The rocks had a prevailing purple mass of color, fringed at the\\nedge with green grass, that sometimes crept down the face of the clifi and\\ntoyed with its wrinkles.\\nThese rocks, constantly varnished by sea-s]iray, s])arkle with glancing\\nlights that relieve the hanlness of their angular lineanKMils. As you walk\\non, they are always presenting new n)fiU\u00c2\u00abs of grotesque refiemblances. let\\nnot a sphinx of them all would tell how long the sea had been battering at\\ntheir rutrged features, or of the fire that had baked their tooth-defying pud-\\nfli\u00e2\u0080\u009eg_Oia Ocean s daily repast. Now and then, when standing on the brink\\nof Tome table-rock, the i)lunge of a billow underneath caused a sensible tre-\\nmor. At various points the descent of the cliiVs is facilitated by steps, and at\\nproper stages of the tide the outlying rocks are the favorite resort of anglers\\nfor tautog bass, and percli. The Forty Steps are of note as conducting to\\nConrad s Cave, a favorite liaunt of lovers who have heart secrets they may no", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0386.jp2"}, "383": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\no.v\\nlonger keep. The ways of such people\\nare past finding out. At Niagara vows\\nare whispered at the brink of tlie cat-\\naract. Perchance there is a savor of\\nromance about these old sea caverns\\nwhich plain matter-of-fact folk may\\nnot fathom.\\nTurning away from the sea, the\\nrambler perceives the long line of cot-\\ntages, villas, and country houses, Swiss,\\nItalian, English, or nondescript, to which\\nthese territories pertain, These houses\\nI epresent the best and at the same time\\nthe most rational feature of a semi-res-\\nidence at the sea-side. People are real-\\nly at home, and may enjoy the natural\\nbeauties of their situation without the\\ndisadvantages inseparable from hotel\\nlife. To be sure, at Newport it is only\\nMurray Hill or Beacon Hill transplant-\\ned. The social system revolves with\\nmuch the same regularity as the plan-\\netary, and with no abatement of its\\nexclusive privileges. But home life or\\ncottage life at the sea-side is within\\nthe means of all those possessing mod-\\nerate incomes, who are content to dis-\\npense with luxury or nrore house-room than they\\nknow what to do with and it is remarkable how\\nlittle may serve one s turn where outdoor life is the\\ndesideratum. Those who are content to leave all the\\nsurplusage at home, whether of frivolity or luiijgaoe,\\nand honestly mean to enjoy the shore for it ^elf, come\\nwhere they may forget the world, the fle ^h, and money-get-\\nting. To this sort of life a hint borrowed of English sea-\\nside customs Newport has led the way. At Oak Bluffs a\\ncity has sprung into existence on this plan, and the shores\\nof J^ew England are dotted with little red-roofed cottages.\\nIf he has come to the cliffs by the Bath road, the visitor\\nsees, almost at the beginning of his ramble, the summer cot-\\ntage of Charlotte Cushman, whose career has some resem-\\nblance to that of the gifted Mrs. Siddons. Both were poor\\n1\\nCLIFF WALK.\\nMany of these so-called cottages cost from |r 0,000 to #200,000. For the season, $2000 is-\\nconsidered a moderate rental, and f 5000 is frequently paid.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0387.jp2"}, "384": {"fulltext": "376\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ngirls at the outset of their professional lives. The Englishwoman, even after\\nshe became famous, usually refused invitations to the houses of the great or\\nopulent, excusing herself from accepting them on the ground that all her\\ntime was due to the public, whose continued favor she wished to merit by\\nunremitting application to her studies.\\nWhatever money or taste or art has been able to do toward the em-\\nbellishment of the\\ngrounds along the\\ncliffs and in this\\ncategory are in-\\ncluded Bellevue\\nand other favor-\\ned avenues has\\nnot been omitted.\\nA horticulturist\\nwould see some-\\nthing to notice\\neverywhere. As\\nthe houses stand\\nwell back from\\nthe shore, the\\nspace between is\\nlaid out in bright-\\nhued parterres,\\ntliat look like\\nl*ersian carpets\\nspread on the\\nwell kept lawns.\\nThe eye at times\\nfairly revels in\\nsumptuous mass-\\nes of color. Yet\\nNewport was\\nnow deserted by\\nthe fashionable\\nworld, in the month of months, when sea and shore are incomparably en-\\nticing and satisfying.\\nIn the angle formed by the meeting of Ocean and Carroll avenues is Lily\\nPond, where knights of the rod love to loiter and cast a line. If still pur-\\nsuing the cliffs, you pass by (looseberry Island, wliitlier tlie old-time mag-\\nnates were wont to weiul for fishing, bathing, and drinking-bouts. Spouting\\nKock, where, in gales, iurolling seas are forced high in air, lies this way. Bass\\nRock, of piscatory renown, and Brenton s Reef, the place of wrecks, show their\\nS-c- .CS", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0388.jp2"}, "385": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\n377\\nA NEWPORT COTTAGE.\\njagged sides. Point Judith and Block Island are visible from Castle Hill,\\nwhere in former times a watch-tower stood. No other day of the seven in\\nNewport is quite\\nequal to Fort\\nDay. Then the\\nvery long line of\\nequipages directs\\nitself upon the\\npoint where Fort\\nAdams is located.\\nOn this gala-day\\nthe commandant\\nkeeps open house,\\nwith colors fly-\\ning, music p^^Y-\\ning, and gates\\nopened wide.\\nThe procession\\nw^inds around\\nthe parade, a very\\nmoving picture\\nof peace in the lap of war. Gay scarfs instead of battle-flags wave, jewels\\ninstead of steel, and dog-carts instead of ammunition-carts flash and rumble.\\nThe crash, glitter, and animation are reminders of Hyde Park Corner or the\\nBois de Boulogne. The soldiers I saw were much improved in appearance\\nsince the war, and now seemed\\nreally proud of the dress they\\nwore. They paced the jetty\\nand rampart in jaunty shakos,\\nwhite gloves, and well-fitting\\nuniforms, as men not ashamed\\nof themselves, and of whom Un-\\ncle Sam need not be ashamed.\\nFort Adams was begun in\\nthe administration of the pres-\\nident whose name it bears.\\nThe father of the American\\nnavy intended Newport as a\\nstation for her squadrons of\\nthe future. To this end for-\\ntifications were begun, designed to guarantee the approaches to the harbor.\\nAt this time we were dreading our late ally, France, more than any other\\nEuropean power. Fortifying Newport against France now seems incredible,\\ni^\\nCHARLOTTE CUSHMAN S RESIDENCE.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0389.jp2"}, "386": {"fulltext": "378\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nyet the Directory, with citizen Talleyrand at the helm, would either mould\\nAmerican politics to its will or trample the ancient amity in the dust. In\\n1798, a French cruiser, after the capture of several American vessels, had the\\nimpudence to bring her prize into one of our own ports to escape the more\\ndreaded English. Mr. Adams brought citizen Talleyrand and the Directoire\\nExecutif to their senses;^ but Mr. Jefferson, who decidedly leaned to the\\nFrench side of European politics, stopped the work begun by his predecessor.\\nIn 1800, Mr. Humphreys, the\\nnaval constrncter, was sent\\nto examine theNewEngland\\nports with regard to their\\neligibility as great national\\ndock yards. He reported\\nthat Newport possessed by\\nfar the most suitable harbor\\nfor such an establishment.\\nFort Adams was chief-\\nly constructed under the\\nwatchful supervision of the\\naccomplished engineer, Gen-\\nei al J. G. Totten. It is said\\nthat during the progress of\\nthe woi-k a full set of plans\\nof the fortress mysteriously\\ndisappeared, and as mysteriously re-appeared after a long interval. It is be-\\nlieved in certain quarters that cojiies of these drawings might be found in the\\ntopographical bureau of the British War Office.\\nBefore setting out for the campaign of 1812, the Emperor Xapoleon, as\\nBoui rienne relates, wished to have exact information respecting Ragusa and\\nIllyria. He sent for ^Nlarmont, whose answers were not satisfactory. He then\\ninterrogated different generals to as little ])ur))ose. Dejean, inspector of en-\\ngineers, was then summoned. Have you, demanded the emperor, among\\nyour officers any one who is a( (]uaiiited with IJagusaV\\nDejean, after a monu ut s rctU ction, answei ed, Sire, tlicre is a chief of\\nbattalion who lias been a long time forgotten, wlio is well ac(]uainted with\\nJtagiisa.\\nWhat do you call hlm-r\\nBernard.\\nAh, stop a little; Bernard I recollect that name. Where is he?\\nPO TInC. H0( k\\nR. Goodloe Harper s Speeches, p. 275.\\nBy smasliiiij; tlieir frigates, L Insurgente, La Vengeance, Berceau, and making it generally\\nunpleasant fur tlieni.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0390.jp2"}, "387": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT. 379\\nSire, he is at Antwerp, employed upon the fortifications.\\nSend notice by the telegraph that he instantly mount his horse and re-\\npair to Paris.\\nThe promptitude with which the emperor s orders were always executed\\nis well known. A few days afterward Bernard was in Paris at the house of\\nGeneral Dejean, and shortly after in the cabinet of the emperor. He was\\ngraciously received, and Napoleon immediately said, Tell me about Ragusa.\\nWhen Bernard had done speaking, the emperor said, 6Wo\u00c2\u00bbe/ Bernard, I\\nnow know Ragusa. He then conversed familiarly with him, and having a\\nplan of the works at Antwerp before him, showed how he would successfully\\nbesiege the place. The newly made colonel explained so well how he would\\ndefend himself against the emperor s attacks that Napoleon was delighted,\\nand immediately bestowed upon him a mark of distinction which, says Bour-\\nrienne, he never, to my knowledge, granted but upon this one occasion.\\nAs he was going to preside at the council he desired Colonel Bernard to ac-\\ncompany him, and several times during the sitting requested his opinion upon\\nthe points under discussion. On the breaking-up of the council, Napoleon\\nsaid to him, You are my aid-de-camp.\\nBourrienne continues: At the end of the campaign he was made general\\nof brigade; shortly after, general of division; and he is now known through-\\nout Europe as the first officer of engineers in existence. A piece of folly of\\nClarke s^ has deprived France of the services of this distinguished man, who,\\nafter refusing most brilliant oflers made to him by different sovereigns of\\nEurope, has retired to the United States of America, where he commands the\\nengineers, and where he has constructed on the side of the Floridas fortifica-\\ntions which are by engineers declared to be masterpieces of military skill.\\nBernard came to the United States in 1816, and Avas associated Avith the\\nlate General Totten in carrying out the now discarded system of sea-coast\\nfortifications. It is said that Colonel M Cree, then chief of engineers, resigned\\nrather than serve under him. .Accord between the French engineer and\\nColonel Totten was only secured by a division of the works, and agreement\\nto accept, on the part of each, the other s plans. Bernard wished to construct\\none great fortress, like Antwerp or the once famous strongholds of the Quad-\\nrilateral. Fortress Monroe is the result of this idea. He also planned the\\ndefenses of Mobile.^\\nFrom Fort Adams it is a short sail across to the Dumplings, and the cir-\\ncular tower of stone, built also in the administration of John Adams. This\\nwork, now in ruins, is second only in picturesqueness to the Old Stone Mill,\\nDuke cle Feltre, French minister of war.\\nHe afterward returned to France, and was made minister of war.\\nFort Morgan was constructed by him with twelve posterns, a statement significant to military\\nen fineers. General Totten closed six of them, and the Confederates, when besieged, all but two.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0391.jp2"}, "388": {"fulltext": "380\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nif indeed it should yield the first place to that singular structure. The para-\\nl)et lias crumbled, and the bomb-proofs are choked with rubbish. It is about\\na hundred feet from the crown of\\nthe i^arapet to the water, and, though\\ntlie elevation is inconsiderable, is one\\nof the choice points of observation in\\nNarraganset Bay. The neighboring\\nrocks are of good report among fisher-\\nmen, and the tower and its neighbor-\\nhood are places much affected by pic-\\nnic parties. Taken altogether, the old\\nfort on Canonicut, with its swarthy\\nlock foundations, is one of the last\\nobjects to fade from the recollection.\\nSeen with the setting sun gilding the\\nbroken rampart or glancing from out\\nits blackened embrasures, it embodies\\nsomething of the idea of an antique\\ncastle by the sea.\\nBeinjr here on the island of Canon-\\nTHE DUMPLINGS.\\nicut, the visitor will find it pleasant sauntering along the shores, or across a\\nbroad, smooth road leading to the farther side of the island and the ferry to\\nthe opposite main-land. The water between is called the Western Passage.\\nWhen I saw it, not fewer than a hundred vessels were lying w ind-bound,\\ntheir sails spread to catch the first puff of the land-breeze. Dutch Island,\\nwith its light-house, appears in full view, about midway of the passage. The\\nrock formation of this side of Canonicut is largely slate, with abundant in-\\ntrusion of white quartz. Along the beach the slate is so decomposed as to\\ngive way to the pressure of the foot.\\nCanonicut is a beautiful island, with graceful slopes and fertile soil. It is\\nhere, on the northern end, a cottage city is designed of summer houses, access-\\nible to people who do not keep footmen or carriages, or give champagne\\nbreakfasts. Five liundred acres have been laid out in avenues, parks, and\\ndrives: the shores, by special reservation, are to remain forever oi)en for the\\nequal enjoyment of all who resort hither.\\nAt the coming of D Kstaing and the French fleet, Canonicut was garri-\\nsoned by Brown s provincial corps, and two regiments of Anspach, who were\\ncompelled to evacuate it. The French land troops then took possession of\\nCanonicut is al)out seven miles lon^ its longest axis hiiij,^ almost north and south. It in-\\ncludes a single townshii), ineoiporated ICTS, hy the name of Jamestown. The island was pur-\\nchased from the Indians in 1GJ7. Trudenee Island, si.x miles long, is also attached to James-\\ntown.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0392.jp2"}, "389": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\n381\\nthe Dumpling and Beaver Tail batteries. In the year 1749 a light-house\\nwas erected on Beaver Tail.\\nNewport has not treasured the memory of the Hessians. They were\\nnever in favor, being about equally\\nfeared and hated. At the battle of\\nLong Island they pinned American\\nsoldiers to the trees with their bayo-\\nnets. Loaded down with arms and\\naccoutrements, they marched and\\nfought with equal phlegm. As for-\\nagers they were even more to be\\ndreaded than in battle, as they usually\\nstripped a garden or a house of its\\nlast root or crust. Brutalized by the\\nremoval of the only incentive that is\\nhonorable in the soldier, they lived or\\ndied at so much per head.\\nNewport as a British garrison was\\nthe resort of numbers of courtesans,\\nmany of whom had followed the army\\nfrom New York. Quarrels between\\nHessian and British officers, growing\\nout of their amours, were frequent. A\\nHessian major and captain at last\\nfought a duel about a woman of the\\ntown, in which glorious cause the ma-\\njor was run through the body and\\nkilled. General Prescott then ordered\\nall the authors of these troubles to be\\nconfined in Newport jail.\\nDriving in Newport is one of the\\nduties the fashionable world owes to itself and to society. On every fine\\nday between four in the afternoon and dusk Bellevue Avenue is thronged\\nwith equipages, equestrians, and promenaders. Nowhere in America can so\\nmany elegant turnouts be seen as here: every species of vehicle known to the\\nwheeled vocabulary is in requisition. The cortege is not, as might be sup-\\nposed, a racing mob, but a decorous-paced, well-reined procession\u00e2\u0080\u0094 a sort of\\nreunion upon wheels of all that is brilliant and fascinating in Newport society.\\nThe quiet though elegant carriages with crests on them are Bostonian the\\nmost stylish horse-furniture and mettled horses are at home in Central\\nHESSIAN GRENADIER.\\nAt this time four British frigates and several smaller craft were destroyed. The French\\nforced the passage On the west of Canonicut, and raised the blockade of Providence.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0393.jp2"}, "390": {"fulltext": "382\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nPark; Philadelphia is self-contain-\\ned, and of substantial elegance.\\n^^S^^^^^^^M Imagine this pageant of beautiful\\n5^,r-=5^^ ?w- =:_gy^^^^^ Avonicu aud cuItivatcd men pass-\\ning and repassing, mingling and\\nsepai ating, smiling, saluting, adniir-\\ning, and admired the steady beat of hoofs on the hard gravel and continu-\\nous roll of wheels proceeding without intermission, until the whole becomes\\nbewildering, confused, and indistinct, as if the whirl of wheels were indeed\\nin your brain.\\nWhen The Drive is spoken of, that through Bellevue and Ocean avenues\\nwith, on Fort days (Wednesdays and Fridays), the detoKr to the fortress and\\nso back to town is meant. Another charming drive is by the Bath road,\\nthen skirting the beaches, to continue on through Middletown, where the hills\\nare still blistered with the remains of l\\\\evohitionary intrenchments. Pai-adise\\nand Purgatory are both reached by this road, and are within easy distance of\\nany part of Newport.\\nOn two occasions when T crossed the beaches the sea Avas runTiing too\\nheavily to make bathing practicable. The surf, too, was much discolored\\nwith sea-wrack and ihc nameless rubbish it is always turning over and over.\\nGroups of bathing-houses were dispersed along the upper margin of the strand.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0394.jp2"}, "391": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\n3S3\\nTHE DKIVE.\\nThey are not much lavger than, and bear a strong resemblance to, sentry-\\nboxes. When feasible, bathing is regulated by signals, flags of different col-\\nors being used to designate the hours assigned to males or females. The floor\\nof the beach is hard and gently shelving. There being little tide, a plunge\\ninto the sea may be enjoyed without danger from quicksands or under-tow.\\nOn the eastern side of Easton s Point, which divides what w^ould otherwise\\nbe a continuous beach into __\u00e2\u0080\u0094\\ntwo, is Purgatory Bluff, a\\nmass of conglomerate split\\nasunder by some unknown\\nprocess of nature. The two\\nfaces of the fissure appear\\nto correspond to each other,\\nbut no other force than that i||\\\\f\\nwhich smote may restore\\nthem. A place used to be\\nshown on the irregular sur-\\nface of the rocks above where\\nthe Evil Spirit of the red\\nmen once dragged a squaw,\\nand, in spite of her frantic\\nstrurjgles, which might be traced, dispatched her, and flung the body into the\\nchasm. Another and more recent legend is, that here a lover w^as dared by\\nhis mistress to leap across the chasm, some fourteen feet, her glove to be the\\nguerdon of his success. The feat was performed, but the lover flung the\\nglove into the face of his silly mistress. What seems curious in these fractures\\nof pudding-stone, the pebbles break in the same direction as the mass of rock.\\nPUR ATOKi BLLFF.\\nThe chasm is one hundred and sixty feet in length, with an average deptli of about sixty feet.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0395.jp2"}, "392": {"fulltext": "384\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nHanging Rock, a favorite haunt of good Dean Berkeley, is a cavity or shelf\\nwhere it would be practicable to sit, and, while looking off to sea, indulge in\\ndreamy musings. Haifa mile farther on is the house he built, and afterward,\\non his departure from the country, gave to Yale. It bears the pretending\\nname of Whitehall, for, though comfortable-looking, it is little palatial.\\nTlie dean, it is said, told the painter, Smibert, who ventured to betray\\nsome distrust of his patron s\\nsanguine belief in the fu-\\nture importance of Newport,\\nTruly, you have very little\\nforesight, for in fifty years\\ntime every foot of land in\\nthis place will be as valuable\\nas in Clicapside. If he in-\\nt% 5^ t(v-. deed made the remark at-\\ntributed to him, he was only\\na century or so out of his\\nreckoning.\\nThe name and fame of\\nGeorge, Bishop of Cloyne,\\nthe friend of Swift and of\\nSteele, the professor of an ideal philosopliy, and the projector of a Utopian\\nscheme for evangelizing and educating the Indians, is dear to the people of\\nNewport. He came to America in 1728 with the avowed purpose of estab-\\nlishing a college, to be erected on the Summer Islands, the still vext Ber-\\nuioothes of Shakspeare.\\nBerkeley is perhaps more familiar to American readers by four lines of\\nwhich the first is as often misquoted as any literary fragment I can call to\\nmind than by his philosophical treatises:\\nWestward the course of empire takes its way;\\nTlie four first acts already past,\\nA fifth shall close the drama witli the day\\nTime s noblest off spring is the last.\\nThe residence of the dean at Newport was a forced retirement, the sum\\nof twenty llioiisand jiounds jiroinised by Sir liobeit Walpole in aid oi his\\ncollege never having been paid. In this college, he most exorbitantly i)ro-\\nposed, as Swift humorously remarked, a whole hundred pounds a year for\\nhimself, forty pounds for a i ellow, and ten ior a sludenl. Seven years were\\nl)assed in literary nrsuits; The .Minute riiilosopher, of wliich no one who\\ncomes to Newport may go ignorant away, being the olfspring of his medita-\\ntions. Along with the dean came .lohn Smibert, of whose canvases a few re-\\nmain scattered over New England, and whose chief excellence lay in infusing", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0396.jp2"}, "393": {"fulltext": "PICTURESQUE NEWPORT.\\n385\\nthe love of his avt into such men as Copley, Trumbull, and Allston. Pope\\nassigns to Berkeley every virtue under heaven. There is no question but\\nthat he was as amiable and learned as he Avas thoroughly speculative and\\nunpractical.\\nThe return to town by Honyman s Hill, named from the first pastor of\\nTrinity, is thoroughly enjoyable and interesting. The historical student may\\nhere see how near\\n-dxK\\nthe Americans\\nwere advanced\\ntoward the cap-\\nture of Newport.\\nAn old windmill\\nor two or a farm-\\nhouse are pictur-\\nesque objects by\\nthe way.\\nI saw, says\\nMiss Martinean,\\nthe house which\\nBerkeley built in\\nRhode Island\\nbuilt in the par-\\nticular spot where\\nitis,thathemight\\nhave to pass, in\\nhis rides, over the\\nhill which lies\\nbetween it and\\nNewport, and\\nfeast himself with\\nthe tranquil beau-\\nty of the sea,\\nthe bay, and the\\ndowns as they\\nappear from the Washington park, newpokt.\\nridge of the eminence, I saw the pile of rocks, with its ledges and recesses,\\nwhere he is said to have meditated and composed his Minute Philosopher.\\nIt was at first melancholy to visit these his retreats, and think how empty\\nthe land still is of the philosophy he loved.\\nSinibert planned the original Faneuil Hall, Boston. Trumbull painted in the studio left\\nvacant by Smibert.\\n25", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0397.jp2"}, "394": {"fulltext": "d estaing.\\nCHAPTER XXIV.\\nTHE FREXCU AT NEWPORT.\\nGrenadiers, rendez-vous\\nLa Garde meurt et iie se rend pas.\\nBraves rran9ais, rendez-vous vons serez traitc s comma les premiers soldats du monde.\\nLa garde meurt et ne se rend pas. Old Guard at Watekluo.\\nA NOTIIEK i)hase of Newport in by-c^one days was tlie sojouni of our\\nFrencli allies in the Revolution. Then there were real counts, and\\ndukes, and marquises in Newport. There had also been a British occupa-\\ntion but the troops of his Britannic Majesty ruined the town, humiliated\\nits pride, and crushed its prejudices under an armed heel. On the other\\nhand, the French soldiers respected ])ropcrty, were considerate in their treat-\\nment of the inhabitants, and paid scrupulously for every thing they took. In\\ntime of war a garrisoned town is usually about equally abused by friend or", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0398.jp2"}, "395": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWPORT. 387\\nenemy. Here the approach of the Freuch was dreaded, and their departure\\nregarded as a misfortune.\\nApropos to the good beliavior of our French friends is the testimony of\\nan eye-witness, who says: The difierent deputations of savages who came to\\nview their camp exhibited no surprise at the siglit of the cannon, tlie troops,\\nor of their exercise; but they coukl not recover from their astonisljment at\\nseeing apple-trees loaded with fruit above the tents which the soldiers had\\nbeen occupying for three months. The English, during their occupation,\\nhad burned almost the last fo/est-tree on the island.\\nThe astonishing spectacle of monarchy aiding democracy against itself is\\none of the reflections suggested by the alliance. Besides Louis Seize, other\\ncrowned heads would willingly have helped America as against the old Ter-\\nmagant of the Seas, had not the idea been too illogical. The Empress\\nCatherine II. is reported as having hinted, in a private interview with Sir\\nJames Harris, at the 2:)0ssibility of restoring European peace by renouncing\\nthe struggle England was making with her American colonies. May I ask\\nyour Majesty, said the ruse old Briton, if this would be your policy in case\\nthe colonies had belonged to you\\nJ aimeiais mieux perdre ma tete, re2:)lied the empress (I would sooner\\nlose my head).\\nKaiser Joseph repulsed the idea with equal candor and bluntness: Ma-\\ndame, mou metier a moi c est d etre royaliste (Madam, my trade is to be\\na royalist).\\nThis was not the first move France had made to detach the American\\ncolonies from the British crown. Far back in the day of the Puritans the\\nthing had been attempted. Again, in 1767, M. de Choiseul dispatched Baron\\nDe Kalb on a secret mission. The baron came, saw, and made bis report.\\nHe wrote from Boston in March, 1768, that he did not believe it possible to\\ninduce the Americans to accept foreign aid, on account of their fixed faith in\\ntheir sovereign s justice.* We were still, while growling, licking the hand\\nthat smote us. And this little fragment shows that before the day of Caron\\nBeaumarchais, of Sleek Silas, of Sleek Benjamin, the idea of assistance\\nwas already germinating. France was to heave away at the old British\\nempire as soon as she had found a fulcrum on which to rest her lever.\\nD Estaing came first to Newport but his appearance, like that of a me-\\nteor, was very brilliant and very brief Besides being vice-admiral, he was also\\nlieutenant-general, and brought with him something in excess of fifteen hun-\\ndred land soldiers, without counting the marines of his fleet. The chevalier\\nadvanced his squadron in two divisions, one ascending the Narraganset, the\\notlier the Seconnet passage. He cannonaded Sir Robert Pigot s batteries, de-\\nBritish ambassador at St. Petersburg, afterward Lord ]\\\\Ialmesbiiry.\\nMassachusetts Files.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0399.jp2"}, "396": {"fulltext": "388\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nEARL HOWE.\\nstroyed some British vessels, and caused some addition to the national debt\\nof Enghmd. Tlien, when the pear was ready to fall, at sight of Earl Howe s\\nfleet he put to sea, and was battered by his lordship and by storms until he\\nbrought his shattered vessels into Boston Harbor, where he should refit, and\\ntaste Governor Hancock s wine.\\nTlie Americans, who had advanced under Sullivan within two miles of\\nNewport old continentals, militia, and volunteer\\ncoi ps, full of fight and confident of success were\\nobliged to withdraw in good order but bad tem-\\nper. Sullivan secured his retreat by a brilliant\\nlittle action at the head of the island.\\nThe French at Boston found themselves very\\nill received. They were accused of having aban-\\ndoned, betrayed Sullivan. French sailors and sol-\\ndiers were beaten in the streets, and their oflicers\\nseriously wounded in attempting to quell aftVays\\nwith the populace. D Estaing conducted himself\\nwith great circumspection. He refused to press the punishment of the lead-\\ners in these outrages; but, stung by the imputation of cowardice, oftered to\\nput himself, a vice-admiral of France, with seven hundred men, under the\\norders of Sullivan, who, says a French historian, was lately nothing but a\\nlawyer.\\nAn extraordinary number of personages, distinguished in the Revolution,\\nor under the empire, its successor, served France in America. The heads of\\nmany fell under the guillotine. In this way perished D Estaing. He was in\\nParis during tiie Reign of Terror, and present at the trial of Marie Antoinette.\\nOne of those ladies who met him at Boston describes him as of dignified\\npresence, aifuble, and gracious.\\nWith D Estaing came Jourdan, a shop-keeper, and the son of a doctor.\\nAt sixteen he Avas the comrade of Rochambeau, and in the same regiment\\n3Iontcalm had commanded in 1743. The Limou-\\nsin shows with pride to the stranger the old\\nwooden house, with dark front, in which the\\nconqueror of Fleurus was born. The marshal\\nwho had commanded the army of the Sambrc at\\nMeuse became the scape-goat of Vittoria.\\nAfter D Estaing came Rochambeau, and witli\\nhim a crowd of young ofiiccrs of noble birth, foi\\ntunc s favorites, who yet sought with the eager-\\nness of knights-errant to enroll themselves in\\nthe ranks of the alliance. Gay, careless, cliival-\\nric, and debonair, carrying their high-bred court-\\nesy even to the IVont of battle, they were worthy i{ochambead.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0400.jp2"}, "397": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWrORT.\\nS39\\nsons of the men who at Fontenoy advanced, hat in hand, from the ranks, and\\nsahited their English enemies Apres vous, messieurs les Anglais nous ne\\ntirons jamais les premiers (After you, gentlemen we never fire first).\\nHaving in some respects remained much as when the French were here,\\nthere is no greater difficulty in beating our imaginary rappel than in suppos-\\ning Newport peopled when walking at night through its deserted streets.\\nWe suppose an intrenched camp drawn across the island from the sea to\\nthe harbor, having town,\\nfleet, and transports under\\nits Aving, and batteries on\\nall the points and islands.\\nTwelve days sufficed to se-\\ncure the position to the sat-\\nisfaction of Kochambeau,\\nwho shrugged his shoulders,\\nsaying, as another and\\ngreater said after him, I\\nliave them now, these En-\\nglish. Yet Washington,\\nremembering Long Island\\nand Fort Washington, wrote\\nin July to General Heath, I wish the Count de Rochambeau had taken a\\nposition on the main.\\nUnder British rule, Newport wore a muzzle; under French, a collar bris-\\ntling with steel. Tlie white standard was un-\\nfolded to the breeze in all the camps and from\\nthe masts of shipping. Tents and marquees were\\npitched along the line and dotted the green of\\nCanonicut, Rose Island, Coaster s and Goat isl-\\nands. Bayonets brightly and cannon duskily\\nflashed in the sun everywhere. Sentinels in\\nwhite uniforms, black gaiters, and woolen epau-\\nlets tramped in little paths of their own mak-\\ning. Officers in white, splendidly gold -em-\\nbroidered, with rich and elegant side-arms, put\\nto the blush such of our poor fellows as chanced\\nin their camps. In every shady spot groups\\nof soldiers, gay and jovial, reclined on the\\ngrass, chattering all together, or laughing at the witticism of the company\\ngaillard. The drum the type military, Avhich has scarcely changed its form\\nROCUAJIBEAU S lIEAD-yLTAKTEKS.\\nLOUIS XVI.\\nHeath then commanded at Providence he was ordered to meet Rochambeau on his arrival,\\nand extend any assistance in his power.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0401.jp2"}, "398": {"fulltext": "390\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nin three hundred years was improvised into the card table. 3fa fois^\\n^^jmroles (V honneur^^ sacres, and T7iilles toiinerres, Qew thickly as bullets\\nat Fontenoy.\\nA finer body of men had probably never taken the field. Many were\\nseasoned in the Seven Years War.\\nPerfectly disciplined, commanded by\\ngenerals of experience, they only ask-\\ned to be led against the hereditary\\nenemy of France. Officers who had\\nmounted guard at the Tuileries, and\\nhad been intimate with crowned\\nheads, embraced the campaign with\\nthe careless vivacity of school-boys.\\nIn the present region of old houses\\nis a mansion having a high air of re-\\nspectability it is situated at the\\ncorner of Clarke and Mary streets,\\nand known as the Vernon House.\\nThis was the Quart ier General of the\\nCount Rochambcau, one of the four\\nsupreme generals of Fi ance in those\\ndays. The count was a brave old\\nsoldier, rather short in stature, rather\\ninclined to fiit, with a humane soul\\nand noble heart. lie was hampered\\nby his instructions, and his army lost\\ntime here, to the vexation of Wash-\\nington, and chagrin, it is believed, of\\nhimself Hear what he says when\\nteased hy a j ounger soldier to begin\\nthe fighting\\nI owe it to the most sci-npulons\\nexamination of my conscieiu c, that\\nof about fifteeen thousand men killed\\nor wounded under my orders in differ-\\nent grades and in the bloodiest actions, I have not to reproach myself with\\nhaving caused the death of a single one to gratify my own ambition.\\nLe vieux peuk IIochambeau.\\nIt was to Lafayette, burning with the desire to see his countrymen sig-\\nnalize their coming otherwise than by balls, routs, and reviews, that the letter\\nwas addressed, liocliambeau was under the orders of Washington, yet many\\nof his officers disliked being commanded by Lafayette, theii- junior in military\\nservice, or by lawyers, blacksmiths, and book-sellers.\\nMIMTARY MAP OF RnODE ISLAND, 1778.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0402.jp2"}, "399": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWPORT.\\n391\\nLAFAlETfE.\\nThe career of M. de Ternay, admiral of the fleet, was soon ended. He died\\nin Newport, and was bnried in Trinity Church-yard. One of Rochambeau s\\nstaff-oflicers ascribes his death to cha-\\ngrin in consequence of having permit-\\nted five English ships to escape him\\nwithout a general engagement. These\\nships were then on their way to join\\nAdmiral Rodney. It is certain he was\\nopenly denounced by many officers of\\nrank for too great caution. Rocham-\\nbeau says:\\nNewport, December 18th, 1780.\\nI set out from here on the 12th to\\nvisit Boston and M, Hancock, leaving\\nhere M. de Ternay with a slight fever,\\nwhich announced nothing serious. On\\nthe 16th, in the morning, I received a\\ncourier from Baron de Viomenil, an-\\nnouncing his death on the morning\\nof the 15th. I returned at once, and\\nreached here yesterdaj^ evening.\\nA mural tablet of black marble inscribed with golden letters was sent\\nfrom France. The admiral s grave happening not to be contiguous to the\\nchurch or church -yard wall, a Avail was built to support the slab. Since\\nthen it has been removed to the vestibule of Trinity Church, and a granite\\nstone, at the instance of the Marquis de Noailles, has replaced it above the\\ngrave. The first house, built in 17G2, was succeeded\\nin 1726 by the present edifice. An organ was pre-\\nsented by Bishop Berkeley, whose infant daughter\\nlies in the church-yard.\\nIn March, 1781, Washington, accompanied by La-\\nfayette, came to Newport, and was received by Ro-\\nchambeau in the Vernon House. The curious in-\\nterest with which the American general was regard-\\ned by his allies is sufficiently evident in their ac-\\ncounts of him. He at once commanded all their\\nadmiration and respect, and was perhaps their only\\nideal not destroyed by actual contact. They still show the visitor the house\\nin Church Street where Washington led the dance with the beautiful Miss\\nChamplin, and where the French officers, taking the instruments from the\\nmusicians hands, played the minuet, A successful Campaign.\\nAnother of the noblesse of the army was the Viscount do Noailles, in\\nwhose regiment Napoleon was afterward a subaltern. Two grateful tasks\\nBARON VIOMilNIL.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0403.jp2"}, "400": {"fulltext": "392 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfell to his share in the war. As ambassador to England, he delivered to Lord\\nWeymouth intelli-\\ngence of the alliance\\nand acknowledgment\\nof the independence\\nof the thirteen States.\\nHis manner was said\\nto have been very of-\\nfensive, and consid-\\nered tantamount to a\\nchallenge. An equal-\\nly agreeable duty de-\\nvolved upon him as\\none of the commis-\\nsioners to arrange the\\ncapitulation of York-\\ntown.\\nThe alliance was\\na bitter draught for\\nEngland. She oifer-\\ned, in 1781, to cede\\nMinorca to Russia if\\nthe empress would ef-\\nfect a peace between\\nFrance, Spain, and\\nherself; but stipula-\\nted that there should\\nbe an express condi-\\ntion that the Frencli\\nshould immediately\\nevacuate Rhode Island and every other part of his Majesty s colonics in\\nAmerica; no stipulation or agreement whatever to\\nbe made with regard to II. M. rebellious subjects,\\nwho could never be suffered to treat through the\\nmedium of a foreign power.\\nThe Dutch republic, influenced by John Adams,\\nhaving declared for the alliance, England demand-\\ned satisfaction. Then Frederick the Great got his\\ndander up. Said he, Puisque les Anglais veulent\\nla guerre avec tout le monde, ils I auront (Since\\nthe English wish war with all the world, they shall\\nhave it). So much for him who was then called in\\nthe court circles of Europe Le Vieux de la Mon- chastellux.\\nTUINITY CULKCH.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0404.jp2"}, "401": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWPORT.\\n393\\ntagne (OlcT Man of the Mountain), Spain was arming. England continued\\nto ply the empress through her favorite and debauchee, Potemkin. Russia,\\nas head, of the Northern League, now held the key of European politics.\\nPotemkin was too adroit for British diplomacy. It is believed he had a\\nsecret understanding with the French ambassador, as the doctors whom Mo-\\nliere makes say to each other, Passez-moi la rhubarbe et je vous passerai le\\nsene.\\nIn this same year, 1781, the mediating powers, Russia and Austria, pro-\\nposed an armistice for a year, during which hostilities were to be suspended\\nand peace negotiated. The American colonies were to be admitted to this\\narrangement, and no treaty signed in which they were not included. Lord\\nStorraont, in notifying the refusal of England to this proposal, declining any\\nintervention between herself and her colonies, pointed out that, in the then\\nstate of the struggle in America, a suspension of hostilities would be fatal to\\nthe success of his Majesty s arms.\\nEngland could not disentangle the knot of European politics, and York-\\ntown brought her to her knees. Many of\\nthe Continental powers openly rejoiced at\\nher humiliation; Catharine could scarcely\\ndissemble her joy. The news reached Lon-\\ndon on Sunday, November 25th. Lord Wal-\\nsinghara, who had been under-secretary of\\nstate, happened to be with Lord Germain\\nwhen the messengers arrived. Without men-\\ntioning the disaster to any other persons, the\\ntwo peers took a hackney-coach and drove\\nto Lord Stormont s, in Portland Place. Im-\\nparting their intelligence, his lordship joined\\nthem, and they proceeded to the chancellor s,\\nwhere, after a short consultation, it was de-\\ntermined the) would communicate it in per-\\nson to Lord North. The first minister s firm-\\nness, and even his presence of mind, gave way\\nunder this crushing blow. He is represent-\\ned as having received it as he would have\\ntaken a ball in his breast, for he opened\\nliis arms, exclaiming wildly, as he paced up\\nand down the apartment, O God it is all\\nQygj. p 55 LAUZUN.\\nThe American is now living who will see justice done the memory of\\nGeorge III. He was neither a bad-king nor a bad man. Like his antagonist,\\nLouis Seize, he was possessed of strong good sense, which accounts, perhaps,\\nsays one, for the decapitation of Louis by the French. A well-informed au-", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0405.jp2"}, "402": {"fulltext": "394\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthoi-ity attributes the insanity of George III. to the revolt of his American\\ncolonies. Just as he was taken ill, in 1 788, he said, after the last levee he\\nheld, to Lord Thurlow, who was advising him to take care of himself, and re-\\nturn to Windsor, You, then, too, my Lord Thurlow, forsake me and suppose\\nme ill beyond recovery but whatever you and Mr. Pitt may think or feel, I,\\nthat am born a gentleman, shall never lay my head on my last pillow in peace\\nand quiet as long as I remember the loss of my American colonies.\\nBut to come back to our Frenchmen. Of others whose sabi es and spurs\\nhave clanked or jingled on the well-worn door-stone\\nof the Vernon House was Biron, better known as the\\nroue Lauzun. There being no forage on the island,\\nLauzun s cavalry and the artillery horses were sent\\nfor the winter to Lebanon, Connecticut, a place the\\nduke compares to Siberia. Lauzun had the talents\\nthat seduce men as Avell as women. Traveled,\\nspeaking English well, gay and audacious, he was\\namong men the model of a finished gentleman, and\\namong women the type of such dangerous raillery\\nthat many, in order to control him, gave the lie to\\nthe proverb, We Jiate whom we fear.\\nAt Berlin Lauzun had been a prodigious favor-\\nHis connection with the Duke d Orleans (Egalite) proved\\nhis ruin. At forty-six, having unsuccessfully commanded the republican\\narmies in La Vendee, he was guillotined in 1 793.\\nMademoiselle Laurent, his mistress, attended him\\nto the last. He would not let his hands be tied.\\nWe are both Frenchmen, said he to the exe-\\ncutioner; we shall do our duty. Thus exit\\nBiron, capable of every thing, good for nothing.\\nThe elegant and accomplished Marquis Chas-\\ntellux, whose petits soiipcrs at Newport were\\nthe talk of every one wlio had the good fortune\\nto be invited, and whose Travels in America,\\npartly printed on board the French fleet, are so\\ncharmingly written the brave Baron Viomenil,\\nsecond in command, distinguished for gallantry\\nat Yorktown headlong CliarU s Lamctli, wlio fought the young Duke de Cas-\\ntries in the Bois de Boulogne Mathieu Dumas, aid to Kochambeau, and af-\\nMATHIEU DUMAS.\\nite with Frederick.\\nDEUX-PONTS.\\nThe manner and matter of his reception of Mr. Adams were equally those of gentleman and\\nking. Contrast him with tlie Prince Itegent, and his remark to the French ex-minister, Calonne,\\nduring his father s sudden illness, in 1801 Savez-vous, Monsieur de Calonne, que inon pcre est\\naussi fou que jamais? (Do you know, Monsieur de Calonne, that my father is as crazy as ever?)\\nThackeray could not do him justice.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0406.jp2"}, "403": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWPORT.\\n395\\ns^-:;j\\nDE BAKKAS.\\nterward fighting at Waterloo, were prominent figures in an army pre-eminent\\namong armies for tlie distinction of its leaders.\\nLa Peyrouse, in October, made his escape through the English blockade\\nduring a severe gale, in which his vessel was dismasted though, fortunately,\\nnot until the enemy had given up the chase. He carried with him Rocham-\\nbeau s son, charged with an account of the conference at Hartford and tlie\\nnecessities of the Americans.\\nBerthier, the military confidant of jSTapoleon, was of this army. He em-\\nbarked for America, a captain of dragoons in the\\nregiment of Lorraine, and here won the epaulets\\nof a colonel. There were also two brothers serving\\nunder the name of Counts Deux-Ponts. One of them,\\nCount Christian Deux-Ponts, was captured by Nel-\\nson, while on a boat excursion with several friends,\\noff Porto Cavallo. Southey, in his Life of Lord\\nNelson, says he was a prince of the German Em-\\npire, and brother to the heir of the Electorate of\\nBavaria. Nelson, then a young captain, after giving\\nhis prisoners a good dinner, released them.*\\nIt would require a broad muster-roll merely to\\nenumerate the distinguished of Rochambeau s expeditionary array. I have\\nnot yet mentioned De Broglie, Yauban, Champcenetz, Chabannes, De Mel-\\nfort, and Talleyrand; nor De Barras, La Touche, and La Clocheterie; nor\\nDesoteux, leader of Chouans in the French Revolution. To have withstood\\nthe assaults of so much wit, gallantry, and condescension, Newport must\\nhave been a city of vestals yet, according to the good Abbe Robin, his\\ncountrymen gave few examples of that gallantry for which their nation is\\nfamed. One remarkable instance of a wife reclaimed, when on the point of\\nyielding to the seductions of an epauleted stranger, is related by him. The\\nstory has a fine moral for husbands as well as wives.\\nThe expected arrival of this army spread terror in Newport. The French\\nhad been represented as man-eaters, whereas they were only frog-eaters. The\\ncountry was deserted, and those whom curiosity had brought to Newport en-\\ncountered nobody in the streets. Rochambeau landed in the evening. Tiiese\\nfears were soon dissipated by the exact discipline enforced in the camps.\\nThey tell of pigs and fowls passing unmolested, and of fields of corn standing\\nuntouched in their midst.\\nBeautiful Miss Champlin, charming Redwood, the distingue Misses Hun-\\nter, and the Quaker vestal, Polly Lawton, are names escaped to us from the\\nThe fellow-prisoner of Count Christian Deux-Ponts was an Irishman, named Lynch, who\\nbelonged also to Rochambeau s army. Fearful that his nationality migiit be discovered, he begged\\nthe count to be on his guard. When at table, and heated with wine, the secret was divulged by\\nthe count but Nelson, as Segur relates, pretended not to have heard it.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0407.jp2"}, "404": {"fulltext": "396\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nmemoirs of Gallic admirers; yet there was only a single suicide in the French\\nranks justly chargeable to an American love account; and this did not occur\\nin Newport.\\nOne of the French regiments at Yorktown was as famous in Old-World\\nannals as any battalion that ever stood under arms. This was the regi-\\nment of Auvergne. Wherever men might march, Auvergne was seen or\\nheard. Once, when in the advance of the army it was always there\\none of its captains, sent out to reconnoitre, was surrounded in the darkness\\nby foes. A hundred bayonets were leveled at his breast. Speak above a\\nwhisper and you die, said the German officer. Captain D Assas saw him-\\nself in the midst of a multi-\\ntude of enemies, who were\\nstealthily approaching his\\nweary and unsuspecting\\ncomrades. In an instant\\nhis resolution was taken.\\nRaising himself to his full\\nheight, that he might give\\nhis voice greater effect,\\nhe cried out, A moi, Au-\\nvergne voilii les enne-\\nmis! and fell dead as the\\nFrench drums beat To\\narms I The regiment was\\nvery proud of its motto,\\n^^/Scois tache.\\nIn this regiment was\\nPhilip d Auvergne, the\\nlirst grenadier of France,\\nof whose prowess stories\\nlittle less than marvelous\\nare told. When the corps\\ncame to America its name\\nhad been changed to Ga-\\ntinais, whereat there was\\nmuch grumbling among\\nthese aged mustaches. There were two redoubts at Yorktown to be taken.\\nOne was assigned to Lafayette and his Americans, the other to the French.\\nThe grenadiers of Gatinais were to lead this attack; and, as it was expected\\nto be bloody, Rochambeau himself addressed them. My friends, said he,\\nLATOUK U AUVEKGNE.\\nThat of Mnjor Gnlviin, who pistoled himself on account of unrequited love.\\nKiilly, Auvergne! here is tiie enemy I", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0408.jp2"}, "405": {"fulltext": "THE FRENCH AT NEWPORT. 397\\nif I should want you this night, I hoj^e you have not forgotten that we have\\nserved together in that brave regiment of Auvergne, aS^^is Tachey Prom-\\nise, general, to give us back our old name, and we will suffer ourselves to be\\nkilled, to the last man. The promise was given, the redoubt won, and King\\nLouis confirmed the pledge. In token of its peerless valor Washington pre-\\nsented tlie regiment with one of the captured cannon.\\nThe comfortable and contented lives of the French soldiers daily aston-\\nished our poor and tattered, but unconquerable ragamuffins. At parade they\\nappeared so neat and gentleman-like as hardly to be distinguished from their\\nofficers. They were paid every week, and seemed to want for nothing. No\\nsentinel was allowed to stand on his post without a warm watch-coat to\\ncover him. The officers treated their soldiers with attention, humanity, and\\nrespect, neglecting no means of inculcating sentiments of honor. Stealing\\nwas held by them in abhorrence. As a consequence, punishments were ex-\\ntremely rare, desertions unfrequent, and the health of the troops excellent.\\nSpeculations more or less unfavorable to French disinterestedness, more\\nor less destructive of American enthusiasm for the alliance, must arise from a\\nknowledge of the secret policy of France in coming to the aid of democracy.\\nPossibly she hoped for the reconquest of Canada. Rochambeau would have\\nfirst employed his forces against Castine, had he not been overruled. That\\nwould have been curious, indeed, to have seen France re-established at old\\nPentagoet, carrying war into Canada, as, more than a century previous and\\nfrom the same vantage-ground, she had carried it into New England. Not\\nmuch later she tried to wheedle and then to bully us into ceding to her the\\nisland of Rhode Island, in order, as urged by her, to prevent its being seized\\nagain at any future time by Great Britain. Her armed intervention was of\\nlittle worth compared with the moral effect of the alliance.\\nPierre du Guast had groped his way along the coast in 1605, seeking a\\nhabitation. He, and his lieutenant, Poutrincourt, had well-nigh reached their\\ngoal when compelled to turn back, baffled, for wintry Acadia. A Frencli\\ncolony, in 1605, upon Aquidneck might have changed the order of history,\\nand rendered impossible the events of which this chapter is the skeleton.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0409.jp2"}, "406": {"fulltext": "GIIAVES ON THE BLUFF, FORT KOAD.\\nCHAPTER XXV.\\nNEWPORT CEMETERIES.\\nCome, my spade. There is no ancient gentlemen but gardeners, ditchers, and grave-mnkers\\nthey hold up Adam s profession. Shakspeare.\\nASSUMING the looker-on to be free from all qualms on the subject of\\ngrave-yard associations, I invite him to loiter with me awhile among\\nthe tombstones of buried Newport. As we thread the streets of the town,\\nsign-boards or door-plates inform us who are the occupants and in pursuing\\nthe narrow paths of the burial-place, the tablets set up denote, not only the\\nfinal residences, but symbolize the dread of the world s forgetfulness, of those\\nwho sleep there. The analogy might still be pursued, as it was an old cus-\\ntom to inscribe the occupation and birthplace upon a memorial stone. Here\\nis one I found in the old ground adjoining Uliode Ishmd Cemetery:\\nHere lyeth the Body\\nof Roger Kaster\\nBachelor Block mackr\\nAged 66 yeres He Dyed\\n23 Day of Aprel 1687\\nHe xs as one of the Fi\\nrst Beginers of a Chv\\nrch of Christ obsrving\\nOf the 7th Day Sab\\nbath of T\u00c2\u00a3 LORD fN\\nNK AO BEGAN 23D ^S 167 1\\nTlic jiave -yards arc the iirst green spots. Dandelions, buttercups, and", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0410.jp2"}, "407": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT CEMETERIES.\\n399\\ndaisies blossom earliest there. The almost imperceptible shading-off of winter\\ninto spring is signaled by tufts of freshly springing grass on the sunny side\\nof a grave-stone; the birds build betimes among the tree-branches of the\\ncemetery. Your grave-maker is always a merry fellow, who cares no more\\nfor carved cross-bones than for the clay-pipes so artistically crossed in shop-\\nwindows.\\nI found many stones dating from 1726 to 1800, but even these had be-\\ncome much defaced by time. Where freestone slabs had been used, the in-\\nscriptions were either illegible or quite obliterated. Some of the older slate\\nstones had been painted to protect them from the weather. The city takes\\ncommendable care of the grounds; yet I could not help thinking that a little\\nmoney might be well spent in renewing the fading inscriptions. Throughout\\nthe inclosure the jjious chisel of some Old Mortality is painfully in request.\\nIn a retired part of the ground I found two horizontal slabs one of white,\\nthe other red, freestone lying side by side over man and wife. I transcribed\\nthe epitaph of the wife, as the more characteristic\\nHere lyeth the body of Harte\\nGarde the wife of Iohn Garde\\nMerchant who departed this\\nTHE 1 6 day of September An\\nDoM i66o\\nAged 55 years.\\nAnother slate stone contained tlie\\nsingular inscription given in the en-\\ngraving and still another was let-\\ntered\\nIn Memory Of\\nMI S- Elizabeth Lintu\\nrn widow for many\\nyears a noted midwife\\nShe departed this life\\nOctober 2^^ 1758\\nIn the 62,^ year of her age.\\nIn the old Common Burying-\\nground is the following plaint\\nV/AU^ j.^ii.^.\\nHere doth Simon Parrett lye\\nWhose wrongs did for justice cry\\nBut none could haue\\nAnd now the Graue\\nKeeps him from Inivrie\\nWho Departed this life\\nTie 23 Day of May 17 iS\\nAged 84 years.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0411.jp2"}, "408": {"fulltext": "400 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nFarewell Street, by which you .approach the principal cemetery of New-\\nport, is not ill-named. The ground, a generally level area, permits the eye to\\nroam over the whole region of graves. Glimpses of the bay and of the isl-\\nands dispersed so picturesquely about it harmonize with the calm of the\\nplace. Sails drift noiselessly by, and the fragrance of evergreens and of eg-\\nlantine perfumes the air. There was breeze enough to bring the strains of\\nmartial music from the fort even here.\\nIt is stated, I know not how authoritatively, that the Hessians, whose hos-\\npital was close at hand, defaced many stones here by altering the inscriptions.\\nHere is buried William Ellery, one of the signers of the Declaration. On\\nthe day of his death he rose as usual, dressed, and seated himself in the old\\nflag-bottomed chair which he had sat in for more than half a century. Here\\nhe remained reading a volume of Cicero in Latin until his physician, who had\\ndropped in, perceived that he could scarcely raise his eyelids to look at him.\\nThe doctor found his pulse gone. After giving him a little wine and water,\\nDr. W told him his pulse beat sti onger. Oh, yes, doctor, I have a\\ncharming pulse, expressing at the same time his conviction that his life was\\nnearly ended, and his thankfulness that he was to pass away free from sick-\\nness or pain. He at last consented to be placed upright in bed, so that he\\nmight continue reading. He died thus without attracting the notice of his\\nattendants, like a man who becomes drowsy and falls asleep, sitting in the\\nsame posture, with the book under his chin. Here is also the tomb of Gov-\\nernor Cranston, and the gray stone slab with typical skull and cross-bones, on\\nwhich is graven tlie name of William Jefferay, said to have been one of\\nCharles Stuart s judges. Among other specimens of grave-yard literature is\\nthe iMscrij)tion to Christopher Ellery: The Human Form respected for its\\nhonesty, and known for fifty-three years by the appellation of Christopher\\nEllery, began to dissolve in the month of February, 1789.\\nThere is not so much quaintness in the epitaphs here as in the old Puritan\\ngrave-yards of Boston and Salem; less even of statelinoss, of pomp, and of\\nhuman pride than is usual. I missed the Latin, the blazonry, and the sounding\\ndetail of public service so often seen spread over every inch of crumbling\\nold tombstones. The grotesque emblems of skull, cross-bones, and hour-glass\\nbugbears to frighten children change in a generation or two to weeping-\\nwilluws, urns, and winged cherubs. These are in turn discarded for sculp-\\ntured types of angels, lambs, doves, and lilies; of broken columns and chap-\\nlets. This departure from the horrible for the beautiful is not matter for\\nregret. Li these symbols we get all the religion of the place, and Death is\\nrobbed of halfhis n ])ulsiveness.\\nWillinm Ellery Channing, tlio iiastor of Old Federal Street, Roston, was one of the most\\ngifted and eloquent men the American jjulpit lias produced. lie married the old signer s daugh-\\nter, and bore his name.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0412.jp2"}, "409": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT CEMETERIES.\\n401\\nOn a grassy knoll in Rhode Island Cemetery the visitor sees the granite\\nobelisk, erected by the State to the memory of the victorious young captain\\nwho, at twenty-seven, gained impei ishable i-enown. Ardent, chivalrous, and\\nbrave, Perry showed the true inspii-a-\\ntion of battle in taking his flag to a ship\\nstill able to light. His laconic dispatch,\\nWe have met the enemy, and they are\\nours, is modestly exultant. The mar-\\nble tablet of the monument s east face\\nlias the words,\\nOLIVER HAZARD PERRY.\\nAt the Age of Twenty-seven Years,\\nHe Achieved\\nThe Victory of Lake Erie,\\nSeptember lo, 1813. Mu^LMl.^i.\\nWithin the neat iron fence that surrounds the monument are also the\\ngraves of Perry s Midow, Elizabeth Champlin, and of his eldest son, Chris-\\ntopher Grant Periy, with the fresher one of Rev, Francis Vinton, whose wife\\nwas a daughter of the naval hero, PVom this spot the bay and all ancient\\nNewport are visible. Another\\nmonument in the cemetery is in\\nmemory of General Isaac Ingalls\\nStevens, dead on the field of\\nhonoi\\nA prevailing ingredient of\\nNewport society in the olden\\ndays was, doubtless, the Quaker\\nelement. As the religious asy-\\nlum of New England, it alike re-\\nceived Jew and Gentile, Quaker\\nand Anaba))tist, followers of the\\nChurch of England and of Rome.\\nIts complexion at the beginning\\nof the eighteenth century might\\nbe in harmony with I eligious\\nfreedom, though little homoge-\\nneous and although there was\\nplenty of toleration, its religious\\ncharacter has been vaunted overmuch. It commands a passing thought that\\nOLIVER HAZARD PERRY.\\nThe other faces of Commodore Perry s monument recite his age. birthphice, etc. He was\\nborn at South Kingston in 1785, and died at Port Spain, Trinidad, 1811). According to a resolve\\nof Congress ins remains were conveyed, in 1826, in an armed vessel to the United States.\\n26", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0413.jp2"}, "410": {"fulltext": "402\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nfriends meeting-house.\\nall these human components intermingling and assimilating in the active\\nduties of lite, separate in death. Their burial must be distinct.\\nThe Quaker-meeting has contributed to our vocabulary a synonyin for\\ndullness. Old En-\\ngland and New were\\nin accord in perse-\\ncuting the sect. It\\nis related of a num-\\nber under sentence\\nof banishment to\\nAmerica, that sol-\\ndiers from the Tow-\\ner carried them on\\nboard the ships, the\\nFi-iends refusing to\\nAvalk and the sailors\\nto hoist them on\\nboard. In the year\\n1062 Hannali AYriglit came from Long Island, several hundred miles to the\\nbloody town of jjoston, into the court, and warned the magistrates to spill\\nno more innocent blood. They were at first abashed by the solemn fervor of\\ntlieir accuser, until Rawson, the secretary, exclaimed, What! Shall we be\\nbaffled by such a one as this? Come, let us drink a dram.\\nThe suffei ings of the Friends in New England were heightened, no doubt,\\nby the zeal of some to embrace martyrdom, who, in giving way to the\\npromptings of religious fanaticism, outraged public decency, and shamed the\\nname of modesty in woman, Deborah Wilson went through the streets of\\nSalem naked as she came into the world, for which she was well whii)ped.\\nTwo other (Quaker women, says jMather, were whipped in Boston, wlio came\\nas stark naked as ever they were born into our ])ublic assemblies. This\\nexhibition was meant to be a sign of religious nakedness in others; but the\\nI liritans ])reic rred to consider it an olVense against good morals, and not a\\nGodiva-like jK nance for the gcnei al sinfulness.\\nThe Society ot Friends is the youngest of the four surviving societies\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0which date from the lletoi mation, and is, without doul)t, the sternest j^rotest\\nagainst the ceremonial religion of Koine. George Fox, Avho pivat^lied at\\nWlien appealed to by tlie United Colonies in Ifin? to punish Quakers, Rhode Island objected\\nthat no law of that colony sanctit)ncd it. The ])iesident, Hcnedict Arnold, however, rc])lied that\\nhe (and the other magistrates) conceived the Quaker doctrines tended to very absolute cutting\\ndown and overturning relations and civil government among men. lie urged as a measure of\\npublic policy that the Quakers should not be molested, as they would not remain where the civil\\nauthority did not persecute tlieni. This has, in fact, been the history of this sect in New England.\\nSee Arnold s letter, lliitchiiison. vol. i., a]ipcudi.\\\\.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0414.jp2"}, "411": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT CEMETERIES.\\n403\\nNewport, was the sou of a Leicester-\\nshire weaver, beginning his public as-\\nsertion of religious sentiments at the\\nage of twenty-two. The pillory some-\\ntimes served him for a pulpit. He\\nonce preached with such power to the\\npopulace that they rescued him in a\\ntumultuous manner, setting a clergy-\\nman who had been instrumental in his\\npunishment upon the same pillory.\\nPagan superstition having origi-\\nnated most of the names bestowed\\nby custom on the days and months,\\nthe Friends ignore them, substituting\\nin their place tirst day and first\\nmonth, second day and second\\nmonth for those occurring at the be-\\nginning of our calendar. The Society\\ndoes not sanction appeals by its mem-\\nbers to courts of law, but refers dis-\\nputes to arbitration, a practice well\\nworthy imitation.\\nGeorge Fox mentions in his Journal his interview in England with Si-\\nmon Bradstreet and Rev. John Norton, the agents whom Massachusetts had\\nsent over in answer to the command of Charles II. Says Fox, We had sev-\\neral discourses with them concerning their murdering our friends, but they\\nwere ashamed to stand to their bloody actions. I asked Simon Bradstreet, one\\nof the New England magistrates, whether he had not an hand in putting to\\ndeath these four whom tliey hanged for being Quakers? He confessed he had.\\nI then demanded of him and liis associates then present if they acknowledged\\nthemselves subject to the laws of England? They said they did. I then\\nsaid by what law lo you put our friends to death? They answered, By the\\nsame law as the Jesuits were put to death in England. I then asked if those\\nFriends were Jesuits Tliey said nay. Then, said I, ye have murdered them,\\nGeorge Fox was in Rhode Island in 1072. On arriving at Newport, he went to the house\\nof Nicholas Easton, who was then governor, and remained there during his sojourn. A yearly\\nmeeting of all the Friends in New England was held while he remained in Newport. George\\nFox his Journal, London, 1709.\\nJosselvn mentions the sect Narraganset Bay, within which bay is Rhode Island, a harbor\\nfor the Shunamitish Brethren, as the saints errant, the Quakers, who are rather to be esteemed\\nvagabonds than religious persons. He also attributes to them dealings in witchcraft. Whittier,\\nthe Quaker poet, has depicted in stirring verse the persecutions of this people. Cassandra South-\\nwick is from real life.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0415.jp2"}, "412": {"fulltext": "404\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe first Quakers came to Rhode Island in 1656. Roger Williams, in his\\nGeorge Fox digged out of his Burrowes, shows that tolerance did not go so\\nfar with him as the Quaker fashion of wearing the hair long and flowing.\\nSpeaking of one he met who accosted him with the salutation, Fear the\\nLord God, Williams says he retorted, What God dost thou mean a ruf-\\nfian s God? Through Fox s preaching some of Cromwell s soldiers became\\nconverted, and would not fight. He lies in the old London burying-ground\\nof Bunhill Fields, among the Dissenters.\\nThe objection of the sect to sepulchral stones leaves little to be remarked\\nof the Quaker burying-ground in Newport.^ Notwithstanding the non-re-\\nsistant principles of the Friends, it stands in strong light that Nathaniel\\nGreene, a Quaker, and Oliver Hazard PeiM-y, the descendant of a Quaker,\\nwere conspicuous figures in two of our wars. Few innovations have ap-\\npeared in the manners, customs, or dress of the followers of George Fox.\\nTheir broad-brims, sober garb, and sedate carriage, their thee and thou,\\nmay still occasionally be seen and heard in Newport streets.\\nNewport contains several widely scattered burial-places, some of them\\nhardly more in appearance than family groups of graves. Not all exhibit\\nthe care bestowed upon such as are more prominently before the public eye.\\nThe little Clifton cemetery, at the head of Golden Hill Street, was in a\\nwretched pliglit. A crazy wooden paling afforded little or no protection\\nfrom intrusion. But there Avas no\\nincentive to linger among its few\\ncorroded monuments and accumu-\\nlated rubbish. Here are buried the\\nWantons, of whom Edward, the an-\\ncestor of tlie name in Newport, fled\\nIVom Scituate, ]\\\\rassachusetts, during\\nthe Quaker persecutions.\\nWhen Washington was at Cam-\\nbridge, besieging Boston, he sent\\nCharles Lee to look after those of\\nKliode Island who were still for\\nKing George. Leo administered to\\nthe Tories who would take it an oath\\nas whimsical as characteristic. He\\nciiAUT.Es i.EE. knew the fondness of these old roy-\\nalists for old wine, good dinners, and fine raiment. They were required to\\nStones giving siinply the nnnic iitul date of decease arc now allowed.\\nIn 17()H M. de Subeix H) e solicited of liis Government the means of attempting an enterprise\\nagainst the island of Uhodc Island. lie says, Cette isle est habite e par dcs Coakers qui sent\\ntons gens riches.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0416.jp2"}, "413": {"fulltext": "NEWPORT CEMETERIES. 405\\nswear fidelity to the Whig cause by their liope of present ease and comfort,\\nas well as the dread herealter. Colonel Wanton refused the oath, and was,\\nI presume, of those whom Lee had taken to Providence with the threat of\\nforwarding them to the American camp.\\nAnother isolated field of graves is that usually called the Coddington\\nburial-ground, containing the remains of Governor Coddington and kindred.\\nA stone erected on the second centennial anniversary of the settlement of\\nNewport, compresses in a few lines the chief events of his history:\\nTo the memory of William Coddington, Esq., that illustrious man who\\nfirst purchased this island from the Narraganset sachems, Canonicus and\\nMiantonimo, for and on account of himself and seventeen others, his associates\\nin the purchase and settlement. He presided many years as Chief Magis-\\ntrate of the Island and Colony of Rhode Island, and died, much respected\\nand lamented, November 1st, 1678, aged 78 years.\\nLechford, in his Plain Dealing, relates a circumstance that has caused\\nsome inquiry into the ecclesiastical polity of Coddington and his associates.\\nThere lately, he says, they whipt one master Gorton, a grave man, for\\ndenying their powei and abusing some of their magistrates with uncivill\\ntearmes; the governor, master Coddington, saying in court, You that are\\nfor the king, lay hold on Gorton and he again, on the other side, called forth,\\nAll you that are foi the king, lay hold on Coddington. Whereupon Gor-\\nton was banished the island. Gorton was the founder of Warwick, Rhode\\nIsland.\\nThere is a little inclosure at the upper end of Thames Street in which is a\\ngranite obelisk to the memory of John Coggeshall, president of the planta-\\ntions under their first patent. The name was originally Coxehall. It is the\\nsame John Coggeshall briefly met witli in the trial scene, to whom a lineal\\ndescendant has raised this monument.\\nOther burial-places may be enumerated, but that lying in the shadow of\\nTrinity Church is probably first to challenge the attention of such as seek to\\nread the annals of the past on memorial stones. The church steeple, with\\ngilded crown on the pinnacle how these chui-chmen love the old emblems\\nwas in full view from my window, slender and graceful, the gilded vane\\nflashing in the morning sun, itself a monument of its ancient flock below.\\nHere are the names of Hunter, of Kay, of Ilonyman, and of Malbone all\\nare to be met with in Newport streets or annals. The presence of foreign\\narmies on the isle is emphasized by the burial of French and British oflicers\\nin this church-yard. A few family escutcheons designate the ancient adher-\\nence to the dogma that all men were not created politically free and equal.\\nOne of the unaccustomed objects the stranger sees in peering through the\\nHere also is the grave of Governor Henry Bull, who died in 1093, and whose ancient stone\\nhouse is now standing in Thames, near Sherman street.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0417.jp2"}, "414": {"fulltext": "406 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nrailings of these old cliurcb -yards is the blazonry of which the possessors\\nwere once so proud, and which is now carried with them to their graves. la\\ncavities where leaden coats of arms have once been imbedded are little ba-\\nsins to catch the rain, where careless sparrows drink and take their morning\\nbaths, twittering and chirruping among the homesteads of the dead.\\nStuart, who was fond of rambling through the old grave-yards, reading\\nthe inscriptions, went to Trinity. He mentions his pew, and the sweetness\\nof the organ, the gift of Berkeley. The painter had a Scotsman s inordinate\\nfondness for snuif, and would be most naturally drawn with palette iu one\\nhand and a huge pinch of snuif in the other. A resident of the same street\\nonce told me that when Stuart s table-cloth was shaken out at the window\\nthe whole street sneezed. He was a good talker and listener, though crabbed\\nand eccentric to a degree.\\nI venture to contribute to the already portentous number the following\\nanecdote of Stuart Dining one day at the house of Josiah Quincy, his at-\\ntention was attracted by an engraving of West s Battle of the Boyne.\\nAh said Stuart, I was studying with West when he was at work on\\nthat picture, and had to lie for hours on the floor, dressed in armor, for him\\nto paint me in the foreground as the Duke of Schomberg. At last West said,\\nAre you dead, Stuart Only half, sir, was my reply and my answer was\\ntrue for the stiflhess of the armor almost deprived me of sensation. Then I\\nliad to sit for hours on a horse belonging to King George, to represent King\\nWilliam. After the painting was finished, an Irishman who saw it observed\\nto West, You have the battle-ground there correct enougli, but where is the\\nmonument? I was in Ireland the other day and saw it. He expected to see\\na memorial of the battle in a representation of its commencement.\\nIn the yard of the Congregational Church in Spring Street is a slate\\ngrave-stone to the memory of Dr. Samuel Hopkins, settled as pastor of the\\nFirst Congregational Church of Newport, in 1770. At first his sentiments\\nwere so little pleasing to his people that it was voted by the church not to\\ngive him a call; but the doctor preached a farewell sermon of such beauty\\natid impressivcness that the vote was recalled, and Hopkins consented to\\nremain. The salient points of his character have furnislied the hero for Airs.\\nStowe s jMinister s Wooing. The First Congregational Cliureh of Xew-\\n])ort was established in 1 720.\\nStuart was in Boston at tlie time of tlie Nattle of Lexington, and managed to escape a few\\ndays after Bunker Hill. His ol)itnarv in the Boston Dailij Advertiser, a very noble tribute from\\none man of genius to another, was written by Ailslon.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0418.jp2"}, "415": {"fulltext": "MOUNT HOPE.\\nCHAPTER XXVI.\\nTO MOLXT HOPE, AXD BEYOND.\\nLa mattina al monte, e la sera al fonte. Italian Proverb.\\n1% FOHAMMED, it is said, on viewing the delicious and alluring situation of\\nDamascus, would not enter that city, but turned away with the excla-\\nmation, There is but one paradise for man, and I am determined to have\\nmine in the other world.\\nI started on my morning walk up the island just as the clocks were strik-\\ning eight. Spring comes in Newport veiy early and very verdant. The\\nbloom of orchard and of lilac greeted me. At every step I crushed the per-\\nfume out of violets blossoming in the strip of greensward that bordered the\\nbroad band of road. I often looked back upon the fortunate city, mounting\\nthe green slopes and scattering itself among the quiet fields. The last point\\nof land was visible even down to Point Judith. A faint roll of drums reached\\nme from the fort. Good-bye to a pleasant place! I felt, in turning away,\\nthat if Damascus had been like Newport, I should have entered Damascus.\\nDistant about a mile from Newport is Tonomy, or more properly\\nMiantonimo Hill. It is the highest elevation in the southern i)art of the isl-\\nand, receiving its name as the seat of a sachem. Some remains of field-works\\nare seen on its slopes.^\\nIt was the fortress of the British left wing. Two large and elegant countiy houses at its\\nbase, included within the lines, were occupied by the officers.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0419.jp2"}, "416": {"fulltext": "408\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nNear the southern foot of Miantonimo Hill is the olJ Malbone place, the\\nsite of a colonial mansion celebrated in its day as the finest in Newport. It\\nwas destroyed by fire rather more than a century ago. Tradition avers that\\nColonel Godfrey Malbone, seeing- his house in flames, ordered the table re-\\nmoved to the lawn, and coolly finished his dinner there. It was a two-story\\nstone-built house, which had cost the owner a hundred thousand dollars.\\nMany are tlie dark, vague, and mysterious liints let fall from time to time\\nrelative to the life\\nof Malbone. As a\\nmerchant his ven-\\ntures are said to\\nhave been lawless\\neven for his law-\\nless age. His cor-\\nsairs preyed upon\\nthe commerce of\\nFrenchman or\\nSpaniard without\\nregard for treaties.\\nRum and slaves\\nwere the commod-\\nities in which the\\nNewport of his\\ntime ti afficked\\nlargely. Smug-\\ngling was hardly\\ndeemed dishonor-\\nable in a mer-\\nchant. As con-\\niirmiiig this easy\\ncondition of com-\\nmercial virtue, a\\nwiiter mentions\\nhaving seen in\\nMalbone s garden\\nthe entrance of\\none of those subterranean passages leading to the shore I liave so often un-\\nearthed.\\nDuring the French war of George II., Newport, from its beginning to the\\nyear 1744, liad armed and sent to sea more tlian a score of privateers. It\\nwas called the nursery of corsairs. It was also cnlled rich and the French,\\nin planning its capture, facilitated by the information of a resident French\\nmerchant, a sj\u00c2\u00bby, calculated on levying a heavy contribution. Pei-hnps we", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0420.jp2"}, "417": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\n409\\nhad better burn it, as a pernicious hole, from the number of privateers there\\nfitted out, as dangerous in peace as in war; being a sort of freebooter, who\\nconfiscates d tord et d travers,^ say they. These harsh expressions sound\\nstrangely unfamiliar when contrasted with French panegyric of the next gen-\\neration.\\nEdward G. Malbone, a natural son, belonged to a collateral branch of the\\nfamily.* Newport was the birthplace of this exquisite miniature painter and\\nmost refined of men. This refinement\\nappears in his works, which are full of\\nartistic grace and dainty delicacy. Lit-\\ntle of his life was passed here, though\\nthat little is much prized by all who\\nknow his worth as a man. Allston and\\nMalbone are said to have worked to-\\ngether in Newport as pupils of Samuel\\nKing, beginning thus the friendshij^ that\\nso long subsisted between them.\\nAbout midway of the island, on the\\neastern shore, is\\nThe Glen, once\\nmore frequented\\nthan at present.\\nA line carried\\nacross the island\\nfrom this point\\nwould pass near\\nthe old farmstead,\\nwhich was the\\nquarters of tlie\\nBritish general,\\nPrescott. It is\\non the west road\\nleading b} the\\nmost direct route\\nfrom Newport to\\nBristol Ferry.\\nColonel Barton, whose station was at Tiverton, conceived the idea of re-\\nleasing General Lee, then a prisoner, by securing General Prescott. Having\\nmatured his plans, he crossed over to Warwick Neck, where he was detained\\ntwo days by a violent storm. AVith him were forty volunteers, who maimed\\nfive whale-boats. The enemy were then in possession of both Canonicut and\\nA RHODE ISLAND WINDMILL.\\nHe was the son of John, the son of Godfrey Msilboue.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0421.jp2"}, "418": {"fulltext": "410\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWILLIAM BARTON.\\nPrudence islands, with some shipping lying under the little isle, called Hope,\\nwhich is between Prudenc.-e and the western shore of the bay.\\nOn the night of the 9th of July, 1777, every thing being favorable. Barton\\ninformed his men for the lirst time where they were going. His party em-\\nbarked in their boats, rowing between\\nPatience and Prudence in order to elude\\nthe enemy s guard-boats. Meeting with\\nno obstacle, they coasted the west shore\\nof Prudence, passed around the southern\\nend, and landed on Rhode Island. They\\nthen pushed on for Overing s liouse,\\nwhere they knew General Prescott was\\nto be found.\\nThe sentinel on duty was quickly\\nseized and disarmed, and the house sur-\\nrounded. On entering General Prescott s\\nchamber. Barton saw him rising from his\\nbed.\\nAre you General Prescott?\\nYes, sir.\\nThen you are my prisoner.\\nThe general was allowed to lialf dress himself, and was then conducted to\\nthe boats. His aid, Major Barrington, had also been taken. Arrived at the\\nshore, General Prescott finished his toilet in the open air. Soon after leaving\\nthe island the alarm was given in the British camp. Sir, said Prescott to\\nBarton, as they stepped ashore at Warwick Neck, you have made a d d\\nbold push to-night. Tlie Americans hail returned in just six and a half\\nhours from the time they set out.\\nWhile on his way to the American\\nlioad quarters, Prescott was horse-\\nwhipped by an innkeeper whom he\\ninsulted. The situation of the house\\nfrom which he was carried off is eas-\\nily distinguished by the pond before\\nit, whose overflow falls in a miniature\\ncascade into the road. Very little,\\nif any, of the original buihliiig is re-\\nmaining.\\nTalbot s achievement the next\\nyear was in carrying otl a British\\narmed vessel, the PUjot^ that guard-\\ned Seconnet Passage and the com-\\nmunication between the islands and", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0422.jp2"}, "419": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\n411\\nthe main-land. With a few troops from the camp at Providence he manned\\na small vessel and set sail. On coming near the Plgot^ Talbot caused his\\nvessel to drift down upon her, when he carried her by boarding. He took his\\nprize successfully into Stonington.\\nThe absence of forest-trees on the island gives it a general resemblance to\\nthe rolling prairie of the West. The slopes are gracefully rounded as the\\nVermont hills ground-swells, over which the road rises or descends in reg-\\nular irregularity. Over this road that discarded vehicle, the stage-coach, once\\nrolled and lurched, and was more wondered at than the train that now rat-\\ntles along under the hills by the shore.\\ntrescott s head-quarters.\\nIt is said that Dexter Brown, an enterprising man, set up a four-horse\\nstage-coach between Boston and Providence as early as 1772. When well\\nregulated, it left Providence every Monday, and arrived in Boston on Tues-\\nday night; returning, it left Boston on Thursday, reaching Providence on\\nFriday night. The coach was chiefly patronized by people who visited New-\\nport for their health. On a long route, the change from one coach into an-\\nother, equally cramped, might not inaptly be said to resemble an exchange\\nof prisoners.\\nAll travelers here have remarked on the productiveness of Rhode Island.\\nIts dairies and its poultry have always been celebrated. Orchards bursting\\nwith blossoms somewhat relieved the bare aspect of the hills. Fields of\\nspinach and of clover varied the coloring of the pastures, which Avere shaded\\noff on cool slopes into the dark green of Kentucky blue -grass. Groups of", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0423.jp2"}, "420": {"fulltext": "412\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nlu:,. i,rit %q;V-\\nAGRICULTUKAL, PKO PEUITY.\\nbrown hay-ricks, left from the winter s store, stood impaled in barn-yards.\\nFlocks of geese waddled by the roadside. Ox-teams, market-men, boys with\\ndroves of pigs, made the whole\\nway a pastoral. On lifting the\\neye from the yellow band of\\nroad a windmill would be seen\\nwith its long arms beating the\\nair. I liked to walk througli\\nthe green lanes that led up to\\nthem, and hold brief chat with\\nthe boy or maid of the mill. I\\nshall never look at one without\\nthinking of Don Quixote and\\nof Sancho Panza. The lack of\\nstreams and water-power is thus\\nsupplied by air -currents and\\nM ind-power. It is an ill wind\\nindeed that blows nobody good\\non Rhode Island.\\nI have said nothing of the fish-market of the island, and that market is of\\ncourse centred in Newport. Dr. Dwight enumerates twenty-six diflerent\\nspecies, to be found in tlieir season. Sheep s-head, considered superior to tur-\\nbot, were sometimes caught oft Hanging Rocks, Blackfish (tautog) and scup,\\nor scuppaug, are much esteemed. When I was last on the island, the fish-\\nermen were emptying their seines of the scup, wliich were so ])lenty as to be\\nalmost valueless, a string of fine fisli, ready di-essed, bringing only twelve\\ncents. The flesh of a tautog is very firm, and he will live a k)ng time out of\\nwater. The boats used here by fishermen ha\\\\e the mast well forward, in the\\nmanner known to ex])erts along shore as the Newport rig. Formerly they\\nused pinkeys, or Chebacco boats, so called from a famous fishing precinct\\nof Essex County, Massacliusetts.\\nTlie quartz imbedded in the stone makes the roadside walls appear as if\\ns))lashed with whitewash. I saw few ledges from Newport to Lawton s Val-\\nley. Tlie stones brought up by the plow^ were all small and flat, but at tlie\\nupper end of the island I observed they were the round masses or pebbles\\nmet with on the opposite main-land. There is also on the western shore a coal\\nvein of inferior quality. The dust from it mingles witli that of the road be-\\nfore you arrive at Bristol ferry.\\nI made a brief halt at the old grass-grown earth-work on the crest of the\\nhill overlooking Lawton s Valley. No wayfarer should lose the rare views\\nto be had here. The fort forms a throne from which the Queen of Aquid-\\nneck, a voluptuous rather than virgin princess, a Cleopatra rather than an\\nElizabeth, might beliold her empire. At the foot of the hill is the remark-", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0424.jp2"}, "421": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\n413\\nable vale intersecting the island, sprinkled with cottages among orchards\\non the left, part of Canonicut and all of Prudence lie outstretched along the\\nsunny bay; farther north the steeples of Bristol distinctly, and of Providence\\ndimly, are seen to the right Mount Hope, Tiverton, and perhaps a faint\\nspectral chimney or two at Fall River. The long dark line on the water\\nfrom the island to Tiverton is the stone bridge.\\nTurning to the southward is the battle-field of 1778, where Sullivan and\\nGreene fought with Pigot and Prescott, and where Lafayette, though he had\\nridden from Boston in six hours, was not. This campaign, begun so auspi-\\nciously, terminated ingloriously. New England had been aroused to arms.\\nMen of all ranks of society shouldered their firelocks and marched. Volun-\\nteers from Newburyport, a company of the first merchants of Salem, artillery\\nand infantry corps from Boston, thronged the roads to Sullivan s camp. It\\nwas a good and salutary lesson to the Americans, not to put their faith in\\nFrench appearances.^\\nFROM BUiiS HILL, LUOivINt. ^OKlH\\nWhen Coddington and his associates determined to remove from Massa-\\nchusetts, they meant to settle upon Long Island or in Delaware Bay. While\\ntheir vessel was making the dangerous passage around Cape Cod without\\nthem, they came by land to Providence, where Mr. Williams courteously en-\\ntertained and afterward infiuenced them to settle upon the Isle of Aquidneck.\\nPlvmouth having disclaimed jurisdiction over it, and promised to look upon\\nand assist them as loving neighbors, in March, 1637-38, the exiles organized\\ntheir political community upon the northern end of the island. Sir H.Vane\\nand Roger Williams were instrumental in procuring Rhode Island from the\\nNarraganset chieftains, Miantonimo and Canonicus. By the next spring their\\nThe first bridge spanning what was known as Howland s Ferry was completed in ITOf). It\\nwas of wood, destroyed and swept to sea by a storm; rebuilt, and again destroyed by worms. The\\npresent stone structure was built in 1809-10, and, though injured by the gale of 1815, stands firm.\\nThe battle was fought in the valley below Quaker, sometimes called Meeting-house, Hill. Sul-\\nlivan commanded in chief, though Greene is entitled to a large share of the credit of repulsing the\\nBritish attack. It was a well-fought action. Pigot, by British accounts, had six thousand regular\\ntroops. Lafayette was mad as a March hare at their fighting without him.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0425.jp2"}, "422": {"fulltext": "414\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nQUAKER HILL FKOM BUTTS S HILL, LOOKING SOUTH.\\nnumbers were so much augmented that some of the settlers removed to tlie\\nsoutliern or western shores. The island was divided into two townships\\nPortsmouth, which now engrosses its upper half, and Newport. In 1644\\nthey named it the Isle of Rhodes, which was merely exchanging one pagan\\nname for another.\\nMount Hope is scarcely more than two hundred feet high, though in its\\nisolation it looks higher. It is comraandingly situated on a point of land on\\nthe eastern shore of Bristol Neck, giving its name to a broad expanse of wa-\\nter that receives Taunton River in its course to the sea. On the eastern side\\nthe hill is precipitous, vastly more so than Horse Neck, down which the val-\\niant Putnam urged his steed when pursued by British dragoons. Down this\\ndeclivity Pliilip is said to have rolled like a cask when surprised by white\\nenemies. Here, on the shores of Taunton River, is the scene of those hand-to-\\nhand encounters between settler and savage in Avhich the old historians are\\nwont to mix up gunpowder with religion so perplexodl3\\\\ In those days the\\nfall of a red chieftain on the huntin r-Qri-ounds of his fathers was hailed as a\\n111 I i; liuoiNi) or AcousT 2 J, ITTS.\\nLechfoid, writing between 1G37 and 1C41, says: At the island called Aquedney are about\\ntwo hundred families. There was a church where one Master Clark was elder: the place where\\nthe church was is called Newi ort, but that church, I hear, is now dissolved. At the other end of\\nthe island there is another town called I ortsmouth, but no churcli. Those of the island have a\\npretended civil government of tlieir own erection without the icing s j)atent.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0426.jp2"}, "423": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\n415\\nspecial providence. JMount Hope was the sequel of Samoset s Welcome,\\nEnglishmen.\\nBy the river, in the forked branches of blasted sycamores, the fish-hawk\\nbuilds and broods. Their nests are made of dried eel-grass from the shore\\ninterwoven with twigs. The shrill scream of the female at my coming was\\nanswered by the cry of the male, who left his fishing out on the river at the\\nfirst signal of distress. An old traveler says this bird sometimes seems to lie\\nexpanded on the water, he hovers so close to it. Having by some attractive\\npower drawn the fish witliin his reach, he darts suddenly upon them. The\\ncharm he luakes use of is supposed to be an oil contained in a small bag in\\nthe body. In defense of his mate and her young the bird seems to forget\\nfear.\\nAfter many agreeable surprises already encountered, I was unprepared\\nfor what I saw from the summit of Mount Hope. I felt it was good to be\\nthere. Every town in Rhode Island\\nis said to be visible. All the islands\\ndispersed about tlie bay are revealed\\nat a glance. Glimmering in the dis-\\ntance was Providence. On the farther\\nshore of Mount Hope Bay, Fall River\\nappeared niched in the sheer side of a\\ngranite ledge. Here were Warren and\\nBristol, there Warwick; and, far down\\nthe greater bay, Newport was swathed\\nin a hazy cloud. I had made a long\\nwalk, yet felt no fatigue, on the top of\\nMount Hope.\\nNear the brow of the hill Philip fixed\\nhis wigwam and held his dusky court.\\nHe has had Irving for his biographer,\\nSouthey for his bard, and Forrest for his\\nideal representative. In his own time he\\nwas the public enemy whom any should\\nslay in ours he is considered as a mar-\\ntyr to the idea of liberty\u00e2\u0080\u0094 his idea of liberty not differing from that of\\nTell and Toussaint, whom we call heroes.\\nPliilip did not comprehend the religion of the whites, but as he under-\\nstood their policy he naturally distrusted their faith. Wlicn the propliet\\nEliot preached to him, he went up to that good man, and, pulling oft a but-\\nton from his doublet, said he valued his discourse as little as the piece of\\nbrass the monster exclaims pious Cotton Mather,\\nSuch hills as Mount Hope were the settlers sun-dials, when clocks and\\nwatches were luxuries known only to the wealthy few. The crest is a green\\nKING PHILIP, FROM AN OLD PRINT.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0427.jp2"}, "424": {"fulltext": "416\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nnipple, having qnavtz cropping out evevywlieve in fact, the basis of the hill\\nis nearly a solid mass of quartz. Between the site of Philip s wigwam and\\nthe shore, where the escarpment is fifty feet, is a natural excavation, five or\\nsix feet from the ground, called Philip s Throne. A small grass-plot is be-\\nfore it, and at its foot trickles a never- failing spring of water, known as\\nPliilip s Spring.\\nThe manner of Philip s death, as given in Church s history, is considered\\nauthentic. Church s party crossed the ferry, and reached Mount Hope about\\nmidnight. Detachments were placed in ambush at all the avenues of escape.\\nCaptain Golding, with a number of picked men and a guide, was ordered to\\nassault the stronghold by break of day. One of Philij^s Indians having\\nshowed himself, Golding fired a volley into the camp. The Indians then\\nfled to the neighboring swamp, Philip the foremost. Having gained the\\nshore, he ran directly upon Church s ambuscade. An Englishman snapped\\nhis gun at him without effect, when his companion, one of Church s Indian\\nsoldiers, sent a bullet through the heart of the chief He fell on his face in\\nthe mud and water, with his gun under him. After the fight was over,\\nChurch ordered the body to be quartered and decapitated. The executioner\\nwas also an Indian, and before he struck the body made a short speech to it.\\nPhilip s head was taken to Plymouth in triumph, where, arriving on the very\\nday the church was keeping a solemn thanksgiving, in the words of Mather,\\nGod sent em in the head of a leviathan for a thanksgiving feast.\\nI made the ascent of Mount Hope from the south, where it is gi-adiuil but\\non the west, where I descended, I found it abrupt, and covered with a grove\\nof oak-trees sprinkled with stones among fern. With the exception of a few\\ntumble-down stone walls that cross it, and now and then a cow quietly crop-\\nping the herbage, it is as wild as when it Avas the eyrie of the proud-spirited\\nchieftain, the Last of the Wampanoags.\\nAt Bristol the railway will set you down o])posite to Fall Piver, or by\\nreturning to Bristol ferry you may\\ntake, on the Phode Islaiul side, the\\nrail for Dighton and its sculptured\\nrock. This rock, which has puzzled\\nso many learned brains both of the\\nOld World and the New, lies near\\nthe eastern shore of Taunton Piver,\\nopposite Digliton wharves.\\nI wanted two things in Dighton\\ndirection to the rock, and a skiif to\\ncross the river to it. An ancient builder of boats, very tall and very lank,\\nINSCRIPTION ON DIOllTON lUHK.\\nTo be exact, tlie shores ndjiiceiU to tlic rock arc in tlic town of Berkeley, formerly part of\\nDij^htoii.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0428.jp2"}, "425": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND. 41 7\\nhaving his adze in liis hand and his admeasurements chalked on the toes of\\nhis boots, supplied me witli both.\\nWhat on airth do you want to look at that rock for? he expostulated\\nrather than questioned. I d as lief look at the side of that house, pointing\\nto his work-shop.\\nYou do not seem to value your archseological remains ovei-rauch, I sub-\\nmitted.\\nBless you, I knew a gal born and brought up right in sight of that air\\nrock, who got married and went to Baltimore to live, without ever having sot\\neyes on it. When she had staid there a spell she heard so much about Diirh-\\nton Rock, she came all the way back a purpose to see it. I^ee-male curiosity,\\nyou see, sir.\\nThe river is half a mile broad at Dighton, with low, uninteresting shores.\\nThe Writing Rock, a large boulder of fine-grained greenstone, is submerge^\\neither wholly or in part by the tidal flow, but when uncovered presents a\\nsmooth face, slightly inclined toward the open river. When so close as to lay\\nhold of it, you are aware of faint impressions on its surface, yet these have be-\\ncome so nearly efiaced by the action of the tides and the chafing of drift ice\\nas to be fragmentary, and therefore disappointing. As is usual, the action of\\nthe salt air has turned this, as other rocks by the shores, to a dusky red color.\\nSeventy years ago the characters or lines traced on the rock were by actual\\nmeasurement an inch in breadth by half an inch in depth, and distinct enough\\nto attract attention from the decks of passing vessels.\\nThe rock is first mentioned, says Schoolcraft, in a sermon of Dr. Danforth,\\nof 1680. The river had then been frequented by white men for sixty years.\\nIt is next alluded to in the dedication of a sermon to Sir H. Ashurst by Cotton\\nMather, in these words: Among the other curiosities of Xew England one\\nis that of a mighty rock, on a perpendicular side whereof, by a river which at\\nhigh tide covers part of it, there are very deeply engraved, no man alive\\nknows how or when, about half a score lines near ten foot long and a foot\\nand a half broad, filled with strange characters, which would suggest as odd\\nthoughts about them that were here before us as there are odd shapes in that\\nelaborate monument, whereof you shall see the first line transcribed here.\\nIn the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, cov-\\nering a period from 1700 to 1720, are several communications from Cotton\\nMather, one of which (part iv., p. 112) is as follows:\\nAt Taunton, by the side of a tiding river, part in, part out of the river,\\nis a large Rock; on the perpendicular side of whicli, next to the Stream, are\\nseven or eight lines, about seven or eight foot long, and about a foot wide,\\neach of them ingraven Avith unaccountable characters, not like any known\\ncharacter.\\nA copy of the inscription, made by Professor Sewall, is deposited in the Museum at Cambridge.\\n27", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0429.jp2"}, "426": {"fulltext": "418 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nSclioolcvaft believed the Avork to have been performed by Indians. Wasl)-\\nington, who had some knowledge of their hieroglyphics, was of this opinion.\\nDr. Belknap asserts that they were acquainted with sculpture, and also in-\\nstances their descriptive drawings on the bark of trees. Sculptured rocks,\\nof which the origin is unknown, have been found in otiier locations in the\\nUnited States, Since the unsettling of Norse traditions, the characters on\\nDighton Kock are generally admitted to be of Indian creation; but if the\\nwork of white men, it would strengthen the theory of Verazzani s presence\\nin these waters.\\nAnother link of the supposed discovery by Xorthmen w^as the skeleton\\nexhumed about 1834 at Fall River. It was found in a sitting posture, having\\na plate of brass upon its breast, with arrow-heads of the same metal lying-\\nnear, thin, flat, and of triangular shape. The arrows had been contained within\\na quiver of bark, that fell in pieces Avhen exposed to the air. The most re-\\nmarkable thing about the remains Avas a belt encircling the body, composed\\nof brass tubes four and a half inches in length, the width of the belt, and placed\\nclose together longitudinally. The breastplate, belt, and arrow-heads were\\nconsidered so many evidences that the skeleton was that of some Scandinavian\\nwho had died and been buried here by the natives.\\nAn antiquary would of course prize a dead Scandinavian more than many\\nliving ones. These mouldering bones and corroded trinkets were not, how-\\never, the key to Dighton Rock. The mode of sepulture was that practiced\\nby the natives of this continent. In Archer s account of Gosnold s voyage he\\nspeaks of the Indians on the south of Cape Cod as follows:\\nThis day there came unto the ship s side divers canoes, the Indians ap-\\npareled as aforesaid, with tobacco and pipes steeled with copper, skins, arti-\\niicial strings, and other trifles, to barter; one had hanging about his neck a\\nplate of rich coppei-, in length a foot, in breadth half a foot, for a breastplate.\\nJohn Brereton, of the same voyage, tells us more of the Indians of the\\nElizabeth Islands: They have also great store of copper, some very red, and\\nsome of a paler color; none of them but have cliains, ear-rings, or collars of\\nthis metal: tliey liad some of their arrows lierewith, much like our broad\\narrow-heads, very workmanly made. Their chains are many hollow pieces\\ncemented togethei q-m-]\\\\ ])iece of the bigness of one of our reeds, a finger in\\nlength, ten or twelve of them togetlicr on a string, which tliey wear about\\ntheir necks; their collars they wear about their bodies like bandeliers, a hand-\\nful broad, all liollow pieces like the other, but somewhat sliorter, four hun-\\ndred pieces in a collar, very fine and evenly set together. AVere this evi-\\nTheie is another copy, by Jnmes Wintluop; see plate in vol. iii., Memoir American Academy,\\nand description of method of taking it, vol. ii., part ii., p. 126. Many others have been taken,\\nmore or less imperfect the best one recollected is in the hall of the Antiquarian Society, Worcester,\\nMassachusetts.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0430.jp2"}, "427": {"fulltext": "TO MOUNT HOPE, AND BEYOND.\\n419\\ndence less positive, we know from Champlain that tlie Indians would never\\nliave permitted the body of a stranger to remain buried longer than was\\nnecessary to disinter and despoil it. Yerazzani s letter mentions the posses-\\nsion of copper trinkets by the Indians.\\nAbout two miles and a half from Taunton Green is the Leonard Forge,\\nthe oldest in America. The spot is exceedingly picturesque. The brook,\\noverhung by trees, whicli of yore turned the mill-wheel, glides beneath a\\nrustic bridge ere it tumbles over the dam and hurries on to meet the river.\\nJames and Henry Leonard built the forge in 1652.\\nNear the spot is the site of the dwelling they occupied, one of the dis-\\ntinctive old struc-\\ntures of its day.\\nPhilip lived in am-\\nity with the Leon-\\nards, who made for\\nhim spear and ar-\\nrow heads when\\nhe came to hunt at\\nthe Fowling Pond,\\nnot far from the\\nforge, where he had\\na hunting lodge.\\nWhen he had re-\\nsolved to strike\\nthe English, it is\\nsaid he gave strict\\norders not to hurt those Leonards, his good friends of the forge. Traditioa\\nhas it that his head was afterward kept in the house some days.\\nMy pilgrimage among the haunts of the Narragansets and Wampanoags\\nof old fime extended no farther. Setting my fiice again toward the sea, when\\non board one of those floating hotels that i)ly between Fall River and New\\nYork, I thought of the prediction I had cut from the Boston Daily Adver-\\ntiser of just half a century ago: We believe the time will not be far distant\\nwhen a steamboat will be provided to run regularly between New York and\\nTaunton River, to come to Fall River and Dighton, and perhaps to the\\nwharves in Taunton, a mile below the village. This route from New York\\nto Boston would in some respects be preferable to that through Providence.\\nOLD LEU^AKU UOUSE, KAYMIA.M.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0431.jp2"}, "428": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDUX IN Iblo\\nCHAPTER XXVII.\\nNEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\nIt seems that you take pleasure in these walks, sir. Massinger.\\nVTEW LONDON is a city hiding within a river, three miles from its meet-\\ning with the waters of Long Island Sound. On the farthest seaward\\npoint of the western shore is a light-house. Before, and yet a little eastward\\nof the river s mouth, is an island about nine miles long screening it from the\\nfull }DOwer of Atlantic storms, and forming, with Watch Hill, the prolongation\\nof the broken line of land stretching out into the Sound from the northern\\nlimb of the Long Island shore. Through this barrier, thrown across the en-\\ntrance to the Sound, all vessels must i)ass. The island is Fisher s Island. It\\nseems placed on purpose to turn into the Thames all commerce winging its\\nway eastward. Across the western extremity of Fisher s Island, on a fair\\nnight. New London and Montauk lights exchange burning glances. From\\nWatch Hill the low and distant shore of Long Island is easily distinguished\\nby day, and by night its beacon-light flashes nn answer to its twin-brother\\nof iMontauk. These two towers are the Pillars of Hercules of the Sound,\\non w liicli are hung the long and radiant gleams that bridge its gate-way.\\nSouth-w cst of Fisher s Island are the two Gull Islets, on the smallest of\\nWatcli Hill, in the town of Westerly and near JStoninyton, is tin; south-western extremity of\\nRhode Island.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0432.jp2"}, "429": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH. 421\\nwhich is a light -house. The swift tide which washes tliem is called the\\nHorse-race. Next comes Plum Island, separated from the Long Island shore\\nby a narrow and swift channel known as Plum Gut, through which cunning\\nyachtsmen sometimes steer. In 1667, Samuel Wyllys, of Hartford, bought\\nPlum Island for a barrel of biscuit and a hundred awls and fish-hooks.\\nAny one who looks at the long ellipse of water embraced within Long-\\nIsland and the Connecticut shore, and remarks the narrow and obstructed\\nchannel through which it communicates with the Hudson, the chain of islands\\nat its meeting with the ocean on the east, must be impressed with the belief\\nthat he is beholding one of the greatest physical changes that have occurred\\non the New England coast. As it is, Long Island Sound lacks little of being\\nan inland sea. The absence of any certain indications of the channels of the\\nrivers emptying into the Sound west of the Connecticut favors the theory of\\nthe union, at some former time, of Long Island at its western end with the\\nmain-land.\\nTo resume our survey of the coast, we see on the map, about midway be-\\ntween Point Judith and Montauk, the pear-shaped spot of land protruding\\nNEW LONDON UAHBOK, NORTH VIEW.\\nabove the ocean called Block Island. It is about eight miles long, diversified\\nwith abrupt hills and narrow dales, but destitute of trees. A chain of ponds\\nextending from the north and nearly to the centre, with several separate and\\nsmaller ones, constitutes about one-seventh of the island. There is no shi])\\nharbor, and in bad weather iishing-boats are obliged to be hauled on shore,\\nthough the sea-mole in process of construction by Government will afford\\nboth haven and safeguard against the surges of the Atlantic; for the island,\\nhaving no rock foundation, is constantly wasting away. Cottages of wood,\\nwhitewashed every spring, are scattered promiscuously over the island, with\\nwretched roads or lanes to accommodate every dwelling. The total disap-\\npearance of the island has often been predicted, and I recollect when the im-\\nNamed from Captain Adrian Blok, a Dutch navigator. Its Indian name was Manisses.\\nThere aie about twelve hundred inhabitants on this island, all native-born, of whom two hun-\\ndred and seventv-five are voters. There are also six schools, two Baptist churches, and two wind-\\nmills, a hotel, and several summer boarding-houses. Two hundred fishing-boats are owned by the\\nislanders. In 1636 John Oldham, mentioned in our ramble in Plymouth, was murdered here by\\nthe Pequots. Block Island in 1672 was made a township, by the name of New Shoreham.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0433.jp2"}, "430": {"fulltext": "422\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\npvession prevailed to some extent on the main-laud that\\nthe islanders had ordy an eye apiece.\\nAscending now the river toward New London, wind,\\ntide, or steam shall sweep us under the granite battle-\\nments of Fort Trumbull, on the one side, and the grassy\\nmounds of Fort Griswold on the other. Near the latter\\nis standing a monument commemorating the infamy of\\nBenedict Arnold and the heroism of a handful of brave\\nmen sacrificed to what is called the chances of war.\\nNew London is seen straggling up the side of a steep\\nand I ocky hill, dominated by\\n-i three pointed steeples. De-\\nscending from the crest, its\\n,^\u00c2\u00a3^_.4^5fe5si principal street opens like\\nthe mouth of a tunnel at\\nthe water-side into a broad\\nspace, always its market-\\nplace and chief landing.\\nOther avenues follow the\\nnatural shelf above the\\nshore, or find their way de-\\nviously as streams might down the hill-side. The glory of New London is\\nin its trees, though in some streets they stand so thick as to exclude the\\nsun-light, and oppress the wayfarer with the feeling of walking in a church-\\nyard.\\nThe destruction of New London by Arnold s\\ncommand, in 1781, has left little that is suggestive\\nof its beginning. Its English settlement goes no\\nfarther back than 104G. In that year and the next\\na band of pioneers from the Massachusetts colony,\\namong whom was John Winthrop, Jun., built their\\ncottages, and made these wilds echo with t!ie sounds\\nof their industry.\\nNEW LONUU.N I^IGUT.\\nThe two forts, Trumbull nnd Griswold, sire tiiimed from governors of Connecticut. They date\\nfrom the lievolution. Fort Trumliuli in its jiresent form was com])lcted in 1849, under the super-\\nvision of (ieueral (J. W. Ciillum, U. S. A. In jiassiuf, tluongh New London in A])rii, 177(!,\\n(Jeneral Kiiox, hy Washington s direction, examined tlie harbor with the view of erecting forti-\\nfications, and reported, by letter, tliat it would, in connection with Newport, ali ord a safe retreat\\nto tlie American navy or its prizes in any wind that blew.\\nSon of Governor Winthrop, of Massachusetts. lie passed his first winter on Fisher s Island,\\nwhich remained in his family througli six generations. Tlie valuable manuscri|)t collection kiu)wn\\nas the Winthrop papers was foimd some years ago on the island, which belongs to New York in\\nconsequence of the grants to tlie Karl of Stirling and the Duke of York. The origin of its present", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0434.jp2"}, "431": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n423\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0-^uv-^fe^\\nOLD BLOCK HOUSE, FORT TKLMBULL.\\nOld London and Father Thames are repeated in Xew England, because,\\nas these honest settlers avow, they loved the old names as much as they\\ndisliked the barbaric\\nsounds of the aborig-\\ninal ones, though the\\nlatter were always\\ntypical of some salient\\ncharacteristic. They\\nsettled upon the fair\\nMohegan, in the coun-\\ntry of the Pequots, a\\nrace fierce and war-\\nlike, who in 1637 had made a death-grapple of it with the pale-faces, and had\\nbeen blotted out from among the red nations. Pequot was the name of the\\nharbor, changed in 1658 to New London.\\nI first visited New London in 1845. It was then a bustling place a lit-\\ntle too bustling, perhaps, when rival crews of whalemen in port joined battle\\nin the market-place, unpaving the street of its oyster-shells, and shouting war-\\ncries never before heard except at Otaheite or Juan P\\\\ i-nandez. A large\\nfleet of vessels, engaged in whaling and sealing voyages, then sailed out of\\nthe Thames. The few old hulks laid up at the wharves, the rusty-looking\\noil-butts and discai ded paraphernalia pertaining to the fishery, yet reminded\\nme of the hunters who lassoed the Avild coursers of sea-prairies.\\nI have already confessed to a weakness for the wharves. There is one in\\nNew London, appropriated to the use of the Light-house Board, on which are\\npiled hollow iron cylinders, spare anchors, chain cables, spars and spindles,\\nbuoys and beacons. A relief light-ship, and a tug-boat with steam up, lay\\nbeside it. Tiie danger and privation of life in a light-house is not to be com-\\npared with that on board the light-ship, which is towed to its station on some\\ndancjerous shoal or near some reef, and there anchored. It not unli-equent-\\nly happens in violent storms that the light-ship breaks from its moorings,\\nand meets the fate it was intended to signal to other craft.\u00c2\u00b0 The sight of a\\nname is uncertain, though so called as early as 1636. Governor Winthrop relates to Cotton Mather\\na singular incident which hajjpened on Fisher s Island the previous winter. During the severe\\nsnow-storms hundreds of sheep, besides cattle and liorses, were buried in the snow. Even tiie wild\\nbeasts came into the settlements for shelter. Twenty-eight days after the storm alluded to, tiie\\ntenants of Fisher s Island, in extricating the bodies of a hundred sheep from one baidi of snow in\\nthe vallev, found two alive in tlie drift, wliere they had subsisted by eating the fleeces of those\\nlying dead near them.\\nIn 1834 New London emjiloyed tliirty-six vessels in whaling and sealing. A few are still en-\\ngaged in the latter fishery, in the extreme navigable waters of the Arctic and Antarctic seas.\\nDuring the unexampled cold of the past winter (1874-7. the light-boat off New London\\nwas. infixct, carried away from iier moorings by an ice-field, and many otiiers all along the coast\\nwere stranded.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0435.jp2"}, "432": {"fulltext": "424\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nraging sea as high as the decks of the vessel is one familiar to these hardy\\nmariners. When I expressed surprise that men were willing to hazard their\\nlives on these cockle-shells, a veteran sea-dog glanced at the scanty sail his\\nvessel carried as he replied, We can get somewhere.\\nOn the light-sliip the lanterns are protected by little houses, built around\\neach mast, until lighted, when they are hoisted to the mast-head. A fog-bell\\nis carried on the forecastle to be tolled in thick weather. A more funereal\\nsound than its monotone, deep and heavy, vibrating across a sea shrouded in\\nmist, can scarcely be imagined.\\nA i.llillT-sail U.N UEK STATION.\\nOld sailors are considered to make the best keepers of either floating or\\nstationary beacons. Tiieir long habit of keeping watches on shipboard rey-\\nders them more reliable than landsmen to turn out in all kinds of vveatlier, or\\non a sudden call. They are also far more observant of changes of the weath-\\ner, of tides, or tlie position of passing vessels. I have found many ])ersons in\\ncharge of our sea-coast lights who liad been ship-masters, and were men of\\nmore than ordinary intelligence. When the Fresnel lenticular light was be-\\ning considered, it was objected by those having our system in charge that it\\nwould be diflicult to ])rocure keepers of sufficient intelligence to manage the\\nlens apparatus. M. Fresnel replied that this difficulty had been most singu-\\nlarly exaggerated, as in France the country keepers belonged almost always", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0436.jp2"}, "433": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n425\\nCOL liT-UOL .-^li, NEW LONDON.\\nto the class of ordinary mechanics or laborers, who, with eight or ten days\\ninstruction, were able to perform their duties satisfactorily.\\nAll visitors to New London find their way, sooner or later, to the Old\\nHempstead House, a venerable\\nroof dotted with moss-tufts, situ-\\nated on Jay Street, not far west\\nof the court-house. It is one of\\nthe few antiques which time and\\nthe flames have spared. As one of\\nthe old garrison-houses standing\\nin the midst of a populous city,\\nit is an eloquent reminder of the\\nrace it has outlived. It was built\\nand occupied by Sir Robert Hemp-\\nstead, descending as entailed prop-\\nerty to the seventh generation,\\nwho continued to inhabit it. The\\nHempstead House is near the cove\\naround which the first settlement of the town appears to have clustered. The\\nlast remaining house built by the first settlers stood about half a mile Avest\\nof the court-house, on what was called Cape Ann Street it was taken down\\nabout 1824. Governor Winthrop lived at the head of the cove bearing his\\nname at the north end of the city.\\nThe court-house standing at the head of State (formerly Court) Street\\nhas the date of 1784 on the pediment, having been rebuilt after the burning\\nof the town by Arnold.^ At the other end of the street was the jail. The\\ncourt-house, which formerly had an exterior gallery, has a certain family re-\\nsemblance to the State-house at Newport. It is built of wood, with some\\nattempt at ornamentation. Freshened up with white paint and green blinds,\\nit looked remarkably unlike a seat of justice, which is usually dirty enough\\nin all its courts to be blind indeed.\\nIn the chancel of St. James s repose the ashes of Samuel Seabury, the first\\nAnglican bishop in the United States. He took orders in 1753 in London,\\nand on returning to his native country entered upon the work of his ministry.\\nIn 1775, having subscribed to a royalist protest, declaring his abhorrence of\\nall unlawful congresses and committees, he was seized by the Whigs, and\\nconfined in New Haven jail. Later in the war, he became chaplain of Colonel\\nAt the light-houses I have visited in cold weather, the unvarying complaint is made of the\\npoor quality of the oil furnished by the Light-house Board. One keeper told me he was obliged\\nto shovel the congealed lard-oil out of the tank in the oil-room, and carry it into the dwelling, some\\nrods distant, to heat it on his stove; sometimes repeating the operation frequently during the night,\\nin order to keep his light burning.\\nIt is shown in the view of New London in 1813, at the head of this chapter.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0437.jp2"}, "434": {"fulltext": "426\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nBISHOP SEABURT S MONUMENT.\\nFanning s regiment of American loyalists. After the war, Mr. Seabury went\\nto England in order to obtain consecration as bishop, but, meeting with ob-\\nstacles there, he was conse-\\ncrated in Scotland by three\\nnon juring bishops. The\\nmonument reproduced is\\nfrom the old burying-grouud\\nof New London.\\nThe ancient burial-place\\nof New London is in the\\nnorthern part of the city, on\\nelevated ground, not far from the river. An old fractured slab of red sand-\\nstone once bore the now illegible inscription\\nAn epitaph on Captaine Richard Lord, deceased May 17, 1662, Aetatis svse 51.\\nBright starre of ovr chivalh ie lies here\\nTo the state a covnsellorr fvll deare\\nAnd to ye trvth a friend of sweete content\\nTo Hartford towne a silver ornament\\nWho can deny to poore he was releife\\nAnd in composing paroxyies he was cheife\\nTo Marchantes as a patterne he might stand\\nAdventring dangers new by sea and land.\\nThe liarbor of New London being considered one of the best in New En-\\ngland, its claim to be a naval station has been urged from time to time u) on\\nthe General Government. It is spacious, safe, and deep. During the past\\nwinter, which has so severely tested the capabilities of our coast harbors,\\nclosing many of them with an ice-blockade of long continuance, that of New\\nLondon has remained o[)en. 1835, when the navigation of the harbor of\\nNew York was suspended, by being solidly frozen, New London harbor re-\\nremained unobstructed, vessels entering and departing as in summer.\\nAmong other observations made among the shipping, I may mention the\\noperations of the destructive worm that perforates a ship s bottom or a thick\\n15ish()]i Scaliiny was horn in 172S, and died in 1711(1, ayod (IS. In jn i-son \\\\\\\\c was lari^e, I o-\\nbust, and vif^oruiis dignified and coniinaiuliiig in a])])caranfe, and loved ins jiarishioners of low\\nestate. After consceration he diseiiargi d the functions of bishop of the diocese of Connecticut and\\nlliiode Island.\\nTiie months oClMtniarv ami l cl)iMai y, 1S7. will lie long rcnicnihcrcd in New England lor the\\nintense and long-continued cold weather. Long Island Sound was a vast ice-field, which sealed nj)\\nits harbors. For a lime navigation was entirely suspended, the boats usually plying between New-\\nI)ort, Stonington, New London, and New York being obliged to discontinue their voyages. (Jai--\\ndiner s Bay wa.s completely closed. Tiie shore of Long Island, on its ocean side, was strewed with\\ngreat blocks of ice. An imnsual ntnnber of disasters signalized the ice embargo throughout the\\nwhole extent of the New ICiiirland coast.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0438.jp2"}, "435": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n427\\nCtKOTON MOIvUMENT\\nstick of timber with equal ease. I now had an opportunity of confirming\\nwliat I had often been told, yet scarcely credited, that the worm could be\\ndistinctly lieard while boring. The sound made by the borer exactly resem-\\nbled that of an auger. It is not a little surprising to reflect that so in-\\nsignificant a worm not longer than -,-spp=^\\na cambric needle when it first attacks\\nthe wood is able to penetrate solid\\noak. I noticed evidences where these\\ndreaded workmen were still busy, in\\nlittle dust-heaps lying on the timber\\nnot yet removed from a vessel.\\nWith the aid of a wheezy ferry-\\nboat that landed me on Groton side,\\nI still pursued my questionings or\\ncommunings under the inspiration of\\na sunny afternoon, a transparent air,\\nand a breeze brisk and bracing, bring-\\ning with it the full flavor of the sea.\\nA climb up the steep ascent leading to the old fort was rewarded by the\\nmost captivating views, and by gales that are above blowing in the super-\\nheated streets of a city.\\nThe granite monument, which is our guide to the events these heights\\nhave witnessed, was built with the aid of a lottery. A marble tablet placed\\nabove its entrance is inscribed\\nThis Monument\\nwas erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut, a.d. 1830,\\nand in the 55th year of the Independence of the U. S. A.,\\nIn Memory of the Brave Patriots\\nwho fell in the massacre of Fort Griswold, near this spot,\\non the 6th of September, A.D. 1781,\\nWhen the British, under the command of the Traitor,\\nBENEDICT ARNOLD,\\nburnt the towns of New London and Groton, and spread\\ndesolation and woe throughout this region.\\nWestminster Abbey could not blot out that arraignment. Dr. Johnson\\ndid not know Benedict Arnold when he said, Patriotism is the last refuge\\nof a scoundrel. An American school boy, if asked to name the greatest\\nvillain the world has produced, would unhesitatingly reply, The traitor,\\nBenedict Arnold. The sentence which histoiy has passed upon him is\\neternal Some voice is always repeating it.\\nShortly after the peace of 83 Arnold was presented at court. While the\\nking was conversing with him, Earl Balcarras, who had fought with Bur-\\ngoyne in America, was announced. The king introduced them.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0439.jp2"}, "436": {"fulltext": "428 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWhat, sire, exclaimed the haughty old earl, refusing his hand, the trai-\\ntor Arnold\\nThe consequence was a challenge from Arnold. The parties met, and it\\nwas arranged they should fire together. Arnold fired at the signal, but the\\nearl, flinging down his pistol, turned on his heel, and was walking away,\\nwhen his adversary called out,\\nWhy don t you fire, my lord?\\nSir, said the earl, looking over his shoulder, I leave you to the execu-\\ntioner.\\nThe British attack on I^ew London was not a blind stroke of premeditated\\ncruelty, but a jjart of the only real grand strategy developed since the cam-\\npaign of Trenton. Sir Henry Clinton had been completely deceived by\\nAVashington s movement upon Yorktown, and now launched his expedition\\nupon Connecticut, with the hope of arresting his greater adversary s prog-\\nress. Arnold was the suitable instrument for such work.\\nThe expedition of 1781 landed on both sides of the harbor, one detach-\\nment under command of the traitor himself, near the light-house, the other at\\nGroton Point. Fort Trumbull, being untenable, was evacuated, its little gar-\\nrison crossing the river to Fort Griswold. Encountering nothing on his march\\nexcept a desultory fire from scattered parties, Arnold entered New London,\\nand proceeded to burn the shipping and warehouses near the river. In his\\noflicial dispatch he disavows the general destruction of the town which en-\\nsued, but the testimony is conclusive that dwellings were fired and 2:)lundered\\nin every direction by his troops, and under his eye.\\nThe force that landed upon Groton side was led by Lieutenant-colonel\\nEyre against P^ort Griswold, which then contained one hundred and fifty men,\\nunder Lieutenant-colonel William Ledyard, cousin of the celebrated traveler.\\nThe surrender of the fort being demanded and refused, the British assaulted\\nit on three sides. They were resisted with determined courage, but at length\\neffected an entrance into the work. Eyre had been wounded, and his suc-\\ncessor, Montgomery, killed in the assault. Finding himself overjiowered, Led-\\nyard advanced and ofiered his sword to ^Slajor Bromfield, now in command\\nof the enemy, who asked, Who commands this fort\\nI did, courteously replied Letlyard but you do now.\\nlii-omficld imme(li:it( ly stabbed Ledyard witli liis own sword, and the\\nhero fell dead at the feet ol the coward and assassin. Tliis revolting deed\\nTn all, the British destroyed one hundred and forty-three buildings, sixty-five of which were\\ndwellings, and iiuliuliiiK tlie court-house, jail, and churcii.\\nIn the Wadsworth Museum, Hartford, the vest and siiirt worn by Ledyard on tlie day of\\nhis death, are still shown to the visitor. Lafayette, when attacking the Bntisii redoubt at York-\\ntown, ordered his men, it is said with Washington s consent, to remember New London. The\\ncontinental soldiers could not or would not execute the command on prisoners who begged their\\nlives on tliuir knees.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0440.jp2"}, "437": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n429\\nwas reserved for a Tory officer, of whom Arnold officially writes Sir IT. Clin-\\nton, bis behavior on this occasion does him great honor. The survivors of\\nthe garrison were nearly all put to the sword, and even the wounded treated\\nwith incredible cruelty.\\nFort Griswold is a parallelogram, having a foundation of rough stone, on\\nwhich very thick and solid embankments\\nhave been raised. It is the best preserved\\nof any of the old earth-works I have seen\\nsince Fort George, at Castine. The position\\nis naturally very strong, far stronger than\\nBunker Hill, which cost so many lives to\\ncarry. On all sides except the east the hill\\nis precipitous; here the ascent is gradual,\\nand having surmounted it, an attacking force\\nwould find itself on an almost level area of\\nsufficient extent to form two thousand men.\\nIn consequence of the knowledge that this\\nwas their weak point of defense, the Ameri-\\ncans constructed a small redoubt, the re-\\nmains of which may still be seen about three\\njiundred yards distant from the main work.\\nGroton was the seat of the Pequot power, the royal residence of Sassacus\\nbeing situated on a commanding eminence called Fort Hill, four miles east\\nof Xew London. This was his principal fortress, though there was another\\nabout eight miles distant from New London, near Mystic, which was the scene\\nof the memorable encounter which all our historians from Cotton Mather to\\nDr. Palfrey have related with such minuteness. The conquest of the Pequots,\\nwith whom, man against man, no other of the red nations near their frontiers\\ndared to contend, was heroic in the little band of Englishmen by whom it was\\neffected. The reduction to a handful of outcasts of a nation that counted a\\nthousand warriors Avas a stroke of fortune the English owed to the assistance\\nof LTncas, a rebel against his lawful chieftain, Sassacus, and of Miantouimo,\\nwhose alliance had been secured by Roger Williams.^\\nCaptain John ]Mason, who had served under Fairfox in the Netherlands, is\\nBENEDICT ARNOLD.\\nSoon after the surrender a wagon loaded with wounded Americans was set in motion down\\nthe hill. In its descent it struck with great force against a tree, causing the instant death of sev-\\neral of its occupants.\u00e2\u0080\u0094 Gordon s Revolution, vol. iv., p. 179.\\nCaptain Mason, with the Connecticut and Massachusetts forces, numbering in all only\\nninety men, together with about four hundred Narragansets and Mohegans, attacked the Pequot\\nfortress on the morning of May 26th, 1637. His Indian allies skulked in the rear. Mason s onset\\nwas a complete surprise but he would not have succeeded had he not fired the fort, which created\\na panic among the enemy, and rendered them an easy prey to the English and friendly Indian^^\\nsurrounding it. Between six and seven hundred Pequots perished.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0441.jp2"}, "438": {"fulltext": "430\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nthe ideal Puritan soldier. Before leading bis men on to storm the Peqnot\\nstronghold, they knelt together in the moonlight, which shone briglitly on that\\nMay morning, and commended themselves and tlieir enterprise to God. Re-\\nport says that the accompanying Narragansets and Mohegans were much as-\\ntounded and troubled at the sight. Satisfied that he could not conquer the\\nPequots hand to hand witli his little force. Mason himself applied a fire-brand\\nto the wigwams. His own account of the Pequot Avar, reprinted by Prince\\nin l 73G,is the best J^nd fullest narrative of its varying fortunes.\\nSTOUMING OF THE INDIAN FOUTKESS.\\nMason relates that he had but one pint of strong liquors in his army dur-\\ning its whole march. Like a prudent conunander, he carried the bottle in his\\nliand, and ingenuously says, when it was emjjty the very smelling of it would\\npresently recover such as had fainted away from the extremity of the heat.\\nAmong the special providences of the day he mentions that Lieutenant Hull\\nhad an arrow shot into a hanl j)iece of cheese he carried, that jjiobably saved\\nhis life; wliich may verify the old saying, adds the narrator, that a little\\narmor would serve, if a man knew wliere to place it. Pullei-, in one of his\\nsernu)ns, has anotliei- and a siniilai- pi-overb: It is better to fight naked than\\nwith bad arnioi-, for the rags of a bad corselet make a deeper wound, and\\nworse to be liealed, than tlie bullet itself. Mason ultimately settled in Nor-\\nwich, and died there.\\nThe English in these enrly wnrs fotiglit in nrmor, that is to sny, a steel cap and corselet, with\\na bnck and breast ))iece, over buff coats, the common equipment every where of that day for a iiorsc\\nOf foot soldier.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0442.jp2"}, "439": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n431\\nSILAS UEANE.\\nSilas Deane was a native of Groton. Of the tliree men to wliom Congresii\\nintrusted its secret negotiations with European\\npowers, Franklin was the only one whose char-\\nacter did not permanently sulier, although he\\ndid not escape the malignity and envy of Ar-\\nthur Lee. The Virginian s enmity and jeal-\\nousy, aided by the influence of his brothers,\\nwere more successful in sullying the name and\\nlame of Silas Deane. Yet Arthur Lee was a\\npatriot and an honest man, whose public life\\nwas corroded by a morbid envy and distrust\\nof his associates. A more disastrous appoint-\\nment than his could hardly have been made,\\nas his temperament especially unfitted him for\\na near approach to men who, with all the world s polish, were, in diplomatic\\nphrase, able to cut an adversary s throat with a hair.\\nJohn. Quincy Adams, who may perhaps have inherited his father s dislike\\nof Deane, once said, in the course of a conversation with some friends:\\nA son of Silas Deane was one of my school-fellows.^ I never saw liim\\nagain until last autumn, when I recognized him on board a steamboat, and in-\\ntroduced him to Lafayette, who said, Do yon and Deane agree? I said,\\nYes. That s more than your fathers did before you, replied the general.\\nSilas Deane, continued Mr. Adams, was a man of fine talents, but, like\\nGeneral Arnold, he was not true to his country. After he was dismissed\\nfrom the service of the United States he went to England, lived for a long\\ntime on Lord Slieflield s patronage, and wrote a book wliich did more to\\nwiden the breach between England and America, and produce unpleasant\\nfeelings between the two countries, than any work that had been pub-\\nlished. Finally he determined to return to America, but, in a fit of remorse\\nand despair, committed suicide before the vessel left the Thames. His char-\\nacter and fate affected those of his son, who has lived in obscurity.\\nIt is possible that Silas Deane s patriotism was not proof against the ingrat-\\nitude he had experienced, and that he became soured and disaffected but it\\nis scarcely just to his memory to call him traitor, or compare liim with such\\nan ignoble character as Arnold. Deane was the friend of Beauniarchais; he\\nwas also his confidant. He was the means of securing the services of Lafay-\\nette for America. There is little doubt that he exceeded his powers as com-\\nmissioner, involving Congress in embarrassments, of which his recall was the\\nsolution. The malevolence of Lee and the crookedness of P^rench diplomacy\\nMr. John Quincv Adams accompanied his fiither to France, and was phiced at scliool near\\nParis.\\nMiss E. S. Quincy s Memoir.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0443.jp2"}, "440": {"fulltext": "432 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\ndid what was wanting to consign liira to obscurity and poverty. The con-\\ntroversy over Deane s case produced a pamphlet from Thomas Paine, and\\ncaused John Jay to take the place resigned by Mr. Laurens as president of\\nCongress. Deane and Beaumarchais were the scape-goats of the French alli-\\nance.\\nJohn Ledyard was another monument of Groton. His first essay as a\\ntraveler exhibits his courage and resource. He entered Dartmouth as a divin-\\nity student; but poverty obliging him to withdraw from the college, and not\\nhaving a shilling in his pocket, he made a canoe fifty feet long, with which he\\nfloated down the river one hundred and forty miles to Hartford. He then em-\\nbarked for England as a common sailor, and while there, under the impulse\\nof his passion for travel, enlisted with Captain Cook as a corpoi al of marines.\\nHe witnessed the tragical death of his captain. In 17V1, after eight years\\nabsence, Ledyard revisited his native country. His mother was then keep-\\ning a boarding-house at Southhold. Her son took lodgings with her without\\nbeing recognized, as had once happened to Franklin in similar circumstances.\\nLedyard s subsequent exploits in Europe, Asia, and Africa bear the im-\\npress of a daring and adventurous spirit. At last he oifered himself for the\\nmore perilous enterprise of penetrating into the unknown regions of Central\\nAfrica. A letter from Sir Joseph Banks introduced him to the jirojectors of\\nthe expedition. Before I had learned, says the gentleman to whom Sir\\nJoseph s letter was addressed, the name and business of my visitor, I was\\nstruck with the manliness of his person, the breadth of his chest, the open-\\nness of his countenance, and the inquietude of his eye. Spreading the map\\nof Africa before him, and tracing a line from Cairo to Sennaar, and thence\\nwestward in the latitude and supposed direction of the Niger, I told him that\\nwas the route by which I was anxious that Africa might, if possible, be ex-\\nplored. He said he should consider himself singularly fortunate to be in-\\ntrusted with the adventure. I asked him when he would set out. His an-\\nswer was, To-morrow morning.\\nNew London s annals afford a passing glimpse of two men who, though\\nenemies, were worthy of each other. During the war with England of 1812,\\nDecatur, with the United States, Macedonian, and Hornet, was blockaded in\\nNew London by Sir T. M. Hardy with a squadron of superior force. Tlie\\npresence of the British fleet was a constant menace to the inliabitants, dis-\\nquieted as they also were by the recollections of Arnold s descent. In vain\\nDecatur tried to escape the iron grip of his adversary. Hardy s vigilance\\nIn IS. in, when President Jackson demanded twenty-five millions of France on acconnt of\\nFrench spoliations, the claim of IJeaiiniarchais was allowed, after deducting a million livres which\\nhad been advanced by Vergennes. Deane s heirs did not obtain an adjustment of his claims by\\nCongress until 1S42.\\nLedyard jirocecdcd no farther tlian Cairo, where he died, in 1788, of a bi.. fev.jr.\\n1", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0444.jp2"}, "441": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n433\\nSTEPHEN DP:CATUR.\\nnever relaxed, and the American vessels remained as uselessly idle to the end\\nof the war, as if laid up in ordinary. Once Decatur had prepared to slip\\naway unperceived to sea, but signals\\nmade to the hostile fleet from the shore\\ncompelled him to abandon the attempt.\\nHe then proposed to Hardy a duel be-\\ntween his own and an equal force of\\nBritish ships, wliich, though he did not\\nabsolutely decline the challenge, it is\\npretty evident Sir Thomas never meant\\nshould happen.\\nDecatur was brave, fearless, and\\nchivalric. He was the handsomest ofli-\\ncer in the navy. Coleridge, who knew\\nhim well at Malta, always spoke of him\\nin the highest terms. Our history does\\nnot afford a more impressive example\\nof a useful life uselessly thrown away.\\nOf his duel with Barron the following\\nis probably a correct account of the\\nclosing scene The combatants ap-\\nproached within sixteen feet of each other, because one was near-sighted, and\\nthe rule was that both should take deliberate aim before the word was given.\\nThey both fired, and fell with their heads not ten feet apart. Each believed\\nhimself mortally hurt. Before their removal from the ground they were rec-\\nonciled, and. blessed each other, declaring there was nothing between them.\\nAll that was necessary to have prevented the meeting was a personal expla-\\nnation.\\nSir T. Hardy is well known as the captain of Nelson s famous flag-ship, the\\nVicton/, and as having received these last utterances of the dying hero: An-\\nchor, Hardy, anchor! AVhen the captain replied, I suppose, my lord, Ad-\\nmiral Collingwood will now take upon himself the direction of aftairs Not\\nwhile I live, I hope. Hardy cried the dying chief, endeavormg ineffectually\\nto raise himself fi-om the bed. No, he added, do you anchor. Hardy.\\nShall ice make the signal, sir? Yes, replied his lordship, for if I live,\\nI ll anchor. Take care of my dear Lady Hamilton, Hardy take care of poor\\nLady Hamilton. Kiss me, PLardy.\\nDecatur offered to match tlie United States and Macedonian witli the Endijmion and Statira.\\nSir Tlioinas declined the proposal as made, but consented to a meeting between the Statira and\\nMacedonian alone.\\nNelson commended almost with his latest breath Lady Hamilton and his dan ;iiter as a legacy\\nto his country. Lady Hamilton, however, died in exile, sickness, and actual want at Calais,\\nFrance, in 1815.\\n28", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0445.jp2"}, "442": {"fulltext": "434\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nWith whatever local preferences the traveler may have come, lie will think\\nthe approach to Norwich charming. Through banks high and green, crested\\nwith groves, or decked with white villages, the river slips quietly away to min-\\ngle in the noisy world of waters beyond. In deeper shadows of the hills the\\npictures along the banks are reproduced with marvelous fidelity of form and\\ncoloring; and even the blue of the sky and white drifting clouds are mirrored\\nthere. All terrestrial things, however, appear, as in the camera, inverted\\nroofs or steeples pointing downward, men or animals walking with feet up-\\nward, along the banks, like flies on a ceiling. When autumn tints are on, the\\neffects seen in the water are heightened by the confused masses of sumptuous\\nfoliage huno: like srarlands alonsc the shores.\\nRUSTIC BRIDGE, NORWICH.\\nNorwicl) is ranged about a hill overlooking the Thames. It is on a point\\nof rock-land infolded by two streams, the Yantic and Slietucket, that come\\ntumbling and hurrying down from tlie higher noilhern ranges to meet and\\nkiss eacli other in the Thames. Kising, terrace above terrace, the appearance\\nof Norwicli, as viewed iVom the river, is more striking in its ensemhle than by\\nreason of pailicular featiiics. The water-side is the iamiliai- dull red, above\\nwhich glancing rool s and steeples among trees ai e seen retreating up the as-\\ncent. Jjy night a ridded and chiinneyed blackness bestrewed with liglits re-\\nwards tlie cuiious gazer iVoni the deck of a Sound steamboat. I admired in\\nNorwich the broad avenues, the wealth of old trees, the luxurious sj)aciousiiess\\nof the private grounds. Washington Street is one of the finest I liave walked\\nin. There is breathing-room every wliere, town and country seeming to meet", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0446.jp2"}, "443": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n435\\n/V\\nand clasp hands, each giving to the other of the best it had to offer. I do not\\nmean tliat Norwich is countrified but its mid-city is so easily escaped as to\\ndo away with the feeling of imprisonment in a widerness of brick, stone, and\\nplate-glass. The suburban homes of Norwich have an air of substantial com-\\nfort and delicious seclusion. In brief, wherever one has made up his mind to\\nbe buried, he would like to live in Norwich.\\nThere are not a iii.\\\\s picturesque objects about Norwich, especially by the\\nshores of the Yantic,\\nvvhicli, since being j i\\nrobbed of the falls,\\nonce its pride and\\nglory, has become a\\nprosaic mill-stream.\\nThe water is of the\\nblackness of Acheron,\\nstreaked with amber\\nwhere it falls over\\nrocks, and of a rusty\\nbrown in shallows, as\\nif partaking of the col-\\nor of bits of decayed\\nwood or dead leaves which one sees :u\\nthe bottom. The stream, after having\\nbeen vexed by dams and tossed about\\nby mill-wheels, bounds joyously, and\\nwith some touch of savage freedom, to\\nstrike hands with the Shetucket. old mill, nokwich.\\nThe practical reader should be told\\nthat tlie city of Norwich is tlie outgrowth and was of yore the landing of\\nNorwich town, two miles above it. The city was then known as Chelsea and\\nNorwich Landing. The Mohegans were lawful owners of the soil. Subse-\\nquent to the Peqnot war hostilities broke out between Uncas, chief of the\\nMohegans, and Miantonimo, the Narraganset sachem. The Narragansets in-\\nvaded the territory of the Mohegans, and a battle occurred on the Great\\nPlains, near Greenville, a mile and a half below Norwich. The Narragansets\\nsuffered defeat, and their chief became a prisoner. He was delivered by Un-\\ncas to the English, who condemned him to death, and devolved upon Uncas\\nthe execution of the sentence. The captive chief was led to tlie spot where\\nThe falls were very beautiful, and have been celebrated by Trumbull s penoil and Mrs. Siyour-\\nney s verse. There still remain some curious cavities, worn in the rock by the iirolonged rotary\\nmotion of loose stones. Lydia Huntley Sigourney, the most celebrated writer in prose or poetry\\nof her day in New England, was a native of Norwich.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0447.jp2"}, "444": {"fulltext": "436 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nhe had been made prisoner, and, Avliile stalking with Indian stoicism in the\\nmidst of his enemies, was killed by one blow from a tomahawk at tlie signal\\nof Uncas. Miantonimo was bui ied where he fell, and from him the spot takes\\nits name of Sachem s Plain/\\nWar continued between the Narragansets and ]\\\\Iohegans, the former, led\\nby a brother of Miantonimo, being again the assailants. Uncas was at length\\ncompelled to throw himself within his strong fortress, where he was closely\\nbesieged, and in danger of being overpowered. He found means to send in-\\ntelligence to Saybrook, where Captain Mason commanded, that his supply of\\nfood was exhausted. Mason immediately sent Thomas Leffingwell with a\\nboat-load of provision, which enabled Uncas to hold out until his enemy with-\\nunkos, drew. For this act, which he performed single-handed, Lef-\\nfingwell received from Uncas the greater part of Norwich\\nand in 1659, by a formal deed, signed by Uncas and his two\\nhis mark SOUS, Owaucko and Attawanhood, he, with Mason, Kev. James\\nOwANEKo. Fitch, and others, became proprietors of the whole of Nor-\\n/^^^^^~f^ wich.\\n^f\\\\ I did not omit a visit to the ground where the buried\\nhis mark. niajcsty of Mohegan is lying. It is on the bank of the Yan-\\natjawauhood, ^j^^ jjj secluded though populous neighborhood. A granite\\n-J obelisk, with the name of Uncas in relief at its base, erected\\nmniic. })y citlzeus of Norwicli, stands within the inclosui e. Tlie\\nT\\nSIGNATURES OF UN-\\nfoundation was laid bv President Jackson in 1833. Arouml\\nCAS AND HIS SONS.\\nare clustered a few mossy stones chiseled by English hands,\\nwith the bi ief record of the hereditary chieftains of a once powerful race. In\\nits native state the spot must have been singularly romantic and well chosen.\\nA wooded height overhangs the rivei- in i ull view of the falls, where their tur-\\nbulence subsides into a placid onward flow, and \\\\\\\\here the chiel s, ere their de-\\nBefore the battle with the Narragansets, Uncas is said to have challenged Miantonimo to single\\nconihat, promising for Iiiinself and his nation to abide the result. MiaiUonimo refused. This cliief,\\nin his tliglit fioni ttie field, was overtaken by IMoliogan warriors, who impeded him nntil Uncas\\ncould come up. Wlien Uncas laid his hand on jNIiantonimo s shoulder, the huter sat down in token\\nof submission, maintaining a sullen silence. Uncas is said to have eaten a jiiece of his tlesh.\\nTlie proprietors ninubered lhirt\\\\-five. Uncas received about seventy jmunds for nine sipiare\\nmiles. Tiie settlement of Norwit-h is coii^iidered to iia\\\\c begun in UKiO, w hcii Kev. lames Uitcli\\nremoved from Saybrook to Norwich (lowu).\\nTlie following inscriptioTis are finm tin; royal burial-ground of llie ^rohcgans\\nHere lies y body of Uomjii Uncas, son of Uenjamiii and Ann Uncus, and of y royal blood,\\nwiio (lied May y first, 1740, in y 2tst year of his agi-.\\nHere lies Sam I ^ncas, the ;id and beloved son of his father, John Uncas, who was the grand-\\nson of Uncas, grand sachem of Mohegan, the darling of his mother, being daughter of said Uncas,\\ngrand sachem. He died July .^Ist, I 7 II. in the 2Sth year of his age.\\nIn memory of Elizabeth Joqiiib, tlie daughter of Mahomet, great-grandchild to y first Un-\\ncas, great sachem of Mohegan, who died .July y otii, I7r)(), aged years.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0448.jp2"}, "445": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n437\\nUNCAS S MONUMENT.\\npavtnre for the happy huiiting-.o-rounds, might look their last on the villages\\nof their people. It was the Indian custom to bury\\nby the margin of river, lake, or ocean. Here, doubt-\\nless, repose the bones of many grim warriors, seated\\nin royal state, with their weapons and a pot of suc-\\ncotash beside them. The last interment here was\\nof Ezekiel Mazeon, a descendant of Uncas, in 1826.\\nThe feeble remnant of the Mohegans followed him\\nto the grave.\\nMr. Sparks remarks that the history of the In-\\ndians, like that of the Carthaginians, has been writ-\\nten by their enemies. As the faithful, unwavering\\nally of the English, Uncas has received the enco-\\nmiums of their historians. His statesmanship has\\nbeen justified by time and history. By alliance\\nwith the English he preserved his j^eople for many\\ngenerations after the more numerous and powerful Pcquots, Narragansets,\\nand Wampanoags had ceased to exist. In 1638 he came with his i)resent\\nof wampum to Boston, and having convinced the English of his loyalty, thus\\naddressed tliem Tiiis heart (laying his hand upon his breast) is not mine,\\n_^_^ but yours. Command me any difficult\\nservice, and I will do it. I have no men,\\nbut they are all yours. I will never be-\\nlieve any Indian against the English\\nany more. It is this invincible fidel-\\nity, a])proved by important services,\\nthat should make his name and char-\\nacter respected by ever} descendant\\nof the lathers of New England.\\nAbout miilway of the jileasant ave-\\nnue that unites old Xorwich witli new\\nARNOLD S BIRTHPLACE. IS tlic birtliplacG of Bcucdict Arnold.\\nmr^\\nr^rSi^s-\\nThe hereditary chieftainship was extinct as long ago as the beginning of the centmy. Tiie\\nMohegans occnpied a strip of land containing two thonsand seven hnndred acres, lying on the\\nThames between Norwich and New London, above the mouth of Stony Brook, and between the\\nriver and Montville. In 1633 the Indian ))opiilation of Connecticnt was computed at eight persons\\nto the sciuare mile the earliest enumeration of the Mohegans made their number one thousand\\nsix hundred and sixty-tlu-ee souls; in 1797 only four hundred remained. By 1825 tiic nation was\\nreduced to a score or two, a portion having emigrated to Stockbridge, Massaclmsetts. Tiie Mohe-\\ngan reserve was divided in 1790 among the remaining families of the nation. The Mohegans\\nwere probably a distinct nation, though Uncas was a vassal of the Peqnots.\\nOn the Colchester road, or Town Street, near the junction of a street leading toward the\\nFalls. The estate is now locally known as the Ripley Place.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0449.jp2"}, "446": {"fulltext": "438\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nSomewhat farther on, and when within half a mile of the town, yon also see\\nat the right the homely little building which was the apothecary s in which\\nArnold worked as a boy\\nwith pestle and mortar\\nto the acceptance of his\\nmaster, Dr. Lathrop, who\\nlived in the adjoining\\nmansion. One can bet-\\nter imagine Arnold deal-\\ning out musket -bullets\\nthan pills, and mixing\\nbrimstone with saltpetre\\nrather than harmless\\ndrugs. As a boy he was\\nbold, high-spirited, and\\ncruel.\\nIn this neighborhood\\nT saw a group of elms\\nunmatched for beauty in\\nNew England. One of\\nthem is a king among\\ntrees. They are on a\\ngrassy slope, before an\\ninviting mansion, and are in the full glory of maturity. It was a feast to\\nstand under their branching arms, and be fanned and soothed by the play of\\nthe breeze among their green tresses, that fell in fountains of rustling foliage\\nfrom their crowned heads. A benison on those old trees May they never\\nfall into the clutches of that class Avho have a real and active hatred of every\\nthing beautiful, or that a])pcals to\\nmore than their habitual perception\\nis able to discover!\\nI made a brief visit at the man-\\nsion built by (ieneral Jedcdiah Hun-\\ntington before he removed to New\\nLondon alter the Old War,\\nIn the dining-room was a full-\\nlength of General Eben Huntington,\\npainted by Trumbull at the age of\\neighteen. On S( eing it some years\\naiterwai-i1, Trunibiill took out his oenekal nuNTiNoroN s norsE.\\nELM-TREE:-\\nThe general was appointed collector of New London by Washington. His first wife was a\\ndaughter of Governor Trumbull.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0450.jp2"}, "447": {"fulltext": "NEW LONDON AND NORWICH.\\n439\\npenknife and said to his host and friend, Eb, let me put my knife through\\nthis. Another portrait by the same hand, representing the general at the\\nsiege of Yorktown, is in a far different manner. The tliree daughters of Gen-\\neral Huntington, then living in the old family mansion, in referring to the\\nwarm friendship between their father and the painter, mentioned that the\\nfirst and last portraits painted by Colonel Trumbull were of members of their\\nfamily.\\nNear General Huntington s, where many of the choicest spirits of the\\nRevolution have been en-\\ntertained, is the handsome\\nmansion of Governor Hun-\\ntington, a remote connec-\\ntion of his military neigh-\\nbor. Without the advan-\\ntages of a liberal educn\\ntion, he became a membi\\nof the old Congress, and\\nits president, chief -justice,\\nand governor of Connecti-\\ncut. President Dwight,\\nwho knew him Avell, extols\\nIds character and abilities\\nwarmly and highly.\\nI had frequent oppor-\\ntunities of seeing, in my rambles about the environs of Xew London and\\nNorwich, the beautiful dwarf flowering laurel {Kalmia avgvsti folia) that is\\nalmost unknown farther north. In the woods, where it was growing in wild\\nluxuriance, it appeared like a gigantic azelia, ablaze with fragrant bloom of\\nwhite and pink. It used to be said that honey collected by the bee from this\\nflower was poisonous. The broad-leaved laurel, or calico-tree {Kalmia lati-\\nfolia) was believed to be even more injurious, instances being mentioned\\nwhere death had occurred from eating the flesh of pheasants that had fed on\\nits leaves.\\nNorwich town represents the kernel from which the city has sprung, and\\nretains also no little of the savor incident to a population that has held in-\\nnovations at arms-length. It has quiet, freshness, and a certain rural comeli-\\nness. A broad green, or common, planted with trees, is skilled by houses,\\nmany of them a century or more old, among which I thought I now and then\\ndetected the no longer familiar well-sweep, with the old oaken bucket\\nstanding by the curb. On one side of the common the old court-house is\\nstill seen.\\nTake the path beside the meeting-house, ascending the overhanging rocks\\nby some natural steps, and you will be richly repaid for the trifling exertion.\\nMANSION OF GOVEUNOK HUNTINGTON.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0451.jp2"}, "448": {"fulltext": "440\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nThe view embraces a charming little valley watered by the Yantic, which\\nhere flows through rich meadow-lands and productive farms. Encompassing\\nthe settlement is another elevated\\nrange of the rocky hills common to\\nthis region, making a sort of amphi-\\ntheatre in which the town is natural-\\nly ])laced.\\nThe old church of Norwich town\\nformerly stood in the hollow between\\ntwo high hills above its present site.\\nThe pound, now its Kext neighbor, is\\nstill a lawful inclosure in most of tiie\\nNew England States. Not many\\n3 ears ago, I knew of a town in Mas-\\nsachusetts that was presented by a\\ngrand jury for not having one. I\\nvisited the old grave-yard, remarka-\\nble for its near return to a state of\\nnature. Many stones had tallen, and\\nsometimes two were kept upright by\\nleaning one against the other. Weeds,\\nbrambles, and vines imi)eded my foot-\\nsteps or concealed the grave-stones.\\nI must often repeat the story of the\\nshameful neglect which involves most\\nof our older cemeteries. One is not\\nquite sure, in leaving them, that he docs not carry away on his feet the dust\\nof former generations. Some of the stones are the most curious in form and\\ndesign I have met with. The family tombs of Governor and General llun-\\ntimrton are here.\\nCONGKEGATIONAL CHUKCH.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0452.jp2"}, "449": {"fulltext": "PKTER STUYVESANT.\\nCHAPTER XXYIII.\\nSAYBROOK.\\nSays Tweed to Till,\\nWhat gars ye rin sae still\\nSays Till to Tweed,\\nThougli ye rin wi speed,\\nAn I rin slaw.\\nFor ae man that ye droon,\\nI droon twa. Old Song.\\nRATHER more than a liuiulred miles from New York tlie railway crosses\\ntlie Connecticut River, on one of those bridges that at a little distance\\nresemble spiders webs hung between the sliores. From liere one may look\\ndown quite to the river s mouth, where it enters the Sound and if it be a\\nwarm summer s day, the bluish -gray streak of land across it may be seen.\\nThe Connecticut is the only river of importance emptying upon the New En-\\no-land coast that has not an island lodged in its throat.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0453.jp2"}, "450": {"fulltext": "442 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nIt was on one of those parched days of midsummer, when tlie very air is\\nquivering, and every green thing droops and shrivels under a vertical sun,\\nthat I first alighted at tlie station at Saybrook. The listless, fagged, and\\njaded air of city swells lounging about the platform, the flushed faces of\\nblooming girls and watchful dowagers, betokened the general prostration of\\nweary humanity, who yearned for the musical plash of sea-waves as the with-\\nering leaves and dusty grass longed for rain.\\nHow feminine New England exaggerates, to be sure! A group of three\\nyoung ladies exchange their views upon the sultriness of the day one ob-\\nserves, What a dreadful hot day! a second declares it horrid (torrid,\\nperhaps she meant to say) and the last pronounces it perfectly frightful,\\nemphasizing the opinion by opening her umbrella with a sharp snap. What\\nthey would have said to an eartliquakc, a conflagration, or a shipwreck, is\\nleft to bewildering conjecture.\\nIn a certain unquiet portion of the American Union, the terra Connecticut\\nYankee is expressive of concentrated dislike for shrewd bargaining, a nasal\\ntwang of speech, and a supposed desire to overreach one s neighbor. How\\noften have I heard in the South the expression, A mean Yankee as if, for-\\nsooth, meanness were sectional Here in New England a Connecticut Yankee\\nis spoken of as a cunning blade or sharp fellow as an Englishman would say,\\nHe s Yorkshire; or an Italian, E Spoletino.\\nThe day of wooden nutmegs is past and gone, and Connecticut is more\\nfamiliarly known as the Land of Steady Habits. The whole State is a hive.\\nEvery smoky town you see is a busy work-shop. The problem of the Con-\\nnecticut man is how to do the most work in the shortest time, whether by\\nmeans of a sewing-machine, a Colt, or a mitraiUeu ie. If I should object to\\nany thing in him, it would be the hurry and worry, the dn re, which impels\\nhim through life and in this I do not imagine he difters from the average\\nAmerican man of busiuess until, like one of his own engines that is always\\nworked under a full ])ressure of steam, he stO])S running at last. That is why\\nAve see so many old men of thirty, and so many premature gray hairs in New\\nEngland.\\niJut what I chiefly lament is the disaj)pearance of the Yankee not the\\nconventional Yankee of the theatre, for he liad never an existence elsewliere;\\nbut the hearty yet sns]\u00c2\u00bbici()us, cute though green, drawling, whittling, un-\\nadulterated Yankee, willi his bi-oad humor, delicious /)a?o/.s^, and large-lieai ted\\npatriotism. His very mother-longue is forgotten. Not once during these\\ni-ambles liave I lieard his old familiar I swaow, or Git aout, or Dew\\ntell. IJailway and telegrajili, factory and work-shop, penetrating into the\\nThe term Brother Jonathan originated with Washington, who applied it to Governor Jon-\\nathan Tnimhuli, of Connecticut. When any important matter was in agitation the general would\\nsay, We must consult Brother .Tonatlmn.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0454.jp2"}, "451": {"fulltext": "SAYBROOK. 443\\nmost secluded hamlets, have rubbed off all the crust of an originality so pro-\\nnounced as to have become the type, and often the caricature too, of Amer-\\nican nationality tlie world over.\\nOne peculiarity I have noticed is that of calling spinsters, of whatever age,\\ngirls. I knew two elderly maiden ladies, each verging on three-score, who\\nwere universally spoken of as the Young girls, their names, I should perhaps\\nexplain, being Young. Once, when in quest of lodgings in a strange place, I\\nwas directed to apply to the two Brown girls, whose united ages, as I should\\njudge, could not be less than a century and a quarter. But one is not to\\njudge of New England girls by this sample.\\nAnother practice which prevails in some villages is that of designating\\nfather and son, where botli liave a common Christian-name, as Big Tom\\nand Little Tom; and brother and sister as Bub and Sis. One can\\nhardly maintain a serious countenance to hear a stalwart fellow of six feet\\nalluded to as Little Tom, or Joe, or Bill, or a full-grown man or woman as\\nBub or Sis. On the coast, nicknames are current principally among the\\nsea-faring element; Guinea Bill or Portugee Jack, presupposes the own-\\ner to have made a voyage to either of those distant lands.\\nThe Italians count the whole twenty-four hours, beginning at half an hour\\nafter sunset. By this method of computation I reckoned on arriving at Say-\\nbrook Point at exactly twenty-two o clock. I walked through the village\\nleisurely observant of its outward aspect, which was that of undisturbed tran-\\nquillity. Modern life had been so long in reaching it, that it had been willing\\nto accommodate itself to the old houses, and so far to the old life of the place.\\nThe toilets here, as elsewhere, encroached in many instances upon those of\\nthe last century, and were wonderfully like the portraits one sees of the time.\\nNow, let us have the old manners back again.\\nOne of the pleasantest old houses in Saybrook is the Hart mansion, M liich\\nstands in the main street of the village, heavily draped by the foliage of three\\nelm-trees of o-reat size and beauty. It was a favorite retreat of tliat gallant\\nsailor, Isaac Hull, who lost his heart there. Like Nelson, he was the idol of\\nhis sailors, for he was as humane as he was brave. He seldom ordered one\\nof his old sea-dogs to be flogged, but would call a culprit before him, and\\nafter scolding him soundly Avith affected roughness of tone and manner, would\\ntell him to return to his duty. The Old Ir 071 sides was loved witli a love\\nalmost like that which man bears to woman. Ladies would have kissed the\\nhem of her sails; men scraped the barnacles from her bottom, and carried\\nthem home in their pockets. I have seen no end of canes, picture-frames, and\\nGeneral William Hart, an old soldier of the Revolution, was a wealthy and higlily esteemed\\ncitizen of Saybrook. In ITOn, with Oliver Phelps and others, he purchased the tract in Ohio called\\nthe Western Reserve. The Commodores Hull, uncle and nephew, married sisters belonging to\\nthis familv. Commodore Andrew Hull Foote was also a nephew of Commodore Isaac Hull, whose\\nwidow was still living when I visited Saybrook in 1874.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0455.jp2"}, "452": {"fulltext": "444\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nother souvenirs of this fimious ship tveasured by fortunate possessors; and\\none of the oUl mercliants of Boston had his street door made of her oak.\\nSaybrook is languid. It is\\ndispersed along one broad and\\nhandsome street, completely can-\\nopied by an arch of foliage. You\\nseem, when at the entrance, to be\\nlooking through a green tunnel.\\nIn this street there is no noise and\\nbut little movement. The few\\nshops were without custom. Af-\\nter the spasm of activity caused\\nby the arrival of the train when\\nit seemed for the moment to rub\\nits eyes and bi isk up a little,\\ncarriages and pedestrians having\\nmysteriously disappeared some-\\nwhere the old town dozed again.\\nThe Connecticut is here tame\\nand uninteresting, with near\\nshores of salt marsh flatness.\\nYellow sand-bars, green hummocks, or jutting points skirted with pine-\\ngroves, inclose the stream, which is broad, placid, and shallow. There are\\nno iron headlands, or dangerous reefs. Nature seems quite in harmony wiili\\nthe general quietude and restfulness.\\nA few years ago there existed at the Point the remains of a colonial for-\\ntress, with much history clustering around it. It was raised in tlie very in-\\nfancy of Englisli settlement at the mouth of the Connecticut; and when the\\nRevolution came, the old dismounted cannon, that had perha])s done duty\\nwith Howard or Blake, were again placed on the ramparts. The railway ])e()-\\nple have reduced the hill on which it stood to a flat and dreary gravel waste.\\nThis is walking into antiquity with a vetigeance It is ]ierha|)S fortunate tliat\\nthe Coliseum, Temple Bar, and St. Denis are not wliere tliey would be vahied\\nfor the cubic yards of waste material tliey might att oi-d.\\nThe Dutch anticipated the Knglisli in the setth ment on Connecticut IJiver.\\nThe liollandci s at Fort Amsterdam, and tlie then rival colonies ofPlynu)Utli\\nand Massachusetts Bay, were each desirous of obtaining a foothold wliich each\\nfelt too weak to undertake alone. The country had been sul)jugated by the\\nPequots, whose territor} neither colony might invade without bringing the\\nwliole nation upon thcni.\\nThe eminence on which the fort stood, also called Tomb Hill, jutted into the river, being\\nunited to the shore in ii beach, and bordered by siilt-marshes. It was steep and unassailable from\\nany near vantage-gruinul. In 1(117 tlie lirst fort was accidentally destroyed by fire.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0456.jp2"}, "453": {"fulltext": "SAYBROOK. 445\\nThe Dutch were also first to visit the river, and to inform tlie Pilgrims of\\nits beauty and advantages for traffic. In 1633, Massacliusetts having reject-\\ned overtures for a joint occupation, Plymouth determined to establish a trad-\\ning-post upon the river without her aid. Ajjprised of this intention, the\\nDutch dispatched an expedition, which disembarked where Hartford now is.\\nA house was hastily erected, and ordnance mounted, with which thelloHand-\\ners gave notice that they meant to keep out intruders.\\nThe Plymouth expedition, under command of William Holmes, ascended\\nthe river, and, notwithstanding an attempt to stop them, passed by the Dutch\\nfort. They landed at Nattawanute, afterward Windsor, and, having made\\nthemselves secure, sent their vessel home. Word was sent to Fort Amster-\\ndam of the invasion. A company of seventy dispatched to the scene ad-\\nvanced brimful of wrath and cabbage, with drums beating and colors fl}^-\\ning, against the English fort. Seeing the Pilgrims were in nowise discon-\\ncerted, the Dutch captain ordered a halt a parley took place, and, liaving\\nthus vindicated the national honor, Gualtier Twilley s men withdrew.\\nThe attempts of Plymouth to establish tributary plantations, with trad-\\ning-posts, at the extreme eastei n and western limits of New England, were\\nequally disastrous. Massachusetts stood quietly by, and saw her rival dis-\\npossessed at Penobscot, but at Windsor the Plymouth people soon found\\nthemselves hemmed in between settlements made by emigrants from the bay.\\nAs a quarrel would perhaps have been alike fatal to both, Plymouth gave\\nway to her more powerful neighbor.\\nThe Ei]glish settlement of Connecticut is usually assigned to the year\\n1635, the year of beginnings at Hartford, Wethersfield, and Saybrook. In tl:e\\nautumn the younger Winthrop sent a few men to take possession and fortify\\nat the mouth of the Connecticut, as agent of Lords Say, Brook, and tlieir as-\\nsociate owners of the patent. This expedition forestalled by a few days\\nonly a new attempt to obtain possession by the Dutch, who, hnding the En-\\nglish already landed and having cannon mounted, abandoned their design.\\nThrough the agency of the celebrated Hugh Peters, the patentees engaged,\\nand sent to New England, Lion Gardiner, a military engineer who had served\\nin the Low Countries. He arrived at Boston in November, 1035, and pro-\\nceeded to the fort at the mouth of the Connecticut. He was followed by\\nGeorge Fenwick, sent over by Lord Say to be resident agent of the P]nglish\\nIn the British State Paper Office is a translation of part of a letter, dated at Fort Amsterdam,\\nin 1633, from Gualtier Twilley to the governor of Massacliusetts Bay, concerning the right of the\\nDutch to the river. The governor says that he has taken possession of it in the name of the States\\nGeneral, and set up a house on the north side, with intent to yilant. He desires Winthrop will\\ndefer his claims until their superior magistrates are agreed. The word [Hudson?] is placed\\nafter river in the calendars, but the date and other given fiicts are probably allusions to the Con-\\nnecticut attempt.\\nLieutenant Gibbons, Sergeant Willard, and some carpeiiters. Lion Gardiner s Account.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0457.jp2"}, "454": {"fulltext": "446\\nTHE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nproprietors. Fenwick, accompanied by Peters, reached the fort in the spring.\\nThe plantation was called Saybrook, as a compliment to the two principal\\npersonages interested in its founding,\\nSaybrook has perhaps acquired a certain importance in the eyes of histor-\\nical writers to which no other spot of New England s soil can pretend. There\\nis little room to doubt that Lord Say, and perhaps some of his associates,\\nstrongly entertained the idea of removing thither.^ A more debatable asser-\\ntion, which is, however, well fortified with authorities, represents Oliver Crom-\\nwell, John Hampden, Pym, and Sir Arthur Haselrig as having been prevented\\nfrom embarking only by an express order from the king some, indeed, assert\\nthat they actually embarked.^\\nIn the old burial-place of Saybrook Point is the most curious sepulchral\\nmemorial in Xew England. I can\\ncompare it with nothing but a Druid\\nmonument, it is so massy, so roughly\\nshaped, and so peculiar in form. Un-\\ntil a few years ago, it stood within a\\nfield south-west of the foi t, over the\\ndust of George Fenwick s wife, a\\nwoman of gentle blood. The im-\\nprovements made by the railway in\\nthis vicinity caused the removal of\\nthe monument to its present position.\\nWhen the remains of Lady Fenwick\\nwere disinterred, the skeleton was\\nfound to be nearly entire. Beneath\\nthe skull was lying a heavy braid of\\nauburn hair, which was parceled out among the villagers. My inlormant of-\\nfered to show me the tress that had fallen to his share.\\nI acknowledge it, I am the fool of association and when I see the spade\\nthrust among graves, I wince a little. I would have Shakspeare s appeal and\\nmalediction inscribed over the entrance to every old grave-yard in New En-\\nSee the correspondence in Iliitcliinson s History of Mnssaduisctts, appendix, vol. i., be-\\ntween John Cotton and Lord Say.\\nTliere is nothing improI)iihle in tlie story, eitlier from the rank or jiolitical importance of the\\npersonages mentioned the civil commotions in England rather give it a groundwork of prohahil-\\nity. The authorities in siij)port of tiic emigration arc Dr. George Bates, the physician of Crom-\\nwell, in his Elenr.hns Maluum Niiperorinn in ^In!///*/, William Lilly s JJfe and Times (Lon-\\ndon, 1822), Sir William Dugdale s Troubles in England, Mather s Magnalia, Oldmixon s\\nBritish Empire in America, Ncal s History of New England, and Hutchinson s History of\\nMassachusetts. Hume, Chalmers, Grahame, Hallam, Itussell, Macaulay, ami others repeat the\\nstory with various modifications; Aiken, Eorster, Bancroft, Young, and others deny or doubt it.\\nThe arguments pro and cun may be consulted in the New England Historical and Genealogical\\nllegister for 18GG.\\nA MOSS-GKOWN MEMORIAL.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0458.jp2"}, "455": {"fulltext": "SAYBROOK. 447\\ngland. But, after all, what is Shakspeare s malediction to these trouble-\\ntombs who anticipate the Resurrection, and give the burial service the lie.\\nOur bones ache at the thought of being tossed about on a laborer s shovel.\\nRather come cremation than mere tenure at will at the tender mercies of\\nthese levelers. When we have been put to bed with a shovel, and have\\npulled our green coverlet over us, let v\\\\s have the peace that passeth all un-\\nderstanding.\\nNot much is known of Lady Anne Boteler, or Butler, the wife of George\\nFenwick. It is surmised that she died in childbed. The inscription that her\\nmonument undoubtedly bore has been so long obliterated that no record re-\\nmains of it. A newer one, with the simple name and date, Lady Fenwick,\\ndied 1648, has been cut in the perishable sandstone. Some one has also\\ncaused the cross to be chiseled there. Considering the peculiar aversion\\nwith which the Puritans regarded the cross, the appearance of one on the\\ntombstone of Lady Fenwick is suggestive of the famous prohibition of the\\ncemetery of Saint Medard\\nDe par le roi, defense a Dieu\\nDe faire miracle en ce lieu.\\nDr. Dwight states, as of report, that Fenwick, before his return to En-\\ngland, made provision for having his wife s tomb kept in repair. The sale of\\nthe title of Lords Say and Brook by him, in 1644, to Connecticut, is consid-\\nered evidence as well of the existence of the design of removal alluded to as\\nof its abandonment. After the death of Lady Fenwick her husband returned\\nto England, and is mentioned as one of the regicide-judges. He subsequently\\nappears with the title of colonel, and is believed to be the same person\\nwho besieged Hume Castle, in 1650, for Cromwell. On being summoned, the\\ngovernor sent his defiance in verse\\nI, William of the Wastle,\\nAm now in my Castle\\nAnd aw the dogs in the town\\nShanna gar me gang down.\\nThe Eno-lish at Saybrook Point protected the land approach with a pali-\\nLechford in his Plain Dealing, says, There are five or six townes and Churches upon\\nthe River Connecticut where are worthy master Hooker, master Warham, master llewet, and\\ndivers others, and master Fenwike, witli the Lady Boteler, at the river s mouth in a faire house,\\nand well fortified, and one master Higgison, a young man, their chaplain. These Plantations\\nhave a Patent; the Lady was lately admitted of Master Hooker s Church, and thereupon her child\\nwas baptized.\\n-Fenwick played upon him a little with the great guns, which did gar him gang down\\nmore fool than he went up. Cari.yle. Hutchinson places his death in 1^57. There was a Lieu-\\ntenant-colonel Fenwick killed in one of the battles between Conde and Turenne, in Flanders, in\\n1G58. The action occurred before Dunkirk. Fenwick s last request of Lockliart, the English\\ncommander, was to be buried in Dunkirk. Thurloe, vol. i., p. 156.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0459.jp2"}, "456": {"fulltext": "448 THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.\\nsade drawn across the narrow isthmus, wliicli very high tides overflowed and\\nisolated from tlie main-land. Their corn-tield was two miles distant from the\\nfort, and skulking Pequots were always on the alert to waylay and murder\\nthem. Some of the Bay magistrates having sjjoken contemptuously of Indian\\narrows, Gardiner sent them the rib of a man in which one, after passing\\nthrough the bod3%had buried itself so that it could not be withdrawn.\\nGardiner s manner of dealing with Indians was peculiar. When the ex-\\npedition against the Pequots was at Saybrook Fort, distrusting Mohegan\\nfaith, he resolved to make a trial of it. He therefore called Uncas before him,\\nand said, You say you will help Major Mason, but I will first see it; thei e-\\nfore send you now twenty men to the Bass Rivei for there went yesterniglit\\nsix Indians in a canoe thithei fetch them now, dead or alive, and then you\\nshall go with Major Mason, else not. So Uncas sent his men, who killed\\nfour and captured one, the sixth making his escape.\\nThe old burial-ground of Saybrook is neat and well kept. Lady Fen-\\nwick s monument is just within the entrance, concealed by a clump of fir-\\ntrees. Not a quarter of the graves have stones, and that part of the ground\\noccupied by the ancients of the village is so mounded and overcrowded that\\nyou may not avoid walking upon them. In another spot head-stones jutted\\nabove the turf at every variety of angle, and several monuments had cavities,\\nshowing where they had been robbed of leaden coats of ai ms to run into\\nbullets, perhaps. All are of amjjle dimensions, and on older ones creeping\\nmosses conceal the inscriptions. The variety of color presented by slate,\\nsandstone, or marble upon green is not unpleasing to the eye, yet those\\nreckonings scored ui)on slate shall endure longest.\\nIn the Hart iiiclosure repose the aslies of the once beautiful Jeannette M,\\nM. Hart, whose slab bears the symbol of her faith, Slie, the fairest of all tlie\\nsisters, renounced the world and, embracing tlie Homan faith, became a nun.\\nHer remains were brought home from Home, and laid to I cst with the service\\nof the Church of England, In a little sepai-ate inclosure, whispered to have\\nbeen consecrated by the rite of Koine, another sister is lying. When Com-\\nmodore Hull cruised in the old frigate United States, one of these beautiful\\ngirls was on board his ship. She was seen by Bolivar, who fell desperately\\nin love with lu-r at a ball, and bfcame so attentive that the .Vmerican ofiicers\\nbelieved they were betrothed.\\nSaybrook was also the original site of Yale College, fifteen commence-\\nLion Gardiner became tlie owner of tlic fertile island bearing bis name at tlie oast end of Long\\nI.-lanti. It is seven miles long and a mile broad, witb excellent soil. Some time ago its pecnliar\\nbeauty and salubrity caused it to be called the Isle of Wight. Tiic island, I believe, still remains\\nill the ])ossessioii of the Gardiner family. For many ycais it descended regidaily from father to\\nson by entail. The Indian name was Miinsbongonuc, or the place of Indian graves.\\nOne sister married Commodore Ilidl, as related; another married Hon. Hemau Allen, minis-\\nter to Ciiili and a thiid, Kev. Dr. Jarvis, of St. Paufs, Boston.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0460.jp2"}, "457": {"fulltext": "SAYBROOK. 449\\nments having occurred here. The building, which Avas of a single story,\\nstood about midway between fort and palisade. Its removal, in 1718, to New\\nHaven occasioned great excitement, and the library had to be carried awav\\nunder the protection of a guard. The Saybrook Platform, so called, Avas\\nadopted here after the commencement of 1T08. Harvard and Yale were in\\ninfancy probably not different from those Scotch universities which Dr. John-\\nson said were like a besieged town, where every man had a mouthful, but no\\nman a bellyful.\\nThe shores about Saybrook offer little that is noteworthy. On the beach\\nthe tide softly laps the incline of sand, that looks like a slab of red freestone,\\nfine-grained and hard. A dry spot flashing beneath your tread, or perhaps\\na sea-bird circling above your head, attends your loiterings.\\nLook now off upon the Sound, where the golden sunset is flowing over it,\\ngilding the waves, the distant shores, and the sails of passing vessels with\\nbeams that in dying are transfused into celestial fires. Idle boats are rocked\\nand caressed on this golden sea. Yonder distant gleam is a light-house, kin-\\ndled with heavenly flame. The world is transfigured, that we may believe in\\nParadise. Soon yellow flushes into pale crimson, blending with a sapphire\\nsky. Standing on the strand, we are transformed, and seem to quaff* of the\\nelixir of life. Now the violet twilight deepens into sombre shadows. A\\nspark appears in the farther sea. Soon others shine out like glow-worms in\\nyour path; while twinkling stars, seen for a moment, disappear, as if they, too,\\nrevolved for some more distant shore. The Sound becomes a vague and heav-\\ning blackness. And now, with gentle murmurings, the rising tide effaces our\\nwayward foot-prints.\\n29", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0461.jp2"}, "458": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0462.jp2"}, "459": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nAcadia, New England, included in, 18 means\\ntaken to people, 25 expatriation of the\\nFrench, 303.\\nAdams, John, resists the pretensions of the\\nFrench Directory, 378, 392.\\nAganienticus, called Snadoun Hill, 21 landfall\\nofearly navigators, 120 ascent of, 123; mount-\\nains seen from, 125.\\nAgassiz, Louis, at Mount Desert, 48 anecdotes\\nof, and personal appearance, 49.\\nAlden, John, claimed to have first landed on\\nPlymouth Rock, 290 tradition of his court-\\nship, 300, 301.\\nAlexander, William (Earl of Sterling), islands\\nin his patent, 339.\\nAlfonse, Jean, cited, 18; his manuscripts and ac-\\ncount of him, 22.\\nAUerton, Isaac, at Marblehead, 236.\\nAppledore Island, 160, 187.\\nArgall, Sir Samuel, his descent at Mount Desert\\nIsland, 24, 36.\\nArnold, Governor Benedict, extract from his will,\\n371, note.\\nArnold, General Benedict, 427; anecdote of, 427,\\n428 attacks New London, 428, 429 birth-\\nplace, 437.\\nAubert, Thomas, supposed discovery by, 21, 275.\\nAudubon, John James, at Mount Desert, 48.\\nAuvergne, Latour de, in America, 396.\\nAuvergne regiment, 396.\\nB.\\nBadger s Island, 149.\\nBald Head Cliff (York, Maine), described, llo,\\nIIG; wreck at, 117.\\nBar Harbor, visit to, 43.\\nBarton, Colonel William, carries off General Pres-\\ncott, 409, 410.\\nBasques, on the New England coast, 125 at\\nNewfoundland, 126.\\nBaye Fran9oise, tlie true Frenchman s Bay, 50.\\nBeauchamp, John, mentioned, 60.\\nBeaver Tail (Newport), 357, 381.\\nBeaver, the, former value of, 41, 42.\\nBeebe, Rev. George, at the Shoals, 167.\\nBelfast, Maine, name of, 63, note.\\nBelknap, Jeremy, his account of a sand-ava-\\nlanche, 319.\\nBerkeley, George (Bishop), portrait of, 368 at\\nNewport, 384.\\nBernard, General Simon, Napoleon s estimate of,\\n378, 379 in the United States, 379 builds\\nFortress Monroe and Fort Morgan, 379, note.\\nBiard, Pere, arrives at Port Royal, 35 at Mount\\nDesert, 35.\\nBillington, John, executed at Plymouth, 267.\\nBiron, Due de Lauzun, 394.\\nBlauw, or Blaeuv Guillaume, atlas cited, 21.\\nBlock Island, 421. See note.\\nBlue-berries, their value in New England, 3D\\nhumors of the pickers, 120.\\nBlue-fish, singular disappearance of, 344.\\nBlythe, Captain Samuel, killed, 107.\\nBody of Laws, extracts from, 268.\\nBon Tem^js, order of, 95, 96.\\nBoon Island, \\\\WQck oi t\\\\\\\\Q Nottingham, 172, 173.\\nBoteler, Lady Anne. See Fenwick.\\nBradford, William, his manuscript history of\\nPlymouth, 268 monument at Plymouth, 277;\\n284, 285, 286, 290, note, 291 receives Massa-\\nsoit, 293, 294 account of Cape Cod, 307.\\nBrevoort, J. Carson, 359, note.\\nBrigadier s Island, ownership and fishery at, 64.\\nBrock, Rev. John, anecdote of, 163.\\nBrodhead, John Romeyn, mentioned, 22, note,\\n278.\\nBromfield, Major, kills Colonel Ledyard, 428.\\nBrother Jonntlian, origin of the name, 442, note.\\nBroughton, Nicholas, 251.\\nBrown, Dexter, establishes first stage-coach be-\\ntween Boston and Providence, 411.\\nBrown, Robert, founder of Brownists, 280, note.\\nBrown s Island (Plymouth), disappearance of,\\n295.\\nBull, Governor Henry, buritil-place of, 405, note.\\nBunoughs, George, at Wells, 111.\\nBurrows, Lieutenant William, killed, 107.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0463.jp2"}, "460": {"fulltext": "452\\nINDEX.\\nC.\\nCabot, Sebastian, voyage of, 20.\\nCamden Mountains, approacli to, 62 Indian\\nname of, 93.\\nCanonicut Island, visited, 380. See note.\\nCape Ann, fishery at, 157.\\nCape Arundel, spouting-horn at, 47.\\nCape Breton, early knowledge of, 21.\\nCape Cod, a coup d ceil of, 304-306 early ac-\\ncounts of, 307 Poutrincourt s fight at, 308\\nship canal begun from Barnstable to Buzzard s\\nBay, 311, note harbors frozen in 1875, 320\\nchanges in its exterior shores, 322, 323.\\nCape Cod Harbor (I^rovincetown).\\nCape Neddock, 122.\\nCapuchins, at Pentagoet, 81 Napoleon s opinion\\nof, 82.\\nCartier, Jacques, sails for America, 20 manner\\nof taking possession of Canada, 23.\\nCarver, John, supposed burial-place, 276.\\nCarver, Natiianiel, Lord Nelson s generous act to,\\n271.\\nCastin, the younger, kidnaped, 81 returns to\\nFrance, 81.\\nCastin, Jean Vincent, Baron de, sketch of, 79,\\n80 in the attack on Pemaquid, 98.\\nCastine, approach to, 64, 65 views from Fort\\nGeorge, 65 seized and fortified by the British,\\n67 besieged, 68, 69 Indian name of, 67\\nFort I entagoec described, 74; singidar dis-\\ncovery of coins at, 74, 75 its early history\\nsketched, 76-82 old cemetery of, 84.\\nCedar Island, 160.\\nChanibly, M. de, made prisoner at Pentagoet, 78.\\nChampernowne, Arthur, 149.\\nChainpernowne, Francis, 149.\\nChaini)Iain, Samuel, quoted, 18; title of his\\nmap, 22, note names Mount Desert, 28 voy-\\nage of 1604, 92, 93 suggests L Ordre de\\nBon Ten)ps, 95 descries Isles of Siioals, 122\\ndescription of Plymouth Bay, 274, 275 at\\nCape Cod, 308 account of Indian fishing, 314.\\nChanTiing, William EUery, 400, nofp.\\nCharlevoix s account of siege of Fort William\\nHenry, 99.\\nChastcUux, Marquis, 394.\\nChilton, Mary, tradition about, 291.\\nChouacouet. Sec Saco Uiver.\\nChristinas, how ol)served in Plymouth, 292.\\nCluibb, Pascho, surrenders the fort at Pemai|uid,\\n9 .l.\\nCliiucli, C olonel Benjamin, at Castine, 75, 302,\\n372.\\nCiiurch, F. E., anecdote of, 50.\\nClark, I). Wasgatt, a native of Mount Desert, 49.\\nClark s Island (Plymouth), 269; sail to, 295;\\nWatson House, 297 Election Rock, 297, 298\\nlanding of the exploring party, 298.\\nClinton, Sir Henry, outgeneraled by Washington,\\n428.\\nCob-money, specimens found at Castine, 75, note.\\nCod-fish aristocracy, origin of the appellation,\\n314.\\nCod-fishery in the sixteenth century, 156 in the\\nseventeenth, 232-236 at Provincetown, 313,\\n314.\\nCoddington, William, sketch of, 360; at Anne\\nHutchinson s trial, 361 decay of his family,\\n362 burial-place of, 405.\\nCoffin, Sir Isaac, founds a school at Nantucket,\\n341, 342.\\nCoggeshall, John, at Anne Hutchinson s trial,\\n361 monument to, 405.\\nColbert mentioned, 78, 82.\\nCollins, Captain Gamaliel, 316.\\nColonial society described, 60.\\nConnecticut River, settlements on, 444, 445, 446.\\nConstitution, frigate, chased into Marblehead,\\n256.\\nCorey, Giles, pressed to deatli, 227.\\nCorwin, Jonathan, a witch-judge, 223.\\nCousin, Captain, story of his discovery of Amer-\\nica, 22.\\nCradock, Governor Matthew, establisiies fi.sjiing-\\nstation at Marblehead, 236.\\nCranberry, the, growth and culture of, 39, 317.\\nCranberry Islands, 39.\\nCromwell, Oliver, his proposed emigration to\\nNew England, 446.\\nCushman, Charlotte, residence at Newport, 375.\\nCushman, Robert, 277.\\nCushman, Thomas, 277.\\nCutts, Ca))tain Joseph, 143.\\nCutts, Sarah Chauncy, sad story of, 142, 143.\\nCuttyhunk, first Englisli colony at, 327. See note.\\nD.\\nDamariscotta, oyster-shell hcajis at, visited and\\ndescribed, 100, 101.\\nDaniel, Father, his iiistory mentioned, 23.\\nDartmouth Indians sold as slaves, 302.\\nD Anliiay harnisay (Charles de Menou), at\\nPentagoet, 7() imbroglio with La Tour, 77\\nhis death, 78.\\nDean, John Ward, 173, note.\\nDeanc, John, 173.\\nDeane, Silas, Mr. Adams s ojjinion of, 431.\\nDecatur, Stephen, blockaded at New London,\\n432 duel with Barron, 433. See note.\\nDe Costa, B. F.. mentioned, 22, note.\\nDe Monts, efforts of to obtain colonists, 25\\ncedes his privileges in Acadia, 34, 35 his", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0464.jp2"}, "461": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n453\\ncommission and privileges, 1 53-155 descries\\nthe Isles of Shoals, 155; in Plymouth Bay,\\n273, 271, 275.\\nDerraer, Captain Thomas, at Nantucket, 324:.\\nDcux-Ponts, Count Christian, anecdote of, 395.\\nSee note.\\nD lberville, makes a demonstration against Pem-\\naquid, 97 captures Fort William Henry, 98.\\nSee note.\\nDighton Rock, inscription attributed to North-\\nmen, 3C9, 416, 417, 418.\\nDorr Rebellion, 365, note.\\nDoty or Doten, Edward, fights a duel, 266, 297,\\nnote.\\nDouglass, William, quoted, 23, 24.\\nDown East, an undiscovered countr} 85, 86.\\nDrake, Sir Bernard, manner of liis death, 24.\\nDreuillettes, Pere Gabriel, at Plymouth, 285.\\nDuck Island, 160, 190.\\nDummer, Shubael, minister of York, 135.\\nDumplings, fort on, 358, 380, 381.\\nDunbar, Colonel David, at Pemaquid, 100.\\nDutch Island, 380.\\nDu Thet, Gilbert, killed at Jlount Desert, 36.\\nDuxbury, sail to, from Plymouth, 299 Cap-\\ntain s Hill and monument, 300 historic per-\\nsonages of Duxbury, 300, et seq.\\nDwight, Timothy, at Newport, 370.\\nE.\\nEllery, William, his death, 400.\\nEndicott, Governor John, his farm, 218, 255.\\nEstaing, Count de, at Newport, 387 guillotined,\\n388.\\n67, 68, 69 imprisonment and escape of Gen-\\neral Wadsworth and Major Burton, 70, 71.\\nFort Griswold, 422. See note assault on, 428.\\n429. See note.\\nFort M Clary, 144.\\nFortress Monroe, 379.\\nFort Morgan, Mobile, 379, note.\\nFort Pentagoet, Castine, described, 73, 74.\\nFort Point, site of, 63, 66.\\nFort Sewall, Marblehead, 255.\\nFort Trumbull, 422. See note, 428.\\nFort William Henry, Pemaquid, description and\\nimportance of, 97 captured by Dlberville,\\n99.\\nFort Wolcott, 358. See note.\\nFox, George, at Newport, 403 denounces the\\nNew England magistrates, 403. See note.\\nFrankland, Sir Charles, romantic marriage of,\\n256.\\nFranklin, Benjamin, 341.\\nFremont, General John C, mentioned, 43.\\nFriday not an unlucky day, 26.\\nFuneral customs, ancient, 136.\\nG.\\nGardiner s Island, 448, note.\\nGardiner, Lion, at Saybrook, 445, 448. See note.\\nGarrison-houses described, 139, 140.\\nGay Head, Indian legend of, 349.\\nGeorge III., cause of his insanity, 394.\\nGerrish s Island, 149.\\nGerry, Elbridge, 249, 250.\\nGerrymander, the, origin of, 250, note.\\nGibson, James, 146.\\nExcommunication in New England churches, Gilbert, Raleigh, with Popham s colony, 93.\\n280, 281, note.\\nFaunce, Thomas, identifies Plymouth Rock, 289,\\nnote.\\nFenwick, George, 445, 446, 447.\\nFenwick, Lady, her remarkable monument, 446\\nher story, 447.\\nFillmore, John, exploit of, 176.\\nFisher s Island, 420, 422, note.\\nFlucker, Lucy, marries General Knox, 61.\\nFly, William, the pirate, 177, 178.\\nForefather s Day, its true date and significance,\\n290.\\nFort Adams, 358 Fort Day, 377 history of the\\nfortress, 377, 378.\\nFort Constitution, Great Island, New Hampshire,\\n199, 200.\\nFort Fenwick, Snybrook, 444, 445.\\nFort Frederick, Pemaquid, described, 96.\\nFort George, Castine, described, 06 siege of.\\nGilbert, Sir H., method of taking possession of\\nNewfoundland, 23.\\nGlover, General John, anecdote of, 253; tomb\\nof, 259.\\nGoat Island, Newport, 358.\\nGorgeana. See Old York.\\nGorges, Sir F., notice of Weymouth s voyage,\\n92 plantation at Agamenticus, Old York, 131,\\net seq.\\nGorges, Ferdinando, son of Thomas, 131.\\nGorges, Robert, 133.\\nGorges, Thomas, mayor of Gorgeana, 131.\\nGorges, Captain William, 131.\\nGreat Head Clitf, Mount Desert, 50.\\nGreat Island. See Newcastle.\\nGregoire, Madame, at Mount Desert, 56.\\nGridley, Richaid, at Louisburg, 147.\\nGroton, the battle monument, 427 British at-\\ntack on. 426: the Pequots destroyed, 429, 430.\\nGuercheville, Madame de, attempts to colonize\\nMount Desert, 34, 35, 36.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0465.jp2"}, "462": {"fulltext": "454\\nINDEX.\\nH.\\nHakluyt, Richard, quoted, 19.\\nHale, Rev. John, on witchcraft, 214.\\nHaley s Island. See Smutty Nose.\\nHaley, Samuel, 175 his epitaph, 183.\\nHamilton, Lady Emma, 433.\\nHancock, Dorothy Quincy, 204, 205.\\nHardy, Sir Thonuis Masterman, off New Lon-\\ndon, 432 declines a duel of ships, 433 at\\nNelson s death-bed, 433.\\nHarrison, Peter, 3G0. See note.\\nHart, General, William, 433. See note.\\nHawkins, Thomas, the pirate, 176.\\nHawthorne, Nathaniel, birthplace of, 221.\\nHebrews at Newport, 3GG, 3(57.\\nHem])stead, Sir Robert, 425.\\nHenrietta d Orleans poisoned, 56.\\nHenry IV. s projects in the New World, 20; as-\\nsassinated, 35.\\nHerring Cove, 319, 320.\\nHessians at Newport, 380, 381.\\nHigginson, Francis, account of Salem, etc., 241.\\nHilton, Martha, romantic story of, 205, 206.\\nHilton, Richard, 205. See note.\\nHog Island. See Appledore.\\nHolmes s Hole, 327, note.\\nHontvet, .lohn, heroism of his wife, 185.\\nHopkins, Dr. Samuel, 406.\\nHowe, Richard, Earl, naval action with D Es-\\ntaing, 388.\\nHowland s Ferry, 413, note.\\nHull, Commodore Isaac, 443, 444.\\nHull, General William, mentioned, 56.\\nHumphries, Joshua, re])ort on establishing a\\ndock -yard at Newport, 378.\\nHuntington, General El)en, 438, 439.\\nHuntington, tJeneial Jedidiaii, 438.\\nHuntington, Governor Samuel, 439.\\nHutchinson, Anne, her trial and banishment,\\n361, 362.\\nIreson, Benjamin (called Flood), of Marblehead,\\nstory of, 253, 254.\\nIsle an Haut, named, 29.\\nIsle Nauset, total disappearance of, 322.\\nIsle of Rhodes. Sre Rhode Island.\\nIsles of Shoals, De Monts sees them, 155; de-\\nscribed by Smith and Levett, 155, 156; advan-\\ntages for fishery, 157 sail from Portsmouth,\\n158; isles descril)ed, 160, spc note; their name,\\n161 general aspect of, 162; Star Island ram-\\nbles, 162, et scq. semi-l)arbarous condition of\\nancient Gosport, 164, 165; bmial-grounds, 166,\\n167 caverns and cliffs, 168, 169, 170; Miss Un-\\nderhill s chair, 170, 171 mountains seen off the\\ncoast, 172, note; dun-fish, 174; Smutty Nose,\\n175 piracy in colonial time, 176-179 Black-\\nbeard, 178 Thomas Morton, Gent., 180, 181\\nSamuel Haley, 183; the Spanish wreck, 184;\\nWagnei the murderer, 185, 186 Appledore,\\n186-190; Duck Island, 190; Londoner s, 191\\nWhite Island Light, 192.\\nJackson, Andrew, 151.\\nJeffrey s Ledge, 161.\\nJesuits, persecutions by, 82 intrigues of, 82, 83.\\nJones, Margaret, executed as a witch, 210.\\nJourdan, Jean Baptiste, Marshal of France, at\\nNewport, 388.\\nJudson, Adoniram, 277.\\nKadesquit, probably Kenduskeag, 35.\\nKalb, Baron de, in New England on a secret\\nmission, 387.\\nKennebec River, discovery and name, 92.\\nKing, Charles Bird, 368.\\nKittery Point, named, 141, note the Cutts\\nHouse, 142; Fort M Clary, 144 the Pepper-\\nells, 144, et seq.; Pepperell tomb, 147; Ger-\\nrisli s Island, 149 other islands, 149 John\\nLangdon, 150, 151.\\nKnox, Gener^nl Henry, connection with Waldo\\npatent, 61 involves General Lincoln, 62.\\nLafayette, 390 at Newport, 391.\\nLaighton, Thomas B., 192.\\nLangdon, Joini, anecdotes of, 150, 151, 200, note.\\nLa I eyrouse in America, 71.\\nLa Tour, Aglate, sells the seigniory of Acadia, 78.\\nLa ToiH Chevalier, mentioned, 76 troubles\\nwith D Anlnay, 77, 78.\\nLawrence, Cajjtain James, death of, 257.\\nLee, General Charles, at Newport, 35(), note, 404.\\nI^ee, (^olonel Jeremiah, sketcli of, 245.\\nLee, John, 247.\\nLoe, William Raymond, 247.\\nLcfiingwcll, Thomas, relieves Uncas, 436.\\nLeonard Forge, Taunton, 419.\\nLcscarbot, Marc, his criticism of Alfonse, 18\\n(juoted, 58.\\nLevett, Christopher, mentioned, 96 describes\\nAgamentictis, 131 at Isles of Shoals, 155,\\n156, 161 notice of Plymouth, 273.\\nLeverett, John, a Muscongus patentee, 60 at\\nPentagoet, 78.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0466.jp2"}, "463": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n455\\nLincoln, General Benjamin, sketch of, 61.\\nLivevmore, Samuel, attempts to shoot Captain\\nBroke, 257.\\nLobsters, process of canning for market, 84;\\nfacts about, 85.\\nLongfellow, Hon. Stephen, 71.\\nLong Island Sound, 421.\\nLondoner s Island, 160, 191.\\nLouis XIV. marries De Maintenon, 82 opinion\\nof La Salle s discoveries, 83.\\nLovell, Solomon, commands in Penobscot expe-\\ndition, 68 retreats, 69.\\nM.\\nMackerel, habits of, 91.\\nMacy, Thomas, settles at Nantucket, 339.\\nMagnalia, Mather s, Southey s opinion of, 93.\\nMaine, sea-coast of, 17, 18; embraces Norum-\\nbega, Mavoshen, 18 other names applied to\\nher territory, 18 French occupation of, 18\\nher enterprise and products, 60 part of Mas-\\nsachusetts, 68.\\nMaintenon, Madame de, intrigue with the Jesu-\\nits, 82, 83.\\nMalaga Island, 160.\\nMalbone, Colonel Godfrey, 408, 409.\\nMalbone, Edward G., 409.\\nMananas Island, 104.\\nManly, John, 251, 252.\\nMansell, Sir Robert, mentioned, 34.\\nMarblehead, its conformation and topography,\\n228, 229, 2,30, 231 Lafayette there, 229 isl-\\nands off the port, 231 tlie Neck, 231 annals\\nand decay of the cod-lishery, 232, 233, 234,\\n235; early settlement, 236, 241, 242; de-\\nscribed, 238, 239, 240, 241 character of early\\nfishermen, 243; Goelet s account, 243; Lee\\nMansion, 245, 246; St. Michael s, 248; the\\nold sea-lions, 251, 252 the dialect, 254 Fort\\nSewall, 255 Chesapeake and Shannon, 256,\\n257 old burial ground, 258 perils of the\\nfishery, 259, 260.\\nMarriage, first, in New England, 285.\\nMashope, legend of, 349.\\nMason, Captain John, 201.\\nMason, John, attacks the Pequot stronghold, 429,\\nnote, 430.\\nMassachusetts Ba} alleged discovery of, 18, 22.\\nMassachusetts Historical Society, motive of its\\nfounding, 147.\\nMassasoit, entry into Plymouth, 293, 294.\\nMasse, Enemond, at Mount Desert, 35.\\n.Mavoshen, Maine, so styled, 18.\\nMayhew, Thomas, purchases Nantucket, 339\\nowns Martini s Vineyard and Elizabeth Isl-\\nands, 340.\\nMay-pole, ancient custom of, 182.\\nM Clary, Andrew, 144.\\nM Lean, (Colonel Francis, seizes and fortifies\\nCastine, 67.\\nMercator, atlas of, cited, 21.\\nMiantonimo makes war on Uncas, 435 is killed.\\n436.\\nMiantonimo Hill, 407, 408.\\nMohegan Indians, 436, 437.\\nMon began Island, probably seen and named in\\n1604, 92, 102 early knowledge of, 102 de-\\nscribed, 104 inscription at, 106 naval battle\\nnear, 106, 107, 324.\\nMoody, Joseph, Handkerchief, 135.\\nMoody, Rev. Samuel, anecdote of, 135 epitaph,\\n136.\\nMoore, Sir John, at Castine, 67 Napoleon s\\nopinion of, 68.\\nMorse, Rev. Jedediah, at the Shoals, 164 de-\\nscribes curing fish, 174.\\nMorse, S. F. B., paints Landing of Pilgrims, 264.\\nMorton, Thomas, his banishment, 180, 181.\\nMount Desert Island, discovered and named,\\n28 Champlain s description of, 29 mountain\\nranges, 29-32 approach from Ellsworth, 31\\nfirst settlers, 33 road to South-west Harbor,\\n33, 34 French colony on, 34,35,36; shell-\\nheaps at, 37; neighborhood of South-west\\nHarbor, 38, 39 islands oft Somes s Sound,\\n39; Christmas on, 40, et seq. route to Bar\\nHarbor, 41, 42 island nomenclature, 42 isl-\\nands oft Bar Harbor, 43 shore rambles to\\nSchooner Head and Great Head, 43-48 nat-\\nuralists and artists who have visited, 48-50;\\nexcursion to Otter Creek and North-east Har-\\nbor, 53, 54 the Ovens, etc., 55, 56.\\nMount Desert Rock, 53.\\nMount Hope, 414, 415, 416.\\nMugford, Captain James, 252, 253, 259.\\nMuscongus patent, history of, 60, 61.\\nN.\\nNantucket, its early discovery, 324 name, 325.\\n341 .voyage to, 326, 327 the town described,\\n328, 329, 330; whales, ships, and whaling,\\n331-334 Nantucket in the Revolution, 335\\ncruising for whales, 335 the camels, 336\\nwhaling annals, 336, 337 white settlement of\\nthe island, 339, 340, 341 Coffin school and\\nAdmir.al Sir Isaac Coffin, 342 black-fishing,\\n343, 344 blue-fisiiing at the Opening, 344,\\n345, 346 Coatue, 347 Indian legends, 349\\nIndian absolutism, 350; wasting of the shores,\\n350 Siasconset, 351, 352 the great South\\nShoal, 353; Sankoty Head, 854; Surfside,\\n354.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0467.jp2"}, "464": {"fulltext": "456\\nINDEX.\\nNarraganset Bay, Verrazani s supposed sojourn\\nin, 359.\\nNautican or Nauticon. See Nantucket.\\nNelson, Horatio, Lord, chivalric conduct of, 395.\\nSee note death-scene of, 433.\\nNelson, John, important services of, 98.\\nNewcastle, 190, et seq. the Pool, 197 old char-\\nter and records, 198, 199 Little Harbor, 200.\\nNew England of ancient writers, 17-27 early\\nnames of, 18, 19 first called New England,\\n20 attempts to colonize, 24 quality of emi-\\ngration to, 25 patents of, 133 supposed visit\\nof Northmen, 369, note.\\nNewfoundland, English occupation of, 23 seiz-\\nures of Portuguese at, 24 Basques at, 126\\nfisheries of, 156.\\nNew France, New England included in, 20, 21.\\nNew London, sail up the Thames, 422 the town\\nand its beginnings, 422, 423 light-houses and\\nlight-ships, 423, 424 Hempstead House, 425\\nCourt house, 424 old burial-ground, 426\\nthe harbor, 426 Arnold s descent, 428, 429.\\nNewport Artillery, 363, 364.\\nNewport, the old town, 356, et seq. its climate,\\n357 approach from sea, 357, 358 its com-\\nmerce, 359 street rambles, 359-372 City\\nHall, 360 Coddington s Cove, 302 the Wan-\\ntons, 362, 363 State House, 363, 364 Jews\\ncemetery, 305, 360, 367 Redwood Library,\\n367, 308 Old Stone Mill, 369, 370, 371, 372;\\nCliff Walk, 373, et seq. Forty Steps, 374\\ncottage life at the sea-side, 375 Lily Pond,\\nSpouting Ivock, and Brenton s Reef, 370 Fort\\nAdams and Fort Day, 377, 378, 379 Napo-\\nleon s engineer, 378, 379 Dumplings, 380\\nHessians, 381; the drives, 381,382; the beach-\\nes and Purgatory, 382, 383 Hanging Rock\\nand Whitehall, 384 the French occupation,\\n386, et seq.; French di]iloniacy, 387 attack of\\nD Estaing, 387, .388 celebrities of the French\\narmy and navy, 388-397 Riiode Island cem-\\netery, 398, et seq.; Qiiidxcr aimals, 401, et seq.;\\nother burial-jilaces, 405, 400.\\nNoailles, Viscount de, 391, 392.\\nNorembegue. See Norumbega.\\nNorth, Lord, how he received the news of Coni-\\nwallis s surrender, 393.\\nNorthmen, su))p()sed voyage to New England,\\n.309, note.\\nNorton, Francis, settles at Agamenticus, 131.\\nNorumliega, river and country of, 18, 19, 21 ex-\\nplored !)y liam])lain. 28.\\nNonvich, ajjproach to, 434 the Moliegnns, 435,\\n430, 437; the town, 439, 440, 441.\\nNubble, Tlic, not Savage Rock, 120.\\nNurse, Rebecca, executed for witciicraft, 213, 224,\\n226.\\nO.\\nOak Bluffs, cottage city at, 375.\\nOdiorne s Point, first settlement of New Hamp-\\nshire at, 200.\\nOgunquit described, 114, 115.\\nOld Colony, seal of, 207.\\nOldham, John, his ingenious punishment at Plym-\\nouth, 280, 287 killed, 421.\\nOld South Church, Boston, New England, library\\nin, plundered, 208.\\nOld Stone Mill, Newport, 369, 370, 371, 372.\\nOrleans, ancient wreck discovered at, 322.\\nOrtelius, map of, 19, 20.\\nOtis, James, at Plymouth, 288.\\nPaddock, Ichabod, teaches Nantucket men how\\nto take whales, 315.\\nParris, Samuel, witch-finders at his house, 213\\nhis minutes of examination, 224.\\nPeabody, George, 218.\\nPease, Samuel, fight with pirates, 176.\\nPemaquid Point, visit to, 87, et seq.; British de-\\nscent at, repulsed, 89 porgee fishery at, 89, 90\\nearly history, 92-101 Weymouth, at, 92 Fort\\nFrederick, at, 96, 97 other fortifications, 97\\nFort William Henry, at, captured, 99 ancient\\nsettlement at, 100 Indians kidnaped by Wey-\\nmouth, 105.\\nPemetiq. See Mount Desert.\\nPentagoet, meaning of the name, 19, note on\\nBlauw s map, 21; how settled, 25. See Cas-\\ntine.\\nPenobscot Bay and River, Chamjjlain s accoimt\\nof, 18, 19; called I emetegoit, 19: meaning of\\nname, 19, note called Pembrock s Bay, 21\\nSmith s account of, 24 approach to in a fog,\\n58. 59 described, 63, 04.\\nPenobscot Expedition, history of. 68, 09.\\nPe] perell, Andrew, his affair with Hannah Wal-\\ndo, 01.\\nIVjiiierell, Sir William, 01 sketch and residence\\nof, 144-147 portrait of, 145, 140 his tomb,\\n147 Pejjperell William, Sen., 188.\\nPerry, Oliver Hazard, 303 monument to, 401,\\n404.\\nPeters. Hugh, 445.\\nPhilip, King, 349; seatat Mount Hope, 414 his\\ncajjtnre, 41(!.\\nPhips, Sir William, builds Fort William Henry,\\n97 his connection with witchcraft, 210 ac-\\ncusation of his wife, 214.\\nPigot, Sir Robert, defends Newport, 387.\\nPilgrims, the, not strictly Puritans, 280; their\\nchurch, 280, 281, 282 land at Cape Cod, 307.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0468.jp2"}, "465": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n457\\nPillory, one described, 365.\\nFiscataqua, capture proposed, 80 sail down,\\n159 Earl Bellomont s opinion of, 197.\\nPlymouth Bay, 268, 274, 275.\\nPlymouth Beach, 269.\\nPlymouth, on Smith s map, 21 establishes a\\ntrading-house at Castine, 76 dispossessed, 76,\\n77 the colony patents, 133 Plymouth de-\\nscribed, 262 Pilgrim memorials, 263-267\\npictures of the Landing, 264; first duel at\\nPlymouth, 266 the colony seal, 267 the\\ncompact, 267; first execution, 267; Pilgrim\\nlaws and chronicles, 268 Burial Hill, 268,\\n276, 277, 278, 279; the harbor, 268, 269;\\nnames of the settlement, 270 why it was\\nchosen, 271 desolated by a plague, 272, 273\\nFrench make the first landing, 274, 275 oth-\\ner settlements called Plymouth, 276 Pilgrims\\nfirst church, 278 church customs, 279, 280\\nLeyden Street, 283, et seq.; the town in 1627,\\n284; Governor Bradford s, 286 Allyne House,\\n287 Cole s Hill, 288 Plymouth Kock, 289\\nthe Landing, 290, 291 Samoset, 292 entry\\nof Massasoit, 293, 294 Clark s Island, 295,\\net seq. See article, Clark s Island, Plymouth\\nBeach, 296.\\nPlymouth, England, 270.\\nPlum Island, 421.\\nPoint Judith, 357. See note.\\nPoint of Graves, 196, 202.\\nPoore, Ben Perley, mentioned, 22, note.\\nPopham, Chief-justice, eftbrts to colonize New\\nEngland, 93, 94.\\nPopham, George, leader of the colony at the\\nKennebec, 93 death, 93.\\nPopular superstitions, some enumerated, 114.\\nPorcupine Islands, 43.\\nPort Royal settled, 95.\\nPort St. Louis. See Plymouth, 275.\\nPound, Thomas, a pirate, 176.\\nPoutrincourt, Biencourt, arrives at Port Royal, 35.\\nPoutrincourt, Jean de, receives Port Royal from\\nDe Monts, 34 his fight with natives at Cape\\nCod, 308.\\nPownall, Thomas, builds a fort on the Penob-\\nscot, 66.\\nPrior, IMatthew, allowed roast beef in Lent, 314.\\nProvincetown, described, 309-312: Town Hill,\\n311 cape names, 312 Portuguese colony\\nat, 312, 313 fishery of, 313, et seq. whaling\\nfrom, 315 the desert, 316 cranberry culture,\\n317; walk to Race Point, 316, et seq.; the\\nsand-avalanche, 319 huts of refuge, Herring\\nCove, 319 the terrible winter of 1874- 7;\\n320 disasters on the ocean side, 321. 322.\\nPrudence Island. 380.\\nI urchas, Samuel, quoted, 24.\\nPurgatory Bluff, 383.\\nPuritans distinguished from Separatists, 280.\\nPutnam, General Israel, birthplace of, 217; la-\\nconic letter to Governor Try on, 218.\\nQ.\\nQuakers as sailors, 339. See note, 401, et seq.\\npersecution in New England, 402, 4:03 burial\\ncustoms, 404.\\nQuincy, Dorothy (Madam Hancock), 205.\\nQuincy, Josiah, 406.\\nQuincy, Judith, 357.\\nR.\\nRace Point, 311, 819.\\nRamusio, Giambetta, map cited, 21.\\nRasieres, Isaac de, at Plymouth, 278, 283.\\nRazilly, Isaac de, commands in Acadia, 77.\\nRedwood, Abraham, 367, 368. See note.\\nRedwood Library, Newport, 368. -See note.\\nRevere, Paul, in Penobscot expedition, 68.\\nRhode Island, island of, 407, et seq. Tonomy\\nHill, 107 the Glen, 408 Prescott s capture,\\n409, 410 Talbot s feat, 410, 411 early stages,\\n411; Lawton s Valley, 412; early settlement\\nof, 413, 414 Revolutionary earthworks and\\nhistory, 413, 414.\\nRichmond s Island, 869, note.\\nRochainbeau, Count, proposes the capture of\\nPenobscot. 71 at Newport, 388, 389, 890, 391.\\nRockland, brief sketch of, 59, 60.\\nSaco Beach, superstition relative to, 114.\\nSaco River, on Biauw s map, 21 Richard Vines\\nat, 133 De :Monts there, 154.\\nSalem in 1692, 220, 222 old witch house, 223\\nWitch Hill, 225 hanging the condemned\\nwitches at, 226; formation of church at, 281.\\nSalem Village, witchcraft at, 208, et seq. the\\nWitch Ground, 213 names of the witch-find-\\ners, 213, note their motives and power, 214\\nhumors of witchcraft, 215, 216.\\nSalmon, disappearance of, 64.\\nSaltonstall, Ca|)tain, commands in Penobscot ex-\\npedition, 68 disagreement witli General Lov-\\nell, 69.\\nSamoset, sagamore of Pemaquid, 96, 264 at\\nPlymouth, 292, 293.\\nSandeyn, Arthur, 256.\\nSankoty Head, 854.\\nSargent, Henry, paints Landing of Pilgrims,\\n264.\\nSassafras, its medicinal virtues, 126.\\nSavage Rock, probably at Cape Ann, 120, 121.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0469.jp2"}, "466": {"fulltext": "458\\nINDEX.\\nSay, Lord, proposes to emigrate to Xew England,\\n446.\\nSavbrook, 441, e seq.; Hart mansion, 443 old\\nfortress at the Point, 444 settled, 44,5 Crom-\\nwell s proposed emigration to, 446 old burial-\\nplace, 446, 447, 448.\\nScallop-shell, its historical significance, 348.\\nSchooner Head, a visit to, 46.\\nSeabiiry, Samuel, Bishop, 425. 426. See note.\\nSedgwick, Robert, at Fentagoet and Jamaica, 78.\\nSelman, John, 251.\\nSewall, Samuel, recants his belief in witchcraft,\\n225.\\nSewall, David, 136.\\nSheaife, Jacob, 151.\\nSherburne. See Nantncket.\\nShipwrecks: the Isidore, 117, et seq.; on Smut-\\nty Nose, 184; the Nottingham, 172, 173; at\\nCape Cod, 272; the General Arnold, 296; the\\nJames Romviell, 320, 321 the Giovanni, 321,\\n322; J^ssez, of Nantucket, 337.\\nSiasconset, Nantucket Island, visited, 350, 351,\\n352.\\nSiddons, Sarah, anecdote of, 376.\\nSmibert, John, at Newport, 384, 385. See note.\\nSmith, Captain David, 316, note.\\nSmith, John, names New England, 20 his map,\\n21 mentions Monhegan, 104 monument.\\nStar Island, 167 Appledore, 189 account of\\nCape Cod, 307.\\nSmutty Nose Island, 160, 175, 182.\\nSomes s Sound, 31, et passim.\\nSomesville, Mount Desert, 30; first settlers of, 33.\\nSouthack, Cyprian, his chart, 308.\\nSouthworth, Alice (Carpenter), 284, 285.\\nSparhawk, Harriet Hirst, 147.\\nSparhawk, William (re])perell), 147.\\nStandish, Miles, his sword, 266 residence, 300\\nsketch of, 301.\\nStar Island, 160, 162, et seq.\\nStephens, Kev. Josiai). epitajjh of, 166.\\nSteuben, Baron, arrival at Portsmouth, 207.\\nStevens, General Isaac Ingalis, 401.\\nStiles, Dr. Ezra, at Newport, 304, 368.\\nStory, Elisha, 248.\\nStory, Jose])h, birtli))lace of, 248.\\nStoughtfin, William, 225.\\nStrafiord, Earl of, 204.\\nStuart, Gilbert, anecdote of, 406.\\nSullivan, John, 200, note fights a battle on\\nRhode Island, 41t). See note.\\nSurriage, Agnes, marries a baronet, 256.\\nTalbot, Silas, brilliant acliievement of, 410, 411.\\nTarrantines, their country, 19, 24.\\nTaunton River, 414, 415, 416, 417.\\nTemple, Sir Thomas, renders Fort Pentagoet,\\n74, 78.\\nTeiTiay, ^I. de, Admiral, dies at Newport, 391.\\nThatcher, James, 264, note.\\nThaxter, Celia Laighton, 192.\\nThevet, Andre, cited, 19, note.\\nThomaston, Maine, named, 60, note.\\nThompson, David, at Little Harbor, 201.\\nTotten, General Joseph Gilbert, builds Fort Ad-\\nams, 378 relations with General Simon Ber-\\nnard, 379.\\nTouro, Abraham, 366, note, 367.\\nTouro, Judah, 367, note.\\nTrevett, Samuel, 253.\\nTruro, Provincetown part of, 309.\\nTucke, Rev. John, 163, 166, 167.\\nTucker, Samuel, 252.\\nTuckanuck Island, 344. See note.\\nU.\\nUncas, fights and conquers Miantonimo, 435\\nslays him, 436 burial-place, 436 frieudshij)\\nfor the English, 437. See note.\\nUnderbill, Nancy J., death at Star Island, 170,\\n171.\\nVane, Henry, procures a pass for New England,\\n94,413.\\nVaughan, Colonel William, 146.\\nVerrazani, Juan, his voyage, 20 gives New En-\\ngland a Christian name, 20.\\nVines, Richard, in New England, 133, 272.\\nVinton, Rev. Francis, burial-place of, 401.\\nW.\\nWadsworth, Peleg, in Penobscot expedition, 68\\nkidnaped, 69 escapes from Fort George, 70,\\n71.\\nWagner, Louis, 138, 185, 186.\\nWaldo, Hannah, marries Thomas Flucker, 61.\\nWaldo patent. -See Muscongus patent.\\nWaldo, Samuel, sketch of, 61.\\nWanton, Joseph, his personal appearance, 363,\\nsee note portrait of, 368 arrested, 405.\\nWarren, James, originates a Revolutionary junto,\\n288.\\nWarren, Mercy, her history of the Revolution.\\n288.\\nWashing-day in New England, inaugurated, 307.\\nWashington, George, at Kittery, 151 at Mar-\\nblehead, 247; disapproves the occupation of\\nNewport by Rochambeau, 389 at Newport,\\n391.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0470.jp2"}, "467": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n459\\nWatch Hill, Rhode Island, 420. -See note.\\nWebster, Daniel, residence and burial-place, 302.\\nWells, Maine, walks in, 110 beach rambles, 111,\\n112, 113.\\nWentworth, Benning, his mansion, Little Harbor,\\n203, et seq.\\nWentworth, Frances Deering, 206, 207.\\nWentworth, Hon. John, 202.\\nWentworth, John, 202.\\nWentworth, Sir John, sketch of, 206, 207.\\nWentworth, Colonel Michael, 206, note.\\nWentworth, Samuel, 202.\\nWentworth, Reginald, 201.\\nWeymouth, Captain George. *See note, 76 ac-\\ncounts of his voyage, 92 at Monhegan Isl-\\nand, 104, 105.\\nWhale-fisheiy in New England, originates at Cape\\nCod, 315 of Nantucket, 331, et seq.\\nWheelwright, John, sketch of him, 110.\\nWhite Island, 160, 192.\\nWhitefield, George, 147.\\nWilliams, Roger, residence of, 222 on Quakers,\\n404, 413.\\nWinslow, General John, 303.\\nWinthrop, John, Jun., 422, 423, note.\\nWitchcraft. *?ee Salem Village.\\nWood End, 311.\\nWyllys, Samuel, buys Plum Island, 421.\\nYale College, founded at Saybrook, 448, 449.\\nYankee, disappearance of the, 442.\\nYork, called Boston, 21 Cape Neddock, 122\\nY ork Beach, 127 York Harbor, 130 histor-\\nical re sume, 131 indifferent leputation of,\\n132 meeting-house, first parish, 134 old jail.\\n136; Woodbridge s tavern, 138; Cider Hill,\\n138; garrison-house, 139, 140 Sewall s bridge,\\n141.\\nTHE ENDo", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0471.jp2"}, "468": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0472.jp2"}, "469": {"fulltext": "YALUABLE AND mXERESTOG\\nWOEKS OF TEAVEL\\nPublished by HAKPER BROTHERS, New York.\\n2^^ Harper Brothers will send either of the following works by mail, postage prepaid, to any\\npart of the United States or Canada, on receipt of the price.\\nDR. LIVINGSTONE S LAST JOURNALS. The Last\\nJouruals of Dr. Liviugstoue in Central Africa, from\\n1805 to his Death. Continued by a Narrative of his\\nLast Moments and Sufferings, obtained from his\\nFaithful Servants Chuma and Susi. By Horace\\nWai.i.er, F.R.G.S., Rector of Twywell, Northamp-\\nton. With Maps and Illustrations. 8vo, Cloth, $5 00.\\nCheap Edition, with Map and Illustrations, Svo,\\nCloth, $2 50.\\nSIR SAMUEL BAKER S ISMAILIA. Ismailia: A\\nNarrative of the Expedition to Central Africa for\\nthe Suppression of the Slave Trade. Organized by\\nIsmail, Khedive of Egypt. By Sir Samuel Bakicii,\\nPasha, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.G.S. With Maps, Por-\\ntraits, and upward of Fifty full -page Illustrations\\nby ZwEOKEB and Duband. Svo, Cloth, $5 00.\\nSCHWEINFURTH S HEART OF AFRICA. The\\nHeart of Africa or. Three Years Travels and Ad-\\nventures in the Unexplored Regions of the Centre of\\nAfrica. From 186S to ISTl. By Dr. Georg Souwein-\\nFURTii. Translated by Ellen E. Frewer. With an\\nIntroduction by Winwood Reade. Illustrated by\\nabout 130 Woodcuts from Drawings made by the\\nAuthor, and with two Maps. 2 vols., Svo, Cloth, $S 00.\\nNORDHOFF S CALIFORNIA. California for\\nHealth, Pleasure, and Residence. A Book for\\nTravellers and Settlers. By Charles Norbhoff.\\nWith Illustrations. Svo, Paper, $2 00 Cloth, $2 50.\\nNORDHOFF S NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. ORE-\\nGON, AND THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. North-\\nern California, Oregon, and the Sandwich Islands.\\nBv Chaui.es Norhuoff. Profusely Illustrated. Svo,\\nCioth, $2 50.\\nPRIME S TRAVELS. Around the world. By En-\\nWAUD D. G. Prime, D.D. With numerous Illustra-\\ntions. C;rown Svo, Cloth, $.3 00.\\nPRIME S (W. C.) TENT LIFE IN THE HOLY\\nLAND. Tent-Life in the Holy Land. Bv William\\nC. Prime. Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.\\nPALMER S DESERT OF THE EXODUS. Jour-\\nneys on Foot in the Wilderness of the Forty Years\\nWanderings; undertaken in connection with the\\nOrdnance Survey of Sinai and the Palestine Explo-\\nrati(m Fund. By E. H. Palmer, M.A., Lord Almon-\\ner s Professor of Arabic, and Fellow of St. John s\\nCollege, Cambridge. With Maps and numerous Il-\\nlustrations from Photographs and Drawings taken\\non the spot bv the Sinai Survey Expedition and\\nC. F. Tyrwhitt Drake. Crown Svo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nATKINSON S AMOOR REGIONS. Travels in the\\nRegions of the Upper and Lower Ani0(n-, and the\\nRussian Acquisitions on the Confines of India and\\nChina. With Adventures among the Mountain\\nKirghis, and the Manjours, Manyargs, Toungous,\\nTotizempts, Goldi, and Gelyaks, the Hunting and\\nPastoral Tribes. Bv Thomas Witlam Atkinson,\\nF.G.S., F.R.G.S. With a Map and numerous Illus-\\ntrations. Svo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nVINCENT S LAND OF THE WHITE ELEPHANT.\\nThe Land of the White Elephant. Sights and\\nScenes in Southeastern Asia. A Personal Narrative\\nof Travel and Adventure in Farther India, embrac-\\ning the Countries of Burma, Siam, Cambodia, and\\nCochin -China (1S71-2). By Frank Vincent, Jr.\\nWith Map,Plans,and numerous Illustrations. Crown\\nSvo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nTHOMSON S MALACCA, INDO CHINA, AND\\nCHINA. The Straits of Malacca Indo-China, and\\nChina; or, Ten Years Travels, Adventures, and\\nResidence Abroad. By J. Thomson, F.R.G.S. With\\nover 60 Illustrations from the Author s own Photo-\\ngraphs and Sketches. Svo, Cloth, 00.\\nTYSON S ARCTIC EXPERIENCES. Arctic Expe-\\nriences containing Captain George E. Tyson s Drift\\non the Ice-Floe, a Histoiy of the Polaris Expedition,\\nthe Cruise of the Tigris, and Rescue of the Polaris\\nSurvivors. To which is added a General Arctic\\nChronology. Edited by E. Vale Blake. With\\nMap and numerous Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $4 00.\\nMYERS S REMAINS OF LOST EMPIRES. Remains\\nof Lost Empires. Sketches of the Ruins of Palmyra,\\nNineveh, Babylon, and Persepolis, with some Notes\\non India and the Cashmeriau Himalayas. By\\nP.V.N.MvEus,A.M. Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nTRISTRAM S LAND OF MOAB. The Land of Moab:\\nThe Result of Travels and Discoveries on the East\\nSide of the Dead Sea and the Jordan. By H. B. Tris-\\ntram, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. With a Chapter on the\\nPersian Palace of Mai-hita,by Jas. Ferghson, F.R.S.,\\nand Illustrations. Crown Svo, Cloth, $2 50.\\nATKINSON S SIBERIA. Oriental and Western Si-\\nberia a Narrative of Seven Years Explorations\\nand Adventures in Siberia, Mongolia, the Kirghis\\nSteppes, Chinese Tartary, and Part of Central Asia.\\nBy Thomas Witlam Atkinson. With a Map and\\nnumerous Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $3 5(i.\\nALCOCK S JAPAN. The Capital of the Tycoon a\\nNarrative of a Three Years Residence in Japan.\\nSy Sir Rutherford Alcook, K.C.B., Her Majesty s\\nEiivoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary\\nin Japan. With Maps and Engravings. 2 vols.,\\n12mo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nBAIRD S MODERN GREECE. Modern Greece: a\\nNarrative of a Residence and Travels in that Coun-\\ntry. With Observations on its Antiquities, Litera-\\nture, Language, Politics, and Religion. By Henry\\nM. Baird, M. a. Numerous Illustrations. 12mo,\\nCloth, $1 50.\\nEARTH S NORTH AND CENTRAL AFRICA,\\nTravels and Discoveries in North arid Central Af-\\nrica. Being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken\\nnnder the Auspices of H.B.JL s Government in the\\nYears 1S49-1S55. Bv Henry Barth, Ph.D., D.C.L.\\nIllustrated. 3 vols., Svo, Cloth, $12 00.\\nANDERSSON S OKAVANGO RIVER. The Oka-\\nvango River: a Narrative of Travel, Exploration,\\nand Adventure. By Charles John ANnERssoN.\\n^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ith Steel Portrait of the Author, numerous Wood-\\ncuts, and a Map showing the liegions explored by\\nAndersson, Cumming, Livingstone, and Du Chaillu.\\nSvo, Cloth, .$3 25.\\nANDERSSON S LAKE NGA]\\\\II. Lake Ngami or.\\nExplorations and Discoveries during Four Years\\nWanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa.\\nBy Charles John ANnERssoN. With numerous Il-\\nlustrations, representing Sporting Adventures, Sub-\\njects of Natural History, devices for Destroying\\nWild Animals, c. r2mo. Cloth, $1 T5.\\nBELLOWS S TRAVELS. The Old World in its New\\nFace Impressions of Europe in 1S67, 1S6S. By\\nHenry W. Bellows. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3 50.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0473.jp2"}, "470": {"fulltext": "Valuable and Interesting Works of Iravel.\\nBROWNE S APACHE COUNTRY. Adventures in\\nIhe Apache Cuimlry: a Tmir through Arizona aud\\nSonera, with Notes on the Si 1 ver Regions of Nevada.\\nBy J. RoBB Bkowne. Illustratioui 12mo, Cloth,\\n$2 00.\\nBROWNE S AMERICAN FAMILY IN GERMANY.\\nAn American Family in Germany. By J. Ross\\nBrowne. Illustrations. 12nio, Cloth, $2 00.\\nBROWNE S CRUSOE S ISLAND, CALIFORNIA,\\nc. Crusoe s Island a Ramble in the Footsteps\\nof Alexander Selkirk. With Sketches of Adventure\\nin California aud Washoe. By J. Ross BiiownE.\\nWith Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 T5.\\nBROWNE S LAND OF THOR. The Land of Thor.\\nBy J. Ross Browne. Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth,\\n$2 00.\\nBROWNE S YUSEF. A Crusade in the East. A\\nNarrative of Personal Adventures and Travels on\\nthe Shores of the Mediterranean, in Asia Minor,\\nPalestine, aud Syria. By J. Ross Bkowke. Illus-\\ntrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 75.\\nBUFFUM S SIGHTS AND SENSATIONS. Sights\\nand Sensations in France, Germany, and Switzer-\\nland; or. Experiences of nn American Journalist in\\nEurope. By Edwaed Goci-d Bpffum, Author of\\nSix Mouths in the Gold Mines, c. 12mo, Cloth,\\n$150.\\nBAKER S CAST UP BY THE SEA. Cast up by the\\nSea; or. The Adventures of Ned Grev. By Sir Sam-\\nuel W. Bakkk, M.A., F.R.G.S., Author of the Al-\\nbert N Yanza Great IJasin of the Nile, The Nile\\nTributaries of Abyssinia, c. With Ten Illustra-\\ntions by Huard. 12mo, Cloth, 5 cents.\\nTHE MUTINEERS OF THE BOUNTY. Some Ac-\\ncoinit of the Mutineers of the Bounty and their De-\\nscendants in Pitcairn and Norfolk Islands. By Lady\\nBei.oui-,k. Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nREINDEER, DOGS, AND SNOW-SHOES. A Jour-\\nnal r Siberian Travel and Explorations made in\\nthe Years ISt ir)- By Ri ni\\\\iU) J. Biisii, late of the\\nRuRso-AmericanTeleirraph Expedition. Illustrated.\\nCrown Svo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nCURTIS S HOWADJI IN SYRIA. The Howadji in\\nSvria. By Geokoe Wii.mam Cuktib. 12mo, (;loth,\\n$i50.\\nCURTIS S NILE NOTES. The Nile Notes of a\\nHowadji. By Geouoe William Cuktib. 12mo,\\nCloth, $1 50.\\nCUMMING S HUNTER S LIFE IN AFRICA. Five\\nYears of a Hunter s Life in the far Interior of South\\nAfrica. With Notices of tlie Native Tribes, and\\n.\\\\iiecdotes of the base of the Lion, Elephant, Hip-\\npopotamus, Giraffe, Uliinoceros, c. Ilhistrations.\\nBy R. (iounoN Cumminc!. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, 00.\\nDURBIN S OBSERVATIONS IN EUROPE. Prin-\\ncipallv in France and Great Britain. By Rev. J. P.\\nDritiiiN, D.D. Illustrations. 2 vols., I ino, Cloth,\\n$3 0(1.\\nDURBIN S OBSERVATIONS IN THE EAST. Chief-\\nly in Iv vpt, I alcstine, Svria, and -Asia Minor. By\\nUov. P. DuKiuN, D.I). vols., PJino, Cloth, $;i 00.\\nDARWIN S VOYAGE OF A NATURALIST. Jour-\\nnal of Researches into the Natin-al History and Gp-\\noloirv of the Countries visited dnriuir the N oyaL c ir\\nIL M. S. /Ifanlc round the World, under Ihe om-\\nmand of Captain Fitzrov, R. N. Bv Cmaui.i-.s Daii-\\nwiN, M.A., F.R.S. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.\\nDAVIS S CARTHAGE. Carthage and her Remains\\nbeing an Account of the Excavations and Research-\\nes on the Site of the Plicenician Metropolis in Africa\\nand other Adjacent Places. Conducted under the\\nAuspices of Her Majesty s Government. By Dr. N.\\nDavis, F.R.G.S. Profusely Illustrated with JIaps,\\nWoodcuts, Chromo-Lilhographs, c. Svo, Cloth,\\n$4 00.\\nDILKE S GREATER BRITAIN. Greater Britain a\\nRecord of Travel in English-speaking Countries\\nduring 1806 and ISO By Ciiauleb Wentworth\\nDilke. With Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth,\\n$1 00.\\nDOOLITTLE S CHINA. Social Life of the Chinese\\nwith some Account of their Religious, Government-\\nal, Educational, and Business Custums and Opin-\\nions. With special but not exclusive Reference to\\nFuhchau. By Rev. Justus Ddoi.itti.i:, Fourteen\\nYears Member of the Fuhchau Mission of the Amer-\\nican Board. Illustrated with more than 150 charac-\\nteristic Engravings on Wood. 2 vols., 12nio, Cloth,\\n$5 00.\\nDIXON S FREE RUSSIA. Free Russia. By W.\\nHKPWourn Dixon, Author of Her Majesty s Tow-\\ner, c. With Two Illustrations. Crown Svo,\\nCloth, $2 00.\\nDU CHAILLU S AFRICA. Explorations and Ad-\\nventures in Equatorial Africa; with Accounts of\\nthe Manners and Customs of the People, and of the\\nCha.se of the Gorilla, the Crocodile, Leopard, Ele-\\nphant, Hippopotamus, aud other Animals. By Paul\\nB. Du Cii A 1 LLU, Corresponding Member of the Amer-\\nican Ethnological Society, of the Geographical and\\nStatistical Society of New York, and of the Boston\\nSociety of Natural History. With numerous Illus-\\ntrations. Svo, Cloth, $5 00.\\nDU CHAILLU S ASHANGO LAND. A Journey to\\nAshango Laud, and Further Penetration into Equa-\\ntorial Africa. Bv Paul B. Du Ciiaili.u. New Edi-\\ntion. Handsomely Illustrated. Svo, Cloth, $6 00.\\nEWBANK S BRAZIL. Life in Brazil or, A Journal\\nof a Visit to the Land of the Cocoa and Ihe Palm.\\nWith an Appendix, containing Illustrations of An-\\ncient and South American Arts, in recently discov-\\nered Implenienls and Products of Domestic Indus-\\ntry, and Works in Stone, Pottery, (ioUl, Silver,\\nBronze, c. By Tiio.mas Ewiiank. With over 100\\nIllustrations. Svo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nELLIS S MADAGASCAR. Three Visits to Madagas-\\ncar, during the Years 1S53, 1S, 4, 1850. Including a\\nJourney to the ai)ital, with Moiices of the Natural\\nHistory of the Country, and of tlie I rcsent Civiliza-\\ntion of the l eoi)le. By Ihe Rev. u.liam Ellis,\\nF.H.S. Illustrated by a Map and Woodcuts from\\nPhotographs, c. Svo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nGERSTAECKER S TRAVELS ROUND THE\\nWORLD. Narrative of a Journey round the World.\\nComprising a Winter Passatre across the Andes to\\nChili; with a Visit to the Gold Regions of California\\nand Australia, Ihe Soulh Sea Islands, Java, c. By\\nF. GKi!BTAEOKi-r.. 12mo, Cloth, .fl 50.\\nGIRONIKRE S PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Twenty\\nYears in Itie Philippines. By Paul de la Giuon-\\nlEUK. Reviced and Extended by the Author ex-\\npressly for this Translation. Illustralious. 12mo,\\nCloth, $1 50.\\nHALL S ARCTIC RESEARCHES. Arctic Research-\\nes and Life among the Esquim:iux: beiuL the Nar-\\nrative of an Expedition in Search of Sir John\\nFranklin, in the Years 1800, 1861, and l i- By\\nCiiakli:b FitANois Hail. With M.ips and lUO Illus-\\ntrations. Svo, Cloth, Beveled, $5 00.", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0474.jp2"}, "471": {"fulltext": "Valuable and interesting Works of Travel.\\nHERODOTUS, LIFE AND TRAVELS OF. The Life\\nand Travels of Herodotus in the Fifth Century be-\\nfore Christ: au Imaginary Biography founded on\\nFact, illu:^trative of the History, .Manuers, Religion,\\nLiterature, Arts, and Social Condition of the Greeks,\\nEgyptians, Persians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Scyth-\\nians, and other Ancient Nations, in the Days of Per-\\nicles and Nehemiah. By J. Tai.boys VVueelee,\\nF.R.G.S. Map. 2 vols., I imo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nHOLTON S NEW GRANADA. Twenty Months in\\nthe Andes. By L F. Hoi.ton. Illustrations and\\nMaps. Svo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nHUC S TRAVELS THROUGH THE CHINESE EM-\\nPIRE. A Journey through the Chinese Empire.\\nBy M. Htro. With a Map. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth,\\n$3 00.\\nKINGSLEY S WEST INDIES. At Last: A Christ-\\nmas in the West Indies. By Charles Kingsi.ey,\\nAuthor of Alton Locke. Yeast, c., c. Illus-\\ntrated. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nLAMONT S SEASONS WITH THE SEA-HORSES.\\nSeasons with the Sea-Horses: or. Sporting Advent-\\nures in the Northern Seas. By James Lamont,\\nEsq., F.G.S. With Map and Illustrations. Svo,\\nCloth, $3 00.\\nLIVINGSTONE S SOUTH AFRICA. Missionary\\nTravels and Researches in South Africa; including\\na Sketch jf Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior\\nof Africa, and a Journey from the Cape of Good\\nHope to Loando on the West Coast thence across\\nthe Continent, down the River Zambesi, to the\\nEastern Ocean. By David Livingstone, LL. D.,\\nD.C.L. With Portrait, Maps l)y Arrowsmith, and\\nnumerous Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $4 50.\\nLIVINGSTONE S EXPEDITION TO THE ZAM-\\nBESI. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi\\nand its Tributaries and of the Discovery of the\\nLakes Shirwa and Nyassa. 185S-1S64. By David\\nand Chauleb Livingstone. With Map and Illustra-\\ntions. Svo, Cloth, $5 00.\\nLA YARD S NINEVEH. A Popular Account of the\\nDiscoveries at Nineveh. By Austen Henry Lv-\\nYARi). Abridged by him from his larger Work.\\nWith numerous Wood Engravings. 12mo, Cloth,\\n$175.\\nLAYARD S FRESH DISC0\\\\T;RIES AT NINEVEH.\\nFresh Discoveries at Nineveh and Babylon with\\nTravels in Armenia, Kurdistan, and the Desert.\\nBeing the Result of a Second Expedition under-\\ntaken for the Trustees of the British Museum. By\\nAusten Henry Layabp, M.P. With all the Maps\\nand Engravings in the English Edition. Svo, Cloth,\\n$4 00.\\nMARCY S ARMY LIFE ON THE BORDER. Thirty\\nYears of Army Life on the Border. Comprising De-\\nscriptions of the Indian Nomads of the Plains; Ex-\\nplorations of New Territory a Trip across the\\nRocky Mountains in the Winter; Descriptions of\\nthe Habits of ])ifterent Animals found in the West,\\nand the Methods of Himtint: them with Incidents\\nin the Lives of diiferent Frontier Men, c., c. By\\nBrevet Brisr.-Geueral R. B. Marcy, U. S. A. Svo,\\nCloth, Beveled Edges, $3 00.\\nMOWRY S ARIZONA AND SONORA. Arizona and\\nSonora. The Geography, History, and Resources\\nof the Silver Region of North America. By Sylves-\\nter MowRv, of Arizona, Graduate of the U.S. Mili-\\ntary Academy at West Point, late Lieutenant Third\\nArtillery, U. S. A., Corresponding Member of The\\nAmerican Institute, late U. S. Boundary Commis-\\nsioner, c., c. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nMACGREGOR S ROB ROY ON THE JORDAN.\\nThe Rob Roy on the Jordan, Nile, Red Sea, and\\nGeunesareth, c. A Canoe Cruise in Palestine and\\nEgypt, and tha Waters of Damascus. By J. Mac-\\nGEEiiOR, M. A. With Maps and Illustrations. Crown\\nSvo, Cloth, ,$2 50.\\nNEVIUS S CHINA China and the Chinese: a Gen-\\neral Description of the Country and its Inhabitants;\\nits Civilization and Form of Government its Re-\\nligious and Social Institutions; its luterconrse with\\nother Nations and its Present Conditi ni and Pros-\\npects. By the Rev. John L. Nevids, Ten Years a\\nMissionary in China. With a Map and Illustrations.\\n12nio, Cloth, $1 75.\\nNEWMAN S FROM DAN TO BEERSHEBA. From\\nDan to Beersheba; or, the Laud of Promise as it now\\nappears. Including a Description of the Boundaries,\\nTopography, Agriculture, Antiquities, Cities, and\\nPresent Inhabitants of that Wonderful Land. With\\nIllustrations of the Remarkable Accuracy of the Sa-\\ncred Writers iu their Allusions to their Native Coun-\\ntry. By Rev. J. P. New.man, D.D. Maps and En-\\ngravings. 12mo, Cloth, $1 To.\\nOLIN S (Dr.) TRAVjELS. Travels in Egypt, Arabia\\nPetr\u00c2\u00aba, and the Holy Land. Engraviu^gs. 2 vols.,\\nSvo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nOLIPIIANT S CHINA AND JAPAN. Narrative of\\nthe Earl of Elgin s Mission to China and Japan, in the\\nI ears 1S5T, 5S, 59. By Laurenoe Olu-iiant, Pri-\\nvate Secretary to Lord Elgin. Illustrations. Svo,\\nCloth, $3 50.\\nORTON S ANDES AND THE AMAZON. The Andes\\nand the Amazon; or. Across the Continent of South\\nAmerica. By James Orton, M.A., Professor of\\nNatural History in Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,\\nN. Y., and Correspondins: Member of the Academy\\nof Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. With a New\\nMap of Equatorial America and numerous Illustra-\\ntions. Crown Svo, Cloth, $2 00.\\nPAGE S LA PLATA. La Plata, the Arjrentine Cou-\\nlederation, and Paraguay. Being a Narrative of\\nthe Exploration of the Tributaries of the River La\\nPlata and Adjacent Countries during the Years 1S53,\\n4, 55, and 50, under the Orders of the United States\\nGovernment. New Edition, containinic Farther Ex-\\nplorations in La Pl.ita during 1S59 and 1860. Bv\\nThomas J. Page, U. S. N.. Commander of the Expe-\\nditions. With Map and numerous Engravings. Svo,\\nCloth, $5 00.\\nPFEIFFER S SECOND JOURNEY. A Lady s Sec-\\nond .Tourney round the World from London to the\\nCai)e of Good Hope, Borneo, ,Tava, Sumatra, Celebes,\\nCeram, the Moluccas, c., Califoruia. Panama, Peru,\\nEcuador, and the United States. By Ida Pi-eifiter.\\n12mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nPFEIFFER S LAST TRAVELS AND AUTOBIOG-\\nRAPHY. The Last Travels of Ida Pfeifl er: inclusive\\nof a Visit to Madagascar. With an Autobiograph-\\nical Memoir of the Author. Translated by H. W.\\nDuLOKEN, Steel Portrait. 12ino, Cloth, $1 50.\\nPRIME S (S. I.) TRAVELS tN EUROPE AND THE\\nEAST. Travels iu Europe and the East. A Year\\nin England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales. France, Bel-\\ngium, Holland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Greece,\\nTurkey, Syria. Palestine and Egypt. By Rev. Sam-\\nuel Iri-n.eds Prime, D.D. Engravings. 2 v.ols.,\\nlarge 12mo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nPRIME S (W. C.) BOAT-LIFE IN EGYPT. Boat-\\nLife in E^vpt and Nubia. Hv William C. Prime.\\nIllustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0475.jp2"}, "472": {"fulltext": "Valuable and Interesting Works of Iravel,\\nREADE S SAVAGE AFRICA. Western Africa: be-\\ning the Narrative of a Tour in Eqiiatoriul, Sonth-\\nwej^lerij, and Northwestern Africa; with Notes on\\nthe Habits of the Gorilla: ou the Existence of Uni-\\ncorns and Tailed Men on the Slave Trade ou the\\nOrii^iu, Character, and Capabilities of the Negro,\\nand on the Future Civilization of Western Africa.\\nBy W.WiNWOou Reade, FeHow of the Geographical\\nand Anthropological Society of London, and Corre-\\nsponding Member of the Geographical Society of\\nParis. With Illustrations aud a Map. Svo,Cloth,$4 00.\\nSMITH S ARAUCANIANS. The Araucanians or,\\nNotes of a Tour among the Indian Tribes of South-\\nern Chili. By En-MUNii Reuei. Smith, of the U. S. N.\\nAstronomical Expedition in Chili. l 2mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nSQUIER S CENTRAL AMERICA. The States of\\nCentral America: their Geography, Topography,\\nClimate, Population, Resources, Productions, Com-\\nmerce, Political Organization, Aborigines, Ac, c.\\nComprising Chapters on Honduras, San Salvador,\\nNicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Belize, the Bay\\nIslands, the Mosqiiito Shore, and the Honduras In-\\nter-Oceanic Railway. By E. G. Sqdiek, formerly\\nCharsc d Affairs of the Uiiited States to the Repuh-\\nlics of Central America. With numerous Original\\nMaps aud Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $4 00.\\nSQUIER S NICARAGUA. Nicaragua: its People,\\nScenery, Monuments, Resources, Condition, and\\nProposed Canal. With One Hundred Maps and Il-\\nlustrations. By E. G. Sqcier. Svo, Cloth, $4 00.\\nSQUIER S WAIKNA. Waikna or. Adventures on\\nthe Mosquito Shore. By E. G. Squieu. With a Map\\nand upward of 00 Illustrations, limo. Cloth, $1 50.\\nSTEPHENS S TRAVELS IN CENTRAL AMERICA.\\nTravels in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan.\\nBy J. L. Stei iiens. With a Map and 8S Engravings.\\n2 vols.,Svo, Cloth, $0 00.\\nSTEPHENS S TRAVELS IN YUCATAN. Incidents\\nof Travel in Yncat.an. By J. L. Sti puens. 120 En-\\ngravings, from Drawings by F. Catherwood. 2 vols.,\\nSvo, Cloth, $0 00.\\nSTEPHENS S TRAVELS IN EGYPT. Travels in\\nEgypt, Arabia Petrjea, and the Holv Land. By J. L.\\nStephens. Engravings. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3 00.\\nSTEPHENS S TRAVELS IN GREECE. Travels in\\nGreece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland. By J. L.\\nSrEiMiENS. 2 vols., 12nio, Cloth, $3 00.\\nTHOMSON S LAND AND BOOK. The Laud and\\nthe Book; or. Biblical Illustrations drawn from the\\nIManners and t ustoins, the Scones and the Scenery\\nof the Holy Land. By \\\\V. M. Thomson, D.D., Twen-\\nty-live Years a Missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. in Sy-\\nria and Palestine. With Two elaborate Maps of\\nPalestine, an accurate Plan of Jerusalem, and Sev-\\neral Hunilred Enfirarinfix, representing the Scenery\\nTopography, and Productions of the Holy Land,\\nand the Costumes, Manners, ami Habits of the Peo-\\nple. Two large Vhwn Volumes, Cloth, |5 01).\\nWHYMPER S ALASKA. Tr:ivel and Adventure in\\nthe Territory of Alaska, formerly Russian America\\nnow Cedeil to the United States and in various\\notlier Parts of the North Paciiic. By Fkeheuiok\\nWiivMiMU. With Map and Illustrations. Crown\\n8vo, Cloth.S ifiO.\\nWELLS S EXPLORATIONS IN HONDIRAS. Ex-\\nplorations and Adventures in Honduras; comi)ris-\\ning Sketches of Travel in the (iold Kegions of Olan-\\ncho, and a Review of the History and General He-\\nsources of Central America. l?y Wm.i.iam V. Wills,\\nWith Original Maps and numerous Illustrations.\\nSvo, Cloth, f3 50.\\n\\\\.L ASIA. Travels in Central 3^ 7\\nint of a Journey from Teheran\\nVA MBfiRY S CENTRAL\\nAsia: being the Accoui\\nacross the Turkoman Desert, ou the Eastern Shore\\nof the Caspian, to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarcand,\\nperformed in the Year 1S03. By Akmimub Vambeiiv,\\nMember of the Hungarian Academy of Pesth, by\\nwhom he was sent on this Scientific Mission. With\\nMap and Woodcuts. Svo, Cloth, 50.\\nVIRGINIA ILLUSTRATED: containing a Visit to\\nthe Virginian Caiutan, aud the Adventures of Porte\\nCrayon and his Cousins. Illustrated from Drawings\\nby PoHTE Crayon. Svo, Cloth, $o 50.\\nWALLACE S MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. The Malay\\nArchipelago: the Land of the Orang-ITtan, and the\\nBird of Paradise. A Narrative of Travel, 1854- C2.\\nWith Studies of Man and Nature. By Ai.fked Rc6-\\nSEi, Wai.i.aoe. ^^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0ith Maps and numerous Illustra-\\ntions. Crown Svo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nSPEKE S AFRICA. Journal of the Discovery of the\\nSource of the Nile. By Captain Joun Hanning\\nSrEKE, Captain H. M. s Indian Army, Fellow and\\nGold Medalist of the Royal Geograithical Society,\\nHon. Corresponding Member andGold Medalist of\\nthe French Geographical Society, c. With Maps\\nand Portraits and numerous Illustrations, chiefly\\nfrom Drawings by Captain Grant. Svo, Cloth, $4 00.\\nWILKINSON S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. A Popu-\\nlar Account of the AriCieut Egyptians. Revised\\nand Abridtred from his larger t\\\\ ork. By Sir J.\\nGardner Wilkinson, D.C.L., F.R.S., c. Illus-\\ntrated with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nKINGSLEY S WEST INDIES. The West Indies. At\\nLast: A Christmas in the est Indies. By the Rev.\\nCharles KiMGSi.EY. Illustrated. l 2mo, Cloth, fl 50.\\nBURTON S CITY OF THE SAINTS. The City of\\nthe Saints and Across the Rocky Moiintaius t(*\\nCalifornia. By Captain Richard F. Burton, Fellow\\nand Gold Medalist of the Royal Geographical Soci-\\neties of France and England, H.M. s Cousid in West\\nAfrica. With Maps and numerous Illustrations.\\nSvo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nBURTON S LAKE REGIONS OF CENTRAL AF-\\nRICA. The Lake Regions of Central Africa. A\\nPicture of Exploration. By Riohaud F. Birion.\\nCaptain H.M. s Indian Army, Fellow and Gold Med-\\nalist of the Royal Geographical Society. With Maps\\nand Engravings on Wood. Svo, Cloth, $3 50.\\nHAVEN S MEXICO. Mexico. Our Next-Door Neigh-\\nbor. By the Rev. Gilhkrt Haven, D.D., Bishop in\\nthe M. E. Church. With Maps and Illustrations.\\nCrown Svo, Cloth, *3 50.\\nMACGAHAN S CAMPAIGNING ON THE OXUS\\nAND THE FALL OF KHIVA. Canipnignins: on\\nthe Oxus and the Fall of Khiva. By J. A. Mac-\\nGahan. With Map jind Illustrations. Crown, Svo,\\nCloth, $3 50.\\nHAZARD S SANTO DOMINGO. Santo Dominiro,\\nP;ist and Present, with a Glance at Hayti. By\\nSamuel Ha/.aud. Maps and Illustratious. Crown\\nSvo, Ch)th. $3 50.\\nPIKE S SUB TROPICAL RAMBLES IN THE\\nLAND OF THE APHANAPTEHYX. By Nicho-\\nlas PfKE, U. S. Consul, Port Louis. Mauritius. Pro-\\nfusely Illustrated. Crown Svo, Cloth, $3 5(\u00c2\u00bb.\\nBALDWIN S AFRICAN HUNTING. African Hunt-\\ninir, from N.ilal to the Zambesi, including Lake\\nNtrami, the Kalahari Desert, c.., from 185-. to ISOO.\\nBv William Chaui.is Baldwin, Esq., F.R.G.S.\\nWith Ma)), Fiflv Illustrations bv Wolf and Zwecker,\\naud u Portrait. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.\\nri? For a full lint of Harper lirother.^ Piihlirationi), see HARPER S CATALOGUE, whieJi rmiiprisefi n\\nlarrie proportion of the wont esteemed vorkn in the KnaliMh lanniiane, heinii partirvlarlii exte7isivr ii) the ilepnrt-\\nmevtn of Travel, History, Uiorjrnphv, ./nreiiile. and Ileliniiivn Literature. Thin Catalogue icill be sent by mail on\\nreceipt of Ten Cents, or uill be given, free, on jtersonal application to the Publishers. _-x^", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0476.jp2"}, "473": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0477.jp2"}, "474": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0478.jp2"}, "475": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0479.jp2"}, "476": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3203", "width": "2092", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0480.jp2"}, "477": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3254", "width": "2146", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0481.jp2"}, "478": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3340", "width": "2229", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0482.jp2"}, "479": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3359", "width": "2262", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0483.jp2"}, "480": {"fulltext": "i\\nill!\\nm\\nLIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n007 750 954 9\\nlliii\\n1\\nliiii\\nM\\nI\\nI j i\\ni", "height": "3361", "width": "2408", "jp2-path": "cornersofneweng00drak_0484.jp2"}}