{"1": {"fulltext": "HlSTORy-OF\\nGeorgia\\nC.H.5MITH\\n\u00e2\u0080\u00a2H\\n^vrf.\\n/v\\nGiNN St Com\\nRh", "height": "3490", "width": "2257", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0001.jp2"}, "2": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3490", "width": "2195", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0002.jp2"}, "3": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3485", "width": "2185", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0003.jp2"}, "4": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0004.jp2"}, "5": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0005.jp2"}, "6": {"fulltext": "SIR JAMES OGLETHORPE.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0006.jp2"}, "7": {"fulltext": "A\\nSCHOOL HISTORY\\nOF\\nGEORGIA\\nGEORGIA AS A COLONY AND A STATE\\n1733-1893\\nCHARLES H. SMITH\\n(UILL art)\\nBOSTOxN, U.S.A.\\nGINN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS\\n1893\\nj^^7;y", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0007.jp2"}, "8": {"fulltext": "Copyright, 1893,\\nBy CHARLES H. SMITH.\\nAl.r. RIGHTS RESERVED.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0008.jp2"}, "9": {"fulltext": "PREFACE\\nIn comparison with most of the states which composed\\nthe original thirteen, Georgia has not a great deal of history,\\nbeing the youngest tree that was planted by more than half a\\ncentury. But that history is very interesting and should be\\nmade familiar to the young people, whether they be children\\nof the state by nativity or adoption.\\nThis little book is not intended to embrace all of that\\nhistory in its many details, but is merely an abridgment\\ncompiled from larger and more comprehensive works. It\\nbegins with Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony, and comes\\ndown through many changes, many disasters and successes\\nto the present hopeful and prosperous condition.\\nTo this compilation have been added a few chapters con-\\ncerning slavery, its origin, continuance and abolition. Also\\nconcerning the causes that provoked the late unhappy war\\nand the results that followed in its wake. These historic\\nreadings contain the facts of the case facts that have been\\nestablished but have not heretofore been published in any\\nbook of history. The author regards these readings as\\nespecially important to the young people whose fathers and\\ngrandfathers fought in that war fought for something they\\nbelieved to be right.\\nThe Appendix will be found valuable to teachers and pupils\\nand to every family for ready reference, and will save much", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0009.jp2"}, "10": {"fulltext": "IV PREFACE.\\ntime in investigating important statistics relating to the\\nstate.\\nThe author makes no apology for faults of omission or\\ncommission but commends this unpretending volume to the\\ngood will and charity of all Georgians.\\nCHAS. H. SMITH.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0010.jp2"}, "11": {"fulltext": "CONTENTS.\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nChapter. Page.\\nI. Oglethorpe i\\nII. Original Grant and its Changes 4\\nIII. Oglethorpe s Charter 5\\nIV. Earliest Settlements 7\\nV. Progress of the Colony ii\\nVI. Spanish Invasion 15\\nVII. Administration of Stephens 18\\nVIII. Trustees Surrender the Charter 20\\nIX. Administration of Reynolds 22\\nX. Administration of Ellis 25\\nXI. Administration of Wright 29\\nXII. Georgia in the Revolutionary War 32\\nXIII. Revolutionary War 36\\nXIV. Revolutionary War continued 40\\nXV. Yazoo Fraud 45\\nXVI. Great Seal of State adopted 48\\nXVII. War of 1812 52\\nXVIII. Administrations of Clark, Troup, and Gilmer 54\\nXIX. Administrations of Lumpkin, Schley, and Gilmer. 58\\nXX. Mexican War 62\\nXXI. Administrations of Cobb and Johnson 68\\nXXII. Administration of Brown 72\\nXXIII. War between the States 78\\nXXIV. War between the States continued 83\\nXXV. War between the States continued 87", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0011.jp2"}, "12": {"fulltext": "VI CONTENTS.\\nChapter. Pac-.h;.\\nXXVI. Close ok the War hp:t\\\\veen the States 89\\nXXVII. Reconstruction 92\\nXXVIII. Administration of Jenkins 94\\nXXIX. Administration of Bullock .98\\nXXX. Administration of Smith 104\\nXXXI. Administration of Colquitt 107\\nXXXII. Administration of McDaniel iii\\nHISTORICAL READINGS.\\nXXXIII. The African Slave Trade its Origin and\\nGrowth 1 17\\nXXXIV. The Condition of the Negro as a Slave 125\\nXXXV. Why Georgia withdrew from the Union 129\\nXXXVI. The Common People and the Aristocracy 136\\nXXXVII. The Common People and the Aristocracy\\nCONTINUED 13S\\nXXXVIII. The Literature of Georgia 142\\nXXXIX. Condition of the State 147\\nAppendix 155", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0012.jp2"}, "13": {"fulltext": "LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.\\nI. Sir James Oglethorpe Frontispiece.\\nII. Robert Toombs Page 64\\nIII. Joseph E. Brown 74\\nIV. Alexander H. Stephens 81\\nV. Charles J. Jenkins 93\\nVI. John B. Gordon 99\\nVII. The New Capitou 109\\nVIII. William J. Northen 113\\nIX. Charles F. Crisp 131\\nX. Hoke Smith 143", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0013.jp2"}, "14": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0014.jp2"}, "15": {"fulltext": "LIST OF MAPS.\\nGeorgia at the Present Time Inside first cover\\nGeorgia The Original Grant 4\\nGeorgia in 1763 6\\nGeorgia since 1820 8", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0015.jp2"}, "16": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0016.jp2"}, "17": {"fulltext": "THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHAPTER I.\\nOGLETHORPE.\\n1. The history of a state is chiefly a biography of its notable\\npeople. The colonial history of Georgia is in great part the\\nwork of General James Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony.\\nAn outline of his illustrious life is worthy of the first place in\\nthis book, and this chapter will be devoted to him.\\n2. He was the son of Sir Theophilus Oglethorpe, and was\\nborn near London, England, in 1688, and died at Cranham\\nHall in 1785. He lived through the reigns of George I., H.\\nand HI., kings of \u00e2\u0080\u00a2England, and such was the purity, philan-\\nthropy and nobility of his character that he excited the envy of\\nnone, but gained the admiration of all. His patriotism was\\nabove any personal ambition, above party, faction and intrigue,\\nand his life-work was the love of his country and her unfortunate\\npeople. Such was his extraordinary ability as a soldier and a\\nstatesman that he easily attained the highest place. In 1714\\nhe was a captain in the Queen s Guards. In 1722 he was\\nelected to a seat in Parliament and remained a member for\\nthirty years. In 1740 he was the colonel of a regiment. In\\n1745 he was appointed a major-general, in 1747 a lieutenant-\\ngeneral, and in 1760, when he was seventy-two years old, he\\nwas made general of all His Majesty s forces. Such was his\\nvigor in old age, and so erect was he and so commanding in\\nappearance, that in his eighty-seventh year he was urged to take", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0017.jp2"}, "18": {"fulltext": "2 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ncommand of the English forces in the War of the Revolution.\\nHe declined, because the king refused to give him full authority\\nto do justice to the colonies and make peace with them.\\n3. Sir William Howe was placed in command. When peace\\nwas made and Mr. Adams was sent to England as the repre-\\nsentative of the United States, Oglethorpe was the first to\\nreceive and congratulate him. In 1784, when eighty years of\\nage, Hannah More wrote of him I have got a new admirer.\\nIt is General Oglethorpe, the most remarkable man of his time.\\nHe is much above ninety, and the finest figure you ever saw.\\nHis literature is great, his knowledge of the world extensive\\nand his faculties as bright as ever. He is quite a chevalier\\nheroic, romantic and full of old gallantry. Thomson, Pope\\nand Dr. Johnson paid tribute to Oglethorpe s noble character\\nand his public services.\\n4. In 1728, while a member of Parliament, he v/as, at his\\nown request, made chairman of the committee for inquiring into\\nthe state of the jails and their inmates. He visited the dark\\nand pestilential dungeons of the prisons, which at that time\\ndisgraced the government. The law of imprisonment for\\ndebt was then in force, and hundreds of unfortunate debtors\\nwere found there languishing in a life of helpless misery. Some\\nwere confined for political reasons, some from motives of\\nrevenge, and many as a means of forcing their friends or rela-\\ntives to pay the debt. Oglethorpe was untiring in his efforts\\nto better their condition, to rescue them from despair and to\\ninspire them with hope. He succeeded most happily, not only\\nwith those confined for debt, but with many who were charged\\nwith crimes of which they were not guilty.\\n5. His great work of prison reform was so effectual that it\\nmade him beloved and admired all over England. Forty years\\nafterward, when prison discipline had again lapsed into brutality,\\nhis example inspired John Howard, High Sheriff of Bedford,\\nwho had charge of the very jail in which John Bunyan was", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0018.jp2"}, "19": {"fulltext": "OGLETHORPE. 3\\nimprisoned for twelve years, and where he wrote his Pilgrim s\\nProgress. After reforming the jails of England, Howard\\nspent ten years of his life in travelling over Europe and visiting\\nits prisons, and his presence was hailed with joy and thank-\\nfulness by thousands whom he released and restored to their\\nfamilies, or whose condition he otherwise ameliorated. Burke\\ncompared him to Oglethorpe and said He has dived into\\nthe depths of dungeons, plunged into the infections of hospitals,\\nsurveyed the mansions of sorrow, pain and misery. He has\\nremembered those who were forgotten, visited the forsaken and\\nrelieved the distresses of men in all countries.\\n6. It would have been a grateful tribute from our people if\\nthe colony that Oglethorpe planted had been named for him\\ninstead of for King George. That was not permitted, but\\nwe have named a county and a town for him and erected a\\nbeautiful monument to his memory. Other colonies had long\\nbefore been planted for profit, power and speculation, but\\nOglethorpe planted ours from motives of benevolence. The\\nmotto on his colonial seal was, Not for ourselves, but\\nfor others, and the device was a silk-worm spinning its\\ncocoon.\\n7. Oglethorpe s philanthropy was not confined to the\\ndebtors in the prisons, but extended to all unfortunate and\\noppressed people. And so when he obtained the charter from\\nKing George for the settlement of Georgia, the grant included\\nall poor subjects who, through misfortune, were not able to\\nmaintain their families. Another purpose of the grant was the\\noccupation of that disputed territory between South Carolina\\nand Florida, for the protection of the Carolina colonies from\\nthe frequent raids of the Indians and Spaniards on the South.\\nQuestions. i. Who was the founder of the colony of Georgia.? 2.\\nWhen was he born? He lived during the reigns of what kings.? What\\nis said of his patriotism Tell of his ability and progress as a soldier.\\nWhat was he offered in his 87th year.? Why did he refuse.? 3. What\\ndid Hannah More write of him Who else paid tribute to him 4. Of", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0019.jp2"}, "20": {"fulltext": "4 THE mSTOHV OF (iEOKGlA.\\nwhat committee was he made chairman Tell of his efforts to help the\\npoor. 5. What was the effect of his example in after years 6. What\\nhave Georgians done in his honor In what respect was the founding\\nof Georgia different from other colonies? What motto was chosen? 7.\\nWhat did the charter for Georgia include? What was another purpose\\nof the grant\\nCHAPTER II.\\nORIGINAL GRANT AND ITS CHANGES.\\n1. On the 9th of June, 1732, George II., King of England,\\ngranted to Oglethorpe and his associates, a large portion of\\ncountry lying between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers,\\nand extending due west from their head-waters by two parallel\\nlines to the south seas, which meant to the Pacific Ocean. It\\nwas customary in that day for monarchs to claim all the land\\ntheir seamen discovered, and as much more as was partly\\noccupied by nations too weak to defend their title, hence this\\ngrant of the king extended much further westward than the\\nterritory he had any right to or dominion over. The lines\\nwere never run, however, beyond the Mississippi River, and\\nso the territory covered by the first grant was in the peculiar\\nshape that is shown by Map No. i.\\n2. At that time the King of Spain claimed all the land lying\\nsouth of the Altamaha, including all the territory now known\\nas Florida, and all of Alabama and Mississippi except a narrow\\nstrip bordering on the gulf. After thirty years of contention,\\na treaty with Spain gave to England this territory, and King\\nGeorge III. then granted to his trustees for the Georgia colony\\nall that Spain had ceded, except that portion known as East\\nand West Florida; hence the Georgia domain was greatly\\nenlarged, and by additional grants took the shape shown on\\nMap No. 2.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0020.jp2"}, "21": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3402", "width": "2090", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0021.jp2"}, "22": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0022.jp2"}, "23": {"fulltext": "OGLETHORPE S CHARTER. 5\\n3. After the Revolutionary war of 1776, Georgia became an\\nindependent state, and one of the United States of America.\\nIn 1802 she ceded to the United States all that territory lying\\nsouth of Tennessee and west of the Chattahoochee River, up\\nto the great bend, making her reserved territory as appears by\\nthe boundaries shown in Map No. 3.\\n4. There were Indian reservations covering much of this\\nterritory, but their claims were not considered as permanent,\\nand from time to time their title was extinguished by treaties\\nwhich gave them considerable money and more land beyond\\nthe Mississippi River. They were not cheated but were rather\\nforced to make the trade.\\nQuestions. i. When and bywhomwas the grant made to Oglethorpe\\nWhere was the land 2. Who claimed all the land south of the Altamaha?\\nHow did England obtain this land.? To what colony did King George\\ngrant it 3. When did Georgia become an independent state What did\\nGeorgia do in 1S02 4. What is said of the Indian claims\\nCHAPTER III.\\nOglethorpe s charter.\\n1. The grant was made and stamped with the seal of\\nEngland, June 9, 1732. It included all that portion of our\\npresent state that lies between the Savannah and Altamaha\\nRivers. This land previous to 1733 was a wilderness, and was\\nclaimed by Spain as well as England. It was divided into\\neight equal parts and named Georgia, for King George II. of\\nEngland. The charter did not donate these lands in fee\\nsimple, but only for twenty-one years, In trust for the poor,\\nto a corporation of trustees for settling the colony of Georgia.\\n2. Each family was limited by the charter to 500 acres.\\nTen years after the land was granted, a yearly rent of four\\nshillings on each one hundred acres was to be charged. The", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0023.jp2"}, "24": {"fulltext": "6 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ncolonists were to be subjects of Great Britain, and absolute\\nfreedom of worship was granted to all except papists. The\\ngovernor of the colony was to be appointed with the approval\\nof the king, and subject to his orders.\\n3. The trustees met in London on July 7, 1732, to make\\nlaws. Each male inhabitant was regarded both as a planter\\nand as a soldier. He was to be provided with arms for\\ndefence, and with tools for the cultivation of the soil. In\\norder to insure industry, the settlers were to be required to\\nclear and cultivate within a given time, ten acres, and to plant\\none hundred white mulberry trees.\\n4. Knowing the silk industry to be easy work and the\\nkeeping of negroes expensive, the trustees agreed to prohibit\\nslavery. So Georgia was the first American colony to declare\\nagainst this trafitic. Many charitable people gave liberally to\\nthe emigrant fund, and Parliament made a donation to Georgia.\\n5. The first emigrants were chosen with great care. Only\\nthose who were unfortunate and deserved aid were allowed to\\njoin the colonists. A rigid examination of each person s claim\\nto charity was made, and preference was given to those who\\ncame well recommended by clergymen. There were no lawless\\nand abandoned, wretches. Georgia permitted no one to enter\\nher borders, who was not adjudged by competent authority\\nworthy of the rights of citizenship.\\n6. On November 12, 1732, the good ship Anne, commanded\\nby Captain Thomas, left Gravesend for Charleston. There\\nwere one hundred and twenty emigrants aboard under the\\ndirection of General Oglethorpe. The Reverend Dr. Henry\\nHubert, of the Church of England, went as chaplain, and Mr.\\nAmatis was engaged to instruct in the silk worm culture.\\nAmong the emigrants there were carpenters, bricklayers,\\nfarmers and mechanics. Aboard the vessel were arms, agri-\\ncultural implements, tools and stores for the use and support of\\nthe colonists. The voyage proved pleasant, and after two months\\nthey dropped anchor in Charleston Harbor, January 2, 1733.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0024.jp2"}, "25": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3412", "width": "2116", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0025.jp2"}, "26": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0026.jp2"}, "27": {"fulltext": "EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS. 7\\n7. South Carolina had been settled sixty years before.\\nThere had been many wars with the Spaniards and Indians,\\nbut the colonists were generally triumphant. Charleston, a\\nprosperous town, was the capital. In 1681, ten years after\\nCarolina was settled, the colony of Pennsylvania was settled.\\nFifty years afterwards came the emigrants to settle Georgia,\\nthe last of the thirteen original states, and this settlement\\nwas made just 126 years after Jamestown, the first English\\nsettlement in America, was founded in Virginia. What John\\nSmith was to Virginia, Raleigh to the Carolinas and William\\nPenn to Pennsylvania, Oglethorpe was to Georgia.\\nQuestions. i. When was the grant made.? What did it include?\\nWhat was the land previous to 1733? By whom claimed? How was it\\ndivided For whom named How did the charter donate this land, and\\nfor how long? To whom were they granted? 2. What jvas the limit of\\nland? The colonies were to be subjects of what country? What of their\\nfreedom of worship What is said concerning the governor of the colony?\\nWhen did they meet For what purpose How were the men to be\\nregarded What was done to insure industry 4. Why did the trustees\\nprohibit slavery What help did Georgia have? 6. How were the first\\nemigrants chosen? Who were allowed to join the colonists? How were\\nthe claims of the colonists settled Who did Georgia permit within her\\nborders? 7. When did the first ship sail for the colony? By whom\\ncommanded Who was aboard Who was engaged to instruct in silk\\nculture? What was brought over for use of the colonists? When and\\nwhere did they land? 8. How long had Carolina been settled? When\\nwas Pennsylvania settled? How long after did the colonists come to\\nGeorgia\\nCHAPTER IV.\\nEARLIEST SETTLEMENTS.\\n1. On the evening of their arrival Oglethorpe, accompanied\\nby an escort, went to call upon the Governor of South Carolina.\\nHe was warmly welcomed and every assistance given him.\\nLeaving the colonists at Beaufort, Carolina, Oglethorpe and", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0027.jp2"}, "28": {"fulltext": "8 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nColonel William Bull set out to find a suitable place for the\\nnew town. They soon reached the Savannah River, and\\nascended it as far as Yamacraw Bluff. This bluff rising forty\\nfeet above the river seemed the very spot for a town. Near\\nby was a small Indian village and a Carolina trading post.\\nThe village was the headquarters of the Yamacraw, a small\\nIndian tribe with Tomochichi for the chief.\\n2. The trading post had been established by Mary Musgrove,\\na woman of remarkable history, who had much to do with the\\nearly settlers of Georgia. She was born in Coweta, the chief\\ntown of the Creek Indians. When seven years of age her\\nfather took her to Pompom in South Carolina. Here she was\\neducated and instructed in Christianity and married John\\nMusgrove. In 1732 they established the trading post.\\n3. When Oglethorpe arrived at Yamacraw he found the\\nIndians very hostile. They considered the settling of white\\npeople southward of the Savannah River a violation of their\\ntreaty with South Carolina. Oglethorpe was anxious to make\\npeace before bringing the colonists to their new home. He\\nvisited the Indian chief, accompanied by Mary Musgrove who\\nspoke both English and Creek. By her influence Tomochichi\\nsoon became convinced that the new settlement would benefit\\nthe Creeks. A treaty was made for a large tract of land, and\\nthe Indians assured Oglethorpe of their good will.\\n4. After making these arrangements Oglethorpe returned\\nto Beaufort, and on the 30th of January set sail with the\\nemigrants for their new home. On reaching Yamacraw they\\nerected four large tents, and in these they slept their first night\\non the soil of Georgia. The next morning they at once set to\\nwork on the new town, and soon the outlines of Savannah were\\nmade.\\n5. Oglethorpe would have no house made for himself, but\\ndwelt in a tent the first year he spent in the colony. Soon\\nafter the founding of the new settlement was made, he won the\\nfriendship of all the neighboring tribes of Indians, conciliating", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0028.jp2"}, "29": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3412", "width": "2120", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0029.jp2"}, "30": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0030.jp2"}, "31": {"fulltext": "EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS. 9\\nthem by presents and by his kindly disposition. His acquaint-\\nance with Tomochichi soon became a close friendship.\\n6. In May, 1733, the ship fames brought out more emigrants.\\nThis was the first vessel from England to sail up the Savannah\\nRiver. Captain Yoakley received the prize offered by the\\ntrustees for the first ship load of emigrants.\\n7. Oglethorpe next built a fort on the Great Ogeechee River,\\nand named it Fort Argyle in honor of the Duke of Argyle.\\nFive miles south of Savannah the village of High-gate was laid\\nout and twelve French families sent there from the colony.\\nNear by Hamstead was laid out and peopled with Germans.\\nA small fort was placed on St. Augustine Creek and called\\nThunderbolt. On the Skidway Islands ten families were\\nplaced, and a fort built for their protection. Josephstown\\non the Savannah River was peopled by Scotch. All these\\nsettlements were short lived, however. The swamp fever\\ncaused many deaths and the towns were soon deserted.\\nAs more emigrants came out, more plantations were formed\\nand business went on in perfect order. A light-house\\nwas commenced on the northern end of Great Tybee\\nIsland.\\n8. On the 23d of January, Oglethorpe, with sixteen\\nattendants, sailed southward to find out what defence they\\ncould make against the Spaniards. He reached St. Simons\\nIsland on the 27th, and on the next day he found another\\nisland which he named in honor of his friend Sir Joseph Jekyl.\\nHe decided that a strong fort should be placed on St. Simons,\\na military station and settlement be made at the mouth of the\\nAltamaha River, and also selected a sight for Frederica and\\nNew Inverness.\\n9. In March, 1734, the ship Piirisburg brought over the\\nLutheran Salzburgers, a persecuted band of Germans. They\\nwere warmly welcomed, and Oglethorpe chose for them a home\\nin a pine forest. They called their town Ebenezer. Their\\npiety was deep and fervent and worthy of much admiration.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0031.jp2"}, "32": {"fulltext": "lO THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nEarly in 1735 the settlement was strengthened by fifty-seven\\nmore Salzburgers.\\n10. In May, 1734, Oglethorpe, Tomochichi, his wife and\\nadopted son and five Cherokee chiefs made a visit to England.\\nThe Indian chiefs took presents to the king and queen,\\nrenewed their treaty with the trustees, and after four months\\nstay returned home much impressed with civilization. Ogle-\\nthorpe remained in England for the purpose of sending more\\nemigrants out. In 1735 he sent over a colony of Swiss and\\nMoravians. They settled on the Ogeechee River. In October\\nthe same year, a regiment of Scotch Highlanders sailed from\\nInverness. Arriving at the Altamaha River in January, 1736,\\nthey settled at New Inverness, in the district called Darien.\\nQuestions. i. What did Oglethorpe do upon his arrival? What\\nwas his next move Who went with him Tell of their journey. What\\ndid they find Who was the Indian chief? 2. Whose trading post Tell\\nsomething of Mary Musgrove. Where was the post established 3. How\\ndid Oglethorpe find the Indians Who helped him make friendly settle-\\nments 4. When did Oglethorpe return to Beaufort and when did the\\nemigrants sail for their new home What did they do upon their arrival\\nWhat town did they lay out next morning 5. Where did Oglethorpe\\ndwell What of his success with the Indians 6. When did more\\nemigrants come over? 7. Where was a fort built and for whom named?\\nWhat village was begun and with whom peopled What other settlements\\nwere made Where were the Scotch placed How did these settlements\\nprosper? 8. Where did Oglethorpe now sail What islands did he find?\\nFor what towns did he select sites 9. When did the Purislmrg come\\nover What emigrants came Where were they settled When was the\\nsettlement at Ebenezer strengthened? 10. Where did Oglethorpe now\\nsail and who accompanied him What did the Indians take with them\\nand what were their impressions For what purpose did Oglethorpe\\nremain? Who did he send over in 1735? Where did they settle?", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0032.jp2"}, "33": {"fulltext": "PROGRESS OF THE COLONY.\\nII\\nCHAPTER V.\\nPROGRESS OF THE COLONY.\\nI. In October, 1735, Oglethorpe, accompanied by John and\\nCharles Wesley brought out 225 emigrants. Among them were\\nmany English people, more German Lutherans and Moravians.\\nThe Germans were sent to Ebenezer, the JMoravians to the\\nsettlement on the Ogeechee. The Reverend John Wesley had\\nbeen appointed missionary to Georgia. He was a religious\\nenthusiast and a reformer, and became the head of a society\\nthat had been formed by his brother Charles, for good works\\namong the poor. On arriving at Savannah he began his labors,\\nand sacrificed all personal considerations for the spiritual and\\ntemporal good of the settlers and the Indians. He read the\\nliturgy daily, preached and exhorted forded rivers, slept on\\nthe ground, fasted, and went bare-\\nfooted among those who had no\\nshoes. His missionary work was\\nnot, however, well received by the\\ncolonists, and he returned to Eng-\\nland in 1738 and formed the first\\nMethodist society. His aggressive\\nmethods and independence were\\ndistasteful to the established church\\nand the doors were closed against\\nhim. He then joined George\\nWhitefield in open-air preaching,\\nand built the first Methodist chapel\\nat Bristol, and formed many societies under the name of\\nMethodists. His brother Charles came with him to Georgia,\\nas secretary to General Oglethorpe, but they did not long\\nremain together. He returned to England in 1836. These\\ntwo brothers were very gifted and earnest men, and have left\\ntheir impress upon the religious world as the founders of\\nReverend George Whitefield.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0033.jp2"}, "34": {"fulltext": "12 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nArmenian Methodism. The hymns of Charles Wesley are\\nsung everywhere in Christian churches, and will no doubt\\nremain as the best standards of sacred songs. Reverend\\nGeorge Whitefield who succeeded John Wesley was a pulpit\\norator of extraordinary power. He labored diligently in\\nmission work and in founding an orphanage in Savannah.\\nBetween 1738 and 1751 he crossed the ocean six times,\\nin furtherance of his work. He preached 18,000 sermons,\\nand his voice was so clear and musical that it could be\\ndistinctly heard by an audience of 25,000 people. His\\nelocution and his gestures formed the model of orators and\\nactors in his day. His separation from the Wesleys was\\nbecause they differed in faith and creed. They were Armenians\\nwhile he was a Calvinist.\\n2. In November, 1735, a town was laid out far up on the\\nSavannah River and named by Oglethorpe, Augusta for one of\\nthe royal princesses. O Bryan was the first settler. A large\\nIndian trade between this town and Charleston at once began.\\nIn 1736 Augusta was garrisoned, ware-houses were built, boats\\nnavigated the Savannah River, and at an early date not less\\nthan 600 persons were here engaged in commerce. A road\\nwas opened to Savannah, and Augusta became the most\\nimportant trading post in the Southern States. February\\n18, 1736, Oglethorpe went to St. Simons to establish\\na settlement and fort. Work was at once begun on the\\ntown which was named Frederica, in honor of Frederick,\\nPrince of Wales. A strong fort was built for its defense.\\nNear this town was the only home Oglethorpe ever owned in\\nGeorgia.\\n3. Leaving Frederica in the hands of the builders, Ogle-\\nthorpe, accompanied by friends, Tomochichi and other Indian\\nchiefs, proceeded to reconnoiter the Southern Frontier. They\\nwent in scout-boats to Jekyl and placed a fort on its southern\\nextremity. The island south of this was, at the urgent request\\nof one of the Indian chiefs, named Cumberland in honor of the", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0034.jp2"}, "35": {"fulltext": "PROGRESS OF THE COLONY. 1 3\\nDuke of Cumberland, who had presented the chief with a watch\\nwhile in London. Here Oglethorpe marked out Fort Andrew,\\nand left Colonel Mackay and his men to built it. Two more\\nislands were visited and named Amelia and Talbot.\\n4. The colonists were in a state of constant alarm. Attacks\\nfrom the Spaniards in Florida were daily expected. Oglethorpe\\nestablished another fort on the southern end of St. Simons.\\nThis commanded the entrance to Jekyl Sound. Upon San\\nJuan Island near the mouth of the St. John s River, Oglethorpe\\ndiscovered the ruins of an old fort. He sent Captain Herms-\\ndorf and a detachment of Highlanders to repair and occupy it.\\nThis island was included in the grant of Georgia, so they\\nrenamed it George and the fort St. George. Scout boats\\nwere constantly sent out as far as the mouth of St. John s\\nRiver, and Indian runners watched the walls of St. Augustine\\nto notify Oglethorpe of every movement of the enemy.\\nThe chiefs of the Cheehaws and Creeks offered aid. A large\\nbody of volunteers were promised from Carolina.\\n5. To conciliate the Spaniards, Charles Dempsey was sent\\nto St. Augustine- to arrange a meeting between the governors\\nof Florida and Georgia, with a view of settling the boundary\\nline between the two provinces. The Spanish officials in\\ngreat splendor visited Oglethorpe at Frederica, and made\\nmany protestations of friendship. Shortly after this they\\ndemanded that the English evacuate all territory lying south\\nof St. Helena Sound. Feeling that a stronger force was\\nnecessary for the protection of the colony, Oglethorpe sailed\\nfor England on the 29th of November, 1736, to consult with\\nthe trustees.\\n6. The trustees petitioned the crown for forces to protect\\nthe Georgia colony. The petition was granted, and Oglethorpe\\nmade colonel of the regiment and commander-in-chief of all\\nhis majesty s forces in Carolina and Georgia. So threatening\\nwas the attitude of the Spaniards, that a detachment of troops\\nwas ordered at once to Georgia. Reverend George Whitefield,", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0035.jp2"}, "36": {"fulltext": "14 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nwho had been appointed missionary in place of John Wesley,\\nwas a passenger on board the same vessel. Oglethorpe\\nreturned to Georgia in time to mourn with all the colonists\\nthe death of the great warrior Tomochichi.\\n7. Spain now threatened to exterminate the colony and war\\nwas declared by England November 5, 1739. This war and\\nsubsequent contentions came from disputes over boundary\\nlines and what was called the right of discovery. A party of\\nSpaniards attacked the fort on Amelia Island. Oglethorpe\\nwith a thousand Indians, a troop of horse and a Highland\\nregiment drove them back into St. Augustine and burned\\ntheir boats. The whole of St. John s River was soon in his\\npossession. Garrisoning all the captured forts, he returned to\\nFrederica. There he was reinforced by troops from Carolina\\nand prepared for an attack upon St. Augustine.\\n8. Finding that boats could not approach the city, he\\nadvanced upon land and placing the city in siege, demanded\\na surrender from the Spanish governor. The mighty Don sent\\nhim for an answer, I will be pleased to shake hands with\\nyou in my castle. At this defiant reply, Oglethorpe opened\\nhis battery and shelled the town. For twenty days this siege\\ncontinued, when the Spaniards were reinforced from Havana.\\nOglethorpe was taken sick and the English returned to\\nFrederica, having lost about fifty men.\\nQuestions. i. When did Oglethorpe return.^ By whom accom-\\npanied? Where were the emigrants sent? Tell something of John\\nWesley. What of Charles Wesley? Who succeeded John Wesley as\\nmissionary to Georgia Tell of his successful work. 2. When was\\nAugusta laid out? Who was the first settler? What of the Indian trade\\nand Augusta s growth What did Oglethorpe do February, 1736? What\\ntown was begun When was Oglethorpe s home 3. Where did Ogle-\\nthorpe now go? Where was a fort placed and what three islands were\\nvisited and named 4. Why were the colonists alarmed Where did\\nOglethorpe establish other forts? What did he re-name San Juan?\\nWhat precautions were taken against the enemy s approach 5. What\\nwas done to conciliate the Spaniards? Who visited Oglethorpe What", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0036.jp2"}, "37": {"fulltext": "SPANISH INVASION. I 5\\ndid they demand Why did Oglethorpe go to England 6. What petition\\ndid the trustees grant What was Oglethorpe made Who came over\\nwith the troops? Who died? 7. What did Spain threaten? For what\\nwas war declared When was the first attack made How did Ogle-\\nthorpe meet the Spaniards? What was his success? 8. How did he\\napproach St. Augustine? Tell of the siege.\\nCHAPTER VI.\\nSPANISH INVASION.\\n1. Quiet was restored for a while. The colony showed\\nthrift, but much dissatisfaction was felt among the colonists.\\nThe land and climate seemed not suited for the culture of silk,\\nyet the trustees insisted upon that industry and did not wish\\ncotton cultivated, though it was the successful crop. Many\\ncomplaints were made of the magistrates, and Oglethorpe was\\naccused of partiality.\\n2. The trustees resolved to change the government. Colonel\\nWilliam Stephens, who was acting as secretary to the trustees,\\nwas appointed President of Savannah County. He had four\\nassistants. General Oglethorpe was governor-in-chief of the\\nwhole colony, but spent most of his time in Frederica County,\\nand no other officer was thought necessary there. Bailiffs\\nwere appointed to act under him. Savannah County was the\\nterritory lying north of Darien. Frederica County lay between\\nDarien and the Altamaha River.\\n3. The Spaniards now gathered all of their forces and\\nprepared to completely subjugate Georgia. Their fleet con-\\nsisted of fifty-six vessels and 7,500 men. Oglethorpe sent to\\nCarolina for troops, prepared his regiments for war, and called\\nupon his Indian allies for aid to meet the threatened invasion.\\nJune 21, 1742, nine Spanish vessels attempted to enter\\nAmelia Sound, but were driven back by the guns on Fort", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0037.jp2"}, "38": {"fulltext": "l6 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nWilliams. They then came into Cumberland Sound, but\\nOglethorpe with six boats and a hundred men repulsed them.\\nHe then returned to Frederica for reinforcements.\\n4. On the 28th of June another Spanish fleet appeared on\\nthe bar. This fleet was under the command of Don Manuel\\nDe Monteano and presented a grand array, drawn up in battle\\nline. July 5 after a short engagement, Oglethorpe was forced\\nto abandon fort St. Simons, and ordered all of the troops to\\nfall back to Frederica to defend that place. There were only\\n700 men in this command, but they were hourly expecting\\nreinforcements from Carolina.\\n5. 4,300 of the enemy landed on St. Simons, and July 7 a\\nparty of them advanced to Frederica. When within two miles\\nof the town Oglethorpe met them with Indians, Highlanders\\nand rangers under his command. He completely routed the\\nenemy and captured the commander of the party. Pushing on\\nseveral miles, Oglethorpe stationed his men in ambush and\\nreturned himself to Frederica to hurry his marines to action.\\nThe men in ambush under the command of Sutherland and\\nMackay succeeded in surprising the approaching enemy, and\\nkilled some of their principal officers. Oglethorpe did not\\narrive until after the engagement, but he was so pleased that\\nhe promoted the two young men on the spot.\\n6. He determined to attack the Spaniards at night, though\\nhe had but few men. When he was within a short distance of\\nthe encampment one of his men deserted and went over to the\\nenemy. Knowing that he would give information, Oglethorpe\\nhastily devised a plan to thwart the treason. He wrote a letter\\nto the man who had deserted and gave it to one of his Spanish\\nprisoners to convey it into the Spanish lines and deliver it.\\nThe letter was written in French, seemingly from a friend of\\nthe deserter, saying he had received the money and should try\\nto make the Spaniards believe that the English forces were\\nfew and weak, and that they expected no reinforcements. Of\\ncourse this letter found its way to the Spanish headquarters.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0038.jp2"}, "39": {"fulltext": "SPANISH INVASION. 1 7\\nSuch was their fear of the English, that the Spaniards hastily\\nembarked leaving much of their arms and ammunition.\\n7. This ended the contest. It lasted one month and the\\nSpaniards did not gain a single victory. Georgia and Carolina\\nwere freed from their southern enemy, and the war only\\ncontinued abroad between England and Spain.\\n8. Oglethorpe continued to strengthen the frontier and\\nlook after the improvement of the colony until his departure\\nto England. He left Georgia the 17th of July, 1743.\\nTreacherous accusations had been made against him by one\\nLieutenant-Colonel Cook. Arriving at London he demanded\\nthat the charges made against him should be investigated. A\\nboard of general officers made the investigation and declared\\nthe whole charge to be groundless, false and malicious.\\nLieutenant Cook was dismissed from the service. Oglethorpe\\nnever returned to Georgia, though he took the deepest interest\\nin the colony and was recognized as governor until the trustees\\nsurrendered the charter in 1752. Ten of the best years of his\\nlife and most of his fortune at that time was spent in behalf of\\nGeorgia.\\nQuestions. i. What was the condition of the colony.? What com-\\nplaints were made 2. What did the trustees decide to do What change\\nwas made? What is said of Oglethorpe? What other officers were\\nappointed? What two counties were made? 3. What did the Spaniards\\ndo Of what did their fleet consist What preparations for war did\\nOglethorpe make When and where was the first attack of the Span-\\niards What was the result 4. Tell of the next fleets. What was\\nOglethorpe forced to do How many men were in his command 5. How\\nmany Spaniards landed How were they met What was Oglethorpe s\\nnext move What is told of two young officers 6. What did Oglethorpe\\ndetermine to do? Tell of the Deserter. 7. How long did this war last\\nand who was successful 8. Tell of Oglethorpe s departure. What of\\nCook s accusations Did Oglethorpe return to Georgia", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0039.jp2"}, "40": {"fulltext": "1 8 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHAPTER VII.\\nADMINISTRATION OF STEPHENS.\\n1. After the departure of Oglethorpe, Colonel William\\nStephens became governor of both counties. During the\\nearly part of Stephens administration, Major William Horton\\nwas in command of the troops in Georgia.\\n2. The colony did not prosper. A number of petitions had\\nbeen sent to the trustees to sanction the introduction of slaves.\\nIt was declared that the white servants were not able to stand\\nthe malaria and fevers in the swamps. Their employers\\nabandoned all hope of gain. The silk, wine, indigo and lumber\\ntrade nearly ceased. Many industrious families moved into\\nSouth Carolina where there were negroes. Reverend George\\nWhitefield who had tried the slave labor on a farm in Carolina,\\nbecame convinced that Georgia could not thrive without\\nnegroes.\\n3. James Habersham, president of the Council of Georgia,\\nwrote a letter to the trustees advising them to change their\\npolicy, and Thomas Stephens, a son of the governor was sent\\nover to England to obtain a repeal of the law prohibiting\\nslavery, but failed in the attempt. The trustees to quiet the\\npeople allowed rum to be brought into the colony. This\\nsatisfied them for a short time only, when the petitions and\\ncomplaints were renewed. After fifteen years of this trouble,\\nthe trustees decided to consider the question, and requested\\nthe governor to find out upon what conditions Georgia was\\nwilling to accept slaves.\\n4. A meeting of the representatives was called. Major\\nlorton, one of the best men of the colony, was made chairman.\\nhe resolutions of this meeting were laid before the trustees,\\ne trustees in turn petitioned his majesty and October 26,\\n9, negro slaves became lawful property in Georgia. A", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0040.jp2"}, "41": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF STEPHENS. 1 9\\npenalty of ten pounds was to be paid by every master who\\nallowed his negroes to work on Sunday, and a penalty of five\\npounds must be paid by the master if his slaves did not attend\\nreligious services at least once on that day. So Georgia\\nafter a struggle of fifteen years acquired the right that\\nthe other English colonies of America had long since had.\\nThe colony now began to prosper. The number of in-\\nhabitants increased rapidly. In 1750 Georgia had 1,500\\npeople, and five ship-loads of produce were sent to England.\\nIn was in the year 1749 that the colony had great trouble\\nwith Thomas Bosomworth. He was a minister and had for\\nseveral years been in charge of all religious affairs in Georgia.\\n6. In 1744 he married the widow Mary Musgrove. Up to\\nthis time Mary had been the friend of the colonists, and had\\nrendered them many services in controlling the Indians for\\nwhich she had been paid numerous sums of money. Under\\nthe influence of Bosomworth she now demanded for services\\nrendered, absolute possession of Ossabaw, St. Catherine and\\nSapelo Islands, and a large tract of land near Savannah.\\n7. The Indians under her advice threatened a massacre of\\nthe whites. Mary took the title of independent Empress, and\\nat the head of a large body of Indians set out for Savannah.\\nThomas Bosomworth in his canonical robes with the queen by\\nhis side and followed by many chiefs and warriors marched\\ninto the city July 20, 1749. All the men in Savannah were\\ncompelled to mount guard, and the women and children were\\ngreatly terrified at being left alone in their homes.\\n8. Bosomworth was at once arrested. Finding it utterly\\nimpossible to pacify the Indians while Mary was with them,\\nshe was finally locked up, and the Indians were persuaded\\nto leave the town. Mary and her husband were kept in\\nconfinement for a month, when having begged for pardon they\\nwere set at liberty.\\n9. Bosomworth pressed his wife s claim in London. After\\nyears of negotiations a salary of one hundred pounds per year", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0041.jp2"}, "42": {"fulltext": "20 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nback- pay was allowed her as interpreter, and full title was\\ngiven her to St. Catherine s Island. She and Bosomworth\\nfixed their habitation there, and their graves may still be seen\\nside by side on this island.\\nQuestions. i. Who was governor and who had command of the\\ntroops? 2. What was the condition of the colony? What did Whitefield\\nbelieve was needed? 3. What did James Habersham do? Who was sent\\nto England How did the trustees try to quiet the people After fifteen\\nyears of complaint what was done? 4. For what was a meeting called?\\nWhat was the need of this meeting? When did slaves become lawful\\nproperty in Georgia? On what conditions? What was the effect on\\nthe colony? What troubled the colonists now? 5. What is said of\\nBosomworth? 6. What was Mary s demand? 7. What influence did\\nMary have over the Indians WMiat did Mary and Thomas Bosomworth\\ndo 8. How were they treated 9. Did this end the trouble What was\\nfinally granted them\\nCHAPTER VIII.\\nTRUSTEES SURRENDER THE CHARTER.\\nT. The trustees now declared a representative Assembly\\nnecessary. January 15, 175 1, this Assembly was held at\\nSavannah. Francis Harris was made speaker. This Assembly\\nhad no power except through the trustees, so, feeling they were\\nof little use, after a session of twenty-one days they dissolved.\\n2. Colonel William Stephens good judgment and nobility\\nof character justly fitted him for the control of the colony. Yet,\\nconscious of his feebleness from old age, and being incapable\\nof carrying on regularly the business of the colony, he resigned\\nthe presidency and retired on a pension. Henry Parker, the\\nvice-president, was now made president, and James Habersham\\nmade secretary. In this same year, 1751, the restrictions on\\nthe land were removed and the lands were held in absolute\\ntitle. This gave great satisfaction. The trustees now estab-", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0042.jp2"}, "43": {"fulltext": "TRUSTEES SURRENDER THE CHARTER. 21\\nlished a militia for Georgia. Captain Noble Jones was\\nappointed to the command.\\n3. In 1752 a number of Puritans from Dorchester, S. C,\\nreceived a grant for 31,950 acres of land called Midway, on\\nthe Ogeechee River. In 1630 their ancestors had sailed from\\nEngland for the New England States. There they had suffered\\nmuch, and South Carolina offered them a home. After fifty\\nyears in that state they moved to Georgia, into that region now\\ncalled Liberty County. They settled and named Sunbury in\\nSt. John s parish. From these Puritans many of the noblest\\nmen in Georgia are descended. Two of the trustees, John\\nStephens and John Elliott, were members of the Midway\\ncongregation. The log church they built on Midway Neck\\nwas the first Congregational church in Georgia.\\n4. Emigration from South Carolina continued for years.\\nMany rich people came over with their families and negroes.\\nIt was estimated that nearly one thousand negroes came into\\nthe state in one year. A few Quaker families now moved to\\nGeorgia and settled a few miles above Augusta. They hoped\\nto be able to live on friendly terms with the neighboring\\ntribes of. Indians, but soon after settling they were alarmed\\nby hearing that the Indians were preparing for a raid upon\\nthem. The Quakers at once fled the state, leaving only their\\nname to what is known to this day as Quaker Springs.\\n5. In 1753 the population of Georgia was 2381 whites and\\n1006 blacks. Twenty-one years had now passed and the\\ntrustees decided to surrender the charter of Georgia. They\\nfelt that the colony had grown beyond their management. A\\ncommittee was appointed to arrange matters, and April 29, 1752,\\nthe trustees held their last meeting. Every claim was settled\\nand Georgia passed under the direct control of Great Britain.\\n6. Too much cannot be said of the trustees of Georgia. For\\ntwenty-one years they labored for the improvement of the state\\nwith no expectation or desire for remuneration. They were\\nseventy-two in number. Many of them men with title and", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0043.jp2"}, "44": {"fulltext": "22 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nhigh rank, eminent divines, noted lawyers and members of\\nParliament. When they resigned their trust there were only\\nsix of the original number living.\\n7. President Parker was succeeded by Patrick Graham as\\npresident. Georgia now had a season of great unrest and\\ntrouble. The trustees had supported the colony with donations\\nfrom England, and now that this support was withdrawn\\nGeorgia was left in a state of utter poverty, with no proper\\nform of government, in constant peril from attacks of the\\nIndians and utterly neglected by the royal government. After\\ntwo years this state of affairs was finally recognized in\\nEngland. Georgia was placed under special charge of the\\nLords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, and they were\\nordered to draw up a plan of government for the colony.\\nMarch 5, 1754, it was decided that Georgia have the same\\ngovernment as the other American colonies.\\nQuestions. i. What was declared necessary? Where and when\\nwas this assembly held? What was the result? 2. What is said of\\nStephens? Who were president and secretary? What change was made\\nin 1751 What did the trustees establish? In what year did the Puritans\\ncome over Tell something of this people. 4. What is said of the emi-\\ngration from South Carolina? Tell of these Quakers. 5. What was\\nGeorgia s population in 1753? What was the decision of the trustees?\\nWhen was their last meeting 6. What is said of these trustees 7. Who\\nsucceeded Parker? What was the condition of the colony? Did England\\nrealize the state of affairs What provision was made for Georgia?\\nCHAPTER IX.\\nADMINISTRATION OF REYNOLDS.\\nI. Captain Reynolds of the royal navy of England was made\\npresident. His title was Captain-General and Governor-in-\\nChief of His Majesty s Province of Georgia and Vice-Admiral", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0044.jp2"}, "45": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF REYNOLDS. 23\\nof the same. A Court of Record was established as the general\\ncourt. The presiding judge was called Chief Justice of Georgia.\\nThe General Assembly was to continue in session during\\nReynolds administration.\\n2. Governor Reynolds arrived in Georgia October 29, 1754,\\nand at once took the oath of office. James Habersham was\\nappointed secretary. The governor and the Upper and\\nCommons House of the Assembly formed the government of\\nGeorgia. Patrick Graham was made president of the Upper\\nHouse and David Douglas of Augusta was speaker of the\\nCommons House. Courts of Record were created in 1755 and\\ntwo judges, Noble Jones and Jonathan Bryan, were appointed\\nto office. This court was to hold quarterly terms at Savannah.\\nSoon after a Court of Chancery was established.\\n3. Governor Reynolds addressed the first Legislature of\\nGeorgia at Savannah, January 7, 1755. He was well received\\nand was promised a hearty support by both houses. The most\\nimportant act passed by this Assembly was one for stamping\\ncredit bills to the amount of three thousand pounds, making\\nthis legal tender in the colony.\\n4. Governor Reynolds proceeded at once to look after the\\ndefence of the colony. Frederica he found almost in ruins,\\nwith no protection. Savannah and Augusta had old forts, few\\nguns and raw recruits. There were few men in the colony\\ncapable of bearing arms and the Indians constantly threatened\\nattacks. Hoping to conciliate the Indians, Governor Reynolds\\nappointed a meeting with them at Augusta. While waiting for\\nthe Indians there he was summoned at once to Savannah on\\nan important matter. Leaving a goodly supply of presents\\nand his speech to be delivered by Mr. Little, he at once\\nreturned to Savannah. Mr. Little delivered the presents to\\nthree hundred chiefs and warriors, was well received, and the\\ntribes renewed their pledges of friendship.\\n5. Governor Reynolds upon his return to Savannah found\\ntwo ship-loads of French papists. Governor Lawrence of Nova", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0045.jp2"}, "46": {"fulltext": "24 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nScotia had sent them to Georgia, feeling sure that they would\\nbe well received and cared for. Governor Reynolds was sorely\\nperplexed, for the papist religion was prohibited in Georgia.\\nHumanity, however, compelled him to receive them, for the\\nweather was too severe to admit of their return to Nova Scotia.\\n6. These Acadians had a most unhappy lot. They were of\\nFrench descent and mostly shepherds. Upon the cession of\\nAcadie (Nova Scotia) to the British crown they found them-\\nselves forced to swear allegiance to England or quit their\\nhomes. They chose the former, and, for a little while, were\\nallowed to remain in peace. Finally, however, their cattle and\\nflocks were declared to be forfeited to the crown and they were\\nordered from the provinces.\\n7. That they might have no hope of longer remaining, their\\nhouses and barns were burned, and they were forced to depart\\nat the point of the bayonet. Their English masters crowded\\nthem into ships and scattered them along the coast from\\nMassachusetts to Georgia. Georgia had four hundred of them\\nand provided for them at the public expense. In a short time,\\nthough, nearly all of them disappeared, some of them to\\nCarolina, some to France, while others returned to Nova Scotia.\\n8. Governor Reynolds now inspected the southern coast.\\nAs he did not consider Frederica or Savannah proper towns\\nfor the capital, he chose a small settlement on a high bluff on\\nthe Ogeechee River, fourteen miles from the mouth. He\\nnamed this Hardwick, with a view to making it the capital.\\n9. The Assembly had a disagreement with Governor\\nReynolds. He applied to the colony the same rules he had\\nused upon his man-of-war in the navy. This did not suit, and\\nthe people rebelled. Evidently the colony was not flourishing\\nunder him. Complaints that came from all parts of the colony\\nwere too urgent to pass unheeded. The Lords of Trade and\\nPlantations communicated with His Majesty and received an\\norder recalling Reynolds to answer the charges made against\\nhim. Henry Ellis was appointed lieutenant-governor of Georgia", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0046.jp2"}, "47": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF ELLIS. 2$\\nin Governor Reynolds absence. Reynolds never returned to\\nGeorgia, but entered the navy again.\\nQuestions. i. Who was made President.? What was established?\\n2. When did Reynolds arrive? Who was made secretary? What was\\nthe government? Who were appointed judges What other court was\\nestablished 3. When and where was the first legislature of Georgia\\nWhat act was passed? 4. In what condition did Governor Reynolds find\\nthe colony Why were the colonists in danger What did Governor\\nReynolds do How did the Indians receive these overtures 5. What\\ndid Governor Reynolds find on his return to Savannah Why did he\\nhesitate to receive the people? 6. Who were these emigrants? Why did\\nthey leave their homes 7. How were they forced to leave Nova Scotia?\\n8. WMiat was Governor Reynolds next work What settlement did he\\nchoose for a capital? 9. Why did the Assembly object to Governor\\nReynolds Why did the Lords of Trade and Plantations recall him? Who\\nwas appointed governor during his absence\\nCHAPTER X.\\nADMINISTRATION OF ELLIS.\\n1. Henry Ellis arrived at Savannah February 16, 1757, and\\nwas immediately installed in office. He profited by the mistakes\\nof Reynolds and governed the colony with great care and suc-\\ncess. During his administration there was perfect harmony in\\nthe General Assembly.\\n2. The most interesting act passed by the Legislature was\\none dividing the province into parishes and providing for the\\nestablishment of religious worship. The parishes were eight in\\nnumber Christ Church including Savannah, St. Matthew s\\nparish including Abercorn and Ebenezer, St. George s parish\\nincluding Halifax, St. Paul s parish including Augusta, St.\\nPhillip s parish including Great Ogeechee, St. John s parish\\nincluding Midway and Sunbury, St. Andrew s parish including\\nDarien, and St. James including Frederica. Bartholomew", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0047.jp2"}, "48": {"fulltext": "26 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nZouberbuhler was declared rector of Christ s Church in\\nSavannah. Commissioners were appointed to provide for\\nthe building of churches in other parishes, and a tax was\\nlevied on all estate, real or personal, for the support of\\nthese churches.\\n3. It was the intention of the government of Georgia to\\nestablish the Church of England, but this now seemed impos-\\nsible, for there were Presbyterians, Lutherans, Congregation-\\nalists, Methodists, Papists and a few Hebrews.\\n4. Mr. Ellis was so wise in his administration of public\\naffairs, that May, 1758, his majesty announced him governor-\\nin-chief of Georgia. The Spaniards from time to time gave\\nhim some trouble, and accused the English of causing the\\nIndians to invade Florida. The governor showed this to be\\nfalse and was determined to keep peace with the Spaniards.\\n5. On July 20 there came an important document from\\nWilliam Pitt, afterward Earl of Chatham, calling on Georgia\\nfor men and money to aid in the war against the French in\\nCanada. The General Assembly, in answer, told of the\\nextreme poverty of the province and the want of troops even\\nto guard themselves.\\n6. Trouble now began to arise between the colonists and\\nIndians. The Indians surrounded Fort Loudon, killed several\\nexcursion parties, and cut off all supplies from the fort. They\\nthen marched on to Keowee, a town near Augusta. A treaty\\nof peace was made here and several Indian chiefs were left as\\nhostages. Soon, however, the Indians returned to the war-path.\\nCaptain Cottyman of Fort Prince George and several men\\nwere surprised and murdered in cold blood. In return for this\\nthe soldiers of the fort fell mercilessly upon the Indians and\\nkilled a great number. This aroused the whole Cherokee\\nnation, who vowed to avenge the death of their chiefs, and,\\nrushing upon the towns, they scalped and murdered men,\\nwomen and children, and burned their homes. To add to\\nthis horror, small-pox was raging everywhere.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0048.jp2"}, "49": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF ELLIS. 2/\\n7. Captain Montgomery now came with aid from the north.\\nWith a portion of his command he attacked the httle town of\\nKeowee and put to death every Indian in the village. Thence\\nhe went to Estatoe, and, finding that the inhabitants had fled,\\nhe burned the town. All the settlements in the lower Cherokee\\nnation shared the -same fate. The Indians were completely\\noverpowered and Captain Montgomery moved on to the\\nrelief of Fort Prince George. Finding the Indians indisposed\\nto lay down their arms, Captain Montgomery determined to\\npenetrate into their midst, and marched to within five miles of\\nEtchoe. Here a number of savages in ambush surprised him\\nand a bloody battle ensued. This engagement convinced\\nColonel Montgomery that, encumbered by his wounded, he\\ncould make no headway against the savages, and, in obedience\\nto a recall, he prepared to embark for New York.\\n8. Feeling the great danger of the colonists, the governor\\npersuaded Colonel Montgomery to leave four companies of the\\nRoyal Regiment with him for the protection of the frontier.\\nThese troops were left under the command of Major Frederick\\nHamilton. Fort Loudon was in a most miserable condition. It\\nwas chiefly invested by the enraged Cherokees and could get no\\nassistance from any quarter. For a month the entire garrison\\nhad subsisted upon lean dogs and a small supply of beans\\nfurnished them by a friendly Cherokee woman. The soldiers\\nwere in despair and threatened to leave the fort, preferring to\\ndie by the hands of the Indians rather than perish from hunger.\\n9. Captain Stuart determined to surrender the fort to the\\nIndians on condition that they gave them safe escort to Fort\\nPrince George. August 7, 1760, they marched out. Travelling\\nfifteen miles the first day, they camped out, but on the morning\\nfound that their guides had deserted them, and soon after the\\nIndians in war-paint and feathers rushed upon them. Entirely\\nunprotected, they were soon overpowered, many killed and the\\nrest taken prisoners to Fort Loudon. Learning that his friend\\nCaptain Stuart was taken prisoner, AttakuUakulla, an Indian", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0049.jp2"}, "50": {"fulltext": "28 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nchief, went to the fort, and, giving his clothes and rifle as a\\nransom, purchased Stuart from his captors. Taking him\\nhome with him he made him a member of his family. The\\nother soldiers, after a miserable captivity, were ransomed at a\\ngreat cost by South Carolina.\\n10. The Cherokees now determined to advance upon Fort\\nPrince George. Captain Stuart, assisted by Attakullakulla,\\nmade his escape in order to notify Georgia and South Carolina\\nof the threatened danger. The Indians, assisted by the French,\\nwere bent on massacre. Assistance was again called for by\\nGeorgia, and Colonel Grant with 2500 men was ordered to her\\nrelief.\\n11. He arrived at Fort Prince George May, 1761. Here he\\nwas met by Attakullakulla, who besought the English to wait\\nuntil he could persuade the Cherokees to sue for peace.\\nColonel Grant refused this request and proceeded to march\\non. They met the first war party of Indians on the spot\\nMontgomery had met them the year previous, and a bloody\\nbattle of six hours length ensued. The Indians finally\\nretreated. Colonel Grant marched on, destroyed fourteen\\nIndian towns and drove the Indians into the distant mountains.\\nUpon his return to Fort Prince George, Attakullakulla waited\\nupon him and again asked for peace with the English. There-\\nupon a treaty of peace was formally ratified. Thus ended this\\nwar with the Cherokees.\\n12. Governor Ellis now asked for a recall on account of bad\\nhealth. He was a man much honored and revered for his good\\nqualities, and the colonists were loth to part with him.\\nQuestions. i. Where was Ellis installed? How did he govern the\\ncolony.? 2. What act was passed by legislature? What were these\\nparishes? Who was made rector of Christ s Church? For what were\\ncommissioners appointed? How were the churches to be supported? 3.\\nW^hat was the intention of the government 4. What success had Ellis\\nWhat is said of the Spaniards 5. What important document is spoken\\nof? 6. What trouble now arose? What did the Indians do; Where\\nwas a treaty of peace made Did the Indians keep this treaty What", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0050.jp2"}, "51": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF WRIGHT. 29\\ndid the troops do What effect had this upon the Cherokees What\\nadded to the horror? 7. What aid now came? What was Montgomery s\\nsuccess with the lower nation of Cherokees What happened at Etchoe\\n8. What did the government request Who had command of the troops\\nTell of Fort London. 9. What did Captain Stuart do What was the\\nresult? Tell of AUakullakulla. How were the soldiers warned? 10.\\nWhat of the Cherokees What did Captain Stuart do What assistance\\ndid the Indians have? What did Georgia call for? 11. When did Grant\\narrive? Who met him? Where was the first battle? Who finally\\nretreated? Tell of Grant s success. What treaties were made 12. What\\nis said of Governor Ellis\\nCHAPTER XI.\\nADMINISTRATION OF WRIGHT.\\n1. The third and last governor under the British crown was\\nJames Wright. He was born in South CaroHna, but received\\nhis education in England. October 11, 1760, he arrived in\\nGeorgia and found the colony in a much depressed condition.\\nWright worked hard for the good of the colonists, and much\\nimprovement was soon seen.\\n2. George H. died October, 1760. Funeral services were\\nheld in Georgia and all proper observances made. The day\\nafter King George III. was declared king with much pomp\\nand ceremony. This is the only time a king was proclaimed\\non Georgia soil.\\n3. 1760 the population of Georgia amounted to 6000 white\\npeople. There were 3500 negro slaves ow^ned. The military\\nforce consisted of sixty men belonging to His Majesty s\\ncompanies, two troops of rangers, each with five officers and\\nseventy privates, and the militia comprising 1000 men. The\\ncolony had forty-two vessels of her own, and 3400 pounds of\\nrice w^ere exported. The general trade increased each year,\\nthough there were yet no manufactories. The colonists planted", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0051.jp2"}, "52": {"fulltext": "30 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nrice, indigo, corn, peas, wheat and rye. They made tar, pitch,\\nturpentine, shingles and staves, and raised cattle. A wall was\\nnow built around the southern extremity of Savannah with two\\nwatch towers. The forts at Augusta and other towns were\\nstrengthened.\\n4. Governor Wright decided not to move the capital from\\nSavannah to Hardwick. By royal proclamation on the 7th\\nday of October, 1760, George III. annexed to the province of\\nGeorgia, all lands lying between the rivers of Altamaha and\\nSt. Mary. The governments of east and west Florida were\\nalso organized. The southern boundary of Georgia became\\nthe northern boundary of Florida. So Georgia ceased to be\\non the frontier and was relieved from the direct attacks of the\\nSpanish.\\n5. Troubles with the Indians now called the attention of\\nGovernor Wright. He sent for the different tribes to meet\\nhim at Augusta. At the time appointed about 700 men from\\nthe Catawbas, Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws and Creeks\\nmet him at Augusta. After a short council treaties of peace\\nwere made.\\n6. The war with the French and Indians had cast Great\\nBritain into debt. The British Ministry urged that the\\ncolonies caused the war, and must therefore pay part of the\\nexpense. So they resolved upon a tax upon all colonial\\nexports and imports. The colonists were indignant and\\ndeclared Great Britain had no power to impose this heavy\\ntax. Notwithstanding these appeals, March, 1765, Parliament\\npassed The Stamp Act, requiring all papers, bonds, deeds,\\netc., to have stamps. Great indignation was felt throughout\\nAmerica. All the colonists sent resolutions against this act to\\nEngland. Massachusetts called for a general congress to meet\\nat New York on the ist Tuesday in October, 1765.\\n7. Georgia, through Governor Wright s influence, did not\\nsend a delegate to this congress, but a letter was forwarded\\ndeclaring sympathy with the meeting. The General Assembly", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0052.jp2"}, "53": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF WRIGHT. 3 1\\nof Georgia dismissed William Knox, colonial agent of Georgia\\nin Great Britain, because he publicly sided with the king.\\nGreat excitement had risen. October 26, 1765, Governor\\nWright ordered a commemoration of His Majesty s accession\\nto the throne. The people gathered in the streets and\\nindignantly threatened the governor, .refusing to comply with\\nhis orders, or to acknowledge the paramount authority of the\\nking. So began the revolt in Georgia.\\n8. December 5, 1765, the ship SpeedwclL containing Agnus,\\nthe stamp distributor, appeared in the Savannah River. Agnus\\nwas conveyed secretly to the governor s house to take the\\nrequired oath of the governor, and though strongly guarded\\nleft at once fearing the people s indignation.\\n9. When his visit became known. Governor Wright received\\nseveral threatening letters. James Habersham, President of\\nthe Council, was waylaid at night and beaten. Finally, several\\nhundred men went to Governor Wright and told him unless the\\nstamps were removed they would burn his house and the fort.\\nThe governor at once sent the papers back to the Speedwell^\\nwhich still remained in the harbor. That night a mob burned\\nthe governor in effigy. He ordered out the militia and the\\nmarines from the SpeediuelL This excitement increased until\\nthe Stamp Act was repealed by Parliament, Feb. 22, 1766.\\nQuiet was at once restored, the colonists declaring themselves\\ndutiful subjects so long as their rights were not interfered with.\\nGovernor Wright had been loyal to his sovereign and still had\\nthe respect of the people. The colony prospered under his\\ncontrol and in 1766 produced 20,000 pounds of cocoons. The\\npopulation was 18,000.\\n10. Benjamin Franklin was made agent of Georgia in 1768.\\nHe was a man of great integrity and ability and was of much\\nbenefit to the colony.\\nQuestions. i. Who was the last governor under the British crown?\\nHow did he find the colony.^ What is said of his efforts. 2. What\\nfuneral services were held in Georgia When was a king proclaimed on", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0053.jp2"}, "54": {"fulltext": "32 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n(Jeorgia soil? 3. What was the population of Georgia in 1760? How\\nmany slaves owned What was the military force What of Georgia s\\nshipping? How much rice was exported? What were the industries of\\nthe colony? How was Savannah strengthened? Augusta? 4. Was the\\ncapital moved? What is said of a royal proclamation? What of the\\nsouthern boundary of Georgia? 5. What called the attention of Governor\\nWright What did he do What tribes met him What was the result\\n6. What trouble now arose with Great Britain What effect did this tax\\nhave on the people What did Parliament do How was this act\\nreceived? What was called at New York? 7. What did Georgia do?\\nWhat action did the General Assembly make? What happened October 26,\\n1765? S. When and for what purpose did the Speedivcll come? For\\nwhat did Angus come? 9. What was the effect of Angus visit? What\\nwas done to James Habersham What did the people demand of\\nGovernor Wright? What did he do? Did this satisfy the people?\\nWhen did the excitement cease? Was Wright successful in his manage-\\nment of the colony? What was Georgia s population in 1766? 10. What\\nis said of Benjamin Franklin\\nCHAPTER XII.\\nGEORGIA IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.\\n1. In February, 1768, the speaker of the Assembly of\\nMassachusetts sent a letter to the Assembly of Georgia pro-\\nposing a general congress of the colonies. The house was\\nnot in session, but Alexander Wyley, the speaker, assured\\nMassachusetts that Georgia would join in the congress.\\nGovernor Wright was much incensed at Wyley for this. The\\nAssembly met November, 1768. Noble Jones was made\\nspeaker.\\n2. The citizens met at Savannah, September 16, 1769, and\\npassed a resolution declaring that any person or persons\\nwhatsoever importing any of the articles subject to duties after\\nhaving it in their power to prevent it, ought not only to be\\ntreated with contempt, but deemed an enemy to the country.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0054.jp2"}, "55": {"fulltext": "GEORGIA IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 33\\nIn 1770 the Boston Massacre occurred. Georgia joined in the\\ngeneral indignation and determined to cease all commerce with\\nEngland.\\n3. Governor Wright now applied to His Majesty for leave of\\nabsence. July 10, 1 771, he left Georgia to be absent a year and\\na half. James Habersham was made president of the Council.\\nFebruary, 1773, Governor Wright returned to Savannah and\\ncontinued his successful administration. During his absence\\nthe Indians had made a large debt with the traders. For this\\ndebt Governor right took a large tract of land, which is now\\ndivided into the counties of Wilkes, Taliaferro, Greene, Elbert,\\nOglethorpe and Lincoln.\\n4. Parliament now determined to subdue the colonies.\\nMarch 31, 1774, Parliament passed the Boston Port Bill to\\nstop all commerce with Boston. The charter of Massachusetts\\nwas taken away, a law was made by Parliament ordering all\\npersons accused of certain offences to be brought to England\\nfor trial, and so the American colonies were driven to strike\\nfor liberty from oppression.\\n5. The Georgia Gazette^ July 20, 1774, published a notice\\ncalling all citizens who wished liberty to a meeting. This\\nnotice was signed by Archibald Bullock, Noble Jones, John\\nHouston and John Walton. Governor Wright issued a procla-\\nmation against this meeting. But in utter disregard of the\\ngovernor, the meeting was held at Tondee s Tavern in\\nSavannah, August 10, 1774, and a number of resolutions\\npassed, as follows that the Boston Port Bill was tyranny\\nthat the withdrawal of the charter of Massachusetts was\\nsubversive of American rights that Parliament had no right\\nto tax American subjects that it was contrary to national\\njustice to take criminals from America to England to be tried\\nfor crime committed in the colonies that Georgia concurs\\nwith her sister colonies in every constitutional measure to\\nobtain redress of American grievances. A committee was\\nappointed to solicit contributions for the Boston sufferers,", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0055.jp2"}, "56": {"fulltext": "34 J lIE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nand within a short time 579 barrels of rice were shipped to\\nBoston.\\n6.. Soon after this meetins; Governor Wrisrht called a meetinof\\nof the Royalists. This party was strong and active, and those\\nwho now called themselves the Liberty Boys had hard\\nwork to get Georgia firmly placed among the Revolutionists.\\nGovernor Wright frankly admitted that it required more than\\nhis power to correct the evils and subdue the flame of inde-\\npendence burning in the colony. Though with the assistance\\nof the Royalists he succeeded in preventing Georgia from\\nsending a delegate to the first Continental Congress. To the\\nSons of Liberty the position of the province was most morti-\\nfying. They were placed under a ban by their seeming indif-\\nference in not joining with the other colonies in the General\\nCongress.\\n7. So a Provincial Congress was determined upon. This\\nCongress met January 18, 1775. John Glenn was made chair-\\nman. This meeting was almost a failure. Only four of the\\ntwelve parishes were represented, and these were not harmoni-\\nous. In despair the Congress adjourned having elected Noble\\nJones, Archibald Bullock and John Houston to represent\\nGeorgia in the General Congress at Philadelphia, May 10,\\n1775. St. John s parish was indignant at the want of action\\nand determined to act independently and in advance of the\\nrest of the colony.\\n8. This parish possessed one-third of the wealth of Georgia,\\nand the people were noted for their honesty and determination.\\nOn the twenty-first of March they held a meeting and declared\\ntheir entire sympathy with all declarations made by the Gen-\\neral Congress, and elected Dr. Lyman Hall to represent them\\nin the General Congress. This patriotic act of St. John s par-\\nish was afterwards acknowledged when all the parishes had\\njoined in the revolution. By a special act of the Legislature,\\nthe name of Liberty County was given to the parishes of St.\\nJohn, St. Andrew and St. James.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0056.jp2"}, "57": {"fulltext": "GEORGIA IX THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 35\\n9. The delegates elected by the Provincial Congress de-\\ncided not to attend General Congress, and wrote a letter stating\\ntheir reasons why. They chose not to represent the province\\nwhile it was so undecided and expressed their shame that the\\nprovince had acted in so small a manner. At the next time\\nof meeting of the General Assembly no members were present,\\nand Governor right prorogued the session until November 7,\\n1775. Before that day arrived, however, Georgia had passed\\ninto the hands of the Republicans.\\n10. Now came the news of the affairs at Lexington and\\nConcord. General Gage had landed and 3000 British troops\\nwere in Boston. On the 19th of April, 1775, the battle of\\nLexington was fought. This called for the union of the\\ncolonies, and brought the Georgia parishes to action. The\\npowder magazines at Savannah contained a considerable\\nsupply. This the people determined to get. May 11, 1775, a\\nparty of men led by Joseph Habersham broke open the mag-\\nazine and took 600 barrels of powder. A portion of this was\\nsent to South Carolina and the rest secreted until needed.\\nThe governor issued a reward for the offenders, but though\\nwell known they w^ere never captured.\\n11. Notwithstanding the unsettled state of affairs Governor\\nWright determined to celebrate the king s birthday. On the\\nnight before the day appointed for the celebration the citizens\\ncame together and rolled all the cannon to the bottom of the\\nbluff. This was a pointed insult to his majesty. It w^as with\\ngreat labor that some of the cannon were recovered by the\\nRoyalists in time to fire in the royal ceremonies, amid the\\njeers of the colonists. During these ceremonies the Liberty\\nboys erected the first liberty pole in Georgia. This was in\\nSavannah, June 5, 1775. On June twenty-first a meeting was\\nheld for the purpose of bringing about a union of Georgia\\nwith the other colonies for the cause of freedom. A Council\\nof Safety was appointed, the Union flag was hoisted upon\\nthe Hberty pole and two cannon posted at its base.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0057.jp2"}, "58": {"fulltext": "36 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nQuestions. i. What did the Assembly of Massachusetts do?\\nWho answered When did Georgia s Assembly meet and who was speaker\\n2. When and where did the citizens meet What resolutions were passed\\nWhat happened in 1770? What effect had this on Georgia? 3. How\\nlong was Governor Wright absent? Who was president during his\\nabsence? What trade did Wright make with the Indians upon his return\\nto Georgia? 4. What did Parliament do? What effect did this have on\\nthe colony? 5. What notice did their prominent men sign? Did the\\ngovernor approve? What effect did his disapproval have on the people?\\nWhat resolutions were passed at the meeting and what committee\\nappointed? 6. What other meeting was called? Tell something of the\\nRoyalists. What was Governor Wright s influence? What was the\\nposition of the Liberty Boys 7. Tell of the Provincial Congress.\\nWhat did Congress do before it adjourned? What parish determined to\\nact? 8. What of this parish? How was this act rewarded? 9. What\\ndid the delegates do? What of the next Assembly? 10. What news\\nnow came? What did the people determine to get? What of Joseph\\nHabersham? ir. What did Governor Wright determine to do? How\\ndid the citizens behave What was done by the Liberty Boys during\\nthe ceremonies? When was the pole erected? What meeting was held\\nand what was appointed\\nCHAPTER XIII.\\nREVOLUTIONARY WAR.\\n1. This public feeling of the people alarmed Governor\\nWright, and he wrote to General Gage for relief for the colony,\\nand stating that war vessels were needed, as the ports were\\nblocked. His letter never reached its destination. As it\\npassed through Charleston the Committee of Safety withdrew\\nthe letter and substituted another in the same envelope, stating\\nthat Georgia was quiet and the Royalists needed no help. So\\nGeorgia secured no assistance from the British.\\n2. May 19, 1775, the second Continental Congress met at\\nPhiladelphia. Peyton Randolph was president. Lyman Hall", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0058.jp2"}, "59": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 37\\nwas Georgia s first representative. George Washington was\\nmade commander-in-chief of all American forces.\\n3. The Provincial Congress which assembled at Savannah,\\nJuly 4, 1775, was Georgia s first secession convention. Every\\nparish sent representatives. Archibald Bullock was president\\nand George Walton secretary. During this Congress, July 10,\\nCaptain Maitland s ship, direct from London, and known to\\nbe loaded with powder, arrived at Tybee. A schooner was\\ncommissioned by Congress and placed under the command of\\nCaptain Bowen and Joseph Habersham. Captain Maitland s\\nship was pursued and taken by Captain Bowen. Fourteen\\nthousand pounds of powder were captured. Georgia kept\\n9000 pounds, and at the earnest request from the Continental\\nCongress, sent 5000 pounds to Philadelphia. This Georgia\\nschooner was the first vessel ammunitioned for warfare in the\\nrevolution, and this capture was the first made by order of\\nany Congress in America.\\n4. November 4, 1775, the Council (which met every Monday)\\nordered a battalion raised for the defense of Georgia. Lachlan\\nMcintosh was appointed colonel. Samuel Habersham, lieu-\\ntenant-colonel, and Joseph Habersham, major.\\n5. Governor Wright now requested royal permission to\\nreturn to England, and confessed his inability to rule the\\nLiberty people who had taken the government from him\\nby force. He was cheered, however, by the arrival of two\\nBritish men-of-war. They anchored at Tybee on January 12,\\n1776, in company with a transport from Boston and a detach-\\nment of royal troops under the command of Majors Maitland\\nand Grant. The Council of Safety now determined to strike\\na determined blow, showing kingly rule to be at an end in\\nGeorgia, and ordered the arrest of Governor Wright. Major\\nHabersham with a selected party undertook to secure the\\ngovernor. He passed the sentinel at the door, advanced to\\nthe governor saying: You are my prisoner. Astounded at\\nthis bold movement, the governor surrendered, while his friends", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0059.jp2"}, "60": {"fulltext": "38 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nhastily left the building. He was placed under arrest and\\nguarded, but soon escaped and was taken on board of the\\nBritish ship Scarborough. From this ship he wrote a letter to\\nthe colonists urging them to beg for pardon from His Majesty,\\nand assuring them overtures would be well received. But the\\npublic cry was for liberty. \\\\xi courtesy the president of the\\nCongress replied to that effect.\\n6. On the 20th of January, 1776, the Provincial Congress\\nwas organized by the election of Archibald Bullock as\\npresident, and John Houston, Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett\\nand George Walton were appointed delegates to Congress.\\nNews of the Declaration of Independence reached Georgia\\nin August, 1776. It had been signed July 4 by the delegates\\nfrom all thirteen colonies. George Walton, Button Gwinnett\\nand Lyman Hall signed for Georgia. The news was received\\nwith great rejoicing and the declaration was publicly read. For\\nthe first time the liberty pole was surmounted with a liberty flag.\\n7. A convention was held in Savannah, in October, for\\nthe purpose of arranging some new form of government.\\nFebruary 5, 1777, the first constitution of Georgia was adopted.\\nThis consisted of sixty-three articles. They declared the final\\nseparation from the government of Great Britain, and afiirmed\\nthe principles contained in the Declaration of Independence\\nand the Constitution of the United States. They provided\\nfor three departments of the governing power, the Executive,\\nthe Legislative and the Judiciary. The governor was made\\ncommander-in-chief of the army and navy. The Legislature\\nwas to be chosen annually by ballot of the citizens of the\\nrespective counties, and was vested with power to elect\\ndelegates to Congress. These delegates had the right to\\nsit as members of the legislative body. The Legislature also\\nchose from their own body a Council of two members from\\neach county to assist the governor. Freedom of the press and\\ntrial by jury were incorporated in the articles. The state\\nwas divided into eight counties, Chatham, Glynn, Efiingham,", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0060.jp2"}, "61": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 39\\nRichmond, Burke, Camden, Liberty and Wilkes. In each\\ncounty there should be held a Superior Court semi-annually.\\nA new seal was chosen. Archibald Bullock, the capable and\\ntrusted president of the Council, died on the 2 2d of February,\\n1777.\\n8. On the 4th of March the Council of Safety made\\nButton Gwinnett president and commander-in-chief until a\\nnew governor could be elected. Gwinnett at once planned\\nan expedition against Florida. This he undertook to manage\\nwithout the assistance of Mcintosh, who had been made\\nbrigadier-general of the Georgia forces. Colonels Elbert and\\nBaker with their commands nobly assisted Gwinnett, but the\\nexpedition was badly planned and failed utterly.\\n9. May, 1777, John Adams Treutlen was elected governor.\\nGwinnett being the defeated candidate, Mcintosh rejoiced.\\nThis so incensed Gwinnett that he challenged Mcintosh. A\\nduel was fought and Gwinnett was killed. Mcintosh was tried\\nand acquitted, but was advised by his friends to leave Georgia\\nfor a while. General Washington gave him a command in\\nVirginia. Colonel Samuel Elbert succeeded to the command\\nof the troops of Georgia. More forces were added to his\\ntroops and called minute men.\\n10. John Houston succeeded Treutlen as governor in\\n1778. Major-General Howe was appointed commander of\\nthe southern army. Another expedition against the British\\nin Florida was deemed advisable. This, however, proved a\\nfailure, as the officers did not harmonize, and Howe returned\\nto Savannah much disappointed. During the winter of 1778,\\nthe British war commanders determined to carry the war from\\nthe Northern to the Southern States. Georgia was to be\\ninvaded from Florida by General Prevost. Colonel Campbell\\nwith a heavy force was to make a direct attack from the\\nnorth, and Georgia had little hope between these two forces.\\n11. The British landed within two miles of Savannah.\\nGeneral Howe had chosen his position well, but failed to", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0061.jp2"}, "62": {"fulltext": "40 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nprotect the rear of his command. While engaged with the\\nBritish in front, he was suddenly attacked from behind and\\nthe whole army thrown into the utmost confusion. Howe was\\ncompletely defeated and afterwards much censured, for his\\nfailure to protect the army. The British at once took Savannah.\\nThe Georgians suffered much at their hands.\\nQuestions. i. What alarmed Governor Wright.^ What became\\nof his letter. 2. Tell of the second Continental Congress. Who was in\\ncommand of American forces? 3. Tell of the Provincial Congress. What\\nhappened during this Congress? 4. What did the council do? 5. What\\ndid Governor Wright request Why What encouraged him What of\\nthe council of safety? How and by whom was Wright arrested? What\\nbecame of him? 6. What was done in January, 1776? Who were\\nappointed delegates to Congress? When did Georgia have good news?\\nWho had signed for Georgia How was this news received 7. What\\nwas done in October? When was the constitution adopted and what was\\nit What was chosen for the state? Who died at this time? 8. What\\ndid the council of safety do Tell of Gwinnett s expedition against Florida.\\n9. Who was the next governor and when elected What of Mcintosh\\nand Gwinnett? Who succeeded to the command of Georgia troops?\\nWhat was added to the forces? 10. Who was the next governor? Who\\nwas given command of the southern^ army What move did the British\\nmake? ir. What of Howes failure? What of Savannah and the\\nGeorgians\\nCHAPTER XIV.\\nREVOLUTIONARY WAR.\\nI. Governor Wright returned to Georgia on July 13, 1779,\\nand renewed his government. He assured the people of\\npardon if they would return to the British. Many of the\\ninhabitants Hocked to the king s standard and gave up the\\nso-called rebel cause. General Lincoln was now sent south\\nwith troops for the relief of Georgia. The troops from North", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0062.jp2"}, "63": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 4I\\nand South Carolina numbered about 1200 men. He was\\njoined with what was left of Howe s command.\\n2. The British continued to make raids on Georgia towns.\\nA party of Royalists under Captain Brown was surprised by a\\nbody of Americans one night and routed. This encouraged\\nthe people. John Dooley circulated an appeal to the colonists\\nto rally. He collected a small band and was at once joined\\nby Colonel Pickens with 250 men. This small force, having\\ncrossed Savannah River, attacked Colonel Hamilton, drove\\nhim into Carr s Fort and laid siege. But hearing of the\\nadvance of Boyd, a notorious outlaw, and his men, they were\\ncompelled to abandon the siege and retreat into Carolina for a\\ntime. -They afterward succeeded in marching unperceived\\nbehind Boyd and surprised him with an attack. Boyd was\\nkilled and his command dispersed.\\n3. General Lincoln had 5000 men, and by wise management\\nwas recovering many lost fortunes. Unfortunately just at this\\ntime General Ash, who was at Brier Creek with about 800 men,\\nwas surprised by General Prevost and overwhelmingly defeated.\\nLincoln s whole campaign was upset by this disaster and\\nthe British continued in possession of Savannah for some\\nmonths.\\n4. The Council and Legislature had been moved to Augusta\\nwhen Savannah was taken. When the time came for the\\nelection of a governor there was not a quorum present, but the\\nmembers elected John Wereat president, with power to govern\\nthe state. Brigadier-General Lachlan Mcintosh now returned\\nto Georgia and was placed second in command to General\\nLincoln.\\n5. Georgia now determined to call upon the French for aid.\\nCount D Estaing, with a French fleet was in the West Indies.\\nIn response to an appeal from General Lincoln for aid to\\nrecover Savannah, he sailed and arrived September 8, 1779, with\\ntwenty line-of-battle ships, two gun ships and eleven frigates.\\nGeneral Prevost, hearing of the arrival, ordered all outposts", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0063.jp2"}, "64": {"fulltext": "42 THE HISTORY OF fiEORGIA.\\nto fall back into Savannah, and proceeded to fortify the city.\\nWhen Count D Estaing sent a demand for the surrender of the\\ncity, Prevost asked for a truce of twenty-four hours. During\\nthis time he completed his defence, and was strongly reinforced\\nby Maitland and his men. General Lincoln joined D Estaing\\nand they placed the city in siege.\\n6. Short skirmishes and continued cannonading was kept\\nup. D Estaing, wishing to save time, finally determined to\\ncapture the city by assault. October 9 the attack was made.\\nGeneral Hughes was ordered to attack the enemy on the left.\\nThe British, however, being on the watch, drove him back with\\nheavy fire. Count D Estaing advanced with his men and\\npenetrated the intrenchments. At this critical moment he was\\nwounded and borne from the battle-field and his men were\\ndriven back. The American columns under the command of\\nColonel Laurens, and assisted by Count Pulaski and his men,\\nassaulted Spring Hill. It was a brave trial. The ditch was\\nfinally crossed and the flag of South Carolina planted on the\\nslope by Sergeant Jasper. The parapet, however, was too high\\nfor them to scale, and under the heavy fire they were compelled\\nto retreat. Seeing that a shot had cut down the flag he\\nhad planted, Jasper seized it and again planted the flag\\non the same spot. At this battle he was mortally wounded.\\n7. Count Pulaski with two hundred men attempted to force a\\npassage through the enemy s works. He gallantly advanced,\\nbut at the moment of victory a heavy fire from the batteries\\nconfused his men. Pulaski was struck by a canister shot and\\nborne from the field to die. So ended the bloody battle. The\\nAmericans lost everything they had hoped to gain and retreated\\nwith heavy loss and despair. Count D Estaing at once set sail\\nfor France.\\n8. Clinton, now in command of the British, sent out three\\nexpeditions. Charleston and Augusta were taken, and a final\\nendeavor was made to subjugate the southern colonies. Many\\nGeorgians, being hopeless, joined the Royalists. Still there", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0064.jp2"}, "65": {"fulltext": "REVOLUTIONARY WAR. 43\\nwere men who would not abandon their cause. Colonel Clarke\\ncollected 150 men and joined Colonel Williams, who had a\\nparty of Carolinians. They at once called for troops to assist\\nin retaking Augusta. Five hundred men were finally gathered\\nand marched upon Augusta. They attacked the town on three\\nsides. Major Taylor attacked the Indians camp. This drew\\nthe British to their aid and left the city unguarded on two\\nsides. The other two divisions of Clarke s men entered and\\nthe town was soon occupied by them. The enemy took refuge\\nin a strong building called Seymore s white house. Clarke laid\\nsiege to the place, and the British, being in a state of starvation,\\nwere about to surrender when Colonel Cruger arrived with a\\nstrong force for their relief. Colonel Clarke hastily raised the\\nsiege, though many of his men were taken prisoners. Colonel\\nCruger took Augusta without opposition.\\n9. 1780 found Georgia in sore distress. Ruin stared the\\nrebels in the face. The pay of a captain for one month was\\nnot enough to buy him a pair of shoes, and food and clothing\\nwas scantily furnished for the soldiers. Clarke departed with\\nhis troops into Carolina and did good service in the battles of\\nKings Mountain and Cowpens. 1781, General Nathaniel\\nGreene succeeded General Gates in command of the Southern\\narmy. This skilled leader marched his troops south, gaining\\nvictories, and drove the enemy to their strongholds, Augusta\\nand Savannah.\\n10. Clarke now planned again the capture of Augusta, and\\nset out from Carolina with a large body of patriots. Arriving\\nnear Augusta he was joined by General Pickens of South\\nCarolina, and Lieutenant Colonel Henry Lee (father of Robert\\nE. Lee). Lee brought with him troops from the Northern\\nStates. The first attack was made upon Fort Gilpin, at Silver\\nBluff. The fort soon surrendered, and 106 prisoners were\\ntaken. Augusta was protected by Forts Grierson and Corn-\\nwallis, and the British commanders placed themselves at\\nthese points and awaited the attack.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0065.jp2"}, "66": {"fulltext": "44 JTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n11. General Pickens opened fire May 24. 1781. After a\\nsevere struggle the enemy signed articles of surrender, June\\n5, 1 78 1, and under agreement their troops were escorted to\\nSavannah. Augusta was again occupied by Americans. Major\\nJames Jackson was left in command. Pickens and Lee joined\\nGeneral Green at the north. August 16, 1781, the General\\nAssembly met in Augusta. Dr. Nathan Brownson was elected\\ngovernor. Many people now flocked to the American side and\\nthe Georgians again grew hopeful of liberty. The enemy\\noccupied only two outposts, Ebenezer and Ogeechee. These\\ntowns Major James Jackson and Colonel Twiggs attacked and\\nforced the enemy to return to Savannah.\\n12. General Washington gained the victory over Cornwallis\\nat Yorktown, October 19, 1781, and so the war was virtually at\\nan end. January, 1782, the General Assembly at Augusta\\nelected as governor, John Martin. In January General Greene\\nsent General Wayne into Georgia to take command of the\\nGeorgia forces. The state was in a miserable condition. There\\nwas scarcely anything to eat. General Wayne had hard work\\nto support his men. May 23, 1782, he received an express\\ncontaining the Acts of Parliament, desiring a reconciliation\\nbetween the two forces and ordering the evacuation of\\nSavannah. July 21, 1782, the British troops left Savannah and\\nGeneral Wayne entered and took possession of the city. The\\ntreaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States\\nwas signed at Paris, November 30, 1782.\\n13. This war lasted seven years. But now Great Britain\\ndeclared America to be free, and the United States had an in-\\ndependent government.\\nQuestions. i. When did Governor Wright return.? Of what did\\nhe assure the people What of the troops for the relief of Georgia\\n2. What of the British What did John Dooley do.? Why was the siege\\nabandoned.? What was their success later.? 3. Tell of Generals Lincoln\\nand Ash. 4. What of the council and legislature Who was elected\\npresident and who placed in command of troops 5. Who did Georgia", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0066.jp2"}, "67": {"fulltext": "YAZOO FRAUD. 45\\nask for aid What response did the fVench give What were General\\nProvost s movements? Who joined D Estaing? 6. Tell of the attack.\\nWho assisted Colonel Laurens.^ Tell of the heroism of a South Carolina\\nman. What of Count Pulaski 8. What did Clinton do What of the\\nGeorgians.? What of Colonels Clarke and Williams? What town did\\nthey attack and with what success 9. What was the condition of\\nGeorgia? Who succeeded General (iates and what was his success?\\n10. What did Clarke now propose to do? Who assisted him? Tell of\\nthe attack. 11. W^here and by whom was the fight begun? Tell of the\\nsuccess. When and where did General Assembly meet and who was made\\ngovernor? 12. What battle ended the war Who was elected governor\\nin 17S2 AVho was sent to take charge of the Georgia troops and in what\\ncondition did he find them What act of Parliament was secured\\nCHAPTER XV.\\nYAZOO FRAUD.\\n1. The General Assembly met at Savannah, January 9,\\n1783. Lyman Hall was elected governor. In May of the\\nsame year the Council resolved to move the capital to Augusta,\\nso it would be nearer the center of the state. All the property\\nowned by the Royalists was seized and sold for the benefit of\\nthe state. More territory was bought from the Cherokee\\nIndians and the counties of Franklin and Washington added\\nto the state. Legislature granted a charter for the Richmond\\nAcademy at Augusta.\\n2. January, 1784, John Houston was elected governor. The\\nsame year a resolution was adopted requiring a grant of eight\\nland warrants of 5000 acres each, to establish a state college.\\n1785 a board of visitors and a board of trustees was appointed.\\nThe place first chosen for the college was in Green County,\\nwhere Greensboro now is, but the site was finally changed to\\nJackson County.\\n3. The Land Act was passed in 1784 and the Land Court\\nwas established to investigate claims for land. A large tract", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0067.jp2"}, "68": {"fulltext": "4-6 THE HISTORY OF (;P:ORGIA.\\nof land had been taken for a debt from the Indians and called\\nWilkes County. This was to be donated to those who had\\nserved in the war or been faithful to the cause. Twenty\\nthousand acres were offered to Count D Estaing as a token\\nof appreciation for his services.\\n4. 1785, Samuel Elbert was elected governor. 1786, Edward\\nTelfair was elected governor. During these two administra-\\ntions the state was annoyed by threatened invasions from\\nthe Indians on the frontier. Congress changed the money\\nfrom pounds, shillings and pence to dollars, dimes and\\ncents.\\n5. 1787, George Matthews was made governor. The bound-\\nary line between Georgia and South Carolina was settled. A\\nfederal convention met and framed a new Constitution for the\\nUnited States, to take the place of the Articles of Confeder-\\nation. Georgia sent delegates to Philadelphia, and was the\\nfourth state to enter the Union. 1788, George Handly was\\nelected governor. The Constitution of the state was revised.\\nIt gave to the state a Senate and to the governor the veto\\npower and enlarged the right of suffrage. 1789, George\\nWalton was elected governor. The revised Constitution was\\nadopted. George Washington was made President of the\\nUnited States and John Adams Vice-President. 1790, Edward\\nTelfair was elected governor. Under the new Constitution the\\nstate was divided into three Congressional districts.\\n6. 1 791, George Washington made a tour of the Southern\\nStates. Eli Whitney, who lived near Savannah, invented the\\ncotton gin. This increased the cultivation of cotton in the\\nstate. The population of Georgia was now 84,000.\\n7. 1793, George Matthews was elected governor. During\\nhis administration he had much trouble with one General\\nClarke and the Indians. This difficulty was finally settled\\nwith the aid of troops. 1795, a constitutional convention was\\nheld in Louisville, Jefferson County, some changes were made\\nand Louisville declared to be the seat of government.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0068.jp2"}, "69": {"fulltext": "YAZOO FRAUD. 4/\\n8. 1796, Jared Irwin was chosen governor. A treaty was\\nmade with the Creek Indians. By numerous treaties with the\\nIndians, Georgia was in possession, or claimed the right of\\npossession, of all the land reaching to the Mississippi. On\\nthis river there was a large tract named Yazoo, for the tribe of\\nIndians who had once owned it. There was a company formed\\nin South Carolina called the South Carolina Yazoo Company.\\nThey desired to buy this land from Georgia. Companies from\\nVirginia and Tenessee also applied to the Georgia Legislature\\nfor grants of these Yazoo lands. Finally a Georgia Yazoo\\nCompany was formed. The agents of these companies worked\\nhard to bring about this sale, putting forth in glowing terms\\nthe advantages to Georgia. A bill was introduced into the\\nHouse providing for the sale at one cent per acre. But\\nMatthews, who was then governor, opposed the passage of any\\nbill granting these lands. The bill passed the House but he\\nvetoed it. The same bill was then introduced into the Senate\\nwith a different title. This fraudulent bill passed and was\\nsigned by the governor. Many prominent men were in the\\nscheme. The passage of this bill caused great indignation,\\nand the governor was so severely censured that when the\\nLegislature assembled he advised a repeal of the Yazoo act.\\n9. 1796, Jared Irwin was elected governor. He caused a\\nthorough investigation of the fraud. The committee reported\\nthat the scheme was a nullity itself and not binding or\\nobligatory upon the people of the state. A bill was at once\\nput before the House known as the Rescinding Act. This\\npassed and was signed by the governor February 13, 1796.\\nThe companies interested in the Yazoo lands now united in\\na powerful effort to defeat the act. After controversies that\\nlasted several years, the Congress of the United States settled\\nthe affair by causing Georgia to cede the lands, now owned by\\nAlabama and Mississippi to the United States.\\nQuestions. i. When and where did the General Assembly meet\\nand who was elected governor? When was the capital moved? How", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0069.jp2"}, "70": {"fulltext": "48\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA,\\nwas the state improved? What charter was granted? 2. \\\\Vho was\\nthe next governor and when elected? What resolution was adopted?\\n3. What act was passed? To whom was land offered? 4. Who and\\nwhen was the next governor elected Who was elected governor in 1786?\\nWhat of their administrations? 5. 1784, who was made governor? Tell\\nof his administration Who was governor in 178S and what of his admin-\\nistration? Who were governors in 1789-90 and what of importance\\nduring their administrations? 6. What of the year 1791 What was\\nGeorgia s population? 7. When was Matthews elected? Tell of his\\nadministration. 8. When and who was the next governor elected What\\ntreaties were made with the Indians? What was the Yazoo Fraud?\\n9. Who was the next governor? Tell of his administration.\\nCHAPTER XVI,\\nGREAT SEAL OF STATE ADOPTED.\\nI. 1798, General James Jackson was elected governor. Ten\\nyears before this he had been offered this high position,\\nbut declined upon the\\nplea of his youth.\\n1799, the state Legis-\\nlature met at Louisville\\nin Jefferson County.\\nTwenty-five senators\\nand seventy representa-\\ntives, represented the\\ntwenty-four counties.\\nAn interesting part of\\ntheir work was the\\nadoption of a new great\\nseal of state the same\\nnow in use with\\nWisdom, Justice and Moderation upon its pillars. The\\njudiciary system was revised. General elections were to", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0070.jp2"}, "71": {"fulltext": "GREAT SEAL OF STATE ADOPTED.\\n49\\nbe held first Monday in October and members of Congress\\nelected, every two years.\\n2. The death of George Washington, December 14, 1799,\\ncaused much grief in all the states. General Clarke died\\nthe same month, and Georgia had a double sorrow. John\\nAdams was now President and the people were divided\\ninto two parties. This was caused by a difference of opinion\\nas to the Constitution of the United States. John Adams led\\nthe Federalists and Thomas Jefferson the Republicans. In\\n1800, when the new election was held, Georgia voted for\\nJefferson, who was elected.\\n3. 1 80 1, Josiah Tatnall was made governor of Georgia. The\\nstate university, called Franklin College, was now opened,\\nProfessor Josiah Meigs of Yale College was made president.\\n1802, John Milledge was made gov-\\nernor. He gave 700 acres of land in\\nJackson County to the state university.\\nSome of this land was sold and Athens\\nbuilt upon it.\\nQuestions concerning the Mississippi\\nterritory had long agitated the public\\nmind. Commissioners were appointed\\nby the state and the United States to\\nadjust these matters, and upon their ac-\\ntion Georgia ceded to the United States\\nall her territory south of Tennessee\\nand west of the Chattahoocha up to the e ge.\\ngreat bend, thence west of a line to Nickajack Creek. For\\nthis territory the United States were to pay $1,250,000, and\\nextinguish the Indian title to lands in Georgia as soon as\\nit could be peaceably done. Georgia s population was now\\n165,000. Among her exports were rice, indigo, tobacco, corn,\\ncotton, leather, live stock and lumber.\\n4. During this year, Colonel Benjamin Hawkins, who was\\nagent for Indian affairs, arranged a treaty at Fort Wilkinson", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0071.jp2"}, "72": {"fulltext": "50 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nand negotiated a sale of lands from the Creeks to Georgia.\\n1803, Legislature divided the lands obtained from the Creeks\\ninto three counties: Wayne, Wilkinson and Baldwin. There\\nwere two systems of dividing the lands among the people, the\\nland lottery and the head-rights system. By the latter any\\ncitizen was allowed to select and occupy a small body of\\nunoccupied land. By the former a regular system of land\\ntickets and blanks were drawn for.\\n5. An act was also passed by Legislature to provide a\\nsuitable spot for a new town, destined to be the capital of the\\nstate and to be called Milledgeville in honor of John Milledge,\\ngovernor.\\n6. Georgia gave to the United States five acres of land at\\nSt. Simons for the erection of a light-house. Savannah, Bruns-\\nwick, Darien and St. Mary s were the principal ports. 1805,\\nGeneral James Jackson, who was then senator from Georgia,\\ndied in Washington. On his tomb in the Congressional bury-\\ning-ground at Washington is the following inscription To\\nthe memory of Major-General Jackson of Georgia, who deserved\\nand enjoyed the confidence of a grateful country. A soldier of\\nthe revolution.\\n7. 1806, Jared Irwin was elected governor. William H.\\nCrawford and John Milledge were senators. 1807, Telfair,\\nwho had twice been governor of Georgia, died. Georgia,\\nduring this year, determined to settle the long-disputed bound-\\nary line between Georgia and North Carolina. Three thousand\\ndollars was appropriated. North Carolina refused to assist in\\nthe survey. So Congress appointed United States commis-\\nsioners, and Endicott of Georgia marked out the line. More\\nland was purchased from the Indians and the counties of\\nMorgan, Jones, Putnam, Laurens and Telfair were added to\\nthe state. Legislature held its first meeting in the new capitol\\nat Milledgeville this year.\\n8. 1808, James Madison was elected President. The African\\nslave trade was prohibited in the United States. 1809, David", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0072.jp2"}, "73": {"fulltext": "GREAT SEAL OF STATE ADOPTED. 5 I\\nB. Mitchell was in the office of governor. Legislature passed\\nan act to clear the Savannah, Broad, Oconee and Ogeechee\\nRivers. There were no steamboats yet in Georgia, and nearly\\nall the trade was done by small boats. 1810, the Bank of\\nAugusta was incorporated. This was the first bank in Georgia,\\n9. 18 1 2, the United States was forced to take part in the\\nEnglish and French war. Both of these countries had\\nthreatened to capture American vessels. The arrogance of\\nEngland was especially insulting. In 1807, a British man-of-\\nwar fired upon the Chesapeake, killed three men, captured the\\nvessel and pressed certain sailors into their service.\\n10. War was felt to be imminent, and Georgia declared\\nherself strong in independence. By an act of Congress all\\ncommerce between the United States and England and France\\nwas prohibited. In 1809, England determined to force a\\ncotton trade with South Carolina and Georgia, and several\\nBritish vessels anchored off Tybee Island. When their purpose\\nwas known they were ordered off. Before putting to sea they\\nfired upon the American vessels in harbor. To make matters\\nworse, the Indians in the northwest, under the influence of\\ntheir British agents, became hostile, and made raids upon the\\nsettlers. Many other insults committed by the British deter-\\nmined the United States upon a declaration of war. 18 12,\\nthe second war for independence began.\\nQuestions. i. Who was governor in 179S? When did the legis-\\nlature meet? What was their work? 2. What deaths are spoken of?\\nHow were the people divided 3. Who was next governor What\\nuniversity was opened When was Milledge made governor and what did\\nhe do for the-state university? Tell of the Mississippi territory. What\\ndid the United States agree to pay for this territory? What of Georgia s\\npopulation and exports 4. What treaty was made and by whom How\\nwas the land divided 5. What act was passed 6. W^hat did Georgia\\ngive the United States? What were Georgia s principal ports? Tell of\\nGeneral James Jackson s death, 7. Who was next governor and when\\nelected? Who were the Senators? What was done in 1807? What\\ncounties were added to the state 8. What of affairs in the United", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0073.jp2"}, "74": {"fulltext": "52 THE IIISTORV OF (iEORGIA.\\nStates? What act was passed? What was clone in iSio? 9. 1812, what\\nwas the United States forced to do? 10. What stand did Georgia take?\\nWhat causes brought about the war? What of the Indians? When did\\nthe second war for independence begin\\nCHAPTER XVII.\\nWAR OF I 81 2.\\n1. The Legislature of Georgia appropriated $30,000 for the\\nequipment of troops and protection. Governor Mitchell was\\nappointed by the President to settle the difficulties arising from\\nthe Indians. The Seminole Indians in East Florida, urged by\\nthe Spanish and British, commenced hostilities upon Georgia.\\nAdjutant-General Newman planned an expedition against\\nthem. Many volunteers came forward and the war began.\\nAfter hard fighting and many hardships endured by the\\nsoldiers in the forests, these Indians were subdued.\\n2. The Creek Indians on the Southern frontier, influenced\\nby the Spanish and British, now commenced hostilities.\\nGovernor Mitchell, for better protection, erected ten forts in\\nTwiggs, Telfair and Pulaski counties. They were hardly\\nfinished when 700 Creeks surprised Fort Mims and massacred\\n300 men, women and children. The troops of Georgia and\\nTennessee were ordered out, and General John Floyd put in\\ncommand. He divided his men, and attacking the two\\nprincipal towns of the Creeks at the same time, drove the\\nIndians from their towns and burned their homes. This was\\non November 29, 1813. Floyd now returned to the forts.\\nNo other assault was made until 18 14. The Upper Creeks\\nhad gathered in great numbers at Hotle Craulee. Floyd\\nattacked this place, and the battle of Challibbee was fought,\\nin which the whites were victorious.\\n3. The Creeks were now desirous of peace, and a treaty\\nwas made August 9, 18 14. The Indians ceded an immense", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0074.jp2"}, "75": {"fulltext": "WAR OF I 8 12, 53\\ntract of land, and the counties of Early, Baker, Irwin, Appling\\nand Ware, were added to Georgia.\\n4. The war with the British still continued in the United\\nStates. The last battle was fought in Georgia, January 11,\\n18 1 5. Nineteen vessels of the British landed their men on\\nCumberland. They were met in a narrow defile by Captain\\nMessias and a few men and driven back. Before the battle\\nwas renewed the news of the treaty of peace between the two\\ncountries, which was signed at Paris, reached them, and the\\nBritish departed these coasts.\\n5. 18 1 4, Samuel Howard succeeded in placing steam\\nnavigation on the rivers of Georgia. 18 15, David B. Mitchell\\nwas elected governor. 1816, an act for the maintenance and\\nprotection of aged slaves passed the Legislature. Also an act\\nto care for the convicts. This was called the penal act. A\\npart of this code prohibited the introduction of slaves by\\ntraders for speculation.\\n6. Out of the land Georgia had ceded to the United States\\ntwo new states had been formed, and in 18 17 Mississippi\\njoined the Union. Alabama came in two years later. Governor\\nMitchell was now appointed by the new President, James\\nMonroe, as agent for Indian affairs in the South. He resigned\\nthe governorship and William Rabun filled his place and in\\ndue time was elected governor. Mitchell soon acquired a\\nwonderful influence over the Creeks and gained a cession\\nof more land. This was divided into the counties of Newton,\\nDeKalb, Gwinnett, Walton, Hall and Habersham. Governor\\nRabun spent the money in the treasury for the improvement of\\nnavigation of rivers and to promote education and free schools.\\n7. The Seminoles on the frontier now began hostilities\\nagain. Governor Rabun sent to the war department for aid.\\nMajor-General Gaines was put in command and his troops\\nwere joined at Fort Montgomery by 600 Creek warriors.\\nThree battles were fought and the Indian war was over and\\nthe Indians driven away. 18 18, the boundary line between", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0075.jp2"}, "76": {"fulltext": "54 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nGeorgia and Tennessee was drawn by commissioners. The\\nchiefs of some of the Cherokee nations held a conference with\\nthe Indian agent of the United States to arrange for an\\nexchange of their lands in Georgia for lands beyond the\\nMississippi, so they might have more room.\\n8. In this year a Savannah company had a ship built in New\\nYork called the Strranuah. This ship left the port of Savannah\\nfor England, and was the tirst steamer to cross the Atlantic.\\n1819, Florida and all the lands owned by the Spanish were\\nceded to the United States. And so Georgia was protected\\nfrom her foes. Another treaty between the Cherokees and the\\nUnited States was made, and the lands gained by Georgia were\\ndivided between Habersham and Hall Counties and Rabun\\nCounty was added to the state.\\nQuestions. i. What did legislature do? Who was appointed\\nto manage the Indians What of the Seminoles Who was to go\\nagainst them? What success did he have? 2. What of the Creek\\nIndians? What did Governor Mitchell do for protection? What of\\nthe first attack of the Indians How were they subdued What of\\nthe upper Creeks What battle was fought 3. What treaty was made\\nWhat did the Indians cede? 7. What war continued? When and where\\nwas the last battle 8. What was done in 1814 Who was next governor?\\nWhat acts were passed What was prohibited 9. What two states were\\nformed Who was made agent for Indian affairs Who was governor\\nin his stead? What- influence did he have over the Indians? What\\ncounties were added to Georgia? 10. Tell of the Seminoles. What did\\nGovernor Rabun do? What battles fought? What of importance in\\n1818? II. What of a Savannah company What lands were ceded in\\n18 19, and how were these lands divided\\nCHAPTER XVni.\\nADMINISTRATIONS OF CLARKE, TROUP, AND GILMER.\\nI. 18 19, there was a hot canvass and fight for the next\\ngovernor. Politics was divided and two parties were formed,", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0076.jp2"}, "77": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF CLARKE, TROUP, AND GILMER. 55\\none led by George M. Troup and the other by General John\\nClarke. The excitement was great, and the contest close, but\\nClarke was finally elected, though much feeling continued\\nthrough the administration. Savannah suffered much from a\\nlung fever and a yellow-fever scourge.\\n2. Georgia continued to urge the United States to send the\\nCreeks and the remaining tribes of Cherokees out of her\\nborders, and expressed indignation at the postponement of the\\npromise to provide for the Indians elsewhere. The government\\nthus urged, began to settle the claims between Georgia and the\\nIndians. The lands owned by the Creeks and the Cherokees\\nwere mostly upon the Chattahoochee River, and the commis-\\nsioners of the United States held a meeting to induce the\\nIndians to cede more of these lands to Georgia. This meeting\\nwas a failure, as the Indians became suspicious that the whites\\nwere trying to drive them from their homes.\\n3. Another election for governor was held November 6,\\n1823. The excitement was intense between the two parties,\\nwhich were led by Troup and Matthew Talbot. The ballot\\nresulted in the election of Troup.\\nGeorge M. Troup was born at Mcin-\\ntosh Bluff, Ga., graduated at Prince-\\nton, adopted the profession of law,\\nand at the age of twenty-one was\\nsent to the Legislature from Chatham\\nCounty. He was chosen to Congress\\nin 1806 as a Jeffersonian Democrat,\\nand held his seat until 18 15. 18 16,\\nhe became United States senator. In\\n1823, governor of Georgia. He was\\nreturned to the Senate in 1828, but\\nsoon retired on account of ill health. ^^\u00c2\u00b0^P\\nTroup was one of the grandest men Georgia has ever produced.\\nHis integrity was unquestionable, and he was a strong advocate\\nof state rights.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0077.jp2"}, "78": {"fulltext": "56\\nTHK HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n4. October, 1825, Troup was re-elected governor of Georgia.\\nDuring his admniistration he worked much good for Georgia.\\nThe judiciary system and the penitentiary arrangement were\\nrevised and the militia improved. But his greatest work was\\nwith the Indians. Notwithstanding the violent opposition of\\nthe President, he concluded the treaty with the Creek Indians\\nand secured all their lands in the state of Georgia. He also\\nurged the necessity of a fixed and certain boundary line between\\nGeorgia and Alabama. Georgia commissioners did the work\\nand the line was finally adopted by Alabama.\\n5. The lands gained\\nby the last treaty with\\nthe Indians were divid-\\ned into the counties\\nof Muscogee, Troup,\\nCoweta and Carroll.\\n6. Governor Troup\\ndeclined to be a can-\\ndidate for re-election.\\n1827, John Forsyth was\\nmade governor without\\nopposition. Forsyth\\nwas born in Virginia,\\n1 78 1, and was brought\\nto Georgia at the age\\nof four years. He was\\nelected attorney-general\\nin 1804, sent to Con-\\ngress in I 8 I 2, was\\nUnited States senator\\nin 1 8 18, was sent as\\nminister to Spain in 1820, was elected governor of Georgia in\\n1827, and afterwards was made Secretary of State under\\nPresidents Jackson and Van Buren.\\n7. The next governor of Georgia was George R. (}ilmer,", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0078.jp2"}, "79": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF CLARKE, TROUP, AND GILMER. 5/\\nwho was elected in 1829. Gilmer was born in Wilkes County,\\n1790. He early began the practice of law, was made\\nlieutenant in the 43d U. S. Infantry and served against the\\nCreeks, 18 15. Served in the Legislature; was sent to Con-\\ngress as a Democrat, 18 18, and again in 1827, and was then\\nmade governor of Georgia.\\n8. 1829, Congress passed an act for the removal of the\\nremaining Indians from Georgia. The Cherokee tribes refused\\nto leave, and continued to commit many criminal outrages.\\nSo Georgia was compelled to claim jurisdiction over all the\\nlands in order to exert some control over the Indians who\\ndwelt upon them. George Tassel, a Cherokee, was arrested\\ncharged with murder. He was tried, found guilty and sen-\\ntenced to be hung. His counsel appealed to the Supreme\\nCourt of the United States, and Governor Gilmer was sum-\\nmoned to appear before that court. This he refused to\\ndo, and ordered Tassel to be executed. This order was\\nobeyed.\\n9. In 1828 gold was discovered in Habersham, Hall and\\nCherokee Counties. The mining fever captured the state.\\nThe diggers, disregarding the laws, crossed the Chattahoochee\\nand began mining on the Indian territory. This caused much\\nstrife and Governor Gilmer found it necessary to use force to\\nstop the trouble. Major Wayne was put in command of a\\ncompany of infantry, and succeeded in quelling the riot. He\\nseized the miners and put them in confinement until they\\npromised obedience to the laws. The General Assembly now\\npassed a law that all white men found living on the Cherokee\\nlands without proper permission, should be imprisoned for four\\nyears. Several men determined to disregard this law. They\\ncalled themselves missionaries, and fixed their homes on the\\nCherokee lands. They were seized, tried and imprisoned, and\\nat once engaged counsel and brought suit against Georgia.\\nBefore the case could be brought to an end the missionaries\\nwrote a letter to Governor Gilmer acknowledging the authority", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0079.jp2"}, "80": {"fulltext": "58 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nof Georgia and desiring to be released. The governor ordered\\ntheir release.\\nlo, 1830, the medical college at Augusta was chartered.\\nWilson Lumpkin was elected governor in 183 1. He was\\nbrought to this state from Virginia in 1784, being then one\\nyear of age. He served the state often and well, and was the\\nsurveyor of the boundary line between Georgia and Florida.\\nDuring his administration he recommended the surveying of\\nthe Cherokee lands. This excited great opposition among the\\nIndians, but the survey was completed.\\nQuestions. i. What of the next election? 2. What did Georgia\\nwish done Did the government do this? What meeting was held\\nand with what success? 3. Tell of the next election for Governor.\\nWhat of Troup 4. Tell of his two administrations. What was his\\ngreatest work What law was made 5. WTiat land was divided 6. Who\\nwas next governor, and when elected Tell of Forsyth s successful\\nlife. 7. What of George R. Gilmer? 8. What act was passed in 1829?\\nWhat of the Cherokees? WHiat did Georgia do? 9. What excitement\\nin 1828? What of Major Wayne? What law was passed by General\\nAssembly? Tell of the so-called missionaries. 10. WHiere and when\\nwas a medical college chartered? Tell of the next governor and his\\nadministration.\\nCHAPTER XIX.\\nADMINISTRATIONS OF LUMPKIN, SCHLEY, AND GILMER.\\nI. The tariff question was now the cause of much excitement\\nin the Union. Congress had imposed duties upon certain\\nimports and exports. Georgia and other Southern States\\nresolutely opposed these duties. Legislature met and a reso-\\nlution was passed, that some measures should be devised to\\nredress the grievances of the South, and a set of resolutions\\nagainst the tariff bill was framed. South Carolina had resolved\\nto withdraw from the Union unless the protective policy was\\nabandoned soon. Henry Clay of Kentucky, proposed a com-", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0080.jp2"}, "81": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF LUMPKIN, SCHLEY, AND GILMER. 59\\npromise to Congress. This was adopted and the oppressive\\ntariff was removed.\\n2. 1833, Governor Lumpkin was again elected governor.\\nThe two political parties in Georgia now styled themselves the\\nStates Rights party and the Union party. Their differences\\nwere chiefly upon states rights. The Cherokee Indians became\\nso troublesome that Governor Lumpkin found it necessary to\\nput more troops along the borders.\\n3. February, 1835, the Cherokee nation sent two men to\\nWashington for the purpose of forming a treaty. One deputy\\nwas John Ross, who was opposed to emigration. The other\\nwas John Ridge, in favor of it. Ross, in behalf of his party,\\noffered to cede lands in Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee to\\nthe United States for the sum of $20,000,000. The govern-\\nment refused this offer and appointed Mr. Schermerhorn to\\nconfer with Ridge, and see what arrangement could be\\nmade. A compromise was finally effected with Ridge s party,\\nand, after violent opposition, accepted by Ross and his party.\\n4. The principal points of this treaty were as follows: the\\nCherokees were to relinquish all claim to lands east of the\\nMississippi. In return they were to receive 7,000,000 acres\\nwest of the Mississippi. The government was to remove them\\nto their new homes and support them for one year, and give\\n$100,000 yearly for the poor of the nation. The Indians were\\nalso promised the protection of the United States. They were\\nnot to leave Georgia before two years had passed.\\n5. 1835, t^^^ Union party elected William Schley as governor.\\nHe came to Georgia from Maryland, was admitted to the bar\\nand became a successful lawyer. Soon after his election the\\nSeminole Indians in Florida declared war, because the govern-\\nment had endeavored to move them west of the Mississippi.\\nWiley Thompson, who was then United States agent for the\\ntribe. Major Dale and ninety men were murdered.\\n6. General Winfield Scott and his men marched against the\\nIndians and the strife lasted for months. The Creeks hearino;", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0081.jp2"}, "82": {"fulltext": "6o THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nof this outbreak made war again upon Georgia. They gathered\\nin great numbers and committed terrible murders on the\\nborder settlements. The people tied their homes and flocked\\nto the adjacent towns for protection. Governor Schley\\ntook the command of troops, and establishing his head-\\nquarters at Columbia, made every preparation to check\\nthe invasion. General Scott soon came to the rescue.\\nAfter several skirmishes many hundreds of the Creeks gave\\nthemselves up. These were sent west of the Mississippi\\nto Arkansas. The war still continued with the remaining\\ntribes. May, 1836, they attacked the small town of Roanoke,\\non the Chattahoochee River, and forcing the inhabitants to\\nretreat, burned the whole village, together with two boats, the\\nGeorgiana and the Hypernia, which were anchored near.\\nAfter many other horrible crimes they attempted to join the\\nSeminoles in Florida. The militia and a company of cavalry\\nmarched against them, and after two desperate battles they\\nwere defeated. The chiefs now were anxious for peace. As\\nsoon as possible they were sent to the Indian Territory and\\nthe state was freed of the Creeks.\\n7. 1836, a charter was obtained for the first railway in\\nGeorgia. This was to run from Macon to Savannah. The\\nLegislature this year also passed an act recommending\\nthat a state railroad be built with state funds. So a railroad\\nwas built from the Chattahoochee to the Tennessee, and called\\nthe State Road or Western and Atlantic. Its eastern terminus\\nwas subsequently fixed at Atlanta and its northwestern at\\nChattanooga. 1837, Emory College was founded at Oxford,\\nand named for Bishop Emory of the Methodist church.\\n8. October, 1837, George B. Gilmer was again elected\\ngovernor by the States Rights party. Wilson Lumpkin\\ndefeated Judge Berrien for the United States Senate. Georgia\\nnow proceeded to take possession of the lands gained by the\\ntreaty with the Cherokees two years before. General Scott\\nwas put in command of the troops. The Indians were collected.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0082.jp2"}, "83": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF LUMPKIN, SCHLEY, AND GILMER. 6 1\\n1560 marched to Ross Landing on the Tennessee River, and\\nthese were put in charge of other troops and Georgia s men\\ndismissed. The Indians from other points had collected, and\\nin September, 1838, 14,000 started to their territory. They\\nwere well fed and protected, but nearly 4000 died before the\\nend of the journey.\\n9. 1838, Mercer University secured a charter and was\\nfounded at Penfield, by the Baptists, but was afterwards\\nmoved to Macon. 1839, the first\\nfemale college was founded in Macon\\nand called the Georgia Female College.\\nIts name was afterwards changed to\\nWesleyan College. Bishop Pierce was\\nmade the first president. This college\\nis said to be the first chartered female\\ncollege in the world.\\n10. 1839, Charles McDonald was\\nelected governor by the Union party.\\nHe was born in South Carolina and\\ncame to this state to practice law, and\\nwas elected judge of the Fhnt circuit.\\n1830, he represented Bibb County in the Legislature. Then\\nwas state senator and now became governor of Georgia.\\nQuestions. i. What excited the union? What resolution was\\npassed? What did Congress finally do? 2. Who was made governor in\\n1S33, and what two political parties were there? What of the Indians?\\n3. Tell of the Cherokees. 4. What were the principal points of this treaty?\\n5. Who was next governor? What trouble with the Indians? Who was\\nIndian agent, and what was his fate. 6. Who marched against the Indians,\\nand how long did the strife last What effect had this on the Creeks What\\nof Governor Schley? Who came to the rescue, and what was the result?\\nDid this end the war? Where were the Creeks sent? 7. What charter\\nwas obtained What act passed? What of Emory College? 8. Who\\nwas elected governor in 1837, and by what party? Who went to the\\nsenate? Tell of the departure of the Cherokees. 9. What year was\\nMercer University chartered When was the first female college chartered,\\nand what name does it now bear? What is said of the college? 10. Who\\nwas made governor, 1S39? Tell of his life.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0083.jp2"}, "84": {"fulltext": "62\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHAPTER XX.\\nMEXICAN WAR.\\n1. 1840, found the Union in a miserable condition. There\\nwas no money to be had and the credit of the state was ahnost\\ngone. The people were deeply in debt and the government\\nwas called upon to devise some means for relief. The\\nPresident called an extra session of Congress; and an act was\\npassed establishing what was called the Sub-Treasury system,\\nand $10,000,000 in treasury notes were issued. Georgia banks\\nstopped specie payments and the scarcity of money was very\\ngreat. Many necessaries of life rose in price and cotton was\\nsold for four cents a pound.\\n2. This stringency in money affairs did not affect the tide\\nof immigration into the state. The country which had been\\noccupied by the Cherokees now began to be settled. Many\\npeople from Virginia and Carolina moved here and new towns\\nwere started. The state had made\\ngreat progress in education. There\\nwere as many as 8000 children in\\nacademies, besides those at private\\nschools.\\n3. There was at this time 636 miles\\nof railroad, finished and unfinished, in\\nGeorgia. The population was 691,392.\\n4. The presidential election now\\ncaused great excitement in Georgia.\\nThe Union party called themselves\\nthe Democratic party, and supported\\nVan Buren. The States Rights party,\\ncalled the Whigs, were for Harrison. Harrison was elected,\\nbut died one month after he took the oath of office. Vice-\\nPresident John Tyler of Virginia, became President. John\\nMcPherson Berrien and Alfred Cuthbert were sent to the\\nUnited States Senate from Georgia.\\nJohn McPherson Berrien.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0084.jp2"}, "85": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0085.jp2"}, "86": {"fulltext": "ROBERT TOOMBS", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0086.jp2"}, "87": {"fulltext": "MEXICAN WAR.\\n65\\n5. 1 84 1, McDonald was re-elected governor. He was chiefly\\noccupied with measures for the financial relief of the people.\\nA new bank was established in Savannah, called the Central\\nBank, and many of the banks in the state resumed specie\\npayments. The governor declared against any increase of\\ntaxation and borrowed from the Central Bank to meet the\\npublic debt.\\n6. Legislature passed an act for establishing a lunatic\\nasylum. In 1842 this asylum, at Milledgeville, received its\\nfirst patient. Both white and colored were admitted. During\\nthis year Dr. Crawford Long, a Georgian, discovered the\\nanesthetic power of ether. He was duly honored and\\nhis portrait placed on the walls of the House of Representa-\\ntives.\\n7. 1843, the Whigs urged the election of George W. Crawford\\nfor governor. The Democrats nominated Mark A. Cooper.\\nCrawford was elected. He was a bril-\\nliant lawyer and served the state well.\\nHis administration greatly improved\\nmoney affairs in the state. Legis-\\nlature this year passed a bill reducing\\nthe number of senators to 47 and the\\nrepresentatives to 130.\\n8. Georgia sent to Congress King,\\nPoe, Stephens and Toombs as Whigs\\nJones, Harralson, Lumpkin and Cobb\\nas Democrats. Henry Clay was the\\nWhig nominee for President and was\\ndefeated by James K. Polk. Georgia\\ngave Polk a large majority. 1845,\\nGovernor Crawford was re-elected. During his term the\\nSupreme Court was established and the Legislature elected\\nJoseph Henry Lumpkin chief-justice.\\n9. Lumpkin was born in Oglethorpe County, December 28,\\n1799. ^6 soon became one of the foremost men of the times.\\nGeorge W. Crawford", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0087.jp2"}, "88": {"fulltext": "66\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nJoseph Henry Lumpkin.\\nadministration began with\\nbrought on the Mexican\\nwar. Troops were call 1\\nfor and Georgia sent\\na large force. Jud:\\nHenry R. Jackson w\\nchosen colonel of t\\ncompanies from differe\\nparts of the state. He\\nonce proceeded to Mexi\\nand nobly upheld tl\\nhonor of Georgia. A co\\npany of regulars und\\nCaptain Alexander Sc(\\nwent from Bibb County\\nII. In 1847 requ(\\nwas made for a battalli\\nof infantry and they we\\nout under the comma I\\nof Lieutenant- Colonel\\nIsaac Seymour, also two\\nHis intellect was of the highest\\norder, he had much learning and\\nwas extremely cultivated. Added\\nto this his genial nature and sweet\\ndisposition made him loved and\\nhonored by all. Eugenius A. Nis-\\nbet and Hiram Warner were chosen\\nassociate justices.\\n10. Great excitement was felt\\nin the state over the question of\\nthe annexation of Texas to the\\nUnited States. Georgia was in\\nfavor of the annexation and Polk s\\nthe admission of Texas. This\\nHenry R. Jackson.\\nbattallions under Captain Loyall and Lieutenant-Colonel", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0088.jp2"}, "89": {"fulltext": "MEXICAN WAR. 6/\\nCalhoun. Volunteer corps went from all parts of Georgia\\nand fought nobly.\\n12. Colonel James Mcintosh was killed in this war. Captain\\nHardee, General William Walker and Lieutenant Gardener\\ngreatly distinguished themselves and received each a handsome\\nsword from the state of Georgia. Many more Georgians won\\nhonor and praise. This war with Mexico ended in 1848, and\\nby the treaty of peace the United States gained the territory of\\nCalifornia, Utah, New Mexico and Texas.\\n13. 1847, the Whigs nominated Duncan L. Clinch for gov-\\nernor the Democrats nominated George W. Towns. Towns\\nwas elected. He was a Georgian from Wilkes County had\\nbeen representative from his district, and once been to\\nCongress. William C. Dawson was elected United States\\nsenator for six years.\\n14. Legislature passed an act exempting women from im-\\nprisonment for debt. The railroad system received much\\nattention and several new roads were built. The Western and\\nAtlantic road was now nearly completed to Chattanooga.\\nZachary Taylor, the Whig candidate, was elected President,\\nwith Millard Fillmore Vice-President. President Taylor ap-\\npointed George W. Crawford of Georgia, Secretary of War.\\n1849, Governor Towns was again made governor.\\nQuestions. i. In what condition was the Union in 1840? What\\nof the Cherokee lands in Georgia? How many children were at school\\n3. What of the railroads? What was Georgia s population? 4. What\\nwas the cause of great excitement? Tell of the Democrats and Whigs.\\nWho was sent to the Senate from Georgia? 5. When was McDonald\\nre-elected? What chiefly occupied him 6. What act was passed? Who\\nwere admitted to this asylum? Who made an important discovery this\\nyear 7. What of the next election for governor What is said of Craw-\\nford 8. Whom did Georgia send to Congress? Tell of the Presidential\\nelection. What of Crawford s re-election 9. What is said of Lumpkin\\nWho were his associates? 10. What interested the state now? What\\npart did Georgia take in the Indian war? 11. What request was granted\\nin 1847 12. Who was killed and who distinguished in this war? 13. Tell", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0089.jp2"}, "90": {"fulltext": "68 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nof the next election for governor. What of Towns Who was made\\nsenator. 14. What act was passed by legislature? What of the rail-\\nroads. Who was made President, and who appointed Secretary of War.?\\nWhen was Governor Towns elected.\\nCHAPTER XXI.\\nADMINISTRATIONS OF COBB AND JOHNSON.\\nT. The slavery question was at this time beginning to attract\\nmuch attention, and was rapidly assuming an alarming phase.\\nThe Northern people were growing more and more active in\\ntheir opposition to slavery, and a majority of their representa-\\ntives in Congress were more uncompromising in their demands\\nupon the Southern people. The question at issue at this time\\nwas whether slavery should be permitted in the new states and\\nterritories of the West, and many Northern congressmen went\\nso far as to say new states should not be admitted to the Union\\nunless their constitution prohibited slavery. This question\\nwas one of the main causes of the war between the states that\\nbegan in 1861 and terminated so disastrously for the South.\\n2. At this time (1849-50) Howell Cobb of Georgia was\\nspeaker of the National House of Representatives, and used\\nhis efforts and influence, along with Henry Clay, John C.\\nCalhoun, Alexander H. Stephens, Robert Toombs, and other\\nnotable men, to make a peaceful settlement of the question\\npertaining to slavery, and to preserve the union of states as it\\nthen existed.\\n3. In July, 1850, President Taylor died, and the Vice-Presi-\\ndent, Millard Fillmore, succeeded to the office of President of\\nthe United States. In the same year Henry Clay introduced in\\nCongress a bill known as the Omnibus Bill, and its several\\nmeasures were enacted. It admitted California as a free state\\nit abolished slavery in the District of Columbia it provided", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0090.jp2"}, "91": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF COBB AND JOHNSON.\\n69\\nfor the passage of a law for the arrest and return to their\\nowners of fugitive slaves; and ordered that $10,000,000 be\\npaid to Texas for the territory of New Mexico.\\n4. The Georgia congressmen supported this bill, as it was\\nthe best that could be done. But there were many people in\\nGeorgia who were opposed to such a compromise, and the re-\\nsult was a general chang-\\ning of political parties and\\nthe formation of two new\\npolitical parties in the\\nstate, one called the Union\\nparty, under the leader-\\nship of Howell Cobb the\\nother, the Southern Rights\\nparty, led by Charles J.\\nMcDonald. Governor\\nTowns called a state con-\\nvention, which was held\\nin December, 1850. This\\nconvention adopted reso-\\nlutions prepared by a com-\\nmittee of which Charles J.\\nJenkins was chairman,\\nwhich were afterwards\\nknown as the Georgia\\nplatform. This platform\\nexpressed Georgia s love\\nfor the Union, regret for the slavery agitation, insisted on\\nmaintaining the separate rights of the State, and agreed to\\naccept the Omnibus Bill as a compromise of the question\\nin dispute.\\n5. In 185 1 Howell Cobb was nominated for governor by\\nthe Union party. He was opposed by Charles J. McDonald,\\nthe candidate of the Southern Rights party. Cobb was elected\\nby a large majority. The people of Georgia then believed that\\nHoweil Cobb.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0091.jp2"}, "92": {"fulltext": "70\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nthe slavery trouble would be settled, and they were unwilling\\nto use extreme measures in politics, or even to vote for any\\ncandidate who was in favor of the state s leaving the Union.\\nSecession was at this time regarded as a remote possibility,\\nand a dangerous step for the state.\\n6. Howell Cobb was born in Jefferson county, Georgia,\\nSeptember 7, 18 15. His father was John Cobb of North\\nCarolina. He graduated at the state university, in Athens,\\nbegan the practice of law in 1836, was elected to Congress in\\n1842, and served four terms in all. In 1850 he was elected\\nspeaker of the National House of Representatives, and in\\n1857 was appointed Secretary of the Treasury, by Buchanan.\\nHe was a strong Union man until Lincoln s election, and when\\nhis native state seceded he promptly enlisted in the confederate\\nservice, served through the war and died in New York city,\\nOctober 9, 1868. He was one of the most notable men that\\never lived in the state, an orator, a statesman and a Christian\\ngentleman. He served as governor only one term of two years.\\nThe Georgia Academy for the Blind\\nwas founded during Governor Cobb s\\nadministration.\\n7. In 1853, the politics of the\\nstate had so changed that the Demo-\\ncratic party, which had been in the\\nbackground for several years, was\\nreorganized, and put forward Herschel\\nV. Johnson as their candidate for\\ngovernor. Charles J. Jenkins was\\nhis opponent, but Mr Johnson was\\nelected. He was born in Burke\\ncounty, Georgia, September 12, 18 12.\\nHe graduated at the Georgia University, and began the practice\\nof law in Augusta. In 1847, he was appointed United States\\nsenator, to fill the unexpired term of Walter T. Colquitt. In\\n1849, he was elected judge of the Superior Courts of the\\nOcmulgee Circuit, and rose rapidly into the favor of the public.\\nHerschel V. Johnson.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0092.jp2"}, "93": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATIONS OF COBB AND JOHNSON. /I\\n8. 1855, Governor Johnson was again nominated and elected\\ngovernor. His opponent was Garrett Andrews. During\\nGovernor Johnson s administration more political changes\\nwere taking place in the state. The old Whig party had been\\npractically dissolved, and most of the Whigs had allied them-\\nselves with the Southern Rights party and the Union party.\\nThen a new party, called the American party, had sprung up,\\nand nominated Garrett Andrews for governor, but as already\\nstated, he was defeated by Governor Johnson. This American\\nparty favored the exclusion of persons foreign born holding\\npolitical ofifice.\\n9. After the expiration of Governor Johnson s second term,\\nhe was, in i860, nominated for the Vice-Presidency on the\\nticket with Douglas. He was a member of the Confederate\\nSenate, and after the war was over was chosen as United\\nStates senator, but was unable to serve on account of his\\npolitical disabilities. These being removed he was appointed a\\ncircuit judge, which position he filled with great ability until his\\ndeath, which occurred in Jefferson County, Georgia, August 16,\\n1880.\\n10. The state was generally prosperous during Governor\\nJohnson s terms of office, and much progress was made in\\nwealth and population. But the slavery question was still\\nbeing agitated by the northern people and the cloud was slowly\\nbut surely growing larger and more threatening. All classes\\nof northern, men who were opposed to slavery combined and\\nheld a convention in Philadelphia, in June, 1856, and organized\\nthe Republican party. They declared themselves as opposed\\nto slavery in any of the territories, and nominated John C.\\nFremont for President. The American party nominated\\nMillard Fillmore. The Democrats nominated James Buchanan,\\nwho was elected. But the anti-slavery party was growing\\nstronger and stronger.\\nQuestions. i. What was now attracting great attention? What is\\nsaid of the Northern people? What was the question now at issue?\\nWhat is said of the main cause of war? 2. What is said of notable men", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0093.jp2"}, "94": {"fulltext": "72\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nof Georgia? 3. Who was made President? What bill was introduced\\nin Congress? 4. How did Georgia receive this bill? What two parties\\nwere formed What convention was called, who was chairman, and what\\nresolutions were passed? 5. Tell of the election of 1851. What did the\\npeople of Georgia believe What of secession 6. Tell of Howell Cobb.\\n7. What is said of the politics of the state, and who was elected governor?\\nWhat is said of Johnson 8. What is said of Johnson s second adminis-\\ntration? 9. What other offices did he hold? 10. What was the progress\\nof the state under Johnson What is said of the slavery question When\\nwas the Republican party formed What of the presidential election\\nCHAPTER XXII.\\nADMINISTRATION OF BROWN.\\nI. In 1857 there were five candidates before the Georgia\\nDemocratic convention for the nomination for governor. They\\nwere James Gardner, John H. Lumpkin, Hiram Warner,\\nHenry Lamar and William\\nwmr\\nH. Stiles. The balloting\\ncontinued three days, but\\nthough Lumpkin was in\\nthe lead he could not ob-\\ntain the two-thirds vote\\nthat was necessary to\\nnominate him. Finally, a\\ncommittee of three men\\nfrom each district was ap-\\nl) )inted to make a nomi-\\nn Ltion. This committee\\n^reed upon Joseph E.\\nr rown, as a compromise\\nI mdidate, and he was\\nII )minated by the conven-\\ntion. The American party\\ndso held a convention,\\nand Dr. H. V. M. Miller\\nBenjamin H. Hill.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0094.jp2"}, "95": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0095.jp2"}, "96": {"fulltext": "JOSEPH E. BROWN.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0096.jp2"}, "97": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF BROWN, 75\\nand Benjamin H. Hill were candidates for nomination. Mr.\\nHill was nominated, and although the race between him and\\nBrown was exciting, Brown was elected governor by a large\\nmajority.\\n2. Governor Brown is one of the most remarkable men\\nthat ever lived in Georgia. He was born in Pickens County,\\nSouth Carolina, April 15, 182 1, and was the oldest of eleven\\nchildren. His parents were poor, and when Joseph was a\\nsmall boy they moved to Union County, Georgia. Joseph\\ngrew up without education, and the whole of his boyhood was\\npassed in a hard struggle against poverty, with no advantages\\nwhatever, and without any opportunity for seeing or learning\\nanything beyond the limits of his father s farm. But he was\\ndiligent and self-reliant, and in 1840 went to South Carolina to\\nschool, and paid his own board and tuition out of the little\\nmoney he had saved and the little he could make while he\\nwas going to school. He wasted no time, he improved every\\nopportunity, and with no help except his own pluck and a\\nbrave heart, has risen higher and higher, for he has been the\\nmost prominent man in the state, and filled every office that\\nthe state could give him. He is now (1893) seventy-two\\nyears old, and has retired from public life.\\n3. Governor Brown was admitted to the bar in 1845 ^^en\\nelected to the state Senate then Judge of the Superior Courts\\nof the Blue Ridge Circuit then governor. It is related that\\nthe nomination for governor was totally unexpected by him,\\nand that he was actually binding wheat in a field on his farm\\nwhen the news of his nomination was brought to him. He was\\nbut little known to the people of the state when nominated, but\\nduring the canvass he became well and widely known, and was\\nelected by a large majority.\\n4. Governor Brown s first term was marked by his fight\\nagainst the state banks, to compel them to pay out gold and\\nsilver instead of paper money. They resisted, but the governor\\nwas successful and carried his point. He also overhauled the", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0097.jp2"}, "98": {"fulltext": "76 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\naffairs of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, which was\\n(and is) the property of the state. Under bad management,\\nthe road was earning but little money, and there was much\\ncomplaint. During the first two years of Governor Brown s\\nadministration the revenues of the road paid into the state\\ntreasury increased from $43,000 to $400,000 a year.\\n5. In 1857 Robert Toombs was re-elected United States\\nsenator. In 1859 Warren Akin, of Cass (now Bartow) County,\\nopposed Governor Brown for the office of governor, but Brown\\nwas again elected by a large majority.\\n6. The next presidental election was drawing near. The\\nagitation and excitement over the slavery question was rapidly\\nincreasing. The northern people and their newspapers began\\nto openly demand the abolition of slavery. The Republican\\nparty had grown in numbers and influence until it was clearly\\nevident that the battle would be between the Democrats and\\nRepublicans. Just at this time unfortunate divisions began to\\nappear in the Democratic party in Georgia. The National\\nDemocratic Convention was to be held in Charleston, South\\nCarolina, on April 6, i860, to nominate a candidate for\\nPresident.\\n7. The Georgia Democrats split into two factions. One\\nfaction wanted Howell Cobb as its candidate for President;\\nthe other expressed no choice, but consented to accept the\\ndelegates that had been named by the Cobb party. Mr.\\nCobb, however, had declined to permit his name to go before\\nthe convention as a candidate for the nomination for the\\nPresidency. Wjien the convention met in Charleston, there\\nwere so many conflicting interests and opinions that the\\ncommittee appointed to prepare a platform of principles split\\ninto three factions and three reports were presented to the\\nconvention. The Northern delegates were in the majority,\\nand adopted resolutions that caused some of the Southern\\ndelegates to withdraw from the convention. The Georgia\\ndelegates were among those who withdrew.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0098.jp2"}, "99": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF BROWN. 77\\n8. These seceding delegates held a meeting and called\\nanother convention to meet in Richmond, Virginia, in June,\\ni860. The remaining members of the Charleston conven-\\ntion, being unable to agree among themselves, adjourned to\\nmeet in Baltimore in June, i860. The Republican party held\\ntheir convention in Chicago, and nominated Abraham Lincoln\\nfor President.\\n9. In the meantime the Democrats in Georgia were greatly\\ndivided and could not agree upon any unity of action. So\\nwhen the Baltimore convention met, there were two Georgia\\ndelegations, each claiming to be the proper one. There was\\nso much contention and confusion that the delegates from\\nKentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina and Oregon\\nwithdrew from the convention, but those who remained nom-\\ninated Stephen A. Douglass for President, and Herschel V.\\nJohnson for Vice-President.\\n10. The delegates who had seceded from the convention\\nthen held a meeting and nominated John C. Breckinridge\\nfor President and Joseph Lane for Vice-President. So the\\nDemocratic party was split into two parts, and went into the\\ncampaign with two candidates in the field. Then there was\\na party called the Constitutional Union party, which held a\\nconvention at Baltimore, and nominated John Bell for President\\nand Edward Everett for Vice-President. With four candidates\\nfor the presidency, and the northern states greatly outnum-\\nbering the south in population, the election of Lincoln was the\\ninevitable result.\\nQuestions. i. Tell of the nomination for governoi* in 1857. Who\\nwas elected? 2. What is said of Brown s career in race second.? 3. When\\ndid he secure his nomination 4. What marked Governor Brown s\\nfirst term. What of the state road.? 5. Who was made senator, and\\nwho re-elected governor.? 6. What was increasing What did the North-\\nern people demand What of the Democratic convention? 7. What is\\nsaid of Georgia Democrats? What did Cobb refuse? What is said of\\nthe Northern delegates? What of the Georgia delegates? 8. What did\\nthese delegates do? What of the Republican party? 9. What of the", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0099.jp2"}, "100": {"fulltext": "y^ THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nDemocrats in Georgia? What effect had the confusion? Who was nomi-\\nnated? lo. What did the delegates do who had seceded? What other\\nparty is spoken of? What was the result of the election?\\nCHAPTER XXIII.\\nWAR BETWEEN THE STATES.\\n1. The platform of the Republican party was ostensibly the\\npreservation of the Union, and the exclusion of slavery from\\nthe territories and new states; but there was a strong sentiment\\nin the north that slavery should be abolished, and it became\\nevident that the northern people were determined to carry out\\ntheir views, at any cost, even to war and bloodshed. The tide\\nof feeling was growing stronger every day. The southern\\nstates were greatly alarmed at the situation, and the only thing\\nthey could do was to withdraw or secede from the Union, in\\norder to manage their own affairs under their own laws. South\\nCarolina seceded first, December 20, i860.\\n2. Governor Brown had the Legislature call a convention to\\ndecide what was best for Georgia to do. This convention\\nassembled January 16, 1861, and was composed of the best\\nand ablest men in the state. Secession was bitterly opposed\\nby many of the best and most conservative statesmen among\\nthem Alexander Stephens, Herschel V. Johnson and Benjamin\\nHill. These men were firm in their convictions of the right to\\nsecede, but did not deem it the proper remedy. They desired\\na convention of all the southern states so as to take joint and\\nco-operative action. On January 19, 1861, a vote was taken\\nand resulted in favor of secession. Georgia came out of\\nthe Union as an independent and sovereign state. Immedi-\\nately there was the wildest excitement throughout the state.\\nTroops were organized, speeches made, bonfires burned, and\\nmen, women and children were enthusiastic in their determi-", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0100.jp2"}, "101": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. 79\\nnation to resist northern oppression and interference, to the\\nbitter end.\\n3. At this time the state was in an exceedingly prosper-\\nous condition. The taxable property amounted in value to\\n$650,000,000. The population was 1,057,000, of which 462,000\\nwere negroes or slaves. Business was flourishing, and the\\npeople were entirely unprepared for the great and terrible\\nchanges that the war was destined to make in their condition.\\n4. When South Carolina seceded. Governor Brown saw that\\nmatters were assuming a critical aspect and at once ordered\\nColonel Lawton of Savannah, to seize Fort Pulaski, at the\\nmouth of the Savannah River. The fort was taken possession\\nof January 3, 1861, and immediately put in good order. So this\\nfort was seized before the state of Georgia seceded; but the\\ngovernor dared not wait till after Georgia had withdrawn from\\nthe Union, for fear the Federal authorities would strengthen\\nthe fort and make it very difficult to capture it.\\n5. As soon as the state seceded. Governor Brown, with that\\nenergy and decision of character that have always marked him,\\nat once seized the arsenal at Augusta, which was full of military\\nstores belonging to the United States government, and in\\ncharge of Captain Elzey, of the United States army, with\\neighty soldiers. Captain Elzey at first declined to surrender,\\nbut seeing that he could not resist the 800 Augusta troops\\nordered against him, finally marched out with his men and\\nGovernor Brown took possession on January 23, 1861.\\n6. These were the first instances of hostility or of resistance\\nto the United States government, and to Governor Brown\\nbelongs the honor of taking the first bold and effective step in\\nsupport of the policy determined upon by his state. The\\nGeorgia members of Congress resigned and came home.\\n7. On February 4, 1861, the states that had seceded called a\\nconvention at Montgomery, Alabama. Georgia, South Carolina,\\nMississippi, Louisiana, Florida and Alabama were represented.\\nThe convention elected Howell Cobb as presiding officer.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0101.jp2"}, "102": {"fulltext": "80 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nJefferson Davis was elected President, and Alexander H.\\nStephens of Georgia, Vice-President, of the new association of\\nstates, called the Confederate States of America. Davis was\\nformally inaugurated on February 4, 1861, and on March 4,\\n1 86 1, Abraham Lincoln took his seat as President of the\\nUnited States.\\n8. President Davis s first act was to send a committee of three\\nmen Crawford of Georgia, Forsyth of Alabama, and Roman\\nof Louisiana to the Federal government at Washington city\\nto try and make a peaceful settlement, but they could do\\nnothing. Virginia tried to have the trouble peacefully adjusted,\\nand even called a peace convention at Washington, and thirteen\\nstates sent delegates but nothing was accomplished, and the\\nwar clouds grew darker and darker.\\n9. The states that had seceded followed Georgia s lead and\\nhad taken possession of all the forts and arsenals in their\\nlimits, except Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. Confederate\\ncompanies, regiments and brigades had been organized, and\\nGeneral Beauregard was in command. He called on Major\\nAnderson, the LInited States officer in command of Fort Sumter,\\nto give up the fort. This Major Anderson refused to do. The\\nConfederate cannon then began to bombard the fort, which\\nsurrendered after hard fighting. The attack on the fort caused\\nthe greatest excitement everywhere, and Lincoln at once made\\na call for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion.\\n10. Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas and North Carolina\\nquickly seceded and joined the Confederate states. But the\\nodds were heavily against them. There were only 9,000,000\\npeople in the seceded states, against 22,000,000 in the\\nnorthern and western states. The North had everything\\nfoundries, factories, ships, men the South had practically\\nnothing except land and slaves the latter a source of\\nconstant apprehension and anxiety. Both sides were doing\\ntheir utmost, and bringing soldiers to the chief seat of war,\\nwhich was, naturally, in Virginia, near the boundary between", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0102.jp2"}, "103": {"fulltext": "ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0103.jp2"}, "104": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0104.jp2"}, "105": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. 83\\nthe two sections. The Confederate government was transferred\\nfrom Montgomery to Richmond, and the war began in earnest.\\nQuestions. i. What was the platform of the Republican party?\\nWhat strong sentiment is spoken of? \\\\Vhat effect did this have on the\\nSouthern states? What state first seceded? 2. What did Governor\\nBrown do What is said of secession, and by whom was it opposed Of\\nwhat were these men convinced W hat vote was taken, and when did\\nGeorgia secede? What effect did this have in the state? 3. In what con-\\ndition was the state? 4. What did Governor Brown do upon the secession\\nof South Carolina? When was this fort seized? 5. What was done when\\nGeorgia seceded? What did Captain Elzey do? 6. What is said of Gov\\nerner Brown s promptness? 7. When was a convention called, and by\\nwhat states? W hat elections were held, and what name given to the\\nstates? When was Davis inaugurated? 8. What was Davis first work\\nWhat was the result? 9. What is said of the states that had seceded?\\nWhat of the forces for war? What fort was attacked, and what effect did\\nit have at the North? 10. What other states now seceded? What is\\nsaid of the difference in the forces What comparisons are made between\\nthe North and South? What did both sides try to do? What of the\\nConfederate government\\nCHAPTER XXIV.\\nWAR BETWEEN THE STATES. CONTINUED.\\n1. The first great battle was that of Manassas, Virginia, on\\nJuly 21, 1 86 1. The Federals, or Yankees, as the Southern\\npeople called them, were utterly defeated, losing 3000 men\\nand many cannon, guns and other equipment. The Confeder-\\nate loss was 2000 men, among them many brave officers.\\nGeorgia lost General Francis Bartow, for whom the name of\\nCass County was changed to Bartow County. After the battle\\nboth sides renewed and more troops were sent forward, and\\nthe fighting continued.\\n2. In the fall of 1861 Judge E. A. Nisbet was nominated for\\ngovernor, but Governor Brown was elected by a handsome", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0105.jp2"}, "106": {"fulltext": "84 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nmajority. Ben Hill and Robert Toombs were elected senators\\nto the Confederate Congress. But Mr. Toombs declined and\\nwent into the army as a brigadier-general and Dr. John W.\\nLewis was appointed senator by Governor Brown. At the close\\nof 1 86 1 Georgia had sent fifty regiments of soldiers to the\\narmy. The state had responded promptly to all demands\\nmade by the Confederate government, and the war spirit was\\nstronger than ever among the people. During the year 1861\\nthe Confederates were generally victorious, and the future\\nlooked full of hope and promise for the success and final\\nindependence of the Confederate states in spite of the heavy\\nodds against them.\\n3. But the Federal government now began to more clearly\\nrealize the magnitude of the contest and made preparations for\\nwar upon a scale not before contemplated. New armies were\\nsent into the field, not only into Virginia, but into Kentucky\\nand Tennessee, and southern ports and navigable rivers were\\nswarming with their war vessels and gun boats wherever they\\ncould get an entrance. The ports were blockaded. Little by\\nlittle the Federal armies encircled the Confederacy, until it\\nwas shut in by land and sea. The Federal government was\\nrecruiting its armies with men from Europe, while the Southern\\nstates were unable to add a single man to their forces except\\nfrom the native southern population. When a Federal soldier\\nwas killed there were dozens to take his place, but the loss of\\na Confederate soldier meant one man less for the Confederate\\nservice.\\n4. Within less than one year after the war began the Fed-\\neral armies numbered over 800,000 men, while the Confederates\\ncould muster less than 300,000. The great disparity in num-\\nbers began to be felt. The Federals took Kentucky and\\nTennessee. Fort Pulaski was captured. New Orleans and\\nMemphis fell in Federal hands. The Confederate Congress\\nmade a desperate effort to strengthen their armies. The\\nConscript act was passed, which compelled all sound men", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0106.jp2"}, "107": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. 85\\nbetween eighteen and thirty-five years of age to enlist in the\\narmy. Governor Brown strongly opposed the law and had a\\ncontroversy with President Davis on the subject, but the law\\nwent into effect and the governor honored every call made\\nupon him.\\n5. General Lee had been placed in command of the Confed-\\nerate army in Virginia, and during the year 1862 defeated the\\nFederals in some great battles. By the end of 1862 Georgia\\nhad sent 75,000 men to the Confederate armies, and had\\norganized a home force, known as the state guards, of about\\n9000 men. The general results of this year were in favor of\\nthe Federals. The Confederates were slowly exhausting their\\nmen and their resources, while the Federals were growing\\nstronger.\\n6. There was on both sides a great deal of opposition to the\\nwar, but it availed nothing. The war party was the stronger\\nand those who desired peace were not looked upon with\\nfavor. On January i, 1863, Lincoln issued his Emancipation\\nProclamation, which delared that all the slaves in the Confed-\\nerate states were free from that date. But their freedom was\\nnot really accomplished till the Confederate armies had\\nsurrendered. Georgia had, up to this time, been almost entirely\\nfree from Federal forces on her soil. But in May, 1863,\\nColonel Straight made a raid with 1500 cavalry into North\\nGeorgia to destroy the Confederate arsenal and cannon foundry\\nat Rome. He was followed by General Forrest, with only\\n450 men, and finally surrendered to Forrest just before\\nreaching Rome.\\n7. Fort McAllister, at the mouth of the Ogeechee River,\\nhad been attacked by Federal gunboats, but they were driven\\naway. On September 20, 1863, the battle of Chickamauga\\nwas fought on Georgia soil, in Walker County, and was a\\nvictory for the Confederates, but at a very heavy loss of\\nsoldiers. General Lee had defeated Hooker s army in Virginia,\\nbut General Meade soon afterwards defeated General Lee at", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0107.jp2"}, "108": {"fulltext": "86 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nGettysburg. Then Vicksburg, in Mississippi, was taken by\\nthe Federals and Bragg was defeated at Missionary Ridge. So\\nthat the year was generally one of disaster and defeat to the\\nConfederate cause. The greatly superior numbers and equip-\\nment of the Federals began to count heavily against the South.\\n8. Governor Brown had already served three terms as\\ngovernor, and in October, 1863, was again elected, with scarcely\\nany opposition. At the same time Georgia sent M. H.\\nBlandford, Julian Hartridge, Clifford Anderson, \\\\V. E. Smith,\\nWarren Akin, H. P. Bell, James M. Smith, George N. Lester,\\nJ. H. Echols and I. T. Shewmake, as her representatives to\\nthe Confederate Congress.\\n9. In April, 1863, John B. Gordon was made a Brigadier\\nGeneral, and in September, General Howell Cobb was placed\\nin command of the state guards. General A. R. Lawton was\\nappointed Quartermaster-General of the Confederate army.\\nThe year 1864 opened in gloom and darkness for the\\nConfederate states. General Bragg had just before been\\ndefeated at Missionary Ridge, and his army was encamped\\nnear Dalton, Georgia, resting and recruiting for the coming\\ncampaign. The Federals now had two immense armies in the\\nfield one in A^irginia, the other in and around Chattanooga\\nbesides smaller armies in other localities.\\n10. The first battle of this year was fought near Olustee,\\nFlorida. General (afterwards governor) Colquitt commanded\\nthe Confederates and completely defeated the Federals.\\nGeneral Bragg resigned the command of the army at Dalton\\nand General Hardee succeeded him. But General Joseph E.\\nJohnston soon succeeded General Hardee. About the same\\ntime General Sherman took command of the Federal army at\\nChattanooga and began to prepare for his march towards\\nAtlanta, along the line of the Western and Atlantic railroad.\\nGeneral Grant was commanding the Federal army in Virginia\\nand was pushing on towards Richmond. The Confederacy was\\nbeing slowly but surely crushed between these mighty armies.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0108.jp2"}, "109": {"fulltext": "WAR BETWEEX THE STATES. 8/\\nQuestions. i. When and where was the first battle fought.^ What\\nwas the result of this battle? What was done after the battle? 2. What\\nof the election for governor? Who were elected senators? To what\\nCongress? What had Georgia done in 1S61 W^hat hope had the\\nConfederates? 3. What of the Federal government at this time? What\\nof the ports? IIow was the Federal army supplied with men? 4. When\\na Confederate was killed, how was his place supplied What did the\\nFederal army number? The Confederate? W^hat was the result of this\\ndisparity of numbers Wliat did the Confederate congress do 5. What\\nis said of General Lee? Wliat had Georgia done at the end of 1S62?\\nHow were things going with the Confederates 6. Was there any oppo-\\nsition to the war? What was the Emancipation proclamation, and when\\nwas it issued Tell of Colonel Straight s raid into Georgia. 7. What\\nhappened at Fort McAllister? When was the battle of Chickamauga\\nfought, and with what results? What was the result of affairs elsewhere?\\n8. Tell of Brown s re-election. Who were representatives to the Con-\\nfederate congress? 9. What was done in April, 1S63? What was the\\nstate of affairs in 1S64? 10. What battle is spoken of? What is told of\\nColquitt? W^hat changes were made? What of the movements of the\\nFederal army\\nCHAPTER XXV.\\nWAR BETWEEX THE STATES. CONTINUED.\\n1. Early in May, 1864, Sherman began his march with\\nnearly 100,000 men. Johnston had only 43,000, and dared\\nnot risk a general battle as long as he could possibly\\navoid it. He was therefore compelled to retreat from time to\\ntime, fighting as he marched, until the whole distance from\\nChattanooga to Atlanta, along the line of the Western and\\nAtlantic railroad, was marked by bloody battles and dead men.\\nThe principal engagements were at Ringgold, Rocky Face,\\nDalton, Resaca, New Hope Church, Allatoona, Kennesaw\\nMountain, Marietta and the series of battles around Atlanta.\\nThe Confederates were generally successful in these fights,\\nbut could not replace their lost men, so that every victory\\nweakened them and served only to postpone the final crash.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0109.jp2"}, "110": {"fulltext": "8 S THE HISTORV OF GEORGIA.\\n2. It was almost one continued fight from May 4 to July 9,\\nwhen Johnston had been forced back to the Chattahoochee\\nRiver, only seven miles from Atlanta, and had gotten his army\\nsafely across. The Confederates had lost 9500 men, the\\nFederals more than 40,000. The Confederate authorities at\\nRichmond had become much alarmed at Johnston s continued\\nretreat, and had insisted on his fighting a general battle, which\\nJohnston dared not do, as his force was much smaller than\\nSherman s. He was therefore relieved from the command on\\nJuly 17, and was succeeded by General Hood, who was a brave\\nand gallant soldier, but not the equal of General Johnston in\\nthe handling of a large army.\\n3. General Hood immediately began the fighting. Only\\ntwo days after he took command he fought a bloody battle and\\nwas defeated. On the next day he again attacked the enemy,\\nbut after a severe battle gained no advantage. In this fight\\nGeneral John M. Brown, a brother to the governor, was\\ndangerously wounded and afterwards died. On July 28, Hood\\nagain attacked Sherman, but was repulsed. On August 5 a part\\nof Sherman s army attacked Hood, but were in turn repulsed.\\n4. In the meantime Sherman s cavalry, under Generals\\nStoneman and McCook, had been sent around Atlanta, towards\\nMacon. Governor Brown and General Howell Cobb drove\\nthem off from Macon, and they were afterwards captured by\\nGeneral Alfred Iverson. Sherman s batteries were continually\\nshelling Atlanta. All the citizens who were able to get away\\nhad gone, but there were still several thousand people in the\\ncity, who had to avoid the shells as best they could, by living in\\ncellars and holes dug in the hill-sides and railroad cuts.\\n5. The Federal army steadily gained ground and pushed its\\nway around the west side of Atlanta. At Jonesboro General\\nHood fought a hard battle, but was forced to give way, and so\\nAtlanta fell into Sherman s hands. Sherman s first order was\\nthat the citizens should leave Atlanta, and about 1700 of them\\nwere driven away from their homes.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0110.jp2"}, "111": {"fulltext": "CLOSE OF TilE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. \u00c2\u00ab9\\n6. General Hood, finding that he could not cope with\\nSherman in open battle, started his army toward Chattanooga\\nand Nashville, hoping by so doing he would force Sherman to\\nfollow him, and thereby relieve Georgia and get Sherman s\\narmy back into Tennessee. But Sherman sent General\\nThomas to follow Hood, while he himself remained in Atlanta\\nand began to prepare for his march to Savannah. His army\\nso outnumbered Hood s that he could easily divide it, and he\\nknew that General Thomas would be heavily reinforced in\\nTennessee. On his march toward Chattanooga, General Hood\\nattacked Allatoona, near Cartersville, to capture and destroy\\nsome of Sherman s supplies, but after a desperate battle the\\nFederals were left in possession of the fort, and Hood s forces\\nresumed their march. At Franklin, Tennessee, his army was\\nbadly defeated.\\nQuestions. i. When did Sherman begin his march, and how many\\nmen did he have?. What was the number of Johnson s forces? What\\nwas he compelled to do Where were the principal battles fought Who\\nwas generally successful? 2. How long did these engagements last, and\\nwhere were the Southern forces now? How many men were lost? What\\nof the authorities at Richmond? Who was given command? 3. What\\ndid Hood do? Tell of the battles. 4. What of Sherman, Sherman s\\ncavalry? Who captured them? What of Atlanta and the citizens?\\n5. What of the success of the Federal army? 6. What were Hood s\\nmovements? What did Sherman do? What battle was fought, and with\\nwhat results\\nCHAPTER XXVI.\\nCLOSE OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.\\nT. In November, 1864, Sherman left Atlanta with 60,000\\nmen and started toward Savannah. His army was scarcely\\nmolested, as all of Georgia s regular troops were in Virginia\\nand Tennessee and the state militia were utterly unable to offer\\nany resistance.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0111.jp2"}, "112": {"fulltext": "90 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n2. The track of Sherman s troops was one broad trail of\\nfire, plunder, robbery and destruction. Nothing was left. If\\na cyclone of fire had rushed along the country the ruin and\\ndesolation could not have been more complete. The rules\\nof civilized warfare were utterly disregarded. Helpless women\\nand children were shown no consideration. Along a belt of\\ncountry thirty to forty miles wide, extending from Chattanooga\\nto the Atlantic Ocean, he spared neither towns, cities, nor\\nhabitations he seized all the stock horses, mules, cows,\\nhogs, chickens, and everything that would support or feed the\\nhelpless women and children he destroyed beautiful villages\\nand homes, leaving nothing but crumbling walls and tottering\\nchimneys his foreign-born, mercenary soldiers insulted and\\nrobbed the helpless and feeble they broke up the tombs and\\nmonuments to the dead in our cemeteries. Sherman s excuse\\nfor all this, as given in his own Memoirs^ is, that he found the\\nbest way to stop the war was to make it horrible and he did it.\\n3. Governor Brown was at Milledgeville and the Legislature\\nwas in session. On November 23, 1864, the governor was\\nnotified that Sherman had left Atlanta with his army. The\\nbooks and papers of the state were hastily packed up and\\nstored away in a place of safety. Sherman passed through\\nMilledgeville and reached Savannah on December 10, 1864.\\nGeneral Hardee was in command of the city with only 10,000\\nConfederate troops. Knowing that he was helpless against\\nthe Federal army, he made no resistance, but carried his forces\\nacross the river into South Carolina. Sherman took Savannah,\\nand this completed his march of destruction from one ex-\\ntremity of the state to the other, from Chattanooga to the\\nAtlantic Ocean.\\n4. The Governor called the Legislature together at Macon\\nin February, 1865, where they transacted such business as they\\ncould. But the war had terribly crippled the state, and all that\\ncould be done was to try to encourage the people, and to\\nmake provision for those who had lost their property and their", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0112.jp2"}, "113": {"fulltext": "CLOSE OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES. 9 1\\nprotectors and had become dependent on the state for their\\ndaily bread. Sherman left Savannah on January 19, 1865,\\nmarched into South Carolina, burning and robbing as he went,\\nand on arriving at Columbia burned that city to the ground.\\n5. In the meantime Grant was gradually wearing away\\nGeneral Lee s army. After a week of severe fighting, Lee\\nsurrendered on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court House,\\nVirginia. General Johnston had been trying to check Sherman\\nin South Carolina, but when Lee surrendered there was no\\nlonger any hope, and so Johnston surrendered to Sherman on\\nApril 26, 1865. Thus ended the greatest and most destructive\\nwar of the century.\\n6. President Davis left Richmond and started to Texas,\\nbut was captured in Irwinville, Georgia, on May 10, by some\\nFederal cavalry that were hunting him. He was imprisoned\\ntwo years in Fortress Monroe, but was at length released with-\\nout trial. Alexander H. Stephens was also arrested and put\\nin prison, but was soon released. General Toombs escaped to\\nEngland to avoid arrest, but after some years returned to\\nGeorgia and was not molested. Governor Brown was arrested,\\nbut was paroled and went to his home in Milledgeville. But\\nhe was soon re-arrested, carried to Washington city, and placed\\nin prison. He was released in a few days by Andrew Johnson,\\nwho had become President of the United States after Lincoln\\nwas. assassinated.\\n7. Ben Hill and Howell Cobb were arrested, but soon\\nreleased. The state was now under Federal military rule.\\nGarrisons were posted at the principal towns and the Federal\\ngeneral, Wilson, was in command of all. Governor Brown\\ncalled upon the Legislature to assemble, but General Wilson\\nforbade it so Governor Brown resigned his office as governor\\nof the state, first publishing an address to the people in which\\nhe advised them to be patient, to support the Constitution of\\nthe United States, and to use every effort to get back into the\\nUnion as speedily as possible.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0113.jp2"}, "114": {"fulltext": "92 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nQuestions. i. Tell of Sherman s movements. 2, What is told of\\nhis warfare? What was his excuse? 3. What was done at Milledgeville\\nWhat were the forces at Savannah, and who was in command Did he\\nmake any resistance? When did Sherman take Savannah? 4. When and\\nwhere was the legislature called together? What could be done? What\\nof Sherman 5. Tell of Grant and Lee. When and where did Lee sur-\\nrender What of Johnson? What is said of this war? 6. Tell of Presi-\\ndent Davis flight and capture. What of Stephens and Toombs? Governor\\nBrown? 7. What of Ben Hill and Howell Cobb? What was the con-\\ndition of the state? What of the Legislature? What of Governor\\nI-rown\\nCHAPTER XXVII.\\nRECONSTRUCTION.\\n1. Georgia had done her full duty during the war. She\\nhad sent into the field 120,000 soldiers, or 20,000 more than\\nher voting population at the commencement of the war. In\\nproperty she had lost about $500,000,000, or more than\\nthree-fourths of her entire wealth. She had lost much more\\nheavily than any other Southern state, not only actually, but\\nproportionately.\\n2. The state had incurred a debt of $25,000,000 to carry\\non the war. Her loss in slaves alone was $272,000,000.\\nHer lands had depreciated one-half in value. One-fourth of\\nher railroad mileage was destroyed.\\n3. Georgians have good reasons to be proud of the state s\\nrecord. She freely gave her all to the Confederate cause, and\\nno troops ever fought and suffered with more heroism and\\npatience. No defeat was ever more crushing or more humili-\\nating, and yet no people ever went more bravely to work to\\nrebuild their fortunes and to repair the ruin of war. Peace\\nwas declared, but it was not the peace that a generous foe\\nshould give to a thoroughly conquered enemy.\\n4. The state was under military rule. The regular state\\ngovernment was deposed, and in June, 1865, James Johnson,", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0114.jp2"}, "115": {"fulltext": "RECONSTRUCTION. 93\\nof Columbus, Georgia, was appointed provisional governor of\\nGeorgia, by the President of the United States. Governor\\nJohnson at once called a convention to meet in October, 1865.\\n5. But the military were in power, citizens were arrested\\nand imprisoned on the slightest provocation, and often without\\nany cause whatever. The people were oppressed and made\\nto feel that they were conquered and at the mercy of the\\nconquerors. The amnesty oath was demanded of all citizens,\\nand the people generally had to subscribe to its terms before\\nthey could feel safe to pursue their various callings. Advent-\\nurers, carpet baggers and malignant men came in droves,\\nand by their meanness and petty exactions made the situation\\ninfinitely worse. Instead of trying to cultivate good will and\\nto restore the confidence of the people in the United States\\ngovernment, the very opposite course was persistently followed,\\nand bitterness and hatred on both sides were the natural fruits.\\n6. This was known as the Reconstruction Period, and\\nthe people were so galled and oppressed by these overbearing\\ntyrants that to this day the Reconstruction Period is\\nregarded with almost as much horror as the war itself.\\n7. The convention met in October, 1865. Herschel Y.\\nJohnson was elected President, The session lasted two weeks.\\nThe ordinance of secession was repealed, slavery was declared\\nabolished, the debt to carry on the war was repudiated, and a\\nnew constitution was adopted. It was ordered that an election\\nfor governor and congressmen be held the next November; at\\nwhich time Charles J. Jenkins was elected governor without\\nopposition. The following gentlemen were elected as congress-\\nmen, but were never permitted to take their seats, Solomon\\nCohen, Philip Cook, Hugh Buchanan, E. G. Cabaniss, James\\nD. Matthews, J. H. Christy and W. T. Wofford.\\n8. The Legislature assembled on December 4, 1865. Gov-\\nernor Johnson s message informed that body that he would\\ncontinue in office as provisional governor until otherwise\\ninstructed by the President of the United States.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0115.jp2"}, "116": {"fulltext": "94 JTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nQuestions. i. What had Georgia done.? 2. What were her losses.\\n3. What has she to be proud of? What is said of the defeat. Of the\\npeace declared.? 4. What rule was the state under.? Who was made\\nprovisional governor.? 5. Tell of the military power. 6. What was this\\nperiod called.? 7. What of the convention.? What election was held.?\\nWhat is said of the Congressmen 8. What of the legislature\\nCHAPTER XXVIII.\\nADMINISTRATION OF JENKINS,\\n1. On December 11, the President directed that Governor\\nJenkins be inaugurated, which was done on the 14th. Charles\\nJ. Jenkins was born in Beaufort District, South Carolina,\\nJanuary 6, 1805; came to Jefferson County, Georgia, in 18 16.\\nAfter his graduation at Union College, New York, he began\\npracticing law in Sandersville, Georgia, but removed to Augusta\\nin 1829. In 183 1 he became attorney-general of the state. He\\nwas a man of very great ability, high toned and patriotic.\\n2. This Legislature ratified the thirteenth amendment to the\\nConstitution of the United States which amendment forbade\\nslavery. Alexander H. Stephens and Herschel V. Johnson\\nwere elected United States senators, but Congress would not\\npermit them to take their seats, because the state would not\\nratify the fourteenth amendment to the Federal constitution.\\nThis amendment made negroes citizens, reduced representation\\nin Congress where they were denied the right of suffrage, and\\ndisfranchised all citizens who had held office before the war\\nand fought in the Confederate army.\\n3. President Johnson insisted that as the seceding states\\nhad annulled the ordinance of secession and abolished slavery,\\ntheir representatives were entitled to seats in Congress; but\\nthat body being Republican, demanded the adoption of the\\nfourteenth amendment. Tennessee was the only state that", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0116.jp2"}, "117": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0117.jp2"}, "118": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0118.jp2"}, "119": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF JENKINS. 97\\nwould, at that time, ratify the amendment, and so the recon-\\nstruction policy of the Federal government was continued in\\nthe other secession states.\\n4. Finding that matters were growing worse instead of\\nbetter, Ex-Governor Brown, and Judge Walker of the Supreme\\nCourt, went to Washington to endeavor to effect a satisfactory\\nsolution of the difficulty about the fourteenth amendment.\\nBut Congress would make no concessions, and these two\\ngentlemen returned home, when Governor Brown addressed a\\nletter to the people, advising them to promptly accept the\\nterms offered by the United States Government.\\n5. Governor Jenkins then went to Washington, but met\\nwith no success. He advised the people not to comply with\\nthe demands of Congress. Ben Hill took the same position,\\nand while the controversy between the state and the Federal\\nauthorities was going on General Pope was made Military\\nCommander of Georgia. In December, 1867, the Democrats\\nheld their first convention after the war. Ben Hill was the\\npresiding officer. Nothing was accomplished, except to protest\\nagainst the reconstruction acts of Congress.\\n6. The Federal authorities were meanwhile trying to obtain\\nsome form of endorsement of their exacting and illegal\\nproceedings, and General Pope had issued a call for a state\\nconvention in December. One of the reconstruction laws\\npassed by Congress was known as the Confiscation Act, which\\nprovided that all men worth $20,000, or more, who had fought\\nin the Confederate army, or had in any way assisted or\\nencouraged the rebellion, should have their property\\nconfiscated, unless such men were pardoned by the United\\nStates government.\\n7. The idea was to build up the Republican party in\\nGeorgia, and it was supposed that men of wealth and influence\\nwould ally themselves with the Republicans in order to avoid\\ntrouble and feel secure in the possession of their property.\\nSome men of prominence accepted the offered terms and", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0119.jp2"}, "120": {"fulltext": "98 THE HISTURV OF GEORGIA,\\nbecame Republicans, and this change of party brought upon\\nthem the severest criticism.\\n8. When General Pope s convention met in Atlanta, on the\\n9th of December, 1867, there were 170 delegates. It was a\\nbadly mixed body. There were some patriotic Democrats,\\ntwenty-five or thirty negroes, some few good men who had all\\nthe time been Republicans from principle, and others who had\\njoined the Republican party to save themselves trouble under\\nthe Confiscation Act.\\n9. The convention remained in session until March, 1868.\\nIts principal work was the adoption of a new Constitution for\\nthe state, which was *in the main satisfactory to the people.\\nThis was brought about by the influence of the few good men\\nwho were members of the convention. General Pope was\\nrelieved from the command of the Georgia Military District\\nand General Meade succeeded him.\\nQuestions. i. When was Jenkins inaugurated? \\\\Vhat is said of\\nhis life? 2. What was the work of the legislature? Who were elected\\nsenators? Why did they not take their seats? What was this amend-\\nment? 3. What did President Johnson urge? What did Congress\\ndemand? 4. Mow were matters growing, and who endeavored to adjust\\nthings? 5. What did Governor Jenkins do? What of Ben Hill?\\nWhat is said of the Democrats, and what was accomplished? 6. What\\nwere the Federals trying to do What of the laws passed by Congress\\n7. Why was this done 8. Tell of Pope s convention. 9. How long was\\nthis convention in session, and what was the principal work\\nCHAPTER XXIX.\\nADMINISTRATION OF BULLOCK.\\nI. The expenses of the convention had to be paid and\\nGovernor Jenkins was ordered by General Meade to pay\\n$40,000 of the state s money for this purpose. The governor\\ndeclined and was at once removed from office by General", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0120.jp2"}, "121": {"fulltext": "iiWsi^^ivvA k^^\\nJOHN B. GORDON.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0121.jp2"}, "122": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0122.jp2"}, "123": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF BULLOCK. 1 01\\nMeade, who also at the same time removed John Jones, the\\nstate treasurer. General Thomas H. Ruger of the Federal\\narmy was then detailed as governor of Georgia, and a Captain\\nRockwell was installed as treasurer.\\n2. Governor Jenkins took all the state s money, amounting\\nto $400,000, and the great seal of the state to New York city,\\nand deposited the funds and the seal in a bank for safe\\nkeeping. He then filed a bill before the Supreme Court of\\nthe United States to compel the reversal of the arbitrary\\nproceedings of the military authorities in Georgia but the\\ncourt was thoroughly Republican and nothing was done.\\n3. The convention had ordered an election for governor,\\nto be held in April, 1868. The Republican candidate was\\nRufus B. Bullock. The Democrats nominated John B. Gordon.\\nBullock was elected with the aid of military interference and\\nintimidation. The negroes were, of course, all Republicans,\\nand voted solidly against their former masters. The new\\nConstitution was duly ratified by this election, and continued\\nin force until 1877. In 1868 General Grant was elected\\nPresident of the United States.\\n4. The convention of 1868 submitted to the people a pro-\\nposition made by the city of Atlanta to remove the state\\ncapital from Milledgeville to Atlanta.\\n5. The State Legislature met in July, 1868. The fourteenth\\namendment was ratified. Bullock was inaugurated governor\\nand military rule under the Reconstruction Acts was declared\\nat an end. The people rejoiced and believed that they would\\nnow go forward in their own way to build up the state and\\ngovern themselves as they saw fit.\\n6. But they were bitterly disappointed. Governor Bullock\\nwas not in sympathy with the people in fact, there was con-\\nstant and open war between them. Bullock was a Republican\\nand a thorough partisan. His public acts were all calculated\\nto inflame and embitter the people against him, and this con-\\ndition of affairs did not improve. The crisis came soon. The", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0123.jp2"}, "124": {"fulltext": "I02 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ntwenty-five negro members of the Legislature were unseated\\nand turned out, and the Democrats were in control of the\\nLegislature.\\n7. This, of course, rendered Bullock comparatively power-\\nless. His only remedy was to return to Reconstruction methods.\\nHe went to Washington city, and, by hard and persistent work,\\nprocured the passage of a bill requiring the governor to\\nconvene the Legislature, and all of its members to take the\\namnesty oath that the negro members should be reseated\\nand that the fifteenth amendment should be accepted by the\\nstate before it could be represented in Congress. The fifteenth\\namendment conferred upon the negro the right to vote.\\n8. In pursuance of this act of Congress, General Alfred\\nTerry was appointed commander of the Georgia District;\\nBullock signed as provisional governor, and the state was once\\nmore under military rule, and Reconstruction again in force.\\nThe Legislature provided for by Congress met in January,\\n1870. After several days of confusion and wrangling, twenty-\\nfour Democrats were turned out of their seats and thirty-one\\nnegroes were declared members. The fifteenth amendment\\nwas ratified and the work of crippling and breaking down the\\nstate was carried on vigorously by this mongrel body, ably\\nassisted by the governor.\\n9. But the manner of its organization, and its many acts\\ncommitted in utter disregard of any kind of law, at length\\nattracted the attention of Congress. A committee was ordered\\nto inquire into the proceedings of this so-called Legislature,\\nand reported that they were illegal, arbitrary and improper.\\nBullock was severely rebuked, a new election was ordered, and\\na bill passed restoring Georgia to the Union. This bill was\\nsigned by President Grant in July, 1870, and Georgia was\\nagain one of the United States. She was the last of the seced-\\ning states to be re-admitted. She had been kept out because\\nher people had so long and so bitterly resented and fought\\nFederal and military interference in her affairs.", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0124.jp2"}, "125": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF BULLOCK. IO3\\n10. In November, 1870, Bullock was again elected governor,\\nin accordance with the provisions of the Act of Congress. He\\ncontinued in office till October, 187 1, when he secretly resigned\\nand fled from the state, being in great alarm lest he should be\\nimpeached for his bad, extravagant, and, in many cases, illegal,\\nmanagement of the state s affairs. He remained away till\\n1876, when he was arrested, brought back, tried and acquitted\\nfor lack of sufficient proof to connect him criminally with the\\nfrauds upon the state during his administration.\\n11. At the time of Bullock s resignation and flight, Benjamin\\nConley was the President of the State Senate. He succeeded\\nBullock to fill out the unexpired term. Although there was a\\nsharp controversy over his right to be governor, he was\\npermitted to hold the office. He was a strong Republican, but\\nhis administration was a marked improvement upon that\\nof Bullock.\\nQuestions. i. Why was Governor Jenkins removed from office Who\\nwas also removed. Who was made governor and treasurer? 2. What did\\nGovernor Jenkins do What bill did he file, and what was its success\\n3 Tell of the next election for governor. What of the new constitution.\\n4. What of the convention of 186S. Where did the legislature meet.\\n5. When did the state legislature meet, and what was its work What\\ndid the people believe 6. Tell of Governor Bullock and the people.\\nWhat was the crisis? 7. What was Bullock s next move? What was the\\nFifteenth Amendment? 8. What effect did this act of Congress have on\\nthe state? What rule was again in force? What did legislature of 1870\\ndo? 9. What finally attracted the attention of Congress? What did the\\ncommittee report What was the effect of this report Why had Georgia\\nbeen out of the Union 10. Who was next elected governor? What was\\nthe result of this election? 11. What is said of Conley?", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0125.jp2"}, "126": {"fulltext": "I04 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHAPTER XXX.\\nADMINISTRATION OF SMITH.\\n1. In December, 187 i, the Democratic convention was held\\nin Atlanta. Herbert Fielder, W. T. Wofford and James M.\\nSmith were candidates for the gubernatorial nomination.\\nSmith was nominated and duly elected, and on January 12,\\n1872, was inaugurated governor of the state, amid general\\nrejoicing and congratulation.\\n2. So after four years of war, and seven years of recon-\\nstruction and military rule, the state was once more in the\\nhands of her own people, with a Democratic governor and\\nlegislature. From that day her progress, and that of the\\nwhole South, has been wonderful, and has attracted the\\nattention and admiration of the world.\\n3. The condition of the people at the beginning of 1872\\nwas one of hope and energy. In spite of so many years of\\nmisrule and oppression, great advances had been made in\\nevery way. New railroads had been built, the towns and the\\ncities were growing, the farmers had in great part adjusted\\nthemselves to the new order of affairs and were getting along\\nin peace with the free negro laborers, while the negroes\\nthemselves were behaving in a manner highly creditable to\\nthem and very gratifying to those who had been their masters.\\nIt is true that numbers of them had flocked into the towns and\\ncities, and had no visible means of support, and were a care\\nand a burden to the white people, but in general they were\\norderly and disposed to act properly. There would never have\\nbeen any trouble between the whites and the negroes if it had\\nnot been for the interference of vindictive northern people and\\nradical politicians who incited the negroes to insolence and\\nopposition to their former masters. But the general condition\\nof affairs was one of peace and prosperity, and now that the", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0126.jp2"}, "127": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF SMITH. IO5\\nState was once more in the hands of her own loyal and\\npatriotic people, there was a feeling of great relief and hope\\nfor the future.\\n4. As might well be expected, Governor Smith found the\\naffairs of the state in a very mixed condition. Under the\\nBullock administration the public indebtedness had grown to\\nenormous proportions, but this Legislature declared null, void\\nand illegal about eight millions of the bonds issued by the\\nBullock party.\\n5. The Western and Atlantic railroad, which is the property\\nof the state, had so run down and its earnings had been so\\nmisappropriated that it was a burden instead of a help to the\\ntaxpayers, A Lease Company was formed in 1870, with\\nGovernor Brown at its head, and the road was leased thereto\\nfor the term of twenty years, at a monthly rental of $25,000.\\nOne half of this income was to be set apart for the Public\\nSchool fund, and with some additional help was sufficient\\nto establish public schools in nearly every county in the state.\\n6. The negroes were a care and burden, and it was\\ndeemed best the whites should educate them, so far as they\\nwere able, and try to make them good citizens. After nearly\\nthirty years of freedom they seem not to have profited by the\\nefforts made in their behalf. But the attempt to transform the\\nrace into educated and cultured citizens is still going on, and\\nthe appropriations for this purpose grow larger with each\\nsucceeding year.\\n7. In May, 1872, the Georgia State College of Agriculture\\nand Mechanical Arts was opened at Athens. In 1862,\\nCongress had given Georgia 270,000 acres of land for educa-\\ntional purposes. Governor Conley sold this land at ninety\\ncents per acre, and the school was established.\\n8. During this year Governor Jenkins returned to the state\\nthe great seal, taken away by him when General Meade\\nremoved him from office. Its return was made an interesting\\nevent, and a fac-siviile of the seal was presented to the", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0127.jp2"}, "128": {"fulltext": "I06 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nex-governor, as a testimonial of his loyalty and service.\\nGovernor Smith was re-elected in 1872. Judges McCay and\\nTrippe were appointed to the Supreme bench, and Gustavus J.\\nOrr as school commissioner.\\n9. In 1873 John B. Gordon was elected United States\\nsenator. A year later the Legislature ordered a geological\\nsurvey of the state, and Doctor George Little was appointed\\nstate geologist. In the same year, the governor was directed\\nto lease the state convicts from one to five years; but in\\n1876 the Legislature extended the lease to twenty years.\\nFreedom had brought many idle negroes to larceny and other\\ncrimes, and thence to the penitentiary, which had become full\\nto overflowing, and the state was compelled to make some\\nother disposition of the convicts. The lease system is not\\npopular. Many good men believe that the proper employment\\nfor convict labor is upon the public roads of the state. There\\nthey can accomplish more good and less harm than elsewhere,\\nand the competition with free labor is reduced to its minimum.\\nA few very few counties in the state have adopted this\\nplan for the employment of their convicts, with most beneficial\\nand satisfactory results.\\nQuestions. i. Where was the Democratic convention held, and who\\nwere candidates. What was the result of the nomination and election?\\n2. What is said of the South 3. What was the condition of the people\\nat this time What is said of the negroes What was the general con-\\ndition of affairs? 4. What is said of Bullock s administration? What\\ndid legislature do 5. Tell of the Western Atlantic railroad. What\\nwas done with the income? What of the negroes? 7. When and where\\nwas the College of Agriculture opened? 8. What was returned to the\\nstate this year? Who was made governor, and what appointments made?\\n8. Who was elected senator in 1873 What did legislature order What\\nis told of the convicts?", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0128.jp2"}, "129": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF COLQUITT.\\n107\\nCHAPTER XXXI.\\nADMINISTRATION OF COLOLMTT.\\nAlfred H. Colquitt\\n1. Alfred H. Colquitt was unanimously nominated candidate\\nfor governor in August, 1876, and was elected in October\\nfollowing. He was duly inaugurated\\nJanuary 12, 1877, and served till\\n1883.\\n2. He was born in Walton County,\\nGeorgia, in 1824, and was a son of\\nWalter T. Colquitt. He graduated\\nat Princeton College, and then began\\nto practice law, but abandoned it for\\nfarming. He served in the Mexican\\nwar as a major, was then a member\\nof Congress, and afterwards a briga-\\ndier-general in the Confederate army.\\nAfter the war he was made president\\nof the Georgia State Agricultural Society, where he was of\\ngreat service to his people in stimulating and advancing the\\nfarming interests of the state. He is now (1893) United\\nStates senator, and well advanced in years.\\n3. A new constitution was adopted in 1877. The governor s\\nterm of office was reduced from four to two years. The judges\\nand solicitors of the circuit courts were thereafter elected by\\nthe people. The Legislature was to meet every two years,\\ninstead of annually. The removal of the state capital from\\nMilledgeville to Atlanta was formally voted upon and Atlanta\\nduly selected.\\n4. In 1879 the Railroad Commission for regulating freight\\nand passenger rates on the railroads in the state, was\\norganized. The first commission was composed of James\\nM. Smith, Campbell V/allace and Samuel Barnett.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0129.jp2"}, "130": {"fulltext": "I08 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n5. In 1880 Senator Gordon resigned and Governor Colquitt\\nimmediately appointed Ex-Governor Brown as Gordon s suc-\\ncessor. In August the state convention assembled in Atlanta\\nto nominate state officers. Governor Colquitt was again\\nnominated, and was opposed by Thomas M. Norwood. But\\nColquitt was re-elected by a large majority. The Legislature met\\nin November, 1880. It Avas shown by the governor s message\\nthat the state was in a very prosperous condition. Senator\\nJoseph E. Brown was regularly elected to the United States\\nSenate, and James Jackson chief justice of the Supreme Court.\\n6. Governor Colquitt was elected United States senator as\\nsoon as his term of office as governor expired. He was\\nsucceeded as governor by Alexander H, Stephens, who was\\ninaugurated in November, 1882, though more than seventy\\nyears of age. He was an able and philanthropic man, but\\nwithin a few months after his inauguration was attacked by\\nillness that ended his life on March 4, 1883.\\n7. James S. Boynton, at that time president of the State\\nSenate, became governor upon the death of Stephens. An\\nelection by the people was immediately ordered, to fill the\\nunexpired term of Stephens, which resulted in the choice of\\nHenry D. McDaniel.\\n8. The Legislature, in 1883, passed a bill for the erection\\nof a new capitol building at Atlanta, and appropriated one\\nmillion dollars for this purpose, payable in six annual install-\\nments. The building, which is one of the handsomest of its\\nkind, was completed in 1889.\\nQuestions. i. Who was next governor, and when elected? 2. What\\nis said of Colquitt? 3. When was a new constitution- adopted, and what\\nwere its changes? What was voted upon? 4. What was organized\\nin 1879? Who comprised this commission? 5. Who was appointed\\nGordon s successor as senator? What was the result of the next election\\nWhat was shown by the governor s message? 6. To what office was Col-\\nquitt next elected, and who succeeded him as ijovernor? What is said of\\nStephens? 8. Who took his place as governor? Who was elected for\\nnext governor 9. What did the Legislature of 1883 do", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0130.jp2"}, "131": {"fulltext": "1^^?=^", "height": "3417", "width": "2111", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0131.jp2"}, "132": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0132.jp2"}, "133": {"fulltext": "ADMINISTRATION OF McDANIEL. I 1 I\\nCHAPTER XXXIT.\\nADMINISTRATION OF McDANIEL.\\n1. Governor McDaniel was re-elected in 1884 for the full\\nterm of two years, and was succeeded in 1886 by John B.\\nGordon. Governor Gordon served two terms and was\\nsucceeded in 1890 by William J. Northen, who having\\nserved one term, was in 1892 chosen to succeed himself,\\nand is now governor of the state.\\n2. Governor Northen was the candidate of an organization\\nknown as the Farmers Alliance, which came into existence in\\n1890. It was not at first a political party, but was intended\\nto advance the interests generally of the farming community.\\nIt was a secret organization with grips, pass-words, and other\\nparaphernalia of such societies, and excluded from membership\\nall who were not farmers or directly interested in agricultural\\npursuits. Ministers who preached in the country were admitted,\\nothers were excluded. The primary cause of its coming into\\nbeing was dissatisfaction with the management of the state s\\naffairs, discrimination by the Legislature against the farming\\ninterests, and a desire to bring about a general reform in\\npolitical matters. Acting upon these principles they elected the\\ngovernor and other officers in 1890, but from that time\\nforward the Alliance gradually drifted into partisan politics,\\nand in a great measure lost sight of its original purposes.\\n3. So great was the dissatisfaction among its members that\\na new party was formed called the Third party, or the People s\\nparty, which resulted in the election by the regular Democratic\\nparty, of most of its candidates in 1892. Governor Northen\\nhad no opposition for his second term, and was the choice of\\nall parties.\\n4. Before closing this chapter it is proper to make special\\nmention that Honorable Charles F. Crisp, representative in\\nCongress from the third district, was elected Speaker of the", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0133.jp2"}, "134": {"fulltext": "112 TIIR UISTOKV OF GEORGIA.\\nHouse for the fifty-third Congress. His abihty as a statesman,\\nhis urbanity and conservatism, rendered him pecuUarly fit for\\nthis high office. He has not disappointed the expectations\\nof those who chose him, and commands the respect of the\\nmembers, and of the people at large.\\nAnother signal honor done to the people of Georgia was the\\nselection by Mr. Cleveland of the Honorable Hoke Smith as\\nSecretary of the Interior. It is all the more complimentary\\nto Mr. Smith because he had never been a member of Congress\\nnor the governor of his state. (Portraits of these gentlemen\\nwill be found on succeeding pages.)\\n5. The general condition of the state is prosperous. Her\\npopulation is increasing, her factories are multiplying, and her\\ntowns and cities are growing. Her farmers, in common with\\nall citizens of the state, have recovered from the results of the\\nwar, and every kind of business diligently followed is rewarded\\nwith satisfactory returns. The whites and the negroes, as a\\nrule, are living upon the same soil in peace and harmony, and\\nwere it not for the crippled old soldiers and the widows of those\\nwho lost their lives in the Confederate service, there would be\\nnothing to detract from the full contentment and happiness of\\nthe people.\\n6. Let us not forget to be duly and constantly grateful to a\\nkind Providence for all we have and enjoy.\\nQuestions. i. Who was elected governor in 1884. Who succeeded\\nhim Who was elected in 1S92 2. What is said of Northen What of\\nthe Alliance. 3. What of the third party. 4. What is said of the state s\\ncondition The whites and negroes", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0134.jp2"}, "135": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0135.jp2"}, "136": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0136.jp2"}, "137": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL READINGS.", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0137.jp2"}, "138": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0138.jp2"}, "139": {"fulltext": "HISTORICAL READINGS.\\nCHAPTER XXXIII.\\nTHE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE ITS ORIGIN AND GROWTH.\\n1. The institution of African slavery is so intimately con-\\nnected with the history of Georgia and has been so closely\\ninterwoven with her civilization, that a brief account of its\\norigin, its growth and its sudden abolition should be recorded,\\nnot for crimination or exculpation, but that the truth of history\\nmay be vindicated. Facts, cold facts, are history, and they\\nnever blush to be narrated.\\n2. Until 1843, only fifty years ago, African bondage prevailed\\nnot only in some of the less civilized countries of Europe and\\nSouth America, but in the East Indies, which were under the\\nrule of Great Britain, the foremost and most enlightened\\ngovernment in the world. Early in this century the slave trade\\nbecame odious to all philanthropists, but slavery itself was not.\\nThe brutality with which the trade was conducted and the\\nhorrors of the middle passage, as it was called, had awak-\\nened the pity of mankind, and by common consent the traffic\\nin Africans and their transportation to other countries was\\nprohibited under the severest penalties, both in Europe and\\nthe United ^States,\\n3. Notwithstanding this, the institution of slavery continued\\nwhere it had been planted. It not only continued, but was\\nencouraged as a moral agency of civilization, until Wilberforce\\nbegan the agitation for its abolishment in England and her\\ncolonies. But the plant of this great reform was of slow\\ngrowth, and emancipation was not entirely accomplished until", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0139.jp2"}, "140": {"fulltext": "il^ THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA;\\nlong after Wilberforce died. Jn 1843, the last of the slaves of\\nthe English colonies were emancipated, and their owners were\\npaid for them out of the national treasury.\\n4. The sentiment of the people of the United States against\\nslavery was more pronounced than it was in England, and the\\nstates began early to provide for immediate or gradual eman-\\ncipation. Georgia was the first state to prohibit the slave\\ntrade with Africa, and she kept that prohibition inviolate, while\\nsome of the northern states carried it on long after their own\\nslaves were freed. There was to them no profit in slavery,\\nbut there were fabulous gains in the traffic. Hence, they\\ngradually disposed of their own slaves by sending them south,\\nand in some instances the young of their slaves were given\\naway. (Appleton s Encyclopaedia is authority for this.)\\n5. But the feeling in the states was generally averse to\\nslavery, and that feeling was for a time stronger at the South\\nthan at the North. The ordinance of 1787 that excluded the\\ninstitution from the northwestern territories was supported by\\nsouthern men. Pennsylvania provided for gradual emanci-\\npation, and as late as 1840 her slaves were not all free. In\\nsome cases they were sold for debt. (See Appleton s Encyclo-\\npaedia.) Rhode Island and Connecticut had a few left in\\n1840, New Jersey had 236 in 1850, New York emancipated\\nin 1827.\\n6. That the southern states did not emancipate their slaves\\nwas owing to a variety of circumstances. The climate of the\\nSouth was suited to the negro, and he seemed to be contented\\nand happy there. The southerners had invested more money\\nin slaves than had their northern brethren. The invention of\\nthe cotton gin had suddenly stimulated the cultivation of\\ncotton, for which the negro was peculiarly fitted, and the growth\\nof rice, tobacco and sugar-cane was equally inviting to his\\nlabor. But more than all these reasons was the fear that the\\nslaves were increasing so rapidly as to put the Commonwealth\\nin peril if they were freed. They were still affected with the", "height": "3427", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0140.jp2"}, "141": {"fulltext": "THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. I I9\\nsame race traits that they inherited from barbarian ancestors\\nand it was feared that they could not be controlled as freed-\\nmen or as citizens.\\n7. Still there was an intelligent number of our people who\\nfavored gradual emancipation. This sentiment was slowly but\\nsurely spreading. Joseph Henry Lumpkin, Chief Justice of\\nour Supreme Court, was outspoken as a co-worker with the\\ngradual emancipation policy, inaugurated and advocated by\\nHenry Clay of Kentucky. This policy would doubtless have\\nbeen adopted by Georgia, had her people not resented what\\nseemed like attempts to coerce them. Our people said: If\\nyou let us alone we may do it, but you cannot drive us. We\\nare penned up with these negroes and know where our safety\\nlies.\\n8. William Lloyd Garrison of Boston, founded the Anti-\\nslavery party in 1831. Arthur Tappan became its president\\nin 1833. Much money was expended in magnifying and\\nexaggerating the abuses of slavery. This party declared that\\nall the laws of the government that recognized slavery were\\nutterly null and void. As they grew stronger and became\\nmore aggressive their influence steadily increased. In 1844\\nthe Abolitionists openly avowed that their object was to effect\\na dissolution of the Union and form a northern republic. They\\ndeclared that a union with slavery was a league with hell and\\na covenant with death. They were the first secessionists and\\nthey remained so until the late Civil War. The troops they\\nfurnished and the money they so freely contributed were not\\nfor the maintenance of the Union, but to effect the freedom of\\nthe slaves. In i860 William H. Seward spoke from Faneuil\\nHall and said there was a higher law than the Constitution.\\n9. When Nathaniel Hawthorne was asked in 1861 if he was\\nnot in favor of the war, he replied: Yes, I suppose so, but\\nreally I don t see what we have to fight about. It seemed\\nto him that the South in seceding had done just what the\\nAbolitionists desired her to do. This being the case, the", "height": "3407", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0141.jp2"}, "142": {"fulltext": "I 20 TUK HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nintensified hostility of tiiis party toward the South is difficult\\nto explain. Only a few years had elapsed since New England\\nhad emancipated the slaves they had not sold. It was less\\nthan twenty years since England had emancipated hers, and\\nneither Georgia nor any of her sister states was ready for the\\nchange. Was this cry for abolition an earnest sympathy for the\\nslaves, or political hatred for their masters Or was it both\\nfor, as Judge Tourgee says in his Fool s Errand The\\nSouth had controlled the government for fifty years. Many\\npoliticians at the North were jealous, jealous to exasperation,\\nand slavery was but the shibboleth that intensified their\\nanimosity. Even in New England there were men who made\\nno war upon the slave trade, but rather winked at it and\\nenjoyed its rich returns. This is not an idle assertion, but an\\nestablished fact, if Northern historians are to be believed. In\\n1820 Justice Story, the great jurist, charged the grand juries of\\nhis New England circuit in the following words\\n10. We have but too many undeniable proofs from un-\\nquestionable sources that the African slave trade is still carried\\non among us with all the implacable ferocity and insatiable\\nrapacity of former times. Avarice has grow^n more subtle in\\nits invasion of the law. It watches and seizes its prey with an\\nappetite quickened rather than suppressed. American citizens\\nare steeped up to their very mouths in this iniquity.\\n11. W. W. Story, his gifted son, in writing the biography of\\nhis father, says: The fortunes of many men of prominence\\nwere secretly invested in this infamous practice. Slavery itself\\nhad hardly disappeared in New England when the slave trade\\ntook on new life and was winked at. A man might still have\\nposition in society and claim consideration as a gentleman,\\nnay, as a Christian, while his ships were freighted with human\\ncargo and his commerce was in the blood and pain of his\\nfellow creatures. This practice was abstractly inveighed\\nagainst, but was secretly indulged in. The chances of great\\nfortunes inflamed the cupidity of men in my father s circuit.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0142.jp2"}, "143": {"fulltext": "THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. 121\\nIt is notorious tliat many large fortunes were the blood money\\nof the slave trade, and owed their existence to the wretched\\ncargoes that survived the horrors of the middle passage. But\\nthis charge of my father to the grand juries of Massachusetts\\nand Rhode Island seemed only to arouse the passions of those\\nengaged in the traffic. The newspapers of the day publicly\\ndenounced my father, and one paper in Boston declared that\\nany judge who would deliver such a charge ought to be hurled\\nfrom the bench.\\n12. And so the traffic went on unmolested. Still there were\\nno prosecutions. The navies of the world seemed to be asleep,\\nor, perhaps, the traffic was still winked at by the owners of the\\nmerchantmen that traversed the seas.\\n13. This much has been recorded to show to the youths\\nof this generation that neither Georgia nor the South was\\nresponsible for slavery, nor for the traffic in slaves across the\\nseas, for from 1776 down to the present time, there was but a\\nsingle attempt made by a Southern man to introduce African\\nslaves into a Southern port, and that attempt was a failure. A\\nsmall yacht, called Wanderer, was seized and condemned and\\nher officers were pursued with unrelenting vigor by a Southern\\nman. General Henry R. Jackson, who was then Assistant\\nAttorney-General of the United States.\\n14. But, after all, slavery was really the provoking cause of\\nthe late unhappy war between the states. Georgia seceded\\nfrom the Union not because she desired to perpetuate slavery,\\nbut rather because she could not maintain what she believed\\nto be her rights under the Constitution. She desired an outlet\\nin the territories for the disposition of her slaves, for their\\nrapid increase was alarming. She believed that it was perilous\\nto emancipate, and sti41 more perilous to await results. Those\\nof her citizens who were not slave owners were rapidly\\nemigrating to the west. The most thoughtful men in Georgia,\\nparticularly those advanced in years, saw and felt the peril of\\ntheir situation. Secession meant war, and to remain in the", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0143.jp2"}, "144": {"fulltext": "122 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nUnion was to be imprisoned by state lines with an inferior\\nrace that might become a danger and a menace. A few slaves\\nhad been manumitted and sent to Liberia, but the result was\\nbad, very bad.\\n15. Major Waters, a wealthy planter of Gwinnett County,\\nhad by will manumitted thirty-seven slaves, and his executor\\ndelivered them in Savannah to the Colonization Society. They\\nwere well provided with clothing, $100 in gold was presented\\nto each, and they were sent to Liberia free of charge. Thirty\\nof them died within twelve months. The remaining seven\\nescaped from their exile and found passage in a merchant\\nvessel for Philadelphia. Thence they returned to Georgia\\nthrough the friendly aid of Howell Cobb and Alexander H.\\nStephens, who furnished them the means of getting home.\\nThis case is fully reported in one of the earlier volumes of our\\nSupreme Court reports, for the will of Major Waters was\\ncontested by his heirs.\\n16. The common people of the South, the yeomanry, the\\ntoilers, were no lovers of the negro. They realized that he\\nwas in their way. The slave-holders owned the best of the\\nland, lived in fin e houses, and had the best stock, the best\\ntools, and the best vehicles, while the toilers had to take what\\nthey could get. No wonder they were jealous of the institution.\\nAnd yet these men, poor, and struggling for a livelihood in the\\nmountains of north Georgia, or down in the piney woods of\\nthe southern counties, did not hesitate to shoulder their rifles\\nand hurry to their country s call. My country, right or\\nwrong, was their motto. Only one-seventh of the tax-payers\\nof the state were owners of slaves in i860, and not more than\\none soldier in ten was interested in slavery. In fact, certain\\ncounties in north Georgia sent more soldiers to the field than\\nthere were slaves in those counties.\\n17. Anti-slavery was not a predominant sentiment in the\\nNorth outside of New England. The cry of the West and of\\nmost of the North was, The Union, it must be preserved.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0144.jp2"}, "145": {"fulltext": "THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE. 1 23\\nGeneral Grant, whom the North idoUzed and honored, was\\nhimself a slave-owner, and lived off their hire in St. Louis\\nuntil freedom came. Some of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln s kindred\\nin Kentucky were slave-owners, and her brother served as a\\nstaff officer in the Confederate army. Mr. Lincoln himself\\ndeclared that he signed the Emancipation Proclamation only as\\na war measure to suppress the rebellion, as it was called, and\\nto save the Union. He repeatedly refused to take such a step,\\nthough urged by the members of Cabinet to do so. General\\nFremont, in August, 1861, issued a military order that emanci-\\npated the slaves of rebels in Missouri. Mr. Lincoln promptly\\nrevoked this order. In May, 1862, General Hunter issued a\\nsimilar order, declaring all slaves in Georgia, South Carolina\\nand Florida forever free. When Mr. Lincoln heard of it he\\nimmediately issued a proclamation declaring it void, and in\\nhis letter to Horace Greeley, in August, 1862, he said My\\nparamount object is to save the Union, and not either to save\\nor to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without\\nfreeing any slaves, I would do it. If I could do it by freeing\\nall the slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing\\nsome and leaving others alone, I would do that.\\n18. In the minds of both Lincoln and Grant there was but\\nlittle sentiment concerning slavery as an institution, but after\\nthe emancipation they very naturally accepted all the honor\\nwhich the North and England showered down upon them and\\nentered heartily into plans for the safe adjustment of the\\nmatters that the sudden enfranchisement involved.\\n19. Such, my young friends, were the causes and conse-\\nquences of the institution of slavery in Georgia. For half a\\ncentury it had proved a blessing to both races. A blessing to\\nthe negro because it had brought him from a savage state to\\nsemi-civilization, and had elevated his children and given them\\na chance to live as human beings and to worship God as\\nChristians. A blessing to the white race because it cleared up\\nthe forests, advanced agriculture and built railroads. But, as", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0145.jp2"}, "146": {"fulltext": "124 HISTORY OF (iEORGlA.\\nthe years rolled on, it seemed to be manifest that the institution\\nhad run its course, and that the time was near at hand when it\\nwould cease to be a blessing to either race. Long before the\\nwar its doom was inevitable, for even had secession succeeded\\nslavery could not have been maintained against the convictions\\nof the unfriendly North and of the nations that sympathized\\nwith her.\\n20. Why this wonderful change in the status of four million\\nslaves had to be baptized in blood and in tears to make it a\\nreality, is known only to that Providence who doeth all things\\nwell. We might as well ask why Cain was permitted to kill\\nAbel, or why Napoleon was permitted to ravage Europe and\\ndestroy millions of lives.\\n21. But the negro was safe during the entire struggle.\\nWhether he remained at home or fled he was in no danger.\\nHe seemed to have no deep concern about his freedom or a\\ncontinuation of his bondage. Thousands of them followed\\ntheir young masters in the war, and many of them were\\ncaptured, but few remained in the Northern lines. Gwine\\nback to Dixie, was their song. Never was such mutual\\naffection shown between master and servant never such proof\\nthat in the main the master was kind and the servant loyal.\\nDuring the four bloody years when our men were in the field\\nand their wives, mothers and daughters were unprotected at\\nhome, not a single act of violence was heard of from the\\nPotomac to the Rio Grande. As General Jackson so beautifully\\nsaid, They deserve a monument that should reach the stars,\\nand on it I would inscribe To the loyalty of the slaves of the\\nConfederate States during the years 1862, 63 and 64.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0146.jp2"}, "147": {"fulltext": "THE CONDITION OF THE NEGRO AS A SLAVE. 1 25\\nCHAPTER XXXIV.\\nTHE CONDITION OF THE NEGRO AS A SLAVE.\\n1. An influential number of tlie Northern people were\\nFederalists from principle. That is, they were followers of\\nAlexander Hamilton, who wanted a strong central government,\\nand would prefer to wipe out state lines and state rights rather\\nthan not have it. Many of their ambitious men were political\\nenemies of the South because Jefferson, Madison, Monroe,\\nCalhoun, Jackson and other Southern men remained in power\\nso long and controlled the patronage of the Government. But\\nthe enmity of the common people arose from a sympathy for\\nthe negro. They knew nothing about him or his condition, for\\nthey never visited us, but they believed all that the political\\nleaders told them. When the war came they rushed into it\\nwith an intense excitement. They expected the slaves to\\nwelcome them at the border with their hands outstretched and\\nto join with them in a strike for their own freedom.\\n2. But this sympathy for the slave, which armed so many\\nmen and gathered so much money, had no substantial founda-\\ntion, for there was no happier race of people upon earth\\nthan the negroes of the South. Their average condition was\\ninfinitely better than that of the poor who lived in the slums\\nof the great cities of the North. They had all the necessaries\\nof life and many of its comforts, and in the main were more\\nindependent and had less care, less responsibility than their\\nmasters. Young negroes grew up to manhood with the children\\nof their master, frolicked with them by day and hunted with\\nthem by night. They had their corn-shuckings, their harvest\\nsuppers and their Christmas dances, and their merry laugh\\nwas always heard, in the field by day and at the fireside by\\nnight. The masters were almost universally kind^ ^kind from\\ngood policy if nothing else. It was as much to their interest", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0147.jp2"}, "148": {"fulltext": "126 THE HLSTORV OF GEORGIA.\\nto keep their slaves in good condition as it was to protect and\\nnourish their horses and cows. It was rare to see a puny,\\nsickly negro child, or one that was malformed or diseased.\\nCorn bread, pot liquor, big hominy and plenty of grease saved\\ndoctors bills. There was a trusting companionship between the\\nyoung people of both races, but the color line was drawn and\\ndominion was on one side and obedience on the other.\\n3. All the great writers on political economy agree, that a\\nhealthy increase of population depends mainly upon the thrift\\nand contentment of the people. Never did a race increase\\nfaster than the slaves of the South. Nowhere was such ripe\\nold age to be found among the parents. Good food was\\nabundant on the plantations and comfortable clothing came\\nfrom the home-made loom and spinning-wheel. Negro infants\\nand children were always cared for by their master and\\nmistress, and so were the aged ones who had served out their\\nday and were too old to work. Simple medicines and good\\nphysicians were near at hand, and the negro was almost without\\ncare or apprehension. The marriage relation was enforced\\namong them and divorces were unknown. They multiplied\\nrapidly, in many cases the parents living to see more than a\\nhundred descendants. One case in Carolina is well authenti-\\ncated where the female ancestor lived to be 104 years old, and\\nhad, when she died, about 1000 descendants. She became a\\nmother at 15, had 22 children when 45, and 200 grandchildren\\nand great-grandchildren when 75. How does this picture\\ncompare with such exceptional cases as those made in Uncle\\nTom s Cabin Whenever there was cruelty on the part of\\nthe master, it became a matter of public concern. Neither the\\ncourts nor the grand juries would tolerate it. Public opinion\\nwas against it, and the South has always been proud that\\nnowhere upon earth were a people to be found who were more\\nsensitive to the touch of humanity. Of course there were\\nmany bad negroes, and bad negroes had to be punished, and\\nthey were sometimes put upon the block and sold, but as a", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0148.jp2"}, "149": {"fulltext": "THE CONDITION OF THE NEGRO AS A SLAVE. 12/\\nrule families were kept together, and when their master died\\nand division had to be made among the children, they were\\ndivided by families. If they were sold by the administrator\\nto pay debts, they were sold by families, and in most cases\\nthey had chosen their masters before the sale. Separation of\\nfamilies was the exception and a rare occurrence. In the\\nmain, the relation of master and slave was one of tenderness\\nand humanity. Let these facts go down into history and our\\npeople be vindicated.\\n4. But every distinct race of human beings has its peculiar\\ntraits. The Indian is marked for the strength of his friendship\\nand his undying revenge. He will travel miles to reward a\\nfriend who has been kind to him, and he will do the same\\nthing to take revenge upon an enemy. The negro will do\\nneither. His animal passions and appetites are strong, but\\nhis resentment and his sense of gratitude for favors are weak.\\nHe has but a limited idea of conscience, and less of remorse.\\nHe is a faithful and willing servant, a good companion, a trusty\\nmessenger, and he enjoys an emotional religion that condones\\nevery offence and makes him happy. The race traits of the\\nfull blooded African for pilfering were known to their old\\nmasters in slavery times, and were kept under restraint by\\nreasonable punishment. A propensity to small pilfering or\\ntaking things as they call it, seems to be born in the negro.\\nWith but few exceptions, the confidential servants, the cooks,\\nthe nurses, the house boys and the waiting maids, will take\\nthings from their employers. Their religion does not prevent\\nit. Forty per cent of the negro criminals are members of the\\nchurch. Education does not eradicate it. Indeed, the kind of\\neducation they get seems rather to stimulate it, for out of 1744\\ncolored convicts in our prisons, 965 are there for larceny in\\nsome form, and most of them can read and write; 141 7 are\\nunder thirty years of age and of course knew nothing of\\nslavery. The old negroes who were trained while in bond-\\nage by good masters, are not in the chain gang, and it is", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0149.jp2"}, "150": {"fulltext": "128 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\npitiful to hear them lament in sorrow over the sins of their\\nchildren.\\n5. It is safe to say that five times the present number would\\nbe in the chain gang if the laws were enforced against the\\nrising generation. But they are not. Town marshals and\\nemployers are kind to them and make no prosecutions for the\\npetty thefts that occur in every family that hires a negro. The\\nCommissioners Report shows that eight per cent of the negro\\nconvicts are serving their second term for a repetition of\\nthe crime for which they were first punished. It is indeed\\nalarming that the number of criminals is on the increase.\\nThe rate far outruns the increase in population. Two hundred\\nand forty-six prisoners have been added to the chain gang within\\nthe last two years 246 more than the number of discharges.\\n6. And yet these crimes are not heinous nor malicious, for\\nthe negro rarely steals very valuable things, knowing them to\\nbe valuable. It is with him a race trait and is even more\\nmarked than the trait which inclines the white race to cheat, or\\noverreach, or deceive in trading. The difference is that the\\nnegro suffers less shame at being caught, and neither his\\nreligious standing nor his social position is disturbed. This\\ntrait was kept subdued when the negroes were in slavery.\\nThere were then 200 white convicts in the penitentiary and no\\nnesfroes. Now there are less than 200 whites and over 2000\\nnegroes, if we include the county convicts that are not in\\ncharo^e of the commissioner. In the old times the master\\nadjusted the larceny business at home, just as he settled\\nthe sins of his children. But there were no chains, no\\nmanacles, no starvation, no bloodhounds; no stripes that put\\nthe offender s life in peril. Look at the old-time negroes who\\nare still left us as witnesses, and listen to their praises of their\\nold masters and mistresses, and of their young master who\\nwent to the war.\\n7. Their natural contentment and total lack of apprehension\\nabout the future is another race trait, and is as marked as the", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0150.jp2"}, "151": {"fulltext": "WHY GEORGIA WITHDREW FROM THE UNION. 1 29\\ndiscontent, the restlessness and the ambition of the white race.\\nThis trait will forever keep them from amassing wealth, and\\nfrom securing any appreciable degree of independence. They\\nwill continue to be servants and vassals of the superior race.\\nEducation has not improved their industry or their morals.\\nJust as a higher education has unfitted many of the whites for\\nthe ordinary callings and occupations of life, so has it unfitted\\na much larger proportion of the negro race for the labor for\\nwhich their muscular forms seem fitted. It is well, probably,\\nthat all people have a chance to soar among the stars, but few\\ncan ever reach them, and the edict of the Garden is still in\\nforce, By the sweat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread.\\n8. The survivors of the slaves and their descendants are\\nwith us yet, and but for the continued and persistent efforts of\\nsome Northern politicians to use them for political advantages,\\nthey would be contented with their condition. They have\\nbeen sorely tempted, sorely tried, but have at last realized that\\nthe North does not want them as neighbors, and that their\\nbest friends are nearer home. They now constitute forty-\\nseven per cent of our population. Those on the farms who\\nlive and labor under the control and assistance of generous\\nlandlords, suffer no want, have the privileges of schools and\\nchurches, and are content with their condition. Those who\\nhave gathered in the large cities, have as a general rule\\nacquired all the vices that a crowded population engenders,\\nand from these cities come most of the convicts that make up\\nthe colored army in our chain gangs.\\nCHAPTER XXXV.\\nWHY GEORGIA WITHDREW FROM THE UNION.\\nI. About the year 1850, the utterances of Northern philan-\\nthropists against slavery, became more manifest and there began\\nto be heard mutterings and threats. Unscrupulous politicians", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0151.jp2"}, "152": {"fulltext": "130 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nalways seek a hobby whereon to ride into power. They manu-\\nfacture great wrongs and outrages, and feed the prejudices of\\nthe common people. All admit that this element was not\\nwanting in the North, and was no doubt responsible in part for\\nthe formation of a sectional party, branching out under different\\nnames, such as the Disunion party, the Republican party, the\\nFriends of Freedom, and the Abolition party, all of which came\\nto be known, in 1856, as the Republican party. This was the\\nfirst sectional party in the history of the Union. Garrison and\\nPhillips, the New England agitators, were for disunion.\\nGarrison had a public burning of the Constitution, and in a\\nFourth of July speech, said, The Union is a lie let us up\\nwith the flag of disunion. Phillips said, The Constitution\\nof our fathers was a mistake. Let us tear it to pieces and\\nmake a better one. The excitement over Kansas thoroughly\\naroused all the anti-slavery elements. Emigrant societies were\\norganized to fill up that territory and keep it from being made\\na slave state. Large sums of money were raised. Arms and\\nammunition were purchased, and large companies of men were\\ndispatched. A prominent leader in Kansas was the notorious\\nJohn Brown, afterwards hanged in Virginia for his attack upon\\nHarper s Ferry. Though men have differed widely about John\\nBrown, we cannot look upon him as anything but a fanatic,\\ndesperate and at least half mad. At this time even churches\\nwere not slow to incite bloodshed. Henry Ward Beecher\\ndeclared from his pulpit that Sharp s Rifles were better than\\nBibles, and that it was a crime to shoot at a slaveholder and\\nnot hit him.\\n2. The North was everywhere being educated for the war.\\nJoshua Giddings of Ohio, another prominent leader, said I\\nlook forward to the day when I shall see a servile insurrection\\nin the South, when the black man, supplied with bayonets,\\nshall wage a war of extermination against the whites, when the\\nmaster shall see his dwelling in flames and his hearth polluted,\\nand though I may not mock at their calamity, yet I shall hail\\nit as the dawn of a political millennium.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0152.jp2"}, "153": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0153.jp2"}, "154": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0154.jp2"}, "155": {"fulltext": "WHY GEORGIA WITHDREW FROM THE UNION. 1 33\\n3. The Helper Book, of 300 pages, was published as a\\ncampaign document. It was full of such anathemas as Slave-\\nholders are more criminal than murderers, and The negroes\\nwill be delighted at the opportunity to cut their masters\\nthroats.\\n4. Senator Wilson of Massachusetts, attended a public\\nmeeting where it was resolved that it is the duty of the\\nNorthern people to incite the slaves to resistance. Horace\\nGreeley said, History will accord an honorable niche to old\\nJohn Brown, and Emerson said that John Brown s gallows\\nwas as glorious as the cross.\\n5. Now all this time General Grant was a slave-owner, and\\nlived off their hire. Lincoln s kindred in Kentucky were slave-\\nowners, and the slaves of the South were working peacefully\\nand happily in the fields by day, hunting or fishing by night,\\nmaking brooms or foot mats or baskets, perhaps playing\\nmarbles at noon, or seining on Saturday evenings, and as\\ninnocent of all this excitement as children unborn. But the\\ncrusade went on. The zeal of the abolitionists was unrelenting.\\n6. In 1852 Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, sister of the\\nReverend Henry Ward Beecher, wrote a book called Uncle\\nTom s Cabin, which was intended to fire the Northern heart\\nagainst slavery, and such was the pitiful story told that it\\nsucceeded beyond her most sanguine expectations. This\\nromance was in no respect a typical relation of the condition\\nof the Southern slave, but the Northern people believed it and\\nset the Southerners down as barbarians who knew no mercy.\\nThe pulpit and the press took up the book and it was made at\\nthe same time a text for the philanthropist and a weapon for\\nthe politicians. The common people, who in the main were\\nsincere though ill-informed, believed all that was said or\\nwritten against the South, and when the war began they were\\nripe for the conflict. But few of the Northern people had ever\\nvisited the South and remained long enough to witness and\\nunderstand the true relation of the slave to his master. Those\\nwho came to stay soon comprehended it and were reconciled", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0155.jp2"}, "156": {"fulltext": "134 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nto the patriarchial relation, and grew to be our fast friends.\\nThey either hired or owned slaves, and when the war came\\nthey affiliated with us and sustained us heroically against the\\ninvasions and exactions of their Northern brethren. There\\nwas hardly an exception to this in all the land, and these men\\nwere generally of a high order of intelligent manhood. They\\nwere the presidents of our colleges, the teachers of our schools,\\nthe editors of our newspapers. Some of them were upon the\\nbench of our highest courts and some were our foremost pulpit\\norators. They remonstrated and entreated, but their pleadings\\nwere in vain. Never was an institution more misunderstood,\\nnever a good people so maligned. Between the cries of The\\nUnion, the Union, The Slave, the Slave, the South suddenly\\nrealized that she had no friends beyond her limits, and must\\nbefriend and defend herself.\\n7. As for the battle cry of The Union, the South could\\nsee nothing in it but a theory and a threat of force. In the\\nopinion of the ablest men of the South and many in the North\\nthe thirteen original states came together in a compact, a\\ncopartnership for mutual protection against foreign foes. It\\nwas never conceived that they could not separate for cause,\\nwhen the cause came. This question has now been settled by\\nforce, but the South recognizes that the results of the war have\\nsettled it against the doctrine of state rights as maintained by\\nCalhoun, Troup, Cobb, Joe Brown, Toombs, and hundreds\\nof the greatest and best writers on this question.\\n8. Jefferson had said, The states may withdraw their\\ndelegated powers. Madison said, The states themselves\\nmust be the judges whether the bargain has been preserved\\nor broken. Chief Justice Chase said, If a state should\\nwithdraw and resume her powers, I know of no remedy to\\nprevent it. Edward Everett said, To expect to hold fifteen\\nstates in the Union by force is preposterous. If our sister\\nstates must leave us, in the name of Heaven let them go.\\nHorace Greeley said in the jyibu/ie, three days before South", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0156.jp2"}, "157": {"fulltext": "WHY GEORGIA WITHDREW FROM THE UNION. 1 35\\nCarolina seceded, The Declaration of Independence justifies\\nher in doing so, and after other states had seceded he said,\\nWayward sisters, depart in peace. It was not treason, and\\nwhen it was proposed to try Jefferson Davis after the surrender\\nfor high treason, the greatest lawyers of the North advised\\nagainst it, and assured the government that he could not\\nbe convicted, for no one could be convicted of treason for\\nseceding.\\n9. The South saw that it was useless to cry peace when\\nthere was no peace. Compromise after compromise had been\\noffered by Crittenden and Douglas and other conservative\\nstatesmen, but all were rejected, and at last, when Lincoln\\nwas elected on a sectional platform, and while the North was\\nsinging, John Brown s body lies mouldering in the grave,\\nthe Southern members withdrew from the Congress of the\\nnation and came home for counsel. It seemed that it was\\nbetter to separate in peace than to remain longer in discord.\\nSouth Carolina was the first to break the chain, Georgia\\nfollowed. The Southern people did not doubt the right of\\nsecession, but many good men doubted its policy. Even\\nDaniel Webster, the great expounder, said in his last great\\nspeech at Capon Springs the year before he died, I repeat\\nthat if the Northern states refuse wilfully and deliberately to\\ncarry into effect that part of the Constitution which respects\\nthe restoration of fugitive slaves, and Congress provides no\\nremedy, the South would not longer be bound to observe the\\ncompact. A bargain cannot be broken on one side and still\\nbind the other side.\\n10. The Northern states did refuse and Congress provided\\nno remedy. Hence the Southern states withdrew from the\\nUnion, withdrew peaceably, claiming nothing but what was on\\ntheir soil and leaving to the North the capital and all the\\nnation s treasures. ik-*\\n11. This secession resulted speedily in a war, a horrible,\\nterrible war, but the negro did not cut his master s throat nor\\ndefile his hearthstone.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0157.jp2"}, "158": {"fulltext": "136 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCHAPTER XXXVI.\\nTHE COMMON PEOPLE AND THE ARISTOCRACY.\\n1. Before the late war there were two distinct types of Anglo-\\nSaxon civilization occupying the Southern states, especially\\nthose states lying east of the Mississippi River. They were\\nthe common people and the aristocracy. While these classes\\nintermingled and sometimes intermarried, the line was plainly\\nmarked and seemed to grow more visible as the years rolled\\non. The institution of slavery helped to keep it bright.\\n2. It was not a line between the poor and rich, nor between\\nthe ignorant and the educated, nor between slave-holders and\\nnon-slave-holders. It was not a political line dividing the\\nWhigs from the Democrats, but nevertheless it was a line which\\nall of these helped to make, and it gradually grew into one of\\nsocial equality, or inequality. The toilers did not often mate\\nwith the aristocrats nor intrude upon them socially. Indeed,\\nthey occupied for the most part, different sections of the state,\\nthe common people settling in the mountain region or down in\\nthe piney woods, while the wealthier class lived in middle\\nGeorgia, or on the coast, where their slaves could grow cotton\\nand rice to advantage.\\n3. These common people had settled down in advance of\\nthe schoolmaster and long before railroads were built, so their\\nchildren grew up without education, and their only chance for\\nlearning was a mother s love and solicitude. She would teach\\nthem all that she had not forgotten she always does. The\\nfather may be educated but he will not trouble himself to teach\\nhis children. He is too busy by day, too tired at night.\\nBefore the war there were in north Georgia at least two gener-\\nations that had grown up with but a limited education in\\nfact, with none to speak of, for it was rare to find a man among\\nthem who could read or write. It was history repeating itself.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0158.jp2"}, "159": {"fulltext": "THE COMMON PEOPLE AND THE ARISTOCRACY. 1 3/\\nDaniel Boone could read, but his children could not. The\\nyear before the war the percentage of illiteracy in Georgia was\\ntwenty-six. Twenty-six white persons over eight years of age\\nin every hundred could neither read nor write. This was for\\nthe whole state but in some of the mountain counties the\\naverage was sixty-six. The itinerant preacher had been there,\\nbut not the schoolmaster. The rude people had been taught\\nhow to live and how to die. Their morals had been preserved\\nbut not their manners.\\n4. The cotter s Saturday night in old Scotland was not more\\nhumbly devotional than the gathering of these rough people at\\nthe log church on a Sabbath morning. There were none to\\nmolest or make them afraid. They came as best they could\\non foot, on horseback, or in the farm-wagon. They came in\\nfamilies, parents and children. They sat upon the puncheon\\nseats and devoutly listened as the preacher stretched forth his\\narms and said Let us worship God. It is a lasting tribute\\nto these people that while their percentage of illiteracy was\\nsixty-six, their percentage of crime was only two in one\\nthousand adults. In portions of the North where illiteracy is\\nfrom four to six per cent., crime seems to have increased in an\\ninverse ratio, for as illiteracy decreases crime increases, unless\\nmorality and religion are taught in the schools. And so since\\nthe war, when railroads and revenue laws have penetrated the\\nmountain homes of these people, crime has been on the\\nincrease, and the moonshiner has become an outlaw. There\\nwas a time when his father and his grandfather distilled their\\nfruit in a limited and honest way, and worshipped God, and\\nviolated no law. There was a time when there were no locks\\non their doors, and the stranger always found a welcome a\\ntime when there were no hip-pockets for deadly weapons, when\\njails were empty, and half the week was sufficient to clear the\\ncourt-house docket.\\n5. There was a time when these men so loved their country\\nthat on the first alarm they picked their flints, shouldered", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0159.jp2"}, "160": {"fulltext": "138 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\ntheir rifles and hurried to General Jackson s call or, later, to\\nfight the Indians in Florida or, still later, to old Virginia to\\ndefend what they believed to be their rights under the Consti-\\ntution. What a mistake to say these men were fighting for\\nslavery, when not one in a hundred owned a slave when in a\\nsingle county that sent twelve companies to the war there were\\nless than a hundred negroes when in the entire state only\\nfourteen per cent, of the tax-payers were slave-owners. But\\nthey fought. They fought as their forefathers did who resisted\\na little tax on tea, though not one in a thousand drank it.\\nCHAPTER XXXVII.\\nTHE COMMON PEOPLE AND THE ARISTOCRACY, CONTINUED.\\n1. The aristocracy of the South was before the war mainly\\nan aristocracy of wealth, education and dominion. Either of\\nthese gives power and influence. All of them combined lift\\na man above the toilers and command their respect as well\\nas their envy. The aristocrats were generally gentlemen of\\neducation, refinement, manners and a sentiment of adjusting\\npersonal conflicts by the code of honor. Money helps to\\nestablish their title, of course, but it is not absolutely essential.\\nIndeed, it is possible that there are rich common people and\\npoor aristocrats. The results of the war developed many of\\nboth classes. Our cities are full of the former, and they are\\ngenerally the leading men in mercantile business and industrial\\npursuits. The old time aristocrats esteemed themselves to be\\ngentlemen, and generally they were. They were of good stock\\nand thoroughbred. Whether one was riding or walking you\\ncould tell him by his carriage- by the vehicle he rode in or\\nthe measured dignity with which he walked about.\\n2. That vehicle was as unique as a Chinaman s palanquin.\\nIt did not rest on elliptical springs, but was swung high", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0160.jp2"}, "161": {"fulltext": "THE COMMON PEOPLE AND THE ARISTOCRACY. 1 39\\nbetween four half circles, and the dickey, or driver s seat, was\\nperched still higher, and the driver s bell-crowned hat was the\\nfirst thing that came in sight as the equipage rose into view\\nfrom over a distant hill. There were two folding staircases\\nto this vehicle and nobody but an aristocratic lady could ascend\\nor descend them with aristocratic grace. The gentleman who\\nwas born and bred to this luxury was a king in his way\\nlimited it is true, but nevertheless a king. His house was not\\na palace, but it was large and roomy, having a broad hall\\nand massive chimneys and a verandah ornamented with tall\\nCorinthian columns. This mansion was generally situated in\\na grove of venerable oaks. It was set back 100 or 200 yards\\nfrom the big road, and the lane that led to its hospitable gate\\nwas enfiladed with cedars or lombardy poplars. Fragments\\nof the cedars are still left, but the poplars died with the\\nold South. They died at the top very like their owners.\\nProminent in the rear of this mansion was the old gin house\\nwith the spacious circus ground underneath where the horses\\nwent round and round under the great cog-wheels, and the\\nlittle darkies rode on the beams and popped their home-made\\nwhips. Not far away were the negro cabins and the orchard\\nand the big family garden, and all around were fowls and pigs\\nand pigeons and honey bees and hound dogs and pickaninnies\\nto keep things lively. The owner of this plant was a gentleman\\nand was so regarded by the neighbors. He was a nobleman\\nwithout the title of nobility. He had been through college\\nand to New York and to Saratoga and had come back and\\nmarried another gentleman s daughter and settled down. The\\nold folks on both sides had given them a start and built the\\nmansion and sent over a share of the family negroes to\\nmultiply and replenish.\\n3. He dressed well and carried a gold-headed cane and a\\nmassive watch and chain that were made of pure gold at\\nGeneva. There was a seal attached a heavy prismatic seal\\nthat had his monogram. The manner in which he toyed with", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0161.jp2"}, "162": {"fulltext": "140 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nthis chain and seal was one of the visible signs of a gentleman.\\nIt was as significant as the motion of a lady s fan. The old\\ngentleman s company suit was a navy blue swallow-tail coat\\nornamented with plain brass buttons that were kept bright and\\nburnished; a pair of trousers to match and a white Marseilles\\nwaistcoat. When these were set off with a beaver hat, a ruffled\\nshirt and a bandana handkerchief, the visible make-up of the\\ngentleman was complete.\\n4. Most of these old-time gentlemen kept what was called\\nopen house, and all who came were welcome. There was no\\nneed to send word that you were coming, for food and shelter\\nwere always ready. The old gentleman called for Dick or\\nJack or Caisar to come and take the horses, put them up and\\nfeed them. There was plenty of corn and fodder in the crib,\\nplenty of big fat hams and leaf-lard in the smoke-house,\\nplenty of turkeys and chickens in the back yard, plenty of\\npreserves in the pantry, plenty of trained servants to do all\\nthe work while the lady of the house entertained her guests.\\nHow proud were those family servants to show off before the\\nvisitors and display their accomplishments in the kitchen, the\\ndining-room and the bed-chamber. They shared the family\\nstanding in the community and had but little respect for what\\nthey called the poor white trash of the neighborhood.\\n5. This old-time gentleman had a rich man s way even\\nthough he was financially embarassed. His name was in the\\ngrand jury box, never in the petit jury box. That would have\\nbeen an indignity that would have been resented. There was\\nno line of demarkation between the common people and\\naristocracy that was more rigidly drawn than the one that\\nseparated the grand jury from the petit jury. The aristocrats\\nnot only held all the prominent offices, but they were colonels\\nand majors of the militia. Almost all of the professional men\\ncame from this aristocratic stock. They were generally Whigs\\nin politics, and were the patrons of high schools and colleges,\\nand stocked the learned professions with an annual crop of", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0162.jp2"}, "163": {"fulltext": "THE COMMON PEOPLE AND THE ARISTOCRACY. I4I\\ngraduates who were intensely loyal to Henry Clay, Fillmore,\\nToombs, Stephens, John Bell and the code of honor. They\\nhad wealth, dignity and leisure, and Solomon says that in\\nleisure there is wisdom, and so these men became our law-\\nmakers, our jurists, our statesmen, and they were the shining\\nlights in the councils of the nation. But it was an aristocracy\\nthat was exclusive. It had shut out and overshadowed the\\nmasses of the common people, just as a broad spreading oak\\novershadows and withers the undergrowth beneath it.\\n6. Of course these aristocrats were not all Whigs. There\\nwere many distinguished exceptions, such as the Jacksons, the\\nCobbs, the Colquitts and the Lumpkins, who were Democrats,\\nthough of aristocratic birth. Governor Brown was the first\\nillustrious statesman to come up from among the common\\npeople and stay with them and lead them, as Moses led the\\nchildren of Israel. His whole political life has been a fight\\nagainst banks and monopolies, and the power and corruption\\nthat comes from large fortunes and favoritism.\\n7. The result of the war was a fearful fall to the aristocracy\\nof Georgia. They lost many of their noble sons in the army,\\nand their property soon after. The extent of their misfortunes\\nno one will ever know, for the heart only knoweth its own\\nbitterness. Many of them suffered and were strong, but the\\nmajority gave up to despondency and their children were left\\nto scuffle for themselves. The collapse to them was awful.\\nThey had not been raised to exercise self-denial or economy,\\nand it was humiliating in the extreme for them to have to\\ndescend to the level of the common people. But they did it,\\nand did it heroically. And so in the course of time this line\\nof demarkation between the common people and the old\\naristocracy began to fade. Finally it passed away. A new\\nand a hardier stock came to the front, that class which before\\nthe war was under a cloud. The results of the war made an\\nopening for them and developed their latent energies. With\\nno high degree of culture, they nevertheless proved equal to", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0163.jp2"}, "164": {"fulltext": "142 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nthe struggle up the rough hill of life, and began to build up\\n\\\\vhat the war had pulled down. They began at the bottom,\\njust where the war found them and where it left them. They\\nhad been reared to work, and their practical energy was soon\\nfollowed by thrift and a general recovery of wasted fields and\\nfenceless farms. These men now constitute, in the main, the\\nsolid men of the state, and have contributed largely to the\\nbuilding up of schools and churches and factories and rail-\\nroads. They are the modern self-made Southerners, a class\\nthat forms a striking contrast to the dignity and repose of the\\nold patriarchs whose beautiful homes adorned the hills and\\ngroves of the South before the war.\\n8. But the children of these old patriarchs had to come\\ndown some, and the children of the common people came up\\nsome, and they have met upon a common plain, and are now\\nworking happily together, both in social and business life.\\nSpirit and blood have united with energy and muscle and it\\nmakes a good team the best all-round team the South\\nhas ever had.\\nCHAPTER XXXVIII.\\nTHE LITERATURE OF GEORGIA.\\n1. Considering that Georgia is half a century younger than\\nher sisters of the colonial states, her advance in literature has\\nbeen more rapid than any of them. What she has done has\\nnot been voluminous, but it has been done well and is widely\\nvaried.\\n2. In historic writing and antiquarian research the late\\nColonel Charles C. Jones of Augusta, stands at the head\\na gentleman of the highest literary culture. His history of\\nGeorgia as a colony and her struggles for independence are\\nof great value and will compare favorably with the life works", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0164.jp2"}, "165": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0165.jp2"}, "166": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0166.jp2"}, "167": {"fulltext": "THE LITERATURE OF GEORGIA. I45\\nof Prescott and Bancroft. Reverend William Bacon Stevens\\nhas also written a comprehensive history of the state. The late\\nwork by Professor Lawton B. Evans intended for the schools,\\nis an admirable compilation and composition. Alexander H.\\nStephens has also a school history of the war between the\\nstates, and Colonel I. W. Avery has a most delightful history\\nof Georgia that covers secession and the war and the recon-\\nstruction period. It reads like a romance and is as graphically\\nwritten as Macaiilaf s History of Eiiglafid. Professor Derry and\\nMiss Fields have each written a most excellent history of the\\nUnited States, and Miss Rutherford s and Professor Sandford s\\ntext-books are standards in the schools. Mrs. Cooper has\\ngiven the schools an admirable work on botany. But for\\npainstaking research and facts in detail White s Statistics and\\nWhite s Historical Collections are the most useful books for\\nreference that have been compiled.\\n3. In the field of biography there are many entertaining\\nworks. The Life of AIexa7ider H. Stephens by Cleveland and\\nanother by Richard M. Johnston, The Life of Linto7i Stephens\\nby Waddell, The Life of Robert Too77ibs by Stovall, and The\\nLife of Ben Hill by his son, are all interesting historical\\ntreasures.\\n4. In the domain of fiction and romance Mrs. Wilson\\n(Augusta Evans) takes the lead. She is Georgia born. Mrs.\\nMary E. Bryan has written much of a high order, and William\\nHenry Peek and Henry W. Hilliard have written some superior\\nromances, and Reverend F. R. Goulding s Young Marooners\\nwill go along with every generation of children.\\n5. In poetry there is a lavish affluence and many of our\\npoets rank well with the best of the century. Beginning with\\nRichard Henry Wilde, the gifted author of My Life is like the\\nSH7?wier Rose, we come down the line of years to General\\nHenry R. Jackson, Paul H. Hayne, Father Ryan, James R.\\nRandall, Charles W. Hubner, Sidney Lanier, Doctor F. O.\\nTichnor and last, but not least, our own Frank L. Stanton.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0167.jp2"}, "168": {"fulltext": "146 THE lllSTURV OF GEORGIA.\\n6. In the field of humor Georgia has long been pre-eminent.\\nBeginning with Judge Longstreet and his inimitable Georgia\\nScenes, we come down to Colonel William Thompson and his\\nMajor Jones Courtship, then to Colonel Richard M. Johnston\\nand his Dukeshoro Talcs, and still later to Joel Chandler Harris\\nof world-wide fame. We also have Harry Edwards and\\nMaurice Thompson and M. M. Folsom who entertain the\\nreading public with occasional contributions to the press.\\n7. Of public speakers no state has, since the war, had greater\\nthan Toombs, Ben Hill, Brown, Black, Stephens, Colquitt,\\nGordon, Doctor Miller, Doctor Felton, and last and youngest,\\nHenry W. Grady.\\n8. But among all the notable men of Georgia, none deserve\\nmore special mention than her long line of educators. They\\nbegin with Joseph Meigs, the first President of Franklin\\nCollege (now the State University at Athens) who was a\\nlineal descendant of Return Jonathan Meigs of revolutionary\\nfame. He was succeeded by Reverend Moses Waddell, who\\nwas the preceptor of John C. Calhoun, Hugh S. Legare, James\\nL. Pettigrew, Alexander H. Stephens, and many others who\\nbecame distinguished in after years. Mr. Waddell married a\\nsister of John C. Calhoun. Reverend Alonzo Church was\\nanother president of the same institution, and the eminent\\nbrothers, Joseph and John LeConte were professors there.\\n9. In charge of other institutions are to be mentioned\\nIgnatius Few and Judge Longstreet of Emory College. Judge\\nLongstreet was a man of extraordinary talents, and whatever\\nhe did was done easily and well. He was the son of William\\nLongstreet, the inventor, who applied steam to boats before\\nFulton did. His versatile genius made him a great man in\\nmany ways, and whether as a law-maker or a judge or an\\neditor or a teacher or a preacher or in the art of conversation\\nor as the author of Georgia Scenes, his work was a success.\\nIt was a comfort to know him in the vigor of his splendid\\nmanhood, and also in his dignified decay, when, with feeble", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0168.jp2"}, "169": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE STATE. 147\\nand tottering steps he frequented the sanctum of the Columbus\\nEnquirer and wielded his masterly pen for the rights of the\\nstates. How much of life he lived. Judge of his circuit when\\nonly thirty years of age; editor of the Augusta Sejitinel, which\\nin 1838 consolidated with the Chronicle; then a Methodist\\nminister stationed in Augusta, then President of Emory\\nCollege for nine years, then President of the Centenary\\nCollege in Louisiana, then President of Oxford Universityj\\nand last, the President of Columbia College, South Carolina;\\nand all this time writing often and ably for religious papers\\nand literary magazines and agricultural and political journals.\\nAll this for solid mental food, besides the Georgia Sce?ies and\\nMaster William Mitten, for a dessert. The late Justice Lamar\\nwas a graduate of Emory and married Judge Longstreet s\\ndaughter.\\n10. Reverend Atticus Haygood was also a President of\\nEmory College, and no Georgian has made a greater repu-\\ntation since the war as a writer on religious and ethical\\nsubjects.\\n11. In other institutions and in private schools were\\nNathaniel Beman, Richard Malcolm Johnston, Simpson\\nFouche, the Battles and Caldwells and Howards, all of\\nwhom have left their impress upon this generation.\\nCHAPTER XXXIX.\\nCONDITION OF THE STATE.\\nI. The State of Georgia extends from the 35th parallel of\\nNorth latitude southward to the latitude of 30\u00c2\u00b0 22 Its\\nlongitude West from Greenwich is from 80\u00c2\u00b0 52 to 84\u00c2\u00b0 45 20\\nor, West from Washington city, from 3\u00c2\u00b0 48 40 to 7\u00c2\u00b0 42 20\\nThe greatest length North and South is 320 miles. Its greatest\\nbreadth. East and West, 254 miles.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0169.jp2"}, "170": {"fulltext": "148 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n2. On the North the state is bounded by Tennessee for\\ntwenty-three miles, and by North Carolina sixty-three and one-\\nhalf miles on the East by the Savannah River and the\\nAtlantic Ocean on the South by Florida for 200 miles, and\\non the West by Alabama and Florida.\\n3. Georgia contains 58,000 square miles, or 37,120,000\\nacres. About twenty per cent, of the lands are in cultivation.\\nThe remainder is forest. The geographical center of the state\\nis about twenty miles south of Macon.\\n4. The topography or surface of the state is composed of\\nthree distinct parts. The first is known as the coastal plain,\\nor Southern Georgia, and extends from the Atlantic Ocean\\nnorthwesterly for an average distance of about no miles. A\\nline drawn across the state through Americus, Hawkinsville\\nand Millen, approximates the northern boundary of the\\ncoastal plain.\\n5. This part of the state is low, and generally flat, or very\\nslightly undulating, and rises very gradually from the sea-coast.\\nIts elevation above the sea is from 10 to 250 feet.\\n6. The second part may be designated as Middle Georgia,\\nand extends from the upper edge of the coastal plain to a line\\ndrawn across the state about through La Grange and Athens.\\nThis section is hilly, high, well drained, and sloping gradually\\ntowards the coast plain. Its average elevation above the sea\\nis about 650 feet.\\n7. The third section, or North Georgia, extends from the\\nlast-named line to the northern and western boundaries of the\\nstate. It is not only hilly but mountainous, with rapid rivers\\nand long, high ridges and mountain chains. This section\\nranges from 600 to 4800 feet above the sea level.\\n8. All the rivers in Southern and Middle Georgia flow into\\nthe Atlantic Ocean, except the Flint and Suwannee, which flow\\ninto the Gulf of Mexico.\\n9. All the rivers in North Georgia flow into the Gulf of\\nMexico except the Savannah River and branches, which go to", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0170.jp2"}, "171": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE STATE. 1 49\\nthe Atlantic Ocean. The water-shed or ridge that divides the\\nwaters, extends from La Grange northeasterly to Atlanta and\\nGainesville. When it rains in Atlanta part of the water goes\\nto the Ocean and the other part to the Gulf.\\n10. With such differences in the elevation of different parts\\nof the state, we find corresponding differences in the climate\\nor temperature. In North Georgia it is generally cool, slightly\\nwarmer in Middle Georgia, and warmer still as we approach\\nthe lowlands of the coast. But even there the temperature is\\ntempered by the sea breezes, and South Georgia is a delightful\\nplace of residence at all seasons.\\n11. The annual average temperature of the state is 60\\ndegrees. In North Georgia the average summer temperature\\nis 72 degrees the winter 32. In South Georgia the averages\\nare 80 and 52 degrees for summer and winter respectively.\\nThe average yearly rainfall is about 48 inches.\\n12. The three distinct sections of the state show three\\ngeneral classes of soils dark red and chocolate lands, with\\nalluvial soil in the Northern part red clay and gray soils in\\nMiddle Georgia, and sandy alluvial soils in Southern Georgia.\\nThese soils are all productive, as is abundantly shown by the\\nStatistics of Agriculture.\\n13. Southern Georgia is known as the Pine Belt, from\\nthe fact that the natural growth there is mainly the long-leaf\\npine, so valuable for its lumber, turpentine and rosin. Millions\\nof feet of this lumber are shipped every year to all parts of\\nthe world, and taken all together, it is probably the most\\nvaluable tree that grows.\\n14. In Middle Georgia the timber is mostly oak and hickory.\\nThis is purely an agricultural section, and is a rich farming\\nregion.\\n15. In North Georgia the timber is better than in Middle\\nGeorgia, and consists of oak, ash, hickory, poplar, chestnut,\\noak and walnut, and occasional growths of the long-leaf pine\\ngrowing in almost every county.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0171.jp2"}, "172": {"fulltext": "150 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n16. The minerals of Georgia are found almost entirely in\\nNorth Georgia. Gold is mined in paying quantities in a few\\ncounties, especially in Lumpkin County. Copper is found to a\\nconsiderable extent in Paulding County and vicinity. Iron ore\\nabounds in every county in northwest Georgia. Manganese is\\nfound in Floyd, Bartow, Polk and Catoosa counties. Beauxite\\nhas been found in large quantities in Bartow, Floyd and Polk\\ncounties. Asbestos, mica, kaolin, and talc, or soapstone, are\\nfound in large quantities.\\n17. The largest marble quarries in the South are in Pickens\\nCounty, and the best granite in America is that from Stone\\nMountain, near Atlanta. Coal is found in only three counties\\nDade, Walker and Chattooga.\\n18. In South Georgia, the principal products are cotton,\\nrice and sugar-cane.\\n19. In Middle Georgia, cotton, corn and oats, with some\\nwheat and hay.\\n20. In North Georgia, cotton, wheat, rye, peas and hay.\\n21. Fruits grow abundantly in all sections of the state, and\\nthe shipments of peaches, watermelons, grapes and pears, are\\nlarge, and steadily increasing.\\n22. Extending as it does, from a semi-tropical climate at\\nthe sea-coast to a region of comparative cold in the mountains\\nof North Georgia, the state offers every variety of temperature,\\nsoil and products, and its resources, both vegetable and\\nmineral, are more numerous and varied than those of any other\\nstate in the Union.\\n23. The principal rivers of the state are, the Savannah,\\nnavigable 250 miles, from Augusta to Savannah the Ogeechee,\\nnavigable from its mouth to Louisville, 150 miles the Oconee,\\nnavigable from its junction with the Ocmulgee to Milledgeville,\\nabout 200 miles the Ocmulgee, from its junction with Oconee\\nto Macon, about 275 miles the Ocmulgee and the Oconee from\\nthe Altamaha, navigable to Darien, about 80 miles the Flint\\nto Albany, about 250 miles; the Chattahoochee, navigable to", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0172.jp2"}, "173": {"fulltext": "CONDITION OF THE STATE. I5I\\nColumbus, 300 miles the Coosa, 50 miles in Georgia and 150\\nin Alabama the Oostanaula and the Coosawattee from Rome\\nto Carter s Landing, 105 miles.\\n24. There are very many smaller streams, such as the\\nEtowah, the Conasauga, Chicamauga, Ohoopee, Satilla, St.\\nMarys, and others. The state is exceedingly well watered.\\n25. The highest mountains are in North Georgia, Mount\\nEnotah, in Towns county, being the highest, 4796 feet above\\nthe sea level. Bald Mountain, in Rabun County, is 4718 feet\\nhigh. Other very high mountains are Blood Mountain, Yonah,\\nGrassy and Pine Log, with many of less elevation.\\n26. A straight line from the mouth of the Savannah River\\nto the mouth of the St. Marys is only a little more than 100\\nmiles long, but the coast-line is so irregular that the actual\\nlength of coast is more than 400 miles.\\n27. The principal harbors are Savannah, Brunswick, St.\\nMarys and Darien, and others of less depth of water. These\\nfour furnish ample outlet and inlet for the commerce of a\\ndozen states.\\n28. The largest island belonging to Georgia is Cumberland\\nIsland, about thirty miles long and from two to four miles\\nwide. It has the finest sea beach in America. Other islands\\nare St. Simons, Sapelo, Ossabaw, Warsaw, St. Catherines,\\nJekyl, and some smaller ones. They are all low and flat, but\\nare capable of producing fine crops of Sea Island cotton and\\nsugar-cane. Their natural vegetation consists of live oaks,\\npines, palmettos and many tropical plants and vines.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0173.jp2"}, "174": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0174.jp2"}, "175": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0175.jp2"}, "176": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0176.jp2"}, "177": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX\\nThe Georgia Penitentiary, George H. Jones,\\nPrincipal Keeper.\\n1. The Penitentiary of Georgia was until the close of the\\nwar located at Milledgeville. It then had a local habitation,\\nbut now has none. There were massive brick walls and watch-\\ntowers surrounding a large area, within which were the cells,\\nwith grated doors and windows, where the convicts lived.\\nWithin this enclosure there were shops of various kinds for\\nthe manufacture of shoes, wagons, buggies, harness, and other\\nthings, and there was a tan-yard for making leather. The\\nconvicts were all white, not because the whites alone committed\\ncrimes, but the laws provided home punishment for the\\nnegroes.\\n2. When freedom came to the negro and he was declared a\\ncitizen the old penitentiary system had to be abandoned, and\\nthe lease system was substituted in its stead. There was\\nmuch complaint from the mechanics because the convicts\\nworked at their trades and competed with them and the state\\ncould undersell their products. It was also foreseen that\\nunder the new status of the negro, the penitentiary would have\\nto be greatly enlarged and the expense of keeping it up be an\\never-increasing burden upon the state.\\n3. And so the lease system was established and is yet in\\nforce. It has gone through many trials and received much\\nadverse criticism, but so do all systems of punishment that\\ntake away the liberty of the citizen and force him to labor.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0177.jp2"}, "178": {"fulltext": "156 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nHumane people are apt to forget the crime and sympathize\\nwith the criminal.\\n4. But it is believed that with the watchful care that the\\ncrovernor and the state officials exercise over the treatment of\\nthe convicts, they are really better off at outdoor labor than if\\nconfined by day within prison walls and in gloomy cells by\\nnight. The convicts are now located at seventeen perma-\\nnent camps.\\n5. In Dade there are four camps, all under one control, and\\nhaving in charge 631 convicts, all engaged in mining coal and\\nburning coke. The Chattahooche Brick Company have in\\ncharge 604 men, who are mining in Walker County, making\\nbrick in Fulton or milling in Dooly County. James M. Smith\\nhas 203 men, some of whom are on his farm in Oglethorpe,\\nand the remainder at saw-mills in Ware and Dooley counties.\\nT. J. James has 104 men at saw-mills in Johnson County. W.\\nB. Lowe has 342 men at saw-mills in Wilcox, Dodge, Liberty\\nand Pierce Counties.\\n6. The women, numbering fifty-four negroes and two whites,\\nare all worked on a f arm in Elbert County, by Colonel W.\\nH. Maddox.\\n7. There were in camp on ist October, 1892, 1940 convicts,\\nof whom 194 are whites and 17 10 are negroes. Compared\\nwith ist October, 1890, there has been a net increase of 274\\nwithin two years. This increase is wholly colored, the number\\nof white convicts increasing only about as fast as they are\\ndischarged.\\n8. This total of colored convicts does not include a consid-\\nerable number (about 200) who are by special statutes assigned\\nto the control of certain cities and counties for public work,\\nand not included in the Commissioner s report. At present\\nrate of increase of colored convicts there will be in ten years\\nan average of over 3000 to provide for.\\n9. It is worthy of careful consideration that of these colored\\nconvicts there are 700 under twenty-one years of age, 141 7", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0178.jp2"}, "179": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n157\\nunder thirty years of age, and who knew nothing of slavery.\\nOnly eighty-two (or less than five per cent.) are over forty\\nyears. The old ante-bellum slaves are not convicts.\\n10. Of all the colored convicts, 965 are imprisoned for\\nlarceny in some form. Forty-four per cent, are members of\\nthe church in good standing, thirty-seven per cent, can read\\nand write, and eight per cent, are serving a second term.\\nUniversities and Colleges.\\nI. The University of Georgia is located at Athens. From\\ntime to time branch colleges have been added to the university,\\nsubject to its control. These branch colleges are located as\\nfollows:\\nTechnological School,\\nAtlanta,\\nMale.\\nNorth Georgia Agricultural College,\\nDahlonega,\\nMale and Female.\\nSouth Georgia College,\\nThomasville,\\nMale and Female.\\nMiddle Georgia College,\\nMilledgeville,\\nMale and Female.\\nWomans Normal and Industrial College, Milledgeville,\\nFemale.\\nSouth West Georgia College,\\nCuthbert,\\nMale.\\n2. The other most prominent\\ncolleges are:-\\nMercer University,\\nMacon,\\nMale.\\nEmory College,\\nOxford,\\nMale.\\nGainesville College,\\nGainesville,\\nMale and Female.\\nGeorgia Female Seminary,\\nGainesville.\\nMartin Institute,\\nJefferson,\\nMale and Female.\\nChappell College,\\nColumbus,\\nMale and Female.\\nAndrew Female College,\\nCuthbert.\\nLe Vert College,\\nTalbotton,\\nMale and Female.\\nYoung Female College,\\nThomasville.\\nWesleyan Female College,\\nMacon.\\nLucy Cobb Institute,\\nAthens,\\nFemale.\\nHome School,\\nAthens,\\nFemale.\\nAgnes Scott Institute,\\nDecatur,\\nFemale.\\nShorter College,\\nRome,\\nFemale.\\nDalton Female College,\\nDalton.\\nLa Grange Female College,\\nLa Grange.\\nBaptist Female College,\\nLa Grange.\\nYoung L. G. Harris Institute,\\nTowns Co.,\\nMale and Female.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0179.jp2"}, "180": {"fulltext": "158 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nThe principal colleges for colored students are:\\nClark University, Atlanta.\\nMorris Brown College, Atlanta.\\nSpelman Seminary, Atlanta.\\nKnox High School, Athens.\\nState Industrial College, Savannah.\\nBeach Institute, Savannah.\\nPayne Institute, Augusta.\\n3. These institutions for the colored race are all well\\nequipped, well officered and most of them well endowed.\\nThey are doing good work and their graduates compare\\nfavorably with those of other institutions.\\n4. The percentage of illiteracy of both races is rapidly\\ndecreasing in the state. Among the whites in towns and\\ncities it is now only 3.4. In the country it is 13. i. Among\\nthe negroes in towns and cities it is 9.3. In the country 21.\\nTotal in the state for whites 11.3 against 24 in i860. Total\\nfor negroes 27.2.\\n5. Under the school law, all children between the ages of\\nsix and eighteen are entitled to receive a grammar school\\neducation, or to such extent as the school fund will provide for.\\n6. The last count of those entitled to the benefit of the\\nschool fund showed 604,971 children. In 1891 the enrollment\\nwas 360,268, and the average attendance was: whites 124,436;\\ncolored 80,790. There are 4605 schools for whites and 2680\\nfor the negroes.\\n7. To pay the teachers of these schools for their services\\nthe sum of $1,058,532 has been provided for the present year.\\nThis will be supplemented by the poll tax and by local taxation.\\nAs an evidence of the desire of the people of the state to\\nadvance the cause of education, it is only necessary to state\\nthat within ten years appropriations have been more than\\nquadrupled, the entire amount in 1882 being only $272,754.\\n8. The school fund is approximated upon the basis of school\\npopulation, but is paid out on the basis of average attendance.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0180.jp2"}, "181": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 159\\nThere is no division of tlie fund between the races the negroes\\nreceiving their full share in proportion to their numbers, not-\\nwithstanding the mere trifle their taxable property brings to\\nthe fund.\\n9. The Deaf and Dumb Asylum is located at Cave Spring,\\nFloyd County. It was established in 1845, and placed in\\ncharge of Colonel Oliver P. Fannin, who may be regarded as\\nits founder. In 1859, he resigned, and in a few years was\\nsucceeded by Wesley O. Connor, the present principal. It is\\nsufficient to say of him that he has always received the cordial\\nsupport of the trustees and of all Legislative Committees, and\\nhis pupils are all his friends. The number of pupils now in\\nthe Asylum is: white 76, colored 31, total 107.\\n10. As an instructive and significant statement the following\\ntable, taken from the Principal s report, is shown. Taking\\n258 deaf mutes as a basis, in twenty of the families from\\nwhich these mutes came, the parents were first cousins, produc-\\ning thirty-three deaf mutes. In eleven families, the parents\\nwere second cousins, producing eighteen deaf mutes. In four\\nfamilies, the parents were third cousins, producing seven deaf\\nmutes; twenty-one per cent, of the parents of these 258\\nafflicted ones being related by blood ties. Sixteen marriages\\nof deaf mutes produced fifty-nine children, nineteen of whom\\nwere deaf mutes.\\n11. The Blind Asylum is located at Macon, and has been\\never since the war in charge of W. D. Williams, A.M., as\\nPrincipal. He is a most worthy and efficient officer, devoted\\nto his pupils and his pupils devoted to him. There are now\\n102 pupils in attendance, of whom twenty are colored. It is\\nestimated that the marriage of blood relations produce about\\nthe same per cent, of blind as of deaf and dumb children.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0181.jp2"}, "182": {"fulltext": "l60 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nThe State Lunatic Asylum\\nis located at Milledgeville, under the management of Dr. T.\\nO. Powell, who for many years has filled the office to the com-\\nplete satisfaction of several administrations and of the general\\npublic.\\n2. This institution is the largest charity that the state main-\\ntains, and its successful management compares favorably with\\nany in the older and wealthier states. As an evidence of the\\neconomy practiced in its management, the cost per capita per\\ndiem for each inmate has been reduced in twenty years from\\n52)4 cents to 32^. About $190,000 per annum is required\\nto support the Asylum. There are 200 men and women whose\\nsole duty is to constantly attend and wait upon the inmates,\\nwho are all helpless as infants, hard to control and very\\ndestructive.\\n3. On October i, 1892, there were 1061 white and 509\\ncolored inmates, a total of 1570 persons to be nursed, fed and\\nwatched.\\n4. About four per cent, of the whites and twenty per cent,\\nof the negroes become insane from religious excitement.\\nFifteen per cent, of whites become insane from hereditary\\ncauses, while only five per cent, of the negroes are insane from\\nthe same cause. A majority of the inmates are between the\\nages of twenty and forty-five.\\n5. It is encouraging to note that the percentage of restored\\nand improved patients grows larger each year but at the same\\ntime it is sad to note that the number of applicants increases\\nproportionately faster than the population. There is but little\\ndifference between the number of males and females in the\\nAsylum.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0182.jp2"}, "183": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. l6l\\nManufactories.\\n1. The census of 1880 shows that there were 3593 manu-\\nfactories of all kinds in the State of Georma.\\no\\n2. In 1890, there were fifty-three cotton factories, using\\nannually 138,000 bales of cotton of 500 pounds each. This\\nis an increase, in consumption, of more than 100 per cent,\\nsince 1880, only 67,500 bales being consumed at that time.\\nThe value of the cotton goods made in the state in 1890 was\\nover twelve millions of dollars, making an increase of more\\nthan four millions of dollars in the value of the raw material.\\nThese factories employ 10,530 people. There are eighteen\\nwool factories, using 208,000 pounds of wool annually, making\\na product valued at $340,000.\\n3. The full report for the census of 1890 has not been\\npublished, but the returns at hand show that the ten cities\\nnamed below have manufactories of all kinds, as follows\\nNumber of\\nValue of\\nCities\\nEstablishments.\\nProducts.\\nAtlanta,\\n404\\n^i3 058 737\\nAugusta,\\n440\\n9,244,850\\nSavannah,\\n^43\\n6,222,402\\nMacon,\\n203\\n5 i7i^53o\\nAlbany,\\n4S\\n512,027\\nAthens,\\n57\\n834^19\\nColumbus,\\n60\\n4^954779\\nDalton,\\n31\\n989,803\\nGriffin,\\n25\\n473.775\\nRome,\\n23\\n756.423\\nTotal, 1534 $42,218,645\\nThese establishments employ 27,955 hands, of whom 221\\nare children under fifteen years of age.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0183.jp2"}, "184": {"fulltext": "1 62 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nAgricultural Statistics.\\n1. In 1879, Georgia produced 814,000 bales of cotton on\\n2,617,000 acres of land, averaging three and two tenths acres\\nper bale. In 1889, the state produced 1,191,919 bales on\\n3,345,526 acres of land, averaging two and eight-tenths acres\\nper bale. This shows marked improvement in methods of\\ncultivation.\\n2. In 1889, Georgia produced 29,261,422 bushels of corn,\\nbeing an average of eleven and one-third bushels per acre\\nof wheat, 1,096,312 bushels, an average of five and six-tenths\\nbushels per acre of oats, 4,767,456 bushels, an average of\\nnine and one-quarter bushels per acre.\\n3. It will be seen from these statistics that cotton is the\\ngreat staple crop of the state, but the farmers raise sufficient\\nquantities of other cereals, rice, potatoes and all vegetable\\nproducts, not only to satisfy their own wants, but for sale\\nand export.\\n4. As an evidence of the good condition of the farmers of\\nGeorgia, the census of 1890 shows that forty-two per cent, of\\nthem own the farms they cultivate fifty-eight per cent, rent or\\nhire their farms this class being principally negroes.\\n5. Of the farmers who own their farms, ninety-six and one-\\nhalf per cent, own them free from incumbrance. No other\\nstate in the Union can show as favorable a condition of its\\nfarmers.\\n6. The wealth of the state, that is, the value of the property\\nin the state, has increased about 100 per cent, from 1879\\nto 1892.\\n7. In 1879, the value of all property in the state, as returned\\nby the owners thereof, was $234,959,548.\\n8. In 1892, the value is $463,753,534. These figures include\\nrailroad property, which has increased from $9,866,129 in\\n1879, to $42,604,025 in 1892. Besides, there is railroad\\nproperty exempt by law from ad valore?n taxation, valued at", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0184.jp2"}, "185": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 163\\n$20,000,000. So that the total value of property in the state,\\nin 1893, is not far from $500,000,000.\\n9. The chief items of property that show marked increases\\nsince 1879, are as follows\\n1879.\\n1892.\\nCity and Town Property,\\n$49,007,286\\n$121,683,110\\nLands,\\n90,493,822\\n137,194,720\\nFarm Implements,\\n2,971,372\\n6,125,555\\nHousehold Furniture,\\n9,156,404\\n16,257,394\\nCotton Mills,\\n1,640,000\\n11,025,778\\nRailroads,\\n9,866,129\\n42,604,025\\n10. This table shows a gratifying increase in items that\\nindicate improved methods of farming, with largely more\\ndomestic comforts and luxuries. Of these taxable values, it is\\nto be remarked that in 1879 the negroes returned $5,182,398.\\nIn 1892, this had increased to $14,869,575, or less than three\\nand one-quarter per cent, of the whole taxable property of the\\nstate. Nevertheless, they have received and are now receiving\\nabout forty per cent, of the entire school fund; they consti-\\ntuting about forty-seven per cent, of the population of the\\nstate.\\nPopulation.\\n1. In 1880, the total white and colored population of the\\nstate was 1,542,180. In 1890, the census shows a total of\\n1,837,353, being an increase in ten years of some nineteen\\nper cent.\\n2. The following table shows the population, both white and\\ncolored, by counties, according to the census of 1890. Also,\\nthe county seats, for whom the counties were named, and when\\nlaid out.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0185.jp2"}, "186": {"fulltext": "164\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nVO ^00 n VO O On O n ^00 CO \u00c2\u00bb0 1\\nO vo cr\\\\ i^ r^ n 1- o O i-~. O\\nO LOO\\n10 O r) M O l^\\nro CO Tf O O CO\\nvq k- O mo O roCNLOr^LotOTfi-. rO ^fror^CNr) \u00e2\u0096\u00a0^\u00e2\u0096\u00ba-^00\\nCOO-^codcT^rroLo roco cTcoO CA^r i-or SrC ^i-r uoLorC\\n-l WM-rt-M l-(C|l-l Cl LO (-HI-HI-.\\nPI CnO ro M r^ t^ J^ ON Tt-OO ON l^ Tt- I- O O ^ovo CO T^ ^o\\nO Tf -Tf O I- Tf roco CO CO On ON ro On LO ro i-^ t^O cn O -1\\nLo ro LO O 9^ 000 rOi-i-H^Tt-cOOCO l^O Cnloi--co\\nf r f c5i M O pr ro rC cf p? LOO CO ro -f ro i-T cO\\nC) ri ro\\nTfLop) ON-^r^ONM ropor^i^ONi- O LOLOLor^-f-fri m\\n1- CnO On r-^ r-^ pi -t po pi O po Tf pi lo OnO O po O O t^ O\\nPI LO PI ON LO PI O POCO OCO PI 00 ^r-^ OnCO pi On O O\\nO hH LOO Tt-co OnO pi On lo pi\\ni-i On PO r-- PO\\nCO LO POCO i- O M CO -ikO r^ lo t^CO VD PO r~^ rf CO PI\\n1-1 PI o LOO Lopi LoCNONr^Pi Loi^p) PI LOLor^LOPOPOO\\nCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO t^r^ t^CO CO t^OO CO CO CO r^CO CO CO CO CO\\nhJ O\\nbiD-\\nii t^ a5 c S\\n13 5 t^\\n2 o\\nC r/l r- C ra\\ni:i Jii 72 rt\\nrt\\n:5 o c i2 i; c en /k\\notJOa;c;aj\u00c2\u00a3os^\\ni: brjT3 J^ g t^ -j^\\no\\n-a o i^\\ns.^\\nO)\\na;\\nOh\\ng 2 c 3 cj\\n(1)\\n(U\\nC rt OJ .2 r-\\na; Ij 55 .y is S k/\\no 0/3^; S ^3\\nrr! U f T^ rt\\n^^^^ZO\\no g^ S^ o i3 2p\\nol\\nUU QO\\n2-c^ o\\n1-. O\\nCD\\nr/, o -c; ci. o\\nt;;S a S b\\n3 rt rt rt oj\\nO\\n05\\nii rt oj ra ol D\\n;qWPqpqK;:qpqWpqpqmuUUUUUUUUUUU", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0186.jp2"}, "187": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n165\\nCs LOCO 00 OncO U-) h- o Ti-co -O sj-O CNCNr^Or^O M M O\\\\ioi^i-or^ri m w-\\nLo o O P) r^oo ^vO roONfOi^CN^ m m O -*r^M Tfi-i ONOO r^ O\\\\oo 1-1 00\\nTD f vo ro CO c) Lo I\\nO Lo LOCO O i-H O\\nOOO l^roOOx^ rovO rj- ro M lo ro O O\\\\00 ^vO w rfOvO riCO lom 0\\\\0\\n01 C\\\\ -i 01 -t^-^i-oh- lom i-h Tj-ror~^C\\\\r^ -ocO On On 1-- lo t^vo t^ ro o lovO 0\\n^J. ^l C ^i ^J, (3 C? It CNCO m 01 o -o\\\\0 O\\nin Tt Lovo ^-roGx^f^LOCxM^ONi-^ Lorooi ro^^ CACO LorCcNi-rcNGNoTLOw\\nM h- Tf\\nCO O N -^vO OVO 01 i^r^rooi O roOCOCO r^O 01 tJ-w m oivO rooj i^i^O\\nLOunrOLOiOONOl 01 rOLOOi 01 r-^oi LOt^w i-r)i^ON -i LOOl r roco -0 ro ^O r^ lo\\n00 00 CO CO CO i^co oooooococooocoooooccco r--. r--oo CO 00 00 CO r^co 00 00 1^00\\n03 cw 5^\\nCD\\no\\nc .2;\\nO f^ rt\\nO r-\\nex,\u00e2\u0080\u0094 nJ O\\n3 rt\\n,i2 -H^ii\\nw\\nrt b\\n3\\n(u o\\n3 J\\n3 c\u00c2\u00ab\\n:3 t\u00c2\u00ab\\n-O\\na3 r^ rt -o -2 \u00e2\u0096\u00ba^fe O 3\\n%Lh\\nU 53\\nLh c o\\nc/3 ;s\\n^o\\nOJ j-\\nn r- o o\\n7!WajS53*.W3C^rt^3St^CrtO^\\n^\u00e2\u0096\u00a0r^ ao c o g.^^ S o ^--J 3^\\n.5\\n^0000 o\\no ri a (u\\nP cj w O\\ncj 0) 0) o o o o\\n_^ -t-- t: 3\\nUUUUUUUUQQQQQQQPMWWWWfi.f^fef^pH;iHOOOO", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0187.jp2"}, "188": {"fulltext": "66\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nC\\\\ i^ QvvO r-- t^ t^ O roO O C\\\\ Cn Gn t^ rf t-^O M r-^ On O\\nLO CN t^ CNC/D Loci^H-it^i^^oOTt- i^co O O CO i-^oo\\nO CO O 1-^ ro t-^co LOMVO roi-^co ri --i-^r-^oco i-ico i^-^\u00c2\u00ab-\\nt^ C?\\\\ CO t^ w vo O C?vO ^0(5^^0 l-^\\\\0 c~r ro CJN t vO -OMD CO ro\\nONM3 On r-. O t-^OO t-^ M w ii LovO t-. rOVO OOrOfl Om^rfnriM\\nH- OncO vO i- i-i ONio^C^Tt-i^ ONCO O -o t^ On Tf co i^ r^ ci w co\\np-T c? hT fp M o n ro rCo w loco (5 i-Tco O rCco ro t~^ vn uo c5v\\nM rO ^OONONGNO loonpi w O r) Q roi- -^M r^ roco ro r^co -i\\nrooooco roONONfO^ oj r-. -^co GNLor^rOLoroO r^ci loo lo q\\nro On q\\\\ n r^ On On ri^ vq n ci_ r-, ro tJ-vo Cn^O -t d i-i J^ O\\nlom5 CTn lo ^f (5 lo t-^O CO Lo tt ro Lo\\\\0 ro tC c? rCvO fO i-T\\nvO CO CO CO ^vO ONrDO i-covO civooo i^ r^vo r^vo loco m ro r-^\\nCO i-H i-H 1-c Onloc) LoroM 0) NH on -i Onloo O c-i r^ONri rot^ONfO\\nI^CO 00 CO r^CO 00 00 CO 00 CO CO I^CO I^CO CO 00 00 t^ t--00 CO 00 I-^CO\\no^\\n0) i5 rt\\nbC:S 2\\nrt rt\\n03\\nr- 5 c 3 ^y)\\nh r 2 ;5 C)\\nbJO o\\n1= CI,\\nO C\\no c ;i:\\n(Dl-^.s; rt rt^ rt bO\\n:e :e; fe g ph H^ ^g ^?:upjn: .j fiHQo\\nO\\nO i^\\nO\\no r\\nr- 0)\\noj e\\nil\\n,E o o\\no w b\\n03\\no t:\\nI o^\\nrt\\nc v; C CD c\\nc o\\nS rt hA\\no ^0 ^:^(j\\nOJ o c\\nf^f^rt O O O j=: OO o.-:2 oj^r O D^ rt\\n.i:; o) cu 0)\\n?rr;\\n0) 3J t\u00c2\u00ab\\nu o\\no J5 t\u00c2\u00ab\\nJ_ r- C/3 (I)\\nt/5 j:! IJ\\nojrtoJrtojcucuO\\nTd -S\\nS Q\\nO\\no\\no6ffiffiKKEKK:nE^ ^^^^^;3 ;:^;:^;jj;3ssg", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0188.jp2"}, "189": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n167\\nNc^Tt-i^OOro-^ -^VO vo \u00c2\u00ab-i M ^oo r-^O Tt-i-o^r^o^ C^ ^cj i-oo O\\ni-T r^ 5 J vo O cfv dwO CO r-^ rCvo -T co \\\\0 ^vo rf tJ uo lo uoo lo ro ^o cF\\nro\u00e2\u0080\u0094 C\\\\Tl-riv0\\\\OC0C0 ^vO M m 10 O ro t-^vO i- ro O ^O rOCO vO loco ci C\\\\\\nvOVD Or^r^O Lo G\\\\a5 vO fOMO O ^oco i-^ 10 O O loO r^TCO O Ococo G\\\\\\nvO fi Lo i-o\\\\0 -oo O ^fO^CO c) -oroC^O^O O OO ^COO c-i -oci -^-O\\n10 t^ fO W HH\\nCO O O ro\\nC) ro t^ t^ M\\n00 O O roO f) C\\\\ +t^C\\nro M r^ LOCO O iJ^ O G\\\\ O\\nO ro CI vo rO ONOO On i-h O ^^O t^CO vO loco OO\\nTCOOO ^rOONClOO LOrOM TfCN-l-n rOh- rOCAO\\nCO O -^CO ^J, Cr\\\\ r^ CO ri^ 9.\\nt^ CO On CI Lo Tj-o LOLor^c) r^coir^cTrC ^00 O -O roi-T lolocF ^cTvO Lo^tr^\\nii r^ t-^O r-, r^ w co r^ ci ^o m ^o co ci co r^ cj w co r--co C\\\\co r-^ O r^ co o\\n1-1 CI i-OLOLOci GsO coci ci i^Oncololoci i-oo O loi-h c) t^r^LOCNLoroco\\n00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 t^OO 00 00 00 00 1^00 oococococococoooco r^OO CO I^CO CO CO\\n0) i3\\nrt\\n0) rt r; 3 rt l ^K^ ri\\noj o, c\\nC/3 C\\n3 O\\ntiO.\\na;\\nC O\\nen\\nO ^u a w (V _^\\nC\\ns\u00c2\u00a7\\nI So\\na,\\nO\\no\\ns\\nc5\\nQJ 4-1\\n5i;^^3\\nVfi r-\\nS\\nI?\\no y r:\\no\\no\\n0) J-i c; CD OJ D\\n1^\\noo :3o Aoo\\no a 2-\\no\\no N Au o c\\no\\nO cu\\n00\\nC- 03 03\\nV V\\no qj 53\\no c: a;\\nuo o\\n(U\\noj o e: tx) c; aj\\ni^iiOtBrtrtOoo;\\no -H b t: tJO S u\\no\\ntn\\nbD\\nii u\\no3rt ur;3. :3.tiooo3353rjtjr\\np^p^p^p^pH\\n\u00e2\u0096\u00a0^;:;:cCO!=: -.x):5!:;;cu\\nOS .ti n r- u P\\n3 3 rt rt.y o-g 53 aii 5\\nfL, cypi; ;A v^ A m u:i Wi si m", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0189.jp2"}, "190": {"fulltext": "1 68\\nTHE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\n00 rovO r^ ro -1- Tt- ro lO C\\\\ZC M I^ -i t^r- .ioiOi-vO O i-CO\\nLO ON LOO r^ o -n\\\\o n C\\\\ -^oo oo vo u roco ON -o oo CO CO tf\\n^l i I O 9, ^i CN M TO ON ON O r^ O\\nCJ\\np-c f)\\nON IV. Looo \u00c2\u00abJ0ONri -^M tv -Or M lO roMD -0 to M M r) lo lO T}-vO\\nro ri o rovO fO r-,0 ^O M ro -o ro i m On r^O ro ^ovo m r^\\n*^1\u00c2\u00b0^ ^9. 9, O-fMi-iONwvOr-^CN\u00e2\u0080\u0094 rlvoC^|--1-^\\nOn ro -f c? cK -o ro lo O w t-^ rOO -f c-I ro i-T ro r? lo -f\\nON ^CO CO M M O M CO Tf LO O ri CO\\nVD CO On O n OnO -1-CO vO lo t--. O\\nO rfHH Lo.- rO ONQ r^LOQ r ^r^n- ri\\nn O ro ON Tf lOvO rv M\\nCNCicoco fi VO f-\\nr^ ro Lo i-T fo r^ r~^o d -o-i-d ^crLoo -fiOLOLo\\nh:i O\\nr-^ Lo M r^vo Lovo 0\\\\ r-t roco -rt- rn -rt lovo rv p- r-. r-- ro ro\\nn M O lO O to n Lo C) O ro M ro M OnCO O LOLOLOLOtvO to\\nCOCOCOCOCOCOCOOiCOCOOOOOOOOOCO t-- r^CO CO CO CO CO r-^CO CO\\no i:;\\ntl o\\nO t/2\\n(u o i:j\\nS5 t;? p\\n03\\no\\no\\nOJ O 0) c oj\\nr/i o t\u00c2\u00ab .S o\\nBH\\no\\no\\nH\\nO 1^ u\\ni: H o o\\nOJ J. 0) 0) C\\no\\n0) .5 ^5*\\ni-i;-ii-i!-i^-E;z,s-i^o;-.fcC!-iai\\n-^aji U(uo ^op_^cu;-r(D.-H\\nCajOOajC^cTjo.HojcjjJJoj\\nQ O O O O t) X So ^H O O O Q\\no\\nSE\\n03\\ni\\n_,\\n03\\nrt\\nV\\n0)\\nO\\ne4u^OO\\no3 rt o3 rt D\\nO\\nfcC O\\no \u00e2\u0080\u00a2:2\\nfcJO\\no3 03 03 OJ\\na; u:! O OJ\\nI^ I^", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0190.jp2"}, "191": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n169\\nState Officials.\\nThe following is a list of the present state officials:\\nWm. J. Northen,\\nPhilip Cook,\\nWm. A. Wright,\\nRobt. U. Hardeman,\\nR. T. Nesbitt,\\nS. D. Bradvvell,\\nL. N. Trammel],\\nVirgil Powers,\\nAllen Fort,\\nLogan E. Bleckley,\\nThos. J. Simmons,\\nSam l Lumpkin,\\nHenry C. Peeples,\\nGeo. C. Peeples,\\nJoseph M. Terrell,\\nW. S. Veates,\\nGeo. F. Payne,\\nJno. Mcintosh Kell,\\nJno. Milledge,\\nJames M. Warner,\\nW. H. Harrison,\\nStanhope Sams,\\nRobt. J. Guinn,\\nHenry W. Thomas,\\nA. C. Briscoe,\\nGeo. H. Jones,\\nR. F. Wright,\\nDr. Wm. O Daniel,\\nW. H. Joyner,\\nB. F. Carter,\\nZ. D. Harrison,\\nJohn M. Graham,\\nC. L. Glessner,\\nA. H. Cutts,\\nChas. T. Furlow,\\nRobt. C. Irwin,\\nA. E. Cox,\\nWm. J. Speer,\\nGovernor.\\nSecretary of State.\\nComptroller General.\\nTreasurer.\\nCommissioner of Agriculture.\\nState School Commissioner.\\nRailroad Commissioners.\\nJustices Supreme Court.\\nSupreme Court Reporters.\\nA ttorney-General.\\nState Geologist.\\nState Chemist.\\nAdjutant-General and Keeper Public Buildings.\\nState Librarian.\\nSecretaries Executive Department.\\nClerk Executive Department.\\nClerk State School Commission.\\nClerk Secretary of State.\\nClerk Railroad Commission.\\nKeeper Penitentiary.\\nAssistant Keeper Penitentiary.\\nPhysician Penitentiary.\\nSecretary and Clerk, Agricultural Department.\\nClerk Supreme Court.\\n1\\nStenographers Supreme Court.\\nClerks Comptroller-General s Department.\\nClerk Treasury Department.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0191.jp2"}, "192": {"fulltext": "I/O THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nConstitution.\\n1. The Constitution of the state provides for a General\\nAssembly to make the laws, a governor to execute them, and\\nfor courts to interpret and enforce them. The governor of\\nthe state is the chief executive officer and is by virtue of his\\noffice the commander-in-chief of the army and navy.\\n2. He is elected biennially by the people and holds his\\noffice for two years. He may succeed himself, if chosen, for a\\nsecond term, but is not elegible for a third term.\\n3. His salary is $3000 per annum and an executive mansion\\nis furnished h]m.\\n4. The Assembly consists of a Senate and House of Repre-\\nsentatives.\\n5. There are forty-four Senators who represent forty-four\\nsenatorial districts, of three counties each, excepting five\\ndistricts which have four counties each.\\n6. There are 175 members of the House. Six of the most\\npopulous counties, viz: Chatham, Richmond, Burke, Floyd,\\nBibb and Fulton have each three representatives.\\n7. Twenty-six counties, the next largest in population, have\\ntwo each, viz: Bartow, Coweta, Decatur, Houston, Green,\\nGwinnett, Harris, Jefferson, Meriweather, Monroe, Muscogee,\\nNewton, Stewart, Sumpter, Thomas, Troup, Washington,\\nHancock, Carroll, Cobb, Jackson, Dougherty, Oglethorpe,\\nMacon, Talbot and Wilkes.\\n8. The remaining 105 counties have but one each.\\n9. The legal rate of interest is seven per cent, but eight per\\ncent, is lawful when contracted to be paid. Usury can be\\npleaded to the excess only.\\n10. The wife s property held before marriage, and that she\\nafterwards acquires in her separate estate, cannot be adversely\\ncontrolled by her husband, nor be subject to his debts.\\n11. Every head of a family is entitled to a homestead\\nexemption of $1600 in value; and this, when legally set apart,", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0192.jp2"}, "193": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX.\\n171\\nshall be exempt from levy and sale for debt except for the\\nunpaid purchase money or for taxes.\\n12. Members of the Assembly hold their office for two years\\nand their sessions are limited to forty days in each year.\\nJudiciary System.\\n1. The Supreme Court of Georgia was organized in the year\\n1846.\\n2. The following table shows the members of the court in\\ntheir succession, the first named being the chief justice\\n1846. Joseph H. Lumpkin, Hiram Warner, E. A. Nisbet.\\n1853. Lumpkin, Nisbet, Ebenezer Starnes.\\n1854. Lumpkin, Starnes, H. L. Benning.\\n1855. Lumpkin, IJenning, C. J. McDonald.\\n1858. Lumpkin, Benning, Linton Stephens.\\ni860. Lumpkin, Stephens, R. H. Lyon.\\ni860. Lumpkin, Lyon, C J. Jenkins.\\n1864. Lumpkin, D. A. Walker, J. L. Harris.\\n1867. Warner, Walker, Harris.\\n1869. J. E. Brown, Kent McKay, Warner.\\n1870. O. A. Lochrane, McKay, W^arner.\\n1872. Warner, McKay, W. W. Montgomery.\\n1873. Warner, McKay, Robt. P. Trippe.\\n1875. Warner, L. E. Bleckley, James Jackson.\\n1879. Jackson, Willis Hawkins, M. J. Crawford.\\n1880. Jackson, Crawford, A. M. Speer.\\n1882. Jackson, Crawford, Sam Hall.\\n1883. Jackson, Hall, Mark Blandford.\\n1887. Bleckley, Hall, Blandford.\\n1888. Bleckley, Blandford, T. J. Simmons.\\n1890. Bleckley, Simmons, Samuel Lumpkin.\\n3. The annual salaries of the justices are $3000 each. The\\nreporters of the court were\\n1846.\\nJ. M. Kelly.\\n1867.\\nN. J. Hammond.\\n1849.\\nT. R. R. Cobb.\\n1872.\\nHenry Jackson.\\n1858.\\nB. Y. Martin.\\n1878.\\nJackson and Lumpkin\\ni860.\\nGeo. N. Lester.\\n1882.\\nLumkkin.\\n1864.\\nL. E. Bleckley.\\n1888.\\nH. C. Peeples.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0193.jp2"}, "194": {"fulltext": "1/2 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nCircuit Courts.\\nI. There are twenty-three Superior Court circuits whose\\njudges sit twice a year in each county of their circuit. They\\nhave common law, equity and criminal jurisdiction. These\\nofficers are now elected by the General Assembly and hold\\ntheir offices for the term of four years and receive a salary\\nof $2000 each. The names of the circuits are as follows:\\nAlbany, Atlanta, Augusta, Blue Ridge, Brunswick, Chatta-\\nhoochee, Cherokee, Coweta, Eastern, Flint, Macon, Middle,\\nNortheastern, Northern, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Pataula, Rome,\\nSouthern, Southwestern, Stone Mountain, Tallapoosa, Western.\\nCourts of Ordinary.\\nI. There is a Court of Ordinary in each county. Its juris-\\ndiction is mainly concerning the estates of deceased persons,\\nand the care of orphan children.\\nJustices Courts.\\n1. Each county is divided into what are called militia\\ndistricts. Every district is entitled to one Justice of the\\nPeace, who is elected by the voters of his district and holds\\nhis office for four years. His jurisdiction is limited to civil\\nsuits on notes and accounts and damages to property, not\\nexceeding $100, and in criminal accusations he can hear the\\nevidence and bind over or discharge the defendant, but cannot\\ndetermine his guilt or innocence, as on final trial in the\\nSuperior Court.\\n2. Each militia district has also a Notary Public, appointed\\nby the Judge of the Circuit Court. This officer has all the\\npowers and jurisdiction of the elected Magistrate and can sit\\nwith him on the trials of all cases that are brought before\\nthem. Their fees are their only compensation.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0194.jp2"}, "195": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 173\\nCongressional Districts.\\nI. By the census of 1890 the state gained one additional\\nmember of Congress. The state was re-districted to make\\napportionment for the additional representative and is now as\\nfollows:\\nI St. Chatham, Burke, Scriven, Emanuel, Bullock, Effingham,\\nBryan, Tatnall, Liberty, Mcintosh.\\n2d. Quitman, Clay, Randolph, Terrell, Calhoun, Dougherty,\\nWorth, Early, Baker, Millen, Mitchell, Colquitt, Berrien,\\nDecatur, Thomas.\\n3d. Stewart, Webster, Sumter, Lee, Dooly, Wilcox,\\nSchley, Pulaski, Twiggs, Houston, Macon, Taylor, Crawford.\\n4th. Muscogee, Marion, Talbott, Harris, Merriweather,\\nTroup, Coweta, Hurd, Carroll, Chattahoochee.\\n5th. Fulton, Douglas, Campbell, Clayton, DeKalb, Rock-\\ndale, Newton, Walton.\\n6th. Bibb, Baldwin, Jones, Monroe, Upson, Pike, Spalding,\\nFayette, Henry, Butts.\\n7 th. Harralson, Paulding, Cobb, Polk, Floyd, Bartow,\\nChattooga, Gordon, Walker, Dade, Catoosa, Whitfield, Murray.\\n8th. Jasper, Putnam, Morgan, Greene, Oconee, Clark,\\nOglethorpe, Madison, Elbert, Hart, Franklin, Wilkes.\\n9th. Fannin, Union, Townes, Rabun, Habersham, White,\\nLumpkin, Dawson, Gilmer, Pickens, Cherokee, Forsyth, Milton,\\nGwinnett, Jackson, Hall, Banks.\\nloth. Richmond, Columbia, Lincoln, Jefferson, Glasscock,\\nMcDuffie, Warren, Talliaferro, Washington, Wilkinson, Han-\\ncock.\\nnth. Glynn, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Dodge, Tel-\\nfair, Irwin, Coffee, Appling, Wayne, Pierce, Ware, Clinch,\\nEchols, Lownes, Brooks, Charlton, Camden.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0195.jp2"}, "196": {"fulltext": "1/4 HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nRailroads.\\nI. There are in Georgia 5057 miles of railroad. The\\nfollowing is a list of the roads with their respective mileage:\\nMiles.\\nAlabama Great Southern 28.06\\nAtlanta and Florida 05-05\\nAugusta, Gibson and Sandersville 82.5\\nAugusta and Chattanooga 14\\nAbbeville and Waycross 12.55\\nBoston and Albany 15\\nColuml)us Southern 90\\nChickamauga and Durham 17\\nChattanooga Southern 46\\nDover and Statesboro 10\\nDarien Short T.ine 20\\nCentral Railroad Main Line 192\\nAtlanta Division 127\\nMobile and Girard Division 1.42\\nPort Royal and Augusta 17-93\\nArlington Extension 6;^\\nSavannah, Grififin and North Alabama Division 62.42\\nUpson County Division 16.76\\nCharlotte, Columbia and Augusta 1.51\\nDublin Branch 25\\nSavannah and Atlantic 19.06\\nColumbus and Rome 51-82\\nCuthbert and Eufaula 23.32\\nAmericus and Albany 40.70\\nBuena Vista and Ellaville 64.71\\nEden and Americus 63\\nPerry Branch 12.78\\nPort Royal and Augusta 5.30\\nEatonton Branch 2r\\nChattanooga, Rome and Columbus 139-5\\nColumbus Southern 90\\nPLast Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia 5\u00c2\u00b05-75\\nRome and Decatur 18.70\\nEast and West of Alabama 48\\nEmpire and Dublin 43\\nGeorgia Midland and Gulf 103", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0196.jp2"}, "197": {"fulltext": "APPENDIX. 175\\nGeorgia Southern and Florida 177\\nMacon and Birmingham 98.27\\nGeorgia Railroad 211\\nMacon and Augusta 77.4\\nGainesville, Jefferson and Southern 66.52\\nUnion Point and White Plains 12.1\\nIndian Springs and Flovilla 2.25\\nLexington Terminal 4\\nLouisville and Wadley 10\\nMarietta and North Georgia in\\nMidville, Swainsboro and Red Pluff 17-75\\nMacon and Atlantic 11\\nMacon, Dul^lin and Savannah 54\\nRichmond and Danville Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line 117.1\\nGeorgia Pacific 87.06\\nLawrenceville Branch 9.7\\nRoswell Branch 9.3\\nElberton Air Line Division 53.4\\nNortheastern Division 41.2\\nIlartwell Di\\\\7ision 10.3\\nRome Railroad 20\\nSavannah, Florida and Western 502.570\\nBrunswick and Western 190.331\\nAlabama Midland 34.4\\nSavannah, Americas and Montgomery 202.2\\nAlbany, Florida and Northern 35-52\\nSouth Bound 22\\nSylvania 15\\nSouth Carolina Railroad 1.5\\nSmithonia and Dunlap 7.5\\nSouth Brunswick Terminal 18\\nSandersville and Tennville 3.25\\nWrightsville and Tennville 39\\nWadley and Mount Vernon 30\\nWestern and Atlantic 138\\nTalbotton 7\\nTotal number of miles 5057.000", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0197.jp2"}, "198": {"fulltext": "176 THE HISTORY OF GEORGIA.\\nReligious Denominations.\\n1. It is claimed that no state in tlie Union has so large a\\nproportion of its adult population enrolled in membership of\\nChristian churches.\\n2. According to the latest statistics, the numerical strength\\nof the various sects stands as follows:\\nBaptists (white) I49j754\\n(colored) 196,811\\nMethodists (Southern Church) 145,999\\n22,314\\n(colored) I7444i\\nPresbyterians 13,282\\n(Cumberland) 598\\nEpiscopalians S S^S\\nRoman Catholics 11,228\\nDisciples of Christ 4^676\\nLutherans i 477\\nJews 4,100", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0198.jp2"}, "199": {"fulltext": "INDEX\\nAbolitionists, the, 119.\\nAbsolute title to land, 20.\\nAcadians, 24.\\nAgnes, Ship, 31.\\nAgnus, 31.\\nAgricultural State Society, 107.\\nAgricultural Statistics, 162.\\nAkin, Warren, 76, 86.\\nAllatoona, 87, 89.\\nAlliance, Farmers in.\\nAmatis, 6.\\nAmelia Island, 13, 14.\\nAmerican Party, 71.\\nAmnesty Oath, 93.\\nAnderson, Clifford, 86.\\nAndrew, Fort, 13.\\nAndrews, Garrett, 71.\\nAnesthesia by Ether, 65.\\nAnne, Ship, 6.\\nArea of Georgia, 148.\\nArgyle, Fort, 9.\\nAristocracy, 136, 142.\\nAsh, General, 41.\\nAssembly, Representative, 20.\\nAssembly, the State, 170.\\nAthens, 49.\\nAtlanta, 88.\\nAttakullakulla, 28.\\nAugusta guarded, 12.\\nBailiffs, 15.\\nBanks, 51, 62, 65, 75.\\nBarnett, Samuel, 107.\\nBartow, General, 83.\\nBeaufort, 7.\\nBell, H. P., 86.\\nBerrien, John M., 60, 62.\\nBlandford, M. H., 86.\\nBosomworth, Thomas, 12, 19, 20.\\nBoston Massacre, 33.\\nBoston Port Bill, 2^.\\nBowen, Captain, 37.\\nBoyd, 41.\\nBoynton, James S., 108.\\nBragg, General, 86.\\nBreckenbridge, John C, 77.\\nBrown, General John M., 88.\\nBrown, John, 130, 133.\\nBrown, Joseph E., 72, 75, 83, 86, 90,\\n91, 108.\\nBrownson, Dr. Nathan, 44.\\nBryan, Jonathan, 23.\\nBuchanan, Hugh, 93.\\nBull, Colonel William, 8.\\nBullock, Archibald, 33, 37, 38, 39.\\nBullock, Rufus, loi, 108.\\nCabaniss, E. G., 93.\\nCalhoun, John C, 67, 68.\\nCapital, I or, 107.\\nCapitol, 108.\\nCession to United States, 49.\\nChapel, first Methodist, 11.\\nCharter, 5, 21, 22.\\nCheehaws, 13.\\nCherokees, 26-28, 59, 60, 93.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0199.jp2"}, "200": {"fulltext": "78\\nINDEX.\\nChesapeake, Man-of-war, 51.\\nChickamauga, 85.\\nChristy, J. H., 93.\\nClarke, John, 43, 55.\\nClay, Henry, 58, 65, 68.\\nClmch, Duncan, 67.\\nCobb, Governor Howell, 65-91.\\nCohen, Solomon, 93.\\nColleges, 45, 49, 58, 60, 61, 96, 105,\\n157-\\nColonization Society, 122.\\nColquitt, Governor Alfred, 86, 107,\\n108.\\nColquitt, Walter, 70.\\nCommissioners, Lords, 22.\\nCommon People, 136-142.\\nCondition of State, 114, 147.\\nConfederate Arsenal, 85.\\nConfederate Congress, 84.\\nConfederate States, 80.\\nConfiscation Act, 97.\\nCongregational Church, first, 21.\\nCongress, General, 34.\\nCongressional Districts, 46, 173.\\nConley, Benjamin, 103.\\nConscript Act, 84.\\nConstitution of Georgia, 38, 46, 98,\\n170.\\nConventions, 78-80.\\nConvicts, 106, 155-157-\\nCook, Lieutenant, 17.\\nCook, Philip, 93.\\nCooper, Mark A., 65.\\nCornwallis, Fort, 43.\\nCottyman, Captain, 26.\\nCouncil of Safety, 35, 36, t^j.\\nCounties, 33, 38, 45, 46, 50, 53, 54,\\n56, 83, 164-168, 170.\\nCourts, of Chancery, 23; Record, 23;\\nSuperior, 39 Supreme, 65 Cir-\\ncuit, 172 Justices 172 Ordi-\\nnary, 172.\\nCoweta, 8.\\nCrawford, Governor George, 63.\\nCrawford, William H., 50.\\nCreeks, 8, 13, 52.\\nCrisp, Charles F., iii.\\nCruger, Major, 43.\\nCumberland Island, 12.\\nCuthbert, Alfred, 62.\\nDale, Major, 59.\\nDarien, 10, 15.\\nDavis, Jefferson, 80, 91.\\nDawson, William, 67.\\nDe Monteano, Don Manuel, 16.\\nDempsey, Charles, 13.\\nD Estaing, Count, 41-43.\\nDivision of land, systems of, 50.\\nDooley, John, 41.\\nDorchester, 21.\\nDouglas, David, 23.\\nDouglass, Stephen A., 77.\\nEbenezer founded, 9, 11.\\nEchols, J. H., 86.\\nElbert, County, 33.\\nElbert, Governor Samuel, 46.\\nElliott, John, 21.\\nEllis, Henry, 24-28.\\nEmancipation of Slaves, 85.\\nEmigrants chosen, 6.\\nEmory College, 60.\\nEstatoe, 27.\\nEtchoe, 27.\\nEvans, Professor L. B., 145.\\nFielder, Herbert, 104.\\nFifthteenth Amendment, 102.\\nFloyd, General, 52, 53.\\nForrest, General, 85.\\nForsyth, Governor, 56.\\nFourteenth Amendment, 94, 10 1.\\nFranklin, Benjamin, 31.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0200.jp2"}, "201": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\n179\\nFranklin College, 49.\\nFrederica, 12, 16.\\nGaines, General, 53.\\nGardener, James, 72.\\nGardener, Lieutenant, 67.\\nGazette, Georgia, 33.\\nGeorge, Fort Prince, 26-28.\\nGeorge II, 4-29.\\nGeorge III, 4, 29-38.\\nGeorgia Academy, 70.\\nGeorgia Penetentiary, 155.\\nGeorgia Platform, 69.\\nGeorgia seceded, 78.\\nGeorgia readmitted, 102.\\nGilmer, Governor, 56, 57, 60.\\nGilpin, Fort, 43.\\nGlenn, John, 34.\\nGold Mining, 57.\\nGordon, John 13., 86, lor, 106, 108,\\nIII.\\nGoulding, Rev. F. R., 145.\\nGovernment, Confederate, 80.\\nGovernor, Office of, 170.\\nGrady, Henry W., 146.\\nGraham, Patrick, 22, 23.\\nGrant, Colonel, 28.\\nGreene, General, 43.\\nGrierson, Fort, 43.\\nGwinnett, Button, 38, 39.\\nHabersham, James, 18-37.\\nHabersham, Joseph, 35, 36.\\nHabersham, Samuel, 37.\\nHall, Lyman, 34, 36, 2,7, 38, 45.\\nHamilton, Major F., 27.\\nHamstead, 9.\\nHandly, George, 45.\\nHarbors, 151.\\nHardee, Captain, 67, 86, 90.\\nHardwick, 24.\\nHarris, Francis, 20.\\nHarris, Joel C, 146.\\nHartridge, Julian, 86.\\nHawkins, Benjamin, 49.\\nHaygood, Rev. Atticus, 147.\\nHermsdorf, Captain, 13.\\nHigh-gate, 9.\\nHill, Benjamin H., 75, 78, 84, 91, 97.\\nHomestead exemption, 170.\\nHood, General, 88.\\nPlorton, Major, 18.\\nHouston, John, 2,Z^ 34, 38, 39, 45.\\nHoward, John, 3.\\nHoward, Samuel, 53.\\nHowe, Major-General, 39.\\nHubert, Dr. Henry, 6.\\nHughes, General, 42.\\nIndians, troubles with, 46, 51, 52, 53,\\n55 56, 57 59 60.\\nInterest, 170.\\nIrwin, Jared, 47, 50.\\nIslands of Georgia, 151.\\nIverson, General Alfred, 88.\\nJackson, Henry R., 66.\\nJackson, James, 44, 48, 50, 108.\\nJames, Ship, 9.\\nJasper, Sergeant, 42.\\nJekyl Island, 9, 12, 151.\\nJenkins, Charles J., 67, 93, 94, 105.\\nJohnson, Herschel V., 70, 71, jj, 93.\\nJohnson, James, 93.\\nJohnston, General, 87, 88.\\nJones, Charles C, 142.\\nJones, Noble W., 21, 23, 32-34.\\nJosephtown, 9.\\nJudiciary System, 171.\\nJustice, Chief, 23.\\nKennesaw Mountain, Battle of, j.\\nKeowee, 26.\\nKnox, William, 31.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0201.jp2"}, "202": {"fulltext": "i8o\\nINDEX.\\nLamar, Henry, 72.\\nLand Act, 45.\\nLand Court, 45.\\nLane, Joseph, T].\\nLanier, Sidney, 145.\\nLaurens, Colonel, 42.\\nLawton, Colonel, 79, 86.\\nLee, Colonel Henry, 43.\\nLee, General, 85, 91.\\nLegislature, 90.\\nLester, G. M., 86.\\nLewis, Dr. J. W., 84.\\nLiberty Boys, 34, 35.\\nLiberty County, 34.\\nLiberty Pole, 35.\\nLincoln, General, 40, 41, 77, 80.\\nLiterature, 142.\\nLittle, George, 96, 106.\\nLittle, William, 23.\\nLong, Dr. Crawford, 65.\\nLongstreet, Judge, 146.\\nLords of Trade and Plantation, 24.\\nLoudon, Fort, 26, 27.\\nLoyall, Captain, 66.\\nLumpkin, J. H., 65, 72, 119.\\nLumpkin, Wilson, 58-60.\\nLunatic Asylum, 65, 160.\\nLutherans, 11.\\nMackay, Colonel, 13, 16.\\nMcAllister, Fort, 85.\\nMcCay, Judge, 106.\\nMcDaniel, H. D., 108, iii.\\nMcDonald, Charles J., 61, 65, 69.\\nMcintosh, Colonel James, 67.\\nMcintosh, Lachlan, 37.\\nMaitland, Captain, 37.\\nManufactories, 161.\\nMartin, John, 44.\\nMassacre at Fort Mims, 52.\\nMatthews, George, 46.\\nMatthews, James D., 93.\\nMeade, General, 98, 105.\\nMeigs, Josiah, 49.\\nMercer University, 61.\\nMessias, Captain, 53.\\nMethodists, The, 11.\\nMiddle Georgia, 1 48-1 51.\\nMidway Neck, 21.\\nMilitary rule, 92.\\nMilitia, 20, 21, 172.\\nMilledge, Governor John, 49.\\nMilledgeville, 50, 90, 107.\\nMiller, Dr. H. V. M., 72.\\nMinerals, 150.\\nMissionaries, 57.\\nMitchell, David B., 51, 53.\\nMoney, change of, 46.\\nMontgomery, Captain, 27.\\nMoravians, 10, 11.\\nMountains of Georgia, 151.\\nMusgrove, Mary, 8, 19, 20.\\nNegro as a Slave, 125.\\nNew Inverness, 10.\\nNisbet, Eugenius A., 66, 83.\\nNorth Georgia, 1 48-1 51.\\nNorthen, W. J., in.\\nNorwood, Thomas, 108.\\nO Bryan, 12.\\nOfficials, State, 169.\\nOglethorpe, Sir James, 1-17.\\nOglethorpe s Charter, 5 original\\ngrant, 4.\\nOmnibus Bill, 68.\\nOssabaw, 19, 151.\\nPapists, French, 24.\\nParishes, 25.\\nParker, Henry, 20.\\nPenal Code, 53.\\nPickens, General, 43, 44.\\nPine Belt, 149.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0202.jp2"}, "203": {"fulltext": "INDEX.\\nPolitical Parties, 59, 62, 69, 71, ^T,\\nIII, 119, 130.\\nPompon, 8.\\nPope, General, 97, 98.\\nPopulation, 163-168.\\nProducts, 150.\\nProvincial Congress, 34, 37.\\nPulaski, Count, 42.\\nPulaski, Fort, 79.\\nPurisburg, Ship, 9.\\nPuritans, 21.\\nQuaker Springs, 21.\\nRabun, William, 53.\\nRailroad Commission, 107.\\nRailroads, 60, di, 76, 105, 174.\\nRandolph, Peyton, 36.\\nReconstruction, 92, loi.\\nReligious Denominations, 176.\\nRepresentatives, 170.\\nRescinding Act, 47.\\nReynolds, Governor, 22-25.\\nRidge, John, 59.\\nRiver Navigation, 53.\\nRivers of the State, 150.\\nRome, 85.\\nRoss, John, 59.\\nRoyalists, 36.\\nRuger, General T., loi.\\nSalaries of Justices; Governor,\\n170.\\nSalzburgers, the, 9, 10.\\nSapelo, 19, 151.\\nSavannah, 8, 40, 44, 90.\\nSavannah, Ship, 54.\\nScarborough, Ship, 38.\\nSchermerhorn, 59.\\nSchley, William, 59.\\nSchools, 158, 159.\\nScotch Highlanders, 10.\\nScott, Captain Alexander, 66.\\nScott, General Winfield, 59.\\nSeal of State, 48, loi.\\nSenate, 46.\\nSenators, 170.\\nSeminoles, 53.\\nSettlements, early, 7.\\nSeymour, Isaac, 66.\\nSherman, General W. T., 87, 90.\\nShewmake, I. T., 86.\\nSilk Culture, 6.\\nSkidway Islands, 9.\\nSlave Labor, 6, 94.\\nSlave Trade, 50, 117.\\nSmith, Hoke, 114.\\nSmith, James M., 86, 104-107.\\nSmith, W. E., 86.\\nSoils of the State, 149.\\nSouthern Georgia, 1 48-1 51.\\nSpanish Invasion, 15.\\nSpeedwell, Ship, 31.\\nSt. Catherine, 19, 151.\\nSt. George, Fort, 13.\\nSt. Johns Parish, 34.\\nSt. Simons, 9, 151.\\nStamp Act, 30, 31.\\nState Guards, 85.\\nState Officials, 169.\\nState Road, 60.\\nStephens, Alexander, 65, 68, 80, 91,\\n94, 108, 145.\\nStephens, John, 21.\\nStephens, Thomas, 18.\\nStephens, William, 15, 18.\\nStiles, \\\\Yilliam H., 72.\\nStuart, Captain, 27, 28.\\nSunbury, Settlement of, 21.\\nTalbot Island, 13.\\nTalbot, Matthew, 55.\\nTappan, Arthur, 119.\\nTariff, the, 58.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0203.jp2"}, "204": {"fulltext": "I\u00c2\u00ab2\\nINDEX.\\nTassel, George, 57.\\nTatnall, Josiah, 49.\\nTavern, Tondee s, ^3\\nTax for Church Support, 26.\\nTaylor, Major, 43.\\nTelfair, Edward, 46, 50.\\nTerry, General Alfred, 102.\\nThird Party, The, iii.\\nThirteenth Amendment, 94.\\nThomas, Captain, 6.\\nThompson, Wiley, 59.\\nThunderbolt, 9.\\nTomochichi, 8, 10, 14.\\nToombs, Robert, 65, 68, 76, 84, 91.\\nTopography of State, 148.\\nTowns, George W., 67.\\nTreutlen, John A., 39.\\nTrippe, Judge, 96.\\nTroup, George M., 55, 56.\\nTrustees, 6, 13, 18.\\nTybee Island, 9, 151.\\nUnion Flag, 35.\\nUniversities, 157.\\nUsury, 130.\\nVeto Power, 46.\\nWalker, General, 67.\\nWallace, Campbell, 107.\\nWalton, George, ^7^ 38? 46-\\nWalton, John, ^2, 38.\\nWanderer, Yacht, 119.\\nWarner, Hiram, 66, 72.\\nWars\\nBetween the States, 78-91.\\nCherokees, 26-28.\\nCreek (1836), 60.\\nMexican, 62, 67.\\nRevolutionary, 32-44.\\nSeminole, 59.\\nSpanish, 15.\\nWar of 181 2, 52.\\nWashington, General, ;^y, 44, 46, 49.\\nWaters, Major, 122.\\nWayne, General, 44, 57.\\nWereat, John, 41.\\nWesley, Charles, 11.\\nWesley, John, 11.\\nWesleyan College, 61.\\nWestern and Atlantic R. R., 95.\\nWhig Party, 71.\\nWhitefield, 11, 12, 13.\\nWhitney, Eli, 46.\\nWilde, R. H., 145.\\nWilkinson, Fort, 49.\\nWilliams, Colonel, 43.\\nWofford, W. T., 93, 104.\\nWoods, 149.\\nWright, James, 29, 40.\\nWyley, Alexander, 32.\\nYamacraw Bluff, 8.\\nYamacraw Indians, 8.\\nYazoo Fraud, 45.\\nYoakley, Captain, 9.\\nZouberbuhler, Bartholomew, 25, 26.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0204.jp2"}, "205": {"fulltext": "ADVERTISEMENTS.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0205.jp2"}, "206": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0206.jp2"}, "207": {"fulltext": "A REVOLUTION IN SCHOOL READING\\nHAS BEEN WROUGHT BY THE USE OF THE\\nClassics for Children.\\nThe books in this carefully edited series are widely used\\nin place of the ordinary Reading Books in the upper grades\\nof the Grammar Schools and in the High Schools. They\\nare also used as Supplementary Readers in hundreds of\\nschools throughout the country.\\nDESIGN\\nTo supply material for practice in reading, form a taste for\\ngood literature, and increase the mental power of the pupils\\nby providing them with the best works of standard authors,\\ncomplete as far as possible, and judiciously annotated.\\nAUTHORSHIP\\nVaried, and of world-wide reputation. In the list of authors\\nare Shakespeare, Ruskin, Scott, Irving, Goldsmith, Johnson,\\nFranklin, Andersen, Kingsley, De Foe, Swift, Arnold, and Lamb\\nEDITORS\\nOf recognized ability and discriminating taste. Among them\\nare John Fiske, Edward Everett Hale, Henry N. Hudson,\\nCharlotte M. Yonge, John Tetlow, Homer B. Sprague, D. H.\\nMontgomery, Edwin Ginn, W. H. Lambert, Alfred J. Church,\\nDwight Holbrook, J. H. Stickney, Margaret A. Allen, and Mary\\nS. Avery.\\nINDORSED BY\\nTeachers, Superintendents, Librarians, eminent Literary-\\nAuthorities, and the Educational Press.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0207.jp2"}, "208": {"fulltext": "CLASSICS FOR CHILDREN,\\nChoice Literature Judicious Notes Large Type Firm\\nBinding Low Prices.\\nHans Andersen s Fairy Tales.\\nFirst Series: Supplementary to the Third Reader.\\nSecond Series: Supplementary to the Fourth Reader.\\n*/Esop s Fables, with selections from Krilof and La Fontaine.\\n*Kingsley s Water-Babies A story for a Land Baby.\\n*Ruskin s King of the Golden River A Legend of Stiria.\\n*The Swiss Family Robinson. Abridged.\\nRobinson Crusoe. Concluding with his departure from the island.\\n*Kingsley s Greek Heroes. Franci lon s Gods and Heroes.\\nLamb s Tales from Shakespeare. Meas. for Meas. omitted.\\nScott s Tales of a Grandfather.\\n*Martineau s Peasant and Prince.\\nBanyan s Pilgrim s Progress.\\nScott s Lady of the Lake. Scott s Lay of the Last Minstrel.\\nLamb s Adventures of Ulysses.\\nTom Brown at Rugby. Lord Chesterfield s Letters.\\nChurch s Stories of the Old World.\\nScott s Talisman. Complete.\\nScott s Quentin Durward. Slightly abridged.\\nIrving s Sketch Book. Six selections, including -Rip Van Winkle.\\nShakespeare s Merchant of Venice.\\nScott s Guy Mannering. Complete.\\nScott s Ivanhoe. Complete. Scott s Rob Roy. Complete.\\nJohnson s Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia.\\nGulliver s Travels. The Voyages to Lilliput and Brobdingnag.\\nPlutarch s Lives. From Clough s Translation.\\nIrving-Fiske s Washington and His Country.\\nGoldsmith s Vicar of Wakefield.\\n*Franklin His Life by Himself.\\nSelections from Ruskin.\\n^Hole s Arabian Nights. Heroic Ballads.\\nGrote and Segur s Two Great Retreats.\\nIrving s Alhambra. Selections for Memorizing.\\nScott s Mar mi on. Scott s Old Mortality\\nDon Quixote. Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Epictetus\\nStarred books are illustrated.\\nCINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBOSTON, NEW YORK, AND CHICAGO.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0208.jp2"}, "209": {"fulltext": "book: I. 40 cts. Introd. Book n. 60 cts. Introd.\\nTARE ELL S\\nLESSONS IN LANGUAGE.\\nBy H. S. TARBELL, Superintendent of Schools, Providence, R. I.\\nHere, is at last a series that harmonizes language and grammar, and\\nmakes expression throtigh ivj itten forms as natiiral as thought and speech.\\nIt is believed that nothing crude, notional, or simply taking will be\\nfound in the books, however original and attractive they may seem. Five\\nyears were spent in maturing the plan, and five years more in working out\\nthe details. The most approved text-books American, English, French,\\nand German were studied. A number of the best known specialists in\\nthis department assisted. The experience of hundreds of teachers and the\\ncapacities of thousands of pupils were consulted.\\nA course in which so much good thought has been embodied must possess\\nmarked features worthy of attention. The appeal is confidently made to\\nthe class-room. All are urged to test our recommendations by actual use.\\nWm. E. Back, Supt. PiibUc Instruction, Matichester, N. H. I am particularly well\\npleased with them. They insure better teaching, because most teachers will almost literally\\nfollow the text-book and Tarbell s Lessons have evidently been arranged with this fact\\nin view. Accordingly, all subjects are treated with sufficient fullness for the common school\\nand in due proportion with reference to theory and practice.\\nA. Wanner, Citj S?(/t. of Schools, York, Pa.: They are admirably adapted to teach\\nthe pupil to use his native tongue with readiness, clearness and accuracy in both its spoken\\nand written forms.\\nMary A. Bacon, Teacher of English, Girls Normal and Indtis. Sch., Milledgeville,\\nGa.: I have no hesitation in saying that they are the best books on the subject now in the\\nfield. The most inexperienced teacher could not fail of fair success with such texts.\\nR. W. Stevenson, S?(/ t. of Schools, Wichita, Kansas: It will, by the force of merit,\\npush itself into many of our best schools. Teachers will find it one of the best arranged\\nand the best graded of the many books on language culture for primary schools. The exer-\\ncises for composition are fresh and pointed, and if followed must result in making the pupil\\nable to write his thoughts accurately, correctly and clearly.\\nIT. Somerville, Supt. of Pub. Schools. Denison, Texas: Tarbell s Lessons in Language\\nhave been in use in the public schools of this city five months and I have had an excellent\\nopportunity of testing their efficiency by actual experiment in the school room. On the\\nwhole it may be said that they are without a rival, so far as merit is concerned.\\nGeorge S. Albee, Pres. State Normal School, Oshkosh, IFis. It constitutes the best\\nbasis for a child s progress in culture in language known to me. Its lessons are not merely\\nconsistent and progressive, which could be said of several other elementary texts in lan-\\nguage; but in addition, they constitute a linguistic center, which calls for exercise upon the\\nchild s varied field of knowledge.\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, and Chicago.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0209.jp2"}, "210": {"fulltext": "ELEMENTARY ENGLISH. 9\\nElementary Lessons in English.\\nBy Mrs. N. L. Knox-Heath.\\nPAKT FIRST: Hoio to Speak and Write Correctly.\\n12mo. Cloth. 192 pages. Mailing Price, 45 cents Introductions 40\\ncents allowance in exchange, 15 cents.\\nrriHIS part contains no technical grammar. It is designed to\\ngive children such knowledge of the English language as will\\nenable them to speak and write it with accuracy and force.\\nPART FIRST: Teachers Edition. 12mo. Cloth. 323 pages. Mailing\\nPrice, 70 cents; Introduction and Teachers Price, 60 cents.\\nThe teachers edition contains the entire text of the pupils book,\\nand in addition full directions and suggestions for conducting the\\nwork to the best advantage.\\nPART SECOND: The Parts of Speech and Hoio to Use Them. ix+ 396\\npages. Mailing price, 70 cents for introduction, 60 cents allowance\\nfor old book in exchange, 20 cents.\\nThis book contains all the technical grammar that is required\\nbelow the high school grade. Like Part First, it has a practical\\naim, the knowledge of our language and the ability to use it.\\nThe best means to this end have been ingeniously devised and\\nadopted. The needs of those who leave school before completing\\nthe course have been carefully studied.\\nPART SECOND Teachers Edition. 12mo.\\nduction and Teachers Price, 15 cents.\\nPaper. 95 pages. Intro-\\nThis book consists of Oral Lessons, Observation Lessons, Exer-\\ncises, Dictations, Vocabulary Lessons, Exercises in Parsing, Reviews,\\nCautions, Subjects and Plans, and, in short, everything required to\\nelucidate and supplement the pupil s book. The Appendix con-\\ntains Business Forms and Models for Letters, with a List of Books\\nfor Children.\\nS. T. Dutton, Supt. of Schools,\\nNew Haven, Conn.: The Knox-Heath\\nLanguage Series has been in use in\\nNew Haven, the first book for five\\nyears, the second book for one year.\\nFrom my observation of the results\\nattained by their use, and from the\\ntestimonies of teachers and princi-\\npals, I have no doubt of their being\\nthe best text-books for language-\\nteaching now in the market.\\nThey are better suited to develop\\npower in the correct use of English,\\nand at the same time furnish teach-\\ners with a better method, than any\\nother books I have seen. i^Oct. 1887.)", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0210.jp2"}, "211": {"fulltext": "STICKNEY S READERS.\\nIntroductory to Classics for Children. By J. H. Stickney, author of Tkt\\nChild s Book of Language, Letters and Lessons in Language^ English\\nGrammar, etc. Introduction Prices First Reader, 24 cents; Second\\nReader, 32 cents; Third Reader, 40 cents; Fourth Reader, 50 cents;\\nFifth Reader, 60 cents Auxiliary Books Stickney Peabody s\\nMrst Weeks at School, 12 cents Stickney s Classic Primer, 20 cents.\\nThese books are, first of all, readeis. This main purpose is\\nnot sacrificed in order to get in all sorts of features to entrap\\nthe unwary.\\nThe vitality of methods and selections preserves the chil-\\ndren s natural vivacity of thought and expression.\\nThe editor aimed at positive excellence, and not simply to\\nmake a series so characterless that no one, however unreason-\\nable or ill-informed, could discover a feature definite enough\\nto find fault with.\\nThis is almost the only series that contains a sufficient quan-\\ntity of reading matter, and there is no padding.\\nGood reading would not be good if it did not appeal to what\\nis good in us, and the lessons in Stickney s Readers, without\\nmoralizing, carry moral influence in warp and woof.\\nGive the children a chance at these Readers. They are the\\nones most interested. Ought we not to consult their tastes,\\nwhich mean their capacities? Their verdict is always for\\nStickney,\\nWhen it is a question of obstacles, wings are sometimes\\nworth more than feet. Stickney s Readers are inspiring, and\\nlift the children over difficulties.\\nBest in idea and plan best in matter and make best in\\ninterest and results.\\nThey have found favor with our teachers and pupils from the first. To\\nme the books seem to be just what the gifted author intended them to be,\\nas natural and beautiful as childhood itself. They deserve the greatest\\nsuccess. A. R. Sabin, Assistant Supt., Chicago^ III.\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, and Chicago.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0211.jp2"}, "212": {"fulltext": "OPEN SESAME!\\niboui One Thousand Pieces of the Choicest Prose and Verse.\\ncompiled by\\nBlanche Wilder Bellamy and Maud Wilder Goodwin.\\nVOL. I. for children from four to ten years old.\\nVOL. II. for children from ten to fourteen years old.\\nVOL. III. for children of a larger growth.\\nIllustrated^ and handsomely bound in cloth. Pj-ice of each to\\nteachers^ and for introduction^ 73 cents.\\nNo Eastern romancer ever dreamed of such a treasure-house\\nas our EngUsh Hterature.\\nWith this Open Sesame in his possession a boy or girl\\nhas only to enter and make its wealth his own.\\nEvery piece is believed to be worth carrying away in the\\nmemory.\\nThe best writings of our classic authors are here, with selec-\\ntions from recent literature and not a few translations.\\nIt is very good indeed. We think it the best of all the collections. E. A.\\nSheldon, Prin. State Nortnal School, Oswego, N.Y.\\nI think it by far the best collection of memory pieces I have ever seen.\\nF. B. Palmer, Prin. State Nortnal School, Fredonia, N. V.\\nIt is a beauty, and of all similar works I have seen, it has the most desira-\\nble selections. W. E. Buck, Supt. Public Schools, Manchester, N.H.\\nThe book is a handsome specimen of the arts of typography and binding,\\nwhile the selections and their arrangement speak well for the judgment and\\ntaste of the editors. Chas. W. Cole, Supt. Public Schools, Albany, N. Y.\\nIt [Volume I.] is a rare and rich collection of poems and a few prose\\narticles. I nter-Ocean, Chicago.\\nThe whole book is full to overfiowing of the best things to be found in the\\nEnglish language, and is a thoroughly happy production which children,\\nparents, and teachers will welcome eagerly. EDUCATION, Boston.\\nIt is not often that a collection of verse so thoroughly representative of what\\nis best in literature, and so inclusive of what one has learned to love and to\\nlook for in every anthology, comes from the press. CHRISTIAN UNION,\\nNew York.\\nThe editors have brought to their task a sufficiently wide and sympathetic\\nknowledge of English and American verse, and have also wisely considered the\\nreal needs and tastes of children. The collection is at once of a high char-\\nacter and of a practicable sort. SUNPAV School Times, Philadelphia.\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, Chicago, and London.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0212.jp2"}, "213": {"fulltext": "16\\nHIGHER ENGLISH,\\nHudson s Expurgated Shakespeare.\\nFor Schools, Clubs, and Families. Revised and enlarged Editions ol\\ntwenty-three Plays. Carefully expurgated, with Explanatory Notes at\\nthe bottom of the page, and Critical Notes at the end of each volume.\\nBy H N. Hudson, lLd., Editor of The Harvard Shakespeare. One\\nplay in each volume Square 16mo. Varying in size from 128-258\\npages. Mailing Price of each: CJoth, 50 cents; Paper, 35 cents\\nduction Price: Cloth, 45 cents; Paper, 30 cents. Per set\\n$12.00. (To Teachers, $10.00.) For list see next page.\\nIntro-\\nCin box)\\nS\\nOME of the special features of this edition are the convenienl\\nsize and shape of the volumes the clear type, superior press-\\nwork, and attractive binding; the ample introductions: the ex-\\nplanatory notes, easily found at the foot of the page; the critical\\nnotes for special study the judicious expurgation, never mangling\\neither style or story the acute and sympathetic criticism that has\\ncome to be associated with Dr. Hudson s name and, finally, tho\\nreasonableness of the price.\\nOliver Wendell Holmes: An edi-\\ntion of any play of Shakespeare s to\\nwhich Mr. Hudson s name is affixed\\ndoes not need a line from anybody to\\ncommend it.\\nCyrus Northrop, President Uni-\\nversity of Minnesota They are con-\\nvenient in form and edited by Hud-\\nSon, two good things which I can\\nnee at a glance.\\nHiram Corson, Prof, of Ehet. and\\nEng. Lit., Cornell University I cou-\\nBider them altogether excellent. The\\nnotes give all the aid needed for an\\nunderstanding of the text, without\\nwaste and distraction of the student s\\nmind. The introductory matter to\\nthe several plays is especially worthy\\nof approbation.\\nC. F. P. Bancroft, Prin. of Phil-\\nlips Academy, Andover, Mass. Mr.\\nHudson s appreciation of Shake-\\nspeare amounted to genius. His\\nediting accordingly exhibits more\\nthan learning and industry, it re-\\nveals insifirht, sympathy, and convic-\\ntion He ieaas the pupil into the\\nvery mind and heart of the thou\\nsand-souled Shakespeare.\\nByron Groce, blaster in Public\\nLatin School, Boston The amended\\ntext is satisfactory; the typography\\nis excellent; the notes are brief, al-\\nways helpful, not too numerous, and\\nput where they will do the most good\\nthe introductions are vigorous, in-\\nspiriting, keenly and soundly critical,\\nand very attractive to boys, especially\\non account of their directness and\\nwarmth, for all boys like enthusi\\nasm.\\nC.T.Winchester, Prof, of English,\\nWesleyan University The notes and\\ncomments in the school edition art\\nadmirably fitted to the need of thf\\nstudent, removing his difficulties bj\\nstimulating his interest and quicken-\\ning his perception.\\nA. C. Perkins, Prin. of Adelphi\\nAcademy, Brooklyn: In the prepa-\\nration of the School Shakespeare,\\nMr. Hudson met fully the capacities\\nand needs of students in our schools\\nand colleges.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0213.jp2"}, "214": {"fulltext": "HIGHER ENGLISH. 17\\nThe list is as follows\\n*A Midsummer-Night s Dream 3 *Henry the Eighth .3\\n*The Merchant of Venice.^ *Romeo and Juliet.3\\n*Much Ado About Nothing.^ *Julius Caesar, i\\n*As You Like It.i Twelfth Night. i *Hamlet.i\\n*The Tempest.- The Winter s Tale.2 *King Lear.2\\nKing John. Richard Second. *Macbeth.2\\nEichard Third. Antony and Cleopatra.2\\n*Henry Fourth, Part First.i *0thello.3\\nHenry Fourth, Part Second. i Cymbeline.3\\nHenry the Fifth.- *Coriolanus.3\\nOld Edition, paper, plays starred above. By mail, 20 cents for introduc-\\ntion, 15 cents.\\nHudson s Three-Volume Shakespeare,\\nFor Schools, Families, and Clubs. With Introductions and Notes on\\neach Play. 12mo. Cloth. 636-{)78 pages per volume. By mail, per\\nvolume, $1.40; for introduction, $1.25. The plays included in the three\\nvolumes respectively are indicated by figures in the above list.\\nShakespeare s Complete Works. Harvard Edition.\\nBy Henry N. Hudson, LL.D. In Tioenty Volumes, 12mo, two plays in\\neach volume. Retail price Cloth, $25.00 half calf, $55.00. Also in\\nTen Volvmes, of four plays each. Retail price: Cloth, $20.00; half\\ncalf, $40.00.\\nBuyers should be careful not to confound the Harvard Shakespeare\\nwith an old edition raade in 1851 and still sold by another house.\\nrriHIS is pre-eminently the edition for libraries, students, and\\ngeneral readers. The type, paper, and binding are attractive\\nand superior, and the introductions and notes represent the editor s\\nripest thought.\\nThe first volume contains the Burbage portrait and a life of the\\npoet. The history of each play is given in its appropriate volume.\\nThe plays are arranged in three distinct series: Comedies, His=\\ntories, and Tragedies and the plays of each series presented, as\\nnearly as may be, in the chronological order of the writing.\\nAn obvious merit of this edition is that each volume has two\\nsets of notes one mainly devoted to explaining the text, and\\nplaced at the foot of the page the other mostly occupied with\\nmatters of textual comment and criticism, and printed at the end\\nof each play. The edition is thus admirably suited to the uses", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0214.jp2"}, "215": {"fulltext": "18\\nHIGHER ENGLISH.\\nboth of the general reader and of the special student. General\\nreaders prefer to have explanations directly before them; and m\\nat least nine cases out of ten they will pass over an obscure word\\nor phrase or allusion without understanding it, rather than look\\nup the explanation in another volume or another part of the same\\nvolume. Often, too, in case the explanation be not directly at\\nhand, they will go elsewhere in quest of it, and then find, aftei\\nall, that the editor has left the matter unexplained whereas, with\\nfoot-notes, they will see at once how the matter stands, and will\\nbe spared the labor and vexation of a fruitless search.\\nMr. Hudson s notes are always fresh and original, aiming to\\ngive the pupil such help as he needs for a thorough understanding\\nof the poet s meaning rather than for the technical teaching of\\nphilology. It was always Mr. Hudson s wish to bring his students\\ninto close commmiion with the author. If he could accomplish\\nthat, his great object was secured, and anything that would tend\\nto distract the attention of the pupil to foreign matters he con-\\nsidered a very great mistake. While studying Shakespeare, his\\ndesire was to understand him, and not to make him the subject\\nfor the teaching of the English language.\\nOPINIONS OF NOTED SHAKESPEARIANS.\\nHorace Howard Furness A noble\\nedition, witli happy mingle of illus-\\ntration, explanation, and keen, svib-\\ntle, sympathetic criticism.\\nE. P. Whipple: Hudson s is the\\nmost thoughtful and intelligent in-\\nterpretative criticism which has,\\nluring the present century, been\\nwritten, either in English or German.\\nProfessor Dowden Hudson s edi-\\ntion takes its place beside the best\\nwork of English Shakespeare stu-\\ndents.\\nDr. A. P. Peabody: I regard the\\nedition as unequalled in Shakespear-\\nian scholarship, and in its worth in\\nthe library and for current use.\\nProf. C. T. Winchester It seems\\nto me, without question, the best\\nedition now printed.\\nLife, Art, and Characters of Shakespeare.\\nBy Henry N. Hudson, LL.D., Editor of The Harvard Shakespeare, etc.\\nIn 2 vols. V2mo. 1003 pages. Uniform in size and binding with The\\nIlaj^vard Shakespeare. Retail prices: Cloth, $14.00; half-calf, $8.00.\\nBesides the topics mentioned in the title, this work treats of the origin\\nand growth of the English drama and of Shakespeare s contemporaries.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0215.jp2"}, "216": {"fulltext": "20 HIGHER ENGLISH.\\nEnglish Literature Pamphlets.\\nA LL of these are printed in good type, on good paper, and have\\nbeen judiciously annotated for the use of students. All are of\\n12mo size. The first of the prices given below is the mailing pricej\\nand the second the introductory. The name of the editor is in\\nbrackets.\\nBurke. [Hudson.]\\nI. Five Speeches and ten Papers. 20 cents 1-5 cents.\\nII. Life. A Letter to a Noble Lord, and eleven Extracts. 20 cents\\n15 cents.\\nWebster, [Hudson.]\\nI. Reply to Hayne, and six Extracts. 20 cents 15 cents.\\nII. Life, and extracts from twenty -five Speeches. 20 cents 15 cents.\\nWebster. [Montgomery.] First Bunker Hill Address, with Life. 12\\ncents 10 cents.\\nBacon. [Hudson.] Life, and Extracts from thirty Essays. 20 cents;\\n15 cents.\\nWordsworth. [Hudson.]\\nI. Life. The Prelude, and thirty -three Poems. 20 cents 15 cents.\\nII. Sixty Poems and Sonnets. 20 cents; 15 cents.\\nColeridge and Burns. [Hudson.] Lives, and forty-five Poems. 20\\ncents 15 cents.\\nColeridge. [Hudson.] The Ancient Mariner. 6 cents 5 cents.\\nAddison and Goldsmith. [Hudson.] Lives, fifteen Papers from Addi-\\nson, eleven Prose Selections from Goldsmith, with The Deserted\\nVillage. 20 cents 15 cents.\\nMacaulay. [Montgomery.] Essay on Clive, with Life. 20 cents; 15 cents.\\nMacaulay. [Montgomery.] Second Essay on the Earl of Chatham,\\nwith Life. 20 cents 15 cents.\\nCraik s English of Shakespeare.\\nIllustrated in a Philological Commentary on Julius Caesar. By George\\nL. Craik, Queen s College, Belfast. Edited, from the third revised\\nLondon edition, by W. J. Rolfe, Cambridge, Mass. 12mo. Cloth. 40C\\npages. Mailing Price, $1.00; Introduction, 00 cents.\\nA N exposition in regard both to the language or style of Shake-\\nspeare, and to the English language generally.\\nShakspere s Versification.\\nNotes on Shakspere s Versification, with Appendix on the Verse Tests\\nand a short Descriptive Bibliography. By (tEorge H. Brovtne. A.M.\\n12mo. Paper. Si pages. Price, interleaved, 25 cents.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0216.jp2"}, "217": {"fulltext": "LANGUAGE, COMPOSITION, RHETORIC, LITERATURE.\\nLESSONS IN ENGLISH\\nADAPTED TO\\nThe Study of American Classics.\\nA Text-book for High Schools, Academies, and Young Ladies Seminaries\\ndesigned to he used in connection with supplementary reading\\nfrom the works of seven American authors, Irving, Bryant,\\nLongfellow, Whittier, Hawthorne, Holmes, and Lowell.\\nSARA E. HUSTED LOCKWOOD.\\nTEACHER OP ENGLISH IN THE HIGH SCHOOL AT NEW HAVEN, CONN,\\nIntroduction price, $1.12; Allowance for exchange, 35 cents,\\nTHE AIM\\nof the work is to present, in simple and attractive style, ihe\\nessentials of good English and, at the same time, to de-\\nvelop a critical literary taste, by applying these technical\\nrules and principles to the study of American Classics.\\nTHE PLAN\\nprovides for a course in English extending over the pupil s\\nfirst year and a half in the High School, the work being pre=\\nparatory to the study of English Literature as usually pur-\\nsued in schools of this grade. These Lessons include\\nthe most important facts concerning the History and Ele=\\nments of the Language, Common Errors in the Use of\\nEnglish, the Study of Words, Rules for the Construction of\\nSentences, Figures of Speech, Punctuation, Letter- Writing.\\nComposition, and Biographical Sketches of the seven authors\\nnamed above.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0217.jp2"}, "218": {"fulltext": "ETHICS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE,\\nBy C C EVERETT, D.D.,\\nProfessor of Theology in Harvard University.\\ni2mo. Cloth, iv 185 pages. Introduction price, 50 cents.\\nThis little work is designed to aid in the formation of char-\\nacter. It treats of duties to one s self, of duties to others, and\\nof helps and hindrances in right doing. It seeks to do this\\nnot by commonplace moralizing, but by stimulating the thought\\nand imagination. It may be used by pupils twelve years old\\nand upwards. Where children are too young to use the book\\nthemselves, it will serve as a great aid to the teacher by sug-\\ngesting a systematic and logical line of work, and the subject\\nmatter will furnish excellent material for each lesson. The\\nstyle is simple and conversational, without being in the least\\nchildish, and many interesting little stories are introduced.\\nThe Nation, Ne%u York Now comes another manual designed for use\\nin the moral education of children, in many respects the best of them all.\\nThe whole makes a book deserving of praise and use.\\nRev. A. A. Miner, D.D., Boston: Mr. Everett has most happily accom-\\nplished his purpose. The style is easy and simple, the analysis sufficiently\\ncomplete, and the principles are unfolded in a natural and orderly manner.\\nI can heartily commend the volume to all young people.\\nProfessor Albert S. Cook, Yale University: Professor Everett s\\nEthics for Young People ought to be a very useful book. It contains the\\nessentials of ethics, without invading the field of religion. The language\\nis simple, but not childish, and familiar illustrations and anecdotes enliven\\nthe pages. The system of paragraphing employed, and the judicious use\\nof italics, enable the drift of a chapter to be readily caught. Appeal is\\nfrequently made to the noble instincts and traits of right feeling commonly\\ndisplayed by boys and girls, in so far as these are compatible with the\\nother principles of a sound morality. Nothing that is taught in the book\\nis likely to awaken criticism among the adherents of any religious creed,\\nwhile its precepts, if observed, could not fail to make a new generation\\nmuch better than its predecessor. Not the least of its merits is that it by\\nno means supersedes the teacher, but merely traces outlines, which he may\\nfill up at his pleasure and according to the specific needs of the pupils\\naddressed.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0218.jp2"}, "219": {"fulltext": "DUTY: A BOOK FOR SCHOOLS,\\nBy Rev. JULIUS H. SEELYE, D.D.,\\nLate President of Amherst College.\\ni2mo. Cloth. 71 pages. Introduction price, 30 cents.\\nIn this little book the author has gone over the whole domain\\nof duty both to one s self and to others in a way that is\\nthorough and at the same time within the comprehension of a\\nchild. The book is simple without being superficial, compact\\nyet comprehensive, and though designed for an early grade\\nof school life, can be profitably used with more advanced\\nclasses. Though a book on morals, it places religion as the\\ncorner-stone.\\nThe Christian Union, New York The author s statements are clear,\\nsimple, and comprehensive. The result is an admirable primer of morals.\\nPublic Opinion It is an ideal presentation of moral problems to chil-\\ndren. It is clear, it is fresh, it is full of seed-corn. Old and young alike\\nwill be delighted as they read the volume.\\nThe Congregationalist It hardly need be added that the eminent\\nauthor has given his readers the results of years of reflection, observation,\\nand experience, expressed so simply and tersely that the real wealth of the\\nbook hardly appears at first glance.\\nThe Ledger, Philadelphia A very short examination of Dr. Seelye s\\nbook will convince one of the wisdom and liberality with which the topic,\\nin all its bearings, is discussed. Duty is an admirable exposition\\nof the cardinal principles and the chief facts of morals, treated with sound\\ncommon-sense.\\nThe Herald, Boston It is so good that it may well be the last of its\\nspecies prepared for schools of the lower grades. The style is not\\nonly clear, but it is of that easily memorized species at which every writer\\nof text-books aims, but which not one in a hundred attains, and here and\\nthere it is adorned with sayings to become maxims with young students.\\nSmall although the book is, it is one of the most valuable contributions\\nto the work of education ever printed in this country.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0219.jp2"}, "220": {"fulltext": "WENTWORTH S ARITHMETICS.\\nAdopted for exclusive use in the State of Washington, and in countless\\ndties, towns, and schools.\\nMASTERY: their motto.\\nLEARN TO DO BY DOING: their meinod.\\nPRACTICAL ARITH^/IETICIANS: the result.\\nWENTWORTH S PRIMARY ARITHMETIC.\\nBy G. A. Wentworth, Professor of Mathematics in PhiMps Exe\\nter Academy, and Miss E. M. Reed, Principal of the Training\\nSchool, Springfield, Mass Profusely illustrated. Introduction\\nprice, 30 cents\\nIn a word, this book the fruit of the most intelligent and pains-\\ntaking study, long-continued is believed to represent the best\\nknown methods of presenting numbers to primarians, and to pre-\\nsent these methods in the most available form. It is commended\\nas profoundly philosophical in method, simple and ingenious in\\ndevelopment, rich and varied in matter, attractive in style, and prac-\\ntical in effect.\\nIt has been carefully and critically examined by myself and my teachers, and in our\\nestimation it stands ahead of anything else of the kind that we have found. Principal\\nCampbell, State Normal School Johnson, Ft.\\nWENTWORTH\u00c2\u00bbS GRAMMAR SCHOOL ARITHMETIC.\\nIllustrated. Introductory price, 65 cents.\\nAnswers free on teachers orders.\\nIntended to follow the Primary Arithmetic and make with that a\\ntwo-book series for common schools. It is designed to give pupils\\nof the grammar school age an intelligent knowledge of the subject\\nand a moderate power of independent thought, by training them to\\nsolve problems by neat and intelligent methods and keeping them\\nfree from set rules and formulas. It is characterized by accuracy,\\nthoroughness, good sense, school-room tact, and practical ingenuity.\\nEminently practical, well graded, and well arranged. I consider it the brightest,\\nmost attractive, most scholarly text-book on this subject that has been issued for years,\\nPRiNaPAL Serviss, Amsterdam^ N.Y.\\nIn a word, these books represent the Best Methods, made feasible,\\nWitk the Best Problems^\u00e2\u0080\u0094 ingenious, varied, practical, and abundant\\nO-INN d COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBosTOHc Kkw Yokk, Cmicago, tisn London.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0220.jp2"}, "221": {"fulltext": "WENTWORTH S ARITHMETICS.\\nCrystallized from years of study and experience sharp in outline\\nclear in substance. These books are characterized, like the author^s\\nacademic text-books, by the closest adaptation to the needs of the\\npupil and the requirements of class-room study. They economize\\ntime and mental energy, while they secure the most distinct and\\nlasting impressions. Note the following testimonials\\nPEIMAEY AEITHMETIO.\\nWarren Holden, Prof. Mathematics,\\nGirard College, Philadelphia I think\\nit admirably adapted for the purpose\\nintended.\\nJ. A. Graves, Prin. South Gram-\\nmar School, Hartford, Conn. I am\\nglad to find at last a real Primary\\nArithmetic.\\nT. M. Balliet, Supt. Schools, Spring-\\nfield, Mass. It is based on right prin-\\nciples, and the details are worked out\\nwith care.\\nE. C. Branson, Supt. Schools, Ath-\\nens, Ga. The best to date in America\\nand, in fact, the only Primary Arith-\\nmetic worth putting into the hands of\\npupils at all.\\nJ, M. Green, Prin. State Normal and\\nModel Schools, New Jersey It is a\\nbook in which the authors manifest\\nwhat seems to me to be the true un-\\nderstanding of what constitutes pri-\\nmary work in number.\\nS. A. Ellis, Supt. Schools, Rochester,\\nN. Y. The methods followed are ap-\\nproved by our best educators. The\\nexamples are practical and sufficiently\\nnumerous and, in fact, nothing seems\\nto have been omitted that would tend\\nto give a young pupil a clear and sat-\\nisfactory idea of the various processes\\nin Arithmetic.\\nGEAMMAE SCHOOL AEITHMETIO.\\nA. B. Fifield, Prin. Eaton School,\\nNew Haven, Conn. It is a model\\ntext-book.\\nJohn R. Dunlon, Prin. Grammar\\nSchool, Lewiston, Me. It is an excel-\\nlent book. Both its matter and meth-\\nods of treatment are well adapted to\\ngrammar school needs.\\nE. C. Willard, Prin. High School,\\nWesterly, R.I. Nearly every page\\nbears the characteristic marks of the\\nauthor, who easily leads to-day in\\nmathematical book-making.\\nP. T. Bugbee, Prin. Union School,\\nNewark, N. Y. It has stood the test\\nof several years with us, and I consider\\nit superior to any other Arithmetic of\\ngrammar grade which I have seen.\\nG. S. Albee, Pres. State Normal\\nSchool, Oshkosh, Wis. The abun-\\ndance of concrete problems tending\\nto exercise the pupil in more respects\\nthan in a mere process, is a very com-\\nmendable feature.\\nEdward Taylor, Supt. Schools, Vin-\\ncennes, Ind. It is sufficient to say\\nthat we have been using it as the sole\\npupil s text in that grade for five years\\npast, and always with entire satisfac-\\ntion.\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, and Chicago,", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0221.jp2"}, "222": {"fulltext": "THE NATIONAL MUSIC COURSE\\nAims\\nTo place vocal music on the same footing as the regular school studies, and\\nenable the class teachers to give successful instruction in music, as in geog-\\nraphy and arithmetic, under competent direction.\\nIX HAS SUCCEHDED\\nFully, as the list of places using it proves. The testimony of teachers,\\nsuperintendents, and musicians is unmistakable evidence of its excellence\\nand superiority.\\nIf there is any argument in pure merit, the National should head the list of music\\ncourses. Very rarely is as much genius, study, and research devoted to the prepara-\\ntion of a series of books as has been given by Professor Mason to the National Course.\\nThe books stand the severest tests of time and use. T. E. Hazell, Special Teacher\\nif Music, New York City.\\nMORE\\nTHAN\\nANY\\nOTHER\\nendorsed by wide use and satisfactory results,\\napproved by musical authorities here and abroad,\\nrecommended on a careful examination of its merits,\\nenjoyed by the teachers who teach and the children who study it*\\nstal\\nSOME POINTS OF EXCELLENCE.\\nX. It is based on the fundamental principles of education.\\n2. It combines the best musical theory with the best methods of teaching, analogous\\nto those followed in other branches of school study, particularly the teaching of language.\\n3. The instruction is comprehensive and thorough, systematically and progressively\\ndeveloped from the lowest grades to the highest, and fitted to the school-room and the\\nusual course of study.\\n4. The best composers are represented, and the best song-writers.\\n5. The music is taking and interesting to children it wears well, and does not grow\\nle.\\n6. The literature is appropriate, dignified, and improving.\\n7. It presents the fruit of the best musical study and experience In all countries.\\nIt is endorsed by long and wide use, in America and in foreign countries.\\n9 It is endorsed by practical teachers of school music, by superintendents, by class\\nteachers, and by musical experts.\\n10. Those who have most thoroughly studied the System are most firmly convinced ol\\nIts excellence and its superiority.\\n11. Thoroughly tested under most varied conditions, it is beyond the period ol\\nexperiment.\\n12. It is fresh and abreast of the times, and will always be kept in line with the newest\\napproved thought.\\n13. It exerts a strong influence toward the good order of the school and the refinement\\nof the pupils.\\n14. It not only appeals to the musical children, but awakens i nd develops the un\\nmusical.\\n15. It requires but little time, is not expensive, and can certainly be handled by the\\ntegular teachers under proper supervision.\\n16. Properly taught, it is sure to produce the desired result.\\nGINN a COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, and Chicago.", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0222.jp2"}, "223": {"fulltext": "/T\\\\u8i(;al publications.\\nIntrod.\\nCaswell Ryan Time and Tune Series. Price\\nBook I. The ^olian $0.65\\nBook II. The Barcarolle 94\\nCoda Supplementary Music for Public Schools. Send\\nfor Catalogue.\\nEichberg Girls High School Music Reader 1.25\\nNew High School Music Reader 94\\nHigh School Music Reader (old edition) 94\\nEichberg Sharland Fourth Music Reader (Revised) 94\\nAbridged Fourth Music Reader (Revised) 75\\nEmerson, Brown Gay The Morning Hour 50\\nLeib Voices of Children 40\\nMason New First Reader 25\\nNew Second Reader 40\\nNew Third Reader 40\\nIndependent Reader. 70\\nAbridged Independent Reader 60\\nNational Music Teacher 40\\nHymn and Tune Book for Female Voices 60\\nHymn and Tune Book for Mixed Voices 60\\nIndependent and Hymn and Tune Book for\\nMixed Voices (combined) 94\\nNew First, Second, and Third Series of Music\\nCharts each 9.00\\nMason Veazie New Fourth Music Reader 90\\nNational Music Course. See Mason, Mason Veazie, Eichberg,\\nEichberg Sharland.\\nPease Singing-Book .70\\nTilden Common School Song Reader 36\\nCommon School Chart 5.00\\nHandbook of First-Year Lessons 10\\nVeazie Music Primer 05\\nFour-Part Song Reader 40\\nYoung Institute Song Collection 10\\nZuchtmann Kirtland Choral Book 60\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBoston, New York, Chicago.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0223.jp2"}, "224": {"fulltext": "MUSIC\\nis fast coming to rank, as it did of old, with the most valued\\nbranches of instruction. Its power of appeal to the sensibili-\\nties, and, through them, its intimate relation to culture and\\ncharacter, which are the essential basis of the National\\nMusic Course, make it both the most necessary and the\\nmost delightful complement of the purely intellectual studies,\\nwhile it has itself no slight effect in disciplining the intellect.\\nThe needs of graded schools have long been provided for,\\nbut the ungraded schools have been condemned to desultory\\nsinging and poor music, or no music at all.\\nTILDEN S\\nCOMMON SCHOOL\\nSONG READER\\nand the accompanying Chart remove the difficulty, and are\\nstrongly commended to the attention of all connected with\\ncountry schools.\\nThe opinion of the press is voiced in the following, from\\nThe New England Journal of Education\\nThis book is the best recognition we remember to have\\nseen of the special need of the ungraded school. The author\\nis not only a skilful teacher of music, but much of his life has\\nbeen devoted to teaching music to those who were to teach in\\nungraded schools. He has not only recognized the difference\\nbetween the two classes of schools, but has recognized that\\nthe difference is one of degree rather than quality. He sees", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0224.jp2"}, "225": {"fulltext": "GEOGRAPHY.\\nOur World Reader, No. 7.\\nFirst Lessons in Geography, being a revised edition of Our World No. 1.\\nWith new Maps and Illustrations. By Mary L. Hall. 12mo. Cloth,\\nviii 2()8 pages. Mailing price, 60 cents for introduction, 50 cents.\\nATO book relating to this interesting branch of study has been\\nmore widely used, or read with more absorbing interest by\\nchildren, than Our World No. 1, which for many years has been\\na standard text-book, or supplementary reader, in public and\\nprivate schools.\\nThe book, with some necessary changes, and with important\\nadditions, is now issued as a supplementary reader for primary\\nschools.\\nThe charm of the book is not only its simplicity of style and\\nvividi)ess of description, but also its seizing upon broad and gen-\\neral characteristics in its treatment of the subject. Confusing\\ndetails are therefore avoided, the design being, not so nuich to\\nimpart a knowledge of mere facts as to present, in clearest out-\\nline, pictures of the earth as the home of man.\\nIn brief. Our World Reader No. 1, is\\n1. A book of proved attractiveness for young readers.\\n2. A book that helps the regular school work.\\n3. A book that imparts the sort of information about our world\\nwhich every intelligent person would and should possess.\\n4. A book in accord with the most approved principles of\\neducation.\\nA book full, from beginning to end, of the germs of valuable\\nideas.\\n6. A book that illustrates a sensible method of teaching geog-\\nraphy, and that will be welcomed by many as the best priniai y\\ntext-book on the subject.\\nV. G. Curtis. S^qjt. of Pub. Schools,\\nWinona, Mmn. We have used the\\nold edition in the schools of this city\\nas a supplementary reading-book for\\nsome time, and I am sure that in its\\nnew and attractive form it will be\\nstill more highly valued for that pur-\\npose than before. I shall take great\\npleasure in introducing this charm-\\ning new edition into the schools under\\nmy supervision.\\nE. C. Sabin, Sapt. of Pub. Schools,\\nPortland, Oregon: It is a beautiful\\nand most desirable book. Miss Hall s\\nfirst book did incalculable good to\\nthe proper method of teaching geog-\\nraphy, and this form will extend its\\ngood intluence.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0225.jp2"}, "226": {"fulltext": "HISTORY.\\nW ashington and His Country.\\nBy Washington Irving and John Fiske. G54 pages, including 13 maps.\\n12mo. Cloth: Mailini; price, $;i. 10; for introduction, $11.0(). Boards: 85\\nand 75 cents. QUESTIONS have been prepared to facilitate the use of\\nthe work as a text-book of United States history. Paper. 88 pages.\\nIntroduction price, 15 cents.\\nfPHIS consists of Irving s Life of Washington, judiciously abridged\\nby John Fiske, and supplemented with an Introduction and a\\nContinuation by Mr. Fiske that make tlie work in effect a His-\\ntory of the United States. It is anticipated that this History\\nwill be cordially welcomed and will exert a great influence upon\\npresent methods and courses of study. It will be found to com-\\nbine many peculiar excellences.\\n1. History is taught through biography. This secures the great-\\nest interest, unity, and clearness, and, at the same time, the greatest\\nmoral value.\\n2. The history is presented in a readable outline. The salient\\npoints are fully and vividly set forth, and cannot fail to impress\\nthe memory and the imagination.\\n3. The pupil has before him in this book the thought and lan-\\nguage of an acknowledged master of English.\\n4. The abridging and the supplementing have been done by one\\nexceptionally competent. The Introduction and the Continuation\\nare masterly sketches, unequalled by anything hitherto published.\\nThus, while acquiring a knowledge of facts and events, the pupil\\nis gaining a love for history and literature, moulding his diction by\\na classic author, and ennobling his character by contemplating one\\nof the grandest types of humanity. There will be less of mechani-\\n3al study and more of the real, less committing to memory of\\ntrivial facts, and a firmer grasp of the important ones.\\nW. E. Buck, Snpt. of Schools,\\nMarichester, N.H. I cannot think\\nof another book so desirable for col-\\nlateral reading by pupils studying\\nhistory in the common schools.\\nE. H. Eussell, Prin. of Normal\\nSchool, Worcester, Mass, I have\\nordered a supply for class use. It\\nseems to me the most noteworthy\\nbook that has appeared iu this field\\nfor years. I recommend it right and\\nleft without reserve.\\nThomas M. Balliet, Supt. of\\nSchools, SprinufieM, Mass. It can\\nbe used as a text-book on U. S.\\nHistory; and as a book for supple-\\nmentary reading on the subject, I\\ndon t know of anything else equal\\nto it.\\n{Jan, 20, 1888.)", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0226.jp2"}, "227": {"fulltext": "MONTGOMERY S\\nHistories of England and France are said by all to be, in\\ntheir departments, unequalled in scholarship, in true historic\\ninsight and temper, in interest and class-room availability.\\nThey are admittedly the\\nLEADING\\ntext-books on their subjects. Their popularity and wide use\\nhave been duly proportionate to their merits. Hundreds of\\nschools have introduced them, and all report the greatest\\nsatisfaction. These\\nFACTS\\nled every one to expect a great deal of the author s History\\nof the United States. No one has been disappointed. The\\nattractive and enduring qualities of the other books are here\\nfound in even higher degree. Not the least\\nOF\\nthese are the numberless incidental touches of thought, tact,\\nor feeling that illuminate the narrative, and both stimulate\\nand satisfy the reader s interest, one result of the author s\\nmastery of his subject. As one would infer, the author is\\nthoroughly\\nAMERICAN\\nin his sympathies and feelings, too American, in fact, to\\nbe sectarian, partisan, local, or narrow, and so we find\\nremarkable life and breadth, as well as insight and instruc-\\ntion, in this book. What we have is, in short, a\\nHISTORY\\nof the American people, of its development in all depart-\\nments of activity, with both the causes and the results of\\ngreat movements distinctly traced: a vivid and attractive\\npanorama of the leading facts of our history.\\nIntroductory Price, $i.oo\\nGINN COMPANY, Publishers,\\nBOSTON, NEW YORK, AND CHICAGO.", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0227.jp2"}, "228": {"fulltext": "BOOKS FULL OF LIFE AND THOUGHT\\nWEMTWORTH 5 ARITHMETICS\\nTijeir ryoUo )3 n^^^sVery, ll^eir ry)e\\\\.lr}od\\nis lee^rr^ to do by c3oin_g\\nMONTGOMERY S 4MERIC4N HISTORY\\nA paY)oy-am^). of tl^e leacJii?^ facb H^eir C2y.U5es\\ns^nd l:f7eir re5alt3\\nSTICKMEY S READERS\\nBest ip idea and plap.best ip n^al-lrer a^ijd n^c.ke\\nhcs\\\\ in iyteresV ai^d results\\nCLASSICS FOR CHILDREN\\nCl/oice liters^lrare, judicioas jjoVes. lar^e type,\\nfirrr; bipclip^, locu pi-ices\\nSTICKHEY5 WORD BY WORD\\nAr) improved spelling coarse in tcuo numbers.\\ncon3ervative and original\\nELEMEITRRY LESS0H5 IM EMGLISH\\nDri5]7t, prs^ctic^^vl ^vd irpteresting at\\nevery sVa^e oP i}pz coarse\\nT4RBELLS LESSo)l5 in LAnGVAGE\\nExpressio9 \\\\\\\\)roa ^h ajril:^eT7 forrr^s njade exs\\np^vtural as l:F)oaghl: B^r^d speecl^\\nTHE MEW milOMAL MUJK COURSE\\nStudied by n7ore pupils Wj^y) cxU other\\nre^alsvr coar5e5 to^etl^er\\nGINN 6t COMPANY PUBLISHERS", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0228.jp2"}, "229": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0229.jp2"}, "230": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3386", "width": "2054", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0230.jp2"}, "231": {"fulltext": "", "height": "3376", "width": "2033", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0231.jp2"}, "232": {"fulltext": "LIBRARY OF CONGRESS\\n014 419 470 6\\nv V;\\nv^\\nH\\n^1\\nvjv itf\\n^r", "height": "3458", "width": "2158", "jp2-path": "schoolhistoryofg00smit_0232.jp2"}}